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england_n duke_n earl_n lord_n 24,417 5 4.9161 4 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A88898 England described: or The several counties & shires thereof briefly handled. Some things also premised, to set forth the glory of this nation. / By Edward Leigh Esquire, Mr of Arts of Magdalen-Hall in Oxford. Leigh, Edward, 1602-1671. 1659 (1659) Wing L994; Thomason E1792_2; ESTC R202677 90,436 256

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dwell_v who_o we_o call_v in_o latin_a vicecomitem_fw-la as_o one_o will_v say_v the_o deputy_n of_o the_o come_v or_o earl_n and_o in_o our_o tongue_n sheriff_n it_o be_v his_o duty_n to_o gather_v the_o common_a money_n of_o the_o prince_n in_o his_o county_n to_o collect_v and_o bring_v into_o the_o exchequer_n all_o fine_n impose_v even_o by_o distrein_n to_o be_v attendant_a upon_o the_o judge_n and_o to_o execute_v their_o commandment_n to_o assemble_v and_o empanel_v the_o twelve_o man_n which_o in_o cause_n do_v inquire_v of_o the_o fact_n and_o make_v relation_n thereof_o and_o give_v in_o their_o verdict_n to_o the_o judge_n for_o judge_n with_o we_o sit_v upon_o the_o right_n only_o of_o a_o cause_n and_o not_o upon_o the_o fact_n to_o see_v condemn_v person_n executèd_v and_o to_o examine_v and_o determine_v certain_a small_a action_n of_o the_o several_a county_n in_o england_n camden_n begin_v with_o cornwall_n and_o end_n with_o northumberland_n i_o shall_v mention_v 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with_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n
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themselves_o a_o praeemption_n of_o tin_n by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o propriety_n as_o be_v chief_a lord_n and_o proprietary_n as_o of_o their_o royal_a prerogative_n not_o only_o tin_n be_v here_o find_v but_o therewith_o also_o gold_n and_o silver_n yea_o and_o diamond_n shape_v and_o point_v angle-wise_o smooth_v also_o by_o nature_n itself_o whereof_o some_o be_v as_o big_a as_o walnut_n and_o inferior_a to_o the_o orient_a diamond_n in_o blackness_n and_o hardness_n only_o so_o plentiful_a be_v this_o country_n of_o grain_n although_o not_o without_o great_a toil_n of_o the_o husbandman_n that_o it_o have_v not_o only_o sufficient_a to_o maintain_v itself_o but_o also_o afford_v often_o time_n great_a store_n of_o corn_n into_o spain_n beside_o a_o most_o rich_a revenue_n and_o commodity_n they_o have_v by_o those_o little_a fish_n that_o they_o call_v pilchard_n which_o swarm_v as_o one_o will_v say_v in_o 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hurl_v the_o ball_n which_o they_o use_v so_o far_o excel_v that_o for_o slight_a and_o clean_a strength_n together_o they_o just_o win_v the_o prize_n and_o praise_n from_o other_o nation_n in_o that_o behalf_n godolphin-hill_n right_a famous_a for_o plentiful_a vein_n of_o tin_n but_o much_o more_o renown_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o lord_n thereof_o bear_v the_o same_o name_n who_o with_o their_o virtue_n have_v equal_v the_o ancientness_n of_o that_o house_n and_o lineage_n that_o name_n in_o the_o cornish_a language_n come_v of_o a_o white_a eagle_n and_o this_o family_n have_v ancient_o bear_v for_o their_o arm_n in_o a_o shield_n gules_a a_o eagle_n display_v argent_fw-fr between_o three_o flower-deluce_n of_o the_o same_o shield_n falemouth-haven_n be_v as_o noble_a as_o brundisium_n itself_o in_o italy_n of_o exceed_v great_a capacity_n for_o it_o be_v able_a to_o receive_v a_o hundred_o ship_n which_o may_v ride_v therein_o so_o apart_o by_o themselves_o that_o out_o of_o never_o a_o one_o of_o they_o the_o top_n of_o another_o mast_n can_v be_v see_v and_o most_o safe_a withal_o under_o the_o wind_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v enclose_v on_o every_o side_n with_o brim_n of_o high_a rise_a bank_n the_o gullet_n on_o either_o hand_n as_o well_o for_o the_o defence_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o place_n as_o for_o terror_n to_o enemy_n be_v fortify_v with_o block-house_n to_o wit_n the_o castle_n of_o maudit_fw-la eastward_o and_o towards_o the_o west_n the_o fort_n pendinae_n both_o build_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o foy_n a_o town_n most_o renown_v in_o former_a age_n for_o sea_n fight_v which_o the_o very_a arm_n of_o the_o town_n do_v witness_n as_o be_v compound_v of_o the_o cinque-port_n arm_n padstow_n a_o pretty_a market_n town_n so_o call_v short_a for_o petrockstow_n of_o one_o petroch_n a_o britain_n canonize_v a_o saint_n by_o the_o people_n who_o spend_v his_o day_n here_o in_o the_o service_n of_o god_n edward_n the_o three_o erect_v cornwall_n into_o a_o dukedom_n and_o invest_v edward_n his_o son_n
a_o prince_n most_o accomplish_v with_o martial_a prowess_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1336._o duke_n of_o cornwall_n by_o a_o wreath_n on_o his_o head_n a_o ring_n upon_o his_o finger_n and_o a_o silver_n verge_n since_o which_o time_n the_o king_n of_o england_n elder_a son_n be_v repute_v duke_n of_o cornwall_n by_o birth_n launston_n the_o chief_a town_n the_o promontory_n name_v the_o land_n end_n the_o most_o western_a point_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o contain_v nine_o hundred_o two_o and_o twenty_o market_n town_n a_o hundred_o sixty_o and_o one_o parish_n cumberland_n it_o take_v the_o name_n of_o the_o inhabitaut_n name_n who_o be_v the_o true_a and_o natural_a briton_n and_o call_v themselves_o in_o their_o own_o language_n kumbri_n this_o country_n although_o it_o be_v somewhat_o with_o the_o cold_a as_o lie_v far_o north_n and_o seem_v as_o rough_a by_o reason_n of_o hill_n yet_o for_o the_o variety_n thereof_o it_o smile_v upon_o the_o beholder_n and_o give_v contentment_n to_o as_o many_o as_o travel_v it_o of_o all_o the_o shire_n we_o have_v it_o be_v account_v the_o best_a furnish_v with_o the_o roman_a antiquity_n burton_n comment_n on_o antoninus_n his_o itin._n p._n 13._o at_o newland_n there_o be_v copper_n or_o brass_n mine_n there_o skiddaw-hill_n be_v very_o high_a skiddaw_n lauvellin_n and_o casticand_v be_v the_o high_a hill_n in_o all_o england_n tract_n solway_n frith_n so_o call_v of_o solway_n a_o town_n in_o scotland_n stand_v upon_o it_o under_o this_o burgh_n within_o the_o very_a frith_n where_o the_o salt_n water_n eb_v and_o flow_v the_o englishman_n and_o scottish_a by_o report_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n fight_v with_o their_o fleet_n at_o full_a sea_n and_o also_o with_o their_o horseman_n and_o footman_n at_o the_o ebb_n hard_o by_o the_o riveret_n dacor_fw-mi stand_v dacre-castle_n of_o signal_n note_n because_o it_o have_v give_v surname_n to_o the_o honourable_a family_n of_o the_o baron_n dacre_n carlisle_n this_o ancient_a city_n be_v fortify_v with_o strong_a wall_n of_o stone_n carleolum_fw-la with_o a_o castle_n and_o citadel_n as_o they_o term_v it_o here_o begin_v picts-wall_n or_o simple_o by_o prove_v way_n of_o excellency_n the_o wall_n the_o limit_n of_o the_o roman_a province_n continue_v through_o this_o country_n and_o northumberland_n and_o end_v in_o walls-end_n here_o be_v nine_o market_n town_n and_o fifty_o eight_o parish_n darbyshire_n it_o be_v a_o plentiful_a country_n there_o be_v many_o mineral_n and_o several_a kind_n of_o stone_n derby_n be_v the_o chief_a town_n of_o all_o this_o shire_n a_o town_n of_o good_a trade_n there_o be_v five_o church_n in_o it_o of_o steeple_n which_o the_o great_a name_v all-hallows_n dedicate_v to_o the_o memory_n of_o all-saint_n have_v a_o tower-steeple_n that_o for_o height_n and_o singular_a fine_a workmanship_n excel_v they_o have_v a_o famous_a minister_n there_o one_o chapel_n which_o be_v brother_n to_o he_o that_o be_v of_o cambridge_n and_o go_v afterward_o into_o ireland_n he_o do_v much_o good_a in_o derby_n when_o king_n james_n come_v thither_o a_o witty_a butcher_n in_o the_o town_n say_v thus_o to_o he_o jemmy_n for_o a_o chapel_n and_o a_o steeple_n we_o may_v compare_v with_o any_o people_n the_o assize_n be_v there_o keep_v for_o the_o whole_a shire_n and_o the_o best_a nappy_a ale_n be_v brew_v there_o in_o two_o place_n especial_o it_o be_v the_o ancient_a and_o peculiar_a drink_n of_o the_o englishman_n and_o briton_n and_o very_o wholesome_a henry_n of_o aurenche_n the_o norman_a arch-poet_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o merry_o jest_v on_o it_o in_o these_o verse_n nescio_fw-la quid_fw-la stygiae_fw-la monstrum_fw-la conform_fw-la paludi_fw-la cervisiam_fw-la plerique_fw-la vocant_fw-la nil_fw-la spissius_fw-la illa_fw-la dum_fw-la bibitur_fw-la nil_fw-la clarius_fw-la est_fw-la dum_fw-la mingitur_fw-la unde_fw-la constat_fw-la quod_fw-la multas_fw-la faeces_fw-la in_fw-la ventre_fw-la relinquit_fw-la of_o this_o strange_a drink_n so_o like_o to_o stygean_a lake_n most_o term_v it_o ale_n i_o wot_v not_o what_o to_o make_v folk_n drink_v it_o thick_a and_o piss_v it_o pass_v thin_a much_o dregs_o therefore_o must_v needs_o remain_v within_o the_o wealth_n of_o this_o town_n consist_v much_o of_o buy_v of_o corn_n and_o sell_v it_o again_o to_o the_o mountain_n for_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o badger_n thomas_n linaker_n the_o famous_a scholar_n be_v bear_v here_o and_o so_o be_v mr._n cotton_n the_o famous_a minister_n of_o boston_n and_o dr._n wilmot_n near_o it_o chesterfield_n a_o market_n town_n the_o peak_n which_o signify_v to_o appear_v aloft_o be_v sever_v from_o staffordshire_n by_o the_o dove_n a_o most_o swift_a and_o clear_a river_n it_o be_v plentiful_a of_o lead_n also_o stibium_fw-la or_o antimony_n millstone_n likewise_o be_v here_o hew_v out_o as_o also_o grinde-stone_n and_o whetstone_n to_o give_v a_o edge_n unto_o iron_n tool_n reduxit_fw-la under_o the_o old_a castle_n call_v the_o castle_n in_o the_o peak_n there_o be_v a_o cave_n or_o hole_n within_o the_o ground_n call_v the_o devil_n arse_n devil_n arse_n in_o peak_n that_o gape_v anglia_fw-la with_o a_o wide_a mouth_n and_o have_v in_o it_o many_o turn_n and_o retire_v room_n this_o hole_n be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o wonder_n of_o england_n there_o be_v several_a other_o wonder_n in_o the_o peak_n ashburn_n in_o the_o peak_n there_o be_v a_o place_n call_v elden-hole_n which_o lie_v two_o mile_n distant_a from_o castleton_n a_o town_n in_o the_o high_a peak_n it_o be_v within_o the_o peak_n forest_n it_o descend_v direct_o down_o into_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v about_o thirty_o yard_n long_o and_o fifteen_o yard_n broad_a at_o the_o top_n of_o it_o but_o be_v much_o straight_a when_o it_o come_v forty_o yard_n deep_a you_o may_v see_v into_o it_o about_o sixty_o yard_n be_v as_o far_o as_o the_o light_n which_o come_v in_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o hole_n will_v give_v light_a to_o see_v it_o be_v fearful_a to_o look_v into_o be_v a_o face_n of_o rock_n on_o each_o side_n about_o sixty_o year_n since_o one_o mr._n henry_n cavendish_n elder_a brother_n to_o sir_n charles_n cavendish_n who_o have_v spend_v all_o his_o day_n in_o travel_n have_v be_v at_o jerusalem_n and_o several_a other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o hear_v of_o this_o place_n come_v to_o it_o and_o cause_v engine_n to_o be_v make_v or_o to_o let_v a_o man_n into_o the_o hole_n which_o be_v do_v one_o george_n bradley_n of_o the_o peak_n forest_n be_v let_v down_o in_o a_o rope_n fourscore_o yard_n and_o then_o another_o engine_n be_v make_v to_o let_v he_o go_v further_o and_o from_o thence_o he_o be_v let_v down_o fourscore_o yard_n further_o and_o at_o the_o end_n thereof_o a_o three_o engine_n be_v make_v whereby_o he_o be_v let_v down_o almost_o fourscore_o yard_n further_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rope_n be_v fasten_v a_o bell_n which_o he_o be_v to_o ring_v if_o he_o can_v go_v no_o further_o or_o will_v return_v back_o when_o he_o be_v let_v down_o almost_o the_o three_o fourscore_o yard_n he_o ring_v the_o bell_n and_o be_v draw_v up_o he_o be_v much_o affright_v remain_v speechless_a for_o a_o time_n and_o be_v strike_v with_o lameness_n but_o after_o he_o recover_v his_o speech_n he_o declare_v that_o as_o he_o descend_v down_o be_v bone_n of_o deer_n sheep_n and_o other_o cattle_n and_o also_o of_o man_n and_o that_o he_o be_v affright_v but_o how_o or_o in_o what_o manner_n he_o can_v not_o tell_v he_o live_v several_a year_n but_o never_o be_v in_o perfect_a memory_n nor_o sound_n of_o his_o limb_n within_o the_o town_n of_o buxton_n there_o be_v a_o bath_n call_v buxton-well_n which_o cure_v very_o many_o disease_n there_o be_v two_o spring_n of_o water_n the_o one_o within_o a_o hand_n breadth_n of_o the_o other_o the_o one_o be_v very_o hot_a the_o other_o cold_a as_o ice_n there_o be_v eight_o market_n town_n six_o hundred_o and_o a_o hundred_o and_o six_o parish_n in_o this_o county_n denshire_n or_o devonshire_n a_o country_n harbourous_a on_o either_o loadstone_n side_n with_o commodious_a haven_n enrich_v with_o tin-mine_n especial_o westward_o garnish_v with_o pleasant_a meadow_n sightly_o with_o great_a store_n of_o wood_n and_o pass_v well_o replenish_v with_o town_n and_o building_n there_o be_v not_o any_o place_n almost_o in_o all_o england_n where_o the_o ground_n require_v great_a charge_n for_o in_o most_o part_n thereof_o it_o grow_v in_o manner_n barren_a if_o it_o be_v not_o over-strew_v and_o mingle_v with_o a_o certain_a sand_n from_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v of_o great_a efficacy_n to_o procure_v fertility_n by_o quicken_a as_o it_o be_v and_o give_v life_n unto_o the_o glebe_n and_o therefore_o in_o place_n far_o from_o the_o shore_n it_o be_v buy_v at_o a_o dear_a rate_n on_o
of_o it_o they_o say_v be_v healthful_a but_o not_o so_o wealthy_a the_o middle_n they_o account_v both_o healthful_a and_o plentiful_a the_o low_a they_o hold_v to_o be_v wealthy_a but_o not_o healthy_a as_o which_o for_o a_o great_a part_n thereof_o be_v very_o moist_a it_o be_v everywhere_o almost_o full_a of_o meadow_n pasture_n and_o cornfield_n abound_v wonderful_o in_o appletree_n and_o cherry-tree_n also_o the_o tree_n be_v plant_v after_o a_o direct_a manner_n one_o against_o another_o by_o square_n most_o pleasant_a to_o behold_v it_o have_v village_n and_o town_n exceed_v thick_a and_o well_o people_v safe_a rhodes_n and_o sure_a harbour_n for_o ship_n with_o some_o vein_n of_o iron_n and_o marle_n but_o the_o air_n be_v somewhat_o thick_a and_o somewhere_o foggy_a by_o reason_n of_o vapour_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n the_o revenue_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v great_a both_o by_o the_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o also_o by_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o a_o great_a city_n of_o a_o great_a river_n and_o the_o main_a sea_n this_o county_n be_v enrich_v with_o two_o city_n and_o bishop_n sea_n strengthen_v with_o twenty_o seven_o castle_n grace_v with_o four_o of_o the_o king_n house_n trade_v with_o four_o and_o twenty_o market_n town_n and_o beautify_v with_o many_o stately_a building_n camden_n in_o kent_n pag._n 324._o say_v the_o kentishman_n have_v privilege_n to_o lead_v the_o van_n in_o all_o battle_n for_o their_o valour_n show_v against_o the_o dane_n among_o our_o old_a english_a the_o kentishman_n have_v the_o honour_n due_a to_o they_o always_o of_o be_v in_o the_o vanguard_n and_o those_o of_o wiltshire_n with_o cornwall_n and_o devonshire_n in_o the_o rear_n which_o they_o all_o may_v challenge_v by_o the_o continual_a worth_n of_o their_o performance_n mr._n selden_n preface_n to_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n the_o suevians_n have_v ancient_o prerogative_n in_fw-la omni_fw-la expeditione_fw-la regis_fw-la teutonici_fw-la exercitum_fw-la praecedere_fw-la and_o primi_fw-la committere_fw-la id._n ib._n the_o meaning_n of_o that_o common_a proverb_n kent_n and_o christendom_n be_v that_o it_o 5._o be_v famous_a as_o kent_n and_o famous_a as_o christendom_n this_o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n and_o no_o one_o county_n of_o england_n have_v a_o king_n of_o itself_o but_o this_o they_o be_v the_o most_o civilise_a people_n of_o the_o nation_n it_o be_v plentiful_a of_o fowl_n and_o fish_n of_o all_o sort_n fertile_a land_n fruit_n grain_n wood_n when_o william_n the_o conqueror_n come_v in_o the_o yeomanry_n of_o kent_n at_o suaves-comb_n carry_v before_o they_o in_o their_o hand_n every_o one_o a_o great_a green_a bough_n represent_v afar_o off_o a_o move_a wood_n yield_v they_o unto_o william_n england_n the_o conqueror_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o they_o may_v retain_v their_o ancient_a custom_n unviolated_a and_o especial_o that_o which_o they_o call_v gavelkind_n that_o be_v give_v all_o kin_n by_o which_o they_o be_v not_o so_o bind_v by_o copyhold_n customarytenure_n or_o tenant-right_n as_o in_o other_o part_n of_o england_n but_o in_o manner_n every_o man_n be_v a_o freeholder_n and_o have_v some_o part_n of_o his_o own_o to_o live_v upon_o for_o land_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v equal_o divide_v among_o the_o male_a child_n or_o if_o there_o be_v no_o son_n among_o the_o daughter_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o also_o they_o be_v at_o full_a age_n and_o enter_v upon_o their_o inheritance_n when_o they_o come_v to_o be_v fifteen_o year_n old_a and_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o they_o to_o alienate_v and_o make_v it_o over_o to_o any_o one_o either_o by_o gift_n or_o by_o sale_n without_o the_o lord_n consent_n by_o this_o likewise_o the_o son_n though_o their_o parent_n be_v plough_n condemn_v for_o felony_n or_o murder_n succeed_v they_o nevertheless_o in_o such_o kind_n of_o land_n after_o this_o william_n the_o conqueror_n that_o he_o may_v 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henry_n the_o seven_o for_o the_o burial_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o child_n adjoin_v thereto_o in_o the_o east_n end_n a_o chapel_n of_o admirable_a elegancy_n leland_n call_v it_o the_o wonder_n of_o the_o world_n all_o the_o curious_a and_o exquisite_a work_n that_o can_v be_v devise_v be_v there_o compact_v it_o be_v report_v that_o the_o chapel_n 8_o cost_v ten_o thousand_o pound_n or_o as_o other_o say_v fourteen_o thousand_o pound_n there_o be_v a_o collegiate_a church_n and_o famous_a school_n forty_o scholar_n in_o their_o due_a time_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o university_n here_o be_v bury_v the_o prince_n of_o english_a poet_n geffrey_n chaucer_n as_o also_o he_o that_o for_o pregnant_a wit_n and_o a_o excellent_a gift_n in_o poetry_n of_o all_o english_a poet_n come_v near_o unto_o he_o edmund_n spenser_n isaac_n casaubone_n william_n camden_n clarenceux_n king_n of_o arm_n westminster-hall_n be_v the_o great_a hall_n in_o england_n and_o the_o very_a praetorium_fw-la or_o 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