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A51275 Geography rectified, or, A description of the world in all its kingdoms, provinces, countries, islands, cities, towns, seas, rivers, bayes, capes, ports : their ancient and present names, inhabitants, situations, histories, customs, governments, &c. : as also their commodities, coins, weights, and measures, compared with those at London : illustrated with seventy six maps : the whole work performed according to the more accurate observations and discoveries of modern authors / by Robert Morden. Morden, Robert, d. 1703. 1688 (1688) Wing M2620; ESTC R39765 437,692 610

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to transport themselves thither As to the right which the twenty four Proprietors have to this Country it is derived from the Title of the late Sir George Carteret by conveyance from the Earl of Bath and other Trustees joyning with the Lady Carteret and is since granted and confirmed in the year ●●82 to them their Heirs and Assigns for ever by his present Majesty King James the Second under his Hand and Seal with all the Royalties Powers and Governments thereof The late King Charles the Second was also pleased to approve of the said Grant and Confirmation by publication under his Royal Signet and Sign Manual dated 23d of November 1683. therein and thereby commanding all Planters and Inhabitants within the Limits of the said Province to yield all due Regard and Obedience to the said Proprietors their Deputies Agents c 1686. In this Province are some Noblemen and several Gentlemen of the Scotch Nation interested as well as those of England some of which are gone themselves and Families and are setled there and many hundred others are sent from thence who have made good Farms and Plantations there and sundry persons are concerned in Shares under several of the Proprietors some have half some a quarter others an eighth or tenth Share c. and these have Tracts of Land laid out to them by the Surveyor General according to the proportions of their respective Interest upon their sending over Families and Servants to settle there The Traders in the Towns being furnished with such Goods and Merchandize from England as are proper for those Parts where the ●lanters and Farmers may be supplied with all such necessaries They having good Stocks of Corn and Cattle not only for Commutation at home but for Exportation abroad to other places that want The Town of Newark alone in one year made ready a thousand Barrels of good Cyder out of the Orchards of their own Planting And the Town of Woodbridge above five hundred Barrels of Pork this Province affording Corn and Cattle and other product to ship off to the Caribbe Islands c. to supply those Neighbours who have not that plenty In this Province of East Jarsey is this further encouragement there is such good Provision made for Liberty of Conscience and Property in Estate by the Fundamental Constitutions or great Charter on behalf of all the Inhabitants as Men and Christians that very many from other parts of America as well as from Europe have chosen to go thither to live where they do not only quietly and freely enjoy their Estates but also an uninterrupted freedom in the Exercise of their Religion according to their particular Persuasions Such as desire to Transport Themselves and Families or be otherways concern'd in this Colony may be directed at the Sign of the Star in George Yard in Lombard-street where and when to meet with some of the Proprietors who will give them further Information A New Map of NEW ENGLAND and NEW YORK By Robt. Morden NEw England is a vast Tract of Land happily Situated reaching from forty to forty five Degrees of Northern Latitude in the middle of the Temperate Zone and parallel to some part of Italy in the Eastern Hemispere The Country for many Miles it not Mountainous yet intermixt with pleasant Collines Plains and Meadows For Rivers it hath in its largest extent Delaware River navigable one hundred and thirty Miles Hudsons River Navigable above one hundred Miles Connecticut River Navigable above fifty Miles Marimeck River Pascataway and many others conveniently Navigable and for less Rivers and Brooks you can hardly travel a few Miles without passing one The Soil is fruitful and yields Wheat Rye Pease Beans Barley Oats Indian Corn Flax Hemp and all sorts of English Herbs and excellent Simples proper for the Country For Food it hath Beef Pork Mutton plentiful besides Goats Deer c. For Fish Fowl and good Cyder it excels with good Cellarage to preserve all which is not common in Virginia The South side of their Houses are in many places begirt with Hives of Bees which increase very much For Fruit it hath Apples Pears Plums Quinces Cherries Apricoks Peaches in standing Trees and many sorts of wild Blew Black and White Grapes and their wild white Muscadine Grape makes a pleasant Wine For Timber it hath several sorts of Oak and their white Swamp Oak whereof they have great quantities is esteemed near as tough as any in Europe besides Walnut Ash Pine Cedar c. For Trade they have all sorts of Provisions for the Belly as of Flesh Fish and all Grain as Corn Pease c. And Masts for Ships Deal-boards Iron Tar Bever Moose-skins Furs and some hundred Vessels and Ships of their own and Merchants who disperse their commodities to the West Indies and from thence to England The Country is capable of many other Commodities as Wine Salt Brandy c. When labor grows more cheap by the farther increase of their own Children or purchase of Negros They have many Towns supplied with good Ministers and have two Colleges at Cambridge they train their Youth when past sixteen year old and so make them bold and resolute As to their Government they had fourteen Magistrates and were not to exceed eighteen Assistants by their Patent whereof one is annually chosen Governor and another Deputy-Governor by the People who are jealous of the infringment of their Priviledges For Religion they are Protestants much as Perkins they pray for the King and the English Nation and for the Protestant Religion throughout the World. As to the Weather the old Planters say that fifty years since when the Country was not so much opened by the felling of the Woods they had much more heat in Summer and more cold in Winter then they had since and that they find the Winters still lessen as the Country is more opened Their Winter begins in December and commonly ends in February The North West Winds blow very keen and sometimes hold forty eight hours After that with the change of the Wind they have moderate Weather So they reckon to have ten or twelve cold days in a Winter which days are colder than in the same Climate in Europe Their Summer is hotter and that heat more certain and yet more tolerable than this of England being moderated and allayed with often Breezes and is very peculiar and agreeable to the Bodies of those of our Nation the Air being most generally serene sweet and exceeding healthy And if any Fogs arise the North West and West Winds do quickly disperse them and the Country sends forth such a fragant smell that it may be perceived ere we make Land. The Metropolis of New England is Boston commodiously seated for Traffick on the Sea-shore a very large and spacious Town or indeed City composed of several well-ordered Streets and adorned with fair and beautiful Houses well inhabited by Merchants and Tradesmen it is also a place of good strength having several Fortifications
such miles are exactly equal to a Degree I shall here note that no Country doth in all parts of its Territories make use of the same extent in measuring The Germans have their great little and ordinary miles the Leagues of France and Spain are of different lengths and so are the miles in our own Country The Earth as was said before is encompassed about with the Water which washing and surrounding the dry Land cuts out and shapes so many winding Bays Creeks and meandring Inlets and seems no where so much confined and penned as in the Straits of Magellan from whence again expatiating it spreads its self into two immense and almost boundless Oceans which give Terminaries to the four Regions of the Earth and extending it self round them all is but one continued Ocean The Water is either Ocean Seas Straits Creeks Lakes or Rivers The Ocean is a general Collection or Rendezvouz of all Waters The Sea is a part of the Ocean and is either exterior lying open to the shore as the British or Arabian Seas or interior lying within the Land to which you must pass through some Strait as the Mediterranean or Baltick Seas A Strait is a narrow part or Arm of the Ocean lying betwixt two Shores and opening a way into the Sea as the Straits of Gibralter the Hellespont c. A Creek is a small narrow part of the Sea that goeth up but a little way into the Land otherwise called a Bay a Station or Road for Ships A Lake is that which continually retains and keeps Water in it as the Lakes Nicurgua in America and Zaire in Africa A River is a small Branch of the Sea flowing into the Land courting the Banks whilst they their Arms display to embrace her silver waves Of the Names of the Ocean According to the four Quarters it had four Names From the East it was called the Eastern or Oriental Ocean from the West the Western or Occidental Ocean from the North the Northern or Septentrional and from the South the Southern or Meridional Ocean But besides these more general Names it hath other particular Appellations according to the Countries it boundeth upon and the Nature of the Sea As it lies extended towards the East it is called the Chinean Sea from the adjacent Country of China Towards the South 't is called Oceanus Indicus or the Indian Sea because upon it lies the Indians Where it touches the Coast of Persia it is called Mare Persicum So also Mare Arabicum from Arabia So towards the West is the Ethiopian Sea. Then the Atlantick Ocean from Atlas a Mountain or Promontory in Africa but more Westward near to America it is called by the Spaniards Mar del Nort and on the other side of America it is called Mar del Zur or Mare Pacificum Where it toucheth upon Spain it is called Oceanus Hispanicus by the English the Bay of Biscay The Sea between England and France is called the Channel between England and Ireland the Irish Sea Between England and Holland it is called by some the German or rather the British Ocean Beyond Scotland it is called Mare Caledonium higher towards the North it is called the Hyperborean or Frozen Sea more Eastward upon the Coast of Tartary the Tartarian Sea or Scythian Ocean c. The Names of the Inland Seas are 1. The Baltick Sea by the Dutch called the Oast Zee by the Inhabitants Die Belth lying between Denmark and Sweden the chief Entrance whereof is called the Sound 2. Pontus Euxinus or the Black Sea to which joyns Me●tis Palus now Mar de Zabacke The third is the Caspian or Hircanian Sea. The fourth is the Arabian Gulf Mare Erythaeum Mare Rubeum or the Red Sea. The fifth is the Persian Gulf or the Gulf de Elcatif The sixth is Mare Mediterraneum by the English the Straits by the Spaniards Mar de Levant the beginning or entrance of it is called the Straits of Gibralter rather Gibal-Tarif Now that all Places Cities Towns Seas Rivers Lakes c. may be readily found out upon the Globe or Map all Geographers do or should place them according to their Longitude and Latitude the use of which in the absolute sense is to make out the position of any Place in respect of the whole Globe or to shew the Scituation and distance of one place from and in respect of any other Longitude is the distance of a place from the first Meridian reckoned in the degrees of the Equator beginning by some at the Canaries by others at the Azores by reason of which Confusion I have made the Longitudes in this English Geography to begin from London and are reckoned Eastward and Westward according as they are situated from London on the top of the Map. And have also added the Longitude from the Tenerif round about the Globe of the Earth at the bottom of the Map as usually in the Dutch Maps that so you may by inspection only see the Truth or Error if you compare them with the Tables or Maps formerly Extant The Latitude of a place is the distance of the Equator from that place reckoned in the degrees of the great Meridian and is either North or South according as it lies between the North and South-Poles of the Equator EVROPE is divided into these Kingdoms or Estates   Cities Modern Cities Old. Northwards The Isles of Great Britain or England Scotland Wales and Ireland c. London Londinium Edinburgh Alata Castra Welshpool Trillinum Dublin Eblana Scandinavia contains the Kingdoms of Denmark Norway Sweden Copenhagen Haphnia Berghen Bergae Stockholm Holmia The several Kingdoms of Russia or Moscovia L'Arcangel Archangelopolis Moskow Moscha The Estates of the Kingdom of Poland Cracow and Cracovia Dantzick Gedanum In the Middle The Northern Estates of Turkie in Europe Tartaria Europa Walachia Moldavia Transilvania Hungaria Caffa Theodosia Tarvis Targoviscum Jassy Jassium Weissemburg Alba Julia Buda Sicambia The Empire of Germany Vienna Ala Flaviana The Estates or Republicks of Switzerland 7Vnited Provinces 10 Spanish Provinc Zurick Tigurium Amsterdam Amsterodamum Antwerpen Andoverpum Kingdom or 12 Gover. of France Paris Lutetia Southwards Kingdoms Principal of Spain Madrid Madritum The Kingdom of Portugal Lisbon Olysippo Estates of the Duke of Savoy c. Chambery Cameriacum Kingdoms and Estates in Italy Rome Roma The Kingdom and Isle of Sicily Messina Messana The Southern Estates of Turkie in Europe Sclavonia Croatia Dalmatia Ragusa Bosnia Servia Bulgaria Romania Zagrab Sisopa Vihitz Vihitza Zara Jadera Ragusa Epidaurus Bosna Serai Jayeza Belgrade Alba Graeca Sophia Sardica Constantinople Byzantium The Estates of Greece Athini Athaenae The Islands of Negropont Candia Sardinia c. Negropont Eubaea Candia Matium Cagliari Calaris Of Europe EVROPE by Robt. Morden EVROPE one of the four great Parts of the World is also the most considerable in Respect of the Beauty of her Kingdoms and Commonwealths the Politeness of her Inhabitants the Excellent Government of her Cities as also in Regard
Title Counties or Shires Titles Cities and Towns. Latitude Com Dist Me. Dist M T. P. M Par. Con. Old Names   Bedfordshire E. Bedford 51 8 40 94 9 4 116 Bedfordia E. Barkshire   Reading 41 23 32 60 1● 9 140 Readingum   B●ckinghamsa D.M. Buckingham 52 00 44 40 15 4 185 Buckingamia   Cambridgshire E. Cambridg * 52 15 44 52 7 6 163 Camboritum       Ely B. C. 52 26 57 68       Eli●   Cheshire C. P.   Chester B. C. 53 17 140 182 1● 4 68 Deva D. Cor●wal   Launceston 50 49 175 210 ●● 44 161 Lanstaphadonia       Tr●ro 50 27 211 263         D. Cumberland E. Carlile B. C. 54 59 229 ●01 16 6 58 Luguvallum   D●●byshire S. ●arby 52 58 98 1●● 12 4 106 Derbia E. Devonshire E. Exeter B. C. 50 4● 140 172       Isca Dami●●orum     Z. Plymou●● 50 ●● 184 ●1● 4● ●● 35● 〈◊〉 E. Dorsetshire ● Dorchester ●● 41 100 1●3 ●● ●● ●● D●●●n   D●●ham   Darnam B. C. 54 49 20● ●● ● ● 6● D●●l●●n E. Essex V. C Colchester 51 ●● 44 ●● ●● ● 415 Colonia       Chelmsford 51 47 25 ●●       Canoni●m   Glocesters● D. Glocester B.C. 51 54 ●3 1●5 ●● 8 180 Cleram   Hartfordshire   Hartford 51 49 20 21 1● ● 1●● Hartford●     E. St. Albons 51 45 20 21       Ver●l●mi●   Hampshire M. Winchester C. B. 51 3 54 67 20 26 24● Venta P●l●●rum     ● Southampton 50 5● ●2 ●5       Clau●●n●●a   Hereford●hire V. C. Hereford B C. 51 8 102 130 8 8 176 Herefordia E. Hantingto●●● E. Hentington 52 10 48 5● 6 4 71 Hantingdonia E. Kent A. B. Canterbury C. ●● 19 4● ●7 28 ●0 ●●● Daro●ernam     E. Rochester B. 51 24 2● ●●       R●fa   Lancashire C. P.   Lancaster ●4 27 187 2●2 2● 14 61 Longo●●is     E. Manchester ●● 35 1●7 1●●       Mancunium   Leicestershire E. Leicester 52 40 7● 9● 1● 4 2●0 Rhagae   Lincolnshire E. Lincoln 53 15 102 1●● ●1 12 631 Lindum E. Middlesex   London B. C. 51 31 0 0 5 8 73 Londinum       Westminster 51 ●0 1 1       Vestmonasteri●m D. Monmouth   Monmouth 51 52 100 127 7 3 156 Monumetia D. Norfolk   Norwich B. C. 52 42 90 108 34 12 625 Nor●●um     E. Yarmouth 52 44 100 122       Gariann●rum E. Northampton E. Peterborough BC 52 35 62 76 13 9 326 Petroburgum     F. Northampton 52 10 54 66       Antona Borealis D. Northand●●and D M E Newcastle 55 1 212 276 11 8 40 Gabrosentum E. Nottingham E. Nottingham 52 59 96 112 9 8 168 Nottinghamia   Oxfordshire F. Oxford B. C. 51 46 47 59 12 10 208 Oxonium F. Rutland   O●●h●m 52 42 74 94 2 12 47 Uxocona   Shropshire F. Shrewsbury 52 46 124 157       Salopia       Ludlow 52 27 105 136 16 12 170 Ludlo● D. Somersetshire E Bristol C. B. 51 28 94 115       Bristolium     E. Bath B. C. 51 23 87 96 34 18 385 A●p●e Calidae E. Staffordshire F. Litchfield B.C. 52 45 94 118 19 9 1●0 Lichf●ldia E.     Stafford 52 53 104 133       Staffordia   Suffolk V. C. Ipswich 52 10 60 68 30 15 464 Gippevicum E.     Bary 52 20 60 66       Villa Fa●stini   Sur●y F. Guilford 51 12 25 30 11 14 140 Neomagus     E. Kingston 50 23 10 12       Regiopolis E. Sussex E. Chichester B. C. 50 48 50 63 17 26 312 Cicestria   Warwickshire E. Warwick 52 20 67 90 15 6 158 Praesidium     E. Coventry B. C. 52 28 74 92       Conventria E. Westmorland   Kendal 54 23 203 258 8 ● 26 Concangium   W●●ashire E. Salisbury B. C. 51 3 70 8● 21 34 804 Sorbiodunum       Wilton 51 4 73 86           Worcestershire M.E. Worcester B.C. 52 18 85 112 11 9 152 Bannogenium   Yorkshire D. York A B. C. 53 58 150 192 58 30 563 Eboracum     D. Richmond 54 24 185 40       Richmondia THE better Part of the best Island in the whole Earth anciently together with Scotland as was said before called Great Britain and sometimes Albion was by Egbert the 18th King of the West Saxon advanced to the Honour of an intire Monarchy who having with prosperous Arms subdued the principal Kingdoms of the Saxon Heptarchy stiled himself the first Monarch and commanded this South Part of Britain should be called Angle or Engle-l●nd from the Angles a people of the lower Saxons of whom he was descended by the French Angleterre by the Germans Englandt and by the Inhabitants England It is in length from Berwick in the North to the Isle of Wight in the South 375 Miles and from Dover in the East to the Lands-End in Cornwall in the West about 328 of the same Miles whereof 73 make a Degree In Compass about 1300 Miles in Shape Triangular and by computation contains about 30 Millions of Acres being about the Thousandth part of the Globe and the Three hundred thirty third Part of the habitable Earth England was in the time of the Romans divided into Britania Prima Britania Secunda and Maxima Caesariensis the first of these contained the South Part of England the second all the Western Part now called Wales and the third the Northern parts beyond Trent After the Britans had received the Christian Faith they divided the same into three Provinces or Archbishopricks viz. of London which contained that of Britania Prima of York which contained that of Maxima Caesariensis of Caerlion under which was Britania Secunda But afterwards the Saxons divided it into Seven Kingdoms as aforesaid At present England according to its Respect of Church and State is subject to a fourfold division First into two Provinces or Archbishopricks Canterbury and York and under these are 22 Bishops or Episcopal Diocesses of which Canterbury hath 21 therefore called the Primate and Metropolitan of all England and that of York three Then there are Deanries 60 Arch Deanries Prebendaries and other Dignities 544 with 9725 Parochial Benefices and Vicaridges besides of good Competency for the Encouragement of the Clergy who for ability of Learning are not to be parallel'd in the World. A Catalogue of the Archbishopricks and Bishopricks of England Wales with what Counties are under their Jurisdictions and the Number of Parishes and Impropriations that are in each Diocess Archbishopricks and Bishopricks Countries under each of their Jurisdictions Par. in Dioces Imp. Dioc Canterbury Hath Canterbury and part of Kent besides peculiar in the Diocess of Canterbury 257 140 57 14 York Hath
undertake it Of Canada or Nova Francia CAnada so called from the River Canada which hath its Fountains in the undiscovered parts of this Western Tract sometimes inlarging it self into greater Lakes and presently contracted into a narrow Chanel with many great windings and falls having embosomed almost all the rest of the Rivers After a known Eastern course of near fifteen hundred Miles it empties it self into the great Bay of St. Lawrence over against the Isle of Assumption being at the Mouth thirty Leagues in breadth and one hundred and fifty fathom deep On the Northside whereof the French following the Tract of the said Cabot made a further discovery of the said Northern parts by the Name of Nova Francia The Country is full of Stags Bears Hares Martins and Foxes store of Conies Fowl and Fish not very fruitful or fit for Tillage the Air more cold than in other Countries of the same Latitude The chief places are Brest Quebeck and Taduosac a safe but small Haven The French Trade here for Bever Mouse-skins and Furs and are said to be about five thousand what discoveries have been made of late years of the Southern parts of this Country may be seen in the Map of Florida c. Nova Scotia COntains that part of Land which the French call Accadie or Cadie being so much of the main Land as lieth between the River Canada and the large Bay called Bay Francoise from the River of St. Croix upon the West to the Isle of Assumption on the East first discovered by Sebastian Cabot who setting sail from Bristol at the charge of King Henry the Seventh made a discovery of it unto the Latitude of sixty seven and a half Which being neglected after this the French planted on the North-side of the River Canada And after that Monsieur du Monts settled on part of that Land called Nova Scotia but in the year 1613 was outed by Sir Samuel Argal And in the year 1621 King James by Letters Patents made a donation of it to Sir William Alexander afterwards Lord Secretary of Scotland calling it Nova Scotia in pursuance of which Grant he in the year 1622 sent a Colony thither And I am informed that it was after by Acts of Parliament annexed to the Crown and Kingdom of Scotland however I think the French have now a Colony at Port Royal and are the only possessors of that Country Of Newfoundland THIS was first discovered by the two Cabots John and his Son S●bastian employed by King Henry the seventh 1497 the business laid aside was afterward revived by Thorn and Elliot two of Bristol who ascribed to themselves the discovery of it and animated King Henry unto the enterprise Anno 1527. In the mean time the French and Portugals resorted to it But the English would not relinquish their pretensions to the Primier Seisin and therefore in the year 1583 Sir Humphrey Gilbert took possession of it in the name of the Queen of England who being Shipwrack'd in his return the sending of a Colony was discontinued till the year 1608 when undertook by John Guy a Merchant of Bristol and in the year 1626 Sir George Calvert Knight then principal Secretary of State afterward Lord Baltimore obtained a Patent of part of Newfoundland which was erected into a Province and called Avalon where he caused a Plantation to be setled and a stately House and Fort to he built at Ferriland 'T is an Island for extent they say equalizing England from whence it is distant about five hundred and forty Leagues situate between the Degrees of forty five and fifty three Northern Latitude and is only severed from the Continent of America by an Arm of the Sea as England is from France It is famous for many excellent Bays and Harbors it hath great plenty of Fish Land and Water Fowl and is sufficiently stockt with Deers Hares Otters and Foxes which yield great Fur it affords stately Trees fit for Timber Masts Planks and other uses The Soil is esteemed fertile the Climate wholsom but the rigor of Winter and excessive Heats of Summer much detract from its praise Before the Island at the distance of twenty Leagues from the Raze lieth a long Bank or Ridge of Ground extending in length about two hundred and forty Leagues in breadth in the broadest place about five and twenty Leagues by Cabot called Bacalaos from the great multitude of Codfish which swarmed there so numerous that they hindred the passage of the Ships and is now called the Grand Bank where our Ships salt and dry their Fish There is no part of Newfoundland more happy for multiplicity of excellent Bays and Harbors than the Province of Avalon and there are vast quantities of Fish yearly caught by the English at Ferriland and at the Bay of Bulls though the whole Coast affords infinite plenty of Cod and Poor John which is grown to a setled Trade and were the English diligent to inspect the advantage of setling Plantations upon the Isle and raising Fortifications for the security of the place they might ingross the whole Fishery Of ICE-LAND ICe Land or the antient Thule supposed by some to be as large as Ireland Our English Masters who have fished there many years give this Account of it That the most Southerly part of it called Ingulf foot is in the Latitude of sixty four Degrees and twenty five Minutes And the most Northerly part is Rag-point in the Latitude of sixty six Degrees and five Minutes whereas our Maps as also the Great Atlas makes the Island above eighty eight Degrees of Nothern Latitude which gross mistake is refuted not only by Observation but also by the Suns continuance two hours above the Horizon in the middle of December in the most Northern part of the Island It is seated North Westerly from the North of Scotland viz. from the Start or Head Land of Orkney to the S. W. Head of Fero is fifty five Leagues and from thence to Ingulf-foot is eighty five Leagues more It hath four remarkable Mountains in it of which Hecla is the most famous which burns continually with a Blew Brimstone-like and most dreadful Flame vomiting up vast quantities of Brimstone and that when it burns with greatest vehemency it makes a terrible rumbling like the noise of loud Thunder and a fearful Crackling and Tearing that may be heard a great way off See more of this in Martineres Northern Voyage page 134. In the Philosophical Transaction Number 103 Dr. Paul Biornonius Resident informs us That it abounds with hot Springs of which some are so Hot that in a quarter of an hours time they will sufficiently boil a piece of Beef Arugreim Jonas tell us It was inhabited by the Norwegians Anno 874 afterwards by the Danes under whose Government and Religion it now is The Island is well peopled but they live only in the Vallies and towards the Sea-shore Their Dwellings are rather Caves than Houses The Inhabitants are said to be a Lusty