Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	duke_n	henry_n	king_n	24,114	5	4.4886	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54597	Fleta minor the laws of art and nature, in knowing, judging, assaying, fining, refining and inlarging the bodies of confin'd metals : in two parts : the first contains assays of Lazarus Erckern, chief prover, or assay-master general of the empire of Germany, in V. books, orinally written by him in the Teutonick language and now translated into English ; the second contains essays on metallick words, as a dictionary to many pleasing discourses, by Sir John Pettus ... ; illustrated with 44 sculptures.; Beschreibung aller fürnemisten mineralishcen Ertzt- und Berckwercksarten. English	Ercker, Lazarus, d. 1594.; Pettus, John, Sir, 1613-1690.	1683 (1683)	Wing P1906; ESTC R5570	316,186	522

S. John Pettus of Suffolk Knt. 1641 One of the Dep ty Governors of the Mines Royall 1651. Auratus Infletatus 1679. AEt 70. 1683 R. White sculp Honestus at Pie AGRM FLETA MINOR THE LAWS OF ART and NATURE IN Knowing Judging Assaying Fining Refining and Inlarging the BODIES of confin'd METALS In Two Parts The First contains ASSAYS of Lazarus Erckern Chief Prover or Assay-Master General of the Empire of Germany in V. Books originally written by him in the Teutonick Language and now translated into English The Second contains ESSAYS on Metallick Words as a DICTIONARY to many pleasing DISCOURSES By Sir John Pettus of Suffolk K t. Of the Society for the MINES ROYAL Illustrated with 44 Sculptures Mal. 3. 3. Numb 31. 31. Jehovah Chimista Supremus Carolus D. G. Secundus LONDON Printed for the Author by Thomas Dawks his Majesty's British Printer at the West-end of Thames-street 1683. Collegium Emmanuelis Cantabrigiae TO THE Kings most Excellent MAJESTY SIR THE Materials of this Book are derived from your Majesties undoubted Prerogative to the Mines in your Dominions of which Metals are made Of them Moneys And then honoured with your Majesties Superscription And so by a Christian Circulation the Possessors do or ought to render to Caesar the things which are Caesar's Thus Your Majesty hath a double Right to the Mines and to the Products of the Chimical Art by which Metals are fitted for their Journey to Publick Commerce Herein I humbly offer my Endeavours to assist their motions and onely to refresh your Majesties Memory not to inform Your Knowledg for as 't is hinted in the Title Page Your Majesty is in the Science of Chimistry as in all Sciences of Humanity Nulli Secundus These Perfections are evident in Your Majesties publick and private Elaboratories from which pure Justice and pleasing Arts and Sciences are communicated to Your Subjects In these I have observed Your Majesties particular respects to Chimistry of an Vniversal Extent and thereupon I resolved to transplant this German Twig of L. Erckern on that Subject into Your Majesties Nursery and Humbly Dedicate it to Your Majesty with my Additionals and also Humbly crave your Acceptance as an encouragement to my further Progress in serving Your Majesty with more Fruits but at present it is to shew That I am intent in promoting the Services I owe Your Majesty as well with my sedentary Passive Pen as before with my personal Active Duty having upon some significant occasions had the Honour to be known to Your Majesty near Forty Years Now Great Sir Wherein I am incapacitated to express my Duty for want of Ability of Mind or Body or secular Fortunes they shall be supplied by my constant Prayers for Your Majesties Health Happiness and Serenity in Your Government being Feb. 26. 82 3 Your Majesties most Obedient and Humble Subject JOHN PETTVS To the Right Honourable George Marquess Earl Viscount Hallifax and Baron of Eland Lord Privy Seal and one of His Majesties most Honourable Privy Councel and Governour of the Society of the Mines Royal and Battery Works My Lord YOur Lordships free acceptance of the Government of the Mines Royal hath encouraged me to add it to your Titles and I hope without the least disparagement to your other Honours deservedly conferred upon your Lordship by His Majesty It is a Trust of great Concern and I doubt not but it will be so managed by your Lordship and of Honour too as it hath been always esteemed for not to trouble your Lordship with very Antient Records I find that King Edward the Fourth did make Richard Earl of Warwick who soon after was made one of the Governors of this Kingdom during its Troubles and John Earl of Northumberland his Guardians and Governors jointly of all his Mines in England and King Henry the Seventh made Jasper Duke of Bedford and other Earls and Lords his Guardians also of all the Mines in England adding Wales And Queen Elisabeth in the 10th of her Reign did form the Government thereof into Societies by the Names of Governors Deputy-Governors and Assistants for the Mines Royal and Battery-Works and then made Sir Nicholas Bacon Lord Keeper and other eminent persons her Governors for England and Wales adding those within the English Pale in Ireland which Government did continue Successively to the Earl of Pembrook and others for some Years and after his late Highness Prince Rupert was made a Governour and your Lordship to our contentment doth succeed him Now my Lord As for my self I have been one of the Deputy Governors for above 30 Years and do think my self obliged in point of Gratitude to the late Governours and present Members who were pleased unanimously to order a Contribution to the Charge of this Book and for some former Favours to endeavour the advancing of their Concerns especially now we have the Honour to be under your Lordships Regiment and therefore as an Introduction to my real Intents I not only publish this but by some Additionals I shall study to make the Government more advantagious to the Society and much more to His Majesty and even to other Proprietors of Mines wherein I have sat still some Years because I found that I should be obstructed by some who studied the advance of themselves more than His Majestics Revenues which I do not aim to do by any Oppressing Method or projecting Humour for I hate it but by an honest just way and I hope not displeasing to any but such as nothing will please And these I shall in due time communicate to your Lordship being so confident of your Lordships great Abilities join'd with your perfect Loyalty to your King and Love to your Country that your Lordship will not approve of any thing that I shall offer if it agrees not with your Lordships sound Judgment and deep Wisdom for which all who knows your Lordship have an high value and particularly Your Lordships most humble and obliged Servant JOHN PETTUS To the Noble and Honoured Subscribers and Contributers to this BOOK My Lords and Gentlemen I Did design to have publish't your Names in a way that should have more fully manifested your Favours and my Acknowledgments but this Book extending to above 50 sheets more than I design'd or at first proposed took up my limited time so as I must respit that intention for I have not done with this Subject intending not to trouble you or my self with Subscriptions but such as have Subscribed to this shall have notice when the next is ready and if they approve of this so well as to take the next from me it will be an additional Obligation to me for I am prepared to go through the Body of this ART upon these Reasons First That it contains the Grounds and Maxims of most admirable Speculations and next That I may divulge their chifest and most curious Experiments and Practicks Now that which incited me to this was occasioned from hence That having caused Erckern's

abounds in Metals and Minerals yet Erckern acknowledgeth that they have a better sort of Copper and Lead from the Mines in Poland as it seems p. 268. and a better sort of Gold from Hungary p. 108. India and Aethiopia p. 101. and a better sort of Lapis Calaminaris and other good Oars of Metal from England which Erckern calls Britain p. 286 and a better sort of Soap to contemper Metals from Venice than their own so though we have as good Mines in England yet we are forc'd for want of a constant use of them and thereby improve our Knowledg to borrow the Products of their Mines and indeed our chief Knowledg how to work them as I find by our Records and they may well have greater Experience than our selves because Erckern tells us That the Mine at Goslar formerly under the D. of Saxony but now under the D. of Brunswick hath been in constant working for above 700 years to his time and Heylen tells us That the D. of Saxony's Mines the Territories not so big as England yields to him above 130000 l. yearly now why ours are not made so beneficial to us I attribute it either to Reasons of State or want of Knowing the several Arts which belong to the Working of them MINT T. Muntz vel locum ubi monetam cuditur L. Monetarium Officina monetaria Taberna monetaria Officina Cusoria A. it signifies vvith us as Cowel renders it the place vvhere the the King's Coyn is formed be it Gold or Silver which is at this present and long hath been in the Tower of London though it appear by divers Stories and other Antiquities that in antient time the Mint vvas at Callis Ann. 21 R. 2. cap. 6. and An. 9. H. 5. stat 5. cap. 5. the Officers belonging to the Mint have not been alvvayes alike at this present they seem to be these the Warden vvho is chief of the rest and is by his Office to receive the Gold or Silver of the Goldsmiths and to pay them for it and over-see all the rest belonging to this Function his Fee is an hundred pounds per Annum the Master-Worker who receiveth the Gold or Silver from the Warden causeth it to be melted and delivers it to the Monyers and taketh it from them again when it is made his Allowance is not any set Fee but according to the pound weight the third is the Controller who is to see that the Money be made to the just Assize to over-see the Officers and Control them if the Mony be not as it ought to be his Fee is one hundred Marks per Annum them the Master of the Assay who weigheth the Gold or Silver and seeth whether it be according to Standard his Yearly Fee is also one hundred Marks then the Auditor to take the Accompts and make them up Auditor-like next the Surveyor of the melting who is to see the Gold or Silver cast out and not to be altred after it is delivered to the Melter which is after the Assay-Master hath made trial of it then the Clerk of the Irons who seeth that the Irons be clean and fit to work with next the Graver who Engraveth the Stamps for the Moneys then the Smiters of Irons who after they be Engraven smiteth them upon the Money next the Melters that melt the Bullion that is Gold or Silver in the Mass or Billot before it come to the Assaying or Coyning then the Blanchers that do aneal boyl and cleanse the Money reducing it to its natural colour viz. to yellow if Gold and to white if Silver next the Porter that keepeth the Gate of the Mint then the Provost of the Mint who is to provide for all the Monyers and to over-see them lastly the Monyers who are some to sheer or clip the Money some to forge it some to beat it abroad some to round it and others to stamp or coyn it their Wages is not by the Day or Year but uncertain according to the weight of the Money Coyned by them Other Officers have been in former times now useless because Mills are used for that purpose and the Art of Mintage and Assaying of Metals is much improved by his Majesties great skill and insight into that Affair See Coin c. Now it seems by Cowel That Mints were erected in most parts of England but he mentions no particulars except Cumberland Northumberland and London see his Title Moniers yet under the word Mint he cites the 21. of R. 2. c. 16. and 9. of H. 5. c. 5. in which two Kings Reigns the Mint was removed to Callis being then under the English Jurisdiction and I do not find it either before or since removed from the Tower of London except in the late Usurpation and then his Majesty caused one to be Erected at Shrewsbury to Coyn the Silver which was brought thither from the Mines in Wales of which I have spoken before MISPICKLE T. Miszpickle I know no other word for it being mentioned as a kind of Oar distinct from others l. 1. c. 2. s 11. and l. 3. c. 1. s 6. but it may be derived from the next word Missy See Oars MISSY T. Missy A. L. Misy which G. Agricola from Pliny calls Atramentum sutorium or Shoe-makers Black but Pliny makes it a kind of Vitriol and is confessed to be a mineral and the Oar sparkling like Gold so as I conceive Mispikle is an Oar of the same nature only spotted which the T. calls spickled A. speckled so it is a kind of Missy-Oar speckled MONEY T. Muntz L. Moneta Pecunia c. see Coyn Metals Measures and Weights and this Money is proportioned from 20 Grains of Barly Corns which make a scruple according to Physicians terms or a Penny according to metallick terms and 20 pennyes make an Ounce and 12 Ounces either of Gold or Silver makes a pound according to the Trojan computation and thence called Troy Weight as for Haver du-poise weight or Haver weight it hath 16 Ounces to the Pound and Metals and Gems are not concerned with it however the Barly-Corn bears the sway in both so the poor products of the superficies of the Earth seems to give Laws to all our subterranean Treasures both before and when it is made passable and communicable or currant Money whereby I conjecture that the word sterling Money may not improperly be derived from Sterilis or natural unfructified Ground which is proper for Barly whereas fertil dung'd or artificial Grounds makes it more ponderous and its Grains not of so true a standard for sterling Money as those of a more Natural Earth Now to all Silver or Gold Money there is an Allay that is a taking away part of the fine Metal and adding the like part of the baser that is of Copper c. and this is done upon two accounts first that the baser Metal may make the finer to be more apt for Coynage the other is that the Soveraign of that Government where it is

so allay'd may by the deduction or allay be paid the full charge for the Coynage or Minting of it Now the less allay that is put to the Coyned Gold or Silver doth render the Government the more Honourable and the Soveraignty of a greater Esteem than in other parts where they have greater allay Vaughan It is good for a Traveller to be skillful in the different allays whereby as a Friend of mine told me That he carried out an 100 l. with him and with his art of Exchanges in Countrys where allays differ'd he bore his Charges of Travel and brought his stock home again however this Mony thus allayed is called Coyn when the Soveraign Stamp is upon it which is a Legal Stamp and every Soveraignty useth a different Stamp as here in England and in the Empire France Spain c. proper to its Soveraignty and every piece of money so stampt hath almost a different allay yet all Princes do agree in severe yet just Penalties for Counterfeiting allays or stamps and make it as in England High Treason vid. Coke 2. In. p. 575. MONYERS see Money lately called Bankers MORTAR T. Gips. L. Gibsum made of Water Calx viva Lime and Sand and used in all sorts of Structures to cement Bricks or Stones See Calx and Sand. MORTER T. Morsell Morsner L. Mortarium which Minshaw says is morte earum rerum quae in illo teruntur and though we write one with an A. the other with an E. for distinction yet the Beaters for that and Pestles for this makes Minshaws discription serve for both of them See Sand and Pestle and Sculp II. and IX MOULD T. Model L. Modulus A. Frames c. See Utensils MULLET T. Mallen schleifer L. Molarius marmorius a little flat piece of marble stone on vvhich Painters grind their Colours and Metallists their Metal to dust from molare to distinguish it from the Mullet fish MUNK T. Munich which I conceive comes from the L. Munitus and not from Monicha as an Instrument that guards and strengthens the Operation of Metals by covering it from the Air and therefore though A. write it munk it were more proper to be writ munt as an abreviation of munitus NE N NE NEALING or Anealing T. Abgeadnet I find it not in our Dictionary but in Cotgrave it is Nelleure and signifies a vernishing and enameling the difference is in the Arts that enameling is upon solid Bodies as Gold Silver c. but anealing is usually apply'd to the coloring of Glass such as we had in former times and still have in Church Windows in excellent Varieties and sometimes 't is used for tinging or coloring of Stones where it is done by fire but here the word is applicable only to such Coppels c. which are covered and strengthned with Clar for resisting the fire and the manner of anealing them is allwayes done by a gradual and not a violent heat l. 1. c. 10. s 1. See Amel and Clar. NEEDLE And it is applyed to several things and hath thereupon several Names in several Languages but in Latine it is called Acus from its Acuity or sharp point and is sometimes applyed to ingenuous satyrick Wits the French call it Aquila quasi Anquilla as Minshaw because it is proportioned like an Eel fish but the German here calls it Nadelen from Naeden or Naen suere i. e. to sow or stitch together and this word Nadelin is the nearest to our word Needle Which word being used in the New Testament to shew the difficulty of a Rich man to enter into the Kingdom of Heaven It stands such men in hand that deal in Metals in order to make themseves rich to see how far they are concern'd in the impossibility mentioned in the Text now St. John makes no mention of a Needle but St. Matth. ca. 19. ver 24. saith It is easier for a Camel to go through the eye of a Needle per foramen acûs transire Sept. than for a rich man that is he that abounds in Money made of metals to enter into the Kingdom of God and so St. Mark cap. 10. v. 24. and in St. Luke 18. 25. but the Latin is foramen acûs the Needles eye which my Author whom I cannot readily call to mind or else I should own him saith there was a little Postern Gate in the Wall of Jerusalem which was called foramen acûs or the Needles eye through which a Camel could not pass without Kneeling which saith Pliny Camels are taught to do so as by going on their Knees a Camel might pass through that Gate which otherwise it could not do and so the Story alludes to a rich and humble man who by Humility may easily enter into the Kingdom of Heaven but not a proud rich man that will not stoop but puts more confidence in his money or metals than in an humble or devout mind which is imply'd by the bending of the Knees of the Camel Now this word Needle is once only used in the New Testament by those three Evangelists and no more but it is used oftner in the Old Testament to other purposes and is alwayes joned with the word work as Needlework But in the Translations of the Oriental Languages the Translators differ for Dr. Walton in his Polyglot renders Needle-work Opus recamantis Opus Polymatrii Opus Varietoris Opus picturarum Opus Imaginum so as there is nothing of a Needle but from the Chaldee and there he translates it opus acu pictum and from the Arabick which he renders Phrigianum and Junius and Trimelius published before that Poliglot in every place of the Old Testament where the word Needle-work is used as in the 26 27 28 36 38 and 39 Chapters of Exodus and in the 5th of the Judges and in the 45 Psalm ver 14. for it is used in no other places do follow the Chaldee and Arabick in the words Opus and Artificium but not in acu pictum yet the two most eminent Poets of their time in England and Scotland concur'd in the uniting of those words for Sandys writes thus Psal 45. 14. Shee shall unto the King be brought In Robes with Phrygean Needle wrought And Buchanan Dives opum dives Pictai vestes auri where note he useth Pictai for pictae as Virgil Lucullus and other Latine Authors do oft change the Diphthong ae for ai so that Sands hath the Needle-work in the word wrought and that he calls Phrigian from Phrigia where it is supposed that Art was first taught answering the Translation of the Arabick and Buchanan Pictae answering the Translation from the Chaldee and these Needle-Works are there also called faeminalia torta because the Art is mostly used by Women and therefore Acus for a Needle is properly declin'd in the feminine gender Now the shape of the Needle was taught us by Nature for there is a fish which I have often seen on the Coast of Suffolk which commonly comes there with the