for that of Sabina John Busche finished his Chronicle of VVindesem Nicolas of Cusa and John Capgrave die August 12th The Death of VVilliam of Vorilong and Theodore Laelius 1465 II. XXVI  1465. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against some Propositions maintain'd in the Schools in Fouara Street  John Beetz John Soreth Alanus de la Roche Flourish'd Laurence Valla died aged 50 Years and James of Clusa aged 80 Years Henry Kalteisen died on the 3d of October 1466 III. XXVII  1466.   1467 IV. XXVIII  1467. The Institution of the Order of Minims by St. Francis of Paule  The Death of Anthony of Rosellis John of Turrecremata died the 28th of September James Perez was made Bishop of Chrysopolis on the 1st of October 1468 V. XXIX  1468.   1469 VI. XXX  1469. The Institution of the Order of St. Michael by Lewis XI  Roderick Sance of Areval finish'd his History of Spain 1470 VII XXXI  1470. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against a Proposition of John Meamer about Ecclesiastical Power A Conclusion of the same Faculty about the Truth of some Propositions of the Creed  Henry Harphius or of Herp Gabriel Barlette John Baptista Platina Alexander of Imola John of Lutrie Laurence Cabaneus Dominic of Dominici Louis Dona. Conrad de Rodemberg Stephen of Caiete George Melitoris Tilman of Ravensburg John Wessel or of VVessales VVilliam Forleon Ambrose Coriolan Benedict Stendel of Halles Sifroy Bishop of Cyrene Godeschalcus of Meschede Flourish'd 1471 Paul II. dies on the 25th of July Sixtus IV. is chosen on the 2d of August XXXII Henry VI. King of Enggland is restor'd by Louis XI and driven away and kill'd quickly after by Edward    Denis Rickel died on the 12th of March aged 69 Years Thomas of Kempis on the 24th of July aged 70 Years and John Soreth on the 25th of the same Month. Henry of Pizo. John Tinctor Flourish'd 1472 II. XXIII  1472.  Conrade of Elten Conrade of Zaberne John of Dorsten Angelus the Saxon Flourish'd John of Gruistrade died February the 12th The Death of Cardinal Bessarion Giles Charlier died the 23d of November 1473 III. XXXIV  1473. A Bull of Sixtus IV. in favour of the Regulars Mendicants The Council of Toledo Martin the Master takes the degree of Dr. in the Faculty of Theology at Paris Robert Gaguin is chosen General of the Order of Trinitarians 1474 IV. XXXV The Death of Henry IV. King of Castile Ferdinand of Arrigon who Married his Daughter Isabel succeeded him  1474. Sixtus IV. puts off the Jubilee for 25 Years  Jerom Sabonarola enters into the Order of Friars Preachers The Death of Alanus de la Roche 1475 V. XXXVI  1475.  Theodorick of Herxen Nicolas of Warhenheim Michael of Milan John Cousin Henry Prudens Flourish'd John of Hagen or of Indagine died about this Year 1476 VI. XXXVII  1476.  John of Circy is chosen General of the Order of Cistercians John Beetz died the 23d of July 1477 VII XXXVIII  1477. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris about a Proposition concerning the Trinity The Council of Orleans Robert Fleming wrote a Poem in Commendation of Sixtus IV. John of Circy disputes stoutly against the Commendations of Monasteries in the Council of Orleans and the next Year after in the Council of Tours The Death of James Zenus 1478 VIII XXXIX  1478. A Bull of Sixtus IV which put an end to the Differences between the Parish-Priests and Regulars Mendicants The Council of Tours Dominick de Dominicis died the 17th of February The Death of Heâ—â—y Harphius and Laurence Calcaneus 1479 IX XL.  1479. A Condemnation of the Errors of Peter of Osma at Toledo and at Rome  John Raulin takes the Degree o Doctor of Divinity at Paris The Death of John of Latrie 1480 X. XLL John King of Arragon dies on the 16th of February Ferdinand V his Son succeeds him and unites in his own Person the Kingdoms of Castile and Arragon  1480. The Pope approves the Office of the Conception of the Virgin composed by Bernardin de Bustis  Augustine Patricius Canon of Siena wrote his History of the Councils of Basil and Florence John de Deo Bernandin de Bustis John Picus of Mirandula Peter Shottus John Kimne of Duderstat John Manburne Arnold Bostius or Boschius George Phranâ—a Gabriel Biel. John Baptista Salvis or de Salis Flourish'd John de Indagine died about this Year 1481 XI XLII Alphonsus the King of Portugal dies on the 28th of August John II his Son succeeds him  1481.  Matthias Palmier finish'd his Continuation of the Chronicle of Matthew Palmier Pacificus of Novara Angelus de Clavasio John Baptista Trovanala or Novamala John Losse Charles Fernand. John Fernand. Marfilius Ficinus Wernerus Rolwink of Laer Flourish'd John Baptista Platina died aged 60 Years 1482 XII XLIII  1482. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against a Proposition about Indulgences  Peter Natalis finish'd his Catalogue of Saints Bernard Aquila Anthony of Baloche Bernardin of Tome Robert Caraccioli Michael of Milan Nicolas of Creutznach Nicasius of Voerde Benedict Capra John Andrew Flourish'd Martin the Master died aged 〈◊〉 Years 1483 XIII XLIV The Death of Louis XI King of France on August 29 Câ—arles VIII his Son succeeds him Edward IV. Ring of England dies Richard III. Duke of Glocester his Brother having put his Nephews to Death usurps the Crown  1483. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against some Propositions of John de Angeli about the Hierarchy  Augustine Patricius is made Bishop of Pienza John Trithemius is chosen Abbot of Spanheim The Death of Francis Diede 1484 The Death of Sixtus IV. on August 12. Innocent VIII is chosen on October 29. I. XLV  1484.  The Death of George Melitoris and Henry Prudent 1485 II. XLVI  1485. The Council of Sens. Peter Brutus William of Aix la Chapelle Baptista of Ferrara Flourish'd The Death of Tilman of Ravensburg 1486 III. XLVII Henry of Richmond the Son of John Brother to Henry VI. King of England kill'd Richard Duke of Glocester and by Marrying Elizabeth the Daughter of Edward IV united in his own Person the Rights of the Houses of York and Lancaster to the Crown of England and was the 7th King of England of the Name of Henry  1486. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against some Propositions of John Merchant a Friar Minor about St. Francis A Censure of the same Faculties against some Propositions of John Lailier A Petition of Lailier to the Official of Paris A new Censure of the Faculty against Lailier Lailier's Retractation and his Absolution by the Bishop of Paris The Condemnation of Lailier by the Pope A Censure of the same Faculty against some Propositions of Morality  Conrade of Redemberg died
Stephen Patriarch of Constantinople dying Trypho is substituted in his room till Theophylact the Emperor's Son came to full age   934 IV. XXIV XVI Hildegarius ordained Bishop of Beauvais by Artoldus Bishop of Rheims in the Council of Chateau Thierry Fulbert made Bishop of Beauvais by the same Archbishop A Council at Chateau Thierry under Artoldus Arch-bishop of Rheims  935 V. XXV XVII  A Council at Fismes against the Usurpers of Chuâ—eh Revenues  936 VI. John XI dies and Leo VII succeeds him I. XXVI XVIII Henry the Fowler dies and leaves his Dominions to his Son Otho I. Odo Abbot of Cluny is sent for to Rome by the Pope to procure Peace among the Princes of Italy by his Mediation      I. The death of Raoul K of France Jan. 15. Lewis IV. sirnam'd d'Outremer is crown'd K. of France June 20.    937 II. XXVII I.   Eutychius compleats his Chroâ—…con 938 III. XXVIII II. Otho is crown'd K. of Germany Hildebert Archbishop of Metz crowns Otho I. Gerard Archbishop of Lorch is made the Pope's Vicar in Germany Odo Abbot of Cluny returns to Rome to endeavour to reconcile the Princes of Italy   939 IV. Leo dies and Stephen VIII succeeds him I. XXIX III.    340 II. Alberic causes the Pope to be abus'd XXX IV. Artoldus is oblig'd to resign the Arch-bishoprick of Rheims and Hugh is put in possession of it  The death of Eutychius Patriarch of Alexandria Flodoard Canon of Rheims 941 III. XXXI V. Hugh is ordain'd a Bishop of Rheims A Council at Soissoins for the deposing of Artoldus Archbish of Rheims and the Ordination of Hugh  942 IV. XXXII VI. Odo Abbot of Cluny goes a third time to Rome to be the Mediator of a Peace between the Italian Princes  The death of Odo Abbot of Cluny 943 The death of Stephen Marinus II. succeeds him I. XXXIII VII    944 II. XXXIV VIII The deposing of Trypho Patriarch of Constantinople and the Ordination of Theophylact. The Council of Constantinople A Council in England under King Edmund The History of our Saviour's Image sent to K. Abgarus and other Pieces of Constantine Porphyrogenneta 945 III. XXXV IX Hugh King of Italy expell'd by Berenger the son of the Marquess of Ivrea and Lotharius substituted id his room Atto made Bishop of Verceil   946 IV. Marinus dies Agapâ—tus II. succeeds him XXXVI X. Artoldus re-establish'd in the Arch-bishoprick of Rheims The death of Edmund K. of England who leaves his Brother Elred to succeed him   947 II. XXXVII XI Tetbaud Arch-deacon of Soissons is made Bishop of Amiens by Hugh Archbishop of Rheims who likewise ordains another for Senlis which causes an Information to be drawn up against him in the Councils A Council held near the River of Cher. A Council at Verdun held in the Month of Novemb.  948 III. XXXVIII XII Luitprand is sent Ambassador to Constantinople Artoldus confirm'd in the Archbishoprick of Rheims and Hugh declar'd an Intrâ—der and Excommunicated in the Council of Ingelheim Guy Bishop of Soissons gives Satisfaction to K. Lewis in the 2d Council of Mouzon for ordaining Hugh Archbishop of Rheims and begs pardon in the Council of Trier for performing that Ordination Bernerus a Monk of Rheims is sent to re-establish the Monastical Discipline in the Monastery of Humblieres A Council held at Mouzon in the month of January A Council at Ingelheim June 7. A Council at Trier in favour of Artoldus A Council at London under Elred K. of England  949 IV. XXXIX XIII The death of Lotharius King of Italy Berenger causes himself to be crown'd K. of Italy with his Son Adalbert  A Council at Rome which confirm'd that of Ingelheim in favour of Artoâ—dus  950 V. XL. XIV Adelaida the Widow of Lotharius invites Othâ— into Italy The Decree of Pope Agapetus in favour of the Church of Lorch  Siâ—…on Metapâ—rastes Atto Bishop of Verceil Luitprand Bishop of Cremona Utho Bishop of Strasburg Gerard Deaâ— of S. Medâ—rd at Soissons 951 VI. XLI XV.   Joannes Caâ—…ata 952 VII XLII XVI Berenger Adalbert submit to Otho and are re-establish'd in the Kingdom of Italy  A Council at Augsburg Hildebert Archbishop of Mentz Durand Abbot of Cartres John Monk of Cluny Odo Archbishop of Canterbury Bernerus Monk of S. Remy at Rheims 593 VIII XLIII XVII Bruno the Brother of the Emperor Otho is ordain'd Archbishop of Cologn Ratherius is made Bishop of Liege The Council of S. Thierry Bruno Archbishop of Cologn 954 IX XLIV XVIII Lewis King of France dies Octob. 15. and Lotharius his Son succeeds him The death of Alberic who was Governor of Rome William the Son of Otho the Great is elected Archbishop of Mentz  William Archbishop of Mentz 955 X. The death of Agapetus Octavian Son of Alberic gets possession of the See of Rome and is nam'd John XII XLV XIX Lotharius K. of France gives the Dutchies of Burgundy and Aquitain to Hugh the white Duke of France the Father of Hugh Capet Ratherius turn'd out of the Bishoprick of Liege and Baudry set in his place The death of Elred King of England whom Edwin the Son of Edmund succeeds and after him his Brother Edgar   956 II. XLVI XX. The death of Hugh the white Duke of France Theophylact Patriarch of Constantinople dies and a certain Monk nam'd Polyeuctes is substituted in his room  S. Ulrie Bishop of Augsburg Edgar King of England 957 III. XLVII XXI    958 IV. XLVIII XXII    959 V. XLIX XXIII Hugh Capet declar'd D. of France by King Lotharius who also gives him Poitou    960 VI. L. Constantine dies and his Son Romanus succeeds him I. XXIV   Nico preaches in Armenia and composes a Treatise of the Religion of the Armenians Thierry or Theodoric Archbishop of Trier The death of Attâ— Bishop of Vâ—â—ceil 961 VII II. XXV Otho marches into Italy and Berenger being abandon'd retires to certain Forts The death of Artoldus Archbishop of Rheims The Election of Odalric to that Arch-bishoprick  The death of Odo Archbishop of Canterbury S. Dunstan Arch-bishop of Canterbury 962 VIII III. XXVI Otho enters Rome in the end of the year and is crown'd Emperor by John XII Ratherius is restor'd to the Bishoprick of Verona and holds a Synod for the Instruction of his Clergy A Council held in the Diocess of Meaux Witichindus a Monk of Corbie in Saxony Abbo Abbot of Fleury Adso Abbot of Luxueil 963 IX John XII revolts against Otho is depos'd in a Council at Rome and Leo VIII is substituted in his room Some time after the Romans take up Arms against Otho but he reduces them to his Obedience I. IV. Romanus dies Nice-phorus Phocus is proclaim'd Emperor by the Army I. XXVII  A Council at Rome held in the Month of August
by Pope Urban but his Residence in that City being inconvenient by reason of the excessive Heats he retir'd to a Village near Capua where the Pope soon gave him a Visit upon his arrival at the Siege of Capua which Place was invested by Roger Duke of Apulia After the raising of the Siege the Pope held a Council at Bari in which St. Anselm assisting disputed earnestly against the Greeks about the Procession of the Holy Ghost and entreated the Pope and the Bishops not to excommunicate the King of England When the Council was concluded he accompany'd the Pope to Rome and some Days after the King of England to whom Urban had written that he ought to re-establish St. Anselm in his Metropolitan See sent thither an Ambassador who obtain'd a Demurrer till the Festival of St. Michael St. Anselm being inform'd of the matter determin'd to go to Lyons but the Pope oblig'd him to stay in order to be present in a Council which was to be held at Easter in the Year 1099. Thus he resided during six Months at Rome and was very highly esteem'd in that City The Writer of his Life observes that certain English Men who came to visit him being desirous to Kiss his Feet as it was usually done to the Pope's he would not sufâ—er them to do it and that the Pope admir'd his Humility in that particular Lastly St. Anselm having assisted in the Council of Rome A. D. 1099. in which Laicks who took upon them to give Investitures and those Clergy-men who receiv'd them from their Hands were excommunicated he took leave of the Pope and retir'd to Lyons where within a little while after he was inform'd of the Death of Urban II. and afterward of that of William II. King of England which happen'd in the Month of August A. D. 1100. Henry I. his Successor immediately recall'd St. Anselm to England where he was no sooner arriv'd but he had new contests with that Prince about the Investitures and the Oaths of Allegeance and Supremacy which he refus'd to take Forasmuch as this Affair was regulated at Rome it was requisite that the King should make application to that Court to endeavour to cause the Resolution which had been taken there to be chang'd However St. Anselm reâ—us'd to ordain the Bishops who had receiv'd Investiture from the King and nothing could be obtain'd from Rome Afterward this Arch-bishop being perswaded by the King to take a Journey to Rome to find out some Expedients for the adjusting of that Affair went thither accompany'd with an Ambassador Upon their Arrival the Matter was debated A. D. 1105. in the presence of Pope Paschal II. to whom the Ambassador peremptorily declar'd That the King his Master would sooner be prevail'd upon to part with his Kingdom than with his right to the Investitures The Pope reply'd That he would sooner lose his Life than suffer him to retain it However at last it was agreed upon That the King of England should enjoy certain Privileges which were in his possession but that he should lay no manner of claim to the Investitures Therefore the Excommunication which he was suppos'd to have incurr'd by granting the Investiture of Benefices was taken off but it was ordain'd That those Persons who had receiv'd them from his Hands should remain excommunicated for some time and that the giving them Absolution for that Offence should be reserv'd to St. Anselm The Affair being thus determin'd the Ambassador and St. Anselm set forward in their Journey but when they were arriv'd near Lyons the Ambassador declar'd to him in his Master's name that he was forbidden to return to England unless he would promise him to submit to the Custom which prevail'd in that Kingdom without having any regard to what had been ordain'd to the contrary by the Pope St. Anselm refusing to enter into such an Engagement stay'd some time at Lyons and having pass'd from thence into Normandy at last came to an Accommodation with the King of England on condition that the Churches which King William II. had first made subject to the Payment of a certain Tax should be exempted from it and that his Majesty should restore what he had exacted of the Clergy and every thing that was taken from the Church of Canterbury during the exile of the Arch-bishop After this Agreement which was concluded A. D. 1106. between the King and the Arch-bishop at Bec Abbey St. Anselm return'd to England was re-establish'd in his Arch-bishoprick and enjoy'd it peaceably till his Death which happen'd three Years after in the 16th since his advancement to that Dignity and the 76th of his Age A. D. 1109. St. Anselm is no less famous for his Learning and the great number of his Writings than for his Conduct and the Zeal he shew'd in maintaining the Rights of the Church The largest Edition of his Works is the last published by Father Gerberon and it is that which we shall follow being divided into three Parts The First of these containing Dogmatical Treatises bears the Title of Monologia that is to say a Treatise of the Existence of God of his Attributes and of the Holy Trinity It is so call'd by reason that it is compos'd in form of the Meditations of a Man who reasons with himself to find out Divine Truths and who explains them accordingly as they are discover'd by him It is a very subtil Work and contains a great Number of Metaphysical Arguments He continues to Treat of the same Subject and observes the same method of Writing in the Prostogia where the Person who reason'd with himself in the first Work making his Addresses to God Discourses of his Existence Justice Wisdom Immensity Eternity and of his being the Summum Bonum or Soveraign Good A certain Monk nam'd Gaunilon having perus'd this Treatise could not approve the Argument which St. Anselm makes use of therein to prove the Existence of God taken from the Idea of a most perfect Being We have says he at least the Idea of a most perfect Being therefore this Being of necessity Exists Gaunilon not being able to comprehend this Argument which seems to be a Sophism or meer Fallacy to those who are not endu'd with a sound and penetrating Judgment to discern the force of it wrote a small Tract on purpose to refute it in which he objects every thing that is most subtil and plausible to overthrow this Ratiocination St. Anselm return'd a very solid Answer in which he enervates his Adversary's Objections and makes it appear that his Argument is Rational and Convincing The Treatise of Faith of the Holy Trinity and of the Incarnation Dedicated to Pope Urban II. was written against a French Clergy-man nam'd Rocselin Tutor to Abaelard who undertook to prove That the three Persons of the Trinity are three different Things because otherwise it might be said That the Father and the Holy Ghost were Incarnate St. Anselm being as yet Abbot of Bec began a Treatise to confute
separately and is also to be found among the Historians of Hispania Illustrata Printed at Francfurt A. D. 1603. WILLIAM of APULIA wrote in the end of this Century at the request of Pope Urban II. a Poem on the same Subject Printed separately at Paris in 1652. as also in the Collection of the Historians of Normandy by Du Chesne and in that of the Historiographers of Sicily BERTULPHUS or BERNULPHUS a Priest of Constance besides a Continuation Bertulphus Priest of Constance of Hermannus Contractus's Chronicle and an History of his Time from the Year 1053. to the end of the Century compos'd a Treatise to shew that the Company of excommunicated Persons ought to be avoided and some other small Tracts in favour of Pope Gregory VII which were publish'd by Gretzer in his Apology for Cardinal Bellarmin Printed at Ingolstadt A. D. 1612. NALGOD a Monk of Cluny wrote in the end of the Century the Lives of St. Odo Nalgod Monk of Cluny Othlo Monk of St. Boniface Ingulphus Abbot of Croyland and St. Mayol set forth by the Bollandists and by Father Mabillon OTHLO a Priest and Monk of the Monastery of St. Boniface in Germany is the Writer of the Life of that Saint sometime Arch-bishop of Mentz which was publish'd by Canisius in the fourth Tome of his Antiquities and by Father Mabillon in the second Tome of the third Benedictin Century INGULPHUS an English Man of the City of London the Son of an Officer belonging to King Edward's Court appli'd himself to Study in his Youth and acquir'd so great Reputation for his Learning that William Duke of Normandy passing into England brought him back with his Retinue and made him his principal Minister He undertook a Journey to the Holy Land A. D. 1064. and returning from thence was admitted into the Monastery of Fontanelle of which he was made Prior soon after in 1076. William I. King of England invited him over into this Kingdom and constituted him Abbot of Croyland from whence he had turn'd out Wulketulus but Ingulphus obtain'd leave to retire from that Abbey the History of which he compos'd from A. C. 664. to 1091. It was publish'd by Sir Henry Savil in 1596. and among the Historians of England Printed at London in 1684. This Author died in 1109. THIERRY a Monk of St. Peter at Ghent and afterwards Abbot of St. Trudo in the Thierry Abbot of St. Trudo Diocess of Liege wrote the Lives of St. Bavo St. Trudo St. Rumold and St. Landrada publish'd by Surius Trithemius says That he was likewise the Author of a Life of St. Benedict and of an Account of the Translation of his Body with certain Letters and some other Works in Prose and Verse He flourish'd A. D. 1050. ALPHANUS a Monk of Mount Cassin afterward Abbot of St. Benedict at Salerno Alphanus Arch bishop of Salerno Amatus a Bishop of Italy and at last Bishop of that City from A. D. 1057. to 1086. is reputed to be the Author of divers Hymns in Honour of the Saints and of some other Poetical Pieces referr'd to by Ughellus in the second Tome of Italia Sacra AMATUS a Monk of Mount Cassin and Bishop in Italy although 't is not known of what Church compos'd four Books in Verse dedicated to Pope Gregory VII on the Actions of the Apostles St. Peter and St. Paul and eight Books of the History of the Normans which as they say are kept in Manuscript in the Library of Mount Cassin He likewise wrote certain Poems in commendation of Gregory VII on the Twelve precious Stones of the Breast-plate of the High Priest and on the Celestial Jerusalem HEPIDANNUS a Monk of St. Gall who flourish'd during a considerable part of Hepidannus Monk of St Gall. this Century is the Author of a Chronicle which begins at the Year 709. and ends in 1044. It is inserted in the Collection of the Historians of Germany set forth by Goldastus and Printed at Francfurt in 1606. He likewise compos'd two Books of the Life and Miracles of St. Wiborad dedicated to Ulric Abbot of St. Gall which are referr'd to in the same Place as also by the Bollandists and by Father Mabillon They were written A. D. 1072. and this Author might be Dead in 1080. MARIANUS a Scotch-man or Irish-man by Nation related to Venerable Bede if Marianus Scotus we may give Credit to Matthew of Westminster was born A. D. 1028. turn'd Monk in 1052. pass'd over into Germany in 1058. was ten Years a Recluce in the Monastery of Fulda and spent the rest of his Life at Mentz where he died in 1086. He compos'd a Chronicle from the Creation of the World to A. D. 1083. in which he follow'd Cassiodorus It was continu'd to the Year 1200. by Dodechin Abbot of St. Dysibod in the Diocess of Trier and was Printed in several Places more especially among the German Historians LAMBERT of ASCHAFFEMBURG assum'd the Monastick Habit in the Lambert Monk of Hirsfeldt Convent of Hirsfeldt under the Abbot Meginher A. D. 1058. was ordain'd Priest the same Year by Lupold Arch-bishop of Mentz and soon after undertook a Journey to Jerusalem without the Knowledge of his Abbot from whence he return'd the next Year He compos'd an Historical Chronology from the Creation of the World to A. D. 1077. which is only an Epitome of general History to the Year 1050. and a particular History of Germany of a competent largeness from that Year to 1077. This Work is written with a great deal of Accuracy and Elegancy and there are few German Authors who have shew'd so much Politeness in their Writings It was Printed separately at Tubingen in 1533. and also among the Historians of Germany ADAM a Canon of Bremen in the Year 1077. compos'd four Books of the Ecclesiastical History of his Church in which he treats of the original and propagation of the Adam Canon of Bremen Christian Religion in the Diocesses of Bremen and Hamburg from the time of the Emperor Charlemagne to that of Henry IV. He has annex'd at the end a small Treatise of the situation of Denmark and other Northern Kingdoms of the Nature of those Countries and of the Religion and Manners of the Inhabitants The whole Work was publish'd by Lidembrocius and Printed at Hanaw A. D. 1579. at Leyden in 1595. and afterwards at Helmstadt in 1670. Sigebert and Trithemius make mention of a Benedictin Monk of Mets nam'd ALBERT Albert a Benedictin Monk of Mets. Anselm a Benedictin Monk of Rheims Gonthier Monk of S. Amand. who wrote certain Works and among others an History of his Time dedicated to the Bishop of that Diocess They likewise take notice of another Benedictin Monk of the City of Rheims nam'd ANSELM who compos'd an Historical Account of the Voyage of Pope Leo IX to France of the Synods he held there and of other Affairs transacted by him in that Kingdom This Piece was call'd Pope Leo's Itinerary Lastly Sigebert
lawful Pope VIII VI. Guibert Grand Lord of Parma and Chancellor to Henry Emperor of Germany is ordain'd Archbishop of Ravenna A Council at Mantua  in the Council of Mantua and pardons Cadalous who dies a little while after      1065 IV. IX VII The Heresy of the Nicolaitans condemn'd in two Councils held at Rome A Council at Rome Another Council at Rome A Council at Elna in Roussillon Lanfranc 1066 V. X. VIII John Xiphylin is chosen Patriarch of Constantinople instead of Constantin Lichudes The Charters of Edward King of England for authorizing the Confirmation of the Privileges of the Church of Westminster which was granted by the Popes Leo IX and Nicolas II. William Duke of Normandy passes over into England and defeats Harald who had taken Possession of the Throne after the death of King Edward   1067 VI. XI IX Constantin Ducas dies leaving 3 Children and his Wife Eudoxia who takes upon her the Administration of the Government    1068 VII XII II. Eudoxia marries Romanus Diogenes who is proclaim'd Emperor I. Peter Damian is sent Legat into Germany to hinder the Emperor Henry from divorcing Bertha his Wife Marianus Scotus who liv'd as a Recluse in the Monastery of Fulda goes to Mentz to end his Life there in the same Quality   1069 VIII XIII II. The death of Maurillus Archbishop of Rouen Lanfranc refuses to accept of that Archbishoprick which is obtain'd by John de Bayeux Bishop of Auranchez Lanfranc goes to Rome to cause that Translation to be ratify'd and to get the Pall for the same Archbishop The Emperor Henry endeavours to get himself divorc'd from Bertha in the Council of Mentz but is oppos'd by Peter Damian the Pope's Legat. A Council at Mentz The death of Evershelm Abbot of Aumont 1070 IX XIV III. Lanfranc is oblig'd to accept of the Archbishoprick of Canterbury The Pope gives leave to Gebehard Archbishop of Saltzburg to erect a Bishoprick in his Province A Council at Windsor Benno Cardinal 1071 X. XV. IV. Romanus Diogenes is taken Prisoner by the Turks and Michael the Son of Constantin Ducas is proclaim'd Emperor Diogenes being deliver'd has his Eyes put out by Michael's Order and dies a little while after Charles nominated by the Emperor Henry to the Bishoprick of Constance not being able to get Ordination by reason of Simoniacal Practices resigns his Ring and Crosier-staff to the Emperor in the Council of Mentz A Council at Mentz A Council held at Winchester this year Theophylact. 1072 XI XVI II. Peter Damian is sent by the Pope to Ravenna to take off the Excommunication denounc'd against that City by reason of the Contests which the Bishop of that Diocess had with the See of Rome A Council at Rouen Hepidannus writes two Books of the Life and Miracles of St. Wiborada 1073 XII Alexander dies April 22. and Hildebrand is chosen in his place on the same day He is ordain'd Priest and consecrated Pope under the Name of Gregory 7th in the Month of June I. XVII III. William Archbishop of Auche and Pontius Bishop of Beziers are depos'd by Gerald Cardinal of Ostia the Pope's Legat for having voluntarily communicated with certain Persons who lay under a Sentence of Excommunication Pope Alexander confirms the Settlement of a Convent of Regular Canons made by Altman Bishop of Passaw Dominic Patriarch of Venice is deputed by Pope Gregory to negotiate at Constantinople about the Re-union of the Greek and Latin Churches Pope Gregory's Decree against Persons guilty of Simony and against Clerks who marry or keep Concubines Letters written by the same Pope to the Bishops and Princes about putting that Decree in execution Other Letters by Gregory against Godfrey Archbishop of Milan and the Bishops of Lombardy who were excommunicated for their Simoniacal Practices But they were protected by Henry Emperor of Germany which gave occasion to the Dissensions that afterward broke forth between that Prince and the Pope A Council at Erford The death of Peter Damian on Febr. 23. Robert de Tombalene Abbot of St. Vigor William Abbot of St. Arnulphus at Metz. Hugh Bp. of Die Anselm Bishop of Lucca Manasses Arch-bishop of Rheims 1073   Anselm who succeeded Pope Alexander II. in the Bishoprick of Lucca but repenting that he had receiv'd the Investiture of that Bishoprick from the Emperor Henry IV. retir'd to the Monastery of Cluny from whence he was recall'd by the Pope to govern his Bishoprick Landric Arch-deacon of Autun is chosen Bishop of Mascon and consecrated the next Year by the Pope the Bishops of France not daring to ordain him The Pope's Complaints and Menaces against Philip I. King of France Pope Gregory lays claim to Spain and by vertue of it gives to Ebol Count of Rocey all the Countries that he could wrest out of the Hands of the Saracens on condition that he should hold them of the Holy See and should pay him a certain Tribute He exacts an Oath of Allegiance of Landulphus Duke of Benevento and of Richard Duke of Capua He promises the Pall to Bruno Bishop of Verona provided he come to Rome to receive it there in Person He confirms all the Privileges granted by Alexander II. to Wradislaâ—s Duke of Bohemia Jeromir Bishop of Prague is suspended and depriv'd of the Revenues of his Church by the Pope's Legats for opposing their reception in Bohemia A Contest between the same Bishop of Prague and the Bishop of Moravia for the possession of certain Territories The Pope's Remonstrance to the Inhabitants of Carthage some of whom had deliver'd up Cyriacus their Bishop into the Hands of the Saracens    1074 II. XVIII IV. Garnier Bishop of Strasburg excommunicated for Simoniacal Practices is absolv'd in the Council of Rome Hugh is ordain'd Bishop of Die by the Pope in that Council A Decree against Investitures made by the Pope in the same Council according to the Relation of some Authors Robert Guiscard Duke of Apulia is excommunicated in the same Council of Rome The Agreement between the Bishops of Prague and Moravia confirm'd by the Pope's Bull dated March 2. William Archbishop of Auche and Pontius Bishop of Beziers restor'd to their respective Sees The Pope reproves the Inhabitants of Ragusa for imprisoning Vitalis their Bishop and substituting another in his room He summons both the Bishops to Rome if the A Council at Rouen A Council at Rome Another at Poitiers A Council held at Erford in the Month of Octob.  1074   Matter cannot be determin'd by his Legat in that City The Pope's Legats sent to the Emperor Henry about the Affair of the Bishops of Lombardy The Contest between those Legats and Sigefred Archbishop of Mentz about the Right of calling a Council which the Archbishop claim'd as Vicar of the Holy See The Legats return'd without any effect of their Negotiation The first Project of a Crusade form'd by the Pope The Pope's Letters to divers
conspires with the Bishops of Lombardy against the See of Rome ibid. He is protected by the Emperor who still holds Communion with him ibid. His Successor settled in that Arch-bishoprick notwithstanding the Pope's Opposition 37. Godfrey Marquess of Toscany Peter Damian's Re-monstrances to that Prince 91 and 98. The Errors of two of his Chaplains confuted by the latter 84 85 and 89. A Favour which Peter Damian begg'd of the same Prince 90. The time of his Death 39. Grada of the Dignity of that Church 80. That Dignity contested by Peter of Antioch ibid. His Metropolitical Right established in a Council 25. Greek Church the Reproaches that the Greeks put upon the Latins 76 77 78 and 81. Their Answer to those Censures 76 77 and 82. The Accusations brought by the Latins against the Greeks 77 and sequ Greeks driven out of Part of Italy by the Normans 23. And lose their Territories and Estates in that Country 52. Gregory VI. aspires to the Papal Dignity by the means of Simoniacal Practices 24. He is depos'd and banish'd ibid. Gregory VII made Pope by the People of Rome without consulting the Cardinals Clergy and Emperor 32. A pleasant Repartee made by Desiderius Abbot of Mount Caffin upon occasion of his precipitate Election ibid. His great Undertakings during his Popedom 33. His Contests with the Emperor Henry IV. ibid. and sequ The Opposition that his Decree against Simoniacal and Incontinent Clergy men met with 36. A cruel Outrage to hinder the Effect of that Decree ibid. His Constancy in causing it to be put in Execution ibid. The first Project he made of a Crusade 54. Confederacies made against him 38. He is depos'd in a Council ibid. The Cause of those Proceedings against him ibid. He deposes and excommunicates the Emperor Henry as well as those who assisted in that Council 39. He proposes the Election of another Emperor of Germany 40. The Conditions upon which he is willing to grant Absolution to Henry 41. He contributes to the chusing of Radulphus Duke of Suabia in his place 42. The Measures taken by him in order to compose the Differences between the two Contenders ibid. and sequ He denounces another Sentence of Excommunication against Henry and his Adherents 45. He himself is depos'd again in a Council and Guilbert Archbishop of Ravenna is substituted in his room ibid. He is reconcil'd with the Duke of Apulia ibid. and obtains Succours of him 46. His Contests with Philip King of France 48. The Reproaches and Threats he put upon that Prince ibid. He endeavours to get a Tribute from the Kingdom of France and from divers other Estates of Europe 49 50 and sequ He grants a Protection to Berenger Arch-Deacon of Anger 's 11. He is accus'd to be a Favourer of his Opinions ibid. The time when this Pope died 47. See Hild-brand Gregory the Antipope expell'd by the Emperor 23. Guizilon Archbishop of Mentz why depos'd and excommunicated 71. Guilbert the Antipope when ordain'd Arbishop of Ravenna 29. He creates much trouble to Gregory VII and is excommunicated by that Pope 37 and 38. He is advanc'd to the Popedom under the Name of Clement III. after the deposing of Gregory in a Council 45. When ordain'd 46. He crowns the Emperor Henry ibid. Ecommunications publish'd and often re-itered against him and his Adherents 47 69 and 72. He sometimes becomes Master of the City of Rome and is sometimes expell'd from thence 69 and 70. Guiscard Robert Duke of Apulia His Conquests in Italy 53. He is excommunicated in a Council by Pope Gregory VII 35 and 53. The Reasons that induc'd Gregory to be reconcil'd with him 45 46. The Conditions of that Agreement ibid. The Advantages which the Duke obtain'd by that meanâ— bid The Succours he sent to the Pope 46 and 53. His Exploits in Greece 54. Guy Archbishop of Vienna the sending him in Quality of Legat into England look'd upon as an unheard of Innovation 56. Guy Archbishop of Milan A Constitution made by that Archbishop by the Advice of Peter Damian for the Reforming of the Clergy of Milan 93. H HAbits Sacerdotal those of Priests and Deacons during the Celebration of the Mass 123 and 124. Hair An Ordinance against the wearing of long Hair 76. Another for cutting the Hair short 123. Hallelujah A Censure pass'd by the Greeks upon the Latins because they do not sing Hallelujah in Lent 76. A Reply to that Censure 77. Hanno Archbishop of Colen See Anno. Happiness That there is no perfect Happiness in this World 98. Harold King of Norway An Admonition given him by Pope Alexander 29. Henry II. Emperor of Germany crown'd at Rome with the Empress his Wife 23. The time of his Death ibid. Henry III. Emperor when he succeeded Conrad his Father 24. He causes three Popes to be depos'd in divers Synods ibid. He is crown'd by Clement II. ibid. The time of his Death 26. Henry IV. Emperor chosen at the Age of five Years and put under the Protection of the See of Rome 26 and 33. His Demeanour during his Minority ibid. His Conduct when grown up to Man's Estate ibid. A Proposal made that he should be diverc'd from his Wife 121. The Cause and Effects of the Revolt of the Saxons against that Prince 33. His Quarrels with Pope Gregory VII ibid. and sequ The Original of those Feuds ibid. and 34. His Enterprizes against the Pope 37 and 38. He is depos'd and excommunicated by the Pope 39. He is very submissive to the Assembly of Oppenheim 40. His Endeavours to procure Absolution from the Pope ibid. and 41. On what Conditions he obtains it 41. He repents of having taken such Measures and falls out with the Pope ibid. and 42. He makes War with Radulphus his Competitor 42. The hazard he run of losing his Life 43. The Advantages he gain'd in Germany ibid. 44 and 46. He is excommunicated and depos'd a second time by Gregory VII 45. He causes that Pope to be depos'd in a Council and Guibert Arch-bishop of Ravenna to be chosen in his Place 45. His Letter upon that Occasion ibid. He defeats Radulphus in a Battel who dies a little while after 46. He besieges Rome several times and at last having taken that City causes himself to be crown'd therein ibid. and 53 He is oblig'd to depart thence and to return to Germany to make head against a new Competitor ibid. He takes Augsburg and punishes the Rebels 46 47. He causes an Accommodation to be set on foot with Robert Guiscard Duke of Apulia 53. His Son Conrad revolts against him 70. The Sentence of Excommunication denounc'd against that Emperor renew'd in divers Councils 71 73 and 74. Henry I. King of England his Contest with the Pope and St. Anselm about the Right of Investitures 93. Henry Bishop of Spire accused of Simony and cited to Rome 35 36. He is suspended 36. Herbert Bishop of Norwich for what Reason reproved by Lanfrank 16. Hereticks Certain new Hereticks discover'd at Orleans
to endure all manner of hardship in his Service The Fifty third is a Circular Letter to all the Bishops of England written in the Name of Richard Arch-bishop of Canterbury and Primate of the Kingdom in which he enjoyns them not to suffer Persons whose Ordination is not valid to exercise the Episcopal Functions in their Diocesses and to denounce a Sentence of Excommunication against those who forge the Pope's Bulls or counterfeit the Seals of the Bishops In the Fifty fourth he advises the Arch-deacon of Poitiers not to compel Adelicia his Niece to become a Nun because the Monastick State ought not to be embrac'd with less freedom than that of Marriage In the Fifty fifth he congratulates Adelicia upon the desire she express'd to take the Vail and in regard that she had actually made a Vow to that purpose and exhorts her to put so laudable a Design in execution with all convenient speed In the Fifty sixth he endeavours to divert Walter Bishop of Rochester from the strong Inclination he had to Hunting In the Fifty seventh Letter directed to one of his Friends a Monk of the Abbey of Aulnay in Normandy who expected to be deliver'd from Temptations immediately after his admittance into a Religious Order he treats of the continual Conflict between the Flesh and the Spirit and sends him a Prose or Sermon on that Subject In the Fifty eighth he complains to Renaud Bishop of Bath by reason that the latter had suspended his Vice-Arch-deacon without dispatching any Canonical Monitions before-hand and to the prejudice of a Privilege that was granted him in the Council of Lateran that he should not be excommunicated nor any Person that belong'd to him by any Bishop and declares that he had so much the greater reason to take it ill in regard that that which gave occasion to those rigorous Proceedings was only a small sum of Money that was due to the Bishop and that he had already given Orders for the payment of it In the Fifty ninth he exhorts that Bishop to be reconciled with a certain Person nam'd Henry and to turn one Simon out of his Company who was a dangerous Flatterer and a Sycophant In the Sixtieth he approves the Complaints made by one of his Friends who was much offended that the Bishops should enrich their Nephews with the Church-Revenues instead of maintaining the Poor He observes that that was no new Disorder and that Poverty ought to be preferr'd before Riches In the Sixty first he disswades an Arch-Deacon from the exercise of Hunting In the Sixty second he writes in the Name of Geffrey Bishop of Lincoln to one Le Blond whom he reproves for his Disobedience in leaving that Bishop to follow divers Employments and forbids him to oppose the Interest of the Arch-bishop of Canterbury The Sixty third is a Letter of Thanks to Peter Bishop of Arras The Sixty fourth is written in the Name of Gautier Arch-bishop of Roan and of the Bishops of Normandy to Pope Celestin III. to entreat his Holiness to use his utmost endeavours to procure the deliverance of Richard King of England who was taken Prisoner at his return from the Holy Land by the Duke of Austria The Sixty fifth is written against the Superstitions of those who pretend to fore-tell future Events by Dreams or by other means of the like nature In the Sixty sixth he congratulates Gautier Arch-bishop of Palermo upon his promotion to that Dignity He gives that Prelat a Character of Henry II. King of England and clears him from the Murder of Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury In the Sixty seventh he proves by many Reasons to King Henry II. that he ought to cause his Son to apply himself to Study The Sixty eighth is written in the Name of Richard Arch-bishop of Canterbury to Pope Alexander III. against the Abbot of Malmesbury who endeavour'd to withdraw himself from the Jurisdiction of his Bishop He declames in that Letter against the Privileges that are granted at Rome to the Abbots for Money which gives them occasion to insult over their Primates and Diocesans to lose the Respect they ought to have for them and by degrees to shake off the Yoke of Obedience which was formerly the only means to reclaim them and to restrain their Ambition The Abbots says he cannot endure to have a Superior set over them to reform the Abuses committed by them They would willingly have an absolute power to do every thing with impunity and neglect the Monastical Discipline to gratify their unruly Passions Upon which account it is that almost all the Revenues of the Monasteries are left at Rack and Manger and are liable to be pillag'd by every Invader For on the one side the Abbots mind nothing else but following their Pleasures and are intent only on making good Cheer and on the other side the Monks being as it were destitute of a Head spend their Life in Idleness and continual Quarrels The mischief adds he requires a speedy remedy for if it be not timely apply'd 't is to be fear'd lest as the Abbots shake off the Yoke of the Bishops so the latter should throw off that of the Arch-bishops and the Deans and Arch-Deacons should likewise find means to exempt themselves from the Jurisdiction of their Diocesans Alass what form of Justice is this or rather what manner of deformity of the Law to hinder Pupils from hearkening to their Tutors Children from obeying their Parents Soldiers from serving their Prince and Servants from submitting to their Masters What is it to free Abbots from the Jurisdiction of their Bishop unless it be to authorize Disobedience and Rebellion and to arm Children against their Father 'T is their Office who sit as supreme Judges to determine this Case and to take care lâ—st unjust Actions should take their rise from the Courts of Judicature where application is made for the redressing of Grievances In the Sixty ninth Letter directed to Radulphus Bishop of Anger 's he laments the Failings of the Inhabitants of that City who had abandon'd King Henry II. in the War that he maintain'd against his Son In the Seventieth he advises John Bishop of Chartres rather to bestow Benefices on his Nephews who were upright and poor Men than on Foreigners who are not so worthy of them The Two following Letters contain nothing remarkable The Seventy third written in the Name of Richard Arch-bishop of Canterbury to all the Bishops of England is against a Custom that prevail'd in that Kingdom only to punish with Excommunication those who assassinated Bishops and other Clergy-men whereas capital Punishments were inflicted on other Murderers The following Letters to the Eighty second comprehend nothing very remarkable relating to Church-Discipline In the Eighty second directed under the Name of Richard Arch-bishop of Canterbury to the Cistercian Monks after having commended that Order he takes notice of one Fault committed by them which is their refusing to pay Tithes to Clerks and Monks He
of la Cava quitted that Dignity 3 Months after to become a Hermit Maginulphus who succeeded him under the Name of Sylvester IV. died a little after Henry IV. Emperor XLIV Philip I. K. of France in the 40th Year of his Reign William Rufus King of England and Robert his Brother Duke of Normandy William is kill'd in hunting and Henry the youngest of the Three Brothers succeeds him in the Kingdom of England Alexis Comnenus XX. Hugh Abbot of Flavigny who was expell'd by his Monks is restor'd to his Abbey by the Council of Valence A Council at Valence held in the Month of September A Council at Poitiers assembled on the Octave of St. Martin in which Philip I. King of France is excommunicated A Council at Etampes in which Philip Bishop of Troyes is cited A Council at Anse in which 't is debated concerning the Pilgrimage to the Holy Land St. Bruno Leo Cardinal Deacon Robert Monk of St. Remy Domnizon Ives of Chartres Marbodus Bishop of Rennes Bruno Bishop of Segni 1101 II. XLV The Death of Conrad Son of the Emperor Henry XXI Leo of Marsi Bishop of Sessa is made Cardinal Bishop of Ostia St. Bruno dies on the 6th of October and Lauduinus succeeds him in the Priory of La Grande Chartreuse  Leo of Marfâ— Cardinal Bishop of Ostia Geffrey Abbot of Vendome Hildebert Bishop of Mans. 1102 III. XLVI Lewes the Gross made King of France in his Father's life-time assumes the Administration of the Government The Emperor Henry obliges himself by a Vow to take a Journey to Jerusalem XXII The Pope abolishes the Bishoprick of Lavello and confirms the Rights of the Church of Melfi A Council at Rome in which the Emperor Henry IV. is Excommunicated A Council at London Baudry Bishop of Noyon Sigebert a Monk of Gemblours 1103 IV. XLVII Robert Duke of Normandy is depriv'd of his Dukedom and taken Prisoner by his Brother Henry who causes his Eyes to be put out He dies in Prison XXIII Gauterius is made Bishop of Maguelone in Languedoc   1104 V. XLVIII XXIV Godfrey Abbot of Nogent is chosen Bishop of Amiens in the Council of Troyes and Guibert succeeds him in that Abby The Privileges of the Church of St. Peter of Troyes and the Abbey of Molesme are confirm'd in the same Council A Council at Troyes held the 27th of March where Hubert Bishop of Senlis being accus'd of Simony clears himself by Oath A council at Beaugency July the 30th concerning the Divorce of King Philip from Bertrade Rainoldus of Semur Arch-bishop of Lyons Guibert Abbot of Nogent 1105 VI. XLIX Henry 5th having Revolted against his Father is Receiv'd and Proclaim'd King by the Saxons He feigns a Reconciliation with his Father whom he afterwards causes to be Imprison'd in the Castle of Bingen and thence to be convey'd to Ingelheim where he makes his escape and retires to Liege XXV Henry V. banishes Erlong Bishop of Wurtzburg and Substitutes Robert in his Place Henry IV. being again Excommunicated in the Council of Mentz is forced at Ingelheim to Abdicate the Empire and on his Knees to implore Absolution of Bishop Albanus the Pope's Legat who denies it him and refers him to the Pope His Son Henry is Proclaim'd and Crown'd King of Germany in the same Council Henry IV. being retir'd to Liege causes a Declaration there to be publish'd to which his Son returns an Answer Odo Abbot of St. Martin at Tournay is made Bishop of Cambray but afterwards Expell'd his Bishoprick for refusing to admit the Emperor's Investiture An Assembly at Northausen May the 29th A Council at Paris November the 2d where K Philip and Bertrade are Divorc'd after having solemnly sworn to live separately A Council at Mentz held in the end of the Year against the Emperor Henry IV. Philippus Solitarius a Greek Monk Composes his Dioptron or Rule of a Christian Life Odo Bishop of Cambray 1106 VII The Pope comes into France to implore the King's Protection against the Emperor I. Henry V. succeeds his Father Henry IV. who died at Liege August 7. XXVI The Inhabitants at Liege to obtain Pardon of the new Emperor are oblig'd to dig out the dead Body of Henry IV. which is transported to Spire and laid in a Stone Coffin without the Church The Decrees against the Investitures are renew'd in the Council of Guastalla The Pope takes away from the Metropolitan See of Ravenna the Suffragan Diocesses of Aemilia in the same Council as a punishment for their Defection Gillebert or Gilbert sir-nam'd Crispin is Install'd Abbot of Westminster in this Year Petrus Alphonsus a Spanish Jew is Converted to the Christian Religion Baptiz'd at Huesca and held at the Font by Alphonsus King of Spain A Council at Guastalla Octob. 19. under Paschal II. in which are regulated Matters relating to the Churches of Germany and Lombardy that were engag'd in the Schism Gilbert Crispin Abbot of Westminster Petrus Alphonsus a Converted Jew 1107 VIII II. The Death of Edgar K. of Scotland XXVII The Deputies of the Assembly of Mentz enter into Conference with the Pope at Châlons about the Affair of the Investitures but nothing is concluded therein The Emperor sends an Envoy to the Council of Troyes which allows him a Years space to be in a capacity to plead his own Cause in Person at Rome in a General Council An Assembly at Mentz held in the beginning of the Year about the Investitures A Conncil at Troyes in Champagne held by Pope Paschal on the Festival of the Ascension concerning the Investitures and against Simony Stephen Abbot of St. James at Liege The Death of Manasses Arch-bishop of Rheims 1108 IX III. The Death of Philip K. of Fr. on July 26. Lewes the Gross his Son Crown'd at Orleans 5 days after XXIX Rodulphus is chosen Abbot of St. Trudo after the Death of Thierry  Anselm Dean of Laon. William de Champeaux Stephen Harding Abbot of Chichester 1109 X IV. XXIX   The Death of St. Hugh Abbot of Cluny April 30th The Death of Rainoldus of Semur Archbishop of Lyons 1110 XI V. Henry V. comes into Italy He is crowned King of Lombardy at Milan by the Archbishop Chysolanus XXX The Heretick Henry who began to Dogmatize in Proâ—ence with Peter de Bruis and passed from thence to Lausanna arrives this Year at Mans where he divulges his Errors for some time and whence he is at last Expell'd by Bishop Hildebert Guigue de Castre succeeds John in the Priory of la Grande Chartreuse An Assembly at Ratisbon held in the beginning of the Year in which the Emperor declares that he is resolv'd to go to Rome there to receive the Imperial Crown and to accommodate the Difference between him and the Pope A Council in Ireland held by Gilbert Bishop of Limerick the Pope's Legate to regulate the Limits of the Bishopricks of that Kingdom Anscherus Abbot of St. Riquier writes this Year the Life and Miracles of St. Angilbert Theofredus Abbot
relief of the Holy Land A Fast appointed by this Pope during five Years on all the Fridays from Advent till Christmass with abstaining from Flesh on Wednesdays and Saturdays Robert de Bar succceeds Peter de Celles in the Bishoprick of Chartres  Theorianus Hugo Etherianus Robertus Paululus Gervase a Priest of Chichester Odo Abbot of Bel. Cardinal Laborant Geffrey Prior of Vigeois Thierry or Theodoric a Monk Joannes Burgundus The Death of Peter de Celles Bishop of Chartres on the 17. day of February 1188 I. After a Vacancy of 20. days CLEMENT III. is Elected in the place of Gregory VIII January 6. XXXVII III. Philip Augustus King of France imposes a Tax in his Kingdom for his Voyage to the Levant which is call'd by the Name of Saladin's Tithes   1189 II. XXXVIII Henry II. King of England dies and Richard his Son succeeds him The Kings of England and France set forward in their Journey to the Holy Land The Queen Mother and her Brother William of Champagne Cardinal Archbishop of Rheims obtain the Government of France during the King's absence William the Good King of Sicily dies without Issue Constance his Aunt the Wife of Henry the Son of the Emperor lays claim to the Succession but Tancred the Natural Brother of the Princess gets possession of the Kingdom IV. William Bishop of Ely and Legate of the See of Rome in England is made Regent of the Kingdom during the absence of King Richard who is about to undertake an Expedition to the Holy Land   1190 III. XXXIX The Death of the Emperor Frederick in the Levant His Son Henry IV. succeeds him The Kings of England and France arrive in the Month of August at Messina and reside there above six Months V.   Neophytus John Bishop of Lydda The Death of Richard Prior of Hagulstadt 1191 I. Clement III. dies April 10. and CELESTIN III. is substituted in his place I. Henry is Crown'd Emperor by Pope Celestin and his Wife Constance Empress Richard K. of England takes possession of the Kingdom of Cyprus carries off a rich Booty from thence and gives this Kingdom to Guy of Lusignan in exchange for that of Jerusalem which Richard hop'd ere long to wrest out of the Hands of the Infidels VI. Evrard d'Avesnes Bishop of Tournay dying Peter Chanter of the Church of Paris is chosen in his place but William Archbishop of Rheims opposes this Election and causes Stephen Abbot of St. Genevieve at Paris to be Elected the next Year The taking of the City of Acre by the Christians from the Infidels in the Levant Pope Celestin orders the Bishops of England to Excommunicate all those that shou'd refuse to obey the Bishop of Ely Regent of the Kingdom   1192 II. The Pope Excommunicates the Emperor because he detains Prisoner Richard King of England II. Richard K. of England is taken Prisoner in returning from the Holy Land by Leopold Duke of Austria and deliver'd up to the Emperor Henry who confines him 14 Months During his Imprisonment John his Brother sir-nam'd Without Land gets Possession of the Kingdom of England VII The Pope confirms the Rights and Privileges of the Churches and Kingdom of Scotland The Canonization of St. Ubald Bishop of Eugubio Stephen of Tournay causes his Nephew to be chosen in his place Abbot of St. Genevieve at Paris  Baldwin of Devonshire Archbishop of Canterbury dies in the Levant this Year or in the following 1193 III. III. Philip King of France Marries Batilda according to some Authors or Isemburga as others will have it the Sister of Canutus King of Denmark but is Divorced from her some time after under pretence of being too near a kin VIII George Xiphylin is chosen Patriarch of Constantinople  Demetrius Tornicius writes this Year his Treatise of the Procession of the Holy Ghost 1194 IV. IV. Richard K. of England being released out of Prison resumes the Government of his Kingdom IX The Pope appoints the Bishop of Lincoln to take Cognisance of the Misdemeanors and Crimes committed by Geffrey Archbishop of York Michael de Corbeil Dean of the Church of Paris who had been chosen Patriarch of Jerusalem is made Arch-bishop of Sens.  The Death of Joannes Burgundus or John Burguignon Magistrate of Pisa. 1195 V. V. X. Isaacus Angelus is depos'd and ALEXIS ANGELUS is plac'd on the Imperial Throne I. The Pope Constitutes Hubert Archbishop of Canterbury his Legate in England and enjoyns the Bishops of this Kingdom to submit to his Authority He grants a Commission to Simon Dean of the Church of York to govern that Church and Summons Geffrey who was Archbishop of it to appear at Rome to clear himself there of the Crimes laid to his Charge A Synod at York held in the Month of June A Council at Montpellier in the Month of December Gauterius a Regular Canon of St. Victor Thierry or Theodoric Abbot Ogerus Abbot of Lucedia and of Mount St. Michael Robert de Torigny Otho de St. Blaise John Brompton Abbot of Jorval Lupus Proâ—â—spatus Alulphus Monk of St. Martin at Tâ—â—nay Isaac Abbot of L'Etoile 1196 VI. VI. The Emperor Henry marches into Italy with a numerous Army and makes himself Master of Sicily which belong'd to his Dominions in right of his Wife He treats the Sicilians so cruelly that this Princess Commiserating their Misfortunes constrains her Husband by force to grant 'em a Peace upon reasonable Terms II. Eustach is ordain'd Bishop of Ely in England in the place of William Odo de Sully succeeds Maurice in the Bishoprick of Paris  Henry Abbot of Clairvaux The Death of Maurice de Sully Bishop of Paris September 3. Gilbert of Sempringham Peter Abbot of Clairvaux Garnerius Abbot of Clairvaux Nicolas a Canon of Liege Sibrandus Abbot of Mariegarde 1197 VII The Pope consents that Frederick the Son of the Emperor Henry shou'd be Crown'd King of Sicily for 1000 Marks of Silver to be paid to him and as many to the Cardinals VII The Death of the Emperor Henry at Messina The Right of Succession to the Empire is disputed between Philip the Brother of Henry and Otho Duke of Saxony III. The Archbishop of Messina going to consult the Pope about the deceas'd Emperor who dy'd Excommunicated cannot obtain a License for the Interring of that Prince in Consecrated Ground but with the consent of Richard King of England and after having restor'd the sum of Money that was exacted for his Ransom Jourdain du Hommel is ordain'd Bishop of Lisieux Under his Government the Building of the Cathedral of Lisieux was finish'd and that Church was much enrich'd by the Liberality of this Bishop  Bertrand Abbot of la Chaise-Dieu Radulphus Tortarius Christina a Monk of Clairvaux Gauterius of Chatillon Thomas a Monk of Chichester Garnerius a Monk of St. Victor The Death of Peter Comestor Dean of St. Peter at Troyes Robert of Flamesbury Bartholomew Bishop of Oxford 1198 VIII Celestin III. dies Jan.
Poitiers 73 Walter Cornu Archbishop of Sens. 61 Walter of Exeter a Dominican 79 Walter Mapes Archdeacon of Oxford 58 Wernerus Abbot of St. Blaise 58 Wilbrand of Oldenburgh 58 William Abbot of Andrews 61 William Deacon of Bourges 80 William Bishop of Paris 57 63 William Monk of St. Denis 61 William Monk of St. Martin 73 William Prior of Affighem 77 William the Brittan 61 William of Bresse Archbp. of Sens. 80 William of Chartres 75 William Durant Bp. of Menda 75 76 William Guarron a Franciscan 75 * William de la Mare a Franciscan 76 William of Nangis 61 William the Pilgrim 58 William Perault a Dominican 72 William of Puilanrent 59 William of Rishauger 74 William of Rusbrock 80 William of St. Amour 138 139 c. William of Sanvic 75 * William of Segnelay 57 William of Tripoly 80 An Alphabetical TABLE of the Councils in the Thirteenth Century A. Years Pages ALby 1254 116 Anger 's 1269 122 Anger 's 1279 130 Arles 1234 109 Arles 1260 118 Arles 1275 126 Avignon 1209 91 Avignon 1270 122 Avignon 1282 128 E. BEziers 1233 108 Beziers 1246 115 Beziers 1255 117 Bourdeaux 1255 116 Bourdeaux 1262 119 Bourges 1225 152 Bourges 1276 127 Bourges 1286 133 Buda 1279 129 C. CAnterbury 1295 136 Chateau-Gonthier 1231 107 Chateau-Gonthier 1268 122 Chichester 1289 135 Chichester 1292 125 Clermont 1263 156 Cognac 1238 112 Cognac 1260 118 Cognac 1262 119 Cologn 1260 118 Cologn 1266 120 Cologn 1280 131 156 Compeign 1270 122 Constantinople 1277 83 Constantinople 1284 84 D. DAlmatia 1199 90 Durham 1276 127 E. EXeter 1287 134 L. LAmbeth 1206 90 Lambeth 1261 119 Lambeth 1281 131 Langeis 1278 127 Lateran IV. General 1215 95 Lavaur 1213 151 Laval 1243 114 Lions I. General 1245 114 Lions II. General 1274 123 Lisle in Provence 1288 135 London 1200 90 London 1237 111 London 1268 120 London 1291 136 M. MElun 1216 103 Melun 1232 Â Ments 1225 105 Merton 1300 136 Montilly 1209 150 Montpellier 1215 94 Montpellier 1224 152 Montpellier 1258 117 N. NAntes 1264 119 Narbonne 1207 150 Narbonne 1227 105 Narbonne 1235 110 Nismes 1284 132 Nogarol 1290 135 Nimphea in Bithynia 1233 82 O. OXford 1222 104 P. PAris 1209 144 Paris 1212 92 Paris 1223 152 Paris 1226 152 Poictiers 1280 131 Poictiers 1284 131 Ponteau-de-Mer 1279 128 Q. QUentin 1271 122 R. RAvenna 1286 132 Reading 1279 129 Rennes 1273 122 Rome 1210 2 Roan 1299 136 Ruffec 1258 117 S. SAintz 1298 136 Saltzburgh 1274 125 Saltzburgh 1281 125 Saltzburgh 1291 136 Saumur 1253 115 Saumur 1276 127 Saumur 1294 136 Sens. 1198 89 Sens. 1269 122 T. THolouse 1229 106 Tours 1236 110 Tours 1239 113 Tours 1282 132 V. VAlence in Dauphine 1248 115 Vienna in Austria 1267 120 W. WIrtzburgh 1209 2 Wirtzburgh 1222 3 Wirtzburgh 1287 135 A HISTORY OF THE Controversies in Religion And other AFFAIRS transacted in the CHURCH DURING THE Thirteenth Century CHAP. I. The History of the different Revolutions in the Empire and Italy during the Thirteenth Century THE Affairs of the Church in this Century are so interwoven with those of the Empire that before we can enter upon Ecclesiastical Matters we must lay down a Scheme of the State of Germany and Italy of the principal Revolutions that have happen'd in them and of the scuffles that the Popes had with the Emperors and the Princes of Italy This is what I design to do in this Chapter The Emperor Henry VI. dying at Messina about the end of the year 1197. or as others Contests about the Empire between Philip and Otho will have it at Palermos at the beginning of 1198. left behind him a Son nam'd Frederick of about seven years of Age. Him by his last Will he made Heir and Successor to all his Estates as well as the Empire to which he himself had been chosen some time before by the Princes of Germany He desired the Pope to settle him in the Possession of them and to engage him order'd that he should receive from Frederick for the benefit of the Holy See all those Estates that had belonged to the Princess Mathilda and some other Towns In the mean while he constituted his Brother Philip the Duke of Suabia Regent of the Empire Constantia the Mother of Frederick demanded of the Pope to have him crown'd King of Sicily which was accordingly done but as for the Empire Frederick was not put into possession of it that being disputed by Philip Duke of Suabia who was chosen by the major part of the Electors and crown'd at Mentz by the Bishop of Tarentaise and also Otho Son of Henry Duke of Saxony was elected by the Archbishop of Cologn and some other German Princes to whom the Country of Cologn the Palatinate Thuringen and Livonia submitted while all the rest of Germany were for Philip. The King of France stood for Philip and England for Otho Pope Innocent III. declared for Otho confirm'd his Election and rejected that of Philip who nevertheless had the better of it in Germany and by the force of his Arms had brought many of those that had acknowledged Otho to submission Upon this in the year 1201. the Pope sent his Legate Cardinal Guy Bishop of Palestrina into Germany to countenance Otho's Party who straight declar'd Philip no better than a Rebel and commanded all the Germans under pain of Excommunication to acknowledg Otho for their Emperor Still this did not put a stop to the Progress of Philip's Arms who having drawn over Adolphus Archbishop of Cologn to his side got himself crown'd a second time by the hands of this Arch-bishop in the year 1204 at Aix la Chapelle maugre all the opposition of the Popes Legate and understanding that Conrade Archbishop of Mentz was dead he got the Vacancy supply'd by the Election of Diepold or Lupold Bishop of Worms but he was no sooner gone from thence but that the greater part of the Canons protested against the freedom of the Election and thereupon having put in an Appeal to the Holy See they reassembled themselves at Bingen and elected Sifroy to the Archbishoprick of Mentz whose Election wâ—â— confirmed by the Pope who likewise excommunicated Lupold and the next year by his Legate deposed Adolphus Archbishop of Cologn and chose Bruno into his place In the year 1206. Otho was besieged in Cologn by Philip and not thinking himself in a condition to sustain the Siege retired with some Troops accompanied by the new Archbishop Bruno but being set upon by Philip he was defeated Bruno taken Prisoner and Cologn forc'd to receive Philip for its Master Otho secur'd himself in Saxony and from thence pass'd into England The Princes of Germany being at length desirous to settle an entire Peace in the Empire dispatch'd their Envoys in the year 1207. to Pope Innocent desiring him to acknowledg Philip and apply himself to the reconciling of the two Pretenders to the Empire The Pope agreed to the Proposition but upon this condition that Philip's Daughter
the two hundred and eighteenth he order'd the paiment of the yearly penny for every Family which the Earl of Couthnes had obliged himself to make all his Subjects pay as an Alms to the Holy See and because the new Bishop of that Country had been the occasion of stopping the paiment of that Duty he empowered the Bishops of Kirchval and Rosse to force him to it by Ecclesiastical Punishments By the two hundred and nineteenth he declar'd null the Grant which his Predecessor had made of a Church to a Canon of Mascon not knowing that he had been excommunicated by his Chapter The two hundred and twentieth is written against a certain Chaplain that used to require Mony for the burial of the Dead and the benediction of Marriages and would pretend some hindrance or other if they would not pay him By the two hundred twenty first he committed to the Bishop of Lisbon and two Priors the Judgment of a Case between the Bishop of Coimbra and the Templers In the two hundred and twenty second he sent back to the Abbot and two Monks of the Abbey of Alcobacius in Portugal the Examination of the Difference which was between the Bishop of Coimbra and the Monastry of the Religious of the Holy Cross of Arganil about an Exemption they pretended to under covert of a Privilege which they had by a trick gained of Pope Clement by feigning that the Mother-Church was not the Cathedral Church but the Church of Rome His Determination is That if this were all they went upon they must e'en be subject to the Jurisdiction of that Bishop The five following are likewise written to maintain the Privileges of the Bishop of Coimbra The two hundred and twenty eighth is written to the Archbishop of Rouen forbidding him to absolve those Persons which his Suffragans had excommunicated and ordering him to send them back to their Bishop and then if he should refuse to absolve them giving him leave to do it first taking security of the Accused upon Oath and upon condition of full satisfaction being made to the Bishop if he do not find that the man was unjustly excommunicated In the two hundred and twenty ninth he granted the Bishop of Lizieux the Privilege of not appearing before the Bishop of Rouen as Judg Delegate in case he suspected him unless his Letters of Commission should have this particularly in them The two hundred and thirtieth is to the King of England wherein he gave him an account of what he had done as to the Restitution of that Mony which the Germans had exacted of him for his Ransom and of what he had done against the King of Navarr to make him restore those Castles which belonged to him Lastly he makes a relation of the complaints and differences between the Kings of France and England and protests that it was not his design to declare for either side but to do all he could to make peace between them In the two hundred and thirty first he order'd the Archbishop of Bourges to inform against the Bishop of Angouleme accused by his Chapter of wasting the Estate of his Church and a great many other Irregularities In the two hundred and thirty second to the Abbot and Religious of Cherlieu he decided That one of their Monks who was gone over into the Order of the Black Monks and had there taken the Order of Priesthood could perform the Offices of his Order In the two hundred and thirty third he determined moreover that the Canons may be Witnesses in the Civil Causes of their Church and that credit ought to be given to their Testimony In the two hundred and thirty fourth he commissions the Bishop of Autun and the Abbots of Oigny and of St. Margaret to reform the Monastry of St. John of Autun The two hundred and thirty fifth is written to the Archbishop of Rheims and to the other Archbishops and Bishops of the Kingdom of France against the forging of the Popes Bulls and to prevent it for the time to come he order'd that the Bulls should be received either from the hands of the Pope or of them who are commissioned by him to deliver them And for the remedying what was past he would have a Provincial Council called and all that pretended to have any Letters from the Pope ordered to produce them that they might be compared with the true ones and if they were found to be forged ones those who forged them should be punished the Laicks with Excommunication and the Clergy by being suspended ab officio beneficio Lastly he order'd that it should be publish'd That all those who to their knowledg had any of these forged Letters should be bound to produce them within a fortnight under pain of Excommunication not to be taken off by the Pope himself except at the point of death In the two hundred and thirty sixth he wrote to the Archbishop of Magdeburg to force the Duke of Suabia to restore that Mony to the King of England which the Emperor Henry had exacted from him for his Ransom The two hundred and fifty second is to the Duke of Austria upon the same subject In the two hundred thirty seventh he empower'd the Bishop of Tarentaise to absolve those Incendiaries that could not come to Rome within three years by reason of their sickness or hindrance by their Enemies In the two hundred and thirty eighth he settled upon the Bishop of Neytrach or Bezzenza all the Possessions that he might have and exempts all the Lands of his Church which he kept in his own hands from all sorts of Tithes In the two hundred and thirty ninth he determined that the Bishop of Oviedo was not obliged to restore the fruits of a piece of Land which belonged to the Bishop of Zamora until he had paid what was owed him that he might be in a condition to pay his debts By the two hundred and fortieth and forty first he revok'd that Privilege which he had granted the Bishop of Lizieux of not answering if he did not please before the Archbishop of Rouen but he order'd that this Archbishop should never proceed against him till after having thrice admonished him and that whensoever he appealed a futuro gravamine the Archbishop should have no power to attempt any thing farther either against him or his Church In the two hundred and forty third he gave leave to the Prior of Locheier to keep the Estate of his Church in his own hands paying the Chapter the Rents which the Farmers used to pay them In the two hundred and forty fourth to the Bishop and Chapter of Angouleme he determined That the non-resident Canons should have no power to oppose any Orders made by the Chapter in their absence In the two hundred and forty fifth to the Archbishop of Canterbury to the Bishops of Lincoln and Worcester and to the Abbot of Tewksbury he order'd That the Monks be reestablished in the Church of Coventry who had been
the Bishop of Limoges to reprehend and correct the Clergy of his Diocess The three hundred and thirty first is an Approbation of the Order of Premontre and a Confirmation of its Customs and Privileges In the three hundred and thirty second he entrusted the Dean of Lisbon and two Priors to examine the Privilege granted by the Bishop of Coimbra to his Chapter In the three hundred and thirty third he determined That a deaf and dumb Person may marry In the three hundred thirty fifth he suspended the Bishop of Hildesheim for removing to the Bishoprick of Wirtzburg without the leave of the Holy See and deprived the Canons of Wirtzburg of the power of Election for this time for having chosen him The three hundred and thirty sixth is a circular Letter exhorting all Princes and People to take up Arms for the defence of the Holy Land against the Saracens The three hundred and thirty seventh is a Mandate granted to a Clerk for a Canon's place in the Church of Trevisi In the three hundred and thirty eighth written to the Archbishop of Sens he declar'd That in case the Dean and Chapter of Sens had with an Oath fixed the number of Canons before the Pope granted his Mandate to the Clerk then the Mandate should be null and that all the Clerk had to do was to make them come to Rome to maintain their pretended right because says he as we expect to be punctually obeyed when we command any thing so we would not command any thing which is unjust The three hundred and thirty ninth is a Mandate granted to a Clergyman for an Archdeaconship vacant in the Church of Ivrea In three hundred and fortieth he exempts the Chapter of St. Domnin's Burg from the Jurisdiction of the Bishop of Parma In the three hundred and forty first to the Bishop of Otranto he advised him to put the Religious of Citeaux into a Chappel and into a Monastry in compliance with the desire of the Earl the Founder of the Chappel and Patron of the Monastry The three hundred and forty second is a Confirmation of a Privilege of Exemption granted to the Church of St. Nicholas du Mont near Narni In the three hundred and forty third he exhorted the Bishop of Lydda to continue his care and preaching in Sicily to promote the raising of an Army for the Recovery of the Holy Land By the next he gave him power to absolve those Excommunicated whose Cases belonged only to the Holy See to remit on condition that they would go in person to the Holy Land In the three hundred and forty fifth addressed to the Prelates of France he recommended to them the Legate whom he had sent into that Kingdom to make peace between the King of France and the King of England and to gain them to assist against the Saracens In the three hundred and forty sixth he gave power to his Legate to summon such English Prelates as he thought necessary to procure the Peace By the following he order'd him to proceed by way of Interdict against the Kingdom of France if King Philip did not take his Wife again within a month He exhorted this Prince to make and conclude the Peace with the King of England in the three hundred and forty eighth Letter In the three hundred and forty ninth written to the Archpriest and Canons of Milan he discover'd a Forgery which had been practised in a Bull by taking the Seal from another Letter and fastning it to this forged one He order'd the punishment of him who was suspected of it and at the same time takes notice of the different ways that the Letters of the Pope might be forged The first is to fasten a false Bull to them The second is to tear the Bull from another Letter and fasten it to a false one by putting another Thread through it The third is to cut one of the sides of the Thread of the Bull and to fasten it to another Letter by joining the Thread together again with Flax of the same Colour The fourth is to slit the Load in two and take out of it one side of the Thread and afterwards to join it together again The fifth is to raze out the writing of the Letters and change them as we please The sixth is to carry false Letters and to mingle them rightly among the others and so get the Bull fastned to them This last sort is the hardest to be found out and cannot be discovered but by the Stile or by the Hand or by the Parchment whereas the others might be found out only by inspection In the three hundred and fiftieth he declared That all Believers might appeal to the Holy See and that no one ought to act against them in prejudice to that Appeal or to proceed against those who would appeal And in the following he says That no one can proceed against a Person who is gone to Rome for this is as it were an appeal in facto and ought to be more considered than a verbal one By the three hundred and fifty second he ordered the Bishop of Ariano to inform about the Election of an Abbot of Benevento that he might know whether it was fit to confirm it or no. In the three hundred and fifty third he exhorted the Emperor of Constantinople to aid the Holy Land against the Saracens and to labour for the union of the Greek and Latin Churches In the next Letter he gave the same exhortation to the Patriarch of Constantinople In the three hundred and fifty fifth he exhorted the Kings of France and England to peace and to furnish out Troops for the assistance of the Holy Land In the three hundred fifty sixth he ordered the Magistrates the People and the Great Lords of the Dutchy of Spoletto to obey his Legate as being Subjects of the Holy See to which the Duke of Spoletto had given up his Estates This same Letter is also written to many other Cities of Italy In the three hundred and fifty seventh he wrote to the King of England about a Chappel which the Archbishop of Canterbury had newly built and had a mind to put Canons into and make his ordinary residence at The Pope is earnestly against this Establishment and exhorted the King of England not to promote it In the three hundred and fifty eighth he recommended himself to the Prayers of the Abbots met together in the Chapter General of Citeaux and desires them to excuse one of their Brothers whom he employ'd to preach in Sicily In the three hundred and fifty ninth he gave order to the Bishop of Ostia to consecrate some Altars which they said were not yet consecrated in obedience to a Vision which a Priest said he had seen in which St. Peter appeared to him many times and ordered him to give the Pope notice that there were a great many Altars which wanted consecration and that he was careful to have them consecrated Innocent says at the end
out by their Bishop 17. Of the Visitation of the Monasteries of Black-Friars in Germany 120. Privileges granted to the Italian Monks of the Order of S. Benedict 43. The Tokens that William of St. Amour prescribes whereby to discover the false Monks 140 143 Monasteries Constitutions concerning their Cloyster 92. Prohibitions against Building of new ones without the Bishop's leave 113. The leave of turning a Church into a Monastery to be granted by the Bishop 43. Prohibitions against holding Tryals in them 117 The Abbey of Mont-sacre The Differences between this Abbey and that of Calane adjusted by Innocent III. 29 The Church of Montreal The Confirmation of the Privilege of its Arch-Bishop 23 Abbey of Mouzon The Pope's Grant of raising it to a Bishoprick 17 Murder Deprives a Clerk of his Benefices 27. That an involuntary Murder committed by a Clerk do's not deprive him of his Benefices 18. Whether a Priest who is the innocent Cause of a Murder may continue his Functions 39. The Absolution of this Crime reserv'd to the Bishop 132. The Pennance impos'd on a Man who had kill'd his Wife and Daughter 44 Muret. This City Besieg'd by the King of Arragon who lost his Life before it 151 Mysterium Fidei Why these Words were added to the Canon of the Mass 44 N NArbonne A Peace set on Foot in this City between the Croisade and the Albigenses 151 Church of Nephin Restor'd to that of Tripoli 14 New Converts The care the Bishops ought to have of them 111 Nicholas de Bar sur Aube Doctor of Paris The Proceedings of Pope Alexander IV. against this Doctor and several others of his Brethren 138. Is one of the Embassy to Rome 139 The Church of S. Nicholas of the Mount near Narni It s Privilege of Exemption confirm'd 25 29 Notaries What they ought to know in order to be admitted into such an Office 111 Nuncios of the Pope Those who offer them any Injury Excommunicated 134 Nuns Constitutions concerning their Conduct and Duties 93. 102 105. Oblig'd to live in Common 126. That the Nuns who have beaten other Nuns or Clerks may receive Absolution from the Bishop 42 O OAths When forbidden to exact the Oath of Fidelity of Ecclesiasiicks 100. When one is not bound to keep it in Justice 28 Odo of Doway Doctor of Paris The Proceedings of Alexander IV. against this Doctor and several of his Brethren 138. Is sent to Rome with William of S. Amour 139. The Rules for the University which the Pope would have him approve of and made him to execute 140 Offerings That those of private Chappels belong to the Curates 121 Officials The Study requisite for being admitted an Official 111. Of their Duties 127 Orbibarians A Sect of Hereticks and their Errors 149 Ordinations Of the Times of Ordinations and the Qualifications of those who are to be Ordain'd 109 112 117 124 125. The Age prescrib'd for taking Priest's Orders 90 155. And the other Orders ibid. That an Eccesiastick who is the cause of a Murder without being an Accomplice in it may be promoted to Holy Orders 24. That a Man who has lost his Right Hand may not be admitted to take Holy Orders or enjoy Benefices 23. Of the Duties of Bishops in Ordinations 99. That a Bishop who has Ordain'd any Clerks without the Title of a Benefice or a Patrimony ought to provide for their Subsistence 14. Ordinations made by Excommunicated Persons null 27. Prohibitions against demanding any thing for conferring Orders 102 130 The Minor Orders Three of the Minor Orders omitted by the Greeks 50 Religious Orders The Institutions of several Religious Orders in this Century 156. c. Their Number Restrain'd 124. And Prohibitions against Founding new Ones 98. That 't is not lawful to pass from a more strict to a more remiss Order but rather from a more remiss to a more strict One 34. The Laicks forbidden to wear the Habit of any Religious Order without having made Profession of it 125 Teutonick Order Its Rules approv'd of by Innocent III. 33 Orensa in Spain The number of it's Canons fix'd to thirty six 24 Ornaments of the Church The Abbots prohibited to Consecrate or bless them 120. Of those which are requisite for every Church 104. Of the care that ought to be taken of them 98 115. 132. Prohibited from pawning them without the Bishop's leave 126 Osyth of Chu The Confirmation of the Institution of the Order of Regular Canons of that Abbey and of its Privileges 22 Osma in Spain Rules confirm'd for this Church 35 Cardinal Otho The Council which he held at London during his Legation in England 111 Otho Duke of Saxony and Emperor Disputes the Empire with Philip Duke of Suabia 45. The Motives which induc'd the Pope to declare for him and to confirm his Election 46 47. Is recogniz'd for Emperor after the Death of Philip and Crown'd at Rome 2 47. The Oath which he takes of the Pope ibid. The cause of his breaking with the Pope who Excommunicates and Deposes him 2. His Attempts to maintain himself on the Throne 2 3. His Defeat by Philip Augustus King of France 3. And his Death ibid. Cardinal Ottobon The Constitutions which he Publish'd during his Legation in England 120 Ottogar King of Bohemia Takes an Advantage of the Divisions of Germany to Aggrandize his own Anthority 9. His Differences with the Emperor Rodolphus 10. His Death ibid. P PAlestine or the Holy Land The Obligation of the Vow of going to to the Holy Land 14. The Letters of Pope Innocent III. for the Relief of the Holy Land 23 24 25 28 29 40 41 48 Pall. That it ought only to be granted to such Arch-Bishops whose Predecessors have enjoy'd it 32 Peace Prayers for it injoyn'd 126. Decrees for the Observation of it 109 Perfect Who are counted such a among the Albigenses 153 Perjurers Canons against them 106. 116. Their Absolution reserv'd to the Pope 91 Patriarchs Of the Rank and Privileges of Patriarchs 97. That they ought not immediately to take upon themselves the Tryal of Clerks who desire to be tryed by their Bishop 31 Patriarchs of Constantinople What Rank they held in the Conventions wherein the Emperor was in Person 42 Patronage Of the Right of Patronage 130. That no Man can present himself to a Benefice of which he has the Right of Patronage 21 Patrons Penalties to be inflicted on those who abuse the Clerks of their Patronage 100 The Church of S. Paul near Mount Cassin The Privilege of having Tenths and of Baptizing granted to this Church 30 Pegaw A Contest about the Exemption of this Abbey 24 Canonical Penalties The commutation of them for Pecuniary Fines forbidden 121 Penetintiaries Order'd to have one General Penitentiary in every Cathedral Church 112. Of their Duties in Absolving reserv'd Cases 118 Pennance Of the injoyning of Pennances for Publick Sins 132 Penitentiary Friars Hermits re-united to the Order of Augustin Friars in this Century 157 Pensions Forbidden to lay any on
it was presented to Lewis and seen in the Assembly held at Francfort in September 1344. it was declared contrary to the Interests of the Empire and the Assembly refused to permit that Lewis of Bavaria should Sign it and sent their Ambassadors to the Pope and Cardinals to perswade them not to require it The Pope seeing himself deceived renewed his Process against Lewis of Bavaria Condemns him in his Excommunication and Deposes him entirely and orders the Electors of the Empire to proceed to the Election of another King of the Romans to whom he might give the Title of Emperor unless the Holy See should provide one At the same time he deposed Henry Arch-bishop of Mayence and nominated in his Place Gerlacke the Count of Nassau's Brother who going into Germany joyned himself to the Electors of Cologne Treves Dukes of Saxony King of Bohemia and some other Princes of the Empire who being Assembled at the end of August at Rens chose Charles of Moravia the Son of the King of Bohemia Emperor his Election was solemnly Confirmed by the Pope and the War began between the two Competitors in Germany but it soon ended by the Death of Lewis of Bavaria which happened October 11. 1347. After his Death Charles got Possession of the greatest part of the Cities of the Empire But Henry the old Archbishop of Mentz the Marquess of Brandenburg the Count Palatin of the Rhine and the Duke of Saxony resolved to choose another Emperor and offered the Empire first to Edward the Third King of England and after to Frederick Marquess of Misnia but both of them having refused it they chose Gontherius Count of Thuringia who died the same Year and left Charles the Peaceable Possession of the Empire While the Princes of Germany were contending for the Empire a Roman named Nicholas Laurentius The Attempt of Nicholas Laurentius in Rome took upon him the Title of Tribune Augustus the Deliverer of the City of Rome and Defender of Italy He made himself Master of Rome seized upon the Capitol and made a League with the greatest part of the People of Italy He wrote to the Pope That if he did not come to Rome within a Year he would have another Pope chosen and stirred up Lewis and Charles the Competitors for the Empire and the Electors to appear before the Magistrates of the People of Rome declaring that the City of Rome was the Seat of the Empire That it belonged to him and that the Empire ought to be in Italy and not in Germany This Enterprize fell almost immediately for this pretended Deliverer being constrained by the Contrary Faction to fly from Rome and having the Boldness to go in Disguise to Charles's Court he was known Arrested there and carried from thence to Avignon where he was put into the Pope's hands who cast him into Prison but he escaped out of it as some say and returned to Rome where he was Killed Clement VI. died Decemb. 6. 1352. in the 11th Year of his Papacy This Pope had a great The Death of Clement VI. deal of Learning and a fine Wit to which he had joyned a bountiful Disposition much Meekness Affability and Liberality He loved Peace and took a great deal of Pains to unite the Christian Princes without siding with any Party In the Year 1344. he put forward an Expedition against the Turks of which the Dauphin was Captain but it had no good Effect He laboured to unite the Greek Church and accomplished it among the Armenians He made the Church of Prague in Bohemia into an Archbishoprick in the Year 1344. and made a Constitution in 1350. concerning the Conclave by which he allows all the Cardinals to have in the Conclave every one two Clergymen to wait on them their several Lodgings and a Dessert A little before his Death he made a Declaration by which he revoked all that he had delivered either in Disputation Teaching or Preaching or otherwise against the Catholick Truths and against Faith and good Manners A Protestation which his Successors Innocent VI. Urban V. and Gregory XI also made at the Point of Death Several Letters of Clement V. are found among the Annalists Bzovius ad an 1342. and Waddingus Tom. 3. ad an 1342. There is an Epistle of his against the Whipping-Monks in the 11th Tome of the Councils and Mr. Baluzius hath publish'd several sent to the Kings of France and Arragon in the Ancient Acts which he hath joyned to the Lives of the Popes of Avignon Innocent VI. was Chosen in the Room of Clement V. Decemb. 18. and Crowned the 23d or The Election and Actions of Innocent VI. 30th of the same Month. He was called before Stephanus Albertus and was a Native of Mont near Pampadour in the Diocess of Limoges He had been before Grand Seneschal of Tholouse and after was made Bishop of Noyon in 1338. and translated to the Bishoprick of Clermont in 1340. Clement VI. raised him to the Dignity of a Cardinal of the Title of St. John and St. Paul and made him Bishop of Ostia and Grand Penitentiary He began as soon as he was made Pope to revoke the Reservations and Commendams of Benefices which his Predecessor had two easily granted and took all the Care he could to fill the Dignities of the Church with Persons eminent for Virtue and Knowledge He sent into Italy Giles Alvarez a Spanish Cardinal of the Title of St. Clement to resume the Castles and Cities that belonged to the Church of Rome of which several small Lords had made themselves Masters This Legate found in all Italy only the Castles of Montefiascone and Montifalco willing to receive him but a little after he put the Pope in Possession of a part of his Dominion The City of Rome was troubled with some stirs by Francis Baroncellus who took upon him the Title of Tribune but the Pope set up Nicholas Laurentius whom he delivered out of Prison on purpose He destroyed Baroncellus and was himself Slain a little time after Under the Papacy of this Pope Charles King of the Romans went to Rome by the consent of his Holiness and was Crowned Emperor in 1355. by the Cardinals Petrus Bertrandus and Giles Alvarez after he had taken an Oath that he would not stay in Rome nor Italy Lewis Marquess of Brandenburg Son of Lewis of Bavaria was absolved of the Censures which he had incurred by maintaining his Father's Party Innocent VI. maintained the Decrees of his Predecessors against the Grey-Friars which rebelled against the Holy See and Burnt two of them at Avignon in 1353. because they obstinately maintained their Opinion concerning the Poverty of JESUS CHRIST and Imprisoned one named John Roquetaillade of S. Flour because he took upon him to Prophesie and foretold that Wars should increase That the Earth should be desolate That the Clergy should be Abused and despoiled of their Goods and after this time of Affliction is passed there shall come an Angel the Deputy of
Death of William Wilford 1398 A Substraction of Obedience from the two Contendants for the Papacy published in France and other places XXI VII  An Assembly of the Clergy in France which ordered the Substraction May 22. Henry Andernacus Blaisus Andernarius John de S. Bavon Rich. de Lavenham John de Werden flourished The Death of Gerhard de Zutphen Dec. 4. 1399  XXII Rich. II. K. of England is deprived of his Kingdom and Henry Earl of Lancaster chosen King VIII   The Death of Nicholas Eymericus Jan. 4. 1400  The Electors of the Empire depose the Emperor Wenceslaus Joseph Marquess of Moravia his Nephew was chosen in his room by the Archbishops of Mentz and Colen but dyed six Months after Robert Duke of Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine is chosen and crowned Emperour I. IX   Maximus Nilus Damilas Demetrius Cidonius John de Campscen Philip d'Otterburg flourished The Death of Simon of Cremoxa 1401  II. Robert goes into Italy with an Army and is beaten by Galeaccius Vicount of Milan and forced to return into Germany X.   The Death of Bartholomew Albicius December 10. 1402  III. XI Isa-Zelebis is slain by his Brother Soliman who is declared Emperour of the Turks    1403 The Subtraction of Obedience to Benedict XIII is taken off in France on certain Conditions IV. XII  An Assembly of the Clergy in France held at Paris May 28. which took off the Subtraction  1404 Benedict proposes ways of Union to Boniface who dyed Octob. 1. The Cardinals of his Party chose on the 12 of the same Month Cosmatus Melioratus de Sulmona who took the Name of Innocent VII Ladislaus King of Naples makes himself Master of Rome and drives out Innocent V. XIII   Lucius Colutius presents to the King of France a Petition for the Florentines against the Faction of the Gibelines 1405. Innocent VII is recalled to Rome and Ladislaus's party driven out VI. XIV    1406 A New Subtraction of the French from their Obedience to Benedict Innocent VII dyed and the Cardinals of his Party chose Angelus de Corario who took the Name of Gregory XII upon condition he should procure the Peace of the Church by way of Cession VII XV.  An Assembly of the Clergy of France held at Paris Dec. 21. which renewed the Subtraction The Death of Lucius Colutius May 12. 1407 A Neutrality published in France in regard of the two Contenders for the Papacy Divers Embassages by the two Contending Popes and King of France to heal the Schism but all to no purpose IX XVI    1408 King Ladislaus makes himself Master of Rome April 25. The Cardinals withdraw their Obedience from the two Contendants and retreat to Pisa to make a new Election Gregory excommunicates them Benedict sends abusive Letters to the King of France His Couriers are arrested Process made against them and they are put in Prison IX XVII  An Assembly of the Clergy of France held at Paris from Aug. 11. to Nov. 5. which prescribed the manner of Mens behaviour under the Neutrality so long as the Schism lasted The Death of Hen. Kalkar The Death of Antonius Butrio Octob. 7. as some say but as others in 1417. A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE Ecclesiastical Authors Of the Fourteenth AGE and their WORKS BONIFACE VIII CHosen in 1294 dyed Octob. 12. 1303. His Genuine Works which we have A Composure of Decretals called Sextus divided into five Books Constitutions Letters and Bulls extant in the History of the Difference of this Pope with Philip the Fair. In the Collection of Bulls and in the Annalists JAMES CAYETAN Cardinal Nephew of Pope Boniface was made Cardinal in 1295. His Genuine Work c. A Treatise of the Hundredth Year of Jubilee DINUS de MUGELLO Professor of Law Flourished in the beginning of this Age and dyed about 1303. His Genuine Works c. Several Books of Civil Law A Commentary upon the Rules of the Canon Law ENGELBERT Abbot of Admont Flourished at the same time His Genuine Works c. A Treatise about the Rise Growth and Fall of the Roman Empire Works Lost. See the Catalogue of them p. 49. STEVEN de SALAGNAC a Preaching Frier Flourished in the beginning of this Age. His MS. Work A Treatise of the Original of the Friers Preachers ANDREW of New-Castle a Preaching Frier Flourished in the beginning of this Age. His Genuine Works which we have A Commentary upon the first Book of the Sentences RAINERIUS de PISA a Preaching Frier Flourished in the beginning of this Age. His Genuine Work Pantheologia or a Theological Dictionary WILLIAM de NANGIS a Monk of S. Dennis Flourished till 1301. His Genuine Works c. Part of his Chronicle His Chronicles of the Kings of France The Lives of S. Lewis and Philip the Hardy BENEDICT XI Pope Raised to the Papacy Octob. 22. 1303. dyed July 8. 1304. His Genuine Works c. Letters about the quarrel of Boniface and Philip the Fair In the Acts of Boniface and Philip the Fair. THOMAS WICKE An Englishman and Canon Regular His Genuine Work c. A Chronicle of England A Work Lost. A Treatise of the Abbots of Osney JACOBUS de BENEDICTIS Flourished in the beginning of the Age dyed in 1306. His Genuine Works c. Hymns and Proses JUSTUS a Cistercian Abbot Flourished in the beginning of this Age. His Genuine Work c. A Sermon at a Chapter of his Order JOANNES DUNS Surnamed Scotus a Grey Frier Flourished in the end of the third and beginning of the fourth Age and dyed in 1308. His Genuine Works which we have See the Catalogue p. 52. RICHARD de SIENNA Cardinal Flourished in the beginning of the Age and was one of those whom Boniface employed to compose the sixth Book of the Decretals Works Lost. Some Treatises of Law PETRUS de DACIA Flourished about the same time A Work Lost. A Kalendar PETRUS de BOSCO an Advocate and a Nameless Author Flourished in the beginning of this Age. Genuine Works c. Two Treatises against the Pretended Authority of the Pope over the Temporalties of Kings HENRY STERO A Monk of Altaich flourished till 1306. Genuine Works c. The Annals of Germany The History of the Emperors Rodolphus c. EVERARDUS Arch-deacon of Ratisbonne flourished about 1310. A Genuine Work The Continuation of the Annals of Stero JOANNES de JOINVILLO Martial of Champeigne flourished till 1310. A Genuine Work The Life of S. Lewis SIFFRIADUS A Priest flourished about 1310. A Genuine Work Part of his Chronicle of Germany HAITO A Canon Regular of Praemonstre Entred the Order of Praemonstre in 1290 and flourished till 1310. A Genuine Work which we have The History of his Voyage into the H. Land JOANNES MONACHUS Cardinal was made a Cardinal in 1294 and died 1313. A Genuine Work An Apparatus to the Sextus CLEMENT V. Pope raised to the Papacy in 1305 and died
or no he would resign up his Papal Dignity at such time as the Council should prescribe unto him But when the Cardinal refus'd to accept of this Proposal the Bishop of Ferden appeal'd in the Name of King Robert and signify'd in his Act of Appeal That it belong'd to the King of the Romans to call the Council and declar'd That since the Council of Pisa was assembled against his Will and without his Order it could Decree nothing against Gregory This Appeal he caus'd to be fix'd upon the Gates of the Church and then retir'd suddenly and secretly The 25th of March which was the Day appointed for the meeting of the Council being come it was open'd in the Cathedral of Pisa by the Cardinals of Palestrina Albano Ostia Puy Tuzi Saluces and St. Angelo of the Obedience of Benedict and by the Cardinals of Naples Aquileia The Council of Pisa. Colonna Ursini of Brancacio Ravenna Landi and St. Angelo who were of the Obedience of Gregory The Bishop of Meaux was present there in the Quality of Ambassador from the King of France and the Bishop of Gap in the Name of the King of Sicily with two Knights and a Secretary One Knight one Doctor and one Clergy-man were present from the King of England The Cardinals were plac'd on high Seats at the right Hand of the Entry into the Quire the Bishops and Abbots on both sides of the Nave of the Church and the Deputies of Chapters and Monasteries underneath them and the Ambassadors who were not Prelats and the Doctors in the Body of the Church The Processions the solemn Mass and other usual Prayers being ended two Cardinal-Deacons two Archbishops and two Bishops together with some Doctors and Notaries went by Order of the Council to the Gate of the Church and ask'd with a loud Voice Whether Peter de Luna and Angelus Corarius Competitors for the Papal Dignity were present or any one for them And no Person appearing they made their Report to the Council who nominated some Managers or Proctors in the Name of the Universal Church to plead enquire and do whatever should be necessary or expedient for the Extirpation of Schism against the two Competitors for the Pontificat and for the Union of the Church These Officers nam'd by the Council presently accused them and requir'd that they should be declar'd Contumacious in the Matter of Schism and of Faith and that they should be prouounc'd in Contempt They caus'd to be read the Acts by which the two Competitors had been summon'd and the Verbal Process of the Citation But the Council notwithstanding the Affair was now ripe put off any further Consulation about it until the next Session which was to be held to Morrow And then the Council caus'd them to be cited again as they were at first and when no Body appear'd for them they put off this Affair until the 30th of the next Month. When this Day was come the Competitors being call'd again and no Body appearing for them they were declar'd Contumacious in Matters of Faith and of Schism and the Sentence was pronounc'd against them by the Cardinal of Palestrina otherwise call'd of Poitiers with the unanimous Consent of the Fathers of the Council and the further Prosecution of this Affair was deferr'd till the 15th of April On this Day it was ordain'd That the Cardinal of Todi should be cited as adhering to Gregory and the Cardinals of St. Sabine St. Adrian St. Mary in via lata of Flisque and Challont as adhering to Benedict and that if the two Competitors and the Cardinals should not appear at this time they should proceed further against them The Cardinals of Milan and Bar who had been at the Assembly of Frankfort arriv'd in Pisa at this Session and brought with him ninety partly Archbishops and Bishops partly Abbots and Doctors who had not been present at the preceding Sessions The Ambassadors of Robert Duke of Bavaria Elect King of the Romans appear'd at the Fourth Session and proposed several Objections against the Authority of the Council and requir'd that it should be remov'd and assembled in another place at which Gregory offer'd to appear Their Reasons were demanded in Writing and Time was given them till the 24th of the same Month to bring in their Answer Charles Malatesta of Rimini made the same Demand of the Council on behalf of Gregory and propos'd more Difficulties Two Cardinals of each Obedience were deputed to confer with him who gave him to understand that he could not hope to obtain what he demanded and answer'd his Objections Notwithstanding this Remonstrance they went on with the Process and after they had ask'd at the Church-gate if any of the two Competitors were come they were declar'd anew to be Contumacious and the next Session was put off to the 24th In this Session the Advocate of the Council alledg'd all the Facts concerning the Schism from its first beginning and from thence prov'd the Collusion the erroneous Proceedings and the unworthiness of the two Competitors in 57 Articles and requir'd in the Name of the Proctor of the Council That the Assembly should declare that the Union of the two Colleges was lawful and just that the Cardinals had Power to appoint the General Council and that the City of Pisa was a fit Place for holding the Assembly That the Citations given to the two Competitors should be confirm'd and that they should be reputed Contumacious and their Favourers and Adherents should be depriv'd of all their Dignities Benefices and Offices and that it should be lawful for the Secular Judges to punish and chastise them in case they should oppose the Decree that was to pass against them and that Kings and Princes should be absolv'd from their Oaths and from any Obligation of Obedience to the two Competitors He added That altho' the Facts alledg'd against them were notorious yet he requir'd that the Council should name Commissioners to inform themselves more fully about them The Council from this Day declar'd that the College of Cardinals being united had Power to call the Council and that in the present Circumstances they had the Right to do it That this General Council representing the Church Universal was lawfully assembled and had Power to proceed to a Definitive Sentence That the number of Prelats now assembled was sufficient That the City of Pisa was a place very commodious That Peter de Luna and Angelus Corarius had been sufficiently summon'd and cited to the Council The Remainder was put off to the next Session which was appointed to be held on the last Day of March Some time after Simon de Craâ—aut Patriarch of Constantinople the Deputies of the Universities the Ambassadors of the Dukes of Brabant Holland and Liege those of the King of England * Viz. Robert Hallum Bishop of Salisbury Henry Chichely Bishop of St. Davids and the Prior of Canterbury who were chosen Ambassadors in a Synod held as London the beginning of
from the richest Men in the City John XXIII and all his Courtiers fled and escap'd with all speed to Sutri Viterbo and Montefiascone and the Pope not thinking himself safe here continued his Journey thro' Siena as far as Florence where he resided until Morning and afterwards passing thro' Bohemia he came the last Day of this Month into Lombardy to treat about the Meeting of a Council with Sigismund King of Hungary who had been chosen King of the Romans by one Party of the Electors of the Empire after the Death of Robert of Bavaria which happen'd May 18th 1410. The other Party of the Electors had chosen Jesse Marquiss of Moravia but he dying in a short time after all their Suffrages were united in favour of Sigismund John XXIII having sent at the beginning of his Pontificate the Archbishop of Pisa's Legate into France together with Nicolas de Robertis a Knight and Jeffery de Peyrusse a Doctor to raise Money there for the Procurations and Depradations of the Ecclesiasticks Deceas'd The University of Paris oppos'd him herein and maintain'd the Disposal that was made of The Designs of John the 23d rejected in France them by the King's Edict in 1406. and solicited the Prelates and other Universities to join with them in defeating this Design But notwithstanding these Efforts it was resolv'd that the Clergy of France should grant the Pope a charitable Subsidy of half the Tenths of the Revenues of their Benefices the Prelates consented to it and the University yielded because this Subsidy was granted after that manner which it had offer'd at first The Legate came to Paris and presented to them a Bull of the Pope wherein he declares after what manner he was chosen and his good Intention to promote the Peace of the Church and pray'd the Court to assist him This Bull being read by the Clerk Jeffery of Peryusse gave an account of the Expences the Pope had been at to serve Louis Duke of Anjou and assur'd them That his Intention was to endeavour an Union of the Greek Church to the Latin and to make Peace between the Kings of France and England and to hold a Council at the time appointed by that of Pisa to reform the Church both in its Head and Members Upon the prospect of this Council the Clergy of France was Assembled at Paris by Order of the King to draw up some Memoirs which were to be carried to the Council containing a Complaint of the excessive Taxes wherewith the Clergy of France were oppress'd The Assembly was held in the Palace where Benedict Gentian a Monk of St. Denis spoke smartly against the Trouble which was given them by the Court of Rome and particularly against the Pensions which the Cardinals rais'd upon the Churches of the Kingdom against the Appeals to The Council of Constâ—nce the Court of Rome and about the Promotions of Strangers to Benesices and show'd That these were the ways made use of to draw Money out of France He beseech'd the Assembly to consider of these things and Memorials of them were drawn up which were entrusted with those that were sent to Constance While these things were a doing a Letter from the Legate to the Pope's Secretary was intercepted wherein he acquaints him That the Members of Parliament pretended to be Exempt from Subsidies for the Benefices which they possess'd and to have a Priviledge for this Exemption from the Holy See and that the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction was wholly abolish'd because the Parliament took cognizance of Ecclesiastical Causes belonging to the Right of Possession between Ecclesiastical Persons the Regulars Bishops and even Cardinals themselves The Court was much offended with this Letter order'd that an Information should be drawn against it and that the King's Advocate should make a Discourse against it in the presence of His Majesty and the Legate and at last determin'd That the Priviledge of not paying Tenths or Subsidies to the Pope should be search'd for in the Treasury of the King's Papers and that some should remonstrate to His Majesty of what great Consequence the pretension of the Legate was that so for the future he might be forbid to maintain That the King and his Judges and particularly the Parliament could not take cognizance of Causes belonging to the Right of possessing Benefices and that lastly the King should be entreated to write about this Matter to the Pope and Cardinals This is what past in the beginning of the Year 1411. The next Year the King upon the Complaint of the University renew'd his Letters by which he maintain'd those that had been promoted to Benefices during the Neutrality And to the end he might hinder the Traffick which had been made of the Benefices of the Kingdom by the Court of Rome he by the Advice of his Clergy and Universities ordain'd That all Provisions and Commendams of Churches should be superseded in his Kingdom and sent an Express to Pope John for the redressing of this Grievance which he neglecting to do upon the Demand of the Proctor-General and at the Solicitation of the Provost and Sheriffs of Paris the Parliament and all the Courts of Justice being Assembled with many Prelates and Members of the University ordain'd That the Edict made in the Month of February 1406. should be put in Execution as to Elective Benefices And this Decree of the Court was confirmed by the King's Council This is what past in France concerning the Pretensions of the Court of Rome from the Sitting of the Council of Pisa to the Meeting of the Council of Constance of which we are to give an account in the next Chapter CHAP. II. The History of the Council of Constance and of the Schism of the Popes until the Election of Martin V. JOHN XXIII seeing himself pursu'd by King Laodislaus who had made himself Master of The appointing of the Council of Constance Rome and of the Neighbouring Cities and was preparing to Besiege him even in Bononia concluded with himself That the only means of Deliverance and Safety that remain'd was to put himself under the Protection of the Emperor Sigismund and to call a Council by consert with him His Predecessor when he Prorogu'd the Council of Pisa had ordain'd That another should be held within three Years after John XXIII had pro forma appointed it in the City of Rome and had afterwards Prorogu'd it without appointing a place or prefixing a time Sigismund wrote to him to do nothing without Communicating it to his Ambassadors whom he should send unto him These Ambassadors found the Pope at Florence and made divers Proposals to him about holding of a Council The Pope on his part to expedite this Affair the more speedily sent two Cardinals and Manuel Chrysoloras to Sigismund with Power to agree with him as to the Place and Time of the Council As to the Place they agreed upon the City of Constance and as to the Time that it should be the 1st of
and that it was Authoriz'd in some Places by an Ancient Custom He answers That no Custom nor Prescription ought to be alledg'd against the Law of God the Holy Decrees of Councils the Commands of the Holy Fathers and against Decency and Good Manners He refutes also the excuse which some alledge who would defend this Usage We do not say they sell the Orders it is not for Orders that the Money is given but for the Letters the Seal and the Notary These says he are Fictions and not Truths for it often happens that those who refuse to take the Letters to shun this Simony have nevertheless been oblig'd to give the Mony to be Ordain'd what say I to be Ordain'd Their Names are not so much as set down in the Catalogue of those who are to receive Orders unless they pay what is demanded of them Whether this turn to the profit of the Bishop or his Secretary God is witness and the Secretary may be also But suppose that this turn to the profit of the Secretary is it just that the Bishop should pay to him anothers Mony and among so many Officers cannot he maintain a Secretary at his own Charges Besides that it is expresly forbidden in the Canons to take any thing not so much as for the Writing which excludes all kind of pretence In fine he affirms that this Abuse is the Fountain of all the Disorders that are in the Church for whence says he comes the Indevotion of the People the Contempt of Priests the Abolishing of the Rights and Liberties of the Church but because it is full of contemptible Persons and unworthy of their Ministration Whence comes it to pass that an infinite number of ignorant Persons are admitted to the Priesthood who understand no Latin and scarce can Read and who in Repeating or Singing the Prayers know not whether they Bless or Curse the Lord and so many others of bad Morals who live in all sorts of Debauchery The Bishops are the chief Cause of these Disorders because they admit to Orders indifferently all sorts of Persons without examining their Learning or their Manners and they are satisfy'd with punishing them in their Purse without endeavouring to reform their Faults And after all this can any one wonder that the Ecclesiastical State should be trampled upon despis'd hated afflicted oppress'd robb'd and Persecuted These are the words which Clemangis makes use of to exaggerate the Disorders of the Ecclesiasticks in his time which thanks be to Heaven to the Decrees of Holy Councils and chiefly to that of Trent and to the Pastoral Vigilance of our Bishops are now Corrected and Reform'd in our Age which abounds with Ecclesiasticks of singular Learning and extraordinary Piety The Collection of Clemangis's Letters contains 137. all Written with much Elegance and Chastity and full of Christian Moral and Politick Instructions of the Descriptions of Vices and Vertues of Draughts of History of Critical Questions of wholsom Advices and Complements The most considerable with reference to Ecclesiastical Matters are those which were written about the Schism and about the State of the Church viz. the first address'd to King Charles VI. wherein he exhorts him in a most Pathetical manner to labour for the Reformation of the Church and the Extirpation of Schism The second address'd to Pope Benedict XIII lately chosen written with a great deal of Art upon the same Subject The third wherein he makes an Apology for the former The thirteenth address'd to Benedict about the Inconveniences of the Substraction The fifteenth to John Gerson about the danger in which the Church was The seventeenth to King Charles VI. to dissuade him from the Substraction which is very long and eloquent The twenty ninth address'd to Peter of Ailly Bishop of Cambray about the Afflictions of the Church The fortieth address'd to Renald of Fountains to justifie That he was not the Author of the Letter which Benedict sent into France for Excommunicating the King and the Kingdom The forty second to the University of Paris upon the same Subject The forty third to Renald of Fountains to clear himself of some other things which he was accus'd of writing in Letters intercepted The forty fourth forty fifth and forty sixth about the Persecution which he suffer'd upon this occasion The fifty fifth against the Enemies of Pope Benedict The hundred second of the Qualifications which Deputies ought to have that are sent to a General Council And the hundred twelfth address'd to the Council of Constance wherein he praises the Fathers of that Council who were already Assembled for two Years and exhorts them not to part till they had procur'd the Peace of the Church and insinuates to them towards the end of the Letter That it would be more convenient to choose one of the Competitors than not to conclude the Peace of the Church signifying withal That he did not approve the Decree which some said they had made That they would not choose one of the Competitors Those which are written about the Civil Wars and the Mischiefs wherewith France was Afflicted at that time by the Divisions of Princes are equally strong and beautiful they are full of Christian Maxims and Politicks about the Peace and Reformation of the State See the Letters 59 63 67 68 69 89 90 97 98 101 103 107 and 132. to which may be added the 56 to Louis Duke of Aquitain Eldest Son to King Charles VI. wherein he exhorts him to Mildness and Clemency The 93d about the Instructions of this Prince address'd to John D Arcanval his Governor and the 136 to Henry King of England about Justice and the other Vertues of a Prince In many of his Letters he gives lively Descriptions of the Disorders and Corruption of Manners in the Ecclesiasticks and Secular Men of his Time See the 14 15 28 31 35 54 133. In others he treats of important Points of Morality as in the 9th of Patience under Afflictions in the 11th That the Health of the Soul is preferable to that of the Body in the 60th of shunning Vain-Glory in the 62d of the advantages of Afflictions and Persecutions In the 65 73 74. of Preaching of the Fervor and Constancy that should be us'd in this Ministration in the 75th of the Vigilance of Pastors and the things wherein they ought to employ themselves There he confirms the same Principles which are in his Books of the Corruption of the Church and the Study of Theology in the 82d he treats of the uncertainty and shortness of this Life and in the 92d of Alms and Christian Watchfulness There are some Letters which are not about serious Matters and so do not discover the Learning and Excellent Wit of Clemangis as the fourth and fifth in which he refutes what Petrarch had affirm'd That no where but in Italy there were any Popes and Orators of Worth the Twenty third wherein he enquires Whether one might make use in Latin Letters of the form of Salutation
Council detain'd Prisoner and Depos'd on the 29th of May. Gregory XII Renounces the Papal Dignity by his Proctors An Agreement between the Emperor Sigismund and the K. of Arragon about the Deposition of Benedict XIII V. XXIV 1415. 45 Articles of the Doctrine of Wicklef Condemn'd in the Council of Constance on the 4th of May. The Process of John Huss is finished he is Condemned and Burnt the 15th of July Jerome of Prague arrives at Constance the 4th of May he endeavours to escape but is Apprehended He Retracts on the 23d of September The Proposition of John Petit Condemn'd in the Council of Constance on the 6th of July  John Dominici Cardinal of Ragusa Theodoric of Niem Leonard Aretin John Zachary Gabriel of Spoleto Peter Maurocenus John of Dendermonde Anthony of Genua 1416 A Process made against Benedict XIII Ferdinand IV. King of Arragon Dies on the 2d of April Alphonsus his Son succeeds him XXV Jerome of Prague is Accus'd a new Condemn'd in the Council of Constance and Burnt May the 30th The Troubles and Wars in Bohemia about Religion  Anthony of Parma John Capreolus Flourish'd 1417 The Deposition of Benedict XIII in the Month of July The Election of Martin V. on the 11th of November I. VII XXVI 1417  John Baptista Poggio spoke a Funeral Oration upon Cardinal Zabarella Thomas of Walsingham finished his larger History of England 1418 II. VIII XXVII 1418. An Assembly of the States of the Kingdom of France which Orders the Execution of the Edict made in 1406.  The Death of John Dominici Cardinal of Ragusa 1419 III. The Death of Gregory XII John XXIII escapes out of Prison and goes to meet Marin V. at Florence where he Dies Benedict XIII continues obstinate and is abandon'd by all those of his own Obedience except those in the City of Paniscole IX XXVIII John Manuel Palaeologus is associated with his Father Manuel in the Empire 1419 The Council of Constance ends on the 19th of April St. Vincent Ferrier Died April the 5th Augustine of Rome was made General of the Order of Augustines in the Month of August 1420 IV. X. XXIX 1420. The Institutiâ—n of the Order of the Anunciatiun by Amedaeus the 5th Earl of Savoy The Council of Saltzburg John de Courtecuise is chosen Bishop of Paris but he did not enjoy that Bishoprick Loup of Olivet Boniface Ferrier Anthoni Rampelogus Henry of Hesse Carthusians Flourish'd 1421 V. Martin V. enters into Rome Joan Queen of Naples craves the Assistance of Alphonsus King of Sicily and Arragon and Adopts him for her Heir Louis of Anjou and Alphonsus make War upon one another XI XXX Aâ—urath succeeds his Father Mahomet in the Empire of the Turks 1421. The beginning of the Negotiations between the Greeks and the Latines by Eudemon Joannes  Nicâ—las of Inâ—elspuel Iheâ—â—â—ric of Ingelhusa Herman Petri of Stutdorp Thomas Waldensis of Walden John of Imola VVilliam Lyndwood John Pleath John Dieppourg Henry Gulpen Rodolph of Brussels Flourish'd 1422 VI. XII Charles VI. K. of France dies October the 21st The Duke of Bedâ—â—rd causes Henry King of England his Nephew to be Proclaim'd King of France but Charles the VII Son to Charles the VI as Lawful Heir succeeded him and Retook afterwards the greatest part of his Kingdom which was possess'd by the English The Death of Henry V. King of England who left a Son of Catharine Daughter to Charles VI. King of France call'd Henry VI. XXXI The Emperor Manuel Palaeologus falls sick of a Palsie in the Month of October John Manuel begins to reign alone 1422. Massanus being sent from the Pope to Constantinople treats with the Greek Emperor  John de Courtecuise is made Bishop of Geneva and died the next Year Albert of Saâ—ciano spoke his Discourse about the Eucharist John of VValsingham finish'd the Abridgment of his History of England 1423 VII XIII I. 1423. The Council of Collen The General Council opened at Pavia June 22d and immediately translated to Siena where it is continued VVilliam Lindwood begun his Collection of the Constitutions of the Archbishops of Canterbury Thomas of Kempis is Ordain'd Priest Dennis Rickes enters into the Order of the Carthusians 1424 VIII The Death of Benedict XVII The Cardinals who were with him choose Giles Munion who assum'd the Name of Clement VIII XIV II. 1424 The Council of Siena translated to Basil.  1425 IX XV. III. 1425. The Negotiations with the Greeks are renew'd  The Death of Peter of Ailly Cardinal 1426 X. XVI IV. 1426. The Conclusion of the Faculty of Theology at Paris about the Observation of Sundays and Festivals  Julian Caesarin and Dominic of Caâ—ranica are advanc'd to the Degree of Cardinals Martin Poree dies September the 26th 1427 XI XVII V. 1427.   1428 XII XVIII VI. 1428.  Herman Petri of Stutdorp dies the 24th of April The Death of Henry of Hesse a Carthusian about this Year 1429 XIII Clement VIII Renounces the Papal Dignity and the Schism is perfectly extinguish'd XIX VII 1429. The Council of Paris The Council of Tortosa Alexâ—…r the Carpenter wrote his Treatise entituled Destructorium Vitâ—orum The Death of Simeon of Thessaâ—onica 1430 XIV XX. VIII 1430. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against the Propositions oâ—… Sarrazin about Ecâ—lesiastical Power and the Hierarchy  VVilliam Lâ—ndwood finish'd his Collection of Constitutions Nicolas Auximanus St. Bernardin of Siena Raimund of Sabonde or Sebeide Peter of Jeremy Maphaeus Vegius Flourish'd Thomas VValdensis or of VValden died November the 3d. 1431 The Death of Martin V. February the 20th Eugenius IV. is chosen March the 4th I. Joan Quâ—en of Naples being at War with Alpâ—nâ—us King of Arragon Adopts Louis Duke of Anjou and makes him King XXI IX 1431. Eugenius IV. grants the King of Cyprus the 100th part of the Ecclesiastical Revenues of France Spain and England to set at Liberty the Hostages he had leâ—t with the Sultan The Institution of the Order of the Golden Fleece by Philip Duke of Buâ—guâ—dy The Opening of the Council of Basil July the 23d Macarius Macres died January 7th Ambrose the Camaldulian was admitted General of his Order Augustine of Rome is made Bishop of Cesena and some time after Archbishop of Nazareth John of Turrecremata is made Master of the Sacred College Giles Charlier is made Dean of Cambray in the Month of Octâ—ber 1432 II. Eugenius IV. is driven out of Rome and returns into it again five Months after XXII Sigismund is Crown'd Emperor at Rome X. 1432. A Conclusion of the Faculty of Theology at Paris about the Admonitions of Bishops Eugenius IV. has a mind to Dissolve the Council of Basil which continues to sit in spite of his Decree and proceeds against him Giles Charlier and John Nider are deputed by the Council of Basil to the Bohemians John Archbishop of Tarentum makes an Harangue in favour of the Pope in the Council of Basil. Henry of â—ande Nicolas of
Council held at Valence on purpose in the Year 890. Thus France was divided into three Kingdoms The Kingdom of France which comprehended Normandy Aquitain and the Dutchy of Burdundy the Kingdom of Arles and the Kingdom of Lower Burgundy Eudes was not long in quiet possession of a Kingdom to which he could pretend no Right Charles the Simple had his Partisans who sent for him from England whither his Mother had carry'd him and caus'd him to The Reign of Charles the Simple be Crown'd at Rheims in the Year 893. He immediately enter'd into possession of a part of the Kingdom and rais'd a Civil War between the two Parties which within a while was appeas'd and wholly ended by the Death of Eudes which happen'd on the Thirtieth of January 898. By his Death Charles the Simple took possession of the Kingdom of France not of that of Arles nor of Lower Burgundy In the Year 918. he added Lorrain to his Dominions having conquer'd it from Henry the Falconer after the Death of Conrad But the Malecontents among the French Nobles took an occasion from this War to cut him out new Work and elected Robert the Brother of Eudes King who was Crown'd at Rheims on the Twentieth of June in the Year 922. so that Charles was forc'd to quit Lorrain to come and fight Robert This last was kill'd in Battle but his Party elected in his room his Brother-in-Law Radulphus II. Duke of Burgundy Charles the Simple struck up on Alliance with Henry the Faulconner 〈◊〉 whom he remitted Lorrain upon condition that he should aid him but he was treacherously taken in the Year 923. by Hebert Count of Vermandois who kept him Prisonner in Thierry Castle The Queen his Wife withdrew into England with her Son Lewis From that time Charles the Simple was always in the Power of Hebert or Hugh le Blanc Count of Paris Robert's Son who kept him Prisoner till his Death which happen'd in the Year 929. Upon his Death Radulphus was left in quiet possession of the Kingdom to the Year 936. at which time he Radulphus dy'd without Issue leaving the Dukedom of Burgundy to his Brother Hugh the Black and the chief Authority of France to Hugh the White Count of Paris and Orleans and Duke of France his Brother-in-Law However this Man had not the Heart to take the Crown upon him being afraid of Hebert Count of Vermandois and Gisalbert Duke of Lorrain and he thought it more advisable to send for the Son of Charles the Simple out of England who upon that account was call'd Lewis d'Outremer Lewis d'Outremer He was receiv'd without any Opposition and Crown'd at Laon in the Year 936. Lewis during his Reign had great Contests with the Counts Hebert and Hugh and was sometimes at War sometimes at Peace with Otho King of Germany But at last having accommodated Matters with Hugh he dy'd peaceably in the Year 954. leaving the Title of King to his Son Lotharius an Infant Lotharius of Fourteen or Fifteen years of Age and the Administration of the Government to Hugh to whom the young King granted the Dutchy of Burgundy and Aquitain Hugh dyed in the Year 956. and left four Children of whom the Eldest nam'd Hugh-Capet was declar'd Duke of France in the Year 959. by Lotharius who gave him likewise Poictou Lotharius reign'd peaceably Three and Thirty years having after the Death of Hugh the White reassum'd the Royal Authority But this was lost in the hands of his Son Lewis sirnam'd the Fainthearted who surviv'd his Father only sixteen Lewis the Faint-hearted Hugh-Capet and Robert Months under the Tutelage of Hugh-Capet and was the last King of the Carolignian Line For after his Death Hugh-Capet was Elected King by the Nobless of Nayon about the end of May in the Year 987. and afterwards Crown'd at Rheims without any regard had to Charles Duke of Lorrain Brother to Lotharius whom they hated because he had taken an Oath of Allegiance to the King of Germany for his Dutchy of Lorrain The next year Hugh-Capet caus'd his Son Robert also to be Crown'd However Duke Charles was not altogether out of hopes of re-investing himself in the States of his Ancestors and having seis'd on Laon and Rheims he made War for some time with Hugh but was taken in the Year 991. in the City of Laon and carried Prisoner to Senlis and from thence to Orleans where he was shut up in a Tower wherein he dy'd three years after And thus the Kingdom of France was transferr'd from the Carolignian Line to that of Hugh-Capet who liv'd till the Year 996. and left his Son Robert in quiet possession of the Kingdom which this good King govern'd till the Three and thirtieth year of the ensuing Century And thus much may suffice for what concerns the Political Estate of the Kingdom of France let us now proceed to the Ecclesiastical Affairs wherein the Archbishops of Rheims had a principal share FULCUS Arch-Bishop of Rheims FULCUS succeeded Hincmarus in the Arch-bishoprick of Rheims in the Year 882. He was Fulcus Arch-Bishop of Rheims a Person of Quality who had been a long time at Court Immediately he sent to Pope Marinus his Confession of the Faith according to Custom and receiv'd the Pall from him In a Second Letter he demanded a Confirmation of the Privileges granted by the Popes to his Predecessors and made Complaints to him of the Estate bequeath'd by his Brother Rampo for the building of a Monastery of which Ermenfroy who had married his Widdow had taken Possession Marinus wrote on this last point to to Gerard Arch-bishop of Sens in whose Diocess this Monastery was and to John Arch-bishop of Roan to whose Diocess Ermenfroy did belong giving him orders to enjoyn him to relinquish the Estate which he had so unjustly possess'd himself of and if he would not do it to make use of Canonical Punishments against him Fulcus wrote likewise to Pope Adrian the Successor of Marinus to Congratulate his Advancement to the Popedom and at the same time sent him some Copies of the Privileges granted by the Popes Leo Benedict and Nicholas to the Church of Rheims to which he desires him to grant a Confirmation In the same Letter he intreats him to send a Commission to the Arch-bishops of Sens and Roan to adjust the business of the Monastery which Ermenfroy had taken possession of and writes in favour of Frotarius Arch-bishop of Bruges who was accus'd by a Monk of his Diocess assuring the Pope that he had been Elected by the Bishops of his Province by the Clergy and Laity of his own Diocess and Confirm'd by Pope Marinus He sent another very submissive Letter to Pope Stephen wherein he thanks him for the Honour he did him in writing to him and in treating with him as a Friend and Brother Titles which he could not pretend to thinking it an Honour to be his Servant and Subject He assures him
his Province the Followers of this Heretick Berenger was likewise suspected of several other Errors Guitmond after Theodwin accuses Other Errors of Berenger him of believing That Infant-Baptism was null and of destroying lawful Marriages by permitting Men to abuse all Women without distinction Lanfrank and William of Malmsbury accuse him of harbouring a strange Contempt for the Writings of the Fathers Lastly Guitmond and S. Anselm relate as an Error which he had advanc'd That our Saviour after his Resurrection did not enter through the Chamber-door where his Disciples were before it was opened As to this Error 't is a Consequence of his Opinion about the Eucharist As for the two former forasmuch as they are not in the Writings of Berenger and were never as we can learn charg'd upon him by other Authors And since he has not been condemn'd for maintaining them nor ever oblig'd to retract them in any Council 't is hard to suppose that he taught them publickly and the rather because they are ancient Errors condemn'd long before that in the Church We have by us a Letter of Berenger to Asceline another to Richard the Abbot three Professions The Writings and Adversaries of Berenger of Faith a part of his Treatise in opposition to his second Profession of Faith And Father Mabillon has seen a Treatise in Manuscript against the third The Treatise which he compos'd against Adelman alias Alman Bishop of Bresse of which Sigibert of Gemblours makes mention and his other Pieces are lost He wrote in a dry and scholastick Stile Sigibert has reason for what he says when he tells us That he abus'd the Sophisms of Logick in opposition to the Apostolical Simplicity and that this could be no Excuse to him nor Edification to others because he rather rendred clear Things obscure than obscure Things clear He does not seem to have had very much Skill in the Antiquities of the Church His Error was oppos'd by Lanfrank Archbishop of Canterbury by Adelman Clerk of the Church of Liege and afterwards Bishop of Bresse by Asceline Monk of S. Evrow in Normandy by Guy Aretine Abbot of La-Croix-Saint-Leufroy by Durandus Abbot of Troarn by Hugh Bishop of Langres by Alberic Monk of Mount-Cassin by Guitmond Arch-bishop of Averse and by Alger Deacon of Liege and afterwards Monk of Cluny CHAP. III. Of the Writings of Lanfrank Arch-bishop of Canterbury of Guitmond of Alger and of the other Authors who have refuted the Error of Berenger LANFRANK descended from a very honourable Family of Pavia for his Father was Lanfrank Arch-bishop of Canterbury Warden or Keeper of the publick Archives where were reposited the Minutes of the Laws and Customs of the City After he had went through the course of his Studies in his own Country he went into France under the Reign of King Henry and came to Auranches where he taught publickly for some time In his Journey to Roan he was taken by High-way-Men who robb'd him and having bound him left him in a Forest near the Abby of Bec. On the Morrow some Passengers finding him in that Condition unbound him and upon his asking them Whether there were not a Monastery near that Place they directed him to the Abbey of Bec which was newly founded He retir'd thither and took upon him the Habit at the Hands of Herluin chief Abbot of that Monastery This happen'd in the Year 1041. The Genius the Learning and the Virtue of Lanfrank being soon discern'd he was elected Prior of his own Monastery and chosen by William I. Duke of Normandy to be one of his Counsellors of State He went to Rome under the Popedom of Leo IX and clear'd himself before that Pope from the Error of Berenger which was laid to his Charge He return'd thither a second time under the Popedom of Nicholas II. to request a Dispensation for the Marriage of Duke William with the Daughter of the Count of Flanders his Kinswoman which was granted upon Condition that the Duke and his Lady would build a Monastery The Duke gave Orders for the building the Monastery of S. Stephen of Caen of which Lanfrank was made Abbot in the Year 1063. He was so highly in the Duke's esteem that this Prince after he had conquer'd England could find none more proper than him to send to Rome to Pope Alexander II. to treat with him about the Reforming the Churches of that Kingdom After the Death of Maurillus Arch-bishop of Roan Lanfrank was pitch'd upon to be his Successor But he refus'd it And upon his Refusal the Bishop of Auranches having obtain'd that Arch-bishoprick Lanfrank went a fourth time to Rome to get this Translation to be approv'd of and to desire the Pall for that Arch-bishop He obtain'd his Request from the Pope who sent two Legats to crown William King of England and to reform the Churches These Legats held a Council at Windsor wherein they depos'd several Bishops who were convicted of Crimes or of gross Ignorance and among the rest Stigand Arch-bishop of The Council of Windsor Canterbury who had possess'd himself of that See by Intrigues and Violence Lanfrank was oblig'd against his Will by the express Command of Abbot Herluin to take upon him this Arch-bishoprick in the Year 1070. He govern'd that Church for Nineteen Years together with a great deal of Wisdom and Authority He still kept up his Credit with King William in whose Absence he was Regent of the Kingdom He dy'd a little after that Prince in May 1089. The largest Treatise of Lanfrank is his Commentary upon the Epistles of S. Paul He gives us the Text with some Illustrations in a Parenthesis and adds to this some Notes of Lanfranks Commentary on S. Paul's Epistles Explanation taken out of S. Augustin or out of the Commentary attributed to S. Ambrose or such as himself compos'd Those out of S. Augustin are to be met with in that Father but a great part of those which are cited under the Name of S. Ambrose are not to be met with in the Commentary which goes at present under the Name of that Saint And there are likewise some others which are S. Augustin's and are ascribed to S. Ambrose These Notes are short and sententious and the Author keeps close to the Literal Meaning and the Morality of the Epistles Peter Lombard cites several Passages out of this Commentary upon S. Paul which are not exactly in the same manner expressed by Lanfrank Lanfrank's Treatise of the Body and Blood of JESUS CHRIST is a Refutation of Lanfranks Treatise of the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ. a Piece which Berenger had made against the real presence of the Body of JESUS CHRIST in the Eucharist He tells him that he could wish that he might have a Conference with him being persuaded that it would be very advantageous either to reclaim him from his Error or at least to rectify his followers But that since he took upon him to maintain it in his
Bishop of Parma to be Elected Pope who was acknowledg'd as such by the Bishops and Princes on the other side the Alpes He intending to take Possession of the the Papal Chair by Force sat down with an Army before Rome but was beaten off by the Forces of Godfrey Marquis of Tuscany and of Matilda his Wife who had enter'd into the Interests of Alexander This first attempt proving very unsuccessful he return'd a second time with greater strength and became Master of the Town Leonina and of the Church of S. Peter but he was outed thence also and his Forces put into such a Consternation that he himself had like to have been taken and was forced to throw himself into a Castle from whence he very narrowly made his Escape by giving Mony to those who Besieg'd him Some time after Anno Arch-bishop of Cologne who had the greatest hand in the Administration of the Affairs of Germany ever since the Empress Agnes was remov'd being come into Italy and alledging that the Election of Pope Alexander was invalid because it was carry'd on without the Emperor's Approbation and because he lay under a suspicion of having given Mony for to be Elected It was agreed upon to call a Council at Mantua to adjust this difference Alexander and Cadalous met there with Peter Damien Hildebrand and several other Bishops of Italy Lombardy and Spain Alexander did there very stiffly defend his Election Cadalous had not the face to maintain his pretended Right and so withdrew The former likewise clear'd himself by Oath of the Accusation of Simony which was lay'd to his Charge so that Anno and the Bishops of Lombardy acknowledg'd him alone to be Lawful Pope But the Emperor's Prerogative was preserv'd for the future and Alexander was oblig'd to Pardon Cadalous and to make Guitbert Grand Signior of Parma Chancellor to King Henry and formerly the Popes greatest Enemy Arch-bishop of Ravenna This Council was held in the Year 1064. and put an end to a Schism which would have been the Cause of very great disturbances in the Church of Rome if it had continued as it had begun The year before Alexander had held a Council at Rome consisting of above One hundred The Councils under Alexander II. Bishops wherein he had reviv'd the Decrees of his Predecessors Leo IX and Nicholas II. against those who were guilty of Simony against those who kept Concubines against such of the Laity who seiz'd on the Revenues of the Church against those who Marry'd their Kindred till after the seventh Degree and against the Apostate Clergy and Monks This is only a renewal of the Council held under Nicholas II. In two other Councils held at Rome the year following Alexander Condemn'd those who maintain'd that the Degrees of Consanguinity ought to reach no farther than to Cousin-Germans which he calls the Heresy of the Nicolaitans He likewise Condemn'd those who had maintain'd that one may without being guilty of Simony give Mony to Princes to be instituted into the Revenues of the Church He makes use of Peter Damien to confute these Errors and sent him to Milan to reform the Clergy of that City into France to relieve the Monks of Cluny and to Florence to put an end to the Schism of the Church belonging to that City Whilst Peter Damien was employ'd in Reforming the Church Hildebrand Arch-deacon of Rome who had the sole Administration of Affairs relating to the Holy See made use of his utmost endeavours to advance the temporal Power thereof With the Assistance of Godfrey Marquiss of Tuscany and the Princess Matilda he repuls'd the Normans of Pozzuolo and oblig'd them to surrender several places He engag'd several Lords of Burgundy and France to bind themselves by Oath to defend the Church of Rome He exhorted William Duke of Normandy to take upon him the Kingdom of England vacant by the Death of King Edward Lastly From the Pontificate of Alexander he began the Contest with King Henry about the Right of Investitures and caus'd him to be cited to Rome upon that Subject We attribute all this to Hildebrand because 't is evident that it was he who Govern'd under the Name of Alexander II. who led a reserv'd and a retir'd Life and spent more of his time at Lucca and Mount Cassin than at Rome However he dy'd in that City April 22. in the Hear 1073. Since this Pope was eleven Years and some Months on the Chair we may very well expect The Letters of Alexander II. a great many Letters written in his Name We have Five and Forty of them compleat and the Fragments of several Acts related by Ives of Chartres and by Gratian His First Letter is directed to the Clergy and Laity of Milan whom he exhorts to lead a Christian Life The Second is directed to Harold King of Norway whom he exhorts to own the Arch-bishop of Breme as Vicar of the Holy See and to submit to him as such He reproves him for that the Bishops of his Kingdom were either not Consecrated or else had given Mony to be Consecrated By the Third directed to the King of Denmark he demands of that Prince the payment of what was due from that Kingdom to the Holy See By the Fourth directed to the Arch-bishop of Dalmatia and Sclavonia he sends him the Pall and gives him some Instructions concerning his Office The Fifth is the Decree of the Council of Rome of which we have already spoken In the Sixth directed to Gervais Arch-bishop of Rheims he writes to him against Cadalous congratulates him of the endeavours he us'd for the extirpation of Simony and intrusts him and the Arch-bishop of Sens with the Tryal of the Bishop of Orleans who was Charg'd with Simony and orders him to turn out the Abbot of S. Medard of Soissons Excommunicated long before and to Elect another in his Place This Letter is follow'd by a Decree made at Milan by two Cardinal Legats of the Holy See against the Clergy who were either guilty of Simony or kept Concubines The Seventh Letter is directed to the Bishops of Denmark whom he injoyns to be present at the Synod held by the Bishop of Hamburgh In the Eighth he exhorts William King of England to pay him the Peter-pence which were due to him In the Ninth he grants to Anno Arch-bishop of Cologne a Privilege which he had beg'd of him in the behalf of a Monastery The Tenth is directed to William King of England He exhorts him to take into his Protection the Ecclesiasticks of his Kingdom and advises him to follow Lanfrank's directions to whom he committed the Determination of the Bishop of Chester's Cause and of the Dispute on foot between the Arch-bishop of York and the Bishop of Dorchester In the Eleventh directed to Landulphus he determines that the Man who had Vow'd to take upon him the Monastick Life and had forc'd his Wife to consent to it ought not to be made a Monk till she should give
an Expedition for the recovery of it out of the Hands of that implacable Enemy of Christianity He grants Indulgences to those who shall take upon them the Cross for the Holy War and renews in their favour the special Privileges that were allow'd by his Predecessors in the like Case In the Second Letter he ordains That to deprecate the Wrath of God the Faithful should be oblig'd to fast during five Years on all Fridays from Advent to Christmass and that they should abstain from Flesh on Wednesdays and Saturdays By a Third Letter he confirms the Orders that his Predecessors had given to all the Ecclesiastical Judges to determine the Law-suits of private Persons The Five first Letters of Clement III. relate to the Contest that arose between John and Hugh Clement III's Letters about the Bishoprick of St. Andrew in Scotland In the Sixth he confirms the Rights and Immunities of the Church of that Kingdom The Seventh is the Act for the Canonization of Otto Bishop of Bamberg The First Letter of Celestin III. is directed to the Prelates of England whom he orders to Celestin III's Letters excommunicate all those who shall refuse to obey William Bishop of Ely Legate of the Holy See and Regent of the Kingdom in the absence of King Richard who was engag'd in the Expedition to the Holy Land By the Second he takes off the Excommunication denounced by Geffry Arch-bishop of York against Hugh Bishop of Durham The Third is the Act for the Canonization of St. Ubald Bishop of Eugubio The Fourth is an elegant Exhortation to induce the Christian Princes to make Peace that they may be in a Condition to regain the Holy Land In the Fifth directed to the Bishop of Lincoln he gives him a Commission to take cognizance of the Misdemeanours and Crimes of which the Arch-bishop of York was accus'd The Sixth sent to the Dean and Arch-deacon of the Church of Lincoln is written on the same Subject In the Seventh he constitutes Hubert Arch-bishop of Canterbury his Legate in England and in the Eighth orders the Bishops of England to acknowledge and obey him in that Quality The Ninth is a Fragment of a Letter directed to the Arch-bishop of Sens in which he declares null the Divorce that Philip King of France had made with Queen Batilda the Daughter of the King of Denmark under pretence of nearness of Kin and enjoyns him to re-take her In the Tenth he entreats Hubert Arch-bishop of Canterbury to levy Recruits to be sent into the Holy Land to King Richard The Three following Letters are written about the Disorders caus'd in the Church of York by the Arch-bishop He commits the Care and Reformation of that Church to Simon Dean of the Chapter and forasmuch as the Arch-bishop had appeal'd to the Holy See before the Bishop of Lincoln exhibited an Information against him he allows him time to come to Rome till the Festival of St. Martin but in case he do not then appear he orders the Bishop of Lincoln to proceed against him and in the mean while suspends him from the Government of his Province In the Fourteenth he orders Hubert Arch-bishop of Canterbury to oblige those who had taken upon them the Cross for the Expedition to the Holy Land to set forward on their Journey at least unless they were prevented by a lawful Impediment This Letter is follow'd by that of Philip Bishop of Beauvais written to Pope Celestin in which that Prelate complains That the King of England enter d the Territories of Beauvaisis with his Forces in a hostile manner and took him Prisoner The Pope return'd an Answer in the following Letter That he had no reason to make a Complaint of the Misfortune that befel him since he presum'd to take up Arms contrary to the Duty of his Profession besides that the Conduct of the King of England ought not to be blam'd in regard that the King of France had unjustly taken from him divers Towns contrary to the solemn Promise that he had made to that Prince not to commit any Hostilities against him 'till his return to his Dominions That instead of performing that Promise he determin'd to take the advantage of his Confinement And that the King of England being at last set at Liberty had good reason to oppose the Enterprizes of the King of France In the Sixteenth he enjoyns the Arch-bishop of Canterbury the Bishop of Lincoln and the Abbot of St. Edmund to re-establish in one of the Churches of England the Monks that were turn'd out under colour of the Pope's Bull got by surprize upon a false Exhibition In the last directed to William King of Scotland he confirms the Rights and Privileges of the Churches of that Kingdom CHAP. X. A Relation of the several Contests that Thomas Becket Arch-bishop of Canterbury had with Henry II. King of England THOMAS BECKET was a Native of the City of London the Capital of England His Father was nam'd Gilbert and his Mother Matilda Gilbert in his Youth took The Life of Thomas Becket before he was Arch-bishop of Canterbury upon him the Cross for the Holy War but upon his arrival at Jerusalem he was taken Prisoner and made a Slave by the Saracens During his Imprisonment he found means to obtain the favour of the Admiral 's Daughter in whose House he was confin'd and she conceiv'd so great an Affection for him that Gilbert having at last made his Escape she travell'd to London on purpose to meet him was baptiz'd there and afterwards marry'd to Gilbert by whom she had our Thomas who was born A. D. 1119. Before his Birth Gilbert return'd to the Holy Land where he continu'd three Years and a half having left his Wife in England This Gentlewoman took great care of the Education of her Son who in the very first blooming of his Youth shew'd the marks of what might be expected from him in a riper Age. He began his Studies at London and after having lost both his Father and Mother compleated them at Paris Upon his return to England he was employ'd in the management of Affairs and put himself into the Service of Theobald Arch-bishop of Canterbury At that time Henry Bishop of Winchester Brother to King Stephen was Legate in England who abus'd his Quality and Authority treating the other Bishops and even his Metropolitan with intolerable Arrogancy Thomas advis'd Theobald to shake off the Yoke and was sent by him to Pope Celestin II. to obtain a Revocation of Henry's Commission insomuch that being arriv'd at Rome he negotiated that Affair so successfully that the Pope depriv'd Henry of his Dignity and conferr'd it on the Arch-bishop of Canterbury Thomas was no sooner return'd to England but Theobald entrusted him with the management of the Affairs of his Church made him Arch-deacon of it some time after and bestow'd on him many Benefices Afterwards King Stephen dying and Henry II. Duke of Normandy succeeding him Thomas was constituted
of S. Laurence at Liege Herman Abbot of St. Martin at Tournay Falco of Beneventum Treatise of the illustrious Personages of his Monastery and of the Bishoprick of Liege published by Chapeaville in his Collection of Monuments relating to the Church of Liege HERMAN a Monk of St. Vincent at Laon and afterwards Abbot of St. Martin at Tournay flourished in the beginning of this Century He wrote a large Narrative of the Restauration of the Church of St. Martin at Tournay which contains the History of that Abbey from the Reign of Philip I. King of France to his time that is to say to the Year 1150. being inserted in the Twelfth Tome of Father Dachery's Spicilegium He likewise compil'd Three Books of the Miracles of St. Mary of Laon printed with the Works of Guibert of Nogent and another Manuscript Treatise about the Incarnation of Jesus Christ dedicated to Stephen Archbishop of Vienna FALCO OF BENEVENTUM who was created Magistrate of that City by Pope Innocent II. left a Chronicle or History from the Year 1102. to 1140. in which he gives a particular Account of Matters relating to his Native Country This Work was published by Father Caracioli of the Theatine Order and printed at Naples A. D. 1626. UDASCALCHUS a Monk compos'd a Relation of the Controversies between Herman Bishop Udascalchus a Monk of Augsburg and Egino Abbot of St. Ulric with a Poem concerning the Voyage and Death of the said Egino published by Canisius in the Second Tome of his Collection This Author wrote in the time of Pope Paschal II. and of Arnulphus Archbishop of Mentz some of whose Letters are inserted by him in his Relation ALEXANDER an Abbot in Sicily compil'd Four Books of the Life and Reign of Roger King Alexander Abbot in Sicily of Sicily which were printed at Saragossa A. D. 1578. and in the Book called Hispania illustrata This Author wrote after the Death of King Roger which happen'd in 1154. JOHN a Monk of Marmotuier wrote the History of the Actions of Geffrey Plantagenet Count John Monk of Marmoutier Geffrey or Walter de Vinesauf of Anger 's and Duke of Normandy published by M. du Bouchel and printed at Paris A. D. 1610. as also in M. du Chesne's Collection of the Historians of Normandy GEFFREY or WALTER DE VINESAUF of Norman Extraction but born in England after having run through a Course of Learning in his Native Country travell'd beyond Sea and acquir'd a great deal of Reputation He compos'd a Work in Hexameter Verse dedicated to Pope Innocent III under the Title of The new Poesy or the Art of Speaking and another Treatise about the planting and improving of Trees Both these Works are only in Manuscript but in the Second Tome of the English Historians printed at Oxford in 1687. is contain'd his History or the Itinerary of King Richard I. to the Holy Land which was attributed to other Authors in the same Place are also found certain Copies of Verses on King Richard ODO OF DEUIL Abbot of St. Cornelius at Compeigne and afterward Successor to Suger in Odo Abbot of St. Cornelius at Compeigne Laurence a Monk of Liege Suger Abbot of St. Denis the Abbey of St. Denis wrote a Relation of the Voyage of Lewes VII King of France to the Levant published by Father Chifflet in his Treatise of the Nobility of St. Bernard printed at Paris A. D. 1660. This Author died in 1168. LAURENCE a Monk of Liege being sent to Verdun resided in the Monastery of St. Vito and was employ'd in writing a Chronicle of the Bishops of that Diocess to the Year 1148. printed in the Twelfth Tome of the Spicilegium It is reported that he liv'd till A. D 1179. SUGER Abbot of St. Denis famous as well for his Learning and Zeal in maintaining the Rights of the Church as on account of the Nobleness of his Birth and the considerable Employments he obtain'd in the State wrote the Life of Lewes the Gross King of France divers Letters relating to the publick Affairs of the Kingdom during his Administration of the Government a Treatise of his Transactions in the Abbey of St. Denis a Narrative of the Consecration of that Church with certain Constitutions and his last Will and Testament These Monuments are extant in the Fourth Tome of the Historians by du Chesne except the Account of the Consecration of the Church which is not there entire and to which Father Mabillon added a Supplement in the First Tome of his Analecta Suger was chosen Abbot of St. Denis A. D. 1122. during his residence at Rome and consecrated in 1123. He died in 1153. ALDEBERT or ALBERT Abbot of Hildesheim flourished in the Year 1160. He wrote a Relation of the Restauration of his Monastery to the Benedictins under Pope Eugenius III. which Aldebert or Albert Abbot of Hildesheim Teulphus Monk of Maurigny Hugh of Poitiers Monk of Vezelay Richard Prior of Hagulstadt Thierry or Theodoric a Monk A Nameless Author Geffrey Prior of Vigeois Gonthier Monk of St. Amand. was published by Gretser and printed at Ingolstadt A. D. 1617. TEULPHUS a Monk of Maurigny compos'd in the Year 1150. a Chronicle of his Monastery from A. D. 1008. to 1147. which is to be found in the Three Tomes of the Historians by M. du Chesne HUGH OF POITIERS a Benedictin Monk Secretary to the Abbey of Vezelay began in the Year 1156. by Order of Ponce Abbot of Vezelay the History of that Monastery and compleated it in 1167. under William Abbot of the same Abbey It is divided into Four Books and was published by Father Dachery in the Third Tome of his Spicilegium RICHARD an English Man of the County of Northumberland Monk and Prior of the Monastery of Hagulstadt flourished An. Dom. 1180. and died in 1190. His Works were published among those of the English Historians printed at London in 1652. They are an History of the Church and Bishops of Hagulstadt that of the Actions of King Stephen and that of the War manag'd by Standardius from A. D. 1135. to 1139. THIERRY or THEODERIC a Monk wrote about the Year 1180. a compendious History of Ecclesiastical Affairs and of the Kings of Norway published with another Piece of a NAMELESS Author concerning the Expedition which the Danes undertook to the Holy Land A. D. 1185. which was set forth by Gasper Kirkman from the Memoires of John Kirkman of Lubâ—â— his Uncle and printed at Amsterdam in 1684. GEFFREY a French Monk of the Monastery of St. Martial at Limoges and afterward Prior of Vigeois in the same Diocess who was ordain'd Priest in 1167. by Geraud Bishop of Cahors wrote a Chronicle or History of France from the Year 996. to 1184. which was published by Father Labbe in the Second Tome of his new Library of Manuscripts GONTHIER or GONTHERIUS a Monk of the Abbey of St. Amand had the Reputation of being a good Poet and compos'd a Poem of the Exploits of the
of Folly JANOVEZ of Majorca made a Book in which he undertook to The Visions of Janovez foretell that Antichrist should come at Whitsuntide in the Year 1360. That the Sacraments of the Church and the unbloody Sacrifice should then cease that the Christians who should have on them the Mark of Antichrist should never be converted but that Children Jews Saracens and Infidels should be converted after the Death of Antichrist The Opinion of JOHN de LATONA and d'Bonagetâ— of the Order of Grey-Friars is not so extravagant The Opinion of John de Latona about the Sacrament they erred by paying too much respect to the Sacrament in preaching that if a consecrated Host fell into a dirty place the Body of JESUS CHRIST would re-ascend to Heaven though the Elements remained and the Substance of Bread return'd that the same would happen if the Host were eaten by Rats or other Beasts and that the Body of JESUS CHRIST returned to Heaven while we were eating the Host and descended not into the Stomach We have Divines of the Ninth and Eleventh Centuries who were of the like Sentiments This Doctrine was also current in this Century in the Provinces of Saragoza and Tarragona but Pope Gregory XI having caused it to be enquired into by two Cardinals they ordered the Archbishops of these two Cities to forbid the Preaching of these Propositions on Pain of Excommunication The same Year ARNOLDUS de MONTANIER of the Order of Grey-Friars a Native of Puicerda The Errors of Arnold de Montanier in Catalonia who had already been informed against to Nicolas Roselli Inquisitor of the Faith continuing to publish his Errors was condemned by Eymericus and by Berengarius Bishop of Urgel and Arrested by order of Gregory XI He taught according to the report of Eymericus that JESUS CHRIST and the Apostles had nothing in peculiar nor yet in common that none of those that wear the Habit of St. Francis shall be Damn'd that St. Francis every Year went down to Purgatory and took thence them of his Order to conduct them to Paradise and in fine that the Order of St. Francis must last to Eternity This is a Chain of the Errors of the Spiritual Brethren condemned by John XXII The TURLUPINES who swarm'd about the close of this Century in Provence and Dauphine were The Turlupines so called for their infamous Practices for besides the Errors of the Begards they held That we ought not to be ashamed of the Parts which Nature has given us they went all naked and did in the presence of all People actions which Modesty teaches us to conceal Divers of them were Burnt at Paris and other places and Gregory XI exhorted Amadeus Duke of Savoy to lend a helping hand to the Inquisitors to extirpate them In England SIMON LANGHAM Archbishop of Canterbury gave Judgment at Lambeth in the Errors condemned by Simon Langham Year 1368. by the Advice of many Divines against Thirty erroneous Propositions taught in his Province which for the most part are resolved into this Principle That all Men even Infidels and Children dying without Baptism have a Vision of God before their Death and if they are willing then to be converted to God they shall be saved that thus Baptism is not necessary to Salvation that none are damn'd for Original Sin alone and that no Person shall be damned even for any Actual Sin if he refuses not to be converted having had the Vision of God the which is a Sin not to be forgiven for the atonement whereof even the Suffering of JESUS CHRIST is in-sufficient There are also some erroneous Propositions concerning other Matters such as these That the Father and the Son are finite and that only the Holy Ghost is Infinite that JESUS CHRIST the Virgin and all the Saints are yet Mortal that the Virgin and the Saints may yet Sin and be damn'd and that all the Devils may be saved Although Wickliffe appeared and taught these Errors in this Century we put off the treating of them to the following Age to the end we may at once give an History of them and their Condemnation CHAP. IX Ecclesiastical Observations on the Fourteenth Century WE will not dwell upon Scholastical Questions discussed by the Divines of this Age. It would The Question of the Ecclesiastical Poâ—er over Matters Temporal be an intolerable Task only to repeat all their Disputes We will only make some Observations upon the Questions of Consequence which have made a noise in the Church One of the Chief is that of the Power of the Pope and the Church over the Temporalties of Kings The Popes pretended to make a new Doctrine of it but in coveting too much they lost what they had Usurped Till then no Man had any Thoughts to examine their Right and they seemed thereupon to be put in possession The haughtiness wherewith they had a Mind to practise it over Philip the Fair and over Lewis of Bavaria made it plain of what consequence it was and induced Princes to search into the Matter Thence they discover'd the weakness of their Pretence and opposed it they recover'd out of their Error the Soveraignty of Princes was confirmed as to Temporals and the bounds of both Powers fixed They began to dispute with the Clergy the Right of which they were possess'd to exercise Temporal Jurisdiction and to take cognisance of many Civil Causes under colour of Excommunication an Oath and Sin They had a Mind likewise to invade the Privileges of the Clergy and the Revenues of the Church But they defended themselves stoutly and maintain'd their Jurisdiction and Immunities by a great number of Canons and Regulations wherein they used all the ways imaginable to maintain themselves in their Privileges nevertheless they own'd some Abuses of their Jurisdiction and applied Remedies thereto but notwithstanding all this they lost by degrees part of their Temporal Jurisdiction The Residence of the Popes and the Court of Rome at Avignon whatever may be suggested did The Effects of the residence of Popes at Avignon not lessen the Power of the Holy See The French Kings made no sinister use thereof to obtain favours of the Popes which might prove prejudicial to their Authority But as Monsieur Baluzius observes after Nicolas Clemangis the Italians brought into France the Debaucheries and Luxury of their Country Vices from which till then it had been wholly free The Court of Rome likewise introduced a way of litigious wrangling at Law The Popes levied the Tenths on the Clergy or else permitted the Kings to do it on divers Pretences The Schism which followed involved the Church in Troubles overthrew the Method observed in Elections and Collations of Benefices filled the Churches with mercenary Pastors obliged the Competitors to do many mean things with the Princes to be upheld to sell Benefices or bestow them on their Creatures and exorbitantly to levy the Tenths on the Clergy It is hard to determine which of the
us'd by the Ancients the Twenty fourth wherein he describes very pleasantly a Property he had of smelling an Evil Scent in Pestilential Places the Twenty seventh wherein he treats Leamedly of the Causes of the Pest the Thirty ninth wherein he relates two Stories which had been told him by a Man whom he met in a Journey one about an Assassination discover'd in an extraordinary manner and the other of a Wild â—nd Hairy Man taken in a Forest the Sixty first wherein he relates a Story of a visible Judgment upon a wicked Wretch This Author is no whit inferiour to the Ancients for Eloquence and Nobleness of Thought and as to the Purity of his Words and the Chasteness of his Latin Style he does even surpass them His Discourse is adorn'd with the Natural Ornaments of true Eloquence without Affectation and abounds in choice Words rich Thoughts and happy Applications of the Passages of Sacred and Prophane Authors It is a little too Luxuriant in his Declamations and too Biting in his Satyrs but it is pleasant in his Descriptions polish'd in his Naâ—artives full in his Instructions earnest in his Exhortations and wise in his Advices In fine whatever may be said of him he will always pass in any Age whatsoever for an Author worthy to be read and valued Gerard Machet after he had studied in the College of Navar towards the end of the preceeding Gerard Machet Bishop of Castres Century took a Doctor 's Degree in 1411. He was promoted some time after to a Canonry in the Church of Paris and discharg'd the Office of Vice-Chancellor in the absence of Gerson and in this Quality he was appointed by the University to harangue the Emperor Sigismund as he pass'd through France Charles VII made choice of him for his Confessor and gave him the Bishoprick of Castres He wrote many Letters which are found in Manuscript in the Church of St. Martin at Tours whereof Monsieur Launoy speaks in his History of the College of Navar and has given us the Titles of the Chief of them but he has drawn nothing from them very remarkable as to Ecclesiastical Matters John de Courtecuisse in Latin Brevicoxa born in the Country of Mayence was admitted in John de Courtecuisse Bishop of Geneva the Year 1367. into the College of Navar where he took the Degree of Doctor in 1388. and after that was one of the Ambassadors from King Charles VI. to the Popes Benedict and Boniface for obtaining the Peace of the Church He was afterwards of the Opinion of the Substraction and made a Discourse in 1408. against the Interdict under which the Kingdom was laid by Benedict for which he was rewarded with the Office of Almoner to the King He perform'd the Duty of Chancellor to the University of Paris in the absence of Gerson and was afterwards chosen Bishop of Paris in 1420 But because he was not acceptable to the King of England who was then Master of that City he could not continue in the Possession of the Bishoprick but was forc'd to hide himself in the Monastery of St. Germain Despres and chose rather to quit Paris and go to Geneva whereof he had been made Bishop in the Year 1422. than submit to the Domineering of the English The Year of his Death is not certainly known His Works are not yet come to Light Those which are found in Manuscript are as follow A Treatise of the Power of the Church and the Council in the Bibliotheque of St. Victor A French Version of a Treatise about the Vertues of Seneca in the King's Library Divers Questions of Theology and Lectures upon many places of the Gospel in the Libraries of St. Victor and of the Church of Paris John of Lignano a Lawyer of Milan wrote a Book upon the Clementines and divers other Treatises of Ecclesiastical and Civil Law which are to be found in the Collection of Law-Treatises John of Lignano a Lawyer Printed at Venice in 1584. Among the rest there is a Treatise of Friendship a Treatise of the Plurality of Benefices a Treatise of Ecclesiastical Censures a Treatise of the Canonical Hours a Treatise of the Ecclesiastical Interdict and some Explications of the Three first Books of the Decretals He flourish'd at the beginning of the Fifteenth Century Rainaldus has publish'd at the end of the Seventeenth Tome of his Annals a Treatise of this Learned Lawyer in behalf of Urban VI. wherein he defends the Election of that Pope Nicholas Biart an English-man of the Order of Friars Predicant flourish'd at the beginning of the Fifteenth Century and wrote some Sermons some Moral Distinctions and a Sum about Nicholas Biart a Dominican Abstinence Works which are to be met with in Manuscript in England Adrian the Carthusian a Fleming flourish'd at the beginning of this Century and wrote in imitation of Petrarch a Treatise of the Remedies of both Fortunes Printed at Colen in Adrian the Carthusian 1471. Thomas Abbot of St. Andrew at Verceil of the Order of St. Benedict according to some and according to others Canon-Regular wrote a Commentary upon the Books attributed to Thomas Abbot of St. Andrew at Verceilles St. Denis the Areopagite Printed at Colen in 1526. with the Commentary of Denis the Carthusian upon the same Books There is also attributed to him a Commentary in Manuscript upon the Canticles He floâ—…sh'd according to some at the beginning of this Century and according to others in the Thirteenth John Petit a Licentiate in Theology of the Faculty of Paris of the Order of Friars Minors John Petit Friar Minor being a Mercenary Soul had the Impudence to maintain by word of Mouth and by Writing the Assassination of the Duke of Orleans in the Year 1407. by Order of the Duke of Burgundy whose Creature this Regular was He being condemn'd for this and driven away from the University of Paris retir'd to Hesdin where he died in 1411. He wrote besides this Treatise which was burnt at Paris another Book about Schism and some Questions which are to be met with in Manuscript in the Library of St. Victor At the same time a Regular of the Order of Friars Predicant call'd Martin Poree undertook to defend the same Cause and wrote a Treatise upon the same Subject for which he was Martin Poree Bishop of Arras rewarded with the Bishoprick of Arras This Treatise is to be found in Manuscript in the Library of the College of Navar together with the Answer Poree was one of the Ambassadors from the Duke of Burgundy to the Council of Constance and afterwards made a Journy into England He died September the 6th 1426. There was towards the end of the Pontificat of Boniface IX an English Writer nam'd Paul a Doctor in Law who wrote about the Year 1404. a Treatise Entitled A Mirror of the Pope Paul an English Doctor in Law and his Court by way of Dialogue wherein he writes against the Abuses
May in 1459. His Principal Work is an Historical Summary or a Tripartite Chronicle from the beginning of the World to the year 1459. which is nothing but a Collection taken out of many Historians and without much choice It was Printed at Venice in 1480. at Nuremberg in 1484. at Basil in 1491. and at Lyons in 1586. His Theological Summ was Printed at Memmingen in 1483. at Strasburg in 1496. and at Venice in 1591. His Summ of Confession has been Printed in many Places at Strasburg in 1492. and 1499. at Paris in 1516. at Lyons in 1564. and at Venice in 1572. There are Treatises of this Author about Excommunication and the other Ecclesiastical Censures Printed in the Collection of Law-Treatises There is also a Treatise of his about the Disciples of Emaus Printed with his Life before the year 1500. a Treatise of Vertues Printed at Nuremberg in the year 1472. and Annotations upon the Donation of Constantine Printed at Collen in 1535. besides many other Manuscript Works Leonard Aretine and Poggio who were Celebrated Authors for Polite Learning employ'd their Leonard Aretine and John Baptista Poggio pains about Matters very different from Religion yet some of their Works may have a Reference to it as the excellent Discourse of the former against Hypocrites Printed in the Collection of Othuin Gratius and with a Dialogue against Hypocrisie by Poggio at Lyons in 1679. The description of the Death of Jerom of Prague Address'd by Poggio to Leonard Aretine in the same Collection and among the Works of John Huss The Funeral Orations of Francis Zabarella Nicolas Albergat Cardinals and of Laurence de Medicis by Poggio Four Books of the variety of Fortune Dedicated to Nicolas V. by the same Author a Discourse of the Authority and Power of the Pope and Council by the same a Treatise of Nobility and another of Human Misery These two Authors excell'd in the Study of the Greek and Latin Tongues and both of them were Secretaries to Popes the former under Gregory XII Alexander V. and John XXIII the latter under the following Popes The former died in 1443. and the latter in 1459. both of them at Florence whither Laurentius de Medicis had call'd them John de Stavelo of the Diocese of Liege a Benedictine Monk of St. Lawrence of Liege wrote John de Stavelo and John Losse Benedictine Monks Matthew Palmier a Florentine the History of the Actions of the Bishops of Liege to the year 1449. and was continued by another John de Losse of the same Order Matthew Palmier a Florentine wrote a Chronicle from the beginning of the World to the year 1449. of which there is nothing Printed but what follows the Chronicle of St. Prosper i. e from the year 444. in the Edition of Basil of the Chronicle of Eusebius 'T is said that this Author having made a Poem about the Angels in Italian was accus'd of Arianism upon the account of some words that escap'd him in that Work and that he refusing to retract his Errors was burnt but this Story is groundless The Chronicle of this Author was continued down to the year 1481. by another who had or took upon him the same Sirname and is no otherwise distinguish'd but by the name of Matthias Matthias Palmerius which was given him instead of that of Matthew this Author was also of Pisa or Vicenza He Translated also the History of Aristeas which was Printed at Basil in 1536. and 1551. John Capgrave an English-man of the Order of Friars Hermites of St. Augustine a Doctor of John Capgrave an Augustine Oxford and Confessor to the Duke of Gloucester Flourish'd about the middle of this Century and died in the year 1464. He wrote a Catalogue or a Legend of the Saints of England Printed at London in 1516. and there are in England many other Manuscript Works of the same Author †Viz. His Comment upon Genesis and the Acts of the Apostles and the Lives of all the Famous Henries to H. VI. Whart App. p. 132. Nicolas Cusanus Cardinal Nicolas of Cusa so call'd from the Name of the place of his Birth scituate upon the Banks of the Moselle in the Diocese of Treves the Son of a poor Fisherman was advanc'd by his Merits to the Highest Ecclesiastical Dignities He was at first a Canon-Regular afterwards Arch-Deacon of Liege and Dean of St. Florin in Constance He was present at the Council of Basil and was one of the greatest Defenders of the Authority of the Council above the Pope Upon this Occasion he wrote a Considerable Work Entituled Of Catholick Agreement which was divided into Three Parts After this he chang'd sides and turn'd over to Pope Eugenius's Party and was Employ'd by him in Embassies into Germany and France and promoted by Nicolas V. December the 20th 1448. to the Dignity of a Cardinal with the Title of St. Peter adVincula He was sent again into Germany and made Bishop of Brixen in the County of Tyrol which occasion'd a difference with Sigismund Duke of Austria who forc'd him at last to depart out of Germany He died at Todi in Italy August 12. 1464. Aged 63 years The Works which he wrote are these following Three Books of Learned Ignorance wherein he endeavours to give Ideas of the Essence of God of the Trinity and of other Mysteries of Religion drawn from Metaphysical and Mathematical Principles This Work is very abstract and obscure which being attack'd by somebody he wrote an Apology for it The two Books of Conjectures are yet less intelligible and less useful and contain nothing but Metaphysical Notions which are of no use The Piece about the Filiation of God is founded upon the same Principles and written in the same method The Dialogues upon Genesis upon Wisdom and Wit and about Statical Experiments have something in them more solid and descend more to particulars The Treatise of the Vision of God is more pathetical and contains fine Meditations The two Books of the Globe are written to give an Idea of the Mystery of the Trinity by this Figure and he enlarges upon the same Argument in another Dialogue The Book about Beryl contains divers Metaphysical Principles which are very confus'd The Books of the Gifts of the Father of Lights of seeking after God of the pursuit of Wisdom contain divers abstract and general Maxims which are above our knowledge The Book of the top of Theory is almost unintelligible the Dialogue of an Unknown God may be of some use These are the Works contain'd in the First Tome now follow those in the Second A Dialogue upon the Annunciation of the Virgin a Work Entituled Excitations divided into Ten Books which contain Allegorical and Mystical Reflections upon many Select passages of Holy Scripture Three Books of Catholick Agreement wherein he Treats 1. Of the Church in it self 2. Of the Priesthood and the Authority of General Councils and of the Pope 3. Of the Empire and the Power of Princes
the Council from Florence to Rome by the Bull of Eugenius dated May the 3d. An Assembly at Frankfurt for the holding a New General Council Flavius Blondus John Ernest. Henry of Werlis Andrew of Utreckt Flourish'd Leonard Aretin died the 9th of March aged 74 Years The Death of Gerard of Stredam Augustine of Rome died in this Year or rather in 1445. 1443 XIII IV. XXI 1443. A Letter of the Eastern Patriarchs against Metrophanes Patriarch of Constantinople The Death of Metrophanes on the 1st of August Gregory the Protosyncelle chosen in his room A Council at Jerusalem against Metrophanes the Patriarch of Constantinople held in the Month of April A Translation of the Council of Basil to Lausane by the Decree of May the 16th An Assembly at Nuremberg held about the Feast of St. Martin for the Peace of the Church  1444 XIV V. XXII 1444. Decrees of the Pope Eugenius for the Syrians Caldeans Nestorians Maronites and other Sects in the East  The Birth of Aelius Anthony le Brixa or Nebrissensis St. Bernardin of Siena died the 20th of May. The Death of Julian Caesâ—in a Cardinal 1445 XV. VI. XXIII The Death of the Emperor John Manuel Palaeologus on the 31st of October His Son Constantine succeeded him 1445. The Council of Roan The Death of John Tudeschus who was call'd Panormitanus 1446 XVI VII I. 1446.  St. Antonine is made Archbishop of Naples in the Month of February Albert of Sarciano wrote his Treatise about the Rebukes that were due to Insolent Men. Nicolas Cusanus was nominated Cardinal December 20th Bartholomew a Carthusian died the 12th of July The Death of William Lyndwood 1447 The Death of Eugenius IV. Febr. the 23d Nicolas V. is chosen in his room on the 6th of March. VIII II. 1447.   1448 II. IX III. 1448. The Council of Anger 's Gerard Machel died the 17th of July 1449 III. Felix Renounced the Papal Dignity and so put an end to the Schism X. IV. 1449.  Matthew Palmier finish'd his Chronicle John of Stavelo finish'd his Chronicle and died 1450 IV. XI V. 1450.  John of Turrecremata is promoted to the Bishoprick of Ozenle in Gallicia which he quitted for that of Albano in Italy Laurence Justinian is advanc'd to the Dignity of Patriarch of Aquileia John Capgrave John Canales Flourish'd The Death of Albert of Sarciano 1451 V. XII VI. Amirath the Emperor of the Turks dies in the Month of February and his Son Mahomet II. succeeded him 1451. A Censure of the Faculty of Theology at Paris against two Propositions contrary to the Rights of Parish-Priests advanc'd at Roan by John Bartholomew of the Order of Friars Minors  John of Hagen or of Indagine James of Clusa of Paradise or Junterbuck Flourish'd 1452 VI. XIII VII 1452.  Henry Kaltesein is made Archbishop of Nidrosia or Dront in Norway and of Caesarea The Death of Peter of Jeremy 1453 VII XIV VIII The Taking of the City of Constantinople by the Turks under the Command of Mahomet II on the 29th of May. The Emperor Constantine was kill'd in it and the Empire of the Greeks at Constantinople ended in his Person 1453. The Pope imposes Tenths upon the Clergy for a War against the Turks   1454 VIII XV. John II. King of Castile died the 10th of July Henry IV. his Son succeeded him  1454.  The Death of Alphonsus Tostatus 1455 The Death of Nicolas V. on the 25th of March. Callistus III. is chosen in his room on the 8th of April XVI  1455. The beginning of the Contest between Sigismund Duke of Austria and the Cardinal of Cusa about the execution of the Cardinals Jurisdiction in his Bishoprick of Brixen The Duke is cited by the Pope  Laurence Justinian dies on the 8th of January The Death of John of Anagnia 1456 II.  XVII 1456. An Appeal made by the University of Paris from a Bull of Pope Nicolas V. against the Rights of Parish-Priests in favour of the Regulars Mendicants who are Expell'd the University A Revocation of that Bull by Calistus III. The Council of Soissons St. John Capistran dies the 3d of October aged 71 Years 1457 III.  XVIII 1457. The Regulars Mendicants renounce the Bull and are at last restor'd to the University The Pope imposes Tenths for a War against the Turks   1458 The Death of Callistus III. on the 6th of August Pius II. is chosen on the 19th of the same Month. I.  XIX Alphonsus King of Arragon dies at Naples on the 27th of June John his Brother succeeds him 1458. Pope Pius renews the Censures of his Predecessor against the Duke of Austria who appeals from him to a Council and Gregory of Heimburg draws up the Act of Appeal  Alphonsus Spina writes his Treatise entituled The Fortress of Faith The Death of Dominic Capranica The Death of Maphaus Vegius 1459 II.  XX. 1459. The Imposition of Tenths for a War against the Turks which Germany would not endure The Duke of Austria takes the Cardinal of Cusa Prisoner who could not obtain his Liberty without paying a great Ransom  St. Antonin finishes his Historical Sum and dies the 2d of May aged 70 Years The Death of John Baptista Poggio 1460 III. XXI Henry VI. K. of England is Conquer'd by Richard Duke of York who causes himself to be declar'd King This latter was overcome and slain by Queen Margaret the Daughter of Renatus Duke of Anjou 1460. Bulls of Excommunication by the Pope dated August the 2d against the Duke of Austria and his Adherents Another Bull of Excommunication of October 18th against Gregory of Heimburg who wrote Notes upon it and made a Reproachful Appeal against this Bull.   VVilliam of Vorilong Nicolas of Orbellis Gregory of Heimburg Theodore Laelius Henry Gorcome or Goricheme John Gobelin Henry Arnold Matthew Camaride George Codinus VVilliam Houpelande Flourish'd 1461 IV. XXII Charles VII K. of France dies on the 22d of July in the 30th Year of his Reign and Louis XI his Son succeeds him Edward IX Son of Richard drove away Henry VI. and Margaret his Wife and is declar'd King of England in the Month of June 1461   James Picolomini is made Cardinal Denis Rickel a Carthusian John of Grinstrode John Canneman John of Malines John of Nivelle James Zenus Flourish'd 1462 V. XXIII 1462.   The Birth of John Trithemeus on the 1st of February Ducas a Greek Author finish'd his Byzantine History 1463 VI. XXIV 1463.   St. Katharine of Bologne died the 9th of March and Flavius Blondus the 4th of June Leonicus Calchondylus finish'd his History of the Turks The Birth of John Picus of Mirandula 1464 Pius II. dies on the 14th of August Paul II. is chosen the 1st of September I. XXV  1464. The Institution of the Order of the Knights of the Moon by Renatus Duke of Anjou  John of Turrecremata exchang'd his Bishoprick of Albano
Chancellor of England A. D. 1158. and obtain'd the Administration of the publick Affairs of the whole Kingdom At last he was nominated by the King to the Arch-bishoprick of Canterbury in 1161. after the Death of Theobald and was ordain'd on Whit-sunday in the same Year This Prelate was no Election of Thomas Arch-bishop of Canterbury sooner advanc'd to that high Station but he vigorously apply'd himself to the maintaining of the Interests and Liberties of the Church In the beginning of his Government he found means to wrest the Ecclesiastical Revenues out of the Hands of the Noble-men who had usurp'd them and persuaded the King to fill up the Episcopal Sees of Hereford and Worcester which had been vacant for a long time But it was difficult for him who had undertaken stifly to maintain the Rights of the Church to avoid falling out with his Prince about particular Interests upon which account he was oblig'd to resign the Office of Chancellor After that step he made a demand again with much resolution of the Revenues and Rights which he pretended to belong to the Church of Canterbury and which were in the possession of the King and of the Nobility He vehemently oppos'd the Outrages and Exactions with which the great Lords were wont to oppress the People and the Clergy He endeavour'd to abolish the Custom that was introduc'd in England of adjudging to Princes the Revenues of vacant Churches and of deferring to supply those Churches with Ministers in order to enjoy them longer and he asserted That Clergy-men guilty of Misdemeanours were not under the Jurisdiction of Civil Magistrates but that they ought to be brought before the Bishop to be degraded and condemned to Ecclesiastical Penalties without delivering them up to the Secular Power nevertheless if in process of time they committed new Crimes the Temporal Justice might then apprehend them because they were no longer to be look'd upon as Clergy-men The obstinate defence of the last Article chiefly caus'd Thomas to incur the King's displeasure The original of the Contests between the King of England and Thomas Becket and gave occasion to the Quarrel For a Canon of Bedford nam'd Philip Brock having abus'd one of the King's Officers before whom he was summon'd that Prince determin'd to bring him to condign Punishment The Arch-bishop suspended the Canon from his Ecclesiastical Functions and Benefice for several Years but the King not being satisfied with those proceedings requir'd that he might be put into the Hands of the Secular Justice Upon the Arch-bishop's refusal to do it the King held an Assembly of the Bishops of his Kingdom in the Abbey of Westminster where he made a Remonstrance that it was expedient for the publick Benefit that Clergy-men should be tryed by the Civil Magistrates and condemned to afflictive Punishments by reason that the scandal of Degradation did not at all move those whom the Sanctity of their Function could not restrain from the committing of Crimes Thomas who was at the Head of that Assembly after having debated with the other Bishops reply'd to the King That the Bishops could not relinquish a Right which was granted to them by Henry I. his Grand-Father and confirm d by the solemn promise of King Stephen and that they entreated his Majesty to call to Mind the Oath that he took on the Day of his Coronation to maintain the Church in its Liberty and Rights Whereupon the King demanded whether they were disposed to observe the Customs and Constitutions of his Kingdom 〈◊〉 Thomas reply'd that they were ready to do it provided their Rights were secur'd Salvo Ordine Suo and all the Prelates made the same Answer except the Bishop of Chichester nam'd Henry who chang'd the last Words and said that he would punctually observe those Customs King Henry was extremely incens'd at the restriction they put on their Promise after he had so often press'd them to no purpose to engage absolutely to observe the Customs of the Kingdom without any limitation and left the Assembly quite transported with Anger The next Day he sent to demand of the Arch-bishop of Canterbury the Grants for all the Governments that were conferr'd on him whilst he was Chancellor of England and speedily departed from London shewing evident marks of his high displeasure against the Bishops Insomuch that their dread of his Anger and of the ill effects that it might produce and the sollicitations which that Prince caus'd to be made induc'd many of them to yield to give satisfaction to his Majesty and these us'd their utmost endeavours to bring the others to the same Temper Thomas stood to his Resolution for a long time but being at last overcome by the frequent and pressing entreaties of the Prelates and of his best Friends he suffer'd himself to be prevail'd upon went to meet the King at Oxford and promis'd to observe the Customs of the Kingdom for the future without any manner of Restriction The King to render this Declaration more Authentick call'd an Assembly of the Bishops An Assembly at Clarendon and Noble-men of the Kingdom at Clarenden A. D. 1164. in which he oblig'd the Arch-bishop of Canterbury and the other Prelates to take an Oath that they would carefully observe the Customs of the Kingdom and at the same time caus'd a verbal Process to be drawn up containing the Articles of those Customs that were to be acknowledg'd by the Bishops and which were sixteen in Number The First imports That when any Contests arise between the Laity and Clergy about the presentation to Benefices they ought to be regulated in the King's Court The Second That the Revenues of Mannors depending on the King's Demeans cannot be made over to Churches without his Majesty's Concession The Third That the Clergy-men acqused or impeached by the King's Officers shall be oblig'd to repair to his Court to the and that enquiry may be made whether they ought to be tried there or whether they ought to be sent back to the Ecclesiastical Courts of Judicature and that being thus sent back the King 's Chief Justice shall depute a Person to be Witness of the Proceedings of that Court That if the Clergy-man be convicted or confess his Crime the Church cannot have a Right any longer to protect him The fourth Article declares That the Arch-bishops Bishops and the King 's other Subjects cannot depart the Kingdom without his Majesty's leave and in case it be granted they shall give him good assurance that they will not act contrary to his Interest The Fifth That excommunicated Persons shall not be obliged to give security for their continuing in the Country but only to stand to the Judgment of the Church when it shall be thought 〈◊〉 to grant them Absolution The Sixth That no other Informers or Witnesses shall be admitted against Laicks but such as are allow'd by the Laws The Seventh That all those who hold any Lands of the King or are of the number of his Officers cannot
of the Ordinances of the Council of London A. 1125. St. Bernard composes his Treatise of the Duties of Bishops which he dedicates to Henry Archbishop of Sens and at the same time makes a Discourse to the Clergy of Paris call'd Of Conversion 1128 IV. The Pope Excommnicates Roger Duke of Sicily IV. X. The Death of Albero Bishop of Liege January the 1st Stephen Abbot of St. John at Chartres is made Patriarch of Jerusalem Drogo or Dreux Priof St. Nicaise of Rheims is constituted first Abbot of St. John at Laon by Bartholomew de Foigny Bishop of that City Peter Library-Keeper of Mount Cassin is expell'd that Monastery by the envy of his Companions and retires to the Emperor who Constitutes him his Secretary and Chaplain and employs him in several Negotiations A Council at Troyes held Jan. 13. which confirms the Institution of the Order of the Knights Templars and prescribes 'em a Rule and a Form of a White Habit upon which Pope Eugenius III. afterwards ordain'd that a red Cross should be worn St. Bernard composes this Year his Treatise of Grace and Free Will. Drogo or Dreux 1129 V. Lewes the Gross King of France causes his Son Philip to be crown'd April the 14th V. XI The Pope sends Legate to Denmark Gregory deCrescentia Cardinal of Theodorus A Council at Châlons held Feb. 2. in which Henry Bishop of Verdun resigns his Bishoprick according to St. Bernard's advice and Ursio Abbot of St. Denis at Rheims is substituted in his place The Death of Gauterius Bishop of Maguelone 1130 The Death of Honorius II. Feb. 14. INNOCENT II. is chosen the same day The Schism of Peter de Leon who assumes the Name of Anacletus Innocent is acknowledg'd in the Assembly of Etampes and goes into France I. VI. Lewes the Gross King of France magnificently entertains Pope Innocent at Orleans Henry I. K. of England receives him in the like manner and owns his Authority XII St. Bernard speaks earnestly in favour of Pope Innocent in the Council of Etampes and his judgment is follow'd by the Council Hugh a Native of Amiens and Abbot of Redding in England is made Archbishop of Roan A Council at Etampes which acknowledges Innocent as lawful Pope Eckard Abbot of Urangen Hugh Monk of Fleury Isaac an Armenian Bp writes against the Errors of the Armenians Anselm Abbot of Gemblours Ordericus Vitalis Anselm Bishop of Havelberg Hervaeus Monk of Dol. Hugh de Foliet Stephen Bishop of Paris Rainier Monk of St. Laurence at Liege Gualbert Monk of Marchiennes Pandulphus of Pisa. Fabritius Tuscus Abbot of Abendon Auctus Abbot of Valombre  1131 II. An Interview between Pope Innocent and the Emperor Lotharius at Liege The Pope visits the Abbeys of Cluny and Clairvaux at his return from Liege VII Philip the Son of Lewes the Gross is kill'd by accident and his Brother Lewes the Younger sir-nam'd the Godly is crown'd by the Pope in the Council of Rheims Octob. 25th XIII The Emperor proposes the re-establishment of the Investitures in his Interview with the Pope at Liege but St. Bernard opposes it and persuades that Prince to insist no longer upon that Demand St. Bernard refuses the Bishoprick of Châlons and causes Geffrey Abbot of St. Medard at Soissons to be chosen Bishop of that Diocess The Pope grants a Privilege to the Abbey of Même St. Bernard invites to Clairvaux Gueric Canon of Tournay An Assembly at Liege March the 2â—th A Council at Rheims held in the Month of October where the Anti-pope Anacletus is Excommunicated In this Year St Bernard composes his Treatise of Injunctions and Dispensations Albericus Canon of Aix Foucher a Monk of Chartres Gauterius the Chancellour Annas Comnenus Michâ—el Gâ—â—cas The Death of Baudry Bishop of Dâ—â— 1132 III. The Pope returns to Italy VIII XIV The Death of St. Hugh Bishop of Grenoble St. Bernard accompanies Innocent II. to Italy and by the way reconciles the Inhabitants of Genoua and Pisa and obliges 'em to declare for the Pope Albero who had succeeded another Albero in the Dignity of Primate of Mets when the latter was made Bishop of Liege is chosen Arch-bishop of Triers A Contest between the Abbey of Cluny and that of Cisteaux on occasion of a Privilege grantby Pope Innocent which exempted the Monks of Cisteaux from paying Tithes to the Abbey of Cluny Differences between Stephen Bishop of Paris and an Arch-Deacon of his Diocess who had unadvisedly Suspended his Arch-Deaconry from Divine Service with Stephen de Garlande his Adversary which is the Subject of the Letters written by that Bishop  Tâ—â—stin Arch-bishop of York The Death of Hildebert Archbishop of Tours 1133 IV. Lotharius re-establishes Pope Innocent in the See of Rome but this Prince is no sooner departed thence to return to Germany but the Anti-pope Anacletus constrains Innocent to retire a second time to Pâ—sa Roger Duke of Sicily upon the Sollicitation of Anacletus who had given him the Title of King in vain endeavours to with-draw the Inhabitants of Pisa from their Obedience to the Pope IX Lotharius is crown'd Emperor at Rome by Pope Innocent XV. The Pope ratifies the Immunities and Donations made to the Church of Pistoia in Tuscany He likewise confirms the Right of Superiority of the Archbishop of Hamburg over the Bishops of Denmark Sweden and Norway Thomas Prior of St. Victor is kill'd near Gournay by the Relations of Theobald Arch-Deacon of Paris as he was returning with Stephen Bishop of Paris from the the Abbey of Chelles where they they went to reform some Abuses This Bishop Pronounces a Sentence of Excommunication against those Murderers and retires to Clairvaux Archembald Sub-Dean of Orleans is likewise Assassinated at the instigation of John Arch-Deacon of St. Croix of the same City Robert Pullus who had pass'd from France to England in the Year 1130. and had since obtain'd the Arch-Deaconry of Rochester re-establishes the Universitiy of Oxford A Council at Joarre which Excommunicates the Assassins of Thomes Prior of St. Victor at Paris and of Archembaldâ—â— Sub-Dean of Orleans and all those that entertain'd ' em The Pope confirms this Sentence and adds in a Letter that Divine Service should cease to be celebrated in all those places where these Assassins were present and that those Ecclesiastical Persons that were abetters to these Murders should be depriv'd of their Benefices  1134 V. X. A Treaty of Peace concluded between Lotharius and Conrad by the Mediation of St. Bernard XVI St. Bernard after the breaking up of the Council of Pisa is sent to Milan to reconcile the Milaneses with the Church of Rome He is accompanied with 2 CardinalLegates Guy Bishop of Pisa and Matthew Bishop of Albano as also with Geffrey Bishop of Chartres A Council at Pisa held by the Pope against the Anti-pope Anacletus Hugh of St. Victor The Death of St. Norbert Founder of the Order of Premontré The Death of Stephen Harding Abbot of Cisteaux 1135 VI. Roger Duke of Sicily takes
possession os Benevento and Capua that belong'd to the See of Rome XI Henry I. K. of England dies without Male Issue by reason that his Three Sons were drown'd A. 1120. Stephen Count of Boulogne the Son of Adelae his Sister seizes on the Kingdom of England and disputes Normandy with Mathilda or Maud the Daughter of that Prince and Wife of Geffrey Plantagenet Count of Anjou XVII St. Bernard returning from Italy to France is sent into Guyenne with the Legate of the Holy See where he obliges the Duke of that Province to own Pope Innocent II. and to re-establish the Bishops of Poitiers and Limoges whom he had expell'd Alexander Bishop of Liege is depos'd and Albero IV. of that Name Primate of the Church of Mets substituted in his place William Abbot of St. Thierry leaves his Abbey and becomes a Monk in that of Segni of the Cistercian Order  〈◊〉 St. Bernard composes this Year his Treatise of the Commendation of the new Militia Dedicated to Hugh Grand Master of the Knights Templars Odo Abbot of Remy at Rheims writes his Letter concerning a Miracle of St. Thomas the Apostle Rupert Abbot of Duyts dies March 3d. 1136 VII XII XVIII Helias Abbot of St. Sulpitius of Bourges is chosen Bishop of Orleans and Consecrated in the Month of April in the Year following Drogo or Dreux Abbot of St. John at Laon is sent for to Rome by Pope Innocent who Creates him Cardinal and Bishop of Ostia Odo Abbot of St. Remigius at Rheims gives the Revenues of the House of Mont-Dieu to the Carthusians  Geffrey the Gross Monk of Tiron Rodulphus Abbot St. Tron William Abbot of St. Thierry oâ— Theodoric Peter the Venerable Abbot of Cluny 1137 VIII XIII The Death of Lewes VI. sir-nam'd the Gross King of France August 1. Lewes the Young succeeds him XIX St. Bernard is recall'd to Italy by the Pope who afterwards sends him to Roger Duke of Sicily to oblige him to abandon the Anti-pope Anacletus's Party This Saint enters into Conference with Peter Cardinal of Pisa who was about to maintain the Anti-pope's Cause and persuades him to change his Opinion and Party  The Death of Guigue Prior of the La Grande Chartreuse 1138 IX The Death of the Anti-pope Anacletus The Schismaticks Substitute in his place Gregory Cardinal who takes the Name of Victor but this last soon abdicates the Pontificate and puts an end to the Schism XIV The Death of the Emperor Lotharius Decemb. 3. The King of France gives Normandy to Eustache the Son of Stephen King of England XX. William Bishop of Langres dying this Year a Contest arises for that Bishoprick Peter Arch-bishop of Lyons and Hugh Son of the Duke of Burgundy cause a Monk of Cluny to be chosen Bishop of that Diocess But the Chapter of Langres opposes this Election and appeals to the See of Rome However the Monk does not forbear to cause himself to be ordain'd by the Archbishop of Lyons and the Bishops of Autun and Mascon The Pope condemns this Ordination and requires 'em to proceed to a new Election conformably to the Advice of St. Bernard Godfrey Prior of Clairvaux and the Kinsman of this Saint is Elected Bishop of Langres the Year next ensuing Theobald Abbot of Bec is chosen Archbishop of Canterbury in the Council of London Otho the Son of Leopold Marquess of Austria is made Bishop of Frisinghen Ulric Bishop of Constance leaves his Bishoprick and returns to the Monastery of Saint Blaise Guerric is constituted Abbot of Igni this Year in the place of Humbert who had retir'd from thence Arnold of Bresâ—â—a divulges his Opinions in Italy A Council at London held Decemb. 13th in which 't is debated about means to conclude a Treaty of Peace between the Kings of France and England Gueric Abbot of Igni The Death of Drogo or Dreux Cardinal Bishop of Ostia 1139 X. Pope Innocent waging War with Roger Duke of Sicily who seiz'd upon the Dutchy of Apulia is taken Prisoner by that Prince and oblig'd by an Agreement to confirm the Donation that Honorius II. had made to him of the Kingdom of Scicily the Dutchy of Apulia and the Principality of Capua with the Title of King I. CONRAD Duke of Franconia is proclaim'd King of Germany Geffrey Count of Anjou recovers part of Normandy XXI Philip Bishop of Taranto a favourer of the Anti-pope Anacletus is depos'd upon that account in the General Council of Lateran William Abbot of St. Thierry sends to Geffrey Bishop of Chartres Legate of the Holy See and to St. Bernard 13 Propositions which he had taken out of the Theological Writings of Petrus Abaelardus Alberic Elected to the Bishoprick of Châlons in 1126 but not having been Ordain'd nor put in Possession of that Bishoprick is advanc'd to the Archbishoprick of Bourges St. Malachy Primate of Ireland takes a Journey to Rome Gillebert or Gilbert Legate of the See of Rome in Ireland resigns his Office into the Pope's Hands The Death of St. Otho the Apostle of Pomerania The Death of Rainoldus Archbishop of Rheims Jan. 13. Samson is chosen in his place The Death of Peter Archbishop of Lyons who has for his Successor Falco Dean of that Church The II. General Council at Lateran held in the Month of April against the Followers of the Anti-pope Anacletus and Arnold of Brescia who is expell'd Italy  1140 XI II. XXII St. Bernard sends to Italy some of his Monks to inhabit the Monastery of St. Anastasius newly re-built and Bernard afterward Pope under the Name of Eugenius III. is made Abbot of it Turstin Archbishop of York being dead this Metropolitan See is contended for between William the Nephew of King Stephen and Henry of Murdach Abbot of Fontaines William causes himself to be Consecrated by Henry Bishop of Winchester but the Pope denies him the Pall and grants it to Henry confirming his Election However the King did not acknowledge Henry till three Years after Geffrey de Loroux Arch-bishop of Bourdeaux incurs the displeasure of King Lewes the Young for having ordain'd Grimâ—ard Bishop of Poitiers Canonically Elected The Pope confirms the Sentence of the Council of Sens against Petrus Abaelardus Hereticks discover'd in the Diocess of Colen this Year The Church of Rheims having remain'd near two Years destitute of an Archbishop and St. Bernard having refus'd to accept of this Dignity Samson Provost of the Church of Chartres is ordain'd Archbishop of that Diocess in the end of the Year A Council at Sens begun on the Octave of the Feast of Pentecost in which St. Bernard confutes the Errors of Petrus Abaelardus who appleas to the See of Rome but afterwards desists from that Appeal by the Advice of Peter the Venerable Abbot of Cluny into whose Monastery he had retir'd St. Bernard writes his Sermons 65 and 66 against the Hereticks of Colen He likewise writes to the Canons of Lyons his faâ—â—us Letter concerning the Festival of the Conception of the Virgin