Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	duke_n	earl_n	son_n	8,862	5	5.4006	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A60673	Britain's glory, and England's bravery wherein is shewed the degrees of honour from the prince to the peasant, with the honour of the nobles, and previleges of the commons, the proper places and precedency of all persons from the throne to the bondman, more particularly in coronations, processions, feasts, funerals and other great assembly : as also honour of arms, power of heralds, signification of charges in coat-armour, with an armorial dictionary, explaining the terms of heraldry, and an account of all the orders of knighthood in Christendom, and of the weights and measures of England : to which is added a continuation of The historians guide, from November, 1687, where the third and last impression ends, to June, 1687 / being the collections and observations of Benjamine Smithurst.	Smithurst, Benjamine.	1689 (1689)	Wing S4356; ESTC R31948	77,938	230

the happy Restauration it was solemnly ordered that the Son and Heir Apparent to the Crown of England should bear his Coronet of Crosses and Flower-de-luces with one Arch a Ball and Cross thereon as the King 's By Order of Common Law the King might levy a reasonable Aid of his Subjects for the Knighting his Eldest Son at the Age of fifteen years and to marry his Daughter at seven years which Aid was twenty Shillings for every Knight's Fee and as much for every twenty pounds per Annum in Soccage but this is now laid aside CHAP IV. Of Dukes THe Title and Degree of Duke hath been of more ancient standing in the Empire and some other Nations than in England for the first English Duke was Edward the Black Prince who was created Duke of Cornwall Anno. 1337. by which Creation the eldest Son of the King is Duke of Cornwall from his Birth or his Father's coming to the Crown A Duke takes his Name à Ducendo from Leading being at first a Leader of the Royal Army but now it is a Title given by Kings to Persons of high Bloud and excellent Merit and at this day the Sovereign Princes of some Countries are called Dukes as of Moscovoy Savoy Florence Saxony c. At their Creation they have two Ensigns of Honour and so have most other Noble men to signifie their Duty First their Heads are adorned with a Chapeau or Head Attire of Scarlet Colour doubled or lined with Ermin And Secondly a Sword which is girt about him which shews his readiness to serve and defend his Prince his Mantle over his shoulders is guarded with four guards or Folds of Ermin his Coronet is of Gold set round with Leaves the Cap is of Crimson but not indented as the Prince's is unless he be of the Bloud Royal and his Verge is of Gold Dukes of the Bloud Royal have their Coronet's composed of Crosses and Flower de-luces and are reputed as Arch-Dukes A Duke tantum or no more but Duke takes place before Marquess and Earl but if a Duke be Marquess and Earl or either of them then he shall take place before such Duke tantum Note Dukes Marquesses and Earls at their Creation are girt with a Sword or else it is put over their Shoulders which Viscounts and Barons have not A Duke out of the King 's or Prince's presence may have a Cloth of State hanging down within half a yard of the Ground his Duchess may have the same and her Train born up by a Baroness No Earl without Permission ought to wash with a Duke Dukes Eldest Sons by the Courtesie of England are from their Birth styled Marquesses and the younger Sons Lords and and take place of Viscounts but not so privileg'd by the Laws of the Land. A Duke hath the Title of Grace being written unto he is styled Most High Most Noble and Potent Prince also Right Noble Dukes of the Bloud are styled Most High Most Mighty and Illustrious Princes The Ceremonies at his Creation are these He hath his Sur-coat and Hood and is led between two of the Noblest Persons present not being above him a little before him on the Right-hand goeth an Earl with the Cap of State and Coronet on it on the other side an Earl with the Verge Just before him one of the greatest Estate as Marquess c. bearing his Sword and before him an Earl bearing his Mantle and Robe of State all which Nobles must be in their Robes His Title is proclaimed twice and Largus thrice His Honour is Hereditary as is all the Nobles unless otherwise Provided in their Patent which is rare Lastly a Duke may constitute six Chaplains CHAP. V. Of a Marquess A Marquess by the Saxons called Marken Reeve i. e. a Governor or Ruler of the Marches hath the next place of Honour to a Duke This Title came in first by Richard the 2d who created Robert Vere Marquess of Dublin whereas before they that governed the Marches were entituled Earl of March which Marches were those Grounds between England and Wales and are now reduced into the Counties and Shires of Monmouth Brecknock Radnor Denbigh and Mountgomery At his Creation he is honoured with a Coronet of Gold composed of a Strawberry Leaf and a Point pearled of equal hight round his Mantle hath three folds or doublings and a half his Eldest Son is by Courtesie called Earl or Lord of his Father's Title his younger only Lord John Thomas or the like His Title is Most Noble Most Honourable and Potent Prince If the King Prince or a Duke be absent he may have a Cloath of State to reach within a yard of the Ground his Marchioness may have her Train born up by a Knight's Lady in her own house but not in the presence of a Duchess his eldest Son shall wear as many powderings as an Earl but must give place to an Earl and his Wife to a Countess but may sit above all Marquess Daughters the Eldest whereof is born Countess and the rest Ladies At his Creation he must have his Surcoat and Hood He is led by Marquesses his Sword Cap c. are born by Earls CHAP VI. Of an Earl. THE Dignity of an Earl is either local or personal local as from some place as Oxford c. or personal as Earl Marshal Earl Rivers c. Hugh Lupus was the first Hereditary Earl Anno 1067. made so by William the First who created him Earl of Chester and gave him Jura Regalia within the said County An Earl is created by Letters Patents and adorned with a Cap of Honour and a Coronet of Gold composed of Leaves and Points pearled the Leaves lower than the Points He hath his Hood Surcoat and Mantle of State with three Guards of Furr being Ermin upon his Shoulders though some say it ought to be white he is girt with a Sword also When the King writes to a Duke Marquess or Earl he styles them Cosins though of no Kin. Formerly they had the Title of Prince but now it is Most Potent and Noble Lord Right Honourable Truly Noble c. Out of his Superiour's presence he may have a Cloth of State fringed but without Pendents his Wife may have her Train born by an Esquire's Wife but not in the presence of a Marchioness CHAP. VII Of a Viscount THe next Degree of Honour is a Viscount formerly a name of Office under an Earl who being the immediate Officer of the King in the County and his personal Attendence at Court often required he had his Deputy to look after the Affairs of the County which Office is now called Vice-comes or Sheriff but in the 18th of Henry VI. it became a Degree of Honour conferred upon John Beaumont by Letters Patents as all since are He hath his Surcoat and Mantle which hath two Guards and an half of white Fur His Coronet is set round with Pearls or Balls close to the Ring without number but close together He hath the Title of

account Sometimes England hath had the precedency and the Archbishop of Canterbury had place at the Pope's right Foot Mr. Howel in his Discourse concerning Ambassadours gives divers Reasons for the Precedency of England That it was the first Land that was governed by a Christian King That it hath wholly subdued France and the Kings of England have been crowned in Paris That it hath the best Havens in Christendom c. 2. The Precedency of the several Degrees in England are as follows 1 The King 's most Excellent Majesty 2 The Prince when there is One. 3 The Dukes of the Royal Bloud who are 1 Sons 2 Grand-Sons 3 Brothers 4 Unckles 5 Nephews Then the great Officers of the Church and Crown as 4 The Archibishop of Canterbury 5 Lord Chancellour or Lord Keeper of the Great Seal 6 Archbishop of York 7 Lord Treasurer 8 Lord President of the Council 9 Lord Privy Seal Then the rest of the Nobility as 10 Dukes 11 Dukes eldest Sons of the Royal Bloud 12 Marquesses 13 Dukes eldest Sons 14 Earls 15 Marquesses eldest Sons 16 Dukes younger Sons of the Bloud 17 Dukes younger Sons Royal. 18 Viscounts 19 Earls eldest Sons 20 Marquesses younger Sons 21 Bishops which take place according to the Seniority of their Consecration except 1 London 2 Durham 3 Winchester 22 Barons 23 Viscounts eldest Sons 24 Earls younger Sons 25 Barons eldest Sons 26 Lords of the Privy Council 27 Judges and they 1 Of the King's Bench. 2 Of the Common Pleas. 3 Barons of the Exchequer 28 Masters of Chancery 29 Knights of the Garter if no otherways dignified which is very rare 30 Viscounts younger Sons 31 Barons younger Sons 32 Knights Bannerets 33 Baronets 34 Knights of the Bath 35 Knights Bachelours 36 Colonels first Horse then Foot. 37 Serjeants at Law. 38 Doctors 1 Divinity 2 Law 3 Physick 39 Esquires according to their Degree 1 Esquires of the King's Body 2 The Descendents by the Male Line from some Peer of the Realm 3 Eldest Sons of Baronets 4 Eldest Sons of Knights 5 Esquires attending on the Knights of the Bath 6 Officiary Esquires as 40 Justices of the Peace 41 Barristers at Law. 42 Lieutenant Collonels 43 Majors 44 Captains 45 Gentlemen 46 Yeomen 47 Artificers 48 Merchants 49 Retailers 50 Chapmen 51 Mariners 52 Fishermen 53 Water-men or Ferry-men 54 Masons and Builders 55 Labourers 56 Bondmen Note generally 1. That these great Officers of Court of what Title or Degree soever besides that of their Place or Office do take place of all others of the same Degree or Title except Secretary of State that is if they be Dukes they take place of all Dukes if Earls of all Earls that is 1. Lord Chamberlain of England 2. Lord High Constable 3. Lord Marshal 4. Lord High Steward 5. Lord Chamberlain of His Majesties Houshold 6. Secretaries of State if Peers Note 2. These Officers take place as followeth 1. Master of the Wards 2. Chancellour 3. Under-Chancellour of the Exchequer 4. Chancellour of the Duchy 5. Chief Justice of the King's-Bench 6. Master of the Rolls 7. Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. 8. Chief Baron of the Exchequer 9. Judges 10. Barons of the Coif Note 3. That Deans precede Chancellours and they precede Prebendaries and Prebendaries precede Doctours Note 4. All Artificers of London take place according to the Precedency of the Corporation of which they are free and not by their Trade or Profession The incorporated Merchants take place next after the first 12 Companies as some account then the rest according to the number they bear 13 14 and so on CHAP. XXII The Procession at a Coronation THE most magnificent Procession that I meet with was that at the Coronation of King Charles II. of happy Memory which take as follows From the Tower to Westminster 1. The Duke of York's Horse-Guards 2. The Messengers of the Chamber 3. Esquires to the Knights of the Bath 4. Knights Harbingers 5. Serjeant Portar 6. Sewers of the Chamber 7. Gentlemen Ushers 8. Quarter Waiters 9. The six Clerks in Chancery 10. Clerks of the Signet 11. Clerks of the Privy Seal 12. Clerks of the Council 13. Clerks of the Parliament 14. Clerks of the Crown 15. Chaplains having Dignities 16. The King's Advocate 17. The King's Remembrancer 18. Masters of the Chancery 19. King 's Learned Counsel at Law. 20. King's Puisne Serjeants 21. King's Attorney 22. King's Sollicitour 23. King's eldest Serjeants 24. Secretaries of the French Latine 25. Gentlemen Ushers 26. Daily Waiters 27. Sewers in Ordinary 28. Carvers in Ordinary 29. Cup Bearers in Ordinary 30. Esquires of the Body 31. Masters of Standing Offices as 1. Of the Tents 2. Of the Revels 3. Of the Ceremonies 4. Of the Armory 5. Of the Wardrobe 6. Of the Ordinance 32. Master of the Requests 33. Chamberlains of the Exchequer 34. Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber 35. Knights of the Bath 36. Knight Marshal 37. Treasurer of the Chamber 38. Master of the Jewel-house 39. Barons younger Sons 40. Viscounts younger Sons 41. Barons of the Exchequer 42. Justices of the Common Pleas. 43. Justices of the King 's Bench. 44. Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer 45. Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. 46. Master of the Rolls 47. Lord Chief Justice of the King 's Bench. 48. Knights of the Privy Council 49. Principal Secretary 50. Barons eldest Sons 51. Earls younger Sons 52. Viscounts eldest Sons Kettle-Drums King's Trumpeter 2 Pursivants at Arms. 53. Barons 54. Maquesses younger Sons 55. Earls eldest Sons Two Pursuvants at Arms. 56. Viscounts 57. Dukes younger Sons 58. Marquesses eldest Sons Two Heralds in their Coats and Collars of SS 59. Earls and the Earl Marshal 60. Lord Chamberlain of the Houshold 61. Dukes eldest Sons Two Heralds 62. Marquesses Two Heralds 63. Dukes Clarenceux Norroy Kings at Arms. 64. Lord Treasurer 65. Lord Chancellour 66. Lord High Steward Duke of Normandy and Duke of Aquitain represented by two Persons 67. Gentleman Usher Garter King at Arms. 68. Lord Mayor of London 69. Duke of York 70. Lord Great Chamberlain 71. Lord Marshal with the Sword. 72. Lord High Steward On each side of these Serjeants at Arms. The KING 73. Gentlemen Pensioners Esquires Footmen 74. Master of the Horse leading a spare Horse 75. Vicechamberlain 76. Captain of the Pensioners 77. Captain of the Guards 78. Lieutenant of the Pensioners 79. King's Horse guards 80. The General 's Horse-guards CHAP. XXIII The Proceeding on the Coronation-day FOur Drums Sixteen Trumpets 1 Clerks of the Chancery 2 King's Chaplains having Dignities 3 Aldermen of London 4 King's Counsel learned in the Laws 5 King's Sollicitour 6 King's Attorney 7 King 's eldest Serjeant at Law. 8 Esquires of the Body 9 Master of Requests 10 Gentlemen of the Privy Council 11 Knights of the Bath 12 Barons of the Exchequer 13 Justices of the Common Pleas. 14 Justices of the King 's Bench. 15 Lord Chief Baron 16 Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. 17 Master of the

the French Ambassadour made his publick entrance into Dublin and had his Audience of K. James II. at the Castle The Irish beat by a Sally made by the Protestants out of Colerain Charles Viscount Mordant since Earl of Monmouth Henry Lord de la Mere Sidney Lord Godolphin Sir Hen. Capell Rich. Hambden Sen. Esq made Commissioners of the Treasury Jonathan Lord Bishop of Bristol elected Bishop of Exeter K. William passed the Act for the Coronation Oath and 2 Acts more Dyed at Rome Queen Christiana of Sweedland Prince George of Denmark made Baron of Ockingham Earl of Kendale and Duke of Cumberland The Marquess of Winchester made Duke of Bolton William Bentinek Esq made Baron of Cyrencester Viscount Woodstock and Earl of Portland Viscount Faulconberg made Earl of Faulconberg Viscount Mordant made Earl of Monmouth Lord Mountague made Viscount Mounthermer and Earl of Mountague Lord Churchill made Earl of Marlborough Henry Sidney Esq made Baron Milton Viscount Sidney of Sheppy in Kent Lord Lumley made Viscount Lumley of Lumley-Castle in Durham Lord Cholmondly made Baron of Cholmondly of Wich Malbanch alias Nantwich in Cheshire Tho. Pilkington Esq Lord Mayor of London Knighted Sir Geo. Hewit made Baron of James-Town and Viscount Goran in Ireland K. William and Q. Mary crowned at Westminster by the Bishop of London and the day kept with great Ceremony in most of the chief Towns in England The House of Commons walked on foot from Westminster to White-hall to congratulate their Majesties on their Coronations Admiral Herbert arrived at Kingsale in Ireland George Jeffereys Baron of Wemm and late Lord Chancellour of England dyed in the Tower of London and was buried in the Tower privately the Sunday night following by an Order his Relations got from K. William The Sieur de Schmittan Envoy extraordinary from the Duke of Brandenburgh had Audience of the King and Queen at Hampton-Court George Booth Esq Sir Richard Temple Sir John Worden Sir Robert Southwell Sir Robert Clayton Sir Patience Ward made Commissioners of the Customs The Lords Address to K. William to sapport the Church of England and to call a Convocation Sir Henry Fane Sir Hen. Ashurst Sir Hum. Edwin Tho. Frankland Esq Fran. Parry Esq John Danvers Esq and John Wilcox Jun. Esq made Commissioners for the Excise The Earl of Danby made Marquess of Caermarthen K. William passed six Acts of Parliament An Address of the House of Commons to K. William for a War with France and the King's Answer to it The Baron de Schutz Envoy extraordinary from the Dukes of Lunenburgh c. had Audience of their Majesties at Hampton-Court Two Proclamations came out 1. To incourage French Protestants 2. For prohibiting French Goods The Estates of Scotland named the Earl of Argyle Sir James Montgomery and Sir John Dalrimple to go Commissiones for England to offer the Crown of Scotland to K. William and Q. Mary which was done accordingly on the 11th of May in great solemnity in the Banqueting House at Whitehall to which place the Commissioners came by Post Arrived at Portsmouth the Wolf from Virginia having on Board the Lord Howard of Effingham Governour of Virginia K. William put out two Proclamations for prohibiting Seamen to serve foreign Princes c. May K. William passed at Westminster the Poll Act and two more A Fight betwixt Admiral Herbert and the French at Bantry Bay in the N.W. of Ireland The Estates of Scotland adjourned to the 21st instant A Call of Serjeants viz. Sir Hen. Pollexfen Nich. Lechmore Tho. Rookesby John Thurburn Will. Wogan Will. Pawlet Nath. Bond Gyles Eyres Hen. Hatsell John Blencow Peyton Ventris John Powell Roger Bellwood John Tremain John Trenchard and John Turton Esqs The same day the Judges were constituted viz. Sir John Holt Ch. Just Sir W. Dolben Sir W. Gregory and Gyles Eyres Esq of the King's-Bench Sir Henry Pollexfen Ch. Just Sir John Powell Tho Rookesby and Pe●ton Ventris Esqs of the Common Pleas Sir Robert Atkinson Ch. Baron Sir Ed. Nevile Nich. Lechmore and John Turton Esqs of the Exchequer John Trenchard Esq Ch. Just of Chester Sir Geo. Treby Attorney General John Summers Esq Sollicitor General The Plate Fleet arrived in the Downs richly laden A Declaration of War against France came out A Proclamation against a Libell called The History of the Convention offering 100 l. reward to discover Author or Printer The Thanksgiving-day was kept in Scotland for their Deliverance from Popery and Slavery K. William gave his Royal Assent to five Acts at Westminster A Proclamation for appointing Commissioners for the Poll Act and another to prevent false Musters K. William came to Portsmouth and on board the Elizabeth Frigot dined with Admiral Herbert where he declared his Royal intention to make Admiral Herbert an Earl and there Knighted Capt. John Ashby and Capt. Clowdes Shovell and the King returned that Evening to Hampton-Court after giving 2600 l. amongst the wounded c. Seamen A great Sally by the Protestants at Londonderry with success George Lord Melvill made sole Secretary of State in Scotland Frederick Count de Schomberg made General of all his Majesty's Forces Master General of the Ordinance and of his Majesty's Privy Council Baron of Teys Earl of Brantford marquess of Harwich and Duke of Schomberg About 120 Seamen came Voluntiers from Norwich to serve his Majesty and about 150 more went by Land to Portsmouth on the same account Robert Casor Master of the Advice a Cole Ship beat two French Prizes Sir Robert Wright late Lord Chief Justice dyed in Newgate The Assistence Frigot came into Plymouth with the Body of the late Duke of Albemarle K. William's Declaration with an Order of Council for encouraging Seamen K. William's Proclamation for a Fast to be kept about London on the fifth of June on the 19th all England over K. William gave his Royal Assent to the Act for Toleration of Dissenters and two Acts more The Estates of Scotland read K. William's Letter to make them a Convention which they acccepted with thanks and adjourned to June 5. and ordered all their Members to meet then The Heer 's Engelenburg Witsen Odyck Citters and Dyckvelt Ambassadours extraordinary from Holland made their publick Entrance and on the 30th had their publick Audience at the Banquetting House at Whitehall K. William gave his Royal Assent to two Acts of Parliament Vice-Admiral Almonde arrived at Portsmouth with part of the Dutch Fleet. The Scanderoon Fleet came to Plymouth The Dutchess of Albemarle arrived at Plymouth from Jamaica The Duke of Somerset was installed Chancellour of Cambridge at Northumberland House in the Strand Major General Kirke set Sail from High-lake nigh Leverpole with his Forces for London-Derry June Admiral Herbert created Earl of Torrington and Baron Herbert of Torbay The Assistant Frigat with fourteen Merchant men from the West-Indies came into the Downs John Ashburnham Esq Created Baron Ashburnham of Ashburn-Hall in Sussex The Dutch Ambassadours had Audience The Dutch Fleet of Thirty

Right Honourable Truly Noble Potent Lord c. He may have a Traverse in his House except in his Superiour's presence his Wife may have her Train born up by a Woman out of her Superiours presence in their presence by a Man. CHAP. VIII Of Barons or Lords which are Spiritual and Temporal THe next and lowest Degree of Nobility is that of a Baron which is twofold Lords Spiritual and Temporal but first of the Lords Spiritual or Bishops § 1. By Lords Spiritual are meant only the Suffragan Bishops for the Archbishops are accounted of the prime Nobility of the Kingdom of which we have two viz. of Canterbury and York 1. The Archbishop of Canterbury had formerly great Honour so that no Legate or Nuntio from Rome could exercise any Legantine Power without the King 's special License else he was accountable to the Archbishop of Canterbury In General Councils he had place before all Archbishops at the Pope's right Foot and at home was reputed the second Person in the Kingdom or first Peer of the Realm having Precedency of all Dukes not of the Royal Bloud and of all the great Officers of State. He hath Power to summon the Archbishop of York and the Bishops of his Province to a National Synod He is styled even by the King by the Grace of God and writes himself by Divine Providence as doth the Archbishop of York whereas other Bishops write by Divine Permission He hath the Title of Grace given him as Dukes have and of most Reverend Father in God and Metropolitan of all England The Coronation of the King hath anciently belonged to him it being resolved that wheresoever the Court was the King and Queen were the proper and Domestical Parishioners of the Archbishop of Canterbury The Bishop of London is accounted his Provincial the Bishop of Winchester his Chancellour and the Bishop of Rochester his Chaplain He hath under his Jurisdiction twenty one Suffragan Bishops seventeen in England and four in Wales His Clergies Tenths are 65.1 l. 18 s. 2¼ d. his Archbishoprick is valued in the King's Book at 2816 l. 17 s. 9¼ d. He may qualifie and retain eight Chaplains which is two more than a Duke may 2. The Archbishop of York pretended anciently to have all the Bishops of Scotland under his Inspection and that they should receive their Consecration from him and swear Canonical Obedience to his See he is allowed to write himself Metropolitan of England but not of All England as Canterbury doth but at length the Bishops of Scotland would not acknowlege any such Power to him and disowned all Obedience to him and had Archbishops of their own Anno 1466. leaving him in England but four Bishops His Bishoprick is now valued at 1609 l. 19 s. 2 d. And the Tenths of the Clergy to 1113 l. 17 s. 9 d. 10 b. 1. qu. he hath Precedency before all Dukes not of the Royal Bloud and before all great Officers of State except the Lord Chancellour or Lord Keeper He hath the Title of Grace and most Reverend Father in God and he writeth by Divine Providence He hath the Honour to crown the Queen and to be her perpetual Chaplain and hath great Privileges only Durham hath a peculiar Jurisdiction exempt from the See of York Having made this Digression we come next to speak of the Suffragan Bishops who though they have some peculiar Precedencies amongst themselves yet in general they are esteemed as Barons and from thence have the names of Lords Spiritual In their own Courts they have power to judge and pass Sentence alone and therefore they send forth their Writs in their own name and not in the King 's In whatever Princes Dominions they are their Episcopal Dignity and Degree is owned In Parliament they Vote in all things except in matter of Life and Limb. They have the Title of Lord are styled Right Reverend Fathers in God and write by Divine Permission They may qualifie 6 Chaplains which are as many as a Duke and are Barons and Peers of the Realm And as Spiritual Barons precede all under the Degree of a Viscount and are placed on the King 's Right Hand in Parliament All Church-men are prohibited the wearing of Swords and a Priest the Order of Knighthood § 2. Of Barons Temporal We may observe that the word Baron is variously derived some from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 some from Baro which is the same with Vir in Latine and with Varon in the Spanish so that Baron signifies a notable or principal man thus anciently the Burgesses of London were called Barons as those of the Cinque-Ports now are but leaving the Name to speak of the Person a Baron the Archbishops excepted is a Dignity next to a Viscount and though according to Cambden they are not by our Common Laws allowed to be of the Degree of Nobility yet this of a Baron may be by Tenure for the Title of Baron by Patent which is under the Broad-Seal of England is Status Gradus Dignitas and being by the King 's Writ summoned as Members of the higher House of Parliament they are thereby made Nobles and Peers of the Realm As they are Barons without any other Distinction they wear a Coronet by the Ordinance of King Charles the 2d having six Balls or Pearls set close to the Border at equal distance and have their peculiar Parliament Robes which have two doublings of white Furr Thus far of Noble Men. CHAP. IX Of Noble Women and first of the Queen THere are three sorts of Queens 1. A Queen-Sovereign to whom the Crown descends by Birth-right and is equal in Power to a King if she marry she is Sovereign to her Husband and he her Subject in England though he be an Emperour 2. The Queen-Consort She hath very great Privileges and the Laws set so high a value on her as to make it High Treason to conspire her Death or violate her Chastity her Robes are the same with a Sovereign Queen She sits in State by the King keeps her Court and hath the same General Officers as the King hath though she be an Alien she needs no Act of Parliament to natralize her the Crown taking away that defect She hath the same Honour performed to her that the King hath as well from Foreigners as Subjects 3. The Queen-Dowager She hath the same Honour done to her also and takes place next the Queen-Consort nor doth she lose her Title of Queen though she marry a private Gentleman as Queen Katharine Widow to Henry the 5th who though she married Owen Tudor Esq yet she maintained her Action at Law as Queen of England So in King Edward the 6th's Time Sir Thomas Seymer Lord high Admiral having married the Queen Dowager to Henry the 8th she denied Precedency to her Sister in Law the Lord Protectour's Wife as belonging to her as Queen which was aggravated so high that it proved the untimely Deaths of those two famous Men. The King's

Daughters are all Princesses the Eldest is called the Princess Royal and her Royal Highness All Noble Mens Baronets and all Knights Wives are in Writings called Dames whence comes the name Madam Esquires and Gentlemens Wives are called Gentlewomen Noble Women are so either by Descent Creation or Marriage all which shall remain Noble although they marry under their Degree If a Gentleman or a Peer marry a Wife of ignoble Birth she shall enjoy the Title and Dignity of her Husband all her Life but it is by the Courtesie not by the Law of England to give it her after her Husband's Death If a Woman of Bloud marry a mean Person he is not at all advanced but she shall retain her own Honour and if she be an Heiress and have a Child by such ignoble Person her Son may bear her Coat Armour but this is disputed by many and denied by some yet there are Examples of it but are too long to recite here An Alien Woman married to a Peer can have no privilege by her Husband unless she be naturalized The King may create any Woman to any Title of Honour by Letters Patents to them and their Heirs which Heirs shall enjoy all the Titles and Honours due to their Mothers as if she be a Duchess he shall be a Duke c. and many Men have claimed Titles of Honour and Dignity in Right of the Wives by marrying the Sole Heiress of a Noble-man who had those Honours And the Children of those persons so claiming have enjoyed the said Titles in right of their Mothers but if they have no Children the Husband loseth the Title CHAP. X. Of Injuries done to Noble Men. THus far briefly of the several Degrees of Noble Men of whom the Laws of this Land are so carefull as to make provision in a most especial manner to preserve their Honour and Reputation indempnified and therefore in the 2d of Ric. II. Chap. 1. it is enacted That all spreaders of false and reproachfull Words and Lyes against the Nobility Prelates and great Men in publick Offices the offender shall incurr the Punishment ordained by the Statute of Westminster Chap. 33. which ordains That the offender be imprisoned untill he have found the first reporter And in the 12th of Rich. II. Chap. 12. it is enacted That if the Offender doth not or cannot find the first reporter then he shall be punished by Advice of the Council In the first and second of Philip and Mary it was enacted That the Justices of the Peace in the Shire County City or Town Corporate shall have full Power to hear and determine the Causes abovesaid and that besides such Penalties as shall be inflicted by such Justices c. on the offender every Noble Man Prelate or great Officer against whom such scandalous Words false News or Lyes are spread or spoken may prosecute the offender in an Action of Scandalum Magnatum and recover Damages If any Noble Man or Gentleman's Coat-Armour or Sword c. at the solemnizing of his Funerals be set up in the Church for the Honour of the Deceased and is by the Incumbent or any other taken down by pretence of Right as Offerings due to him or if they be otherwise defaced by any other Person he or they may be punished as Malefactours but the Action must not be brought by the Widow but by the Heir as Defender of his Ancestour's Honour CHAP. XI Of Knights of the Garter WE proceed to those Degrees of Honour that are less Noble and accounted amongst Commoners The first of which the Knights of the Noble Order of the Garter they are called the Knights of St. George and were instituted by King Edward the 3d. Anno 1350. which was fifty years before the Order of St. Michael in France 229 years before the Order of the Holy Ghost in France 80 years before the Order of the Golden-Fleece in Burgundy and 209 years before that of the Elephant in Denmark The Ceremonies of this Order are many and too long to recite the occasion was that King Edward the 3d might more firmly unite the hearts of his principal Peers and Friends to him in the French Wars the Number is 26 whereof the King is Sovereign and upon the Death of any one another is to be chosen by the King The Honourableness of this Order appears by the many Noble Personages who have took up this Order there having been eight Emperours seven Kings of Portugal five Kings of Denmark three Kings of Naples two Kings of Scots before the Union two Kings of Sweden besides many of the German and Italian Princes August the 25th 1685. The Knights of this Order were as followeth King of Denmark The Sovereign King of Sweeden Prince of Orange Prince Elector of Brandenburgh   Prince George of Denmark   Duke of Ormond   Duke of Buckingham   Earl of Oxford   Earl of Strafford   Duke of Albemarle   Duke of Beaufort   Earl of Bedford   Duke of Southampton   Earl of Mulgrave   Duke of New-Castle   Earl of Danby   Duke of Grafton   Duke of Richmond   Duke of Hamilton   Duke of Somerset   Duke of Northumberland   Duke of Norfolk   Earl of Peterborough   Earl of Rochester   Earl of Feversham then Installed   Knights of this Order as they are April 1689. King of Denmark The Sovereign King of Sweeden P. Elector of Brandenburgh Prince George of Denmark   Earl or Oxford   Earl of Strafford   Duke of Beaufort   Earl of Bedford   Duke of Southampton   Earl of Mulgrave   Duke of Newcastle   Earl of Danby   Duke of Grafton   Duke of Richmond   Duke of Hamilton   Duke of Somerset   Duke of Northumberland   Duke of Norfolk   Earl of Peterborough   Earl of Rochester   Earl of Feversham   Earl of Sunderland   Duke of Ormond   Duke Fred. Mares de Schomberg   Earl of Devonshire   They wear as their daily Habit the Immage of St. George encountering the Dragon set with Pearl and precious Stones hanging in a blew Ribbon always about their Neck they have also a Garter enamelled with Gold Pearl and precious Stones with a Motto Honi soit qui mal y pense embroydered upon it which is fastened with a Buckle about their left Leg from whence they are called Knights of the Garter King Charles the first added to these that all these Knights should always wear on the left side of their Cloaks or Coats a Star of Silver embroidered with the Escouchen of St. George viz Argent a Cross Gules encircled with the Garter without these they are not to appear in publick The Robes more peculiarly belonging to the Order are a Cassock of Crimson Velvet lined with white Sarsenet a Mantle of purple Velvet lined with white Sarsenet also on the left Shoulder whereof is an Escouchen of St. George embroidered and encircled with the Garter and Motto these are only worn

of the Sword and Military Belt in Sweeden whose Collar was composed of Sword and Belt many there are also in India and in divers other places which because of their uncertainty are omitted CHAP. XVII Of Esquires KNighthood is a Dignity but Esquire is a name of Worship and in old time every Knight had two Esquires to attend him who bore his Armour and kept allways close to him They held certain Lands of him in Escuage as the Knight did of the King by Knight's Service but now Esquires are divided into five Ranks The first and principal are the eldest Sons of Viscounts and Lords The Second all other Noble-men's younger Sons with the eldest Sons of Baronets and Knights The Third are those that are Select Esquires of the King's Body The Fourth those to whom the King giveth the Title to or createth Esquires by putting a Silver Collar of S. S. about their Necks and in former times they had a pair of Silver Spurs put to their Heels thereby distinguishing them from Knights who had the guilt Spur and to the first born Sons of these only doth the Title descend they are now the Esquires that attend the Knights of the Bath The fifth and last be those that have any Superiour publick Office in the Kingdom as High Sheriff Justice of the Peace Collonels Lieutenant Collonels Majors c. or such as serve the King in any worshipfull Calling But such as are Esquires or Gentlemen by place only when they lose their Place they also lose their Title CHAP. XVIII Of Gentlemen THis Title is of such account as is aforesaid that it is a general Name even from the Sovereign to the meanest Person who either bears Coat-Armour or is imployed in some eminent Office in Church or State and many there be who having by Providence rose from a mean condition and obscure original to possess large Demeans have vain-gloriously usurped the Title of Gentleman to themselves and so imprudent I might have said impudent have some been that because their Sir-name have bordered upon the Sir-names of some Person of worth they have laid down their own paternal Names and assumed the Names of those Gentlemen so near to theirs and born their Coat-Armour and in time have pretended to be of the same Family Some derive the Name Gentleman as a Compound partly from the French word Gentile that is one born of honest Parents to which the Saxon Word Man is joyned and so make it Gentleman which may signifie a man well born and under that Name are all comprehended that are above Yeomen Merchants or Artificers the Ancient Saxons called them Edelmen or Noble Men. Which shews that Gentlemen take their beginning from something that they have done in War or Peace for which the King who is the Fountain of Honour doth think them worthy of such Honour which shall continue to their Posterity But sometimes it so happeneth that many Persons do claim the Title or Appellation of Gentleman either from the Places they hold or from some excellent Art or Science they profess as those that study the Laws of the Land or profess themselves Masters in the liberal Sciences And indeed if he can live without Manual labour and bear the Port and Charge of a Gentleman he shall not only be called so by others but think himself so indeed And any such that hath not a true Pretence to a Coat-Armour may have one assigned them by the Appointment of the Heralds whose Posterity may enjoy the Title of Gentile But to be more particular we shall find this Title to be ranked under nine Heads or Degrees 1. A Gentleman of Ancestry who is called a Gentleman of Bloud 2. A Gentleman of Bloud and not of Ancestry which is in the third Degree 3. A Gentleman of Coat-Armour and not of Bloud which is he that first beareth the King's Device given him by the Heralds If he have Issue to the third desscent such Issue is a Gentleman of Bloud but none under 4. A Gentleman of Armour not given him as when the King giveth a Lordship to a Yeoman and his Heirs for ever If the Family to whom the Lordship did belong be extinct the Person so admitted may bear the Coat-Armour of the said Lord being Approved of by the Heralds but if the Family be not extinct he cannot only he shall be accounted a Gentleman and may have a Coat appointed him by the Heralds 5. If a Christian Man in the Service of God and his Prince kills a Heathen Gentleman he shall bear his Coat-Armour except the said Heathen be a Knight Banneret and use the same Atchievement without any difference save only in the Word or Motto of the Infidel and his Issue in the fifth Degree shall be a Gentleman of Bloud but no Christian Man can bear another Christians Coat Yet if an English Man in the Field when the Banner royal is displayed do put to flight take Prisoner or by Fire or Force slay any Gentleman enemy to his Prince the English Man shall honour his own Coat in the sinister quarter with ded said Gentleman's Coat but in matters 〈◊〉 Combate the Victor may not challenge his Enemy's Coat though the Vanquished may lose his So by the Courtesie of England if a Man marry a Gentlewoman he may bear her Coat but his Children may not unless she be an Heiress and some doubt that also 6. If the King make a Yeoman a Knight he is called a Gentleman of Bloud 7. A Yeoman's Son advanced to Spiritual dignity is a Gentleman but not of Bloud unless he arrive to be a Doctor of the Law and then he shall be accounted a Gentleman of Bloud 8. The eight is called a Gentleman Untryall that is one who being brought up in some Abby or like Place and related to the Abbat c. doth in time obtain preferment in the same Abby c. 9. The last is a Gentleman Apocryphate such as being a Footman in the service of his Prince is at last advanced to be a Steward or Clerk of the Kitchin c. though he hath no Badg of his own under this Head are comprised all those that have any publick Office as above which take in these three Classes 1. Gentlemen by Ecclesiastical Preferment are 1 Vicars General 2 Guardians 3 Deans of Cathedrals 4 Arch Deacons 5 Chancellours 6 Treasurers 7 Chaunters 8 Doctours of which Divinity is first Law next Physick last 9 Provosts 10 Governours of Colleges 2. In Military Professions these are called Gentlemen 1 High Constables 2 Lieutenant Generals 3 Marshals of the Field 4 Admirals 5 Major Generals 6 Quarter Master General 7 Treasurer for the Army 8 Guardians of Frontiers 9 Grand Esquires 10 Masters of the Artillary 11 Collonels 12 Lieutenant Collonels 13 Serjeant Majors 14 Captains and all that receive Commissions from the King. 3. In the Civil State these are Gentlemen by their Places 1 The Chancellour 2 Presidents 3 Treasurers 4 Judges 5 Justices 6 Chief Officers

Whitehall The Aldermen and Citizens of London waited on the Prince of Orange at St. James's The Prince of Orange published an Order to return the Arms into the publick Store and an Order about quartering of Soldiers The Lords Spiritual and Temporal assembled at Westminster and ordered F. Guine Esq to sign such Orders as were made by them The Prince of Orange ordered the French Ambassadour to leave England The Peers present to the Pr. of Orange two Addresses the first of Thanks c. and to desire his Highness to accept the Government till Jan. 22. next the second to issue out Letters to the Coroners to chuse Convention-men to sit Jan. 22. The Aldermen and Citizens of London agreed to the said Address The Prince of Orange gave his Answer to the said Addresses The Prince of Orange put out his Declaration authorising Sheriffs Justices c. to act the same day his Highness received the Sacrament at St. James's by the hands of the Bishop of London Jan. The Prince of Orange published a Declaration for the better collecting the Revenue The Lord Dartmouth with the Fleet came into the Downs The Prince of Orange published an Order for regular Election of Convention-men The Sedgmore Frigot lost nigh Plymouth Dr. Seth Ward Bishop of Sarum dyed Coll. John Darcy Heir to the Earl of Holderness dyed James Howard Earl of Suffolk dyed The Prince of Orange published a Declaration for quartering of Soldiers The Countess of Huntingdon was carried through London in order to her Interrment Scotland address the Prince of Orange to take their Government upon him till March next The Prince of Orange's Declaration for paying the Seamen The Prince of Orange's Order for paying and keeping the Soldiers in order The Convention met at Westminster the Marquess of Hallifax made Speaker of the Lords House and Mr. Powle of the Commons then they desired the Prince of Orange to take on him the Administration of the Government for a farther time also ordered that a Thanksgiving-day be kept Jan. 31. at London c. and Feb. 14. in all England The Prince of Orange sent a Letter to the House of Lords about settling the Government Feb. The Order to forbid Feb. 6. to be kept a Thanksgiving-day A great number of people go to Westminster to desire the Convention to crown the Prince and Princess of Orange The Lord Mayor published an Order to prevent the tumultuous meeting at Westminster The Prince of Orange's Proclamation to prevent the abuses in Forests The Lords in the Convention agreed with the Commons that the Throne was vacant and that the Prince and Princess of Orange ought to be King and Queen The Princess of Orange landed at White-hall The Prince and Princess of Orange proclaimed King and Queen of England France and Ireland by the name of William and Mary at London on the 19th at Rippon Beverly Lancaster Hartford Ware Royston Baldock Tri●g St. Albanes Stamford Alesbury Wendover Chesham Beaconsfield Rewsborrow Colebrook Burnham Ivingo Marlo c. the 18th at Bath Cardigan c. the 23d at York Taunton c. March 5. at Bridgewater Bristoll c. the 6th at Sandwich c. K. William put out a Proclamation for the collecting of the Revenue to continue as in December last K. William's Order in Council for alteration of the Royal Family's Names in the Common-Prayer K. William made a Speech to the Lords and Commons at Westminster The Bishop of London and the Clergy of the City waited on K. William at White-hall K. William's Declaration to order the Irish to lay down their Arms by April following K. William signed the Act for the sitting of the Parliament and after the King and Queen went to Hampton-Court Sir John Read's House was robbed at Bracket-hall in Hartfordshire A Proclamation for the discovery of Mr. Brent Another for bringing in Arms imbezelled Mar. Serj. Maynard Serj. Rawlinson and Sir Anthony Keck are made Commissioners of the Great Seal of England Henry Pollexfen Esq Attorney General Sir Geo. Treby Sollicitor General Lord Willoughby Chancellour of the Dutchy Lord Lovelace Captain of the Band of Pensioners Lord Lucas chief Governour of the Tower of London The Earl of Sandwich his Funeral William Harbord Esq sworn of the Privy-Council The Brandenburghs got a Victory over the French at Nuis The Lords and Commons present an Address to stand by K. William with their Lives and Fortunes K. William desires their care of the Dutch Ireland and the Fleet. Arthur Herbert Esq John Earl of Carbury Sir Michael Wharton Bart. Sir Tho. Lee Bart. Sir John Chichesly Sir John Lowther Bart. of White-haven and William Sacheveril Esq Commissioners for the Admiralty Dr. Gilbert Burnet elected Bishop of Saraum in the place of Dr. S. Ward deceased and consecrated at Fulham by the Bishops of London Winchester Lincoln Landaff St. Asaph and Carlile The City of London made an Address to K. William Charles Sedly Esq of Southfleet in Kent Knighted K. James II. arrived at Kingsale in Ireland and on the 24th entred Dublin on Horseback and the next day published three Proclamations K. William made a Speech in the House of Lords and passed two Acts. The Parliament addressed the King to put his Proclamation out against the Soldiers that disserted The Sheriffs of all Counties of England were appointed by K. William A Proclamation for Crowning K. William and Q. Mary and Proclaimed at London on the 20th for the Coronation to be on the 11th of April next The Convention of Scotland met and chose Duke Hamilton Speaker and on the 23d sent their Answer to K. William's Letter by the Lord Rosse Sir John Chapman Lord Mayor of London dyed Sir John Berry came into the Downs with a Squadron of Men of War. The Lord Lieutenants of all the Counties of England appointed by K. William Alderman Pilkington chose Lord Mayor of London for the remainder of the year 1689. Mar. K. William signed the Act for a present Aid of 412000 l. THE Lord Coot made Treasurer and Receiver General to Q. Mary Being Easter day Sir Geo. Lockhart was shot dead as he came from Church at Edenburgh he was Lord President of the Sessions of Scotland Apr. A Proclamation for bringing in of Arms. The Convocation of Scotland voted the Throne vacant and on the 4th voted to settle the Crown on K. William and Q. Mary and on the 10th proclaimed them and declared against Bishops and made a new Oath of Allegiance to K. William and Q. Mary K. William passed three Acts of Parliament at Westminster Coll. Cunningham and Coll. Richards shipt their Regiments at Liverpool in Lancashire for Ireland Duke Frederick Mareschal de Schomberg and William Earl of Devonshire made Knights of the Garter Dr. Burnet Bishop of Sarum sworn Chancellour of that Order King William's Declaration to secure all Soldiers of English Pay though sent beyond Seas The Duke of Ormond installed Knight of the Garter Admiral Herbert sailed with his Fleet from Spithead Monsr d'Avaux