caligula_n guard_n if_o he_o have_v go_v about_o to_o put_v his_o wicked_a wish_n into_o execution_n or_o likewise_o to_o have_v resist_v or_o put_v to_o death_n those_o incendiary_n they_o find_v fire_v the_o city_n though_o they_o may_v have_v have_v the_o emperor_n nero_n commission_n for_o it_o so_o likewise_o sure_o it_o will_v have_v be_v as_o lawful_a for_o the_o people_n of_o pegu_n to_o have_v resist_v those_o who_o the_o emperor_n may_v have_v send_v to_o hinder_v they_o from_o plough_v and_o sow_v their_o land_n and_o that_o i_o be_o not_o the_o only_a man_n of_o this_o opinion_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o consult_v what_o barclay_n have_v in_o his_o treatise_n contra_fw-la monarchomachos_n which_o he_o write_v against_o buchanan_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la regni_fw-la apud_fw-la scotos_fw-gr and_o the_o author_n of_o vindiciae_fw-la contra_fw-la tyrannos_fw-la where_o tho'he_fw-mi be_v a_o most_o zealous_a assertor_n of_o the_o unlimited_a and_o irresistible_a power_n of_o prince_n yet_o in_o his_o three_o book_n chap._n 8._o he_o speak_v to_o this_o effect_n the_o sense_n of_o who_o word_n as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v give_v you_o in_o english_a now_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v say_v but_o must_v the_o people_n always_o yield_v their_o throat_n to_o the_o fury_n and_o cruelty_n of_o tyrantyâ—_n â—_z must_v they_o patient_o permit_v their_o city_n to_o be_v destroy_v by_o hunger_n fâ—e_n or_o sword_n and_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n to_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o lust_n of_o a_o tyrant_n and_o also_o themselves_o to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o utmost_a danger_n and_o misery_n of_o life_n must_v that_o be_v deny_v to_o they_o which_o be_v the_o right_n of_o all_o animal_n by_o nature_n that_o be_v that_o they_o may_v repel_v force_n with_o force_n and_o defend_v themselves_o from_o injury_n to_o this_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v answer_v that_o self-defence_n which_o be_v of_o natural_a right_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v to_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o king_n do_v not_o only_o exert_v his_o hatred_n against_o some_o single_a person_n but_o also_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o destroy_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o which_o he_o be_v head_n that_o be_v shall_v exert_v his_o hatred_n against_o the_o whole_a people_n or_o some_o considerable_a part_n of_o they_o by_o a_o horrid_a and_o intolerable_a cruelty_n or_o tyranny_n there_o be_v a_o power_n in_o the_o people_n in_o this_o case_n only_o of_o defend_v itself_o but_o not_o of_o invade_v the_o prince_n or_o of_o revenge_a the_o injury_n give_v neither_o of_o depart_v from_o their_o due_a reverence_n because_o of_o the_o injury_n receive_v in_o short_a it_o have_v right_o only_a of_o repel_v a_o present_a force_n but_o not_o of_o revenge_v a_o past_a injury_n for_o one_o of_o they_o indeed_o be_v from_o nature_n that_o we_o shall_v defend_v our_o life_n and_o person_n from_o injury_n and_o therefore_o the_o people_n may_v be_v able_a to_o prevent_v a_o evil_a before_o it_o be_v do_v but_o can_v revenge_v it_o upon_o the_o king_n after_o it_o be_v do_v therefore_o the_o people_n have_v this_o right_o more_o than_o a_o private_a man_n that_o he_o have_v no_o other_o remedy_n leave_v he_o but_o patience_n whereas_o the_o people_n if_o the_o tyranny_n be_v intolerable_a may_v still_o resist_v though_o with_o respect_n in_o all_o which_o this_o author_n have_v there_o say_v we_o may_v easy_o understand_v his_o meaning_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o this_o of_o resist_a force_n with_o respect_n and_o reverence_n for_o i_o can_v understand_v how_o a_o man_n may_v sight_v against_o his_o prince_n with_o reverence_n or_o give_v his_o guard_n a_o knock_z over_o the_o paâ—e_n or_o a_o cut_n in_o the_o face_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o prince_n authority_n but_o the_o reason_n be_v plain_a why_o the_o people_n may_v act_v thus_o because_o when_o a_o prince_n once_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v and_o make_v war_n upon_o his_o people_n he_o do_v not_o act_v then_o as_o a_o monarch_n but_o like_o a_o cutthroat_n and_o enemy_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o no_o man_n can_v imagine_v a_o will_n to_o destroy_v and_o to_o protect_v the_o people_n can_v at_o once_o subsist_v in_o the_o same_o person_n m._n but_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o by_o the_o political_a law_n of_o any_o government_n which_o be_v make_v to_o secure_v the_o right_n of_o the_o subject_n in_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n no_o prince_n can_v 203._o or_o aught_o to_o take_v away_o his_o subject_n life_n or_o estate_n contrary_a to_o law_n yet_o by_o the_o imperial_a law_n in_o every_o government_n and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o gospel_n which_o as_o i_o shall_v hereafter_o show_v establish_v those_o law_n in_o all_o perfect_a government_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o english_a all_o these_o right_n legal_o belong_v to_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n especial_o to_o be_v accountable_a to_o none_o but_o god_n to_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n and_o disposal_n of_o the_o sword_n and_o to_o be_v free_a from_o all_o coercive_a and_o vindicative_a power_n and_o from_o all_o resistance_n by_o force_n it_o be_v by_o these_o common_a law_n of_o sovereignty_n that_o the_o gospel_n require_v passive_a obedience_n which_o be_v but_o another_o name_n for_o nonresistance_n these_o law_n be_v in_o eternal_a force_n against_o the_o subject_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o sovereign_n be_v he_o good_a or_o evil_a just_a or_o unjust_a christian_a or_o pagan_a be_v he_o what_o he_o will_v no_o subject_n or_o number_n of_o subject_n whatsoever_o can_v lift_v up_o his_o or_o their_o hand_n against_o the_o sovereign_n and_o be_v guiltless_a by_o these_o law_n therefore_o for_o the_o subject_n to_o bear_v the_o sword_n against_o their_o sovereign_n or_o to_o defend_v themselves_o by_o force_n against_o he_o or_o his_o force_n be_v against_o the_o common_a law_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o by_o consequence_n passive_a obedience_n even_o unto_o death_n become_v a_o duty_n in_o sovereign_a government_n by_o virtue_n of_o those_o law_n and_o we_o be_v not_o to_o resist_v they_o upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o but_o therefore_o all_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o suffer_v death_n wrongful_o rather_o than_o to_o resist_v they_o upon_o any_o pretence_n or_o account_n whatsoever_o so_o that_o let_v popish_a writer_n though_o never_o so_o moderate_a say_v what_o they_o please_v concern_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o resistance_n in_o some_o case_n yet_o we_o of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n have_v learn_v better_a thing_n from_o the_o scripture_n and_o the_o example_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n which_o we_o think_v ourselves_o oblige_v most_o strict_o to_o observe_v and_o therefore_o in_o relation_n to_o our_o own_o government_n and_o the_o present_a state_n of_o affair_n i_o shall_v reduce_v all_o that_o i_o have_v to_o say_v against_o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n or_o those_o commission_v by_o he_o into_o this_o syllogism_n not_o to_o be_v resist_v by_o the_o subject_n be_v a_o inseparable_a right_n of_o all_o sovereign_a power_n but_o the_o king_n be_v here_o the_o only_a sovereign_a power_n ergo_fw-la the_o king_n be_v upon_o no_o pretence_n whatsoever_o to_o be_v resist_v by_o his_o subject_n so_o that_o not_o to_o quarrel_v any_o long_o about_o word_n nonresistance_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o passive_a obedience_n and_o submission_n and_o by_o consequence_n these_o be_v require_v by_o the_o imperial_a law_n of_o the_o government_n therefore_o whatsoever_o the_o imperial_a law_n of_o the_o government_n require_v of_o its_o subject_n if_o it_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o god_n law_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v it_o but_o passive_a obedience_n or_o patient_n suffer_v of_o injury_n from_o the_o sovereign_n be_v not_o forbid_v by_o god_n law_n and_o therefore_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o perform_v it_o where_o it_o be_v require_v by_o the_o imperial_a law_n f._n i_o shall_v forbear_v to_o say_v any_o thing_n as_o yet_o concern_v what_o doctrine_n the_o scripture_n teach_v or_o the_o primitive_a christian_n practise_v concern_v this_o matter_n because_o i_o desire_v to_o discourse_v that_o question_n apart_o from_o this_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n which_o we_o be_v now_o upon_o therefore_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o though_o this_o new_a fingle-fangle_n term_n of_o imperial_a law_n of_o nonresistance_n may_v sound_v very_o pretty_o to_o their_o ear_n who_o mind_n word_n more_o than_o sense_n yet_o i_o must_v free_o confess_v that_o i_o be_o altogether_o a_o stranger_n to_o this_o notion_n of_o imperial_a law_n as_o also_o of_o the_o distinction_n you_o make_v between_o the_o imperial_a and_o political_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o if_o by_o imperial_a law_n you_o mean_v those_o of_o the_o roman_a empire_n i_o never_o know_v that_o
those_o law_n have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v in_o england_n before_o but_o always_o suppose_v the_o politic_a law_n of_o our_o country_n to_o be_v the_o only_a measure_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n as_o also_o of_o the_o subject_n obedience_n and_o subjection_n nor_o do_v your_o own_o civil_a law_n by_o as_o much_o as_o i_o know_v of_o they_o make_v any_o difference_n between_o the_o imperial_a and_o political_a law_n of_o the_o empire_n for_o by_o the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o the_o civilian_n understand_v such_o law_n or_o edict_n of_o the_o emperor_n which_o with_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o senate_n be_v make_v for_o the_o peace_n and_o well_o government_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o i_o never_o yet_o hear_v of_o any_o imperial_a law_n whereby_o the_o emperor_n declare_v that_o he_o have_v a_o right_a to_o plunder_v or_o murder_v all_o the_o citizen_n of_o rome_n or_o that_o they_o believe_v they_o be_v oblige_v to_o suffer_v by_o your_o imperial_a law_n without_o any_o resistance_n i_o be_o sure_a the_o senate_n and_o people_n do_v not_o believe_v that_o the_o emperor_n have_v any_o such_o authority_n when_o they_o declare_v nero_n and_o maximin_n for_o their_o intolerable_a cruelty_n not_o only_o enemy_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o of_o mankind_n but_o if_o by_o these_o imperial_a law_n of_o nonresistance_n you_o mean_v no_o more_o than_o what_o you_o lay_v down_o in_o your_o syllogism_n that_o it_o be_v a_o inseparable_a right_n or_o prerogative_n of_o sovereign_a power_n not_o to_o be_v resist_v by_o their_o subject_n when_o you_o have_v prove_v this_o proposition_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o reason_n i_o shall_v then_o believe_v it_o but_o as_o for_o your_o conclusion_n it_o be_v found_v upon_o these_o premise_n it_o need_v no_o confutation_n for_o if_o the_o imperial_a law_n of_o government_n do_v not_o require_v your_o passive_a obedience_n then_o subject_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o perform_v it_o and_o to_o show_v you_o the_o falseness_n and_o absurdity_n of_o this_o assertion_n that_o whatsoever_o the_o imperial_a law_n of_o any_o government_n require_v of_o its_o subject_n if_o it_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o god_n law_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v it_o in_o stead_n of_o passive_a obedience_n or_o patient_n suffer_v of_o injury_n let_v we_o insert_v to_o give_v up_o to_o the_o sovereign_a all_o our_o civil_a property_n and_o estate_n if_o demand_v by_o he_o be_v not_o forbid_v by_o god_n law_n and_o therefore_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o perform_v it_o when_o ever_o it_o be_v require_v by_o the_o imperial_a law_n for_o certain_o the_o absolute_a disposal_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v as_o unseparable_a a_o prerogative_n of_o sovereign_a power_n as_o irresistibility_n itself_o as_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o prove_v if_o you_o think_v fit_a to_o dispute_v that_o question_n but_o at_o present_a i_o shall_v only_o confine_v myself_o to_o confute_v the_o major_a in_o your_o syllogism_n in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o though_o i_o do_v grant_v what_o you_o lay_v down_o for_o a_o ground_n to_o be_v true_a that_o it_o belong_v to_o sovereign_a power_n to_o be_v accountable_a to_o or_o punishable_a by_o none_o but_o god_n yet_o i_o suppose_v resistance_n of_o their_o violence_n and_o tyranny_n may_v very_o well_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o people_n without_o call_v they_o to_o a_o judicial_a account_n or_o erect_v a_o tribunal_n for_o that_o purpose_n call_v to_o a_o account_n and_o punishment_n be_v act_n of_o authority_n of_o superior_n over_o inferior_n but_o resistance_n for_o self-defence_n be_v a_o right_n of_o nature_n and_o which_o no_o man_n by_o enter_v into_o civil_a government_n ever_o part_v withal_o but_o out_o of_o consideration_n of_o a_o great_a good_a to_o be_v obtain_v thereby_o viz._n his_o own_o great_a security_n together_o with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o that_o civil_a society_n whereof_o he_o be_v a_o member_n which_o when_o by_o the_o prince_n violence_n it_o be_v once_o like_a to_o be_v whole_o lose_v his_o natural_a right_n of_o self-defence_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o himself_o and_o family_n again_o take_v place_n nor_o do_v he_o then_o resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n as_o such_o but_z as_o murderers_z and_o cutthroat_n who_o by_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v the_o people_n have_v already_o loft_n all_o that_o right_o they_o former_o have_v and_o of_o this_o opinion_n be_v that_o moderate_a romish_a author_n barclay_n before_o cite_v who_o in_o the_o 16_o chap._n of_o the_o book_n last_o quote_v have_v this_o remarkable_a passage_n what_o then_o can_v there_o no_o case_n happen_v in_o which_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o people_n by_o their_o own_o authority_n to_o rise_v up_o and_o resist_v a_o king_n govern_v tyrannical_o his_o answer_n to_o this_o question_n be_v there_o be_v certain_o none_o as_o long_a as_o he_o continue_v king_n for_o the_o scripture_n forbid_v it_o which_o say_v honour_v the_o king_n and_o he_o who_o resist_v the_o power_n resist_v the_o ordinance_n of_o god_n therefore_o the_o people_n can_v have_v no_o power_n against_o he_o unless_o he_o commit_v something_o by_o which_o he_o may_v cease_v to_o be_v king_n for_o than_o he_o himself_o abdicate_v his_o kingship_n and_o become_v a_o private_a man_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o people_n be_v make_v free_a that_o right_o return_v to_o they_o which_o they_o have_v before_o the_o king_n be_v make_v but_o there_o be_v but_o few_o fact_n of_o that_o nature_n which_o can_v produce_v such_o effect_n and_o i_o can_v when_o i_o think_v of_o it_o find_v more_o than_o two_o case_n in_o which_o a_o king_n do_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la make_n himself_o no_o king_n and_o thereby_o deprive_v himself_o of_o all_o honour_n regal_a dignity_n and_o power_n which_o also_o winzerus_n take_v notice_n of_o one_o of_o these_o be_v if_o he_o destroy_v his_o kingdom_n and_o then_o give_v we_o the_o example_n of_o nero_n and_o caligula_n as_o i_o have_v already_o do_v and_o next_o proceed_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o when_o any_o king_n design_n and_o do_v serious_o endeavour_v to_o put_v this_o in_o practice_n he_o cast_v off_o all_o care_n and_o desire_v of_o govern_v and_o therefore_o thereby_o lose_v his_o empire_n over_o his_o subject_n as_o a_o lord_n of_o a_o servant_n lose_v his_o dominion_n over_o he_o by_o give_v up_o all_o care_n and_o government_n of_o he_o and_o of_o this_o opinion_n likewise_o be_v 7.11_o grotius_n and_o pâ—ffendorf_n 7._o the_o two_o best_a and_o most_o learned_a writer_n on_o this_o subject_a who_o do_v not_o think_v it_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o gospel_n for_o subject_n to_o resist_v the_o king_n if_o with_o a_o hostile_a mind_n he_o seek_v the_o destruction_n of_o his_o people_n for_o say_v the_o former_a the_o will_n of_o command_v and_o destroy_v can_v consist_v together_o and_o therefore_o he_o who_o profess_v himself_o a_o enemy_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n do_v thereby_o abdicate_v the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o can_v scarce_o seem_v to_o happen_v in_o a_o king_n in_o his_o right_a wit_n and_o who_o command_v only_o one_o kingdom_n but_o if_o he_o command_v more_o kingdom_n it_o may_v so_o happen_v that_o he_o will_v destroy_v the_o people_n of_o one_o nation_n to_o gratify_v the_o other_o that_o he_o may_v there_o make_v colony_n of_o they_o and_o this_o i_o suppose_v grotius_n speak_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o they_o say_v have_v declare_v that_o if_o he_o overcome_v the_o dutch_a then_o in_o arm_n against_o he_o he_o will_v fell_v the_o people_n for_o slave_n into_o america_n and_o people_n the_o country_n with_o spaniard_n m._n you_o very_o much_o mistake_v i_o if_o you_o think_v by_o imperial_a i_o mean_v the_o roman_a law_n but_o only_o the_o common_a law_n of_o sovereignty_n which_o though_o they_o destroy_v no_o man_n natural_a ib._n or_o civil_a right_n yet_o both_o grant_v and_o confirm_v unto_o the_o legal_a sovereign_n in_o every_o government_n the_o essential_a right_n of_o sovereignty_n of_o which_o i_o take_v nonresistance_n not_o only_o for_o wrath_n but_o conscience_n lake_n to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o venture_v the_o utmost_a that_o a_o tyrant_n can_v do_v towards_o his_o people_n by_o destroy_v they_o than_o to_o give_v the_o least_o inlet_n to_o rebellion_n by_o suppose_v the_o people_n may_v in_o any_o case_n whatsoever_o resist_v their_o prince_n for_o grant_v the_o worst_a that_o may_v happen_v that_o a_o prince_n once_o in_o 1000_o year_n to_o be_v so_o wicked_a and_o malicious_a as_o to_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v his_o people_n yet_o he_o can_v scarce_o find_v mean_n and_o hand_n enough_o to_o bring_v it_o about_o and_o admit_v he_o shall_v destroy_v by_o
the_o alderman_n or_o burgess_n of_o town_n represent_v those_o which_o we_o now_o call_v the_o commons_o and_o suppose_v that_o then_o there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n yet_o these_o be_v then_o the_o only_a proprietor_n of_o any_o considerable_a estate_n of_o land_n in_o the_o nation_n may_v very_o well_o represent_v all_o their_o vassal_n or_o vnder-tenent_n as_o tenant_n for_o year_n and_o at_o will_n be_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n though_o they_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o their_o election_n to_o conclude_v though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o king_n be_v of_o england_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o that_o honour_n which_o we_o call_v peerage_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o in_o pursuance_n of_o that_o ancient_a constitution_n which_o their_o ancestor_n bring_v out_o of_o old_a saxony_n and_o normandy_n along_o with_o they_o as_o the_o firm_a defence_n of_o kingly_a power_n against_o the_o insolency_n and_o encroachment_n of_o the_o common_a or_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n as_o well_o as_o tyranny_n in_o their_o prince_n and_o therefore_o in_o all_o monarchy_n where_o there_o be_v no_o hereditary_a nobility_n the_o prince_n have_v no_o sure_a â—ay_n to_o maintain_v his_o power_n than_o by_o stand_v army_n to_o who_o humour_n and_o paction_n he_o be_v more_o subject_a and_o be_v also_o more_o liable_a to_o be_v murder_v or_o depose_v by_o they_o when_o discontent_v with_o he_o than_o ever_o any_o limit_a prince_n yet_o be_v or_o can_v be_v by_o his_o nobility_n or_o people_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o a_o multitude_n of_o example_n not_o only_o from_o the_o roman_a but_o moorish_a arabic_a and_o turkish_a history_n and_o therefore_o to_o constitute_v a_o last_a stable_n limit_v monarchy_n as_o we_o be_v it_o must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o model_n i_o have_v here_o propose_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o contradict_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o your_o discourse_n but_o i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o that_o if_o as_o you_o yourself_o grant_v there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n i_o can_v see_v how_o those_o we_o call_v the_o vulgar_a or_o commons_o of_o england_n have_v then_o any_o representative_n in_o the_o great_a council_n since_o those_o thanes_z or_o lord_n of_o manor_n who_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v represent_v their_o tenant_n or_o vassal_n be_v never_o choose_v by_o they_o and_o consequent_o can_v not_o proper_o be_v their_o representative_n but_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v easy_a enough_o to_o prove_v that_o none_o of_o your_o inferior_a or_o middle_a thanes_z but_o only_o the_o chief_a or_o superior_a have_v place_n in_o those_o assembly_n so_o that_o these_o feudal_n thanes_z or_o such_o as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a by_o military_a service_n be_v of_o the_o same_o kind_a with_o they_o that_o be_v after_o the_o norman_a time_n honorary_a or_o parliamentary_a baron_n and_o their_o thainland_n alone_o be_v the_o honorary_a thainland_n and_o such_o as_o be_v afterward_o parliamentary_a barony_n nor_o can_v i_o find_v any_o footstep_n in_o our_o ancient_a english_a history_n of_o city_n and_o burough_n send_v any_o representatives_n to_o those_o great_a council_n so_o that_o admit_v i_o shall_v own_o at_o present_a that_o the_o bishop_n and_o some_o great_a abbot_n have_v from_o the_o first_o settle_v of_o christianity_n in_o this_o island_n a_o indisputable_a place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o likewise_o that_o the_o earl_n alderman_n or_o great_a nobility_n have_v also_o vote_n in_o those_o assembly_n and_o that_o the_o chief_z thanes_z or_o less_o noble_n have_v also_o their_o place_n there_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o estate_n yet_o certain_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v of_o a_o much_o late_a date_n and_o owe_v its_o being_n either_o to_o the_o grace_n and_o favour_n of_o our_o king_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n or_o else_o to_o those_o that_o have_v usurp_v their_o power_n and_o this_o i_o think_v dr._n brady_n have_v very_o well_o prove_v against_o mr._n petyt_n and_o i_o think_v i_o can_v convince_v you_o also_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o by_o he_o as_o well_o as_o other_o argument_n be_v it_o not_o now_o too_o late_o to_o enter_v upon_o so_o long_a a_o subject_a f._n therefore_o pray_v let_v we_o defer_v any_o further_a discourse_n of_o this_o question_n till_o the_o next_o time_n we_o meet_v wherein_o i_o hope_v i_o may_v show_v you_o that_o if_o you_o owe_v that_o opinion_n to_o the_o doctor_n argument_n he_o have_v lead_v you_o into_o a_o very_a gross_a mistake_n and_o i_o shall_v only_o at_o present_a take_v my_o leave_n of_o you_o and_o bid_v you_o good_a night_n m._n i_o wish_v you_o the_o like_a advertisement_n a_o brief_a discourse_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n according_a to_o the_o principle_n and_o method_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o reverend_n dr._n cumberland_n now_o lord_n bishop_n of_o peterborough_n latin_a treatise_n on_o that_o subject_a as_o also_o his_o confutation_n of_o mr._n hobb_n principle_n put_v into_o another_o method_n with_o the_o right_n reverend_a author_n approbation_n finis_fw-la bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n whether_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n represent_v by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o parliament_n be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o or_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n collect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a dialogue_n the_o six_o london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o may_v be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o and_o five_o dialogue_n 1693._o author_n make_v use_v of_o and_o how_o denote_v 1._o mr._n pettit_n ancient_n right_o of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n asserted_n p.r.c._n 2._o dr._n brady_n answer_n thereunto_o edit_fw-la in_o folio_n b._n a._n p._n 3._o the_o say_v doctor_n be_v glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o b._n g._n 4._o anamadversion_n upon_o treatise_n janii_n anglorum_fw-la force_n novo_fw-la b._n a._n i._n 5._o the_o author_n of_o janus_n etc._n etc._n his_o confutation_n of_o the_o say_a doctor_n entitle_v janus_n anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antique_a i._n a._n a._n 6._o dr._n brady_n preface_n to_o his_o history_n b._n p._n h._n 7._o dr._n iohnston_n excellency_n of_o monarchical_a government_n i._o e._n m._n g._n the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n have_v in_o my_o last_o discourse_n treat_v of_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o also_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o our_o english_a government_n by_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o former_a of_o which_o question_n i_o shall_v scarce_o have_v dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o have_v i_o then_o know_v of_o a_o learned_a treatise_n now_o 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v publish_v on_o that_o subject_a i_o be_o at_o last_o arrive_v at_o the_o hard_a and_o most_o important_a though_o perhaps_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o some_o the_o dry_a and_o most_o unpleasant_a part_n of_o my_o task_n viz._n who_o be_v ancient_o the_o constituent_a part_n or_o order_n of_o man_n who_o make_v up_o thâ—se_a assembly_n that_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o chief_z thanes_z or_o baron_n be_v principal_a member_n be_v grant_v by_o all_o party_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v from_o the_o very_a original_a of_o these_o great_a council_n nay_o till_o long_o after_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n any_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o in_o distinction_n from_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a be_v a_o doubt_n which_o as_o it_o be_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v find_v first_o raise_v by_o a_o italian_a virgil._n who_o write_v the_o history_n of_o england_n in_o the_o last_o age_n so_o have_v it_o be_v continue_v by_o some_o antiquary_n of_o our_o present_a age_n though_o the_o first_o that_o ever_o appear_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a be_v a_o treatise_n publish_v by_o james_n howel_n in_o the_o cottoni_fw-la posthuma_n under_o the_o name_n of_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n about_o 1654._o but_o whether_o it_o be_v he_o or_o no_o i_o know_v not_o only_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o by_o mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o collection_n of_o record_n which_o he_o publish_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o same_o author_n in_o 1657._o and_o after_o he_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o sole_a representative_a for_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o those_o council_n be_v next_o print_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n parliamentum_fw-la where_o king_n john_n charter_n be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o the_o main_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o assertion_n the_o next_o who_o appear_v in_o prâ—nt_n on_o
this_o question_n be_v sir_n will._n dugdale_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la juridiciales_fw-la who_o though_o he_o transcribe_v the_o same_o notion_n and_o argument_n from_o the_o 〈◊〉_d mention_a glossary_a 15._o yet_o allow_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v always_o after_o some_o manner_n represent_v in_o parliament_n though_o not_o by_o representative_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n yet_o agree_v with_o the_o author_n of_o the_o passage_n in_o the_o glossary_a that_o the_o commons_o first_o begin_v by_o rebellion_n in_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o opinion_n be_v look_n upon_o not_o only_o as_o novel_a and_o erroneous_a but_o dangerous_a to_o the_o parlamental_a right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v oppose_v by_o william_n petyt_n esq_n in_o his_o treatise_n entitle_v the_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n assertio_fw-la which_o be_v also_o second_v by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o treatise_n call_v jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la facies_fw-la nova_fw-la but_o it_o be_v not_o long_o before_o both_o these_o book_n be_v animadvert_v upon_o by_o dr._n brady_n in_o two_o several_a edition_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o they_o and_o these_o be_v again_o vindicate_v by_o the_o author_n of_o jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o another_o treatise_n entitle_v jus_fw-la anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la which_o have_v not_o be_v yet_o answer_v i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o particular_a in_o give_v a_o account_n of_o these_o author_n because_o the_o controversy_n have_v be_v large_o debate_v in_o they_o i_o have_v for_o the_o save_v your_o trouble_n of_o read_v so_o many_o several_a book_n reduce_v all_o the_o material_a argument_n and_o authority_n man_n use_v of_o by_o both_o party_n in_o this_o weighty_a controversy_n into_o this_o dialogue_n and_o the_o next_o since_o so_o copious_a a_o argument_n can_v not_o be_v dispatch_v in_o a_o less_o compasâ—_n and_o 〈◊〉_d have_v not_o here_o give_v you_o all_o the_o argument_n and_o authority_n that_o be_v there_o make_v use_n of_o but_o only_o the_o most_o material_a and_o indisputable_a yet_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v use_v this_o liberty_n with_o that_o sincerity_n and_o respect_n to_o those_o learned_a author_n that_o none_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v any_o just_a caâ—â—t_n to_o complain_v of_o any_o partiality_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v confine_v myself_o to_o the_o word_n of_o those_o author_n as_o you_o will_v find_v by_o the_o quotation_n in_o the_o margin_n but_o i_o must_v own_v that_o have_v have_v the_o happiness_n of_o a_o long_a and_o familiar_a acquaintance_n with_o mr._n petyt_n i_o have_v be_v furnish_v by_o he_o with_o divers_a authority_n both_o manusâ—â—â—p_n and_o print_v not_o hitherto_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o any_o on_o this_o subject_a and_o have_v i_o the_o like_a opportunity_n of_o be_v personal_o know_v to_o the_o dr_n i_o shall_v have_v desire_v the_o same_o favour_n of_o 〈◊〉_d for_o such_o reply_v as_o he_o may_v perhaps_o make_v to_o they_o therefore_o all_o i_o can_v now_o do_v in_o this_o case_n be_v that_o if_o the_o dr._n or_o any_o friend_n of_o he_o shall_v think_v it_o worth_a their_o while_n to_o peruse_v and_o impartial_o to_o consider_v these_o discourse_n and_o shall_v then_o remain_v unsatisfied_a with_o any_o of_o the_o authority_n or_o argument_n here_o make_v use_n of_o if_o either_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v think_v fiâ—_n to_o mâ—â—â—_n any_o observation_n on_o they_o and_o will_v communicate_v their_o paper_n to_o the_o publisher_n of_o these_o dialogue_n i_o do_v here_o engage_v to_o take_v care_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v fair_o and_o true_o publish_v with_o answer_n to_o they_o if_o they_o will_v admit_v of_o any_o in_o a_o appendix_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o whole_a work_n when_o it_o be_v finish_v i_o have_v little_o more_o to_o trouble_v you_o with_o than_o to_o assure_v you_o that_o all_o the_o authority_n here_o make_v use_n of_o from_o our_o english_a historian_n and_o record_n be_v true_o cite_v without_o leave_v out_o or_o conceal_v any_o thing_n that_o i_o think_v make_v for_o or_o against_o either_o opinion_n but_o as_o for_o the_o record_n they_o be_v either_o such_o as_o have_v be_v sufficient_o try_v have_v pass_v for_o current_n between_o the_o dr_n and_o his_o antagonist_n or_o else_o such_o as_o i_o have_v see_v and_o examine_v with_o my_o own_o eye_n and_o consider_v the_o purport_n of_o they_o but_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o seem_v too_o prolix_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o disâ—â—â—se_n in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o divers_a word_n and_o phrase_n use_v by_o the_o dr._n and_o his_o opponent_n in_o a_o quite_o different_a sense_n from_o our_o ancient_a historian_n record_n and_o statute_n for_o if_o the_o â—â—â—ous_a use_n and_o equivocal_a meaning_n of_o those_o expression_n be_v true_o state_v and_o lay_v open_a according_a to_o the_o several_a age_n in_o which_o those_o author_n live_v or_o such_o law_n be_v make_v i_o reckâ—â—_n this_o great_a dispute_n as_o good_a as_o half_o end_v all_o that_o i_o shall_v far_o desire_v of_o you_o be_v careful_o and_o diligent_o to_o peruse_v the_o argument_n and_o authority_n and_o to_o examine_v the_o truth_n of_o they_o yourself_o if_o you_o doubt_v of_o any_o thing_n in_o they_o weigh_v and_o compare_v historian_n with_o historian_n and_o record_v with_o record_n and_o sometime_o both_o together_o as_o the_o subject-matter_n require_v and_o then_o i_o keep_v you_o will_v be_v able_a to_o make_v a_o right_a and_o impartial_a judgement_n on_o the_o 〈◊〉_d for_o as_o i_o have_v 〈◊〉_d in_o my_o province_n fair_o to_o report_v other_o man_n argument_n and_o notion_n so_o it_o be_v you_o to_o judge_v of_o they_o which_o i_o hearty_o desire_n may_v be_v without_o any_o unjust_a bias_n or_o partiality_n to_o 〈◊〉_d side_n the_o six_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n and_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n m._n sir_n you_o be_v welcome_a and_o since_o you_o be_v please_v to_o send_v i_o word_n that_o you_o will_v come_v and_o sit_v with_o i_o this_o evening_n i_o have_v be_v look_v over_o all_o the_o saxon_a council_n collect_v by_o mr._n lambard_n and_o sir_n h._n spelman_n and_o yet_o i_o can_v find_v in_o they_o any_o mention_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o burgess_n for_o city_n or_o burrough_n the_o only_a person_n there_o mention_v as_o member_n of_o those_o great_a council_n be_v archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o great_a lord_n and_o judge_n often_o call_v by_o the_o general_a 〈◊〉_d name_n of_o magnates_n principes_fw-la proceres_fw-la optimates_fw-la or_o primate_fw-la regni_fw-la which_o be_v all_o comprehend_v under_o the_o saxon_a word_n wites_n i._n e._n 〈◊〉_d g._n by_o who_o as_o sir_n h._n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n 〈◊〉_d mean_v only_a senator_n or_o wiseman_n that_o be_v either_o nobleman_n 〈◊〉_d great_a lawyer_n wite_v in_o somner_n saxon_a dictionary_n be_v first_o â—â—endred_v optimas_fw-la 67._o a_o noble_a man_n and_o than_o sapiens_fw-la a_o wiseman_n so_o 〈◊〉_d these_o wite_n or_o sapientes_fw-la so_o often_o mention_v in_o our_o ancient_a 〈◊〉_d law_n when_o they_o be_v put_v alone_o sparsim_fw-la signify_v all_o the_o ecclesiastic_a 〈◊〉_d well_o as_o lay-member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n such_o as_o earl_n aldermen_z and_o thanes_z and_o judges_z as_o dr._n b._n more_o particular_o prove_v in_o his_o glossary_a 〈◊〉_d the_o end_n of_o his_o first_o volume_n but_o by_o principes_fw-la and_o optimates_fw-la can_v only_o be_v mean_v noble_n or_o chief_a man_n as_o the_o word_n princeps_fw-la magnas_fw-la and_o optimas_fw-la do_v alâ—â—ys_n signify_v in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o of_o the_o king_n be_v great_a officer_n noblemen_z and_o judge_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o he_o please_v to_o choose_v out_o and_o 〈◊〉_d to_o his_o great_a council_n either_o for_o their_o great_a wisdom_n or_o estate_n to_o make_v 〈◊〉_d of_o their_o advice_n and_o assistance_n for_o the_o make_n of_o law_n therefore_o pray_v show_v i_o where_o there_o be_v any_o commons_o once_o mention_v in_o any_o of_o these_o council_n 10._o or_o any_o that_o represent_v they_o here_o be_v indeed_o particular_o mention_v arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbot_n alderman_n wites_z great-man_n and_o chief-man_n or_o nobleman_n these_o be_v all_o the_o order_n of_o man_n that_o be_v then_o the_o constituent_a 〈◊〉_d of_o those_o great_a council_n wittenagemotes_a and_o if_o the_o commons_o as_o now_o take_v and_o understand_v be_v then_o member_n of_o they_o they_o must_v be_v comprehend_v among_o the_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la the_o wiseman_n but_o that_o it_o can_v probable_o be_v so_o i_o shall_v prove_v 1_o that_o most_o of_o the_o saxon_a law_n in_o their_o preface_n be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v and_o ordain_v by_o their_o king_n
&_o legitimi_fw-la barones_n who_o as_o ordericus_n tell_v we_o come_v in_o with_o his_o father_n and_o settle_a themselves_o here_o after_o the_o conquest_n but_o as_o for_o your_o quotation_n out_o of_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n and_o ordericus_n vitalisâ—â—ncerning_v â—â—ncerning_z the_o english_a assist_v king_n william_n rufus_n against_o his_o brother_n robert_n 50._o by_o use_v the_o common_a bait_n of_o liberty_n viz._n promise_v that_o he_o will_v alleviate_v the_o rigid_a law_n of_o his_o father_n and_o give_v free_a liberty_n of_o hunt_v in_o his_o forest_n it_o be_v true_a he_o thereupon_o raise_v a_o indifferent_a army_n consist_v chief_o of_o english_a who_o as_o matthew_n paris_n tell_v we_o be_v no_o better_a than_o mercenary_a or_o stipendiary_a souldiâ—â—â—_n and_o who_o have_v either_o no_o estate_n or_o else_o have_v be_v turn_v out_o of_o they_o before_o so_o that_o this_o do_v not_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v man_n of_o any_o fortune_n who_o thus_o assist_v william_n rufus_n f._n as_o for_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v against_o the_o citation_n of_o the_o name_n out_o of_o doomsday_n book_n be_v not_o material_a since_o if_o english_a name_n be_v then_o common_a to_o the_o norman_n and_o they_o than_o the_o norman_a name_n may_v be_v as_o well_o common_a to_o the_o english_a and_o then_o many_o of_o those_o in_o england_n who_o by_o their_o name_n we_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v norman_n may_v be_v native_a englishman_n and_o as_o for_o what_o you_o urge_v against_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o charter_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v i_o think_v it_o be_v a_o downright_a wrest_n of_o the_o word_n francis_n and_o anglis_fw-la since_o no_o author_n that_o i_o know_v of_o but_o your_o dr._n and_o be_v of_o that_o opinion_n for_o that_o the_o word_n franci_n or_o franâ—igenae_n do_v signify_v such_o frenchman_n who_o hold_v barony_n in_o england_n be_v grant_v on_o all_o hand_n but_o how_o angli_fw-la must_v also_o signify_v frenchmen_n seem_v a_o paradox_n to_o i_o for_o how_o can_v these_o frenchman_n or_o norman_n be_v term_v englishman_n only_o because_o they_o hold_v estate_n here_o and_o not_o in_o normandy_n for_o if_o the_o have_v such_o and_o such_o estate_n in_o england_n will_v have_v turn_v frenchmen_n into_o englishman_n there_o need_v no_o such_o distinction_n to_o have_v be_v make_v between_o french_a and_o english_a baron_n in_o these_o charter_n since_o according_a to_o your_o doctor_n notion_n the_o french_a baron_n can_v be_v no_o other_o way_n mention_v here_o but_o as_o they_o have_v estate_n here_o and_o therefore_o can_v be_v only_o write_v to_o in_o that_o capacity_n since_o as_o mere_a frenchman_n they_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v here_o so_o that_o if_o this_o epithet_n be_v so_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o land_n they_o will_v have_v be_v style_v english_a baron_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o nor_o be_v your_o other_o evasion_n more_o to_o the_o purpose_n that_o by_o the_o angli_fw-la may_v be_v mean_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o i._o such_o norman_a or_o french_a baron_n who_o because_o they_o be_v bear_v in_o england_n may_v therefore_o be_v call_v english_a for_o who_o can_v believe_v that_o in_o so_o small_a a_o time_n as_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n william_n the_o i._o to_o that_o of_o king_n henry_n the_o i._o which_o be_v but_o a_o little_a above_o 30_o year_n so_o many_o of_o the_o norman_a nobility_n be_v dead_a as_o shall_v make_v it_o necessary_a to_o use_v this_o distinction_n of_o french_a and_o english_a baron_n since_o by_o their_o tenor_n they_o be_v both_o alike_a english_a and_o thus_o to_o make_v angli_fw-la signify_v norman_n be_v to_o confound_v and_o make_v all_o word_n though_o never_o so_o plain_a uncertain_a and_o equivocal_a but_o that_o a_o residue_n of_o the_o english_a and_o as_o for_o what_o ordericus_n say_v of_o the_o old_a norman_a baron_n it_o will_v have_v signify_v if_o you_o can_v have_v prove_v he_o have_v call_v they_o englishman_n as_o he_o do_v not_o but_o if_o you_o carry_v it_o further_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o empress_n maud_n and_o king_n stephen_n when_o all_o the_o old_a race_n of_o norman_n be_v certain_o dead_a then_o there_o be_v much_o less_o need_n of_o this_o distinction_n when_o all_o that_o be_v bear_v in_o england_n be_v english_a alike_o and_o therefore_o the_o word_n french_a can_v only_o extend_v to_o those_o few_o baron_n who_o be_v bear_v in_o normandy_n have_v estate_n here_o but_o since_o you_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o for_o the_o first_o four_o or_o five_o year_n of_o king_n william_n the_o i._o reign_n there_o be_v both_o english_a earl_n and_o baron_n till_o the_o king_n have_v by_o degree_n root_v they_o out_o there_o can_v be_v a_o better_a argument_n against_o your_o pretend_a right_n of_o conquest_n since_o it_o be_v plain_a king_n william_n can_v never_o pretend_v to_o take_v away_o their_o honour_n and_o estate_n as_o a_o conqueror_n since_o by_o his_o coronation_n oath_n he_o be_v swear_v to_o restrain_v all_o rapine_n and_o unjust_a judgement_n and_o that_o he_o will_v behave_v himself_o modest_o towards_o his_o subject_n and_o treat_v both_o the_o english_a and_o french_a with_o equal_a right_n so_o that_o if_o he_o afterward_o take_v away_o the_o estate_n of_o english_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n it_o be_v either_o because_o they_o deserve_v it_o by_o rebel_a against_o he_o &_o then_o it_o be_v just_o do_v or_o else_o it_o be_v do_v without_o any_o cause_n at_o all_o but_o only_o to_o oppress_v and_o root_v out_o the_o english_a proprietor_n and_o if_o so_o such_o action_n be_v contrary_a to_o his_o own_o claim_n from_o edward_n the_o confessor_n as_o also_o to_o his_o coronation_n oath_n can_v no_o more_o give_v he_o any_o such_o right_a to_o rob_v or_o spoil_v man_n of_o their_o estate_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n than_o it_o can_v give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o rob_v the_o church_n and_o monastery_n of_o all_o the_o plate_n money_n and_o jewel_n which_o he_o find_v in_o they_o even_o to_o the_o very_a chalaw_n and_o shrine_n as_o matthew_n paris_n and_o other_o author_n tell_v we_o he_o do_v in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o likewise_o according_a as_o you_o yourself_o set_v forth_o he_o begin_v to_o show_v himself_o a_o conqueror_n or_o rather_o a_o tyrant_n in_o the_o take_n away_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o english_a without_o any_o just_a cause_n but_o however_o the_o author_n of_o that_o time_n do_v not_o make_v so_o great_a a_o tyrant_n of_o your_o conqueror_n as_o the_o doctor_n for_o william_n of_o poictou_n express_o tell_v we_o who_o be_v chaplain_n to_o this_o king_n 208._o concern_v his_o take_n away_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o english_a and_o give_v they_o to_o the_o norman_n that_o nulli_fw-la tamen_fw-la gallo_n datum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la anglo_n cviquam_fw-la injustè_fw-fr fuerit_fw-la ablatum_fw-la and_o ordoricus_n vitalis_n speak_v of_o his_o deal_n with_o the_o english_a it_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n say_v express_o 506._o neminem_fw-la nisi_fw-la quèm_fw-la non_fw-la damnare_fw-la iniquum_fw-la foret_fw-la damnavit_fw-la and_o therefore_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n show_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_a out_o of_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n belong_v to_o the_o family_n of_o shurnborn_a in_o norfolk_n 184._o that_o edwin_n of_o sharborn_n and_o several_a other_o that_o be_v eject_v out_o of_o their_o estate_n and_o possession_n go_v to_o the_o conqueror_n and_o tell_v he_o that_o never_o either_o before_o or_o in_o or_o after_o the_o conquest_n they_o be_v against_o he_o the_o say_a king_n either_o by_o their_o advice_n or_o any_o other_o aid_n but_o keep_v themselves_o peaceable_o and_o quiet_o and_o this_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o make_v out_o which_o way_n soever_o the_o king_n please_v to_o appoint_v whereupon_o the_o say_a king_n order_v a_o inquisition_n to_o be_v make_v throughout_o all_o england_n whether_o it_o be_v so_o or_o no_o which_o be_v plain_o prove_v therefore_o he_o present_o command_v that_o all_o those_o who_o so_o keep_v themselves_o peaceable_o in_o manner_n aforesaid_a as_o these_o have_v do_v shall_v be_v repossess_v of_o all_o their_o estate_n and_o inheritance_n as_o full_o ample_o and_o quiet_o as_o ever_o they_o have_v or_o hold_v they_o before_o this_o conquest_n this_o be_v so_o plain_a a_o authority_n that_o it_o need_v no_o comment_n i_o shall_v now_o conclude_v with_o a_o reply_n to_o what_o you_o have_v say_v to_o evade_v the_o authority_n of_o those_o ancient_a author_n i_o have_v bring_v to_o prove_v that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n william_n the_o second_o there_o be_v many_o english_a gentleman_n leave_v of_o considerable_a estate_n which_o you_o and_o your_o doctor_n will_v â—ain_o make_v
and_o service_n to_o the_o hundred_o and_o county_z court_n and_o that_o these_o very_a man_n be_v such_o as_o after_o your_o conquest_n be_v call_v barones_n comitatus_fw-la appear_v in_o this_o that_o those_o who_o before_o the_o conquest_n be_v call_v thanes_z be_v afterward_o call_v baron_n of_o county_n in_o all_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o charter_n and_o for_o this_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o authority_n of_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n who_o though_o he_o do_v chief_o understand_v by_o this_o word_n all_o sort_n of_o feudal_a baron_n dwell_v in_o each_o county_n comitatus_fw-la proceres_fw-la nempe_fw-la &_o maneriorum_fw-la domini_fw-la yet_o nor_o only_o these_o but_o necnon_fw-la liberi_fw-la quique_fw-la tenentes_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la fundoâ—um_fw-la proprietarii_fw-la anglice_fw-la freeholder_n ut_fw-la superius_fw-la dectum_fw-la est_fw-la so_o that_o take_v it_o in_o which_o sense_n you_o will_v this_o word_n can_v signify_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o so_o much_o as_o military_a tenant_n as_o you_o suppose_v since_o a_o man_n may_v hold_v a_o manor_n by_o other_o tenor_n than_o knight_n service_n as_o by_o grand_a or_o petty_a serjeanty_n or_o in_o soccage_n by_o a_o certain_a rent_n and_o so_o likewise_o may_v he_o hold_v any_o other_o lesser_a estate_n of_o freehold_n by_o the_o like_a tenor_n which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o your_o drs._n fancy_n of_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n be_v then_o the_o only_a freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o who_o be_v capable_a of_o serve_v upon_o jury_n in_o the_o hundred_o and_o county_z court_n be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n without_o any_o ground_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v at_o our_o three_o meeting_n when_o i_o show_v you_o by_o the_o word_n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la so_o often_o mention_v in_o king_n william_n law_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v not_o only_a tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n but_o any_o other_o freeman_n or_o free_a holder_n who_o hold_v land_n or_o other_o possession_n which_o may_v be_v also_o prove_v far_o by_o the_o stat._n of_o merton_n cap._n 10._o as_o appear_v by_o this_o clause_n provisum_fw-la est_fw-la insuper_fw-la quod_fw-la quilibet_fw-la libre_fw-la â—omoqâ—â—_n sectam_fw-la debet_fw-la ad_fw-la comitatum_fw-la trithingum_fw-la hundredum_fw-la &_o wapentagium_fw-la vel_fw-la ad_fw-la 〈◊〉_d domini_fw-la svi_fw-la libere_fw-la possit_fw-la facere_fw-la attornatum_fw-la suum_fw-la ad_fw-la sectas_fw-la illas_fw-la pro_fw-la eo_fw-la faciendas_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o every_o freeman_n who_o be_v a_o master_n of_o a_o family_n and_o not_o under_o the_o power_n of_o another_o be_v then_o oblige_v to_o pay_v suit_n and_o service_n to_o the_o county_n trthe_v and_o hundred_o court_n but_o say_v you_o these_o person_n who_o be_v juror_n in_o this_o great_a cause_n between_o earl_n odo_n and_o archbishop_n lanfranc_n be_v there_o call_v primores_fw-la and_o probi_fw-la viri_fw-la not_o only_o of_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n but_o other_o county_n where_o the_o land_n lay_v and_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o the_o ordinary_a freeman_n which_o make_v the_o great_a number_n and_o be_v all_o bind_v to_o their_o good_a behaviour_n can_v be_v the_o probi_fw-la &_o legales_fw-la homines_fw-la who_o serve_v upon_o this_o jury_n well_o i_o grant_v it_o that_o these_o gentleman_n you_o speak_v of_o may_v be_v lord_n of_o manor_n and_o considerable_a for_o quality_n and_o estate_n and_o who_o alone_o be_v empanel_v upon_o jury_n in_o this_o and_o other_o such_o great_a trial_n of_o novel_a disseiâ—in_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o those_o lesser_a freeman_n or_o freeholders_n you_o mention_v be_v legales_fw-la homines_fw-la and_o as_o such_o be_v capable_a of_o try_v all_o cause_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o since_o sir_n h_n spelman_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o glossary_n title_n legalis_fw-la that_o in_o jure_fw-la nostro_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la dicitur_fw-la qui_fw-la stat_fw-la rectus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la non_fw-la exlex_fw-la seu_fw-la utlegatus_fw-la non_fw-la excommunicatus_fw-la vel_fw-la infamis_fw-la etc._n etc._n sed_fw-la qui_fw-la &_o in_fw-la lege_fw-la postulat_fw-la &_o postulâ—tur_fw-la hoc_fw-la sensu_fw-la vulgar_a illud_fw-la in_o formulis_fw-la juridicis_fw-la probi_fw-la &_o legalis_fw-la homines_fw-la so_o that_o he_o do_v not_o make_v as_o you_o do_v that_o a_o man_n legality_n must_v depend_v upon_o his_o tenure_n but_o upon_o his_o being_n rectus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o more_o a_o argument_n that_o because_o in_o some_o great_a trial_n in_o those_o time_n none_o but_o the_o chief_a and_o most_o considerable_a man_n in_o the_o county_n be_v empanel_v upon_o jury_n in_o the_o county_n court_n therefore_o none_o but_o they_o can_v ever_o serve_v there_o upon_o jury_n at_o all_o than_o it_o will_v be_v now_o for_o a_o man_n to_o affirm_v that_o because_o in_o great_a trial_n at_o the_o assize_n or_o at_o the_o bar_n at_o westminster_n only_a knight_n and_o gentleman_n be_v empanel_v therefore_o none_o but_o they_o and_o not_o any_o yeoman_n or_o countryman_n can_v ever_o serve_v upon_o jury_n at_o all_o but_o let_v these_o gentleman_n you_o mention_v have_v be_v all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knight_n service_n if_o you_o please_v yet_o will_v it_o not_o make_v good_a your_o assertion_n that_o they_o be_v only_a norman_n or_o frenchman_n who_o as_o the_o only_a proprietor_n of_o estate_n serve_v upon_o this_o and_o other_o jury_n at_o that_o time_n for_o they_o must_v have_v certain_o be_v such_o who_o of_o their_o own_o knowledge_n know_v the_o laud_n in_o question_n and_o to_o who_o they_o do_v belong_v before_o k._n william_n entrance_n into_o england_n and_o your_o dr._n himself_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n atwood_n janus_n 34._o full_o agree_v to_o this_o truth_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o passage_n which_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v read_v in_o trial_n of_o novel_a dissâ—isin_n and_o for_o the_o possession_n of_o land_n custom_n service_n etc._n etc._n the_o juries_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n and_o in_o several_a of_o the_o king_n reign_n next_o succeed_v be_v empanel_v out_o of_o the_o same_o town_n and_o neighbourhood_n of_o such_o as_o do_v know_v the_o land_n and_o thing_n in_o question_n and_o who_o have_v be_v possess_v of_o it_o and_o for_o what_o time_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n in_o a_o assize_n if_o none_o of_o the_o juror_n know_v the_o right_n itself_o or_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o do_v testify_v so_o much_o to_o the_o court_n upon_o oath_n recourse_n be_v then_o have_v to_o other_o until_o such_o be_v find_v who_o do_v know_v the_o truth_n but_o if_o some_o do_v know_v the_o truth_n and_o other_o not_o those_o that_o know_v it_o not_o be_v put_v by_o and_o other_o call_v into_o the_o court_n until_o twelve_o at_o the_o least_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o agree_v therein_o and_o for_o this_o purpose_n it_o be_v that_o all_o suitor_n to_o hundred_o and_o country_n court_n be_v bind_v to_o appear_v there_o under_o great_a penalty_n that_o thâ—re_o may_v be_v a_o jury_n of_o such_o as_o know_v who_o the_o land_n be_v and_o so_o far_o your_o dr._n be_v very_o much_o in_o the_o right_a but_o then_o that_o all_o the_o gentleman_n that_o serve_v upon_o this_o jury_n must_v be_v englishman_n be_v as_o plain_a from_o the_o reason_n he_o have_v now_o give_v we_o and_o if_o he_o have_v not_o tell_v we_o so_o we_o have_v a_o undeniable_a authority_n for_o it_o to_o wit_v the_o ancient_a mss._n call_v codex_fw-la roffâ—nsis_fw-la 197._o quote_v by_o mr._n selâ—en_o in_o his_o note_n upon_o eadmerus_n where_o speak_v of_o this_o trial_n praecipit_fw-la rex_fw-la comitatum_fw-la totum_fw-la viz._n of_o kent_n absque_fw-la mora_fw-la considere_fw-la &_o homines_fw-la comitatus_fw-la omnes_fw-la francigenas_n &_o praeciput_fw-la anglos_n in_fw-la antiquis_fw-la legibus_fw-la &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la peritos_fw-la inâ—unum_fw-la convenire_fw-la but_o it_o also_o add_v &_o alii_fw-la aliorum_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la homines_fw-la and_o so_o confirm_v what_o eadmerus_n say_v so_o that_o nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a by_o your_o doctor_n own_o show_v as_o also_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o this_o ancient_a author_n that_o this_o great_a cause_n be_v try_v either_o by_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o other_o great_a freeholders_n be_v all_o englishman_n or_o such_o frenchman_n as_o be_v here_o before_o your_o conquest_n so_o that_o from_o this_o famous_a trial_n we_o may_v draw_v two_o of_o three_o confusion_n direct_o contrary_a to_o your_o assertion_n first_o that_o there_o be_v many_o great_a proprietor_n not_o only_o in_o kent_n but_o in_o other_o county_n as_o appear_v by_o eadmerus_n who_o be_v a_o sufficient_a number_n to_o try_v cause_n in_o the_o county_n court_v a_o good_a while_n after_o your_o conqueror_n come_v over_o second_o that_o the_o plead_n and_o verdict_n in_o this_o cause_n be_v before_o englishman_n and_o give_v by_o they_o must_v have_v be_v all_o in_o