the_o sea_n be_v adjoin_v and_o in_o propriety_n to_o be_v esteem_v according_o take_v their_o name_n of_o the_o country_n and_o kingdom_n adjacent_a or_o of_o their_o situation_n as_o mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la mare_fw-la germanicum_n mare_n hibernicum_n and_o for_o situation_n mare_fw-la mediterraneum_fw-la observe_v by_o cosmographer_n historiographer_n and_o mathematician_n this_o be_v perform_v with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o compass_n count_v of_o course_n sounding_n colour_n of_o the_o gravel_n or_o sand_n and_o other_o way_n to_o design_n finitum_fw-la ab_fw-la '_o infinito_o law_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o far_o as_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o certain_a reach_n and_o bound_n of_o sea_n proper_o apppertain_v to_o any_o prince_n or_o people_n wherein_o the_o doctor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v record_v excellent_a observation_n custom_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o custom_n baldus_n say_v vidimus_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la in_fw-la mare_fw-la esse_fw-la regna_fw-la distincta_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la auda_fw-la iâ—sula_fw-la ad_fw-la legem_fw-la 1._o the_o ter_z divisione_n in_o §._o nullius_fw-la in_o tratt_v de_fw-fr iâ—sula_fw-la bartolas_n do_v in_o his_o opinion_n allow_v for_o prince_n and_o people_n at_o the_o seaside_n centum_fw-la mitliaria_fw-la which_o be_v one_o hundred_o league_n of_o sea_n from_o their_o coast_n if_o they_o extend_v their_o protection_n so_o far_o call_v by_o they_o districtus_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o territorium_fw-la which_o be_v most_o plain_a in_o those_o sea_n where_o the_o isle_n of_o garnesey_n and_o jarnesey_n be_v so_o sensible_a and_o visible_a to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n dominion_n visible_a mark_v of_o dominion_n or_o where_o there_o be_v such_o rock_n or_o eminent_a mark_n as_o the_o washes_n at_o the_o west_n sea_n thereof_o to_o which_o purpose_n paulus_n a_o renown_a civilian_n say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o needful_a for_o he_o who_o will_v possess_v himself_o of_o any_o land_n to_o go_v about_o and_o tread_v over_o the_o same_o but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o enter_v in_o upon_o any_o part_n thereof_o with_o a_o mind_n to_o possess_v all_o the_o rest_n thereof_o even_o to_o the_o due_a march_n to_o be_v make_v apparent_a by_o the_o instrument_n of_o geometrician_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v design_v upon_o the_o sea_n notwithstanding_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o continual_a flow_v too_o and_o fro_o of_o the_o other_o this_o distinction_n of_o dominion_n have_v continue_v so_o many_o hundred_o year_n need_v not_o to_o be_v corroborate_v with_o other_o proof_n and_o argument_n yet_o let_v we_o note_v obiter_fw-la that_o if_o the_o same_o be_v not_o distinguish_v as_o aforesaid_a admiralty_n case_n of_o civil_a law_n or_o admiralty_n one_o bear_v upon_o the_o sea_n shall_v have_v no_o country_n or_o nation_n to_o appeal_v unto_o and_o a_o man_n die_v intestate_a upon_o the_o sea_n shall_v minister_v occasion_n of_o question_n to_o know_v who_o shall_v administer_v his_o good_n and_o make_v of_o a_o will_n how_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v prove_v and_o execute_v by_o law_n without_o approbation_n of_o some_o court_n or_o jurisdiction_n whereas_o we_o find_v many_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o their_o several_a jurisdiction_n upon_o the_o sea_n as_o deputy_n to_o their_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o be_v always_o absolute_a commander_n in_o their_o precinct_n according_a to_o the_o treaty_n and_o contract_n make_v between_o prince_n which_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o law_n and_o inseparable_a of_o the_o say_a prince_n right_a on_o the_o land_n concern_v the_o possession_n of_o their_o kingdom_n or_o commonweal_n as_o the_o fundamental_a cause_n of_o their_o dominion_n wherein_o discontinuance_n of_o any_o part_n of_o their_o right_n can_v be_v plead_v against_o they_o the_o king_n of_o england_n nevertheless_o have_v be_v provident_a and_o careful_a herein_o for_o historiographer_n have_v record_v that_o king_n edgar_n one_o of_o the_o saxon_a king_n long_o before_o the_o conquest_n make_v a_o survey_n yearly_a of_o the_o four_o great_a sea_n westm._n matthew_n of_o westm._n and_o style_v himself_o lord_n thereof_o even_o until_o norway_n cestriensis_fw-la ranulph_n cestriensis_fw-la and_o his_o progress_n be_v most_o towards_o the_o north._n it_o be_v also_o affirm_v 973._o anno_fw-la 973._o that_o the_o say_a king_n edgar_n cause_v a_o inscription_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o his_o tomb_n for_o a_o monument_n call_v himself_o dominus_fw-la quatuor_fw-la marea_n and_o as_o papinian_n the_o jurisconsult_a say_v in_o finalibus_fw-la questionibus_fw-la vete_fw-la ra_fw-mi monumenta_fw-la sequenda_fw-la sunt_fw-la britannicum_fw-la mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la but_o this_o for_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o their_o sea_n hibernicum_n mare_fw-la hibernicum_n be_v not_o needful_a for_o afterward_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n after_o he_o have_v subdue_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n by_o conquest_n germanicum_n mare_fw-la germanicum_n cause_v himself_o not_o only_o to_o be_v proclaim_v king_n deucalidon_n mare_fw-la deucalidon_n but_o also_o that_o all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v he_o and_o so_o cause_v the_o land_n to_o be_v divide_v and_o yet_o be_v content_v to_o change_v the_o title_n of_o a_o monarchy_n by_o conquest_n into_o a_o monarchy_n royal_a and_o be_v also_o lord_n of_o the_o say_v four_o sea_n resp._n io_o bodinus_fw-la de_fw-fr resp._n by_o the_o former_a assumpsit_fw-la which_o have_v then_o continue_v 200_o year_n and_o his_o progress_n by_o sea_n be_v most_o westward_o for_o when_o prince_n or_o king_n do_v style_v themselves_o by_o proclamation_n than_o the_o continuance_n thereof_o without_o opposition_n of_o other_o prince_n be_v hold_v and_o observe_v as_o inviolable_a and_o permanent_a now_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o succeed_a william_n the_o conqueror_n chronicle_n graftons_n chronicle_n within_o one_o hundred_o year_n do_v join_v ireland_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o do_v reduce_v normandy_n and_o other_o place_n in_o france_n to_o the_o crown_n take_v as_o it_o be_v a_o new_a possession_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o henry_n the_o first_o every_o year_n or_o within_o three_o year_n at_o the_o further_a cross_v over_o into_o normandy_n have_v take_v robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n prisoner_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o malmesbuâ—e_n chro._n malmesbuâ—e_n there_o be_v a_o disputation_n hold_v with_o france_n concern_v the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n about_o britain_n in_o which_o it_o be_v prove_v to_o belong_v to_o england_n hayward_n joh._n hayward_n and_o thereupon_o france_n disclaim_v therein_o etc._n by_o ancient_a record_n and_o treaty_n etc._n etc._n as_o appear_v by_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n the_o three_o his_o proclamation_n yet_o extant_a which_o argument_n and_o contract_n be_v as_o a_o law_n effectual_a and_o here_o i_o must_v remember_v the_o singular_a care_n which_o the_o right_a reverend_a father_n in_o god_n doctor_n abbot_n now_o archbishop_n of_o canturburie_n canturburie_n a_o rare_a book_n remoin_v with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canturburie_n and_o metropolitan_a of_o england_n have_v have_v in_o procure_v at_o his_o great_a charge_n for_o the_o good_a of_o our_o posterity_n a_o excellent_a great_a volume_n or_o manuscript_n which_o be_v heretofore_o take_v at_o calais_n in_o france_n when_o the_o spaniard_n take_v the_o same_o anno_fw-la 1596_o and_o carry_v to_o brussels_n in_o the_o low-countries_n whereof_o i_o have_v have_v the_o perusal_n and_o make_v a_o abstract_n of_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o viz._n the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o edward_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o john_n king_n of_o france_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o elder_a son_n namely_o edward_n the_o black_a prince_n of_o wales_n and_z charles_n duke_n of_o normandy_n regent_n the_o french_a king_n his_o father_n be_v prisoner_n to_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n which_o treaty_n be_v make_v the_o eight_o of_o may_v 1360_o in_o brittany_n near_o chartres_n and_o confirm_v at_o calais_n whereupon_o sixteen_o hostage_n be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v to_o come_v thither_o in_o person_n and_o to_o pay_v three_o million_o of_o crown_n for_o his_o ransom_n of_o two_o crown_n to_o be_v reckon_v for_o a_o english_a noble_a call_v in_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o his_o time_n angel_n noble_a be_v some_o 750000_o 〈◊〉_d sterling_a france_n the_o ransom_n of_o king_n john_n of_o france_n the_o ship_n whereof_o upon_o the_o one_o side_n do_v signify_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n whereunto_o old_a chaucer_n the_o poet_n do_v allude_v in_o henry_n the_o five_o his_o time_n this_o money_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o weet_v six_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n at_o calais_n within_o 4_o month_n after_o king_n johns_n arrival_n there_o more_fw-mi four_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n within_o the_o year_n and_o so_o much_o yearly_a until_o the_o full_a payment_n make_v
have_v be_v content_v since_o our_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n to_o tolerate_v a_o indifferent_a and_o promiscuous_a kind_n of_o liberty_n to_o all_o our_o friend_n whatsoever_o to_o fish_n upon_o our_o stream_n and_o upon_o any_o of_o our_o coast_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o other_o adjacent_a island_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o permission_n or_o use_n thereof_o may_v not_o redound_v to_o the_o impeachment_n of_o our_o prerogative_n royal_a nor_o to_o the_o hurt_n and_o damage_n of_o our_o love_a subject_n who_o preservation_n and_o flourish_a estate_n we_o hold_v ourselves_o principal_o bind_v to_o advance_v before_o all_o worldly_a respect_n so_o find_v that_o our_o conivence_n therein_o have_v not_o only_o give_v occasion_n of_o over_o great_a encroachment_n upon_o our_o regality_n or_o rather_o question_v of_o our_o right_n but_o have_v be_v a_o mean_n of_o much_o daily_a wrong_n to_o our_o own_o people_n that_o exercise_n the_o trade_n of_o fish_v as_o either_o by_o the_o multitude_n of_o stranger_n which_o do_v preoccupy_v those_o place_n or_o by_o the_o injury_n which_o they_o receive_v most_o common_o at_o their_o hand_n our_o subject_n be_v constrain_v to_o abandon_v their_o fish_n or_o at_o the_o least_o become_v so_o discourage_v in_o the_o same_o as_o they_o hold_v it_o better_o for_o they_o to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o some_o other_o course_n of_o live_v whereby_o not_o only_o diverse_a of_o our_o coast_n town_n be_v much_o decay_v but_o the_o number_n of_o mariner_n daily_o diminish_v which_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n to_o our_o estate_n consider_v how_o much_o the_o strength_n thereof_o consist_v in_o the_o power_n of_o ship_n and_o the_o use_n of_o navigation_n we_o have_v think_v it_o now_o both_o just_a and_o necessary_a in_o respect_n that_o we_o be_v now_o by_o god_n favour_n lineal_o and_o lawful_o possess_v as_o well_o of_o the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n as_o of_o ireland_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a to_o bethink_v ourselves_o of_o good_a and_o lawful_a mean_n to_o prevent_v those_o inconvenience_n and_o many_o other_o depend_v upon_o the_o same_o in_o the_o consideration_n whereof_o as_o we_o be_v desirous_a that_o the_o world_n may_v take_v notice_n that_o we_o have_v no_o intention_n to_o deny_v our_o neighbour_n and_o ally_n those_o fruit_n and_o benefit_n of_o peace_n and_o friendship_n which_o may_v be_v just_o expect_v at_o our_o hand_n in_o honour_n and_o reason_n or_o be_v afford_v by_o other_o prince_n mutual_o in_o the_o point_n of_o commerce_n and_o exchange_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o may_v not_o prove_v prejudicial_a to_o they_o so_o because_o some_o such_o convenient_a order_n may_v be_v take_v in_o this_o matter_n as_o may_v sufficient_o provide_v for_o all_o these_o important_a consideration_n which_o do_v depend_v thereupon_o we_o have_v resolve_v first_o to_o give_v notice_n to_o all_o the_o world_n that_o our_o express_a pleasure_n be_v that_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o month_n of_o august_n next_o come_v no_o person_n of_o what_o nation_n or_o quality_n soever_o be_v not_o our_o natural_a bear_v subject_n be_v permit_v to_o fish_v upon_o any_o of_o our_o coast_n and_o sea_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a where_o most_o usual_o heretofore_o any_o fish_n have_v be_v until_o they_o have_v orderly_o demand_v and_o obtain_v licence_n from_o we_o or_o such_o our_o commissioner_n as_o we_o have_v authorise_v in_o that_o behalf_n viz._n at_o london_n for_o our_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n and_o at_o edinburgh_n for_o our_o realm_n of_o scotland_n which_o licence_n our_o intention_n be_v shall_v be_v yearly_a demand_v for_o so_o many_o vessel_n and_o ship_n and_o the_o tonnage_n thereof_o as_o shall_v intend_v to_o fish_v for_o that_o whole_a year_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o upon_o any_o of_o our_o coast_n and_o sea_n as_o aforesaid_a upon_o pain_n of_o such_o chastisement_n as_o shall_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v inflict_v upon_o such_o wilful_a offender_n give_v at_o our_o palace_n of_o westminster_n the_o six_o of_o may_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1609._o by_o this_o proclamation_n be_v his_o majesty_n right_a and_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n express_v in_o two_o word_n by_o lineal_a and_o lawful_a possession_n of_o a_o hereditary_a kingdom_n or_o kingdom_n whereunto_o those_o sea_n be_v join_v and_o appertain_v it_o be_v not_o a_o dominion_n obtain_v by_o a_o elective_a kingdom_n as_o poland_n hungary_n and_o other_o neither_o be_v it_o have_v by_o any_o first_o discovery_n wherein_o the_o pope_n must_v be_v a_o mediator_n as_o alexander_n the_o six_o be_v between_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n and_o portugal_n upon_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n by_o draw_v a_o line_n upon_o the_o globe_n from_o the_o island_n of_o the_o canary_n to_o make_v the_o division_n between_o they_o neither_o be_v it_o like_v to_o the_o whale_n fish_v in_o greeneland_n where_o some_o upon_o their_o discovery_n take_v neither_o possession_n much_o less_o have_v any_o occupation_n which_o make_v the_o strong_a right_o neither_o be_v it_o by_o gift_n or_o purchase_n as_o some_o italian_a prince_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n which_o do_v nevertheless_o enjoy_v both_o freedom_n and_o benefit_n thereby_o but_o it_o be_v undoubted_a and_o indisputable_a as_o aforesaid_a to_o conclude_v this_o argument_n sea_n the_o best_a mark_n of_o distinct_a dominion_n upon_o the_o sea_n the_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o a_o border_a prince_n upon_o the_o sea_n be_v best_a see_v by_o the_o tribute_n or_o tax_n which_o he_o take_v upon_o fish_v ship_n whereof_o we_o have_v many_o precedent_n in_o russia_n many_o league_n from_o the_o main_n fisherman_n do_v pay_v great_a tax_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n and_o in_o most_o place_n none_o but_o his_o subject_n be_v permit_v to_o fish_n and_o the_o hollander_n do_v give_v he_o the_o ten_o fish_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n take_v great_a tribute_n both_o at_o wardhouse_n and_o the_o sound_n the_o king_n of_o sweathen_a have_v do_v the_o like_a which_o be_v now_o continue_v by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o norway_n the_o duke_n of_o medina_n sidonia_n take_v for_o tunyne_n king_n edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n take_v six_o penny_n for_o every_o tun_n in_o his_o time_n which_o by_o inhaunce_v of_o the_o money_n be_v now_o 18_o penny_n all_o the_o border_a prince_n of_o italy_n do_v take_v tribute_n of_o the_o fish_n take_v within_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n for_o their_o several_a territory_n in_o lappia_n fisherman_n do_v pay_v money_n in_o the_o sound_n for_o passage_n to_o fetch_v it_o over_o and_o above_o the_o ten_o fish_n the_o earl_n of_o orkney_n take_v the_o ten_o fish_n for_o the_o isle_n of_o orcades_n under_o his_o jurisdiction_n as_o the_o fisherman_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o england_n for_o pilchard_n hake_n and_o conger_n the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a low_a country_n do_v take_v a_o imposition_n upon_o fish_n take_v within_o the_o sea_n and_o stream_n of_o other_o prince_n as_o also_o near_o their_o coast_n and_o their_o subject_n traffic_v with_o the_o russian_n as_o haunce_n noblett_n haunce_n van_n stracle_n robert_n englegrave_n and_o other_o do_v continual_o pay_v the_o ten_o fish_n unto_o the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n all_o which_o be_v requisite_a for_o merchant_n to_o know_v to_o prevent_v trouble_n or_o loss_n for_o the_o pretence_n of_o ignorance_n do_v not_o excuse_n as_o our_o merchant_n of_o kingston_n upon_o hull_n have_v find_v to_o their_o exceed_a loss_n heretofore_o chap._n xxxvi_o of_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n pay_v upon_o commodity_n whereas_o custom_n subsidy_n imposition_n toll_n nation_n custom_n upon_o commodity_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n accize_n impost_n and_o other_o duty_n by_o the_o exemplary_a action_n of_o prince_n and_o commonweal_n be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o a_o matter_n inherent_a to_o their_o prerogative_n because_o they_o be_v absolute_a commander_n in_o their_o harbour_n haven_n and_o port_n where_o commodity_n be_v export_v and_o import_v every_o merchant_n be_v bind_v to_o take_v notice_n thereof_o and_o to_o observe_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n and_o proceed_n use_v therein_o in_o all_o country_n respective_o to_o avoid_v the_o danger_n of_o the_o loss_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o commodity_n and_o to_o make_v a_o true_a calculation_n how_o to_o buy_v and_o sell_v to_o profit_n observe_v how_o much_o upon_o the_o hundred_o pound_n in_o value_n of_o his_o commodity_n rate_v by_o the_o order_n of_o diverse_a country_n the_o same_o amount_v unto_o and_o to_o add_v the_o
salt_n francis_n the_o first_o make_v the_o same_o perpetual_a as_o the_o domaine_v of_o the_o crown_n and_o all_o man_n be_v compel_v to_o buy_v it_o at_o the_o magazine_n upon_o pain_n of_o punishment_n this_o impost_n be_v let_v to_o farm_n for_o two_o million_o of_o crown_n or_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a the_o right_a of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o he_o may_v lay_v imposition_n thirty_o league_n from_o the_o land_n into_o the_o sea_n if_o no_o other_o sovereign_a prince_n be_v not_o within_o that_o precinct_n there_o be_v eight_o court_n of_o parliament_n in_o france_n and_o eight_o chamber_n of_o account_n at_o paris_n erect_v 1302_o by_o philip_n le_fw-fr bell._n at_o paris_n parlement_n court_n of_o parlement_n at_o tholouze_n also_o and_o confirm_v by_o charles_n the_o 7._o in_o britain_n at_o grenoble_n 1453_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11._o at_o dion_n account_n court_n of_o account_n at_o bourdeaux_n 1462_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11._o 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barbarian_n which_o be_v never_o to_o suffer_v the_o female_n to_o inherit_v the_o crown_n and_o so_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o line_n of_o the_o king_n it_o have_v continue_v in_o the_o three_o and_o by_o custom_n it_o be_v rather_o confirm_v than_o to_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v a_o law_n at_o any_o time_n ordain_v have_v be_v little_a account_n make_v thereof_o until_o the_o controversy_n between_o philip_n le_fw-fr long_n and_o end_v duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o claim_v it_o for_o his_o niece_n jane_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n huttin_n and_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n with_o edward_n king_n of_o england_n the_o book_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n be_v but_o a_o collection_n howbeit_o there_o be_v no_o example_n ever_o hear_v of_o that_o any_o woman_n govern_v of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a germany_n concur_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o court_n of_o equity_n in_o substance_n the_o court_n of_o equity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n after_o bill_n and_o answer_v replication_n and_o rejoinder_n and_o sometime_o duplication_n and_o at_o last_o conclusion_n with_o the_o examination_n of_o witness_n in_o serious_a manner_n the_o whole_a proceed_n be_v deliver_v to_o certain_a doctor_n or_o learned_a man_n which_o be_v as_o master_n of_o the_o chancery_n or_o belong_v to_o certain_a university_n to_o be_v abreviate_v which_o be_v call_v ad_fw-la rotulandum_fw-la who_o do_v cut_v off_o all_o superfluous_a thing_n which_o upon_o the_o matter_n be_v confess_v on_o both_o side_n process_n to_o abreviate_v long_a process_n or_o be_v not_o material_a to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o cause_n to_o bring_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o party_n to_o certain_a point_n or_o head_n whereupon_o the_o say_a party_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o advocate_n or_o learned_a counsel_n do_v dispute_n and_o debate_v the_o say_a difference_n to_o bring_v they_o as_o it_o be_v ripe_a and_o perfect_v before_o the_o judge_n for_o if_o the_o defendant_n will_v take_v covert_o any_o exception_n against_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n he_o may_v have_v the_o whole_a process_n make_v up_o in_o the_o name_n of_o a.b._n and_o c.d._n as_o it_o be_v complainant_a and_o defendant_n without_o name_v either_o of_o the_o party_n and_o the_o same_o to_o be_v send_v under_o the_o town_n seal_v unto_o doctor_n or_o other_o learned_a man_n of_o university_n elect_v thereunto_o in_o other_o jurisdiction_n which_o do_v give_v their_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n thereupon_o and_o return_v the_o same_o back_n again_o under_o seal_n before_o the_o judge_n where_o the_o cause_n be_v depend_v who_o call_v both_o party_n before_o he_o demand_v of_o they_o whether_o he_o shall_v open_v the_o process_n and_o whether_o they_o will_v stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n therein_o contain_v and_o if_o the_o complainant_n descend_v thereunto_o then_o be_v the_o defendant_n thereby_o conclude_v see_v he_o have_v his_o choice_n and_o do_v in_o a_o manner_n appeal_v from_o the_o judge_n whereupon_o execution_n be_v present_o have_v and_o matter_n be_v end_v with_o expedition_n by_o the_o premise_n we_o may_v observe_v how_o other_o law_n be_v variable_a and_o subject_a to_o alteration_n and_o that_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v constant_a and_o permanent_a in_o her_o custom_n which_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v infringe_v but_o serious_o to_o be_v maintain_v by_o all_o the_o four_o precedent_a mean_n or_o some_o select_a course_n of_o execution_n to_o be_v devise_v concur_v with_o the_o same_o for_o the_o better_a furtherance_n whereof_o and_o more_o exact_a explanation_n by_o contrary_n i_o have_v for_o a_o corrollarie_n of_o this_o work_n add_v hereunto_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o say_v three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n which_o will_v illustrate_v the_o most_o material_a consideration_n to_o be_v have_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n chap._n xviii_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n have_v heretofore_o publish_v a_o treatise_n entitle_v england_n view_n in_o the_o unmask_n of_o two_o paradox_n which_o have_v be_v present_v unto_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o as_o a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n and_o considerable_a in_o the_o government_n of_o commonweal_n and_o find_v that_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o they_o with_o a_o three_o paradox_n observe_v by_o i_o do_v proper_o allude_v to_o the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n or_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n i_o do_v resolve_v to_o handle_v the_o substance_n of_o they_o for_o a_o corrollarie_n of_o the_o same_o be_v paradox_n what_o it_o be_v the_o rather_o because_o paradox_n be_v thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n and_o will_v also_o make_v all_o the_o premise_n more_o manifest_a and_o apparent_a by_o their_o conclusion_n the_o say_v two_o paradox_n present_v by_o monsieur_n malestroit_n one_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o finance_n or_o treasury_n in_o france_n be_v as_o follow_v say_v 1_o that_o to_o complain_v of_o the_o general_a dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o france_n be_v without_o cause_n commodity_n commodity_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o grow_v dear_a these_o three_o hundred_o year_n 2_o that_o there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v lose_v upon_o a_o crown_n and_o money_n and_o or_o any_o other_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n albeit_o one_o do_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n at_o the_o price_n he_o do_v receive_v the_o same_o the_o three_o paradox_n which_o i_o have_v add_v hereunto_o be_v 3_o that_o the_o imaginary_a money_n suppose_v in_o exchange_n for_o money_n exchange_n exchange_n make_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v over-rule_v the_o course_n and_o property_n of_o real_a and_o substantial_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la mounseur_fw-fr malestroit_n say_v that_o since_o the_o ancient_a permutation_n have_v be_v change_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o that_o the_o first_o riches_n of_o man_n which_o consist_v of_o cattle_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n whereby_o all_o thing_n have_v receive_v their_o estimation_n dearth_n gold_n and_o silver_n be_v the_o judge_n of_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n it_o follow_v that_o those_o metal_n be_v the_o right_a judge_n of_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o can_v say_v that_o any_o thing_n be_v dear_a than_o it_o be_v three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o unless_o that_o for_o the_o buy_v thereof_o we_o must_v now_o give_v more_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o but_o for_o the_o buy_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o do_v not_o give_v now_o more_o gold_n or_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o therefore_o say_v he_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o france_n since_o that_o time_n to_o prove_v this_o he_o do_v allege_v that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o
subject_a to_o be_v number_v by_o age_n year_n month_n day_n hour_n minute_n and_o their_o division_n and_o subdivision_n we_o can_v in_o this_o place_n omit_v to_o particularise_v concern_v the_o same_o albeit_o it_o may_v be_v think_v inconvenient_a to_o touch_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o period_n of_o monarchy_n and_o commonweal_n commonweal_n period_n of_o monarchy_n &_o commonweal_n make_v by_o some_o author_n which_o by_o many_o important_a reason_n may_v be_v amplify_v some_o distribute_v the_o whole_a age_n of_o the_o world_n into_o three_o part_n ascribe_v to_o every_o age_n 2000_o year_n which_o procee_v from_o that_o common_a opinion_n of_o elias_n a_o certain_a rabbin_z or_o jew_n affirm_v that_o the_o world_n shall_v stand_v 6000_o year_n and_o then_o be_v dissolve_v of_o the_o which_o they_o reckon_v 2000_o year_n before_o the_o law_n 2000_o year_n under_o the_o law_n and_o 2000_o year_n under_o christ_n which_o shall_v be_v shorten_v for_o the_o elect_v sake_n which_o opinion_n have_v be_v recevy_v by_o diverse_a godly_a father_n suppose_v that_o as_o the_o world_n and_o all_o thing_n therein_o be_v create_v in_o six_o day_n so_o the_o same_o shall_v endure_v 6000_o year_n take_v each_o thousand_o year_n for_o a_o day_n according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o saint_n peter_n 3._o 1._o pet._n 3._o that_o one_o day_n before_o the_o lord_n be_v as_o a_o thousand_o year_n and_o a_o thousand_o year_n as_o one_o day_n in_o this_o supputation_n be_v some_o reason_n for_o from_o the_o begin_n to_o abraham_n with_o who_o the_o first_o covenant_n be_v make_v and_o to_o who_o the_o law_n of_o circumcision_n be_v give_v we_o find_v to_o be_v near_o 2000_o year_n world_n of_o the_o age_n of_o the_o world_n and_o likewise_o under_o the_o law_n until_o christ_n about_o 2000_o year_n and_o now_o under_o christ_n be_v above_o 1620_o year_n reckon_v towards_o the_o last_o 2000_o year_n augustin_n write_v of_o these_o age_n divide_v they_o into_o six_o and_o reckon_v the_o first_o age_n to_o be_v from_o adam_n to_o noah_n the_o second_o from_o noath_a to_o abraham_n the_o three_o from_o abraham_n to_o david_n the_o four_o from_o david_n to_o the_o captivity_n of_o babylon_n the_o five_o from_o the_o captivity_n to_o christ_n the_o sixth_o and_o last_o under_o the_o kingdom_n of_o christ_n until_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n other_o there_o be_v that_o do_v distribute_v the_o same_o into_o four_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o four_o kind_n of_o metal_n the_o golden_a silver_n brass_n and_o iron_n age_n allude_v to_o the_o prophecy_n of_o daniel_n of_o the_o four_o monarchy_n other_o do_v account_n the_o same_o by_o thousand_o or_o millinary_n according_a to_o certain_a observation_n of_o 6000_o year_n in_o the_o alteration_n of_o thing_n other_o do_v calculate_v according_a to_o the_o age_n of_o man_n suppose_v 100_o year_n for_o a_o age_n and_o so_o now_o be_v 56_o age_n and_o more_o the_o number_n 60_o or_o before_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n shall_v come_v but_o let_v we_o observe_v the_o true_a computation_n of_o the_o church_n most_o general_o approve_v hitherto_o scripture_n computation_n of_o age_n by_o scripture_n and_o reckon_v from_o the_o creation_n until_o noah_n 1656_o year_n when_o he_o enter_v into_o the_o ark_n and_o from_o the_o flooâ—_n to_o abraham_n 367_o year_n and_o from_o the_o depart_n of_o the_o israelite_n out_o of_o egypt_n 430_o year_n and_o from_o the_o depart_n to_o the_o build_n of_o the_o temple_n by_o solomon_n 430_o year_n and_o from_o that_o time_n to_o the_o eleven_o year_n of_o king_n zedekiah_n deduce_v by_o scripture_n be_v 427_o year_n so_o the_o whole_a sum_n of_o these_o year_n come_v just_o to_o 3360_o year_n hereunto_o 70_o year_n be_v add_v of_o the_o captivity_n of_o babylon_n be_v 3430_o year_n which_o be_v 790_o sabbaticall_a year_n of_o seven_o year_n every_o sabbaticall_a year_n without_o any_o odd_a number_n and_o from_o that_o time_n until_o christ_n there_o be_v no_o momentary_a difference_n by_o historical_a account_n whereof_o understand_v merchant_n ought_v to_o be_v inform_v &_o all_o man_n take_v pleasure_n of_o this_o observation_n in_o their_o almanac_n from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n 1620._o aâ—no_fw-la domâ—_n 1620._o until_o the_o last_o year_n 5582._o from_o the_o say_a creation_n until_o the_o flood_n 1656._o from_o the_o say_a creation_n until_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n 3962._o since_o brute_n do_v enter_v the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n 2727._o since_o the_o build_n of_o the_o temple_n by_o solomon_n 2649._o since_o the_o build_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n 2371._o since_o the_o captivity_n of_o babylon_n 2258._o since_o julius_n caesar_n be_v slay_v 1669._o since_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n until_o the_o last_o year_n 1620._o since_o the_o conquest_n of_o england_n by_o duke_n william_n 553._o since_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n of_o england_n until_o the_o 24_o of_o march_n 1620_o be_v 17_o year_n complete_a but_o currant_n 18_o concern_v the_o year_n there_o be_v many_o observation_n year_n of_o the_o several_a beginning_n of_o the_o year_n and_o even_o of_o the_o several_a beginning_n of_o it_o and_o let_v we_o note_v obiter_fw-la that_o the_o body_n the_o soul_n of_o man_n consist_v in_o the_o blood_n have_v 365_o vein_n as_o residence_n agreeable_a to_o so_o many_o day_n of_o the_o year_n all_o our_o almanac_n or_o calendar_n begin_v the_o year_n from_o the_o first_o day_n of_o january_n albeit_o this_o beginning_n differ_v in_o many_o other_o country_n which_o be_v convenient_a for_o merchant_n to_o observe_v the_o astrologian_n begin_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o arijs_fw-la which_o be_v the_o 21_o of_o march_n at_z 12_o of_o the_o clock_n at_o noon_n the_o old_a roman_n do_v begin_v their_o year_n ab_fw-la hieberno_fw-la solstitio_fw-la the_o egyptian_n and_o old_a jew_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n with_o the_o astrologian_n those_o of_o asia_n and_o india_n ab_fw-la aquinoctio_fw-la autumnali_fw-la be_v the_o 23_o of_o september_n at_o 12_o of_o the_o clock_n at_o noon_n the_o grecian_n of_o the_o long_a day_n of_o the_o year_n the_o venetian_n of_o the_o first_o of_o march_n the_o spaniard_n from_o the_o annunciation_n of_o the_o virgin_n marie_n the_o 25_o of_o march_n as_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n the_o portugal_n and_o the_o east-indies_n barbary_n preste-iohn_n the_o 29._o of_o august_n moses_n by_o god_n commandment_n ab_fw-la equinoctio_fw-la verno_fw-la which_o be_v easter_n according_a to_o which_o day_n easter_n day_n easter_n day_n be_v ordain_v upon_o the_o full_a moon_n be_v the_o fourteen_o day_n of_o the_o first_o moon_n after_o the_o sun_n enter_v into_o the_o sign_n of_o aries_n which_o be_v also_o use_v in_o egypt_n afterward_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 328_o the_o council_n of_o nice_n do_v ordain_v easter_n day_n always_o to_o be_v upon_o the_o sabbath_n day_n or_o sunday_n next_o after_o the_o full_a moon_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o alexandria_n make_v thereupon_o a_o list_n according_a to_o the_o circle_n or_o golden_a number_n of_o the_o moon_n begin_v from_o the_o figure_n 1_o until_o number_v 19_o for_o that_o in_o 19_o year_n the_o moon_n make_v her_o complete_a revolution_n &_o concur_v with_o the_o sun_n and_o if_o the_o number_n do_v fall_v out_o upon_o a_o sunday_n than_o the_o sunday_n after_o be_v easter_n day_n day_n the_o listen_v appoint_v for_o easter_n day_n according_a to_o this_o abstract_n which_o be_v now_o alter_v by_o ten_o day_n upon_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o calendar_n by_o pope_n gregory_n the_o 13._o golden_a numberâ—_n 1._o the_o 5_o of_o april_n 2._o the_o 25_o of_o march_n 3._o the_o 13_o of_o april_n 4._o the_o 2_o of_o april_n 5._o the_o 22_o of_o march_n 6._o the_o 10_o of_o april_n 7._o the_o 30_o of_o march_n 8._o the_o 18_o of_o april_n 9_o the_o 7_o of_o april_n 10._o the_o 27_o of_o march_n 11._o the_o 15_o of_o april_n 12._o the_o 4_o of_o april_n 13._o the_o 24_o of_o march_n 14._o the_o 12_o of_o april_n 15._o the_o 1_o of_o april_n 16._o the_o 21_o of_o march_n 17._o the_o 9_o of_o april_n 18._o the_o 29_o of_o march_n 19_o the_o 17_o of_o april_n moon_n revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n the_o year_n be_v exact_o calculate_v according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o revolution_n in_o the_o zodiac_n through_o all_o the_o twelve_o sign_n consist_v of_o 365_o day_n 5_o hour_n 49_o minute_n and_o 16_o second_n and_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o her_o go_v course_n be_v 27_o day_n and_o about_o 8_o hour_n and_o in_o her_o return_a course_n about_o 29_o day_n and_o one_o half_a
five_o ducat_n and_o the_o cinnamon_n of_o malabar_n call_v de_n mato_fw-mi for_o ten_o ducat_n whereby_o the_o pound_n of_o the_o best_a be_v about_o 19_o penny_n and_o the_o other_o about_o 6_o d._n pepper_n pepper_n pepper_n of_o calicut_n malabar_n and_o the_o island_n of_o sumatra_n at_o 10_o ducat_n the_o hundred_o buy_v by_o the_o base_a of_o four_o quintall_n come_v to_o 6_o d._n the_o pound_n pepper_n long_o pepper_n long_n pepper_n be_v sell_v at_o 25_o ducat_n the_o hundred_o be_v the_o pound_n 15_o penny_n benjoin_v benjoin_v benjoin_v de_fw-fr boninas_n at_o 55_o ducat_n and_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o caregasan_n at_o 48_o ducat_n be_v the_o pound_n at_o 2_o ss_z 5_o penny_n and_o 2_o ss_z 2_o d._n or_o thereabouts_o campheir_n campheir_n campheir_o of_o china_n be_v sell_v at_o 40_o ducat_n be_v 10_o will_v and_o the_o pound_n about_o 22_o d._n indigo_n indigo_n indigo_n of_o the_o better_a sort_n call_v carquez_n 40_o ducat_n and_o the_o common_a sort_n of_o aldcas_n 30_o ducat_n and_o the_o rich_a sort_n of_o aldcas_n 70_o ducat_n the_o hundred_o which_o be_v the_o pound_n 22_o d._n 18_o d._n and_o 3_o ss_z or_o thereabouts_o this_o rich_a indigo_n be_v as_o good_a as_o that_o of_o the_o west_n indies_n of_o guatimalo_n indigo_n west_n indies_n indigo_n and_o better_a than_o laurea_n alias_o lahora_n come_v from_o the_o say_a west_n indies_n whereof_o there_o be_v wont_a to_o come_v another_o sort_n call_v indigo_n campeche_n which_o be_v a_o extraction_n of_o logwood_n indigo_n uncertain_a trade_n for_o indigo_n be_v overlight_n and_o frothy_a without_o substance_n which_o do_v swim_v upon_o the_o water_n whereby_o this_o manner_n of_o trial_n be_v uncertain_a and_o only_o the_o cowpe_v must_v find_v the_o goodness_n of_o indigo_n by_o the_o work_n of_o it_o commodity_n sell_v by_o a_o weight_n call_v man_n of_o 24_o will_v weight_n china_n silk_n 76_o ducat_n silk_n in_o piece_n 86_o ducat_n silk_n silk_n silk_n of_o lancan_n 40_o ducat_n silk_n of_o the_o eagle_n the_o best_a 35_o and_o the_o common_a 26_o ducat_n lacre_n or_o hard-wax_n sixteen_o ducat_n the_o man._n soft-wax_n hard-wâ—x_a hard-wâ—x_a four_o ducat_n commodity_n sell_v by_o the_o bar_n of_o 15_o roove_n or_o arroba_n of_o 28_o will_v white_a sandalo_n the_o 20_o piece_n 160_o ducat_n red_a sandall_n wood_n china_n wood_n of_o china_n fifty_o ducat_n china_n wood_n 180_o ducat_n ebony_n wood_n 200_o ducat_n commodity_n which_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o ounce_n amber_n greis_n 13_o ducat_n be_v 65_o ss_z black_a amber_n 3_o ducat_n amber_n amber_n or_o 15_o ss_z the_o ounce_n musk_n in_o coads_n at_o 2_o ½_n ducat_n or_o 12_o ss_z 6_o penny_n the_o ounce_n musk_n musk_n bezoar_n stone_n be_v sell_v according_a to_o their_o bigness_n more_o or_o less_o stone_n besâ—aar_n stone_n commodity_n sell_v by_o the_o score_n of_o twenty_o piece_n as_o calico_n cloth_n etc._n etc._n calico_n cloth_n of_o the_o place_n follow_v call_v by_o several_a name_n place_n calico_n cloth_n oâ—_n diveâ—s_v place_n canequin_n fine_a of_o cambaya_n 60_o ducat_n be_v 3_o ducat_n or_o 15_o ss_z the_o piece_n canequin_n ordinary_a of_o the_o same_o place_n 40_o ducat_n be_v 10_o ss_z the_o piece_n teadas_n 20_o ducat_n be_v 5_o ss_z the_o piece_n dotin_n 25_o ducat_n bancais_n ten_o etc._n etc._n cotonias_n for_o friar_n twenty_o four_o ducat_n and_o ordinary_a at_o twenty_o ducat_n calico_n cloth_n dosinde_n call_v jourin_n fine_a 70_o and_o ordinary_a 45_o ducat_n calico_n cloth_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o canaor_n call_v beatillas_n fine_a 26_o ducat_n and_o the_o ordinary_a 20_o ducat_n pacharins_n 25_o and_o berame_v 30_o ducat_n calico_n cloth_n of_o vengala_n of_o two_o place_n call_v cassas_fw-la sine_fw-la 100_o ducat_n the_o ordinary_a cassas_fw-la 70_o ducat_n soto_n paze_n 25_o ducat_n and_o beatillas_n 100_o ducat_n chaictare_v fine_a 40_o ducat_n ordinary_n 25_o and_o cassas_fw-la of_o 60_o ducat_n calico_n lawn_n make_v of_o nettle_n â—_o 4_o broad_a lawn_n calico_n lawn_n and_o eighteen_o yard_n long_o be_v of_o diverse_a sort_n from_o threescore_o ducat_n to_o one_o hundred_o twenty_o and_o above_o all_o kind_n of_o drug_n differ_v much_o in_o goodness_n drug_n drug_n must_v be_v buy_v according_o as_o mirabolanes_n call_v emblici_fw-la belirici_fw-la citrici_fw-la and_o indij_fw-la tamarind_n calamus_fw-la aromaticus_fw-la spicanardi_n oppium_fw-la cassia_n myrrh_n inanse_v aloe_n cicatrini_fw-la &_o tutia_n rheubarbe_n and_o the_o like_a lignnm_n aloe_n sander_n borax_n or_o atincall_a and_o many_o other_o commodity_n all_o which_o spice_n and_o drug_n be_v to_o be_v garble_v for_o the_o better_a and_o wholesome_a use_n of_o man_n for_o as_o liquid_a thing_n in_o nature_n become_v sour_a so_o dry_a thing_n become_v bitter_a in_o nature_n whereupon_o the_o garbeller_n office_n be_v establish_v and_o grant_v 1309._o the_o office_n of_o garbleâ—ship_n aâ—no_fw-la 1309._o first_o in_o england_n by_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o unto_o some_o sufficient_a person_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o pepperer_n now_o call_v grocer_n of_o london_n which_o be_v in_o effect_n to_o separate_v the_o good_a from_o the_o bad_a or_o pure_a thing_n from_o the_o impure_a put_v they_o up_o every_o one_o according_o under_o certain_a seal_n of_o the_o weight_n goodness_n and_o value_v of_o pearl_n and_o precious_a stone_n pearl_n and_o diamond_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v by_o the_o carrot_fw-la weight_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n for_o whereas_o gold_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o carrot_fw-la of_o 24_o to_o a_o ounce_n account_v two_o carrat_n for_o one_o ounce_n of_o silver_n whereof_o 12_o ounce_n make_v the_o pound_n weight_n troy_n weight_n difference_n of_o carrats_n weight_n this_o carrot_fw-la weight_n for_o pearl_n and_o diamond_n be_v far_o lesser_a for_o the_o 150_o carrat_n make_v but_o one_o ounce_n so_o that_o one_o carrot_fw-la of_o gold_n weight_n weigh_v 6_o ¼_n part_n of_o a_o carrot_fw-la of_o diamond_n weight_n and_o the_o like_a for_o pearl_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o measure_n for_o round_a pearl_n make_v correspondent_a thereunto_o which_o be_v also_o divide_v into_o 4_o grain_n as_o the_o troy_n weight_n be_v which_o grain_n be_v of_o less_o proportion_n of_o 6_o ¼_n to_o one_o and_o the_o division_n of_o small_a weight_n be_v make_v in_o ½_n ¼_n â…›_n and_o â…™_n part_n albeit_o the_o troy_n grain_n be_v most_o common_o use_v without_o this_o observation_n weight_n india_n weight_n diamond_n be_v buy_v in_o the_o east_n indies_n by_o a_o weight_n call_v mangear_n or_o mangelin_n weigh_v two_o tare_n â…”_n which_o â—_o 3_o of_o a_o carrot_fw-la for_o 4_o tare_n weigh_v a_o fanan_n which_o be_v above_o 2_o carrot_n ruby_n be_v buy_v by_o the_o fanan_n and_o 11_o ¼_n fanans_n make_v one_o mitigall_n and_o 6_o ½_n of_o they_o make_v a_o ounce_n but_o of_o late_a year_n diamond_n ruby_n and_o saphire_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v by_o the_o carrot_fw-la weight_n diamond_n the_o most_o perfect_a call_v nayfe_n be_v find_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o decan_n and_o narsinga_n and_o the_o island_n of_o ziclan_n which_o as_o i_o say_v be_v sell_v by_o the_o mangelin_n at_o so_o many_o pardaos_n or_o ducat_n of_o 360_o reis_n or_o 9_o royal_n of_o portugal_n but_o account_v the_o fanan_n at_o six_o penny_n and_o ten_o fanans_n for_o the_o say_v ducatt_n than_o the_o pardao_n be_v five_o shilling_n starling_n the_o nayfe_n diamond_n be_v point_v on_o both_o side_n and_o they_o do_v grow_v upon_o the_o flat_a diamond_n which_o be_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o bourt_n of_o diamond_n and_o be_v impure_a common_o beat_v therefore_o into_o powder_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o other_o diamond_n that_o be_v cut_v and_o polish_v by_o the_o millne_a the_o flat_a diamond_n be_v always_o value_v one_o three_o part_n less_o in_o price_n than_o the_o nayfe_n be_v so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v uncut_a but_o be_v cut_v be_v of_o more_o or_o less_o estimation_n according_a to_o their_o fashion_n some_o be_v fair_a triangle_n other_o flower_n de_fw-fr luce_n rose_n heart_n colume_n demy_fw-fr cross_n or_o other_o fashion_n of_o poly_n angle_n and_o proportion_n serve_v for_o the_o member_n or_o part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v make_v into_o many_o work_n and_o jewel_n as_o the_o jeweller_n will_v apply_v the_o same_o cut_v with_o many_o fassets_n or_o square_n but_o the_o thick_a stone_n be_v more_o certain_o know_v by_o their_o weight_n have_v their_o bisallye_n complete_a either_o in_o table_n or_o point_n want_v no_o corner_n or_o due_a proportion_n without_o spot_n or_o sand_n burble_n diamond_n property_n of_o good_a diamond_n flaw_n and_o vein_n which_o sometime_o although_o it_o be_v in_o little_a stone_n make_v they_o run_v 3_o and_o 4_o day_n upon_o the_o milne_a spend_v much_o time_n and_o labour_n to_o polish_v
a_o sum_n of_o money_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o a_o ship_n in_o consideration_n that_o he_o fraight_v the_o say_a ship_n for_o a_o voyage_n promise_v to_o repay_v the_o say_a money_n at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o say_a voyage_n if_o the_o say_a factor_n have_v freight_v this_o ship_n for_o another_o man_n account_n this_o merchant_n be_v to_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o money_n during_o the_o time_n and_o if_o the_o factor_n conceal_v the_o same_o he_o be_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n thereof_o which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v both_o for_o the_o interest_n and_o adventure_v of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o say_a owner_n bear_v the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o merchant_n will_v have_v assure_v so_o much_o the_o less_o or_o by_o employ_v that_o money_n towards_o the_o lade_n of_o the_o ship_n he_o shall_v disburse_v to_o much_o money_n less_o to_o make_v the_o say_a voyage_n and_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o in_o regard_n of_o that_o money_n the_o freight_n be_v make_v the_o great_a whereof_o the_o say_v owner_n of_o the_o ship_n have_v have_v a_o consideration_n by_o disburse_v the_o same_o assurance_n assurance_n if_o a_o factor_n be_v require_v to_o make_v assurance_n for_o a_o merchant_n upon_o a_o ship_n or_o good_n lade_v for_o a_o certain_a voyage_n and_o have_v money_n in_o his_o hand_n to_o pay_v for_o the_o premio_fw-la or_o the_o price_n of_o assurance_n and_o this_o factor_n do_v neglect_v the_o same_o and_o give_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o to_o the_o merchant_n who_o may_v have_v make_v assurance_n in_o another_o place_n and_o the_o say_a ship_n or_o good_n do_v perish_v at_o the_o sea_n this_o factor_n be_v to_o answer_v the_o damage_n unless_o he_o can_v give_v some_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o the_o non-performance_n of_o the_o say_a order_n or_o commission_n order_n composition_n make_v without_o order_n if_o a_o factor_n have_v make_v assurance_n upon_o good_n lade_v which_o afterward_o be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n make_v any_o composition_n with_o the_o assurer_n for_o the_o same_o without_o order_n or_o commission_n for_o it_o he_o be_v to_o answer_v the_o whole_a assurance_n to_o the_o merchant_n a_o merchant_n cause_v a_o ship_n to_o be_v freight_v and_o lade_v with_o commodity_n for_o constantinople_n by_o a_o factor_n of_o london_n himself_o dwell_v at_o antuerpe_n and_o be_v a_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o late_a war_n cause_v 2000_o will_v to_o be_v assure_v at_o london_n upon_o the_o say_a good_n the_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v take_v by_o the_o galley_n of_o sicilia_n and_o bring_v to_o palermo_n where_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o good_n do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n his_o subject_n but_o that_o there_o be_v 2000_o will_v assure_v at_o london_n by_o english_a merchant_n their_o enemy_n in_o those_o day_n pretend_v thereupon_o to_o take_v the_o say_v good_n for_o forfeit_a or_o so_o much_o of_o they_o as_o shall_v amount_v to_o the_o sum_n so_o assure_v hereupon_o the_o assurer_n have_v intimation_n from_o the_o factor_n of_o it_o desire_v to_o make_v some_o composition_n to_o avoid_v that_o danger_n whereby_o the_o good_n also_o may_v be_v soon_o clear_v and_o the_o possession_n obtain_v for_o the_o owner_n and_o proprietary_n thereof_o which_o be_v the_o merchant_n of_o antuerp_n wherein_o expedition_n be_v require_v the_o factor_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o say_a expedition_n do_v not_o stay_v to_o receive_v a_o answer_n from_o the_o merchant_n what_o he_o shall_v do_v but_o make_v a_o composition_n with_o the_o assuror_n for_o 60_o pound_n for_o the_o hundred_o pound_n to_o be_v pay_v instant_o the_o good_n be_v afterward_o all_o recover_v whereof_o so_o much_o as_o have_v be_v assure_v be_v former_o relinquish_v to_o the_o assuror_n for_o the_o merchant_n will_v not_o condescend_v to_o make_v any_o composition_n with_o the_o assuror_n so_o that_o the_o factor_n do_v bear_v the_o adventure_n to_o lose_v 2000_o will_v for_o some_o 1200_o will_v which_o he_o have_v receive_v if_o the_o good_n have_v not_o be_v recover_v and_o therefore_o the_o say_a factor_n take_v to_o himself_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o composition_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o experience_a merchant_n if_o a_o factor_n by_o error_n of_o account_n do_v wrong_a unto_o a_o merchant_n account_n account_n he_o be_v to_o amend_v and_o to_o make_v good_a the_o same_o not_o only_o for_o the_o principal_a but_o also_o with_o the_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n so_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o a_o factor_n for_o his_o own_o wrong_n have_v forget_v to_o charge_v the_o merchant_n account_n with_o some_o parcel_n pay_v out_o for_o he_o or_o make_v over_o by_o exchange_n the_o merchant_n be_v to_o answer_v for_o it_o with_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n in_o these_o precedent_a observation_n be_v comprise_v all_o other_o case_n of_o difference_n which_o may_v happen_v between_o factor_n and_o merchant_n cahp._n xvii_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o sea_n law_n have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n methodical_o entreat_v as_o also_o in_o this_o hitherto_o of_o the_o matter_n therein_o intend_v nevertheless_o according_a to_o the_o content_n of_o they_o the_o matter_n be_v of_o several_a nature_n run_v promiscuous_o but_o in_o the_o end_n will_v perform_v the_o work_n for_o as_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n be_v compound_v of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o earth_n so_o this_o work_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n can_v be_v complete_a without_o the_o sea_n law_n so_o call_v law_n because_o they_o be_v write_v and_o know_v for_o without_o navigation_n commerce_n be_v of_o small_a moment_n so_o that_o the_o land_n affair_n shall_v be_v intermix_v with_o seafaring_a matter_n according_o some_o do_v attribute_v the_o first_o make_v of_o sea_n law_n to_o the_o pheniciaus_fw-la and_o carthaginian_n because_o pliny_n do_v ascribe_v the_o art_n of_o sail_v unto_o they_o but_o by_o the_o most_o ancient_a record_n the_o beginning_n must_v be_v from_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o island_n of_o rhodes_n law_n rhodian_a law_n situate_v within_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n who_o be_v most_o famous_a for_o ship_v and_o sail_v as_o strabo_n have_v write_v and_o surpass_v all_o nation_n in_o knowledge_n of_o equity_n in_o maritime_a cause_n and_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n be_v for_o above_o one_o thousand_o year_n only_o rule_v by_o their_o law_n call_v the_o rhodian_a law_n although_o augment_v with_o some_o addition_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o last_o as_o some_o have_v record_v when_o all_o sort_n of_o law_n by_o the_o eversion_n and_o lacerate_v of_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n bury_v the_o ruler_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n 1075_o make_v new_a sea_n law_n and_o statute_n and_o so_o do_v every_o chief_a seafaring_a town_n upon_o the_o say_a mediterranean_a coast_n add_v thereunto_o other_o ordinance_n so_o do_v they_o of_o marseilles_n in_o the_o year_n 1162_o genoa_n in_o 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learn_v i_o will_v to_o god_n that_o the_o mine_n royal_a or_o other_o will_v prove_v to_o be_v worth_a ten_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a and_o above_o whereby_o his_o highness_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a maxim_n of_o the_o law_n may_v claim_v his_o interest_n as_o they_o say_v for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v how_o gracious_a and_o bountiful_a his_o majesty_n be_v always_o the_o great_a wealth_n of_o the_o west-indies_n will_v not_o be_v so_o admirable_a unto_o we_o sterling_a a_o spanish_n million_o be_v 300_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a the_o report_n whereof_o be_v great_a than_o the_o truth_n and_o the_o spanish_a million_o be_v not_o sterling_a million_o nevertheless_o let_v we_o reckon_v they_o with_o the_o most_o which_o be_v three_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a and_o when_o the_o fleet_n of_o the_o west-indies_n and_o nova_fw-la espagna_n bring_v eight_o or_o nine_o million_o it_o be_v a_o great_a matter_n and_o to_o make_v this_o apparent_a i_o have_v here_o set_v down_o the_o great_a treasure_n that_o ever_o come_v at_o any_o one_o time_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1587._o as_o a_o provision_n for_o the_o great_a armada_n then_o prepare_v whereunto_o unto_o great_a benevolence_n have_v be_v gather_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o meritorious_a action_n which_o god_n from_o invincible_a make_v invisible_a the_o register_n of_o the_o treasure_n be_v with_o the_o most_o namely_o from_o nova_fw-la espana_n and_o terra_n firm_a for_o the_o king_n 8100_o ingot_n of_o silver_n 12_o chest_n with_o gold_n 300_o thousand_o royal_n of_o eight_o 20_o case_n with_o pearl_n 1_o chest_n with_o emerald_n 5600_o rove_n of_o cutchenille_n for_o particular_a person_n west-indies_n a_o remembrance_n of_o the_o great_a revenue_n of_o the_o west-indies_n 5_o million_o teasted_a silver_n
to_o give_v twenty_o per_fw-la 100_o for_o the_o year_n and_o so_o from_o year_n to_o year_n and_o die_v the_o principal_a be_v they_o one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o eight_o life_n by_o equality_n decrease_v the_o penny_n 8_o be_v 12_o will_v 10_o ss_z for_o two_o life_n 11_o will_v 2_o ss_z for_o three_o life_n 10_o will_v for_o four_o life_n 9_o will_v 1_o ss_z 9_o penny_n be_v 6_o will_v 5_o ss_z for_o eight_o life_n the_o city_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v wont_a to_o give_v good_a consideration_n and_o do_v observe_v this_o order_n upon_o a_o hundred_o gelder_n for_n eight_o life_n give_v 16_o 13_o 4_o life_n observation_n of_o money_n deliver_v upon_o life_n of_o nine_o life_n 19_o 1_o 0_o upon_o ten_o life_n they_o give_v 22_o 4_o 5_o upon_o eleven_o life_n 26_o 13_o 4_o upon_o twelve_o life_n 33_o 6_o 8_o upon_o seven_o life_n 14_o 6_o 4_o upon_o six_o life_n 13_o 6_o 8_o here_o you_o be_v to_o remember_v the_o observation_n of_o assuror_n whether_o the_o person_n be_v young_a or_o old_a sober_a in_o their_o diet_n and_o behaviour_n much_o travel_v abroad_o or_o stay_v at_o home_n subject_a to_o sickness_n and_o the_o like_a consideration_n house_n rent_n upon_o house_n money_n deliver_v upon_o annuity_n for_o rent_n seem_v more_o reasonable_a than_o pension_n upon_o life_n because_o you_o bear_v only_o the_o adventure_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o house_n or_o destruction_n of_o they_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o much_o more_o shall_v be_v give_v without_o pawn_n than_o with_o pawn_n or_o mortgage_n it_o be_v commodious_a for_o a_o man_n have_v waste_a ground_n and_o intend_v to_o build_v upon_o they_o to_o take_v much_o money_n upon_o rent_n after_o 6_o ¼_n pro_fw-la cent_n which_o many_o city_n give_v continual_o to_o increase_v their_o wealth_n and_o inhabitant_n and_o because_o the_o valuation_n of_o their_o money_n do_v often_o alter_v and_o be_v enhance_v whereby_o all_o thing_n become_v dear_a specie_fw-la rent_n pay_v in_o specie_fw-la the_o party_n be_v advise_v to_o have_v their_o rent_n pay_v in_o specie_fw-la in_o crown_n dollar_n ducat_n to_o be_v pay_v as_o former_o they_o be_v currant_n the_o danger_n in_o time_n of_o war_n cause_v rent_n to_o decrease_v for_o the_o ancient_a rent_n be_v always_o first_o to_o be_v pay_v although_o all_o other_o be_v loser_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o denomination_n and_o division_n of_o money_n of_o diverse_a country_n the_o denomination_n division_n and_o subdivision_n of_o the_o money_n of_o all_o country_n be_v most_o necessary_a for_o merchant_n and_o all_o other_o to_o be_v know_v because_o without_o it_o they_o sail_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n without_o compass_n abandon_v at_o all_o uncertainty_n and_o danger_n to_o have_v true_a equality_n and_o equity_n observe_v in_o their_o buy_n and_o selling_n and_o that_o more_o especial_o if_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n be_v neglect_v as_o shall_v be_v declare_v hereafter_o some_o of_o these_o money_n be_v imaginary_a and_o some_o be_v substantial_a or_o real_a in_o specie_fw-la and_o yet_o not_o concur_v in_o price_n or_o value_n england_n england_n in_o england_n concern_v silver_n coin_n there_o be_v the_o crown_n of_o five_o shilling_n and_o the_o half_a crown_n of_o two_o shilling_n six_o penny_n the_o shilling_n the_o six_o penny_n the_o four_o penny_n or_o groat_n the_o three_o penny_n two_o penny_n three_o half_a penny_n the_o penny_n and_o half_a penny_n of_o sterling_a silver_n and_o the_o farthing_n of_o copper_n the_o ordinary_a golden_a coin_n be_v the_o unite_v piece_n of_o 22_o shilling_n the_o half_a of_o eleven_o shilling_n and_o the_o crown_n or_o quarter_n of_o five_o shilling_n six_o penny_n and_o the_o â…›_n part_v two_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n and_o the_o five_o piece_n coin_a at_o four_o shilling_n make_v twenty_o two_o shilling_n with_o the_o rose_n and_o the_o thistle_n the_o laureate_a king_n james_n of_o twenty_o two_o carrat_n fine_a of_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o the_o half_a piece_n scotland_n scotland_n in_o scotland_n be_v the_o cross_a dagger_n piece_n of_o eleven_o shilling_n and_o the_o half_a of_o it_o and_o their_o rider_n of_o ten_o shilling_n six_o penny_n and_o for_o their_o silver_n coin_v the_o mark_n piece_n value_v at_o 13_o penny_n ½_n in_o england_n and_o the_o half_a of_o the_o same_o as_o also_o six_o small_a piece_n of_o above_o two_o penny_n for_o the_o say_a mark_n ireland_n ireland_n in_o ireland_n where_o no_o mint_n have_v be_v since_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o of_o england_n the_o fifteen_o shilling_n sterling_a make_v twenty_o shilling_n irish_a and_o the_o silver_n harp_n of_o nine_o penny_n sterling_a be_v there_o currant_n for_o twelve_o penny_n and_o the_o moiety_n thereof_o according_o and_o the_o abovesaid_a gold_n coin_n be_v currant_n as_o in_o england_n or_o in_o sterling_a reduce_v into_o their_o irish_a money_n one_o three_o part_n more_o so_o that_o the_o twenty_o shilling_n piece_n of_o laureate_a king_n james_n be_v there_o four_o noble_n and_o all_o other_o division_n of_o it_o according_o so_o the_o english_a shilling_n be_v sixteen_o penny_n irish_a and_o the_o part_n of_o it_o according_o all_o other_o old_a irish_a coin_n be_v out_o of_o use_n and_o little_a quantity_n to_o be_v find_v of_o it_o in_o germany_n they_o make_v all_o their_o money_n by_o the_o account_n of_o batsen_n every_o bat_n four_o creutzer_n coin_v piece_n of_o three_o six_o germany_n germany_n and_o twelve_o creutzer_n so_o the_o ducat_n of_o hungary_n make_v 27_o batse_n the_o gold_n gelder_n eighteen_o batse_n the_o polish_v gelder_n or_o dolor_n fifteen_o batse_n teaston_n five_o batse_n the_o say_a gold_n gelder_n be_v value_n anno_fw-la 1520_o to_o be_v currant_n in_o holland_n for_o twenty_o eight_o stiver_n whereby_o their_o corn_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v which_o be_v erroneous_a and_o imaginary_a because_o there_o be_v no_o such_o piece_n in_o specie_fw-la so_o be_v the_o dolor_n and_o the_o silver_n gelder_n call_v gros_n or_o vnciales_n weigh_v a_o ounce_n the_o ancient_a roman_n call_v a_o ounce_n a_o gelder_n and_o the_o eight_o ounce_n make_v one_o mark_n and_o 12_o ounce_n or_o gelders_n be_v reckon_v for_o one_o pound_n and_o there_o be_v coin_a piece_n call_v nummi_fw-la dragmi_fw-la alius_fw-la grosleyn_n be_v the_o eight_o part_n of_o a_o dolor_n angelicy_n be_v the_o â…™_n of_o a_o dolor_n make_v three_o batse_n or_o twelve_o creutzer_n call_v schriekenborger_n the_o say_v angelici_fw-la be_v tribute_n peny_n which_o be_v allay_v and_o make_v worse_o do_v obtain_v the_o name_n of_o bat_n as_o it_o be_v seek_v of_o a_o benefit_n which_o since_o have_v be_v more_o embase_v and_o therefore_o deserve_v that_o name_n of_o batse_n they_o be_v call_v in_o thuringia_n gulielmi_n and_o in_o bohemia_n bohemici_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o say_a tribute_n whereof_o they_o have_v also_o 12_o piece_n divide_o for_o 12_o penny_n which_o penny_n be_v all_o germany_n over_o two_o heller_n by_o way_n of_o account_n the_o dolor_n be_v first_o make_v upon_o sixty_o and_o five_o creutzer_n which_o in_o those_o coin_n so_o embase_v be_v answer_v by_o 72_o creutzers_n and_o in_o othâ—â—_n city_n of_o germany_n they_o reckon_v as_o follow_v upon_o diverse_a coin_n 〈◊〉_d make_v and_o some_o imaginary_a at_o augusta_n they_o have_v small_a money_n gross_v of_o three_o batse_n augusta_n augusta_n lion_n piece_n whereof_o two_o make_v a_o creutzer_n the_o blackepennie_n four_o to_o one_o creutzer_n snubourgh_n blaphart_n or_o bohomicos_fw-la of_o three_o and_o 3_o ½_n creutzer_n the_o rycke_v dolor_n be_v thirty_o albes_fw-la of_o eight_o penny_n every_o albe_n or_o seventie_o and_o two_o creutzer_n for_o the_o say_a dolor_n at_o frankford_n they_o divide_v their_o florin_n of_o sixty_o creutzer_n frankford_n frankford_n by_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o every_o shilling_n in_o twelve_o heller_n according_a to_o the_o pound_n at_o norenbourgh_n in_o like_a manner_n and_o the_o creutzer_n be_v four_o penny_n norenborough_n norenborough_n every_o penny_n two_o heller_n and_o five_o penny_n call_v a_o fynfer_v or_o five_o pennick_n at_o strasborough_n they_o use_v blapharts_n gross_v strasborough_n strasborough_n bohemicos_fw-la of_o three_o creutzer_n every_o blaphart_n six_o penny_n of_o two_o heller_n or_o four_o ortlyn_n at_o bohemia_n as_o in_o germany_n and_o the_o bohemici_n bohemia_n bohemia_n be_v whitgrosse_v of_o three_o creutzer_n the_o doller_n be_v twenty_o four_o bohemicos_fw-la of_o twelve_o angster_n every_o bohemico_fw-la ten_o penny_n and_o one_o mark_n be_v forty_o bohemicos_fw-la and_o scoc_n be_v sixty_o bohemicos_fw-la vienna_n vienna_n at_o vienna_n the_o rycke_v doller_n be_v eight_o shilling_n and_o the_o ducat_n twelve_o shilling_n trioll_n trioll_n at_o trioll_n the_o doller_n at_o seventie_o two_o creutzer_n of_o five_o fynfer_v or_o heller_n the_o creutzer_n hungary_n hungary_n
their_o body_n until_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n for_o albeit_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n be_v right_o term_v to_o be_v the_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n man_n the_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v the_o spirit_n of_o man_n yet_o the_o part_n of_o the_o soul_n concern_v understanding_n and_o will_n have_v their_o proper_a relation_n for_o that_o part_n call_v understanding_n be_v seat_v chief_o in_o the_o soul_n as_o will_n be_v in_o the_o spirit_n both_o to_o be_v accompany_v with_o knowledge_n the_o philosopher_n have_v make_v this_o distinction_n by_o their_o chemical_a observation_n and_o such_o as_o place_v the_o soul_n in_o the_o blood_n disperse_v through_o all_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o body_n do_v also_o place_v the_o will_n of_o man_n in_o the_o spirit_n reside_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n which_o the_o anatomist_n demonstrate_v to_o be_v a_o little_a concavitie_n where_o the_o drop_n of_o the_o vital_a blood_n be_v place_v in_o the_o heart_n which_o be_v fear_v up_o and_o the_o place_n be_v shrink_v in_o body_n which_o have_v be_v poison_v to_o make_v application_n of_o this_o comparison_n between_o the_o soul_n and_o spirit_n comparison_n application_n of_o the_o comparison_n we_o shall_v find_v by_o the_o follow_a discourse_n that_o even_o as_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n be_v predominant_a over_o the_o soul_n and_o body_n in_o all_o the_o action_n thereof_o which_o by_o the_o blood_n be_v quicken_v and_o preserve_v even_o so_o be_v the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n overrule_a the_o course_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n in_o all_o place_n where_o the_o action_n of_o money_n be_v feel_v or_o see_v direct_v the_o same_o by_o some_o due_a proportion_n according_o chap._n i._o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o exchange_n for_o money_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n for_o as_o we_o have_v declare_v the_o first_o silver_n money_n coin_a by_o the_o roman_n be_v almost_o 1900_o year_n since_o and_o even_o as_o money_n be_v invent_v to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o best_a metal_n to_o avoid_v the_o troublesome_a carriage_n of_o commodity_n up_o and_o down_o and_o from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o so_o upon_o the_o like_a consideration_n when_o other_o nation_n imitate_v the_o roman_n do_v coin_n money_n exchange_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o exchange_n exchange_n by_o bill_n for_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o avoid_v both_o the_o danger_n and_o adventure_n of_o money_n and_o the_o troublesome_a carriage_n thereof_o this_o money_n now_o be_v make_v by_o diverse_a nation_n of_o several_a standard_n and_o diverse_a stamp_n and_o inscription_n as_o a_o mark_n of_o sovereignty_n cause_v they_o to_o appoint_v a_o certain_a exchange_n for_o the_o permutation_n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o coin_n in_o diverse_a country_n without_o any_o transportation_n of_o the_o coin_n but_o give_v par_n pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n with_o a_o certain_a allowance_n to_o accommodate_v the_o merchant_n and_o the_o officer_n to_o execute_v the_o same_o be_v call_v numularij_fw-la argentarij_fw-la and_o collybistae_n that_o be_v to_o say_v numularij_fw-la of_o nummus_fw-la or_o the_o coin_n itself_o argentarij_fw-la because_o the_o silver_n coin_n be_v most_o usual_a in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o collybistae_n because_o it_o signify_v a_o reward_n for_o exchange_v here_o now_o let_v we_o observe_v four_o manner_n of_o exchange_n which_o have_v be_v use_v and_o in_o some_o country_n be_v yet_o continue_v albeit_o some_o of_o they_o be_v abrogate_a in_o england_n common_o call_v cambio_n commune_v cambio_n real_a cambio_n sicco_fw-it and_o cambio_n fictitio_fw-la which_o denomination_n may_v be_v admit_v the_o first_o manner_n of_o exchange_n call_v cambio_n commune_v commune_fw-la i_o cambio_n commune_fw-la be_v proper_o that_o exchange_n which_o the_o say_v collibistae_fw-la or_o common_a exchanger_n do_v use_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o prince_n and_o commonweal_n for_o the_o lawful_a and_o current_a money_n of_o their_o kingdom_n and_o territory_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o expedient_a and_o necessary_a and_o be_v establish_v to_o prevent_v the_o exportation_n of_o money_n from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o country_n and_o these_o exchanger_n do_v deliver_v in_o all_o country_n the_o money_n in_o one_o specie_fw-la for_o the_o money_n in_o other_o species_n by_o they_o receive_v as_o aforesaid_a exchange_n table_n of_o exchange_n whereupon_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n cause_v certain_a table_n to_o be_v set_v up_o at_o dover_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o realm_n declare_v the_o value_n of_o the_o say_v sundry_a species_n of_o coin_n of_o all_o country_n traffic_v with_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o allowance_n which_o merchant_n be_v to_o give_v to_o have_v their_o turn_n serve_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o good_a law_n make_v in_o his_o time_n when_o there_o be_v money_n coin_a in_o diverse_a place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o not_o in_o one_o mint_n only_o within_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o this_o be_v long_o before_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west-indies_n from_o whence_o the_o ocean_n of_o money_n do_v run_v into_o christendom_n and_o for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o say_a table_n all_o be_v at_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o king_n mint_n at_o london_n and_o with_o a_o correspondence_n of_o other_o mint_n namely_o at_o canturburie_n at_o kingston_n upon_o hull_n newcastle_n upon_o tine_n bristol_n and_o exeter_n and_o the_o exchanger_n for_o the_o king_n at_o london_n do_v also_o depute_v exchanger_n in_o the_o most_o place_n except_o that_o certain_a merchant_n of_o florence_n call_v friscobaldi_n be_v the_o king_n exchanger_n at_o kingston_n exchanger_n friscobaldi_n the_o exchanger_n newcastle_n and_o exeter_n who_o make_v the_o say_v exchange_n of_o value_n for_o value_n with_o a_o reasonable_a allowance_n and_o by_o their_o mean_n be_v all_o the_o say_a mint_n set_v on_o work_n and_o the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n be_v prevent_v for_o as_o bishop_n tursids_n book_n of_o arithmetic_n declare_v by_o give_v par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n there_o be_v no_o gain_n leave_v to_o the_o transporter_n the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v constitute_v these_o exchanger_n exchanger_n king_n exchanger_n even_o as_o the_o cambiadore_v and_o banker_n be_v use_v in_o other_o country_n be_v authorise_v by_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n of_o the_o say_a country_n especial_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o of_o england_n who_o have_v two_o exchanger_n the_o one_o call_v custos_fw-la cambij_fw-la infra_fw-la turrim_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n in_o buy_v of_o bullion_n and_o to_o look_v to_o the_o coinage_n of_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n now_o call_v the_o warden_n of_o the_o mint_n the_o other_o be_v call_v keeper_n of_o the_o exchange_n and_o rechange_v within_o or_o towards_o this_o realm_n for_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o specie_fw-la by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o afterward_o the_o say_a exchange_n be_v make_v without_o name_v the_o species_n but_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o several_a coin_n real_a 2_o cambio_z real_a and_o this_o be_v call_v cambium_n regis_fw-la or_o royal_a exchange_n which_o cause_v queen_n elizabeth_n to_o name_v the_o burse_n in_o london_n according_o this_o office_n appear_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o eleven_o year_n of_o the_o say_a king_n edw._n by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v at_o acton_n burnel_n since_o which_o time_n the_o succeed_a king_n and_o queen_n have_v continue_v the_o same_o by_o sixteen_o several_a letter_n patent_n and_o whereas_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o say_v two_o exchanger_n can_v not_o execute_v their_o office_n convenient_o be_v asunder_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o in_o henry_n the_o six_o his_o time_n a_o law_n be_v make_v by_o which_o both_o office_n be_v put_v into_o one_o man_n hand_n and_o so_o continue_v many_o year_n until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o discontinue_v exchange_n discontinue_v when_o he_o cause_v base_a money_n to_o be_v make_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o boulogne_n whereupon_o no_o certain_a exchange_n can_v be_v ground_v albeit_o that_o before_o that_o time_n in_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o a_o old_a statute_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o graston_n the_o chronicle_n of_o graston_n that_o no_o person_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o the_o say_a meaning_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n upon_o pain_n to_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o king_n mortal_a enemy_n and_o to_o forfeit_v all_o that_o he_o may_v forfeit_v for_o in_o his_o noble_a father_n time_n king_n henry_n the_o seven_o the_o banker_n have_v invent_v a_o course_n of_o
5400_o geometrical_a mile_n or_o 21600_o ordinary_a mile_n but_o whereas_o the_o mile_n in_o all_o kingdom_n and_o country_n and_o almost_o in_o every_o province_n or_o shire_n do_v differ_v i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o admit_v one_o measure_n of_o one_o million_o of_o acre_n of_o ground_n to_o measure_v the_o whole_a globe_n thereby_o according_a to_o the_o map_n which_o be_v not_o only_o intelligible_a unto_o all_o man_n but_o all_o merchant_n also_o may_v have_v use_n hereof_o for_o by_o the_o number_n of_o the_o million_o of_o acre_n compare_v one_o kingdom_n unto_o another_o or_o one_o country_n unto_o another_o country_n they_o may_v know_v the_o bigness_n and_o spaciousness_n thereof_o which_o we_o have_v particular_o observe_v in_o europe_n with_o a_o distinction_n also_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o prince_n in_o these_o several_a country_n know_v by_o the_o name_n france_n italy_n germany_n and_o other_o which_o many_o time_n fall_v into_o consideration_n upon_o singular_a occasion_n this_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n be_v divide_v to_o be_v two_o three_o part_n water_n or_o sea_n and_o one_o three_o part_n land_n and_o of_o this_o land_n there_o be_v one_o three_o part_n not_o inhabit_v and_o the_o other_o two_o three_o part_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o whole_a circumference_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a measure_n be_v 19_o 803_o 575000_o which_o be_v 29_o milliars_n 803_o million_o 575_o thousand_o acre_n and_o the_o milliar_a be_v ten_o hundred_o million_o million_o a_o milliar_a be_v ten_o hundred_o million_o so_o the_o ⅔_n part_n water_n be_v 19_o milliars_n 869_o million_o and_o 50_o thousand_o acre_n of_o ground_n answerable_a and_o the_o other_o part_n three_o be_v 9_o milliars_n 934_o million_o 525000_o acre_n hereof_o deduct_v ⅓_n part_v not_o inhabit_v which_o be_v 3_o milliars_n 311_o million_o 508_o thousand_o acre_n so_o rest_v 6_o milliars_n 623_o million_o 17_o thousand_o acre_n of_o land_n inhabit_v whereof_o follow_v a_o particular_a distribution_n first_o for_o europe_n or_o christendom_n england_n contain_v 29_o million_o 568_o thousand_o acre_n scotland_n contain_v 14_o million_o 432_o thousand_o acre_n ireland_n contain_v 18_o million_o so_o these_o three_o kingdom_n with_o all_o their_o dominion_n of_o land_n and_o land_n adjacent_a under_o the_o diadem_n of_o king_n james_n contain_v 62_o million_o of_o acre_n of_o ground_n etc._n etc._n england_n be_v by_o this_o computation_n according_o with_o the_o dominion_n of_o wales_n and_o all_o island_n thereunto_o belong_v the_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n or_o the_o 222_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n inhabit_v or_o the_o 333_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o scotland_n may_v be_v full_a the_o one_o half_a of_o this_o computation_n that_o be_v the_o 444_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n inhabit_v or_o the_o 666_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o monarchy_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n be_v the_o 480_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n unnecessary_a fraction_n in_o cypher_n omit_v the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v 166_o time_n big_a than_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o world_n and_o so_o according_o for_o the_o sea_n and_o earth_n as_o aforesaid_a the_o 17_o province_n of_o the_o low-countries_n contain_v 10_o million_o 797_o thousand_o acre_n whereof_o the_o reconcile_a province_n with_o spain_n contain_v 7_o million_o 197_o thousand_o acre_n the_o unite_a province_n under_o the_o state_n contain_v 3_o million_o 599_o thousand_o acre_n the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n divide_v into_o 32_o province_n contain_v in_o all_o 82_o million_o 879_o thousand_o acre_n the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n be_v eight_o in_o number_n contain_v as_o follow_v  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n castille_n 25_o million_o 730._o andalusia_n 2_o million_o 425_o granado_n 2_o million_o 128_o navarre_n 1_o million_o 458_o leon_n galisia_fw-la 9_o million_o 124_o arragon_n 13_o million_o 104_o biscaye_n 3_o million_o 412_o portugal_n 10_o million_o 154_o in_o all_o contain_v 67_o million_o 535_o thousand_o acre_n italia_n under_o spain_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n naples_n 11_o million_o 704_o lombardie_n 1_o million_o 640_o under_o venice_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n trevisana_n 2_o million_o 584_o verona_n 0_o million_o 480_o frioul_n 1_o million_o 047_o mantua_n 0_o million_o 480_o under_o rome_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n liguria_n 1_o million_o 415_o romagna_n 1_o million_o 085_o latium_n 0_o million_o 480_o hetruria_n 0_o million_o 540_o savoy_n 1_o million_o 910_o piedmont_n 1_o million_o 160_o toscana_n etc._n etc._n 4_o million_o 785_o suria_n and_o florence_n 480_o marca_n 1_o million_o 412_o ancona_n parma_n 0_o million_o 885_o sicilia_n 3_o million_o 113_o cypress_n 1_o million_o 601_o candia_n 2_o million_o 060_o corsica_n 1_o million_o 395_o sardegna_n 4_o million_o 089_o contain_v in_o all_o 44_o million_o 257_o thousand_o acre_n germania_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n saxonia_n 3_o million_o 484_o misina_n 3_o million_o 249_o turnigia_fw-la 1_o million_o 093_o lusatia_n 2_o million_o 572_o bavaria_n 3_o million_o 249_o helsatia_n 3_o million_o 644_o helvetia_n 12_o million_o 328_o basle_n 0_o million_o 842_o swebourgh_n 2_o million_o 109_o salsbourgh_n 1_o million_o 063_o trier_n mentz_n 4_o mill_n 237_o spiers_n strasbourgh_n and_o worm_n juliers_n 0_o million_o 348_o cleave_v 0_o million_o 258_o westphalia_n 2_o million_o 300_o osnab_n 0_o million_o 358_o silesia_n 5_o million_o 706_o bohemia_n 7_o million_o 024_o austria_n 6_o million_o 121_o moravia_n 4_o million_o 114_o pomerania_n 3_o million_o 249_o brandenbourgh_n 6_o million_o 208_o machalbourgh_n 2_o million_o 107_o franconia_n 6_o million_o 361_o tiroll_n 3_o million_o 249_o carinthia_n 1_o million_o 588_o stiria_n 1_o million_o 779_o palantine_n rhine_n 4_o million_o 361_o wirtenborgh_n 1_o million_o 223_o embden_n 0_o million_o 230_o oldenbourgh_n 0_o million_o 449_o liege_n 0_o million_o 548_o coloigne_n 0_o million_o 215_o contain_v in_o all_o 95_o million_o 646_o thousand_o acre_n prussia_n 10_o million_o 240_o thousand_o acre_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n russia_n 9_o million_o 607_o volhimia_n 5_o million_o 762_o massovia_n 1_o million_o 916_o livonia_n 34_o million_o 115_o poland_n 19_o million_o 205_o heretofore_o name_v polonia_n contain_v in_o all_o 80_o million_o m._n 845._o denmark_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n denmark_n 10_o million_o 426_o norway_n 28_o million_o 492_o holsten_n 1_o million_o 065_o ditinar_n 0_o million_o 337_o contain_v in_o all_o 40_o million_o 326_o thousand_o acre_n swethen_n sweathen_a 57_o million_o 430_o thousand_o acre_n finland_n 7_o million_o 531_o thousand_o gothia_n 20_o million_o 936_o thousand_o contain_v in_o all_o 85_o million_o 897_o thousand_o acre_n part_v of_o russiia_n or_o moscovia_n and_o situam_fw-la under_o europe_n 232_o million_o 558_o thousand_o acre_n so_o that_o whole_a europe_n or_o christendom_n do_v but_o contain_v 802_o million_o 740_o thousand_o acre_n europe_n europe_n which_o be_v not_o the_o 12_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n hungary_n dalmatia_n transyluania_n and_o all_o turkey_n 385_o mill_n m._n 367._o moscoviae_n pars_fw-la 128_o million_o 817_o thousand_o acre_n tartary_n 299_o million_o 110_o thousand_o asia_n asia_n persia_n 385_o million_o 367_o thousand_o calicut_n and_o east-india_n 587_o million_o 200_o thousand_o acre_n africa_n contain_v 1541_o million_o 883_o thousand_o acre_n africa_n africa_n america_n contain_v 1152_o million_o 400_o thousand_o acre_n america_n america_n nova_fw-la hispania_n 1349_o million_o 133_o thousand_o acre_n summa_fw-la totalis_fw-la of_o the_o inhabit_a part_n of_o the_o world_n six_o milliars_n six_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o three_o million_o and_o seven_o ten_o thousand_o acre_n of_o land_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la the_o use_n of_o this_o description_n to_o know_v the_o bigness_n of_o one_o country_n compare_v unto_o another_o country_n be_v for_o example_n england_n contain_v twenty_o nine_o measure_n and_o odd_a bohemia_n contain_v seven_o measure_n and_o odd_a be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o england_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o seventeen_o province_n of_o the_o low_a country_n be_v ten_o measure_n and_o odd_a be_v the_o three_o part_n of_o england_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o monarchy_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v forty_o four_o measure_n and_o odd_a be_v as_o big_a as_o all_o italy_n and_o the_o five_o land_n of_o sicilia_n cyprus_n candia_n corsica_n and_o sardignia_n and_o be_v also_o more_o populous_a and_o so_o for_o all_o other_o country_n insomuch_o that_o england_n only_o contain_v twenty_o nine_o of_o those_o measure_n or_o million_o 568_o thousand_o acre_n of_o ground_n if_o we_o deduct_v the_o five_o million_o and_o 568_o thousand_o acre_n for_o wild_a &_o waste_a ground_n and_o highway_n england_n one_o penny_n a_o acre_n be_v one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n in_o england_n there_o will_v remain_v four_o and_o twenty_o million_o of_o acre_n which_o at_o one_o penny_n a_o acre_n amount_v to_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n a_o
bill_n of_o debt_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n which_o be_v ordinary_o sell_v payable_a at_o some_o day_n of_o payment_n either_o 4_o 6_o or_o more_o month_n and_o have_v agree_v upon_o the_o price_n of_o the_o say_a commodity_n or_o before_o he_o make_v the_o seller_n acquaint_v what_o payment_n or_o satisfaction_n he_o will_v give_v he_o in_o bill_n of_o such_o and_o such_o person_n amount_v to_o such_o a_o sum_n either_o little_a more_o or_o less_o than_o the_o commodity_n do_v amount_v unto_o or_o to_o take_v in_o commodity_n so_o much_o as_o the_o say_a bill_n do_v contain_v or_o do_v amount_v unto_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o remainder_n due_a for_o the_o commodity_n more_o than_o the_o bill_n do_v amount_v the_o same_o to_o be_v pay_v in_o ready_a money_n or_o upon_o his_o own_o bill_n payable_a at_o such_o a_o time_n as_o they_o agree_v between_o they_o which_o often_o come_v to_o be_v a_o great_a sum_n hereupon_o all_o such_o bill_n as_o be_v of_o know_a person_n be_v soon_o accept_v of_o and_o of_o the_o unknown_a person_n either_o himself_o that_o be_v the_o seller_n or_o the_o broker_n will_v inquire_v of_o their_o sufficiency_n and_o then_o likewise_o accept_v of_o their_o bill_n in_o payment_n and_o have_v take_v their_o bill_n which_o be_v make_v payable_a to_o the_o bearer_n as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o receiver_n of_o these_o bill_n go_v unto_o the_o party_n and_o demand_v of_o they_o whether_o they_o be_v content_v to_o pay_v he_o those_o bill_n at_o the_o time_n specify_v therein_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o merchant_n for_o commodity_n which_o if_o it_o be_v within_o one_o month_n after_o it_o be_v account_v to_o be_v very_o good_a payment_n the_o debtor_n make_v answer_v that_o he_o will_v pay_v his_o bill_n to_o the_o bearer_n thereof_o according_o for_o if_o this_o man_n will_v not_o ride_v out_o as_o they_o say_v the_o time_n of_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o bill_n he_o may_v go_v to_o another_o man_n and_o buy_v other_o commodity_n therewith_o as_o if_o it_o be_v with_o ready_a money_n the_o time_n only_o consider_v nay_o more_o if_o he_o will_v have_v ready_a money_n for_o these_o bill_n obligatorie_n sell_v of_o bill_n obligatorie_n he_o may_v sell_v they_o to_o other_o merchant_n that_o be_v moneyed_a man_n and_o abate_v for_o the_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n and_o common_o one_o month_n over_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n as_o they_o can_v agree_v and_o as_o money_n be_v plentiful_a they_o shall_v have_v money_n at_o all_o time_n to_o employ_v in_o commodity_n or_o to_o deliver_v by_o exchange_n or_o to_o pay_v debt_n withal_o or_o to_o carry_v home_o in_o specie_fw-la or_o for_o any_o other_o purpose_n at_o their_o pleasure_n which_o be_v commodious_a for_o young_a merchant_n have_v small_a stock_n as_o also_o for_o all_o man_n upon_o all_o occasion_n for_o it_o be_v proper_o as_o money_n pay_v by_o assignation_n whereby_o very_o great_a matter_n be_v compass_v in_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n the_o commodity_n be_v soon_o vent_v in_o all_o place_n debt_n general_a benefit_n by_o set_v over_o of_o bill_n of_o debt_n the_o custom_n and_o imposition_n of_o prince_n do_v increase_v the_o poor_a and_o mechanical_a people_n be_v set_v on_o work_n man_n be_v better_o assure_v in_o their_o payment_n the_o counterfeit_n of_o bill_n and_o difference_n be_v prevent_v the_o more_o commodity_n there_o be_v sell_v the_o less_o ready_a money_n be_v transport_v and_o life_n be_v infuse_v into_o traffic_n and_o trade_n for_o the_o general_a good_a and_o herein_o we_o see_v and_o may_v observe_v that_o thing_n which_o be_v indeed_o and_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o indeed_o but_o take_v to_o be_v indeed_o may_v produce_v all_o one_o effect_n and_o every_o man_n be_v enable_v with_o his_o own_o mean_n and_o credit_n to_o augment_v commerce_n this_o laudable_a custom_n as_o i_o say_v be_v not_o practise_v in_o england_n yet_o sometime_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n will_v accept_v of_o bill_n of_o debt_n in_o payment_n for_o commodity_n sell_v with_o advantage_n but_o then_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v new_a again_o and_o in_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n name_n and_o this_o be_v not_o without_o some_o danger_n to_o he_o that_o buy_v the_o commodity_n or_o merchandise_n for_o another_o man_n bill_n as_o factor_n may_v do_v for_o their_o master_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v by_o good_a experience_n bill_n a_o law_n case_n about_o the_o set_n over_o of_o bill_n that_o a_o factor_n in_o london_n have_v sell_v for_o his_o master_n a_o merchant_n of_o antuerpe_n some_o commodity_n to_o a_o english_a merchant_n to_o the_o value_n of_o seven_o hundred_o pound_n and_o take_v the_o merchant_n bill_n payable_a at_o six_o month_n and_o six_o month_n for_o it_o his_o master_n of_o antuerpe_n do_v appoint_v he_o to_o buy_v bay_n â—or_a these_o bill_n of_o another_o merchant_n which_o he_o do_v perform_v and_o have_v the_o value_n of_o 700_o will_v deliver_v unto_o he_o in_o bay_n according_o and_o the_o bill_n be_v to_o be_v alter_v in_o the_o other_o merchant_n name_n for_o his_o bay_n short_o after_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o english_a merchant_n become_v insoluent_a but_o before_o it_o be_v public_o know_v the_o factor_n bring_v the_o bill_n alter_v according_a to_o the_o agreement_n in_o the_o bay_n merchant_n name_n who_o do_v refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o they_o and_o say_v the_o factor_n shall_v pay_v he_o the_o bill_n be_v tender_v with_o a_o scrivener_n according_a to_o their_o agreement_n but_o still_o be_v refuse_v the_o time_n of_o payment_n be_v expire_v the_o bay_a merchant_n do_v arrest_v the_o say_a factor_n the_o matter_n be_v try_v before_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n by_o a_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la in_o london_n by_o a_o party_n jury_n of_o english_a man_n and_o stranger_n the_o verdict_n be_v find_v for_o the_o bay_a merchant_n and_o the_o factor_n do_v pay_v the_o money_n and_o have_v no_o remedy_n against_o his_o master_n the_o reason_n be_v deliver_v by_o the_o judge_n that_o the_o common_a law_n in_o this_o case_n require_v a_o release_n or_o acquittance_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o bay_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o factor_n otherwise_o he_o be_v still_o bind_v by_o the_o law_n to_o answer_v for_o the_o say_a bay_n england_n to_o establish_v this_o custom_n in_o england_n this_o custom_n may_v with_o great_a facility_n nevertheless_o be_v establish_v in_o england_n and_o will_v be_v very_o beneficial_a to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n ingenerall_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n demand_v a_o seal_n and_o delivery_n of_o deed_n and_o that_o the_o bill_n cannon_n convenient_o be_v make_v payable_a to_o the_o bearer_n of_o it_o or_o be_v alter_v in_o another_o man_n name_n as_o abovesaid_a neither_o can_v it_o be_v recover_v by_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n which_o in_o england_n be_v always_o revocable_a before_o the_o fact_n nevertheless_o if_o there_o be_v a_o register_n keep_v of_o the_o pass_a and_o transfer_v of_o these_o bill_n from_o man_n to_o man_n and_o by_o a_o endorsement_n thereof_o also_o upon_o the_o bill_n it_o may_v be_v do_v with_o ease_n and_o the_o bearer_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v acknowledge_v thereby_o to_o be_v the_o lawful_a attorney_n in_o law_n and_o by_o these_o mean_v the_o undecent_a plea_n of_o non_fw-la est_fw-la factum_fw-la will_v be_v cut_v off_o and_o to_o prevent_v fraudulent_a deal_n if_o any_o bill_n shall_v be_v lose_v notice_n may_v be_v give_v instant_o to_o the_o register_n which_o at_o lixborne_n and_o rouen_n be_v call_v a_o prothonotary_n by_o mean_n whereof_o many_o questionable_a parcel_n or_o payment_n be_v make_v apparent_a rouen_n office_n of_o prothonotary_n at_o lixborne_n and_o rouen_n and_o the_o bill_n for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v remain_v in_o the_o office_n at_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o last_o assign_v or_o assign_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n also_o that_o most_o usual_o bill_n be_v make_v for_o all_o thing_n buy_v and_o sell_v between_o party_n and_o party_n whereby_o many_o payment_n be_v make_v by_o rescounter_n payment_n rescounter_v by_o bill_n for_o payment_n as_o if_o it_o be_v in_o bank_n hereafter_o to_o be_v declare_v for_o merchant_n do_v meet_v and_o in_o a_o manner_n jump_o together_o in_o their_o say_a payment_n and_o hereby_o also_o may_v the_o difficulty_n for_o the_o take_n of_o a_o acquittance_n as_o aforesaid_a be_v remove_v by_o enter_v a_o acknowledgement_n of_o satisfaction_n before_o the_o say_a register_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o transfer_v or_o register_n thereof_o i_o have_v take_v pain_n to_o have_v this_o to_o be_v establish_v here_o but_o hitherto_o thing_n be_v not_o right_o understand_v as_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v
the_o light_a because_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a rule_n that_o good_n be_v liable_a only_o to_o contribution_n when_o ship_n and_o good_n come_v safe_a to_o the_o port._n item_n contribution_n shall_v be_v for_o the_o pilot_n fee_n pilot_n contribution_n for_o pilot_n that_o have_v bring_v the_o ship_n into_o a_o unknown_a port_n for_o her_o safeguard_n as_o also_o to_o raise_v she_o off_o ground_n when_o the_o fault_n be_v not_o in_o the_o master_n so_o be_v it_o when_o two_o ship_n rush_v and_o cross_v one_o over_o another_o and_o the_o company_n swear_v that_o it_o lay_v not_o in_o their_o power_n to_o stay_v the_o same_o contribution_n must_v be_v make_v for_o the_o reparation_n of_o both_o their_o loss_n but_o not_o so_o if_o one_o of_o they_o perish_v for_o which_o a_o action_n may_v be_v bring_v against_o the_o negligent_a master_n or_o mariner_n who_o do_v make_v she_o loose_v and_o therefore_o if_o such_o a_o chance_n do_v happen_v in_o the_o day_n time_n by_o a_o ship_n under_o sail_n against_o a_o ship_n ride_v at_o anchor_n then_o the_o master_n of_o that_o sail_a ship_n shall_v make_v good_a the_o damage_n and_o hurt_v of_o the_o other_o to_o the_o uttermost_a and_o the_o like_a shall_v be_v do_v if_o in_o the_o night_n the_o ride_a ship_n do_v put_v forth_o fire_n and_o light_n or_o make_v any_o cry_v to_o forewarn_v the_o other_o it_o also_o appertain_v to_o this_o argument_n if_o some_o sort_n of_o good_n as_o salt_n or_o corn_n be_v lay_v on_o heap_n by_o diverse_a partner_n in_o one_o ship_n without_o distinction_n and_o that_o the_o master_n deliver_v to_o any_o of_o they_o their_o due_a measure_n and_o before_o the_o rest_n receive_v their_o measure_n the_o remain_a salt_n or_o corn_n wash_v or_o lose_v he_o that_o have_v the_o hap_n to_o be_v first_o serve_v enjoy_v it_o full_o without_o any_o contribution_n to_o the_o partner_n serve_v first_o come_v first_o serve_v because_o when_o these_o good_n be_v put_v into_o the_o ship_n it_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o master_n tanquam_fw-la in_o creditum_fw-la and_o so_o he_o be_v become_v owner_n as_o of_o money_n lend_v which_o man_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o redeliver_v in_o the_o self_n same_o piece_n but_o in_o value_n or_o such_o like_a coin_n except_o there_o be_v some_o condition_n pass_v to_o the_o contrary_n and_o albeit_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v impute_v unto_o the_o master_n as_o a_o fault_n yet_o if_o he_o that_o receive_v a_o loss_n thereby_o will_v bring_v in_o this_o as_o a_o aueridge_n and_o charge_v the_o assuror_n with_o contribution_n it_o be_v unjust_a for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o master_n must_v of_o necessity_n deliver_v to_o one_o man_n before_o another_o and_o therefore_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n we_o will_v set_v down_o the_o manner_n of_o execution_n for_o contribution_n otherwise_o call_v aueridge_n concern_v the_o danger_n and_o adventure_n of_o letter_n of_o mart_n mart._n letter_n of_o mart._n or_o contremart_n sive_fw-la ius_fw-la reprisaliarum_fw-la or_o letter_n of_o marque_n every_o one_o know_v that_o man_n have_v these_o commission_n or_o letter_n from_o their_o prince_n be_v very_o vigilant_a in_o all_o place_n to_o surprise_v merchant_n ship_n and_o good_n for_o in_o this_o one_o extremity_n do_v enforce_v another_o extremity_n when_o a_o man_n be_v oppress_v with_o robbery_n spoil_n and_o violence_n on_o the_o sea_n by_o man_n false_o profess_v friend_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o no_o petition_n intercession_n or_o travel_n can_v procure_v a_o man_n right_a but_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o one_o prince_n have_v open_a denial_n of_o justice_n or_o restitution_n of_o good_n can_v be_v have_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o subject_n of_o another_o prince_n nor_o of_o the_o prince_n himself_o who_o shall_v suppress_v injury_n and_o wrong_n then_o because_o such_o unjust_a deal_n do_v import_v just_a cause_n of_o hostility_n and_o warfare_n may_v these_o letter_n of_o mart_n be_v procure_v to_o the_o end_n man_n may_v have_v restitution_n or_o recompense_n of_o their_o loss_n especial_o because_o these_o proceed_n seem_v to_o denounce_v a_o war_n without_o any_o proclamation_n show_v unto_o other_o nation_n the_o like_a distasteful_a favour_n as_o they_o show_v unto_o we_o which_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v do_v by_o custom_n reason_n and_o also_o by_o statute_n law_n in_o scotland_n and_o afterward_o in_o england_n the_o assuror_n therefore_o can_v be_v favour_v herein_o prince_n detainment_n of_o prince_n the_o next_o be_v arrest_n restraint_n and_o detainement_n of_o king_n and_o prince_n and_o of_o all_o other_o person_n happen_v both_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n commit_v by_o the_o public_a authority_n of_o prince_n as_o also_o by_o private_a person_n both_o way_n dangerous_a ship_n privilege_a ship_n there_o be_v in_o all_o country_n privilege_a ship_n and_o boat_n serve_v the_o country_n or_o the_o prince_n which_o have_v great_a prerogative_n and_o be_v free_a of_o impost_n and_o custom_n and_o not_o subject_a to_o arrest_n therefore_o the_o assuror_n be_v not_o to_o care_v for_o they_o for_o they_o be_v to_o serve_v the_o prince_n and_o all_o ship_n be_v subject_a to_o this_o service_n upon_o command_n and_o if_o they_o refuse_v their_o ship_n be_v forfeit_v by_o the_o sea-lawe_n therefore_o in_o these_o case_n the_o favour_n of_o the_o admiral_n be_v always_o require_v it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a matter_n in_o spain_n and_o portugal_n to_o make_v a_o embargo_fw-mi upon_o all_o ship_n at_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o west-india_n fleet_n or_o the_o carracke_n for_o the_o east-indies_n and_o many_o time_n upon_o other_o occasion_n whereby_o merchant_n ship_n be_v lade_v be_v much_o hinder_v especial_o if_o it_o be_v with_o wine_n oil_n raisin_n and_o such_o like_a perishable_a ware_n now_o if_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o good_n shall_v think_v that_o his_o ware_n do_v perish_v lie_v two_o or_o three_o month_n lade_v or_o if_o it_o be_v corn_n that_o may_v become_v hot_a and_o spoil_v he_o may_v renounce_v these_o good_n or_o ware_n to_o the_o assuror_n and_o thereby_o bring_v a_o great_a loss_n upon_o they_o yet_o nevertheless_o he_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o abandon_v the_o good_n for_o by_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n it_o be_v always_o provide_v that_o in_o case_n of_o any_o misfortune_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o assurance_n a_o proviso_n in_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n his_o factor_n or_o assign_n or_o his_o servant_n or_o any_o of_o they_o to_o sue_v labour_n and_o travel_v for_o in_o and_o about_o the_o defence_n safeguard_n or_o recovery_n of_o the_o good_n and_o any_o part_n thereof_o and_o that_o the_o assuror_n shall_v contribute_v each_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n and_o quantity_n of_o the_o sum_n by_o he_o assure_v so_o that_o albeit_o that_o it_o do_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o good_n be_v not_o utter_o lose_v when_o the_o ship_n be_v cast_v away_o the_o assure_a must_v recover_v his_o whole_a money_n because_o he_o have_v authority_n by_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n to_o recover_v they_o or_o any_o part_n of_o they_o as_o aforesaid_a and_o he_o be_v afterward_o to_o yield_v a_o account_n thereof_o for_o so_o much_o as_o do_v concern_v every_o man_n ratable_o otherwise_o the_o assure_v shall_v be_v discourage_v if_o by_o those_o mean_n he_o shall_v make_v his_o assurance_n intricate_a and_o subject_a to_o all_o cavilation_n and_o to_o the_o interruption_n of_o so_o necessary_a and_o laudable_a a_o custom_n as_o the_o matter_n of_o assurance_n be_v therefore_o as_o in_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n we_o have_v a_o care_n for_o the_o assuror_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v deceive_v by_o those_o that_o cause_n assurance_n to_o be_v make_v so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n we_o will_v avoid_v to_o minister_v any_o occasion_n whereupon_o they_o may_v become_v quarrelsome_a but_o that_o all_o shall_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o commissioner_n determination_n who_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o least_o best_o able_a to_o examine_v the_o premise_n now_o concern_v the_o arrest_n of_o particular_a person_n ship_n arrest_n upon_o ship_n upon_o ship_n or_o good_n the_o assure_a can_v make_v no_o renunciation_n to_o charge_v the_o assuror_n with_o any_o loss_n either_o in_o the_o total_a or_o part_n because_o upon_o caution_n give_v to_o answer_v the_o law_n the_o ship_n or_o good_n arrest_v be_v instant_o clear_v in_o all_o place_n either_o here_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o the_o arrest_n be_v make_v wherein_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o all_o court_n for_o seafaring_a cause_n be_v very_o careful_a to_o see_v expedition_n use_v barratrie_fw-fr of_o the_o master_n and_o mariner_n can_v hardly_o be_v avoid_v master_n barratrie_fw-fr of_o the_o master_n but_o by_o a_o provident_a care_n to_o know_v they_o or_o at_o the_o least_o the_o master_n
within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v the_o king_n chamber_n after_o this_o follow_v the_o particular_a letter_n for_o the_o delivery_n of_o several_a country_n and_o town_n as_o caour_n carsin_n monstreull_a calais_n rochel_n turaine_n poitiers_n poitou_n xantes_n xantogne_n dagonois_n perigot_n and_o diverse_a other_o beside_o many_o letter_n concern_v the_o french_a king_n liberty_n and_o his_o hostage_n and_o of_o the_o homage_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o remain_v with_o the_o title_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o domayne_n beside_o many_o other_o memorable_a thing_n so_o that_o all_o matter_n concern_v the_o sea_n and_o land_n be_v establish_v for_o those_o sea_n and_o king_n eâ—ward_n take_v six_o penny_n a_o ton_n for_o fish_v ship_n king_n henry_n the_o five_o who_o do_v conquer_v all_o france_n and_o have_v the_o possession_n of_o mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la lose_v nothing_o of_o his_o right_n no_o more_o do_v henry_n the_o six_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o their_o proclamation_n treaty_n hollâ—ngshed_n chro_fw-la hollâ—ngshed_n and_o contract_v not_o only_o with_o the_o french_a but_o with_o the_o archduke_n of_o burgundy_n as_o by_o guicchardins_n chronicle_n treatise_n chr._n froiszart_n guiccâ—arâ—in_n and_o the_o say_a treatise_n or_o historical_a description_n of_o the_o low-countries_n appear_v and_o as_o doctor_n d_o you_o in_o his_o book_n of_o navigation_n affirm_v king_n henry_n the_o seven_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o fish_n trade_n proper_o belong_v unto_o england_n in_o his_o sea_n and_o dominion_n have_v resolve_v to_o settle_v a_o trade_n thereupon_o which_o he_o prefer_v above_o all_o voyage_n for_o in_o those_o day_n there_o be_v no_o fish_v trade_n establish_v in_o the_o low-countries_n antiquity_n by_o original_a antiquity_n and_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o one_o hundred_o year_n complete_a that_o one_o violet_n stephens_n and_o other_o discontent_a fishmonger_n depart_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o go_v into_o holland_n to_o the_o town_n of_o enckhusen_n where_o they_o procure_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o fish_n for_o they_o in_o his_o majesty_n of_o great_a britain_n sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n which_o inhabitant_n upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o say_v englishmen_n fishmonger_n take_v the_o whole_a trade_n to_o themselves_o disperse_v the_o same_o into_o many_o other_o town_n whereby_o the_o same_o be_v admirable_o increase_v queen_n marie_n be_v marry_v with_o king_n philip_n the_o second_o of_o spain_n under_o who_o all_o the_o seventeen_o low_a province_n be_v unite_v grant_v a_o lease_n unto_o the_o say_a king_n for_o the_o fish_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o ireland_n for_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n for_o a_o certain_a fine_a and_o pay_v one_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a into_o the_o treasury_n of_o ireland_n and_o edward_n fitton_n knight_n then_o treasurer_n and_o the_o company_n of_o the_o old_a haunce_n in_o primo_fw-la of_o the_o say_a queen_n marie_n have_v also_o liberty_n to_o sish_v within_o the_o say_a sea_n upon_o certain_a condition_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o for_o england_n northwards_o licence_n be_v give_v at_o scarborough_n castle_n to_o this_o distinction_n of_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n porteullis_n invention_n of_o the_o porteullis_n i_o call_v to_o memory_n the_o proceed_n of_o that_o victorious_a king_n henry_n the_o eight_o who_o during_o the_o time_n that_o calais_n be_v under_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n as_o it_o have_v be_v full_a 211_o year_n use_v the_o invention_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o portcullis_n signify_v the_o power_n of_o lock_v up_o of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n between_o dover_n and_o calais_n which_o be_v think_v convenient_a to_o be_v use_v upon_o the_o coin_n make_v for_o the_o east-indies_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o trade_n be_v piece_n of_o the_o value_n of_o eight_o royal_n of_o spain_n whereof_o there_o be_v coin_a in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n for_o a_o trial_n in_o januarie_n 1600_o some_o six_o thousand_o pound_n which_o can_v not_o be_v make_v currant_n there_o because_o the_o spanish_a piece_n of_o eight_o royal_n have_v be_v before_o that_o time_n counterfeit_v by_o other_o nation_n which_o make_v the_o east-indians_a to_o doubt_v of_o our_o coin_n although_o without_o cause_n this_o noble_a king_n henry_n have_v procure_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o to_o meet_v with_o the_o french_a king_n go_v over_o in_o person_n with_o a_o great_a power_n to_o besiege_v the_o town_n of_o boulogne_n in_o france_n and_o when_o he_o see_v that_o the_o emperor_n tent_n or_o pavilion_n be_v make_v with_o the_o two_o pillar_n of_o hercules_n and_o the_o inscription_n plus_fw-fr ultra_fw-la and_o likewise_o the_o french_a king_n tent_n with_o the_o three_o flower_n deluce_n and_o the_o title_n of_o primus_fw-la christianorum_fw-la rex_fw-la he_o cause_v a_o archer_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o his_o pavilion_n with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o his_o inscription_n be_v cui_fw-la adherio_fw-la praeest_fw-la declare_v thereby_o his_o present_a strength_n whereby_o he_o do_v qualify_v those_o war_n and_o peace_n be_v make_v between_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o say_v french_a king_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o state_n of_o a_o prince_n do_v as_o much_o consist_v by_o reputation_n as_o by_o strength_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n have_v also_o be_v mindful_a of_o his_o right_n of_o distinct_a dominion_n for_o the_o great_a blessing_n which_o almighty_a god_n have_v allot_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a under_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v so_o visible_a to_o all_o the_o world_n as_o that_o thereby_o they_o be_v ravish_v with_o admiration_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o earthly_a blessing_n be_v produce_v in_o seasonable_a time_n yet_o the_o blessing_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v direct_v and_o point_v at_o by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n at_o infallible_a season_n cause_v those_o watery_a creature_n to_o offer_v themselves_o for_o our_o sustenance_n and_o for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o all_o creature_n in_o place_n certain_a within_o his_o majesty_n sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n and_o not_o into_o the_o main_a where_o fish_v can_v be_v effect_v whereupon_o his_o majesty_n before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n do_v let_v the_o fish_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o hollander_n for_o fifteen_o year_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o more_o ancient_a treaty_n between_o they_o that_o the_o fish_n then_o agree_v upon_o shall_v be_v eighty_o mile_n from_o the_o coast_n to_o the_o end_n the_o scoles_n of_o herring_n shall_v not_o be_v interrupt_v his_o majesty_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n of_o great_a britain_n make_v a_o grant_v to_o one_o collyn_n of_o coventrie_n for_o twenty_o one_o year_n for_o the_o fish_n in_o some_o part_n of_o ireland_n fish_v grant_v make_v for_o fish_v and_o the_o like_a grant_n have_v be_v make_v for_o the_o isle_n of_o garnesey_n and_o jarnesey_n according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n law_n by_o the_o common_a law_n which_o in_o this_o point_n concern_v his_o majesty_n right_a of_o dominion_n be_v very_o copious_a the_o handle_n whereof_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a of_o the_o say_v law_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n say_a reign_n his_o highness_n cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v concern_v his_o dominion_n of_o fish_v which_o be_v compendious_a and_o substantial_a i_o think_v convenient_a here_o to_o be_v insert_v verbatim_o james_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defendor_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n to_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n to_o who_o it_o may_v appertain_v greeting_n although_o we_o do_v sufficient_o know_v by_o our_o experience_n in_o the_o office_n of_o regal_a dignity_n in_o which_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o almighty_a god_n we_o have_v be_v place_v and_o exercise_v these_o many_o year_n as_o also_o by_o observation_n which_o we_o have_v make_v of_o other_o christian_a prince_n exemplary_a action_n how_o far_o the_o absoluteness_n of_o our_o sovereign_a power_n extend_v itself_o and_o that_o in_o regard_n thereof_o we_o need_v not_o to_o yield_v account_n to_o any_o person_n under_o god_n for_o any_o action_n of_o we_o which_o be_v lawful_o ground_v upon_o that_o just_a prerogative_n yet_o such_o have_v ever_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v our_o care_n and_o desire_v to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o friend_n in_o any_o action_n which_o may_v have_v the_o least_o relation_n to_o their_o subject_n and_o estate_n as_o we_o have_v think_v good_a by_o way_n of_o friendly_a praemonition_n to_o declare_v unto_o they_o all_o and_o to_o whosoever_o it_o may_v appertain_v as_o follow_v whereas_o we_o
for_o merchant_n credit_n and_o reputation_n for_o that_o merchant_n which_o in_o the_o storm_n of_o adversity_n show_v to_o be_v a_o good_a pilot_n deserve_v great_a commendation_n of_o the_o care_n and_o endeavour_n which_o he_o use_v to_o prevent_v the_o shipwreck_n of_o his_o reputation_n and_o credit_n especial_o with_o a_o good_a conscience_n which_o will_v be_v unto_o he_o a_o continual_a feast_n although_o the_o sea_n be_v turbulent_a for_o he_o be_v arm_v with_o patience_n and_o not_o destitute_a of_o comfort_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a those_o that_o like_a coward_n become_v careless_a of_o their_o credit_n or_o be_v of_o a_o evil_a disposition_n seek_v to_o defraud_v their_o creditor_n and_o to_o enrich_v themselves_o by_o their_o break_n pay_v little_a or_o nothing_o they_o do_v not_o only_o deserve_v a_o name_n of_o defamation_n but_o aught_o to_o be_v meet_v withal_o by_o some_o severe_a punishment_n by_o the_o law_n bankrupt_n severepunishment_n of_o bankrupt_n it_o be_v not_o long_o since_o namely_o in_o the_o year_n 1602_o that_o there_o be_v a_o merchant_n at_o rouen_n in_o france_n who_o together_o with_o his_o son_n and_o a_o broker_n have_v confederated_a to_o buy_v great_a store_n of_o merchandise_n upon_o their_o credit_n of_o purpose_n to_o break_v and_o to_o enrich_v themselves_o which_o be_v know_v make_v they_o to_o be_v apprehend_v and_o the_o court_n of_o edict_n do_v proceed_v criminal_o against_o they_o as_o thief_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n whereof_o they_o be_v also_o convict_v and_o all_o three_o of_o they_o hang_v in_o the_o market_n place_n observe_v that_o the_o reprehensive_a proverb_n that_o veniam_fw-la coruos_fw-la vexat_fw-la censura_fw-la columbas_fw-la be_v to_o be_v remember_v to_o punish_v the_o small_a theft_n or_o little_a thief_n and_o to_o suffer_v the_o great_a thief_n to_o escape_v which_o be_v unreasonable_a bankrupt_n the_o statute_n against_o bankrupt_n the_o statute_n of_o bankrupt_n make_v and_o provide_v by_o our_o law_n against_o merchant_n and_o citizen_n only_o be_v do_v to_o a_o very_a good_a intent_n if_o it_o be_v execute_v according_o with_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o person_n and_o their_o behaviour_n but_o some_o can_v prevent_v the_o mean_n of_o sue_v forth_o the_o same_o and_o so_o break_v the_o strength_n of_o it_o as_o easy_o as_o a_o spider_n web_n while_o plain_o deal_v man_n be_v lay_v hold_v of_o that_o have_v a_o honest_a intention_n to_o pay_v every_o man_n according_a to_o their_o ability_n present_a or_o future_a as_o god_n shall_v enable_v they_o for_o ultra_fw-la posse_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la esse_fw-la but_o these_o well_o mean_v man_n be_v oftentimes_o hinder_v to_o perform_v their_o honest_a intention_n by_o the_o hard_a and_o obstinate_a deal_n of_o some_o of_o their_o creditor_n to_o the_o utter_a overthrow_n of_o they_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o the_o general_a loss_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o creditor_n these_o man_n therefore_o be_v to_o be_v overrule_v by_o the_o lord_n chaunceller_n who_o may_v compel_v they_o to_o be_v conformable_a with_o the_o other_o creditor_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n in_o other_o country_n and_o there_o have_v be_v in_o time_n past_a during_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n prisoner_n commission_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o prisoner_n a_o commission_n grant_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o distress_a prisoner_n in_o the_o prison_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o the_o king_n bench_n which_o commission_n if_o it_o be_v renew_v for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o one_o and_o find_v out_o of_o the_o other_o will_v work_v much_o charity_n and_o contentment_n to_o the_o subject_n howbeit_o to_o prevent_v these_o extreme_n be_v more_o commendable_a for_o many_o merchant_n and_o shopkeeper_n do_v flourish_v and_o become_v rich_a again_o if_o their_o creditor_n be_v favourable_a unto_o they_o and_o do_v pay_v every_o man_n to_o the_o full_a therefore_o be_v the_o letter_n of_o licenses_n devise_v among_o merchant_n debtor_n letter_n of_o licence_n give_v to_o debtor_n which_o be_v as_o a_o passport_n for_o the_o person_n and_o good_n of_o the_o debtor_n give_v by_o the_o creditor_n by_o way_n of_o covenant_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o for_o and_o during_o such_o a_o time_n or_o term_n of_o year_n trouble_v or_o molest_v the_o person_n and_o good_n of_o the_o say_a debtor_n nor_o cause_n to_o be_v molest_v arrest_v or_o trouble_v upon_o pain_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o say_a debt_n to_o be_v plead_v in_o bar_n against_o they_o for_o ever_o as_o a_o full_a payment_n of_o the_o same_o for_o the_o better_a encouragement_n and_o to_o retain_v man_n in_o their_o duty_n the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n concur_v with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n herein_o credit_n restauration_n of_o credit_n do_v make_v a_o restauration_n of_o credit_n to_o those_o that_o pay_v their_o debt_n to_o the_o full_a notwithstanding_o their_o loss_n which_o they_o have_v sustain_v and_o they_o may_v have_v a_o publication_n make_v of_o it_o by_o way_n of_o intimation_n to_o all_o man_n upon_o the_o exchange_n or_o other_o public_a place_n for_o a_o perpetual_a remembrance_n to_o posterity_n of_o their_o honest_a religious_a and_o commendable_a endeavour_n and_o behaviour_n to_o the_o honour_n and_o credit_n of_o their_o house_n kindred_n or_o good_a descent_n which_o be_v more_o especial_o regard_v in_o spain_n spain_n a_o gentleman_n privilege_n in_o spain_n where_o a_o merchant_n or_o citizen_n be_v decay_v in_o his_o estate_n and_o have_v pay_v according_a to_o his_o ability_n yea_o although_o he_o do_v not_o pay_v at_o all_o shall_v be_v free_v from_o all_o arrest_n and_o trouble_v touch_v his_o person_n if_o he_o make_v proof_n that_o he_o be_v a_o gentleman_n by_o birth_n which_o extend_v so_o far_o that_o all_o merchant_n stranger_n may_v have_v and_o enjoy_v the_o like_a privilege_n upon_o certificate_n make_v by_o any_o that_o be_v ambassador_n and_o agent_n for_o their_o country_n who_o common_o will_v do_v it_o upon_o the_o verification_n of_o it_o by_o the_o herald_n or_o otherwise_o which_o cause_v man_n not_o to_o degenerate_v in_o virtuous_a action_n although_o adverse_a fortune_n play_v her_o tragedy_n which_o they_o overcome_v with_o constancy_n and_o magnanimity_n the_o say_a statute_n against_o bankerupt_v be_v make_v upon_o very_o great_a consideration_n which_o lie_v not_o against_o a_o gentleman_n so_o that_o to_o call_v a_o decay_a gentleman_n a_o bankrupt_a although_o he_o have_v have_v deal_v in_o the_o world_n bear_v no_o action_n at_o the_o common_a law_n unless_o he_o be_v a_o merchant_n or_o shopkeeper_n etc._n etc._n bankerupt_v commissioner_n for_o the_o statute_n of_o bankerupt_v the_o commissioner_n appoint_v by_o the_o lord_n chanceller_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n to_o execute_v this_o commission_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o bankrupt_a 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see_v cause_n so_o that_o the_o say_a distribution_n shall_v be_v do_v to_o those_o only_o which_o have_v be_v admit_v within_o the_o say_a time_n according_a to_o their_o several_a principal_a sum_n due_a unto_o they_o without_o any_o interest_n for_o the_o forbearance_n since_o the_o speciality_n be_v due_a or_o any_o forfeiture_n howbeit_o charge_n in_o law_n expend_v for_o the_o debt_n shall_v be_v by_o they_o allow_v according_a to_o their_o discretion_n so_o likewise_o be_v it_o in_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n to_o admit_v any_o creditor_n to_o come_v in_o where_o the_o party_n be_v surety_n for_o another_o if_o that_o party_n be_v likewise_o decay_v for_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o interest_n money_n that_o two_o or_o three_o be_v bind_v together_o and_o the_o collateral_a bond_n which_o they_o give_v each_o to_o other_o to_o save_v harmless_a be_v to_o be_v consider_v both_o by_o the_o say_a commissioner_n and_o the_o creditor_n it_o be_v
inhabit_v in_o virginia_n where_o they_o shall_v have_v house_n and_o land_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o heir_n for_o ever_o and_o their_o work_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o they_o and_o they_o shall_v be_v due_o pay_v and_o that_o a_o certain_a number_n only_o shall_v have_v this_o privilege_n for_o certain_a year_n and_o none_o other_o to_o be_v admit_v albeit_o the_o number_n of_o people_n do_v increase_v whereby_o they_o may_v be_v sure_a of_o a_o certain_a beneficial_a live_n and_o no_o doubt_n they_o will_v adventure_v that_o little_a they_o have_v to_o enrich_v their_o mean_n and_o estate_n and_o persuade_v their_o wife_n and_o servant_n to_o go_v with_o they_o who_o may_v succeed_v they_o upon_o other_o good_a condition_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v do_v with_o tailor_n baker_n brewer_n and_o other_o handicraftsman_n and_o so_o conceave_a a_o commonwealth_n within_o themselves_o will_v resolve_v and_o encourage_v many_o that_o be_v of_o some_o mean_n to_o accompany_v other_o of_o small_a mean_n whereby_o the_o base_a mind_a will_v be_v bring_v to_o be_v also_o painful_a and_o industrious_a in_o time_n and_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o undertaker_n will_v be_v less_o and_o more_o commodious_a to_o provide_v the_o voyage_n with_o facility_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n by_o the_o hollander_n in_o the_o island_n of_o saint_n thomas_n under_o the_o line_n but_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o that_o climate_n do_v bring_v a_o disorder_n and_o the_o attempt_n be_v give_v over_o it_o be_v more_o like_a to_o be_v establish_v in_o other_o place_n for_o albeit_o the_o war_n in_o europe_n will_v diminish_v the_o people_n yet_o most_o country_n be_v populous_a politician_n although_o they_o be_v much_o mistake_v in_o the_o number_n of_o parish_n of_o several_a kingdom_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o person_n or_o inhabitant_n france_n contain_v by_o late_a estimation_n about_o 27400_o parish_n etc._n what_o 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of_o denmark_n be_v ten_o time_n more_o spacious_a now_o omit_v to_o speak_v of_o other_o country_n monarchy_n too_o populous_a be_v dangerous_a in_o monarchy_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o in_o all_o popular_a government_n be_v it_o a_o aristocracy_n or_o democracie_n the_o mean_n to_o make_v country_n populous_a be_v think_v reasonable_a which_o in_o monarchy_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v dangerous_a the_o concourse_n of_o people_n cause_v the_o great_a consumpsion_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o the_o revenue_n be_v great_a by_o imposition_n and_o it_o give_v life_n to_o traffic_v and_o commerce_n the_o plantation_n of_o ulster_n one_o of_o the_o four_o province_n of_o ireland_n be_v now_o very_o great_a and_o the_o mean_n to_o set_v the_o people_n on_o work_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o hand_n which_o may_v be_v do_v by_o a_o corporation_n of_o english_a and_o irish_a merchant_n there_o inhabit_v and_o english_a merchant_n in_o england_n to_o vent_v the_o superfluity_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o to_o increase_v the_o manufacture_n of_o many_o needful_a commodity_n to_o be_v make_v there_o the_o realm_n afford_v stuff_n and_o material_n thereunto_o plenteous_o and_o here_o i_o remember_v a_o good_a observation_n heretofore_o make_v touch_v the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n why_o the_o same_o be_v not_o bring_v unto_o perfect_a obedience_n to_o their_o sovereign_n these_o 400_o â—_z but_o under_o our_o most_o gracious_a king_n james_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o mistake_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o plantation_n of_o the_o first_o adventurer_n that_o be_v deceive_v in_o their_o choice_n of_o fit_a place_n for_o plantation_n to_o be_v consider_v of_o for_o they_o sit_v down_o and_o erect_v their_o castle_n and_o habitation_n in_o the_o plain_n and_o open_a country_n where_o they_o find_v most_o fruitful_a and_o profitable_a land_n &_o turn_v the_o irish_a into_o the_o wood_n and_o mountain_n which_o as_o they_o be_v proper_a place_n for_o outlaw_n and_o thief_n so_o be_v they_o their_o natural_a castle_n and_o fortification_n thither_o they_o drive_v their_o prey_n and_o stealth_n the_o lurk_v there_o &_o wait_v to_o do_v evil_a and_o mischief_n for_o these_o place_n they_o keep_v unknown_a by_o make_v the_o way_n and_o entry_n thereunto_o impassable_a there_o â—hey_n keep_v their_o cattle_n live_v by_o the_o milk_n of_o the_o cow_n without_o husbandry_n or_o tillage_n there_o they_o increase_v and_o multiply_v unto_o infinite_a number_n by_o promiscuous_a generation_n among_o themselves_o there_o they_o make_v their_o assembly_n and_o conspiracy_n without_o discovery_n but_o they_o discover_v the_o weakness_n of_o the_o english_a dwelling_n in_o the_o open_a plain_n and_o thereupon_o make_v their_o fally_n and_o retrait_n with_o great_a advantage_n whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o the_o english_a have_v build_v their_o castle_n and_o town_n in_o those_o place_n of_o fastnes_n &_o have_v drive_v the_o irish_a into_o the_o plain_n and_o open_a country_n where_o they_o may_v have_v have_v a_o eye_n and_o observation_n upon_o they_o the_o irish_a have_v be_v easy_o keep_v in_o order_n and_o in_o short_a time_n reclaim_v from_o their_o wildness_n and_o will_v have_v use_v tillage_n and_o by_o dwell_v together_o in_o towneship_n learn_v mechanical_a art_n and_o science_n this_o discourse_n may_v seem_v strange_a to_o the_o law_n of_o merchant_n but_o when_o merchant_n undertake_v plantation_n as_o we_o see_v they_o do_v no_o man_n will_v hold_v the_o same_o to_o be_v impertinent_a australis_fw-la the_o discovery_n of_o the_o southern_a country_n call_v terra_fw-la australis_fw-la and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o diverse_a mathematician_n heretofore_o have_v according_a to_o those_o discovery_n make_v their_o map_n and_o upon_o good_a probability_n affirm_v and_o set_v down_o terra_fw-la australis_fw-la incognita_fw-la whereof_o discovery_n have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n 1615_o by_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr quir_n a_o spanish_a captain_n let_v we_o consider_v that_o many_o other_o country_n may_v also_o be_v find_v out_o albeit_o this_o contain_v a_o five_o part_n of_o the_o world_n for_o as_o he_o say_v to_o philip_n the_o three_o late_a king_n of_o spain_n the_o length_n thereof_o be_v as_o great_a as_o all_o europe_n and_o asia_n the_o less_o unto_o the_o sea_n of_o bachu_n persia_n and_o all_o the_o isle_n as_o well_o of_o the_o ocean_n as_o of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n take_v england_n and_o island_n into_o this_o account_n seat_v within_o zona_fw-la torrida_fw-la and_o a_o great_a thereof_o reach_v unto_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n elevate_v unto_o they_o to_o 90_o degree_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o in_o some_o place_n a_o little_a less_o there_o they_o live_v without_o king_n or_o law_n and_o know_v no_o neighbourhood_n either_o of_o turk_n or_o moor_n and_o according_a to_o this_o manner_n of_o life_n although_o they_o want_v iron_n and_o gun_n they_o have_v not_o need_v of_o any_o thing_n but_o they_o abound_v with_o many_o excellent_a commodity_n whereof_o the_o spaniard_n will_v in_o time_n make_v use_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v more_o assure_v of_o gold_n there_o to_o be_v find_v as_o in_o part_n they_o be_v of_o silver_n and_o pearl_n for_o these_o be_v the_o three_o most_o precious_a darling_n that_o lie_v and_o be_v cherrish_v in_o the_o bosom_n of_o nature_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o spice_n and_o drug_n whereof_o they_o abound_v with_o many_o other_o commodity_n by_o the_o say_a captain_n declare_v and_o here_o we_o may_v not_o omit_v to_o remember_v that_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o discover_v country_n and_o leave_v they_o without_o plantation_n or_o at_o the_o least_o neglect_v the_o use_n of_o they_o if_o merchant_n do_v give_v over_o their_o enterprise_n but_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o prince_n to_o see_v plantation_n make_v plantation_n true_a cause_n to_o make_v plantation_n for_o two_o main_a reason_n
upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o say_v englishmen_n take_v the_o whole_a trade_n to_o themselves_o which_o afterward_o have_v be_v disperse_v into_o many_o other_o town_n whereby_o the_o trade_n be_v so_o increase_v that_o holland_n and_o zealand_n have_v above_o 2000_o buss_n or_o fish_v ship_n which_o do_v make_v ordinary_o two_o or_o three_o voyage_n yearly_a albeit_o their_o country_n be_v remote_a from_o our_o sea_n and_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n have_v the_o fish_n as_o it_o be_v at_o their_o door_n and_o such_o be_v the_o blessing_n of_o almighty_a god_n that_o above_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o last_n of_o fish_n be_v take_v yearly_a in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n only_o ommit_v the_o quantity_n of_o fish_n take_v in_o denmark_n sea_n russia_n newfoundland_n spain_n italy_n and_o other_o dominion_n and_o here_o i_o be_o to_o make_v a_o little_a abridgement_n of_o the_o collection_n of_o one_o tobias_n gentleman_n a_o fisherman_n who_o make_v a_o treatise_n touch_v the_o same_o entitle_v england_n way_n to_o win_v wealth_n and_o to_o employ_v ship_n and_o mariner_n profitable_a that_o fish_v be_v lawful_a â—easible_a and_o profitable_a prove_v first_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o it_o by_o his_o majesty_n subject_n of_o great_a britain_n second_o how_o feasible_a it_o be_v for_o they_o by_o the_o exemplary_a action_n of_o other_o nation_n that_o have_v nothing_o grow_v in_o their_o own_o land_n for_o that_o use_n but_o be_v constrain_v to_o fetch_v all_o out_o of_o other_o country_n last_o that_o the_o trade_n of_o fish_v be_v profitable_a by_o the_o success_n see_v with_o the_o hollander_n be_v rich_a and_o opulent_a notwithstanding_o their_o long_a war_n and_o which_o themselves_o do_v call_v to_o be_v their_o chief_a trade_n and_o principal_a gold-mine_n whereby_o many_o thousand_o of_o their_o people_n of_o trade_n and_o occupation_n be_v set_v on_o work_n maintain_v and_o do_v prosper_v province_n proclamation_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o their_o proclamation_n annex_v to_o the_o say_a treatise_n hereupon_o he_o show_v that_o about_o mid-may_a they_o make_v ready_a their_o buss_n and_o fisher-fleete_n and_o by_o the_o first_o of_o june_n their_o style_n they_o be_v see_v to_o sail_v out_o of_o the_o maze_n texell_n and_o the_o v_o a_o thousand_o sail_n together_o for_o to_o catch_v herring_n in_o the_o north_n sea_n be_v most_o of_o they_o ship_n of_o 120_o or_o 100_o ton_n and_o the_o other_o 60_o ton_n or_o thereabouts_o have_v in_o they_o 24_o man_n and_o some_o 16_o and_o 20_o in_o every_o ship_n &_o they_o continue_v their_o course_n northwest_o and_o by_o north_n until_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o isle_n of_o shotland_n isle_n the_o situation_n of_o shotland_n isle_n which_o be_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o great_a island_n of_o the_o orcades_n &_o lie_v in_o the_o height_n of_o 60_o degree_n of_o northerly_a latitude_n and_o by_o the_o 14_o day_n of_o june_n which_o be_v by_o their_o law_n a_o time_n limit_v to_o lay_v their_o net_n they_o begin_v to_o fish_n &_o do_v never_o leave_v the_o skoale_n of_o herring_n but_o come_v along_o among_o they_o follow_v 500_o mile_n in_o length_n lade_v their_o ship_n twice_o or_o thrice_o before_o they_o come_v to_o yarmouth_n send_v they_o away_o by_o the_o merchant_n ship_n that_o send_v they_o victual_n barrel_n and_o more_o salt_n and_o net_n if_o they_o need_v any_o which_o ship_n be_v call_v yager_n that_o be_v to_o say_v hunter_n or_o doggerbote_n and_o these_o ship_n docarry_v they_o and_o sell_v they_o in_o the_o east_n country_n some_o to_o riga_n and_o revel_v some_o to_o the_o narue_v russia_n herring_n place_n to_o sell_v herring_n stockholme_n and_o all_o poland_n prussia_n pomerland_n lituania_n statin_n lubek_n and_o denmark_n return_v hemp_n flax_n cordage_n cable_n iron_n corn_n soapash_n wax_n wainscot_n clapboord_n pitch_n tar_n deal_v hoop_n and_o other_o commodity_n with_o plenty_n of_o money_n and_o for_o france_n they_o send_v for_o bordeaux_n rochel_n nantes_n morliaix_n and_o san_n mallous_a cane_n in_o normandy_n rouen_n paris_n amiens_n and_o all_o picardy_n and_o calais_n with_o the_o low-countries_n of_o the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n reconcile_v with_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n return_v other_o commodity_n and_o money_n for_o the_o provenue_n of_o their_o fish_n for_o by_o their_o law_n all_o those_o herring_n that_o they_o do_v catch_v in_o yarnmouth_n sea_n from_o bartholomew_n tide_n until_o saint_n andrew_n which_o be_v rope-sicke_a they_o may_v not_o bring_v home_o into_o holland_n and_o these_o they_o sell_v unto_o yarnmouth_n man_n for_o ready_a money_n their_o fish_n for_o cod_n and_o ling_n continual_o be_v do_v with_o small_a ship_n of_o 40_o tun_n burden_n call_v pink_n and_o welboat_n and_o all_o this_o be_v do_v with_o so_o good_a order_n and_o provision_n trade_n good_a order_n in_o the_o fish_n trade_n that_o by_o night_n and_o day_n all_o be_v supply_v and_o fish_n take_v off_o instant_o and_o of_o my_o own_o knowledge_n they_o be_v so_o constant_a in_o their_o fish_n that_o they_o be_v content_v to_o have_v one_o good_a year_n for_o fish_v in_o seven_o year_n all_o fisherman_n be_v provide_v for_o and_o their_o wife_n at_o home_n can_v want_v for_o in_o their_o care_n they_o may_v be_v compare_v to_o joseph_n in_o egypt_n provide_v for_o the_o time_n of_o famine_n they_o have_v beside_o all_o this_o continual_o in_o the_o season_n another_o fleet_n of_o fisherman_n call_v flyboat_n which_o be_v in_o number_n some_o two_o hundred_o or_o more_o and_o these_o be_v at_o the_o north-east_n of_o shotland_n have_v small_a boat_n with_o they_o call_v cobles_n and_o by_o mean_n of_o they_o ling_n be_v take_v in_o great_a abundance_n which_o they_o do_v not_o barrel_n but_o splet_n and_o salt_n they_o in_o the_o ship_n bulk_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o fresh_a fish_n and_o other_o pretty_a observation_n of_o the_o say_v tobias_n gentleman_n let_v we_o note_v the_o commodious_a fisher-towne_n of_o england_n as_o colchester_n harwich_n orford_n alborough_n donwich_n england_n commodious_a town_n for_o fish_v in_o england_n walderswike_n sell_v yarnmouth_n blackney_n well_n linne_n boston_n and_o hull_v by_o he_o name_v whereunto_o i_o may_v add_v scarborough_n hartlepole_n whitby_n marske_n stockton_n gysborough_n newcastle_n and_o other_o place_n in_o the_o north._n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v much_o admire_v that_o this_o trade_n have_v be_v so_o long_o neglect_v howbeit_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o will_v hinder_v much_o to_o the_o trade_n of_o cloth_n if_o fish_v be_v entertain_v especial_o in_o the_o return_n of_o our_o commodity_n and_o that_o the_o privilege_n grant_v to_o diverse_a society_n as_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n east-land_n trade_n the_o first_o objection_n to_o the_o fish_n trade_n and_o 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a_o man_n for_o every_o month_n beside_o the_o ship_n freight_v and_o man_n wage_n which_o may_v be_v agree_v upon_o diverse_o and_o common_o the_o company_n be_v permit_v to_o have_v one_o three_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n one_o three_o and_o the_o merchant_n or_o merchandise_n one_o three_o all_o other_o incident_a charge_n to_o be_v bear_v according_o between_o they_o whereof_o indenture_n of_o covenant_n be_v make_v have_v reserve_v to_o entreat_v of_o this_o important_a business_n of_o fish_v in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o first_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la concern_v commodity_n which_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o body_n of_o traffic_n together_o with_o the_o sea-lawe_n observe_v therein_o with_o all_o other_o custom_n of_o commerce_n let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o second_o part_n touch_v money_n be_v the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n which_o in_o time_n past_a be_v note_v to_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o fish_n trade_n now_o so_o much_o neglect_v appertain_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n as_o have_v be_v show_v even_o by_o original_a antiquity_n the_o correspondence_n and_o long_a intercourse_n between_o the_o society_n of_o goldsmith_n and_o fishmonger_n allude_v hereunto_o for_o saint_n dunstane_n the_o bishop_n dunstone_n the_o allusion_n of_o saint_n dunstone_n term_v to_o be_v the_o patron_n of_o the_o company_n of_o goldsmith_n have_v no_o other_o elixir_n or_o philosopher_n stone_n than_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o fish_v be_v obtain_v whereby_o the_o kingdom_n plate_n and_o bullion_n be_v procure_v for_o the_o advancement_n of_o which_o fish_v trade_n he_o do_v advise_v that_o three_o fish_v day_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v every_o week_n which_o cause_v also_o more_o abstinence_n and_o hence_o the_o proverb_n come_v that_o saint_n dunstane_n take_v the_o devil_n by_o the_o nose_n with_o his_o pincher_n which_o custom_n if_o it_o be_v better_o observe_v with_o we_o will_v prove_v very_o beneficial_a to_o the_o state_n and_o commonwealth_n *_o âŽ_o *_o the_o second_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o ancient_a law-merchant_n concern_v money_n compare_v to_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n we_o have_v already_o compare_v the_o three_o simple_n or_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n unto_o the_o body_n soul_n and_o spirit_n and_o in_o our_o first_o pâ—rt_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la treat_v of_o commodity_n as_o the_o body_n of_o traffic_n with_o the_o dependence_n thereupon_o as_o be_v proper_o the_o cause_n of_o commerce_n with_o their_o effect_n adjunct_n and_o accident_n which_o method_n we_o be_v now_o also_o to_o observe_v in_o this_o second_o part_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n concern_v money_n compare_v to_o the_o soul_n which_o infuse_v life_n unto_o traffic_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n prevent_v advantage_n between_o buyer_n and_o seller_n and_o because_o money_n be_v make_v of_o metal_n whereof_o we_o have_v not_o speak_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o commodity_n whereby_o commerce_n be_v maintain_v here_o we_o be_v to_o begin_v with_o the_o very_a original_n of_o metal_n and_o mine_n as_o a_o matter_n worthy_a the_o knowledge_n of_o merchant_n and_o other_o first_o we_o find_v that_o when_o commodity_n begin_v much_o to_o abound_v in_o the_o world_n all_o manner_n of_o mettle_n as_o gold_n silver_n copper_n tin_n lead_v and_o iron_n grow_v into_o great_a estimation_n as_o be_v fit_a and_o more_o durable_a for_o preservation_n and_o so_o the_o pure_a and_o fine_a mettle_n most_o esteem_v at_o which_o time_n the_o riches_n of_o man_n be_v notwithstanding_o describe_v to_o consist_v of_o cattle_n commodity_n and_o other_o movable_n pecuâ—aâ—ia_fw-la pecuâ—ia_n non_fw-la pecuâ—aâ—ia_fw-la and_o there_o be_v a_o commutation_n of_o commodity_n as_o have_v be_v declare_v which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o cumbersome_a 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the_o price_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o coin_n by_o his_o authority_n make_v stamp_a and_o value_v fundamentum_fw-la pecus_fw-la fuit_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la fundamentum_fw-la pecunia_n be_v derive_v a_o pecude_fw-la of_o cattle_n as_o of_o sheep_n and_o ox_n the_o figure_n whereof_o be_v coin_a thereupon_o nummus_fw-la a_o numerando_fw-la vel_fw-la nomine_fw-la of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o prince_n stamp_v upon_o it_o and_o also_o so_o call_v carolus_n guildren_n or_o floren_n so_o a_o ducat_n of_o ducatus_fw-la the_o name_n of_o a_o duke_n and_o in_o time_n past_o be_v call_v stipendium_fw-la be_v a_o stipe_z &_o pendo_fw-la before_o the_o same_o be_v coin_a with_o a_o stamp_n but_o make_v and_o weigh_v be_v silver_n as_o the_o cycle_n of_o the_o hebrew_n the_o roman_n in_o time_n past_o use_v copper_n money_n call_v their_o exchequer_n aerarium_fw-la so_o in_o germany_n it_o be_v call_v argentarium_n of_o the_o silver_n and_o be_v keep_v at_o strasbourgh_n that_o city_n be_v call_v argentina_n the_o first_o silver_n money_n coin_a be_v the_o 484_o year_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o coin_n of_o gold_n be_v sixty_o and_o two_o year_n after_o that_o since_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n until_o the_o year_n of_o 1622_o be_v 2373_o year_n valuation_n sterling_a standard_n alter_v in_o the_o valuation_n the_o sterling_a standard_n of_o the_o money_n of_o england_n be_v first_o coin_a at_o a_o place_n so_o call_v by_o osbright_n a_o saxon_a king_n of_o england_n above_o seuâ—n_n hundred_o year_n since_o at_o which_o time_n a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v divide_v into_o twenty_o piece_n and_o so_o esteem_v twenty_o penny_n as_o who_o shall_v say_v so_o many_o piece_n which_o so_o continue_v by_o denomination_n until_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o his_o time_n who_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o inhance_a of_o money_n in_o foreign_a part_n value_v the_o same_o at_o thirty_o penny_n but_o there_o be_v more_o piece_n make_v out_o of_o the_o say_a ounce_n and_o the_o former_a piece_n go_v for_o three_o half_a penny_n until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o and_o then_o they_o be_v currant_n for_o two_o penny_n and_o the_o say_a king_n do_v value_v the_o say_a ounce_n at_o forty_o penny_n until_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o do_v value_v the_o ounce_n of_o sterling_a silver_n at_o forty_o and_o five_o penny_n and_o so_o continue_v until_o king_n edward_n the_o six_o and_o until_o queen_n elizabeth_n her_o time_n and_o then_o the_o very_a same_o piece_n or_o the_o same_o penny_n be_v value_v at_o three_o penny_n and_o so_o do_v all_o three_o pence_n coin_a by_o the_o say_a queen_n weigh_v but_o a_o penny_n weight_n and_o the_o six_o penny_n two_o penny_n weight_n and_o according_o the_o shilling_n and_o other_o piece_n which_o make_v the_o ounce_n to_o be_v value_v at_o sixty_o penny_n or_o five_o shilling_n whereof_o twelve_o ounce_n make_v the_o pound_n troy_n weight_n weight_n the_o pound_n troy_n divide_v by_o weight_n which_o remain_v divide_v nevertheless_o in_o twenty_o penny_n weight_n for_o the_o say_a ounce_n be_v still_o the_o same_o in_o weight_n do_v retain_v the_o same_o name_n and_o four_o and_o twenty_o grain_n also_o for_o every_o penny_n weight_n and_o according_a to_o the_o say_a pound_n weight_n be_v the_o finesse_n of_o silver_n also_o divide_v for_o if_o it_o be_v all_o pure_a silver_n without_o any_o copper_n call_v allay_v it_o be_v just_o call_v twelve_o ounce_n fine_a because_o that_o pound_n weigh_v twelve_o ounce_n and_o have_v no_o mixture_n in_o it_o finesse_n the_o pound_n of_o silver_n divide_v in_o finesse_n and_o so_o every_o ounce_n be_v consequent_o twenty_o penny_n weight_n in_o finesse_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n be_v twenty_o and_o four_o grain_n in_o finesse_n the_o finesse_n of_o gold_n be_v twenty_o and_o four_o carrat_n gold_n finesse_n of_o gold_n and_o every_o carrot_fw-la be_v four_a grain_n in_o finesse_n and_o be_v
1500_o mark_n of_o gold_n of_o eight_o ounce_n 1500_o mark_n of_o pearl_n 1_o chest_n emerald_n from_o mexico_n for_o the_o king_n 1900_o thousand_o pesos_n of_o silver_n 1100_o mark_n of_o gold_n for_o particular_a person_n 2_o million_o in_o silver_n 64_o thousand_o hide_n 25_o thousand_o will_v indigo_n from_o santo_n domingo_n island_n 35_o thousand_o hide_n 900_o chest_n sugar_n of_o 1000_o will_v weight_n 22_o thousand_o kintal_n of_o ginger_n 13_o thousand_o kintal_n of_o logwood_n 50_o kintal_n of_o salsaparilla_n 48_o kintal_n of_o caniafistula_n 64_o rove_n of_o cottonwooll_n all_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v value_v at_o thirteen_o million_o and_o all_o the_o commodity_n at_o three_o million_o whereof_o the_o king_n have_v twelve_o million_o and_o one_o half_a de_fw-fr claro_fw-la wherewith_o we_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n of_o the_o mine_n royal_a and_o be_v move_v to_o write_v also_o of_o other_o mine_n and_o mineral_n contrary_a to_o our_o first_o intention_n but_o brief_o as_o follow_v *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n iii_o of_o mine_n and_o mineral_n the_o next_o in_o order_n to_o be_v treat_v of_o be_v tin_n mine_n which_o be_v but_o few_o in_o number_n in_o all_o country_n mine_n tin_n mine_n and_o in_o germany_n only_o find_v somewhat_o plentiful_a but_o the_o tin_n be_v blackish_a and_o corrupt_a so_o that_o our_o english_a tin_n in_o devonshire_n and_o cornwall_n be_v the_o only_a tin_n of_o all_o the_o world_n which_o contain_v four_o ounce_n of_o gold_n in_o a_o thousand_o whereof_o there_o be_v some_o twelve_o hundred_o thousand_o make_v yearly_a it_o have_v be_v sell_v for_o many_o year_n at_o a_o under_o value_n but_o his_o majesty_n have_v by_o way_n of_o praeemption_n advance_v the_o price_n thereof_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o cornwall_n and_o consequent_o unto_o the_o noble_a prince_n of_o wales_n charles_n son_n and_o heir_n apparent_a to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james._n this_o praeemption_n be_v let_v to_o farm_n to_o certain_a merchant_n and_o the_o government_n of_o the_o stanery_n with_o all_o the_o good_a order_n observe_v therein_o and_o the_o coinage_n of_o tin_n to_o demonstrate_v the_o goodness_n be_v profitable_a to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o deserve_v great_a commendation_n as_o be_v already_o note_v mines_n lead_v mines_n lead_v mine_n be_v find_v in_o all_o cold_a country_n especial_o in_o germany_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brownâ—wike_n but_o it_o be_v black_a of_o colour_n and_o until_o it_o be_v refine_v it_o be_v unseruiceable_a and_o consequent_o not_o vendible_a the_o old_a duke_n have_v almost_o make_v a_o wall_n aboâ—t_v the_o city_n of_o the_o sow_n and_o pig_n of_o lead_n until_o our_o lead_n become_v dear_a and_o scant_o and_o that_o a_o antuerpian_a do_v teach_v they_o how_o to_o refine_v their_o lead_n in_o take_v away_o the_o cobble_v which_o be_v like_a unto_o a_o knot_n in_o a_o piece_n of_o timber_n which_o make_v the_o lead_v brittle_a and_o by_o his_o mean_n all_o the_o duke_n lead_v be_v sell_v in_o italy_n spain_n and_o other_o place_n in_o france_n and_o elsewhere_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n have_v many_o lead_v mine_n contain_v also_o silver_n the_o lead_v mine_n of_o england_n be_v situate_v in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o most_o in_o darbishire_n in_o the_o hill_n of_o peake_n somersetshire_n and_o wales_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o the_o ore_n as_o have_v be_v note_v there_o be_v also_o many_o lead_v mine_n in_o richmondshire_n under_o the_o county_n of_o york_n where_o i_o go_v to_o view_v they_o anno_fw-la 1606_o about_o arkendale_n and_o the_o new_a forest_n have_v prepare_v a_o long_a iron_n boar_n of_o eighteen_o foot_n long_o for_o that_o purpose_n yorkshire_n description_n of_o many_o lead_v mine_n in_o yorkshire_n and_o there_o i_o do_v observe_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o ten_o mile_n that_o the_o situation_n of_o arkendale_n iâ—_n betwixt_o two_o hill_n the_o one_o lie_v north_n call_v windike_n and_o the_o other_o south-west_n call_v moldersey_n adjoin_v unto_o another_o hill_n call_v pouncy_n lie_v west_n from_o moldersey_n all_o belong_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o by_o lease_n unto_o sir_n john_n maillorie_n knight_n there_o be_v also_o adjoin_v unto_o it_o certain_a other_o hill_n where_o lead_v mine_n be_v as_o swailedale_n where_o my_o lord_n wharton_n have_v his_o work_n also_o readhurst_n cocka_fw-mi and_o fellind_a be_v east_n from_o wyndecke_n the_o mine_n of_o arkendale_n have_v never_o be_v wrought_v to_o any_o purpose_n there_o be_v but_o three_o smelting_a cottage_n which_o do_v feed_v upon_o the_o poor_a people_n and_o inhabitant_n thereabouts_o which_o at_o their_o leisure_n seek_v for_o lead_v over_o upon_o sufferance_n and_o bring_v the_o same_o to_o the_o melt_a place_n where_o they_o fall_v the_o same_o for_o 20_o or_o 24_o ss_z the_o load_n give_v to_o the_o owner_n three_o or_o four_o part_n in_o ten_o as_o they_o can_v agree_v and_o one_o ten_o to_o the_o parson_n or_o vicar_n of_o the_o parish_n or_o chapel_n a_o load_n of_o ore_n with_o they_o be_v as_o much_o as_o four_o or_o five_o horse_n can_v convenient_o carry_v which_o by_o computation_n be_v some_o ten_o hundred_o weight_n and_o be_v also_o deliver_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v load_n four_o of_o these_o load_v will_v make_v a_o father_n of_o lead_n of_o twenty_o hundred_o their_o weight_n be_v 120_o will_v to_o the_o hundred_o london_n weight_n so_o one_o hundred_o of_o lead_n over_o make_v but_o 30_o will_v of_o lead_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v for_o that_o their_o manner_n of_o melt_v be_v by_o foot-blast_n and_o small_a furnace_n with_o wood_n and_o charcoal_n melt_a foolish_a manner_n of_o melt_a cast_v the_o ore_n of_o lead_n between_o they_o in_o small_a piece_n and_o so_o still_o augment_v their_o melt_a which_o can_v yield_v but_o little_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v choke_v with_o the_o fuel_n and_o dross_n of_o the_o lead_n whereas_o flame_n be_v the_o great_a means_n of_o melt_v of_o all_o mettaline_a oar_n which_o require_v furnace_n to_o be_v make_v according_o where_o thirty_o six_o or_o forty_o hundred_v may_v be_v melt_v together_o they_o melt_v three_o or_o four_o hundred_o there_o be_v no_o wood_n to_o be_v have_v but_o within_o two_o mile_n but_o sea_n coal_n and_o good_a peat_n be_v near_a hand_n which_o may_v serve_v better_a cheap_a for_o they_o reckon_v 7_o or_o 8_o ss_z for_o the_o charge_n of_o a_o father_n for_o the_o melt_a the_o lead_n be_v cast_v into_o small_a pig_n of_o somewhat_o more_o than_o one_o hundred_o weight_n be_v bring_v on_o horseback_n through_o richmond_n to_o burroughbridge_n be_v about_o thirty_o mile_n distant_a and_o be_v convey_v by_o water_n to_o york_n for_o 2_o ss_z the_o hundred_o and_o from_o york_n to_o hull_n for_o other_o two_o shilling_n so_o that_o a_o father_n of_o lead_n with_o all_o charge_n will_v not_o stand_v in_o three_o pound_n and_o there_o be_v a_o near_a way_n by_o stockton_n on_o the_o seaside_n about_o twenty_o and_o five_o mile_n which_o will_v lessen_v the_o say_a charge_n now_o we_o be_v come_v to_o iron_n mine_n mine_n iron_n mine_n whereof_o almost_o all_o country_n in_o europe_n be_v provide_v which_o do_v much_o differ_v in_o goodness_n yet_o may_v be_v use_v according_a to_o the_o several_a work_n whereunto_o it_o be_v employ_v as_o the_o spanish_a iron_n serve_v for_o blade_n &_o not_o so_o good_a for_o other_o thing_n england_n have_v great_a store_n of_o iron_n mine_n for_o by_o computation_n there_o be_v above_o eight_o hundred_o furnace_n the_o melt_a of_o it_o by_o flame_a sea_n coal_n or_o scots_a coal_n save_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o charge_n there_o be_v late_o find_v more_o iron_n mine_n in_o france_n which_o iron_n be_v make_v into_o bar_n be_v transport_v into_o guinea_n binea_n and_o other_o part_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o it_o have_v continual_o be_v in_o great_a estimation_n and_o now_o become_v so_o abundant_a that_o their_o profit_n be_v but_o small_a of_o those_o voyage_n and_o so_o it_o fall_v out_o at_o this_o present_a for_o the_o price_n of_o lead_n the_o iron_n stone_n in_o wales_n be_v find_v to_o differ_v from_o the_o steel_n stone_n by_o mean_n whereof_o a_o german_a make_v good_a steel_n in_o bar_n stone_n steel_n stone_n and_o also_o gad_n steel_n but_o the_o patent_n of_o sir_n baesell_n brooke_n for_o the_o make_n of_o steel_n do_v hinder_v the_o proceed_n therein_o and_o germane_a steel_n be_v best_a until_o of_o late_a that_o a_o frenchman_n show_v the_o imperfection_n of_o ordinary_a steel_n cause_v his_o majesty_n to_o make_v void_a the_o say_a patent_n and_o to_o grant_v another_o for_o the_o make_n of_o perfect_a steel_n surpass_v in_o goodness_n the_o steel_n of_o all_o country_n so_o we_o find_v
according_o the_o double_a guilder_n of_o albertus_n ten_o ounce_n 15_o penny_n weight_n and_o 14_o â…—_n piece_n the_o single_a guilder_n the_o half_a and_o quarter_n of_o the_o same_o fineness_n and_o piece_n according_o the_o piece_n of_o four_o two_o and_o one_o stiver_n since_o 1590._o the_o piece_n of_o eight_o rial_n of_o spain_n of_o eleven_o ounce_n four_o penny_n weight_n and_o 13_o ½_n piece_n the_o say_v piece_n make_v at_o mexico_n in_o the_o indies_n eleven_o ounce_n fine_a and_z 13_o â…”_n piece_n the_o lion_n doller_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n of_o nine_o ounce_n fine_a and_o thirteen_o piece_n the_o silver_n ryder_n of_o guilder_n and_o friesland_n correspondent_a with_o the_o state_n doller_n of_o nine_o ounce_n the_o dollar_n of_o gelder_n and_n vtrecht_n ten_o ounce_n ten_o and_o twelve_o penny_n fine_a and_o thirteen_o piece_n the_o great_a silver_n royal_a of_o the_o state_n correspondent_a with_o the_o philip_n doller_n the_o 1_o 20_o part_n of_o the_o say_v great_a royal_a with_o the_o arrow_n according_o the_o doller_n of_o zealand_n with_o the_o eagle_n of_o nine_o ounce_n fine_a and_z 13_o ½_n piece_n the_o edward_n doller_n of_o england_n of_o eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_z 11_o ¾_n piece_n the_o doller_n of_o scotland_n with_o the_o cross_a dagger_n eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_z 11_o ¾_n piece_n the_o mark_n of_o scotland_n eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a and_o 54_o piece_n the_o doller_n of_o friesland_n coin_a 1601_o of_o nine_o ounce_n fine_a and_z 13_o ½_n piece_n coin_n make_v of_o mere_a copper_n the_o ortgen_n whereof_o four_o make_v one_o stiver_n and_o two_o the_o half_a stiver_n the_o duyt_n also_o four_o make_v one_o stiver_n the_o negenmannekens_n the_o eight_o make_v a_o stiver_n and_o four_o the_o half_a stiver_n the_o three_o mite_n whereof_o eight_o piece_n to_o the_o stiver_n be_v 24_o mite_n the_o sixteen_o penny_n hollandt_v make_v one_o stiver_n and_o eight_o the_o half_a stiver_n for_o other_o copper_n money_n read_v the_o five_o precedent_n chapter_n of_o money_n standard_n error_n of_o trial_n piece_n for_o the_o standard_n so_o i_o do_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o a_o error_n commit_v in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o standard_n trial_o piece_n use_v in_o most_o kingdom_n and_o state_n to_o charge_v the_o mint-master_n to_o make_v the_o money_n by_o wherein_o they_o do_v not_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o arithmetic_n by_o observe_v true_a weight_n and_o fineness_n for_o if_o it_o be_v appoint_v to_o make_v a_o standard_n piece_n of_o ten_o ounce_n fine_a they_o will_v take_v certain_a ounce_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o copper_n proportionable_a thereunto_o and_o melt_v they_o together_o and_o be_v make_v into_o a_o plate_n of_o silver_n divide_v the_o same_o into_o three_o equal_a part_n to_o be_v deliver_v one_o to_o the_o king_n another_z to_o the_o warden_n and_o the_o three_o to_o the_o mintmaster_n and_o hereof_o be_v assay_n make_v both_o of_o this_o piece_n and_o the_o money_n and_o so_o compare_v together_o as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v take_v eleven_o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n of_o copper_n both_o in_o weight_n and_o melt_v they_o together_o make_v twelve_o ounce_n by_o weight_n and_o never_o weight_n they_o after_o they_o be_v commix_v but_o say_v this_o be_v sterling_a standard_n whereas_o the_o weight_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o of_o the_o other_o do_v proportionate_a the_o standard_n by_o weight_n for_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o waste_n of_o copper_n this_o be_v better_a than_o standard_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v make_v exact_o so_o that_o the_o piece_n also_o be_v to_o be_v correspondent_a to_o the_o pound_n weight_n for_o the_o foundation_n rise_v from_o hence_o as_o in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n appear_v chap._n ix_o of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n and_o the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n valuation_n of_o money_n be_v the_o spirit_n which_o give_v life_n unto_o coin_n for_o without_o it_o weight_n and_o fineness_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o bullion_n or_o material_n this_o valuation_n be_v twofold_a money_n two_o fold_n be_v the_o valuation_n of_o money_n the_o first_o be_v do_v by_o public_a authority_n of_o prince_n and_o state_n whereby_o the_o piece_n of_o coin_n be_v esteem_v at_o a_o price_n certain_a both_o for_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o go_v currant_n for_o that_o value_n within_o their_o kingdom_n and_o dominion_n the_o second_o be_v the_o valuation_n of_o merchant_n by_o way_n of_o exchange_n between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n which_o be_v predominant_a and_o overrule_v the_o former_a as_o heretofore_o have_v be_v touch_v and_o now_o will_v be_v prove_v the_o king_n or_o prince_n valuation_n be_v effect_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n valuation_n king_n valuation_n viz._n by_o inhaunce_v the_o price_n of_o the_o coin_n by_o proclamation_n second_o by_o embeasil_v the_o standard_n of_o money_n by_o allay_n and_o three_o by_o alter_v the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n the_o merchant_n valuation_n be_v also_o effect_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n valuation_n merchant_n valuation_n viz._n by_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n rise_v and_o fall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o the_o toleration_n of_o the_o coin_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n between_o they_o and_o by_o the_o combination_n with_o mint-master_n inhance_v the_o price_n of_o the_o mark_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o all_o these_o in_o order_n brief_o the_o king_n valuation_n be_v derive_v or_o draw_v from_o the_o very_a piece_n or_o piece_n make_v out_o of_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n or_o the_o mark_n of_o eight_o ounce_n which_o the_o roman_n do_v call_v nummus_fw-la à _fw-la numerando_fw-la to_o tell_v or_o reckon_v by_o the_o saxon_n give_v it_o the_o name_n pfemimg_n or_o pennimick_n in_o ducth_z from_z whence_o the_o word_n penny_n be_v derive_v for_o they_o cut_v twenty_o piece_n out_o of_o the_o pound_n troy_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n make_v twenty_o penny_n every_o way_n that_o be_v to_o say_v twenty_o penny_n in_o weight_n twenty_o penny_n in_o value_n piece_n weight_n and_o finesse_n both_o alike_o with_o the_o number_n of_o piece_n and_o consequent_o divide_v the_o fineness_n also_o by_o twenty_o penny_n weight_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n in_o twenty_o and_o four_o grain_n which_o be_v the_o ancient_a sterling_a standard_n of_o osbright_n the_o saxon_a king_n seven_o hundred_o year_n past_a which_o valuation_n so_o continue_v until_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o until_o henry_n the_o six_o and_o then_o be_v value_v at_o thirty_o penny_n the_o say_a ounce_n and_o continue_v until_o edward_n the_o four_o sea_n the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n advance_v because_o of_o the_o inhance_a of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o then_o value_v at_o forty_o penny_n and_o so_o continue_v until_o king_n 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france_n as_o in_o the_o low-countries_n and_o germany_n to_o england_n incredible_a loss_n as_o be_v at_o large_a declare_v in_o our_o commonwealth_n our_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n treatise_n of_o exchange_n this_o daily_o inhaunce_v beyond_o the_o sea_n begin_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o who_o go_v about_o to_o reform_v the_o same_o but_o afterward_o find_v that_o if_o he_o shall_v enhance_v his_o price_n of_o money_n likewise_o they_o will_v still_o advance_v they_o more_o and_o more_o he_o begin_v but_o moderate_o and_o whereas_o the_o angel_n noble_a so_o call_v be_v at_o six_o shilling_n eight_o penny_n enhance_v angel_n noble_a enhance_v he_o â—aused_v the_o same_o to_o be_v value_v at_o seven_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n by_o a_o proclamation_n in_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o within_o two_o month_n after_o at_o seven_o shilling_n
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with_o england_n and_o foreign_a nation_n we_o have_v usury_n like_o a_o wolf_n by_o the_o ear_n dangerous_a to_o be_v keep_v and_o more_o dangerous_a to_o abandon_v the_o same_o this_o usury_n be_v indeed_o exercise_v to_o the_o poor_a or_o to_o the_o rich_a without_o respect_n of_o damage_n ensue_v become_v intolerable_a but_o in_o case_n of_o interest_n when_o time_n of_o payment_n be_v neglect_v in_o the_o state_n of_o orphan_n in_o mutual_a hazard_n or_o in_o hazard_n public_a allowable_a where_o usury_n be_v allowable_a simple_o to_o disallow_v it_o be_v to_o cut_v off_o all_o trade_n and_o commerce_n or_o reparation_n of_o damage_n and_o to_o go_v about_o to_o remedy_v a_o mischief_n with_o a_o great_a inconvenience_n the_o law_n of_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n do_v therefore_o moderate_a the_o course_n of_o usury_n which_o be_v much_o to_o be_v regard_v where_o the_o word_n be_v thus_o as_o follow_v vsuris_fw-la 1._o coâ—_n c._n de_fw-fr vsuris_fw-la we_o have_v think_v necessary_a to_o make_v a_o general_a law_n or_o statute_n touch_v the_o quantity_n of_o usury_n bring_v the_o old_a hard_a and_o most_o grecuous_a weight_n of_o the_o same_o to_o a_o certain_a moderate_a stay_n or_o mean_a rate_n therefore_o we_o command_v those_o noble_a man_n that_o be_v earl_n or_o their_o better_n that_o they_o do_v not_o make_v any_o stipulation_n or_o firm_a bargain_n by_o any_o manner_n of_o contract_n whatsoever_o great_a or_o less_o for_o usury_n or_o gain_n to_o be_v have_v above_o four_o in_o the_o hundred_o those_o that_o be_v guardian_n or_o governor_n over_o handiecraft_n man_n or_o place_n where_o artificer_n do_v work_v or_o else_o do_v use_v any_o lawful_a trade_n of_o merchandise_n we_o will_v that_o they_o shall_v moderate_v their_o stipulation_n or_o firm_a promise_n take_v in_o any_o bargain_n to_o eight_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o as_o for_o those_o that_o do_v adventure_v their_o good_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o put_v out_o their_o substance_n upon_o their_o own_o hazard_n such_o may_v lawful_o demand_v by_o firm_a promise_n to_o receive_v twelve_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o in_o no_o wise_a to_o take_v above_o that_o rate_n although_o by_o the_o old_a roman_a statute_n it_o have_v be_v lawful_a to_o exceed_v and_o we_o will_v that_o all_o other_o man_n shall_v take_v only_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o above_o the_o principal_a and_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o excess_n in_o no_o wise_a to_o be_v enlarge_v in_o other_o contract_n where_o usury_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v demand_v without_o stipulation_n or_o covenant_n make_v neither_o shall_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o the_o judge_n to_o increase_v the_o foresay_a taxation_n or_o rate_n make_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o custom_n use_v in_o any_o country_n etc._n etc._n this_o imperial_a civil_a law_n have_v
have_v spend_v time_n labour_n and_o no_o small_a charge_n in_o hope_n that_o hereafter_o it_o may_v do_v good_a to_o the_o public_a house_n pawn_v house_n if_o some_o divine_a be_v move_v to_o further_a it_o the_o first_o be_v according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o amsterdam_n to_o which_o end_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o petition_n of_o honest_a and_o religious_a man_n his_o majesty_n subject_n be_v as_o follow_v first_o that_o authority_n be_v give_v to_o a._n b._n to_o erect_v pawne-house_n in_o all_o convenient_a place_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o the_o dominion_n of_o wales_n for_o and_o during_o the_o term_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o all_o person_n and_o person_n shall_v and_o may_v have_v at_o all_o convenient_a time_n money_n upon_o pawn_n of_o or_o upon_o all_o movable_a good_n chattel_n and_o lease_n or_o any_o thing_n which_o shall_v be_v agree_v upon_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o by_o the_o year_n that_o the_o undertaker_n may_v be_v authorise_v or_o licence_v to_o take_v for_o the_o attendance_n labour_n and_o pain_n recompense_n of_o officer_n and_o servant_n wage_n house-rent_n and_o all_o other_o charge_v incident_a thereunto_o as_o follow_v for_o register_n and_o keep_n of_o all_o pawn_n that_o do_v amount_v to_o fifty_o pound_n or_o more_o one_o farthing_n for_o every_o pound_n by_o the_o month_n for_o all_o pawn_n that_o do_v amount_v to_o ten_o pound_n or_o more_o until_o fifty_o pound_n for_o every_o pound_n one_o half_a penny_n by_o the_o month_n for_o all_o pawn_n that_o do_v not_o amount_v to_o ten_o pound_n for_o every_o pound_n one_o penny_n by_o the_o month_n for_o every_o bill_n give_v for_o pawn_n under_o ten_o pound_n one_o penny_n and_o be_v of_o ten_o pound_n or_o above_o whatsoever_o it_o come_v unto_o but_o two_o penny_n with_o such_o clause_n condition_n and_o caution_n as_o shall_v be_v requisite_a for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o say_a undertaker_n and_o agreeable_a with_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n pay_v unto_o the_o king_n majesty_n a_o reasonable_a sum_n of_o money_n yearly_a etc._n etc._n the_o say_v allowance_n be_v inferior_a to_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n his_o law_n and_o will_v be_v find_v very_o reasonable_a consider_v that_o by_o the_o toleration_n of_o usury_n politic_a man_n can_v deliver_v their_o money_n in_o very_a great_a sum_n at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o free_o and_o without_o such_o trouble_n chap._n xiii_o of_o mons_fw-la pietatis_fw-la or_o bank_n of_o charity_n the_o second_o mean_a to_o suppress_v the_o bite_a usury_n of_o extortion_n upon_o the_o common_a people_n be_v by_o provide_v a_o course_n that_o they_o may_v have_v money_n upon_o pawn_n without_o pay_v any_o interest_n or_o usury_n for_o the_o loan_n of_o it_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o bridge_n in_o flanders_n which_o be_v more_o please_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o universal_a as_o the_o pawn_n house_n be_v where_o great_a sum_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o accommodate_v merchant_n and_o all_o man_n to_o prevent_v the_o general_a abuse_n albeit_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o extortion_n upon_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n be_v more_o heinous_a and_o detestable_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o that_o take_v usury_n of_o the_o poor_a be_v more_o punish_v than_o he_o that_o do_v steal_v from_o the_o rich_a as_o be_v before_o declare_v in_o italy_n there_o be_v montes_n pietatis_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v mount_n or_o bank_n of_o charity_n place_n where_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v by_o legacy_n give_v for_o relief_n of_o the_o poor_a to_o borrow_v upon_o pawn_n and_o to_o pay_v only_o after_o three_o or_o four_o in_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o most_o to_o maintain_v the_o officer_n and_o to_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o such_o a_o erect_a mount_n for_o ever_o but_o the_o manner_n of_o bridge_n as_o aforesaid_a may_v be_v think_v more_o reasonable_a pay_v the_o officer_n out_o of_o the_o contribution_n which_o by_o their_o mean_n may_v be_v much_o increase_v according_a to_o the_o order_n which_o be_v hereafter_o declare_v usury_n money_n to_o be_v give_v to_o suppress_v usury_n for_o every_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o give_v for_o the_o suppression_n of_o intolerable_a and_o abominable_a usury_n the_o rich_a that_o be_v charitable_o dispose_v will_v give_v because_o usury_n politic_a shall_v not_o be_v bite_v the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n will_v be_v contributory_a because_o of_o the_o commodiousnes_n of_o it_o for_o who_o will_v not_o give_v six_o penny_n or_o twelve_o penny_n every_o quarter_n of_o the_o year_n when_o he_o may_v borrow_v a_o reasonable_a sum_n of_o money_n without_o pay_v any_o use_n for_o it_o for_o one_o year_n or_o a_o long_a time_n according_a to_o occasion_n i_o be_o sure_a of_o most_o man_n inclination_n by_o a_o attempt_n make_v of_o the_o practice_n hereof_o some_o year_n since_o for_o after_o the_o name_n take_v of_o above_o 1500_o person_n that_o be_v willing_a to_o contribute_v yearly_a and_o some_o divine_n and_o other_o that_o will_v lend_v free_o 50_o will_v 100_o will_v or_o more_o for_o some_o year_n and_o some_o 500_o will_v i_o make_v a_o alphabetical_a register_n of_o they_o which_o be_v deliver_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o great_a personage_n who_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o worthy_a of_o the_o honour_n thereof_o but_o to_o my_o remembrance_n it_o amount_v to_o some_o 2000_o will_v for_o money_n give_v and_o to_o be_v lend_v and_o above_o six_o hundred_o pound_n yearly_a during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o benefactor_n so_o that_o no_o man_n have_v cause_n to_o doubt_v of_o the_o collection_n of_o a_o great_a stock_n for_o so_o godly_a a_o work_n if_o authority_n be_v have_v when_o this_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o only_a hope_n and_o surmise_v thereof_o to_o the_o effect_v whereof_o i_o will_v be_v willing_a still_o to_o do_v my_o best_a endeavour_n now_o the_o order_n be_v as_o follow_v order_n to_o be_v observe_v for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o mount_n of_o charity_n consist_v of_o two_o house_n within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o the_o suburb_n thereof_o and_o one_o house_n at_o westminster_n where_o all_o man_n may_v borrow_v money_n in_o small_a sum_n without_o pay_v any_o use_n or_o loan_n for_o the_o same_o upon_o pawn_n to_o be_v deliver_v for_o caution_n or_o security_n of_o the_o say_a money_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o bridge_n in_o flanders_n and_o other_o country_n 1_o imprimis_fw-la that_o all_o man_n of_o what_o quality_n or_o condition_n soever_o they_o be_v be_v destitute_a of_o money_n shall_v have_v money_n at_o all_o convenient_a time_n without_o pay_v any_o use_n or_o loan_n for_o the_o same_o but_o deliver_v only_o a_o pawn_n of_o any_o movable_a thing_n so_o it_o be_v not_o above_o forty_o shilling_n at_o any_o one_o time_n until_o a_o competent_a stock_n be_v raise_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o say_a mount_n of_o charity_n for_o ever_o 2_o item_n whereas_o the_o say_a stock_n be_v raise_v and_o to_o be_v increase_v by_o mean_n of_o charitable_a and_o conscionable_a person_n which_o either_o do_v free_o lend_v money_n without_o take_v interest_n for_o the_o same_o or_o do_v free_o give_v in_o money_n and_o yearly_a contribution_n according_a to_o their_o virtuous_a disposition_n which_o money_n may_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n amount_v to_o a_o notable_a sum_n the_o treasurer_n general_a therefore_o shall_v be_v a_o man_n sufficient_a and_o of_o honest_a behaviour_n careful_a to_o appoint_v swear_v honest_a man_n upon_o surety_n to_o collect_v the_o say_v money_n and_o for_o keep_v of_o the_o pawn_n with_o their_o clerk_n and_o other_o attendant_n and_o the_o surueior_fw-fr of_o account_n shall_v be_v a_o man_n diligent_a and_o skilful_a in_o account_n all_o for_o the_o better_a encouragement_n of_o the_o say_v charitable_a giver_n and_o free_a lender_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o this_o charitable_a work_n 3_o item_n whereas_o the_o like_a house_n call_v saint_n george_n be_v heretofore_o erect_v at_o genova_n in_o italy_n by_o noble_a knight_n bind_v in_o honour_n to_o see_v the_o people_n relieve_v from_o oppression_n bite_v usury_n and_o extortion_n which_o by_o all_o virtuous_a knight_n be_v at_o all_o time_n approve_v and_o commend_v there_o shall_v be_v keep_v one_o pair_n of_o table_n in_o every_o house_n contain_v the_o name_n of_o such_o honourable_a person_n and_o virtuous_a knight_n '_o as_o shall_v be_v yearly_a contributaries_n by_o quarterly_a payment_n during_o their_o natural_a life_n or_o lend_v any_o sum_n of_o money_n gratis_o for_o a_o time_n together_o with_o the_o name_n of_o such_o well_o dispose_v person_n as_o by_o
follower_n and_o subject_n with_o better_a pay_n worthy_a of_o perpetual_a remembrance_n be_v that_o noble_a prince_n king_n henry_n the_o seven_o seven_o notable_a example_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o in_o his_o singular_a wisdom_n and_o policy_n know_v how_o prince_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v wrong_v by_o their_o officer_n in_o the_o dispose_n of_o their_o treasure_n by_o fraudulent_a and_o deceitful_a account_n which_o either_o by_o ignorance_n or_o otherwise_o by_o connivance_n do_v pass_v do_v himself_o with_o great_a facility_n take_v a_o inspection_n in_o all_o his_o exchequer_n account_n by_o a_o abstract_n of_o the_o say_a account_n enter_v in_o a_o book_n by_o some_o experience_a and_o skilful_a man_n in_o account_n whereunto_o his_o highness_n do_v subscribe_v his_o royal_a signature_n before_o the_o officer_n upon_o good_a certificate_n make_v to_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n can_v have_v their_o quietus_n est_fw-la pass_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o the_o faid_a king_n be_v please_v many_o time_n to_o enter_v into_o particular_a examination_n of_o some_o of_o the_o account_n whereby_o he_o do_v strike_v a_o terror_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o officer_n so_o that_o they_o become_v more_o careful_a and_o dare_v not_o commit_v any_o fraud_n or_o deceit_n by_o combination_n or_o toleration_n but_o his_o treasure_n be_v due_o administer_v and_o preserve_v this_o signature_n of_o the_o king_n in_o the_o say_a book_n be_v extant_a to_o be_v see_v in_o his_o majesty_n exchequer_n four_o providence_n of_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o urgent_a necessity_n cause_v the_o late_a french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o when_o he_o be_v king_n of_o navarre_n to_o be_v present_a in_o the_o dispose_n of_o his_o treasure_n in_o so_o much_o that_o afterward_o in_o possess_v the_o diadem_n of_o all_o france_n and_o call_v to_o remembrance_n his_o former_a observation_n by_o compare_v thing_n to_o their_o first_o principle_n he_o find_v that_o of_o every_o french_a crown_n be_v sixty_o sou_n which_o his_o coffer_n shall_v receive_v there_o come_v not_o above_o the_o four_o part_n de_fw-fr claro_fw-la unto_o he_o whereupon_o by_o root_a out_o of_o corruption_n depose_v of_o needless_a officer_n profitable_a emption_n of_o thing_n necessary_a and_o by_o wise_a dispose_n of_o they_o he_o bring_v è_fw-la contrario_fw-la three_o part_n of_o every_o crown_n unto_o his_o coffer_n and_o do_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n accumulate_v a_o very_a great_a treasure_n and_o yet_o do_v he_o increase_v officer_n fee_n according_a to_o the_o alteration_n of_o time_n which_o by_o accidental_a cause_n have_v make_v every_o thing_n dear_a account_n factor_n account_n thus_o much_o obiter_fw-la now_o if_o a_o merchant_n be_v also_o a_o factor_n for_o other_o in_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n deliver_v of_o money_n at_o interest_n and_o by_o deal_n in_o exchange_n and_o râ—changes_n have_v factoridge_n allow_v unto_o he_o for_o the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o merchant_n some_o more_o and_o some_o less_o as_o they_o agree_v betweâ—ne_v they_o the_o difference_n in_o keep_v other_o man_n account_n with_o who_o they_o have_v any_o correspondence_n be_v but_o small_a for_o if_o it_o be_v for_o good_n or_o merchandise_n sell_v they_o will_v entitle_v the_o account_n good_n of_o the_o account_n of_o such_o a_o man_n do_v owe_v unto_o cash_n such_o a_o sum_n pay_v for_o custom_n and_o charge_n or_o if_o it_o be_v for_o good_n buy_v he_o will_v do_v the_o like_a and_o discharge_v the_o account_n by_o make_v the_o say_a merchant_n debtor_n or_o creditor_n for_o it_o be_v as_o the_o say_a account_n require_v which_o he_o do_v also_o charge_n with_o factoridge_n or_o provision_n for_o his_o sallarie_n and_o therefore_o all_o factor_n keep_v a_o particular_a account_n to_o know_v what_o they_o have_v get_v by_o factoridge_n or_o provision_n at_o the_o year_n end_n and_o then_o they_o charge_v that_o account_n with_o their_o charge_n and_o all_o such_o expense_n as_o they_o have_v be_v at_o and_o the_o remainder_n be_v post_v to_o capital_a as_o in_o the_o account_n of_o profit_n or_o loss_n whereupon_o some_o other_o do_v bring_v their_o charge_n and_o expense_n and_o so_o carry_v all_o the_o provision_n to_o capital_a or_o stock_n herein_o every_o man_n may_v use_v his_o pleasure_n for_o this_o manner_n of_o account_n afford_v many_o distinction_n all_o which_o several_a branch_n or_o member_n of_o account_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o make_v up_o the_o the_o complete_a body_n for_o by_o the_o dismember_n of_o a_o account_n account_n dismember_a of_o account_n separate_v every_o thing_n in_o his_o proper_a nature_n you_o be_v enable_v to_o find_v out_o many_o error_n and_o intricatenes_n of_o account_n by_o reduce_v the_o body_n of_o it_o to_o his_o perfection_n in_o this_o place_n may_v be_v expect_v a_o declaration_n of_o the_o several_a coin_n or_o calculation_n of_o money_n wherein_o the_o book_n of_o merchant_n account_n be_v keep_v beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o because_o the_o same_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o several_a exchange_n between_o country_n and_o country_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o refer_v the_o same_o in_o the_o proper_a place_n of_o exchange_n hereafter_o follow_v and_o to_o conclude_v this_o second_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la with_o that_o notable_a question_n make_v by_o the_o civilians_n account_n a_o question_n make_v by_o civilians_n about_o book_n of_o account_n whether_o a_o merchant_n or_o a_o banker_n keep_v two_o book_n of_o account_n the_o one_o concern_v the_o money_n of_o his_o bank_n and_o the_o other_o touch_v trade_n of_o merchandise_n for_o ware_n shall_v be_v censure_v alike_o for_o such_o money_n as_o he_o owe_v unto_o his_o creditor_n so_o that_o the_o creditor_n after_o his_o decease_n shall_v all_o stand_v in_o equal_a degree_n to_o be_v pay_v either_o in_o the_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n if_o the_o banker_n estate_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o herein_o the_o judge_n of_o merchant_n do_v make_v no_o difference_n but_o the_o civilians_n have_v make_v a_o great_a distinction_n therein_o and_o they_o say_v that_o the_o book_n of_o the_o bank_n be_v more_o to_o be_v credit_v than_o the_o other_o for_o say_v benuenuto_fw-mi straccha_n the_o book_n of_o the_o bank_n be_v keep_v public_o and_o the_o other_o as_o it_o be_v secret_a to_o himself_o so_o that_o the_o creditor_n of_o the_o one_o be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o other_o as_o be_v two_o negotiation_n and_o to_o be_v deal_v therein_o according_a to_o their_o several_a nature_n and_o the_o mean_n thereof_o extant_a with_o such_o consideration_n as_o may_v be_v incident_a thereunto_o to_o declare_v my_o own_o opinion_n i_o say_v that_o the_o canon_n and_o civil_a law_n make_v no_o distinction_n in_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o testator_n debt_n between_o money_n owe_v for_o ware_n or_o for_o interest_n there_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v any_o difference_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o debt_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o book_n of_o account_n *_o âŽ_o *_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o part._n the_o three_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o ancient_a law-merchant_n concern_v exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n compare_v to_o the_o spirit_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n have_v in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n entreat_v of_o the_o body_n and_o soul_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n and_o money_n let_v we_o now_o handle_v the_o predominant_a part_n of_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n which_o be_v the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o foreign_a part_n compare_v to_o the_o spirit_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n for_o as_o money_n do_v infuse_v life_n to_o commodity_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n prevent_v advantage_n between_o buyer_n and_o seller_n so_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v seat_v every_o where_n corroborate_v the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o traffic_n direct_v and_o control_v by_o just_a proportion_n the_o price_n and_o value_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n as_o shall_v be_v declare_v many_o man_n can_v well_o discern_v the_o distinction_n of_o the_o spirit_n in_o sundry_a matter_n because_o man_n consist_v of_o body_n and_o soul_n that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o spirit_n be_v comprise_v under_o the_o name_n soul_n but_o if_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o understand_v the_o necessary_a distinction_n hereof_o reason_n in_o the_o theoric_n part_n will_v demonstrate_v the_o same_o in_o the_o practic_n part_n of_o this_o discourse_n of_o exchange_n saint_n paul_n in_o the_o late_a end_n of_o his_o second_o epistle_n to_o the_o thessalonian_o wish_v a_o sanctification_n to_o their_o spirit_n and_o soul_n 5.23_o 2._o thess._n 5.23_o and_o
bread_n and_o water_n for_o a_o time_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n but_o if_o the_o debtor_n be_v so_o poor_a and_o notwithstanding_o have_v such_o a_o cruel_a adversary_n that_o will_v make_v die_n of_o his_o bone_n that_o be_v say_v to_o have_v his_o debtor_n die_v in_o prison_n and_o to_o hang_v up_o a_o bale_n of_o dice_n for_o he_o in_o the_o crown_n office_n as_o be_v do_v by_o the_o officer_n in_o place_n or_o the_o gaoler_n then_o have_v the_o law_n beyond_o the_o sea_n provide_v some_o relief_n for_o this_o poor_a man_n for_o the_o custom_n be_v in_o germany_n france_n italy_n spain_n and_o the_o low_a country_n that_o no_o man_n be_v imprison_v for_o debt_n above_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n in_o which_o time_n the_o creditor_n have_v power_n to_o take_v seize_v and_o sell_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o debtor_n which_o be_v do_v or_o before_o the_o woman_n in_o most_o place_n may_v claim_v her_o dower_n for_o her_o relief_n &_o child_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v divide_v among_o the_o creditor_n as_o far_o as_o it_o will_v go_v and_o so_o the_o debtor_n be_v free_v from_o those_o debt_n for_o ever_o for_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n qui_fw-la vult_fw-la cedere_fw-la bonis_fw-la liberatus_fw-la est_fw-la a_o debito_fw-la if_o the_o debtor_n do_v relinquish_v his_o estate_n to_o the_o creditor_n he_o be_v free_a from_o the_o debt_n and_o all_o good_n fall_v to_o he_o afterward_o be_v his_o own_o but_o this_o man_n be_v ever_o after_o disable_v to_o come_v to_o any_o preferment_n and_o such_o a_o creditor_n as_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o will_v be_v hate_v and_o account_v worse_a than_o a_o jew_n or_o pagan_n for_o the_o manner_n of_o cedere_fw-la bonis_fw-la or_o to_o make_v session_n of_o good_n be_v very_o heinous_a bonis_fw-la the_o manner_n of_o cedere_fw-la bonis_fw-la and_o of_o wonderful_a disgrace_n so_o that_o most_o man_n will_v rather_o die_v in_o misery_n than_o to_o come_v unto_o it_o because_o it_o happen_v not_o once_o in_o twenty_o year_n yet_o be_v it_o far_o inferior_a to_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o pillory_n or_o the_o strike_n over_o the_o leg_n use_v in_o russia_n at_o the_o creditor_n instance_n whereby_o the_o debtor_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o the_o debt_n pay_v the_o party_n come_v before_o the_o town-house_n and_o stand_v upon_o a_o stone_n in_o the_o view_n of_o all_o the_o people_n and_o unloose_v his_o girdle_n he_o desire_v they_o and_o all_o the_o world_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o he_o have_v nothing_o leave_v he_o to_o pay_v his_o creditor_n and_o so_o renounce_v all_o what_o may_v be_v find_v to_o be_v his_o or_o what_o any_o manner_n of_o way_n he_o may_v pretend_v and_o in_o token_n thereof_o he_o may_v not_o wear_v his_o girdle_n any_o more_o nor_o be_v employ_v in_o any_o business_n as_o a_o live_a man_n yet_o afterward_o by_o some_o composition_n to_o be_v make_v with_o the_o creditor_n he_o may_v be_v restore_v by_o a_o declaration_n to_o be_v make_v by_o some_o officer_n upon_o the_o say_a stone_n and_o then_o he_o be_v permit_v to_o wear_v his_o girdle_n again_o in_o the_o say_a country_n no_o gentleman_n or_o man_n of_o quality_n may_v be_v imprison_v at_o all_o for_o debt_n his_o estate_n only_o be_v liable_a thereunto_o and_o yet_o with_o reservation_n of_o such_o necessary_a thing_n as_o honesty_n honour_n humanity_n and_o christianity_n do_v challenge_v namely_o the_o soldier_n person_n his_o arm_n his_o apparel_n bed_n and_o chamber_n convenient_o and_o necessary_o furnish_v which_o may_v not_o be_v take_v for_o debt_n and_o the_o like_a reservation_n be_v make_v to_o every_o other_o man_n of_o quality_n so_o that_o imprisonment_n of_o man_n body_n for_o debt_n according_a to_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o england_n be_v a_o great_a burden_n and_o bondage_n than_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o other_o christian_n or_o heathen_a country_n and_o for_o asmuch_o as_o the_o mischief_n and_o incovenience_n arise_v to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o imprison_n of_o man_n body_n for_o debt_n have_v be_v propound_v heretofore_o in_o parliament_n by_o a_o print_a remonstrance_n which_o like_o unto_o a_o pamphlet_n may_v be_v lose_v whereby_o good_a matter_n be_v many_o time_n put_v in_o oblivion_n i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o make_v a_o abstract_n thereof_o in_o the_o manner_n as_o the_o say_a reason_n be_v lay_v down_o to_o be_v insert_v in_o this_o book_n in_o hope_n of_o some_o relief_n unto_o decay_a merchant_n who_o estate_n may_v remain_v liable_a to_o answer_v their_o creditor_n without_o imprison_v of_o their_o body_n against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n the_o law_n of_o man_n the_o rule_n of_o justice_n the_o law_n of_o conscience_n and_o christian_n charity_n and_o against_o the_o practice_n of_o other_o country_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o final_o against_o the_o creditor_n own_o profit_n the_o law_n of_o god_n will_v and_o command_v every_o man_n to_o follow_v a_o vocation_n to_o do_v the_o honour_n god_n against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n duty_n and_o service_n owe_v to_o his_o prince_n and_o country_n and_o parent_n and_o to_o maintain_v his_o wife_n child_n and_o family_n and_o to_o instruct_v they_o in_o the_o fear_n of_o god_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o direct_o or_o indirect_o forbid_v the_o say_a christian_n duty_n in_o the_o perform_n thereof_o by_o a_o imprisonment_n be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n whereupon_o all_o humane_a law_n ought_v to_o be_v ground_v no_o law_n of_o god_n will_v or_o command_v imprisonment_n of_o man_n body_n for_o debt_n nor_o be_v it_o warrant_v by_o any_o example_n in_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o the_o efficient_a mean_n bring_v man_n into_o prison_n as_o usury_n be_v appear_v plain_o to_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n as_o have_v be_v note_v out_o of_o the_o old_a law_n neither_o have_v the_o law_n of_o the_o gospel_n a_o word_n of_o command_n or_o warrant_v for_o imprison_v a_o christian_n brother_n for_o debt_n 34.14_o exod._n 22.26_o deut._n 23.19_o levit._fw-la 25_o 35._o ezech._n 18_o 8._o jeremy_n 34.14_o but_o rather_o contain_v a_o command_n to_o relieve_v he_o if_o he_o be_v fall_v into_o decay_n to_o take_v care_n how_o and_o wherein_o he_o shall_v sleep_v to_o set_v he_o free_a at_o six_o year_n end_n and_o then_o to_o reward_v he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o man_n it_o be_v not_o so_o ab_fw-la initio_fw-la for_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n man_n against_o the_o law_n of_o man_n which_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a most_o eminent_a &_o most_o bind_a law_n no_o man_n may_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v for_o debt_n but_o the_o creditor_n be_v to_o take_v satisfaction_n upon_o the_o debtor_n estate_n of_o good_n &_o land_n according_a to_o magna_fw-la char._n 3._o h._n 3._o and_o 14._o ed._n 3._o although_o after_o accountant_n only_o be_v to_o be_v imprison_v until_o they_o pay_v which_o be_v make_v general_a against_o all_o debtor_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25._o ed._n 3._o cap._n 17._o yet_o prisoner_n in_o execution_n might_n and_o do_v follow_v their_o vocation_n and_o affair_n by_o bail_n mainprize_n or_o baston_n as_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o rich._n 2._o cap._n 12._o and_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o be_v prisoner_n tie_v up_o short_a to_o the_o writ_n of_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la or_o the_o king_n special_a mandate_n upon_o surmise_n corpus_fw-la habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la that_o the_o say_v debtor_n make_v secret_a estate_n in_o trust_n to_o defraud_v their_o creditor_n or_o be_v wilful_a and_o obstinate_a to_o pay_v they_o be_v able_a to_o answer_v these_o objection_n it_o be_v unjust_a to_o punish_v all_o promiscuous_o aswell_o frauder_n as_o non_fw-la frauder_n without_o and_o before_o any_o proof_n make_v yet_o if_o the_o fraud_n be_v prove_v or_o his_o ability_n and_o sufficiency_n either_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n to_o imprison_v his_o body_n because_o the_o law_n do_v give_v the_o estate_n fourthwith_o to_o the_o creditor_n whether_o the_o debtor_n will_v or_o no_o so_o it_o be_v still_o needless_a to_o imprison_v the_o body_n for_o twenty_o year_n imprisonment_n discount_v never_o a_o penny_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o yet_o the_o debtor_n have_v suffer_v more_o misery_n and_o punishment_n than_o a_o guilty_a traitor_n or_o rebel_n suffer_v for_o the_o high_a offence_n it_o be_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n and_o law_n of_o nature_n justice._n against_o the_o rule_n of_o justice._n that_o man_n equal_o free_v bear_v shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o common_a and_o equal_a liberty_n and_o be_v give_v into_o the_o power_n of_o another_o without_o criminal_a cause_n or_o guilt_n the_o debtor_n be_v either_o punish_v for_o guilt_n or_o cohersion_n if_o for_o guilt_n it_o be_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o
a_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o law_n which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v fruitless_a or_o make_v as_o it_o be_v say_v by_o some_o propter_fw-la terrorem_fw-la for_o prevention_n whereof_o it_o be_v very_o commendable_a to_o preserve_v this_o life_n of_o the_o law_n consist_v in_o execution_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o commissioner_n have_v be_v heretofore_o appoint_v to_o retain_v man_n in_o their_o duty_n as_o the_o nomophilats_n in_o greece_n the_o censuror_n among_o the_o roman_n the_o ephore_n at_o lacedaemon_n the_o areopagit_n at_o athens_n the_o visitor_n in_o spain_n duty_n commissioner_n to_o retain_v officer_n in_o their_o duty_n and_o the_o commissioner_n of_o troyle_n the_o bastort_v in_o edward_n the_o first_o his_o time_n for_o all_o humane_a action_n be_v so_o flexible_a to_o evil_n that_o they_o have_v need_n of_o a_o continual_a remembrancer_n to_o virtue_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a good_a if_o we_o will_v make_v a_o comparison_n between_o the_o execution_n of_o criminal_a cause_n and_o civil_a we_o shall_v in_o a_o manner_n find_v the_o same_o to_o be_v all_o one_o effectual_o for_o the_o general_a manner_n of_o death_n impose_v by_o the_o law_n be_v hang_v where_o in_o other_o country_n they_o have_v diverse_a manner_n of_o execution_n according_a as_o the_o fact_n be_v heinous_a murder_n be_v a_o great_a offence_n have_v in_o all_o age_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n but_o steal_v of_o good_n be_v always_o take_v to_o be_v much_o inferior_a because_o the_o law_n of_o god_n do_v not_o punish_v the_o same_o by_o death_n as_o be_v now_o use_v and_o yet_o a_o death_n by_o sudden_a execution_n be_v better_a than_o a_o linger_a death_n by_o famine_n imprisonment_n and_o other_o adversity_n before_o remember_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n royal_a to_o be_v merciful_a even_o when_o law_n have_v have_v her_o full_a course_n be_v to_o be_v see_v rather_o in_o cause_n civil_a than_o criminal_a and_o that_o in_o the_o relief_n of_o poor_a distress_a prisoner_n and_o other_o contrary_n justice_n and_o mercy_n in_o god_n be_v not_o contrary_n see_v the_o mercy_n of_o god_n who_o lieutenant_n they_o be_v on_o earth_n be_v above_o all_o his_o work_n which_o make_v i_o to_o remember_v a_o error_n of_o the_o common_a people_n which_o think_v the_o justice_n and_o mercy_n of_o god_n to_o be_v contrary_n for_o if_o they_o be_v they_o can_v not_o be_v in_o god_n because_o the_o godhead_n be_v but_o one_o and_o always_o like_o itself_o can_v admit_v contrary_n and_o contrary_n they_o can_v be_v be_v both_o virtue_n whereas_o no_o virtue_n be_v contrary_a to_o virtue_n but_o only_o opposite_a to_o vice_n so_o that_o respect_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o criminal_a cause_n when_o the_o law_n have_v determine_v death_n or_o punishment_n by_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n or_o banishment_n the_o king_n imitate_v god_n mercy_n do_v restore_v life_n freedom_n and_o liberty_n much_o more_o may_v the_o king_n do_v the_o same_o in_o civil_a cause_n when_o the_o law_n command_v imprisonment_n until_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v of_o the_o judgement_n give_v liberty_n and_o prolongation_n of_o time_n as_o have_v a_o interest_n in_o the_o person_n of_o his_o subject_n as_o we_o have_v observe_v i_o have_v herein_o be_v the_o more_o ample_a because_o it_o concern_v the_o life_n of_o many_o honest_a man_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xiii_o of_o denization_n and_o naturalisation_n of_o merchant_n the_o manner_n to_o make_v merchant_n stranger_n artificersâ—_n or_o handiecraft_n man_n to_o be_v denizen_n or_o naturalize_v be_v in_o time_n pass_v without_o any_o difference_n and_o they_o do_v enjoy_v the_o like_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n and_o be_v most_o common_o make_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n by_o his_o highness_n prerogative_n royal_a whereby_o they_o do_v enjoy_v all_o the_o freedom_n and_o immunity_n that_o natural_a subject_n do_v enjoy_v and_o be_v so_o repute_v and_o take_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n upon_o their_o oath_n make_v in_o chancery_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o the_o same_o be_v afterwards_o call_v in_o question_n upon_o the_o misdemeanour_n of_o some_o forgetful_a person_n and_o then_o denizen_n be_v make_v to_o pay_v custom_n to_o the_o king_n as_o stranger_n howbeit_o they_o may_v buy_v lease_n land_n and_o house_n as_o english_a bear_v subject_n and_o their_o child_n here_o bear_v shall_v be_v free_a and_o pay_v but_o english_a custom_n for_o good_n import_v and_o export_v and_o may_v become_v freeman_n of_o london_n and_o buy_v cloth_n in_o blackewell_n hall_n and_o all_o other_o market_n and_o transport_v the_o same_o where_o it_o please_v they_o albeit_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n have_v infringe_v the_o same_o distinguish_v naturalize_v distinguish_v nevertheless_o some_o privilege_n to_o pay_v english_a custom_n be_v grant_v to_o some_o particular_a merchant_n by_o the_o prince_n prerogative_n by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o these_o be_v name_v naturalize_v which_o may_v be_v place_v in_o office_n as_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o quorum_fw-la high_a sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n and_o other_o place_n of_o dignity_n and_o come_v to_o be_v make_v knight_n and_o barronet_n and_o some_o of_o they_o buy_v land_n and_o lease_n make_v great_a purchase_n marry_v their_o daughter_n unto_o diverse_a gentleman_n and_o other_o do_v also_o sell_v land_n again_o and_o buy_v other_o land_n which_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o land_n do_v require_v assurance_n to_o be_v make_v and_o therein_o some_o lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o by_o the_o law_n the_o say_a assurance_n be_v not_o of_o sufficient_a validity_n without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o then_o the_o act_n of_o naturalisation_n be_v make_v but_o the_o make_n of_o denizen_n be_v always_o 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but_o he_o may_v take_v no_o lease_n nor_o buy_v land_n in_o most_o humble_a manner_n beseech_v your_o most_o excellent_a majesty_n your_o humble_a and_o obedient_a orator_n i._n l._n of_o florence_n your_o majesty_n servant_n t._n m._n etc._n etc._n r._n b._n and_o m._n q._n that_o whereas_o the_o say_v i._o l._n the_o son_n of_o a._n l._n and_o l._n his_o wife_n stranger_n be_v bear_v at_o florence_n in_o italy_n in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o whereas_o etc._n etc._n and_o whereas_o m._n q._n be_v the_o son_n of_o m._n q._n and_o c._n his_o wife_n bear_v at_o bridge_n in_o flanders_n in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o lawful_a matrimony_n and_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n these_o twenty_o year_n remain_v and_o make_v his_o abode_n in_o london_n within_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n during_o which_o time_n he_o have_v demean_v himself_o faithful_o and_o dutiful_o towards_o your_o highness_n and_o your_o law_n yet_o for_o that_o both_o he_o and_o 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natural_o and_o lawful_o bear_v within_o this_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n and_o also_o that_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o shall_v and_o may_v from_o henceforth_o by_o the_o same_o authority_n be_v enable_v and_o adjudge_v able_a to_o all_o intent_n and_o construction_n to_o demand_v challenge_v ask_v have_v hold_v and_o enjoy_v land_n tenement_n hereditament_n and_o rent_n as_o heir_n or_o heir_n to_o any_o of_o their_o ancestor_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o descent_n remain_v revert_v or_o come_v to_o they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o by_o any_o other_o lawful_a conveyance_n or_o mean_n whatsoever_o or_o which_o hereafter_o shall_v come_v etc._n etc._n as_o if_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o have_v be_v your_o highness_n natural_a subject_n bear_v and_o to_o hold_v and_o enjoy_v to_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o joint_o and_o several_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n or_o rent_n by_o way_n of_o purchase_n gift_n grant_v or_o otherwise_o of_o any_o person_n 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honour_n and_o most_o safety_n to_o remain_v over_o us._n this_o petition_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n parliament_n the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o parliament_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o speaker_n of_o the_o parliament_n who_o upon_o the_o second_o read_v in_o the_o commons_o house_n procure_v the_o same_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o certain_a committee_n before_o who_o the_o petitioner_n do_v appear_v and_o after_o examination_n if_o there_o be_v no_o apparent_a cause_n that_o may_v cross_v they_o the_o bill_n be_v return_v into_o the_o parliament_n and_o read_v for_o the_o three_o time_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v of_o all_o act_n and_o then_o it_o be_v carry_v up_o to_o the_o high_a house_n and_o there_o it_o be_v common_o of_o course_n also_o read_v three_o time_n and_o so_o allow_v and_o there_o it_o do_v remain_v until_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o session_n of_o parliament_n and_o then_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n be_v have_v thereunto_o and_o there_o be_v write_v on_o the_o backside_n or_o within_o these_o word_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr le_fw-fr veult_n and_o if_o it_o be_v anâ—_n act_n which_o the_o king_n will_v not_o pass_v the_o clerk_n of_o the_o parliament_n write_v le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr s'aduiser'a_fw-fr which_o be_v a_o clean_a and_o absolute_a refusal_n and_o all_o which_o be_v do_v be_v void_a and_o can_v be_v reviue_v in_o another_o parliament_n without_o to_o begin_v all_o from_o the_o begin_n again_o so_o much_o for_o england_n in_o france_n all_o stranger_n that_o be_v not_o bear_v within_o the_o kingdom_n and_o reside_v or_o dwell_v in_o the_o same_o france_n aubeine_fw-fr in_o france_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o right_n of_o aubain_n so_o call_v tanquam_fw-la alibi_n nati_fw-la for_o after_o their_o death_n if_o they_o be_v not_o naturalize_v the_o king_n do_v seize_v upon_o all_o their_o good_n they_o have_v in_o france_n and_o appropriate_v the_o same_o to_o his_o exchequer_n or_o finance_n without_o that_o the_o say_v stranger_n can_v dispose_v thereof_o by_o testament_n or_o will_n or_o that_o their_o lawful_a heir_n can_v claim_v the_o same_o howbeit_o they_o may_v give_v they_o and_o dispose_v thereof_o while_o they_o live_v by_o contract_n make_v between_o they_o a_o stranger_n also_o not_o dwell_v within_o the_o realm_n yet_o have_v get_v wealth_n or_o mean_n within_o the_o same_o may_v dispose_v of_o it_o unto_o his_o heir_n and_o other_o although_o they_o be_v stranger_n also_o if_o a_o stranger_n travel_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n shall_v chance_v to_o die_v his_o heir_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o good_n which_o he_o have_v leave_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o decease_n in_o france_n but_o when_o a_o stranger_n take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n then_o may_v he_o get_v wealth_n and_o possession_n within_o the_o realm_n lawful_o and_o free_o which_o letter_n of_o naturalisation_n must_v be_v record_v in_o the_o chamber_n of_o account_n upon_o pain_n of_o a_o penalty_n pay_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o lawful_a heir_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o say_v possession_n and_o good_n so_o as_o he_o be_v nature_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o any_o other_o to_o who_o the_o same_o be_v give_v by_o will_n or_o testament_n so_o as_o he_o also_o be_v naturalize_v as_o aforesaid_a but_o mounseur_fw-fr papon_n the_o civilian_n say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o one_o to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o to_o be_v bear_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o it_o must_v be_v also_o of_o a_o woman_n take_v in_o marriage_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o hereupon_o allege_v a_o arrest_n or_o sentence_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n whereby_o a_o cousin_n of_o a_o stranger_n decease_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o sister_n because_o the_o cousin_n be_v bear_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o dwell_v in_o the_o same_o and_o the_o sister_n do_v not_o dwell_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o be_v bear_v in_o another_o country_n albeit_o she_o cause_v herself_o to_o be_v naturalize_v after_o the_o decease_n of_o her_o brother_n whereof_o the_o court_n have_v no_o regard_n because_o the_o good_n by_o succession_n be_v get_v before_o which_o can_v not_o be_v make_v void_a by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n mounseur_fw-fr banquet_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o frenchman_n be_v depart_v the_o kingdom_n for_o to_o dwell_v in_o another_o country_n that_o his_o good_n present_a and_o to_o come_v do_v appertain_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o can_v dispose_v thereof_o by_o will_n or_o testament_n as_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a decree_n of_o parliament_n the_o king_n be_v lord_n of_o all_o vacant_a good_n and_o therefore_o wife_n and_o child_n be_v to_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o purchase_v their_o quietness_n and_o if_o any_o stranger_n bear_v and_o naturalize_v shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n some_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n upon_o especial_a occasion_n or_o otherwise_o he_o be_v at_o his_o return_n to_o take_v new_a letter_n of_o naturalisation_n or_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a by_o some_o approbation_n consideration_n a_o observable_a consideration_n and_o herein_o be_v a_o special_a point_n to_o be_v note_v as_o a_o matter_n of_o record_n that_o those_o of_o flanders_n milan_n and_o the_o french_a county_n of_o savoy_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o dwell_v in_o this_o kingdom_n because_o the_o french_a king_n pretend_v that_o the_o say_v country_n be_v they_o and_o be_v never_o alienate_v by_o any_o conseâ—t_n of_o they_o but_o be_v country_n which_o at_o all_o time_n have_v belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n who_o do_v acknowledge_v the_o subject_n to_o be_v true_a and_o loyal_a frenchman_n but_o it_o be_v requisite_a if_o they_o come_v to_o dwell_v and_o inhabit_v within_o the_o realm_n that_o they_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o the_o end_n the_o officer_n do_v not_o molest_v or_o trouble_v they_o by_o the_o premise_n we_o see_v that_o the_o naturalise_v in_o france_n be_v far_o more_o compulsorie_a for_o merchant_n than_o in_o england_n howbeit_o that_o in_o both_o kingdom_n if_o a_o stranger_n naturalize_v after_o many_o year_n that_o he_o have_v inhabit_v the_o same_o be_v desirous_a to_o return_v to_o his_o father-land_n or_o native_a country_n he_o may_v surrender_v his_o letter_n patent_n and_o be_v discharge_v of_o his_o oath_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xiiii_o of_o the_o determination_n of_o seafaring_a cause_n have_v now_o hitherto_o entreat_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n with_o their_o adjunct_n and_o accident_n and_o therein_o observe_v time_n number_n weight_n and_o measure_n as_o also_o the_o three_o simple_n and_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n with_o their_o effect_n and_o property_n let_v we_o now_o consider_v of_o the_o manner_n and_o method_n of_o the_o proceed_n therein_o to_o see_v by_o what_o mean_v they_o be_v determine_v and_o execute_v
they_o shall_v speak_v truth_n to_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v demand_v of_o they_o 3_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o require_v without_o just_a cause_n any_o time_n of_o prolongation_n 4_o that_o they_o have_v not_o nor_o will_v attempt_v to_o corrupt_v witness_n 6_o the_o six_o time_n upon_o the_o contestation_n and_o interlocutorie_a sentence_n you_o must_v observe_v nine_o thing_n 1_o that_o the_o witness_n be_v present_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o party_n against_o who_o they_o be_v produce_v 2_o that_o they_o be_v freeman_n and_o honest_a and_o not_o hire_v nor_o corrupt_v 3_o that_o they_o be_v swear_v and_o the_o producent_fw-la pay_v his_o charge_n 4_o you_o may_v inquire_v of_o the_o party_n that_o do_v produce_v the_o witness_n as_o also_o of_o the_o witness_n by_o certain_a article_n what_o may_v appertain_v to_o the_o cause_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o admittance_n for_o to_o be_v swear_v because_o their_o deposition_n be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o matter_n 5_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v have_v three_o several_a time_n to_o produce_v his_o witness_n shall_v not_o have_v any_o other_o time_n to_o examine_v any_o more_o unless_o he_o do_v swear_v that_o he_o know_v not_o what_o the_o former_a witness_n have_v depose_v and_o the_o judge_n do_v assent_v thereunto_o 6_o if_o the_o witness_n have_v declare_v any_o thing_n obscure_o they_o may_v declare_v the_o same_o more_o plain_o if_o the_o judge_n do_v desire_v the_o same_o at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o party_n according_a as_o he_o shall_v direct_v 7_o after_o publication_n of_o the_o witness_n deposition_n there_o may_v not_o any_o other_o witness_n be_v depose_v upon_o the_o say_a interrogatory_n or_o any_o matter_n touch_v the_o same_o 8_o that_o the_o witness_n be_v examine_v of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o place_n and_o of_o the_o case_n itself_o whether_o they_o have_v see_v or_o hear_v the_o same_o &_o what_o they_o believe_v or_o know_v thereof_o or_o of_o the_o report_n they_o have_v hear_v 9_o that_o to_o avoid_v charge_n there_o be_v not_o too_o many_o examine_v arragon_n a_o maximo_n of_o the_o law_n of_o arragon_n the_o seven_o time_n be_v when_o all_o must_v be_v allege_v which_o may_v any_o manner_n of_o way_n make_v for_o the_o state_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o if_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o two_o witness_n tell_v one_o tale_n as_o it_o be_v verbatim_o their_o evidence_n be_v void_a and_o the_o eight_o time_n the_o judge_n proceed_v to_o a_o definitive_a sentence_n and_o the_o nine_o time_n which_o must_v be_v do_v within_o ten_o day_n the_o party_n may_v appeal_v and_o thereupon_o for_o the_o ten_o time_n the_o pleyto_n or_o suit_n with_o all_o the_o record_n go_v out_o of_o that_o judge_n court_n to_o a_o high_a court_n where_o it_o may_v not_o depend_v above_o a_o limit_a time_n the_o observation_n do_v minister_v a_o occasion_n that_o many_o controversy_n be_v end_v without_o law_n for_o the_o party_n be_v not_o sure_a to_o observe_v these_o time_n and_o the_o defendant_n which_o seek_v delay_n be_v not_o content_v with_o so_o short_a a_o time_n of_o plead_v the_o complainant_n also_o may_v know_v whether_o it_o be_v safe_a for_o he_o to_o take_v his_o oath_n as_o aforesaid_a that_o he_o be_v in_o conscience_n persuade_v of_o his_o right_n suit_n to_o abridge_v the_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n and_o morever_o pay_v a_o fine_a for_o wrong_v molestation_n abridge_v with_o they_o heretofore_o the_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n omit_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o other_o court_n of_o equity_n and_o call_v law_n and_o equity_n to_o be_v the_o common_a law_n so_o much_o commend_v above_o the_o civil_a law_n by_o the_o say_v m_o r._n fortescue_n sometime_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o who_o have_v observe_v five_o point_n wherein_o the_o same_o consist_v let_v we_o observe_v many_o more_o to_o extol_v the_o excellency_n of_o the_o say_v common_a law_n as_o follow_v summary_o 1_o first_o because_o of_o the_o antiquity_n thereof_o england_n excellency_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n for_o that_o in_o all_o the_o time_n that_o the_o realm_n be_v inhabit_v by_o five_o several_a nation_n the_o same_o be_v still_o rule_v by_o the_o say_a custom_n that_o it_o be_v now_o govern_v withal_o which_o if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v good_a some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o these_o several_a nation_n move_v either_o with_o justice_n or_o with_o reason_n and_o affection_n will_v have_v change_v or_o abolish_v the_o same_o especial_o the_o roman_n who_o judge_v all_o the_o world_n 2_o second_o for_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n at_o their_o coronation_n do_v take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o cause_v all_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o be_v faithful_o observe_v according_a to_o the_o former_a institution_n 3_o for_o that_o the_o say_v ancient_a custom_n or_o maxim_n thereof_o be_v inexpugnable_a and_o do_v stand_v of_o their_o own_o authority_n as_o principle_n which_o need_v no_o reason_n to_o confirm_v their_o authority_n as_o the_o law_n of_o solon_n draco_n carondas_n lycurgus_n numa_n pompilius_n and_o the_o law_n of_o twelve_o table_n etc._n etc._n 4_o because_o all_o difference_n and_o controversy_n which_o happen_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n be_v try_v and_o determine_v by_o the_o law_n and_o if_o it_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n or_o by_o the_o judge_n it_o be_v still_o according_a to_o the_o law_n 5_o because_o the_o king_n personal_o give_v not_o any_o judgement_n especial_o when_o himself_o be_v a_o party_n see_v it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v both_o judge_n and_o party_n 6_o for_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o time_n to_o time_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n of_o record_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o chancery_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n which_o do_v sit_v as_o judge_n by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n do_v remain_v authorise_v and_o their_o power_n end_v not_o immediate_o with_o the_o king_n howbeit_o the_o succeed_a king_n do_v confirm_v they_o in_o their_o office_n whereby_o all_o sedition_n be_v prevent_v during_o the_o inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la 7_o for_o that_o with_o indifferency_n without_o regard_n of_o person_n it_o command_v as_o well_o the_o nobility_n and_o other_o person_n of_o dignity_n by_o way_n of_o utlagare_o or_o outlaw_n as_o the_o mean_a subject_n 8_o for_o exercise_v a_o power_n over_o the_o judge_n which_o be_v not_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o law_n but_o by_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o be_v the_o word_n judicium_fw-la properly_z attribute_v to_o their_o determination_n even_o as_o the_o word_n decretum_fw-la be_v understand_v of_o the_o ordinance_n or_o sentence_n of_o the_o magistrate_n follow_v equity_n as_o it_o be_v without_o law_n for_o there_o be_v the_o like_a proportion_n between_o the_o law_n and_o the_o execution_n thereof_o call_v legis_fw-la actio_fw-la as_o there_o be_v between_o equity_n and_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o magistrate_n call_v judicis_fw-la officium_fw-la 9_o for_o that_o the_o officer_n thereof_o be_v authorise_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n and_o due_a execution_n of_o it_o by_o a_o proportionable_a distribution_n namely_o the_o judge_n for_o term_n of_o life_n and_o officer_n subaltern_a change_v from_o year_n to_o year_n to_o the_o end_n the_o administration_n of_o justice_n may_v be_v more_o indifferent_a 10_o for_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o trial_n thereof_o in_o several_a court_n according_a to_o law_n and_o equity_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o agree_v and_o most_o necessary_a discord_n as_o it_o be_v concordi_fw-la discordia_fw-la whereby_o the_o body_n of_o justice_n be_v support_v by_o strive_v as_o the_o stone_n uphold_v a_o vault_n as_o cato_n say_v 11_o for_o that_o the_o judge_n in_o criminal_a cause_n do_v change_v from_o time_n to_o time_n their_o circuit_n and_o inferior_a judge_n of_o the_o court_n do_v execute_v the_o place_n as_o well_o as_o superior_a judge_n whereby_o partiality_n be_v prevent_v 12_o for_o that_o the_o law_n tend_v most_o careful_o for_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o life_n and_o good_n of_o every_o good_a and_o honest_a man_n see_v that_o even_o in_o criminal_a cause_n it_o have_v provide_v as_o much_o as_o may_v stand_v with_o justice_n a_o help_n and_o favour_n permit_v the_o judge_n to_o order_v the_o plead_n of_o offender_n and_o to_o instruct_v they_o to_o avoid_v mispleading_a and_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o except_v against_o the_o juror_n which_o they_o dislike_v 13_o for_o that_o it_o do_v forbid_v the_o sale_n of_o office_n thereby_o intend_v due_a administration_n of_o justice_n for_o where_o office_n be_v sell_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o great_a there_o justice_n be_v common_o sell_v by_o
which_o they_o do_v affect_v plato_n say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n in_o state_n matter_n that_o prince_n do_v not_o only_o give_v law_n unto_o their_o subject_n but_o also_o by_o their_o example_n they_o do_v change_v the_o manner_n of_o man_n man_n the_o example_n of_o prince_n do_v change_v the_o manner_n of_o man_n to_o which_o purpose_n he_o do_v use_v the_o example_n of_o their_o king_n francis_n the_o first_o who_o be_v hurt_v in_o the_o head_n cause_v his_o hair_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o wherein_o the_o people_n do_v present_o imitate_v he_o we_o have_v see_v say_v he_o three_o great_a prince_n strive_v as_o it_o be_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o most_o learned_a man_n and_o best_a artificer_n namely_o the_o say_v great_a king_n francis_n the_o first_o henry_n the_o 8_o king_n of_o england_n and_o pope_n paul_n the_o three_o insomuch_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n can_v never_o have_v the_o learned_a and_o reverend_a beda_n and_o the_o french_a king_n do_v pay_v seventie_o two_o thousand_o crown_n for_o a_o diamond_n rather_o than_o king_n henry_n shall_v have_v have_v it_o hereupon_o present_o the_o people_n do_v give_v themselves_o to_o study_v and_o to_o buy_v precious_a stone_n when_o the_o nobility_n do_v imitate_v the_o king_n and_o when_o the_o king_n give_v over_o the_o same_o the_o price_n of_o they_o be_v much_o abate_v if_o any_o man_n shall_v here_o object_v say_v monsieur_n bodin_n that_o if_o thing_n shall_v still_o become_v dear_a partly_o through_o the_o waste_n and_o partly_o for_o the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n no_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o live_v because_o of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n it_o be_v true_a but_o the_o war_n and_o calamity_n happen_v to_o a_o commonwealth_n do_v stay_v the_o course_n of_o it_o as_o we_o may_v note_v that_o the_o roman_n have_v live_v with_o scarcity_n and_o to_o speak_v proper_o in_o want_n and_o misery_n almost_o five_o hundred_o year_n when_o they_o have_v but_o copper_n money_n of_o a_o pound_n weight_n weight_n copper_n money_n of_o one_o pound_n weight_n and_o without_o stamp_n for_o their_o gold_n and_o silver_n come_v unto_o they_o in_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n by_o the_o spoil_n of_o all_o the_o world_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o rome_n by_o the_o scipion_n paul_n emilyus_fw-la marius_n sylla_n lucullus_n pompey_n and_o caesar_n especial_o by_o the_o two_o last_o for_o pompey_n do_v conquer_v so_o much_o land_n roman_n great_a wealth_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o make_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o be_v eight_o million_o and_o a_o half_a of_o crown_n caesar_n notwithstanding_o all_o his_o prodigality_n bring_v to_o the_o treasury_n forty_o million_o of_o crown_n have_v give_v at_o one_o time_n unto_o paul_n consul_n 900_o thousand_o crown_n to_o hold_v silence_n and_o unto_o curion_n tribune_n 1500_o thousand_o crown_n to_o take_v his_o part_n mark_v anthony_n go_v further_o as_o plutarch_n and_o appian_n have_v write_v for_o he_o give_v unto_o his_o army_n for_o their_o service_n do_v 200_o thousand_o talent_n be_v 120_o million_o of_o crown_n so_o do_v adrian_n the_o emperor_n to_o have_v the_o good_a will_n of_o forty_o legion_n give_v ten_o million_o whereby_o appear_v great_a abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o have_v be_v at_o rome_n but_o it_o do_v not_o last_v ever_o for_o in_o less_o than_o three_o hundred_o year_n the_o parth_n goth_n hercules_n hongres_n and_o other_o cruel_a nation_n do_v overcome_v the_o empire_n and_o all_o italy_n and_o overcome_v the_o roman_n burn_v their_o city_n and_o take_v the_o spoil_n of_o they_o the_o like_a do_v happen_v unto_o all_o commonweal_n to_o wax_n and_o increase_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o to_o flourish_v for_o a_o time_n in_o wealth_n and_o power_n commonweal_n the_o property_n of_o commonweal_n and_o afterward_o to_o grow_v old_a and_o decline_v until_o they_o be_v utter_o ruinate_v and_o destroy_v touch_v the_o last_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n by_o the_o alteration_n of_o money_n he_o show_v how_o monsieur_n malestroit_n have_v mistake_v the_o matter_n in_o the_o money_n themselves_o make_v within_o three_o hundred_o year_n for_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o saint_n lewis_n cause_v the_o first_o sol_n to_o be_v coin_a worth_a twelve_o denier_n whereof_o sixty_o four_o piece_n go_v to_o the_o mark_n weight_n of_o eight_o ounce_n and_o that_o in_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n his_o time_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o flower_n de_fw-fr luce_n without_o number_n and_o as_o good_a as_o the_o crown_n now_o be_v value_v but_o at_o twenty_o sol_n and_o that_o afterwards_o king_n john_n cause_v the_o frankes_n to_o be_v make_v of_o sine_fw-la gold_n which_o be_v but_o value_v twenty_o sol_n and_o that_o the_o sol_n of_o silver_n be_v worth_a five_o of_o our_o sol_n he_o do_v not_o say_v of_o what_o weight_n and_o fineness_n the_o money_n be_v in_o those_o day_n and_o in_o conclusion_n he_o say_v that_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n be_v not_o alter_v by_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n but_o if_o mounseur_fw-fr bodine_n according_a to_o his_o wisdom_n and_o deep_a judgement_n in_o other_o matter_n have_v due_o consider_v of_o these_o two_o paradox_n he_o will_v have_v make_v a_o direct_a answer_n thereunto_o before_o he_o will_v have_v proceed_v in_o his_o former_a discourse_n the_o first_o paradox_n be_v consider_v with_o the_o second_o will_v show_v a_o manifest_a contradiction_n or_o contrariety_n paradox_n the_o contratierie_a of_o the_o paradox_n for_o the_o first_o do_v consist_v in_o give_v of_o more_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o commodity_n now_o than_o in_o time_n past_a which_o he_o deni_v and_o the_o second_o in_o receive_v less_o commodity_n for_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n now_o than_o in_o time_n past_a which_o he_o affirm_v which_o both_o way_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o nature_n of_o commutation_n now_o if_o we_o do_v not_o give_v more_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o commodity_n than_o in_o time_n past_a how_o can_v we_o receive_v less_o commodity_n for_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o thereby_o receive_v a_o loss_n as_o in_o the_o second_o paradox_n be_v allege_v again_o if_o we_o do_v receive_v less_o quantity_n of_o commodity_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o in_o time_n past_a according_a to_o the_o second_o paradox_n whereby_o we_o sustain_v a_o loss_n how_o can_v the_o first_o paradox_n be_v true_a that_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a for_o that_o we_o give_v no_o more_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o in_o time_n past_a commodity_n and_o money_n lie_v by_o this_o comparison_n in_o a_o equal_a balance_n but_o let_v we_o admit_v that_o monsieur_n malestroit_n have_v a_o intention_n which_o he_o may_v have_v express_v in_o few_o word_n if_o he_o have_v the_o true_a ground_n and_o understand_v the_o matter_n he_o go_v about_o by_o prove_v only_o that_o when_o money_n do_v alter_v in_o weight_n or_o in_o fineness_n or_o in_o valuation_n etc._n cause_n of_o the_o denomination_n of_o money_n etc._n etc._n or_o in_o all_o three_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n do_v alter_v only_o by_o denomination_n if_o the_o valuation_n be_v make_v according_o yet_o mounseur_fw-fr bodine_n have_v not_o make_v a_o good_a interpretation_n of_o the_o say_a paradox_n and_o mistake_v the_o true_a ground_n of_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n touch_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n which_o he_o compare_v within_o themselves_o in_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n whereas_o the_o comparison_n ought_v to_o be_v of_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o one_o country_n with_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o other_o country_n and_o thereby_o find_v out_o whether_o thing_n be_v grow_v dear_a with_o we_o or_o with_o they_o in_o effect_n so_o that_o they_o both_o mistake_v their_o ground_n we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o say_a treatise_n that_o they_o have_v lose_v ariadne_n her_o line_n wherewith_o they_o enter_v into_o the_o labyrinth_n of_o money_n and_o their_o property_n before_o declare_v be_v like_a unto_o a_o man_n who_o have_v lose_v his_o way_n among_o the_o wood_n the_o further_o he_o go_v the_o more_o he_o err_v from_o the_o right_a way_n to_o entreat_v therefore_o of_o commodity_n and_o money_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n between_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n be_v not_o sufficient_a but_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o they_o must_v be_v regard_v as_o the_o principal_a and_o overrule_a part_n thereof_o for_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v frame_v a_o silogisme_n in_o manner_n follow_v he_o shall_v find_v the_o same_o full_a of_o fallacy_n and_o misprision_n nay_o a_o very_a dilemma_n nothing_o cause_v merchant_n to_o export_v more_o money_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n than_o they_o bring_v
coin_n which_o be_v of_o late_a year_n establish_v to_o prevent_v the_o inhance_a of_o coin_n and_o yet_o it_o can_v be_v sufficient_a to_o prevent_v the_o say_a incertainty_n of_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n if_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o say_a money_n be_v by_o allay_n of_o copper_n alter_v much_o less_o will_v the_o advice_n give_v that_o merchant_n account_n shall_v no_o more_o be_v keep_v in_o liver_n and_o sou_n but_o in_o french_a crown_n to_o hinder_v the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n which_o in_o some_o country_n be_v secret_o practise_v to_o be_v do_v of_o mere_a policy_n when_o by_o public_a authority_n it_o be_v forbid_v and_o may_v be_v effect_v as_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n and_o other_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n where_o the_o money_n be_v not_o enhance_v between_o man_n and_o man_n and_o remain_v currant_n according_a to_o their_o price_n until_o the_o king_n authority_n do_v alter_v the_o valuation_n by_o proclamation_n albeit_o by_o exchange_n it_o be_v not_o so_o and_o therefore_o according_a to_o my_o three_o paradox_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o imaginary_a money_n in_o exchange_n do_v over-rule_v the_o substantial_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la paradox_n the_o three_o paradox_n for_o the_o merchant_n valuation_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_n do_v over-rule_v the_o king_n valuation_n of_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n for_o when_o the_o king_n have_v value_v the_o shilling_n piece_n at_o twelve_o penny_n merchant_n undervalue_v the_o same_o in_o exchange_n at_o 11_o ½_n d_o and_z 11_o d_o not_o only_o in_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n but_o also_o receive_v beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o enhanced_a money_n above_o their_o value_n and_o not_o value_v of_o they_o in_o exchange_n according_o as_o before_o have_v be_v observe_v concern_v the_o valuation_n of_o money_n and_o the_o imaginary_a coin_n or_o rather_o money_n whereupon_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o so_o many_o several_a place_n the_o late_a earl_n of_o donfermel_v lord_n chancellor_n of_o scotland_n do_v propound_v unto_o the_o king_n majesty_n in_o the_o year_n 1610_o donfermel_v proposition_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o donfermel_v a_o certain_a proposition_n touch_v the_o inhaunce_n of_o gold_n his_o lordship_n be_v of_o a_o excellent_a judgement_n in_o mint_n affair_n that_o the_o french_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o go_v never_o in_o england_n to_o use_v his_o own_o phrase_n all_o queen_n elizabeth_n time_n above_o six_o shilling_n english_a money_n go_v now_o for_o seven_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n and_o that_o the_o english_a double_a sovereign_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n go_v in_o france_n for_o eleven_o francque_n or_o twenty_o two_o shilling_n and_o that_o both_o way_n there_o have_v be_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o standard_n whereupon_o he_o do_v demand_v in_o write_v what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o say_a difference_n or_o alteration_n if_o this_o proceed_v say_v he_o from_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o gold_n that_o it_o be_v better_a in_o fineness_n and_o allay_n or_o in_o weight_n or_o from_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o silver_n that_o it_o be_v worse_o than_o it_o be_v either_o in_o finesse_n &_o allay_n or_o in_o weight_n then_o be_v the_o cause_n intrinsic_a and_o substantial_a and_o may_v be_v easy_o consider_v and_o resolve_v if_o it_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n to_o be_v entertain_v maintain_v and_o set_v forward_o or_o reject_v and_o stay_v from_o all_o further_a course_n if_o there_o be_v any_o other_o cause_n or_o reason_n it_o must_v of_o force_n be_v extrinsicke_a and_o accidental_a let_v the_o same_o be_v search_v out_o if_o it_o be_v good_a to_o the_o prince_n and_o estate_n weal_n and_o commodity_n it_o shall_v be_v assist_v and_o continue_v if_o it_o be_v try_v evil_a proceed_v from_o the_o policy_n and_o craft_n of_o tradesman_n tend_v only_o to_o private_a gain_n and_o commodity_n prejudicial_a to_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n to_o be_v gainestood_v and_o expel_v this_o proportion_n be_v send_v unto_o i_o by_o a_o great_a personage_n then_o in_o high_a place_n be_v make_v plain_a by_o demonstration_n to_o proceed_v of_o a_o accidental_a cause_n by_o advance_v the_o valuation_n of_o gold_n partly_o in_o england_n when_o crown_n gold_n be_v value_v from_o fifty_o five_o shilling_n the_o ounce_n to_o three_o pound_n and_o partly_o in_o france_n when_o they_o do_v advance_v the_o french_a crown_n in_o specie_fw-la five_o sou_n advise_v therewithal_o that_o to_o remedy_v the_o same_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v do_v by_o inhaunce_v of_o our_o gold_n still_o more_o and_o more_o but_o in_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n between_o france_n and_o we_o otherwise_o we_o shall_v underualue_n too_o much_o the_o silver_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o our_o exceed_a loss_n show_v withal_o how_o easy_o this_o may_v be_v do_v without_o alteration_n of_o the_o proportion_n observe_v between_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o most_o place_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v approve_v and_o crown_n gold_n be_v more_o enhance_v to_o sixty_o six_o shilling_n the_o ounce_n by_o two_o several_a proclamation_n 1611._o november_n 1611._o which_o have_v prove_v the_o loss_n of_o our_o silver_n in_o bullion_n or_o weighty_a coin_n daily_a breed_n great_a inconvenience_n by_o the_o want_n of_o our_o money_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o undervaluation_n in_o exchange_n and_o not_o by_o undervaluation_n in_o specie_fw-la be_v continual_o export_v none_o import_v but_o divert_v by_o gain_n for_o other_o place_n as_o have_v be_v declare_v all_o which_o come_v to_o pass_v for_o want_v of_o true_a judgement_n and_o experience_n in_o mint_n affair_n with_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o say_v essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n so_o often_o mention_v whereof_o i_o hope_v that_o in_o general_a meeting_n for_o the_o public_a more_o regard_n will_v be_v have_v to_o the_o end_n it_o be_v not_o record_v of_o we_o as_o it_o have_v be_v of_o some_o parlement_n in_o france_n that_o in_o populi_fw-la republica_fw-la sententiae_fw-la numerantur_fw-la non_fw-la ponderantur_fw-la and_o then_o we_o shall_v be_v say_v to_o understand_v the_o par_fw-fr by_o right_a distinction_n between_o the_o active_a and_o passive_a 3._o pâ—ys_n 3._o lib._n ca._n 3._o aristotle_n say_v that_o action_n and_o passion_n be_v mere_o relative_n and_o that_o they_o differ_v no_o more_o than_o the_o way_n from_o thebes_n to_o athens_n and_o from_o athens_n to_o thebes_n let_v we_o discern_v therefore_o the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o as_o the_o liver_n money_n minister_v spirit_n to_o the_o heart_n commodity_n and_o the_o heart_n to_o the_o brain_n exchange_n so_o do_v the_o brain_n exchange_n minister_v to_o the_o whole_a microcosm_n or_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o traffic_n let_v the_o heart_n therefore_o by_o the_o liver_n receive_v his_o tintured_a chylus_n by_o his_o own_o mouth_n and_o stomach_n and_o the_o blood_n full_a of_o spirit_n shall_v fill_v all_o the_o vein_n and_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o money_n the_o easy_a course_n and_o recourse_n of_o who_o exchange_n shall_v bring_v all_o thing_n in_o tune_n &_o serve_v all_o man_n turn_n for_o even_o as_o there_o be_v two_o course_n observe_v of_o the_o sun_n sun_n two_o course_n of_o exchange_n like_o the_o two_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o one_o annual_a and_o the_o other_o by_o daily_a declination_n rise_v and_o go_v under_o within_o the_o aecliptique_a line_n even_o so_o must_v we_o observe_v in_o exchange_n two_o course_n the_o one_o according_a to_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n the_o other_o rise_v or_o fall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o have_v be_v sufficient_o declare_v whereof_o the_o say_v aristotle_n seneca_n nor_o cicero_n nor_o any_o other_o philosopher_n or_o orator_n can_v take_v notice_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o trade_n exchange_v not_o be_v then_o invent_v neither_o do_v we_o find_v that_o any_o temporal_a or_o civil_a 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and_o equality_n of_o money_n domestical_a and_o foreign_a aforesaid_a a_o most_o easy_a remedy_n aâ—_n aforesaid_a and_o to_o let_v all_o merchant_n exchange_v one_o with_o another_o by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o they_o now_o do_v and_o can_v agree_v among_o themselves_o but_o never_o under_o that_o price_n see_v it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n nature_n and_o policy_n to_o undervalue_v the_o king_n money_n by_o exchange_n and_o all_o the_o commodity_n according_o to_o the_o incredible_a loss_n of_o the_o realm_n will_v not_o this_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o be_v do_v as_o we_o see_v the_o rudder_n of_o a_o ship_n do_v govern_v the_o great_a carrack_n or_o vessel_n be_v but_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o timber_n fasten_v upon_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o keelne_v of_o the_o ship_n whereby_o it_o be_v direct_v according_a to_o all_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n as_o we_o have_v say_v elsewhere_o let_v the_o practice_n hereof_o assure_v we_o and_o we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o seek_v the_o golden_a fleece_n in_o colchos_n which_o we_o have_v within_o our_o own_o island_n of_o great_a britannia_n our_o feeble_a pulse_n will_v be_v feel_v when_o our_o hammer_n shall_v beat_v in_o the_o mint_n for_o money_n and_o bullion_n be_v to_o the_o state_n a_o second_o life_n if_o any_o hedgmint_n for_o so_o do_v the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o the_o netherlands_o call_v the_o mint_n of_o petty_a lord_n bâ—_n hedgemint_n what_o they_o bâ—_n which_o by_o falsify_v standard_n do_v imitate_v to_o coin_v the_o money_n of_o other_o prince_n shall_v seek_v to_o maintain_v inequality_n all_o their_o imagination_n will_v prove_v to_o be_v but_o chimera_n and_o toy_n for_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a for_o the_o king_n to_o alter_v the_o price_n of_o this_o equality_n of_o exchange_n according_o than_o it_o be_v for_o a_o miller_n to_o turn_v his_o mill_n to_o grind_v his_o corn_n with_o all_o wind_n insomuch_o that_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v once_o establish_v and_o know_v there_o will_v not_o want_v some_o backbiter_n or_o momus_n to_o make_v little_a estimation_n of_o this_o columbus_n voyage_n to_o the_o rich_a india_n and_o go_v about_o to_o disgrace_v this_o great_a service_n to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n for_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o set_v a_o egg_n on_o the_o end_n by_o way_n of_o imitation_n as_o other_o do_v when_o they_o see_v it_o do_v before_o money_n prerogative_n royal_a to_o set_v a_o price_n for_o money_n by_o these_o mean_n shall_v the_o ancient_a office_n of_o the_o king_n royal_a exchanger_n be_v supply_v and_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a prerogative_n the_o king_n have_v to_o set_v down_o a_o price_n on_o his_o own_o coin_n and_o thereby_o to_o give_v a_o certain_a measure_n to_o buy_v and_o sell_v which_o be_v by_o the_o merchant_n exchange_n and_o connivance_n of_o toleration_n by_o foreign_a state_n abridge_v and_o in_o a_o manner_n frustrate_v and_o it_o import_v the_o king_n more_o to_o reform_v this_o exchange_n than_o any_o other_o prince_n because_o god_n have_v so_o bless_v england_n that_o no_o nation_n of_o christendom_n traffick_v so_o much_o in_o bulk_n of_o staple_n commodity_n as_o this_o realm_n which_o boter_n though_o altogether_o spanish_a in_o time_n past_a and_o no_o friend_n to_o england_n confess_v that_o two_o year_n before_o the_o take_n of_o antuerp_n 1584._o an._n 1584._o all_o the_o ware_n of_o christendom_n be_v value_v and_o sum_v by_o the_o officer_n of_o that_o city_n which_o be_v vent_v there_o in_o one_o year_n the_o whole_a be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n the_o english_a amount_v to_o four_o part_n thereof_o which_o be_v the_o cause_n also_o that_o england_n have_v the_o head_n of_o exchange_n exchange_n the_o basis_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v our_o basis_n and_o foundation_n of_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a whereupon_o most_o exchange_n be_v make_v and_o this_o head_n may_v command_v the_o member_n and_o part_n of_o the_o body_n more_o convenient_o by_o the_o king_n commandment_n as_o before_o have_v be_v declare_v i_o have_v in_o this_o chapter_n think_v convenient_a to_o remember_v this_o important_a matter_n again_o with_o a_o variety_n of_o stile_n to_o revive_v and_o recreate_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o reader_n to_o the_o end_n all_o the_o premise_n may_v in_o his_o apprehension_n and_o conceit_n give_v more_o delight_n and_o pleasure_n even_o to_o natural_a mother_n wit_n who_o commendation_n may_v not_o be_v omit_v chap._n xix_o the_o due_a commendation_n of_o natural_a mother_n wit._n for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o humane_a action_n be_v fall_v from_o perfection_n to_o imperfection_n be_v to_o ascend_v again_o from_o imperfection_n to_o some_o measure_n of_o perfection_n natural_a mother_n wit_n cast_v her_o eye_n back_o per_fw-la varios_fw-la casus_fw-la per_fw-la tot_fw-la discrimina_fw-la rerum_fw-la challenge_v the_o precedency_n of_o art_n by_o way_n of_o prosopopeia_fw-la by_o her_o ingenious_a observation_n of_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n under_o which_o she_o have_v note_v that_o all_o substantial_a thing_n under_o the_o cope_n of_o heaven_n be_v subject_a who_o will_v deny_v say_v the_o intellectual_a part_n of_o wit_n that_o even_o as_o forma_fw-la that_o esse_fw-la rei_fw-la so_o i_o cause_v dame_n nature_n to_o perform_v her_o function_n by_o produce_v spot_a lamb_n when_o i_o overcome_v the_o eyesight_n in_o generation_n 37_o gen._n 30._o ver_fw-la 37_o so_o when_o the_o tooth_n of_o infant_n come_v forth_o orderly_a and_o conjoin_v by_o my_o observation_n be_v they_o make_v a_o object_n for_o the_o tongue_n to_o play_v upon_o do_v not_o i_o teach_v those_o that_o can_v not_o pronounce_v the_o letter_n r_o to_o lay_v little_a pimble_a stone_n under_o their_o tongue_n to_o elevate_v the_o same_o to_o make_v they_o apt_a thereunto_o as_o also_o to_o cause_v the_o ligament_n to_o be_v break_v without_o which_o the_o grammarian_n can_v ascribe_v to_o himself_o 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they_o famous_a according_a to_o the_o proverb_n nascimur_fw-la poetae_fw-la fimus_fw-la oratores_fw-la but_o now_o art_n step_v in_o rhetorica_fw-la rhetorica_fw-la and_o claim_v the_o honour_n of_o rhetoric_n as_o devise_v by_o she_o with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o facundity_n and_o fluency_n of_o speech_n and_o be_v call_v ornatus_fw-la persuasio_fw-la whereunto_o the_o celerity_n of_o wit_n occur_v say_v soft_a sir_n do_v not_o take_v i_o to_o be_v all_o wit_n without_o wisdom_n like_v unto_o tree_n full_a of_o fair_a leaf_n without_o fruit_n arithmetica_fw-la arithmetica_fw-la for_o lo_o yonder_o come_v arithmetic_n which_o be_v the_o original_n and_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o seven_o liberal_a science_n or_o art_n without_o which_o none_o of_o they_o can_v subsist_v her_o poesy_n be_v par_n &_o impar_fw-la this_o foundation_n be_v lay_v by_o i_o among_o the_o heathen_n and_o unlearned_a creature_n of_o america_n and_o other_o country_n to_o demonstrate_v number_n by_o finger_n and_o toe_n tell_v two_o three_o four_o and_o so_o to_o ten_o than_o ten_o and_o one_o and_o ten_o and_o two_o and_o so_o forth_o still_o make_v sign_n as_o they_o speak_v and_o when_o they_o will_v reckon_v twenty_o they_o will_v hold_v down_o both_o their_o hand_n to_o their_o foot_n show_v all_o their_o finger_n and_o toe_n and_o as_o the_o number_n be_v great_a so_o will_v they_o double_v and_o augment_v the_o sign_n observe_v the_o same_o by_o a_o little_a bundle_n of_o stick_n lay_v or_o tie_v together_o and_o separate_v a_o sunder_o observe_v thereby_o their_o payment_n and_o promise_n according_a to_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n this_o be_v that_o account_v by_o score_n yet_o use_v whereof_o their_o arithmetic_n give_v denomination_n before_o any_o of_o the_o say_a art_n be_v invent_v and_o this_o be_v proper_o to_o be_v attribute_v unto_o i_o ab_fw-la origine_fw-la for_o i_o have_v note_v that_o in_o thing_n create_v and_o engender_v the_o element_n be_v
purpose_n as_o by_o the_o grant_n appear_v this_o licence_n they_o in_o short_a time_n pervert_v to_o the_o great_a disturbance_n of_o the_o ancient_a course_n of_o the_o staple_n whereby_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o realm_n great_o decline_v and_o the_o king_n custom_n decrease_v so_o that_o from_o 160_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a pay_v out_o of_o the_o staple_n the_o custom_n come_v short_a of_o 120_o thousand_o pound_n becket_n the_o fraternity_n of_o saint_n thomas_n of_o becket_n these_o new_a merchant_n term_v themselves_o the_o fraternity_n of_o saint_n thomas_n of_o becket_n be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o by_o direction_n under_o the_o great_a scale_n of_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o prohibit_v from_o do_v any_o act_n that_o may_v prejudice_n the_o staple_n and_o so_o it_o continue_v until_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o and_o then_o there_o be_v another_o great_a complaint_n in_o parliament_n 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