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venerabâ—lis_fw-la archie_n â—iscopi_n augustini_fw-la ac_fw-la principum_fw-la meorum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la aedbaldi_n silij_fw-la mei_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la nobilium_fw-la optimatum_fw-la meorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la as_o his_o charter_n reciâ—e_v give_v grant_v and_o confirm_v to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o paul_n in_o canterbury_n for_o ever_o sundry_a land_n precious_a utensil_n privilege_n and_o immunity_n by_o his_o charter_n make_v and_o ratify_v in_o this_o council_n in_o which_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a he_o likewise_o make_v those_o judicial_a decree_n and_o law_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o wise_a man_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o people_n in_o his_o own_o country_n saxon_a language_n which_o our_o venerable_a 5._o beda_n 1._o william_n of_o malmesbury_n 226._o huntandon_n 738._o bromton_n and_o 602._o other_o mention_v only_o in_o the_o general_n and_o bishop_n 127._o enulph_n have_v register_v to_o posterity_n in_o his_o famous_a manuscript_n entitle_v textus_fw-la rosfensis_fw-la of_o which_o i_o have_v give_v you_o some_o account_n before_o section_n 3._o p._n 50_o 51_o 52._o on_o which_o you_o may_v reflect_v in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 627_o 632._o paulinus_n persuade_v edwin_n king_n of_o northumberland_n to_o become_v a_o christian_n to_o avod_v eternal_a torment_n and_o to_o be_v make_v a_o partaker_n of_o the_o kongdom_n of_o heaven_n the_o king_n answer_v that_o he_o be_v both_o willing_a and_o â—ught_v to_o receive_v the_o faith_n which_o he_o teach_v but_o he_o ought_v first_o to_o confer_v with_o his_o friend_n prince_n and_o counsellor_n concern_v it_o thâ—â—_n so_o if_o they_o concur_v in_o judgement_n with_o â—im_n â—â—ey_o may_v all_o be_v baptise_v together_o assemble_v therefore_o his_o wiseman_n and_o advise_v with_o they_o he_o â—emanded_v several_o of_o they_o all_o what_o that_o doctrine_n which_o they_o never_o hear_v of_o till_o then_o and_o that_o new_a worship_n of_o god_n which_o be_v preach_v by_o paulinus_n seem_v to_o tâ—em_v 6._o to_o who_o coyfi_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o priest_n present_o answer_v do_v thou_o consider_v o_o king_n what_o that_o religion_n be_v which_o be_v now_o preach_v to_o we_o i_o profess_v unto_o thou_o that_o which_o i_o have_v most_o certain_o learn_v that_o the_o religion_n we_o have_v hitherto_o embrace_v have_v no_o virtue_n at_o all_o in_o it_o whereupon_o it_o remain_v that_o if_o those_o new_a thing_n which_o be_v now_o preach_v unto_o we_o shall_v appear_v to_o thou_o upon_o examination_n to_o be_v better_a and_o strong_a than_o our_o religion_n let_v we_o hasten_v to_o embrace_v they_o without_o any_o delay_n to_o who_o wise_a persuasion_n and_o word_n another_o of_o the_o king_n noble_n give_v his_o assent_n speak_v something_o concern_v the_o brevity_n and_o incertainty_n of_o this_o life_n and_o of_o their_o ignorance_n and_o incertainty_n of_o that_o life_n which_o be_v to_o come_v conclude_a that_o if_o this_o new_a doctrine_n bring_v any_o thing_n to_o they_o more_o certain_a than_o that_o they_o former_o embrace_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v deserve_o follow_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o elder_n and_o king_n counsellor_n prosecute_a the_o like_a thing_n by_o divine_a admonition_n coyfi_n add_v that_o he_o desire_v to_o hear_v paulinus_n preach_v concern_v god_n more_o diligent_o than_o before_o which_o when_o he_o have_v do_v by_o the_o king_n command_n he_o cry_v out_o have_v hear_v his_o preach_n i_o heretofore_o understand_v that_o what_o we_o worship_v be_v nothing_o because_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o diligent_o i_o seek_v the_o truth_n in_o that_o worship_n the_o less_o i_o find_v it_o but_o now_o i_o open_o profess_v that_o in_o this_o preach_n the_o truth_n shine_v forth_o which_o be_v able_a to_o give_v unto_o we_o the_o gift_n of_o eternal_a life_n salvation_n and_o happiness_n whereupon_o o_o king_n i_o advise_v thou_o that_o the_o temple_n and_o altar_n we_o have_v consecrate_v without_o any_o fruit_n or_o benefit_n we_o shall_v now_o present_o execrate_v and_o burn_v upon_o â—his_fw-la without_o more_o debate_n the_o king_n open_o give_v his_o assent_n to_o the_o preach_n of_o paulinus_n &_o renounce_v idolatry_n confess_v â—hat_n he_o do_v embrace_v the_o faith_n of_o
whereof_o be_v this_o that_o the_o church_n shall_v be_v free_a and_o enjoy_v her_o judgement_n rent_n and_o pension_n 700._o and_o 35._o anno_fw-la dom._n 700._o this_o king_n wither_a unâ_fw-la cum_fw-la consensu_fw-la principum_fw-la meorum_fw-la together_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o noble_n and_o bishop_n who_o subscribe_v their_o name_n to_o his_o charter_n grant_v to_o the_o church_n of_o god_n in_o kentâ—_n thâ—t_v they_o shall_v be_v perpetual_o free_v ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n publica_fw-la tributi_fw-la atque_fw-la dispendio_fw-la vel_fw-la laesione_n à _fw-la praesenti_fw-la die_fw-la &_o tempore_fw-la etc._n etc._n from_o all_o public_a exaction_n of_o tribute_n and_o from_o all_o damage_n and_o harm_n render_v to_o he_o &_o his_o posterity_n 1.10_o such_o honour_n and_o obedience_n as_o they_o have_v yield_v to_o the_o king_n hâ—s_n antecessor_n under_o who_o justice_n and_o liberty_n be_v keep_v towards_o they_o 706._o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 678._o 7â—_n wilfrid_n archbishop_n of_o â—orkâ—eing_v â—eing_z in_o a_o council_n unjust_o deprive_v of_o his_o bishopric_n by_o theodor_n archbishop_n of_o canâ—erbury_n who_o envy_v the_o greatness_n of_o his_o wealth_n power_n and_o diocese_n which_o he_o will_v and_o do_v against_o wilfrids_n will_n in_o that_o council_n divide_v iâ—toâ—_n â—_z more_o bishopric_n be_v after_o that_o time_n exile_v the_o realm_n through_o the_o malice_n of_o egfrid_n king_n of_o nortâ—umberland_n and_o emburga_n his_o queen_n who_o he_o will_v have_v persuade_v â—o_o become_v a_o nun_n and_o desert_n her_o husband_n as_o some_o author_n write_v and_o other_o deny_v in_o his_o favour_n without_o any_o just_a and_o lawful_a cause_n and_o after_o that_o about_o the_o year_n 692._o be_v again_o deprive_v of_o his_o bishopric_n and_o right_n by_o the_o judgement_n and_o sentence_n of_o another_o council_n hold_v under_o aldrid_n king_n of_o northumberland_n and_o bertuald_a archbishop_n of_o 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and_o cruel_a governor_n who_o thrust_v he_o into_o a_o dark_a dungeon_n for_o many_o daysâ—_n and_o after_o that_o commit_v he_o to_o another_o more_o cruel_a gaoler_n than_o he_o call_v tumber_n who_o endeavour_v to_o put_v he_o into_o fetter_n by_o the_o king_n command_n which_o he_o can_v no_o way_n fasten_v upon_o his_o leg_n but_o they_o present_o fall_v off_o again_o through_o a_o miracle_n whereupon_o wickedness_n give_v place_n to_o religion_n he_o be_v loose_v from_o his_o bond_n detain_v in_o free_a custody_n and_o afterward_o release_v but_o not_o restore_v after_o which_o about_o the_o year_n 693._o he_o appeal_v again_o to_o pope_n john_n against_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o second_o council_n which_o refuse_v to_o re-admit_a he_o to_o his_o archbishopric_n unless_o he_o will_v submit_v to_o the_o decree_n of_o archbishop_n theodore_n and_o brithwald_n his_o successor_n which_o he_o refuse_v to_o do_v unless_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v consonant_n to_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o holy_a canon_n which_o he_o conceive_v they_o not_o to_o be_v because_o they_o will_v order_v he_o to_o condemn_v himself_o without_o any_o crime_n object_v to_o he_o upon_o which_o appeal_n this_o pope_n wiâ—h_v his_o bishop_n pronounce_v wilfrid_n free_a from_o all_o crime_n and_o order_v he_o to_o return_v to_o his_o archbishopric_n write_v letter_n to_o ethelred_n king_n of_o mercian_n and_o alfrid_n king_n of_o northumberland_n to_o restore_v he_o thereunto_o alfrid_n receive_v the_o pope_n letter_n by_o wilfrids_n messenger_n altogether_o refuse_v to_o obey_v the_o pope_n command_n in_o this_o case_n 7._o say_v quod_fw-la esset_fw-la contra_fw-la rationem_fw-la homini_fw-la jam_fw-la bis_fw-la à _fw-la toto_fw-la anglorum_fw-la concilio_n damnato_fw-la propter_fw-la quaelibet_fw-la apostolica_fw-la scripta_fw-la communicare_fw-la that_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n to_o communicate_v with_o a_o man_n already_o twice_o condemn_v by_o the_o whole_a council_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n for_o any_o write_n of_o the_o pope_n so_o little_o be_v the_o pope_n authority_n and_o decree_n then_o regard_v in_o england_n contradict_v the_o king_n and_o english_a council_n proceed_n neither_o will_v he_o restore_v he_o all_o his_o life_n after_o his_o death_n edulfe_n usurp_v the_o crown_n by_o tyranny_n wilfrid_n repair_v to_o he_o to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o archbishopric_n upon_o this_o account_n of_o the_o pope_n letter_n whereupon_o he_o be_v so_o enrage_v with_o he_o for_o it_o though_o former_o his_o great_a friend_n that_o he_o present_o command_v he_o to_o depart_v the_o realm_n forthwith_o unless_o he_o will_v be_v spâ—â—led_v of_o all_o his_o good_n and_o cast_v out_o of_o it_o with_o disgrace_n but_o this_o usuper_fw-la be_v deprive_v both_o of_o his_o realm_n crown_n and_o life_n in_o little_a more_o than_o 3_o month_n space_n and_o osred_a son_n of_o king_n alfrid_n be_v restore_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o noble_n as_o right_a heir_n thereunto_o at_o last_o wilfrid_n be_v reinvest_v in_o 705._o his_o bishopric_n by_o the_o decree_n of_o a_o council_n hold_v under_o he_o in_o northumberland_n at_o a_o place_n call_v nidden_v an._n 705._o not_o so_o much_o in_o obedience_n to_o the_o pope_n command_n as_o king_n alfrid_n attest_v by_o elfleda_n his_o sister_n than_o abbess_n of_o streneshash_n witness_v these_o word_n of_o berfride_n ego_fw-la jussionibus_fw-la papae_fw-la obediendum_fw-la censeo_fw-la praeâ—erâ—im_fw-la cum_fw-la eorum_fw-la roâ—ori_fw-la accedat_fw-la regis_fw-la nostri_fw-la jussioâ—_n â—_z &_o nostrae_fw-la necessit_fw-la atis_fw-la sponsio_fw-la etc._n etc._n pver_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la levatâ—s_fw-la hostess_fw-la abactus_fw-la tyrannus_n extinctus_fw-la est_fw-la igitur_fw-la regiae_n voluntatis_fw-la ut_fw-la episcopus_fw-la wilfridus_n revestiatur_fw-la upon_o which_o he_o be_v accord_o restore_v whereupon_o all_o the_o bishop_n embrace_v he_o and_o reconcile_v themselves_o to_o he_o this_o bishop_n wilfrid_n procure_v to_o the_o church_n of_o hagustald_v which_o he_o found_v and_o be_v bishop_n thereof_o many_o privilege_n and_o that_o â—or_a one_o mile_n circuit_n round_o about_o 10._o none_o shall_v be_v arrest_v go_v or_o come_v buâ—_n enjoy_v inviolable_a peace_n quod_fw-la inâ—titutum_fw-la authoritate_fw-la &_o privilegiis_fw-la romanae_fw-la sediâ—_n apostolicorum_fw-la &_o archiepiscoporum_fw-la &_o episcoporum_fw-la &_o regum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la tam_fw-la scotiae_fw-la quam_fw-la angliae_fw-la confirmatum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la aliquis_fw-la 29â—_n temerarius_fw-la insringere_fw-la audebit_fw-la &_o magnae_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la damno_fw-la obnoxius_fw-la erit_fw-la &_o perpet_n no_o anathematis_fw-la gladio_fw-la ab_fw-la ecclesia_n seperabitur_fw-la as_o richaâ—d_n prior_n of_o hagustald_v record_n 712._o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 708_o 217._o egwin_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n procure_v king_n kenred_n and_o offa_n by_o their_o charter_n to_o grant_v and_o confirm_v many_o land_n and_o privilege_n â—o_o the_o abbey_n of_o evesham_n which_o pope_n constantine_n likewise_o ratify_v by_o his_o subscription_n at_o rome_n as_o well_o as_o â—hese_fw-mi king_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o many_o archbishop_n bishop_n prince_n and_o noble_n of_o divers_a province_n who_o commend_v and_o approve_v their_o charter_n and_o liberality_n in_o pursuance_n whereof_o pope_n constantine_n write_v a_o letter_n to_o brithwald_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o summon_v concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la 10._o a_o council_n of_o all_o england_n to_o wit_n of_o the_o king_n bishop_n religious_a person_n of_o holy_a order_n optimatesque_fw-la regni_fw-la cum_fw-la proceribus_fw-la suis_fw-la with_o the_o noble_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o be_v all_o assemble_v together_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o archbishop_n shall_v in_o their_o presence_n read_v the_o charter_n of_o these_o king_n and_o the_o pope_n confirmation_n of_o they_o that_o they_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o tâ—e_v favour_n and_o assent_v of_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o people_n and_o consecrate_v with_o their_o benediction_n whereupon_o king_n kenred_n and_o offa_n after_o their_o return_n from_o rome_n assemble_v a_o general_n council_n in_o a_o place_n call_v alne_n
duke_n leofsi_n be_v send_v to_o the_o dane_n â—ho_n come_v to_o they_o importune_v they_o that_o they_o will_v accept_v of_o a_o stipend_n and_o tribute_n they_o glad_o embrace_v his_o embassy_n condescend_v to_o his_o request_n and_o determine_v how_o much_o tribute_n shall_v be_v pay_v they_o for_o to_o keep_v the_o peace_n whereupon_o â—oon_o after_o a_o tribute_n of_o 24000_o pound_n be_v pay_v they_o pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi pacis_fw-la for_o the_o good_a of_o peace_n in_o this_o assembly_n and_o council_n as_o i_o conjecture_v 510._o king_n ethelred_n inform_v his_o counsellor_n who_o instruct_v he_o both_o in_o divine_a and_o humane_a thing_n with_o the_o sloathfulness_n negligence_n and_o vicious_a life_n of_o the_o secular_a priest_n throughout_o england_n and_o by_o their_o advice_n think_v meet_v to_o thrust_v they_o out_o and_o put_v monk_n in_o their_o place_n to_o pour_v forth_o prayer_n and_o praise_n to_o god_n for_o he_o and_o his_o people_n in_o a_o due_a manner_n whereupon_o he_o confirm_v by_o his_o charter_n the_o ejection_n of_o the_o secular_a priest_n out_o of_o christs-church_n in_o canterbury_n 10._o and_o the_o introduction_n of_o monk_n in_o their_o place_n and_o ratify_v all_o the_o land_n and_o privilege_n former_o grant_v they_o exempt_n the_o monastery_n and_o land_n thereof_o from_o all_o secular_a service_n except_o expeditione_n pontium_fw-la operatione_n et_fw-la arcium_fw-la reparatione_fw-la beseech_v and_o conjure_v all_o his_o lawful_a successor_n king_n bishop_n earls_z and_o people_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v ecclesiae_fw-la christi_fw-la praedones_fw-la sed_fw-la sitis_fw-la patrimonii_fw-la christi_fw-la defensores_fw-la seduli_fw-la ut_fw-la vita_fw-la et_fw-la gaudio_fw-la aeternis_fw-la cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la dei_fw-la sanctis_fw-la in_o aeternum_fw-la fruâ—mini_fw-la which_o charter_n be_v ratify_v by_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o king_n 2._o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o of_o several_a aelderman_n noble_n and_o officer_n and_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross._n this_o year_n other_o duke_n leofsi_n slay_v esric_n a_o nobleman_n the_o king_n chief_a provost_n be_v judicial_o banish_v the_o realm_n by_o the_o king_n for_o this_o offence_n after_o this_o peace_n make_v with_o the_o dane_n anno_fw-la 1002._o emma_n arrive_v in_o england_n 1002._o receive_v both_o the_o diadem_n and_o name_n of_o a_o queen_n daniel_n whereupon_o king_n ethelred_n puff_v up_o with_o pride_n see_v he_o can_v not_o drive_v out_o the_o dane_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n contrive_v how_o to_o murder_v and_o destroy_v they_o all_o in_o one_o day_n by_o treachery_n at_o unaware_o either_o by_o the_o sword_n or_o by_o fire_n because_o they_o endeavour_v to_o deprive_v he_o and_o his_o noble_n both_o of_o their_o life_n and_o the_o realm_n and_o to_o subject_v all_o england_n to_o their_o own_o dominion_n the_o occasion_n time_n and_o manner_n of_o who_o sudden_a universal_a massacre_n be_v thus_o relate_v by_o mat._n westminster_n an._n 1012._o though_o act_v an._n 1002._o as_o all_o accord_n and_o by_o mr._n fox_n and_o other_o huna_n general_n of_o king_n ethelreds_n militia_n a_o valiant_a warlike_a man_n who_o have_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o manage_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o realm_n under_o the_o king_n observe_v the_o insolency_n of_o the_o dane_n who_o now_o after_o the_o peace_n make_v with_o they_o do_v so_o proud_o lord_n it_o through_o all_o england_n that_o they_o presume_v to_o ravish_v the_o wife_n and_o daughter_n of_o nobleman_n and_o every_o where_o to_o expose_v they_o to_o scorn_v by_o strength_n cause_v the_o english_a husbandman_n to_o soil_n and_o sow_v their_o land_n and_o do_v all_o vile_a labour_n belong_v to_o the_o house_n while_o they_o will_v sit_v idle_o at_o home_n hold_v their_o wife_n daughter_n and_o servant_n at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o when_o the_o husbandman_n come_v home_o they_o shall_v scarce_o have_v of_o their_o own_o as_o his_o servant_n have_v so_o that_o the_o dane_n have_v all_o at_o his_o will_n and_o fill_v fare_v of_o the_o best_a when_o the_o owner_n scarce_o have_v his_o fill_n of_o the_o worst_a thus_o the_o common_a people_n be_v of_o they_o oppress_v be_v in_o such_o fear_n and_o dread_n that_o not_o only_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o suffer_v they_o in_o their_o do_n but_o also_o glad_a to_o please_v they_o and_o call_v every_o one_o of_o they_o in_o the_o house_n where_o they_o have_v rule_v lord_n dane_n etc._n etc._n hereupon_o huna_n go_v to_o the_o king_n much_o perplex_v and_o make_v a_o lamentable_a complaint_n to_o he_o concern_v these_o thing_n upon_o which_o the_o king_n be_v not_o a_o little_a move_v by_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o same_o huna_n send_v letter_n or_o commission_n unto_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o realm_n command_v all_o and_o every_o of_o the_o nation_n that_o on_o one_o day_n after_o to_o wit_n on_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n brice_n the_o bishop_n all_o the_o dane_n throughout_o england_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o a_o secret_a massacre_n that_o so_o the_o whole_a nation_n of_o the_o english_a may_v all_o joint_o and_o at_o one_o timâ—_n be_v free_v from_o the_o danish_a oppression_n and_o so_o the_o dane_n who_o by_o a_o firm_a covenant_n swear_v unto_o by_o both_o side_n a_o little_a before_o aught_o to_o have_v dwell_v peaceable_o with_o the_o english_a 2._o be_v too_o opprobrious_o slay_v and_o the_o woman_n with_o their_o child_n be_v dash_v against_o the_o post_n of_o the_o house_n miserable_o pour_v out_o their_o soul_n when_o â—herefore_o the_o sentence_n of_o this_o decree_n be_v execute_v at_o the_o city_n of_o london_n without_o mercy_n many_o of_o the_o dane_n flee_v to_o a_o certain_a church_n in_o the_o city_n where_o all_o of_o they_o be_v slay_v without_o pity_n stand_v by_o the_o very_a altar_n themselves_o moreover_o that_o which_o aggravate_v the_o rage_n of_o this_o persecution_n be_v the_o death_n of_o guimild_a sister_n of_o king_n swain_n slay_v in_o this_o manner_n in_o england_n she_o be_v lawful_o marry_v to_o count_n palingers_n a_o noble_a man_n of_o great_a power_n who_o go_v into_o england_n with_o her_o husband_n they_o both_o there_o receive_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n and_o sacrament_n of_o baptism_n this_o most_o prudent_a virago_n be_v the_o mediatrix_fw-la of_o the_o peace_n between_o the_o english_a and_o dane_n give_v herself_o with_o her_o husband_n and_o only_a son_n as_o hostage_n to_o king_n ethelred_n for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o peace_n she_o be_v deliver_v by_o the_o king_n to_o that_o most_o wicked_a duke_n edric_n to_o keep_v that_o traitor_n within_o few_o day_n after_o command_v her_o husband_n with_o her_o son_n to_o be_v slay_v before_o her_o face_n with_o four_o spear_n and_o last_o of_o all_o command_v she_o to_o be_v behead_v she_o undergo_v death_n with_o a_o magnanimous_a mind_n without_o fear_n or_o change_v of_o countenance_n but_o yet_o confident_o pronounce_v as_o she_o be_v die_v that_o the_o shed_n of_o her_o blood_n will_v bring_v great_a detriment_n to_o england_n 360._o henry_n huntindon_n thus_o relate_v the_o story_n of_o this_o massacre_n in_o the_o year_n 1002._o emma_n the_o jewel_n of_o the_o norman_n come_v into_o england_n and_o receive_v both_o the_o diadem_n and_o name_n of_o a_o queen_n with_o which_o match_n king_n ethelred_n be_v puff_v up_o with_o pride_n bring_v forth_o perfidiousness_n cause_v all_o the_o dane_n who_o be_v with_o peace_n in_o england_n to_o be_v slay_v by_o clandestine_v treason_n on_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n to_o wit_n on_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n brice_n concern_v which_o wickedness_n we_o have_v hear_v in_o our_o infancy_n some_o honest_a old_a man_n say_v that_o the_o say_a king_n send_v secret_a letter_n into_o every_o city_n 2._o according_a to_o which_o the_o english_a on_o the_o same_o day_n and_o hour_n destroyeâ—_n all_o the_o dane_n either_o cut_v off_o their_o head_n without_o give_v they_o warning_n with_o sword_n or_o take_v anâ—_n burn_v they_o sudden_o together_o with_o fire_n vbi_fw-la fuit_fw-la videre_fw-la miseriam_fw-la dum_fw-la cuique_fw-la charissimos_fw-la hospites_fw-la quos_fw-la etiam_fw-la arctissima_fw-la necessitudo_fw-la dulciores_fw-la effecerat_fw-la cogeretur_fw-la prodere_fw-la et_fw-la amplexus_fw-la gladio_fw-la deturbare_fw-la write_v 64._o malmsbury_n the_o news_n of_o this_o bloody_a massacre_n of_o the_o dane_n be_v bring_v into_o denmark_n to_o king_n swain_n by_o some_o youth_n of_o the_o danâ—sh_a nation_n who_o escape_v and_o fleâ—_n out_o of_o england_n in_o a_o ship_n move_v he_o to_o tear_n 392._o uocatisque_fw-la cunctis_fw-la regni_fw-la principibus_fw-la who_o call_v all_o the_o prince_n of_o his_o realm_n together_o and_o relate_v the_o whole_a series_n of_o what_o be_v act_v to_o they_o he_o diligent_o inquire_v of_o they_o what_o they_o will_v advise_v he_o to_o do_v who_o all_o cry_v out_o together_o as_o with_o one_o mouth_n decree_v that_o the_o
of_o their_o native_a country_n king_n law_n liberty_n property_n estate_n life_n against_o foreign_a invader_n and_o â—â—urpers_n 2_o because_o they_o more_o or_o less_o relate_v to_o my_o forementioned_a proposition_n touch-the_a fundamental_a right_n liberty_n property_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n 3_o because_o they_o show_v forth_o unto_o we_o the_o true_a original_a ground_n cause_n motive_n necessity_n and_o manner_n of_o grant_v the_o very_a first_o civil_a tax_n and_o tribute_n mention_v in_o our_o history_n by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o noble_n in_o their_o general_n council_n to_o the_o danish_a invader_n to_o purchase_v peace_n and_o the_o true_a nature_n use_v of_o our_o ancient_a danegelt_n and_o rectify_v some_o mistake_n in_o our_o common_a late_a english_a historian_n 1016._o immediate_o after_o king_n ethelreds_n decease_n spelm._n episcopi_fw-la abbates_n deuce_n et_fw-la quique_fw-la nobiliores_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la congregati_fw-la as_o wâ—gornienâ—â—s_n hoveden_n sâ—meon_n dunelmeâ—â—is_n radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la bromtonâ—_n â—_z or_o maxima_fw-la pars_fw-la regni_fw-la tam_fw-la clericorum_fw-la quam_fw-la laicorum_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la congregati_fw-la as_o matthew_n westminsterâ—_n â—_z or_o proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la cum_fw-la clero_fw-la as_o knâ—â—hton_n express_v iâ—_n pari_fw-la consensu_fw-la in_o dominum_fw-la et_fw-la regem_fw-la canntum_fw-la eligere_fw-la all_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n duke_n and_o noble_n of_o england_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o chief_a clergy_n and_o laity_n assemble_v together_o in_o a_o kind_n of_o parliamentary_a counciâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d unanimous_a consent_n elect_v cnute_n for_o their_o lord_n aâ—â—_n king_n notwithstanding_o their_o solemn_a vow_n and_o engagement_n but_o the_o year_n before_o never_o to_o suffer_v a_o danish_a king_n to_o reign_v over_o they_o whereupon_o â—heâ—_n all_o repair_v to_o cnute_n to_o southampton_n speed_n omnemque_fw-la progeniem_fw-la regis_fw-la ethelredi_fw-la coram_fw-la illo_fw-la abhorrentes_fw-la et_fw-la abnegando_fw-la repudiantes_fw-la aâ—_n wigorniensis_n huntindon_n knyghton_n and_o other_o record_v and_o there_o in_o his_o presence_n abhor_v and_o utter_o renounce_v and_o abjure_v all_o the_o progeny_n of_o king_n ethelred_n they_o submit_v themselves_o and_o swear_v fealty_n to_o he_o as_o to_o their_o only_a king_n and_o sovereign_a he_o reciprocal_o then_o swear_v unto_o they_o that_o he_o will_v be_v a_o faithful_a lord_n unto_o themâ—_n both_o in_o thing_n appertain_v to_o god_n and_o the_o world_n which_o our_o historian_n thus_o express_v quibus_fw-la ille_fw-la juravit_fw-la quod_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la deum_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la seculum_fw-la fidelis_fw-la illis_fw-la foret_fw-la dominus_fw-la only_o the_o city_n of_o london_n anâ—_n part_n of_o the_o noble_n then_o in_o it_o unanimous_o choose_v and_o cry_v up_o ed._n ironside_n 8._o king_n ethelreds_n 3._o son_n by_o elgina_n his_o first_o wife_n daughter_n to_o duke_n thore_v as_o speed_n and_o oâ—hers_n relate_v though_o matthew_n westminstâ—r_n and_o other_o register_v his_o birâ—h_n non_fw-la ex_fw-la emma_n regina_fw-la sed_fw-la ex_fw-la quadam_fw-la ignobili_fw-la foemina_fw-la generatus_fw-la qui_fw-la utique_fw-la matris_fw-la suae_fw-la ignobilitatem_fw-la generis_fw-la mentis_fw-la ingenuitate_fw-la &_o corporis_fw-la strewit_fw-la te_fw-la redintegrando_fw-la redemit_fw-la after_o edmond_n election_n he_o be_v crown_v king_n by_o live_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n at_o kingston_n upon_o thames_n where_o our_o kiug_n in_o that_o age_n be_v usual_o crown_v no_o soon_o be_v he_o thus_o advance_v to_o the_o regal_a dignity_n but_o he_o present_o march_v undaunted_o into_o west-sex_n and_o be_v there_o receive_v by_o all_o the_o people_n with_o great_a gratulation_n and_o joy_n he_o moâ—t_v speedy_o subject_v it_o to_o his_o dominion_n which_o be_v divulge_v in_o other_o part_n many_o county_n of_o england_n desert_v cnute_n voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o unto_o he_o such_o be_v the_o fickleness_n of_o â—he_n people_n &_o unconstancy_n of_o worldly_a power_n and_o affair_n cnute_n cnute_n in_o â—he_n mean_a time_n to_o be_v revenge_v of_o the_o londoner_n for_o make_v edmond_n king_n march_v to_o london_n with_o his_o whole_a army_n and_o fleet_n besiege_v and_o block_v up_o the_o city_n with_o his_o ship_n draw_v up_o the_o thames_n on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o bridge_n and_o then_o draw_v a_o large_a and_o deep_a trench_n round_o about_o the_o city_n from_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o river_n whereby_o he_o intercept_v all_o ingress_n and_o egress_n to_o the_o citizen_n and_o other_o who_o he_o shut_v up_o so_o close_o that_o none_o can_v go_v in_o or_o out_o of_o the_o city_n and_o endeavour_v by_o many_o strong_a assault_n to_o force_v it_o but_o be_v still_o repulse_v by_o the_o citizens_n who_o valiant_o defend_v the_o wall_n he_o leave_v off_o the_o siege_n with_o great_a confusion_n and_o loss_n as_o well_o as_o dishonour_v thence_o he_o march_v with_o his_o army_n into_o dorsetshire_n to_o subdue_v it_o where_o king_n edmond_n meet_v he_o with_o such_o force_n as_o he_o can_v sudden_o raise_v give_v he_o battle_n at_o penham_n near_o gillingham_n where_o after_o a_o bloody_a and_o cruel_a encounter_n he_o put_v cnute_n and_o his_o army_n to_o flight_n and_o slay_v many_o of_o they_o not_o long_o after_o they_o recruit_v their_o force_n both_o army_n meet_v at_o steorstan_n king_n edmond_n resolve_v there_o to_o give_v cnute_n battle_n place_v the_o most_o expert_a and_o valiant_a of_o his_o soldier_n in_o the_o front_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o english_a who_o come_v flock_v in_o to_o he_o he_o keep_v for_o a_o reserve_n in_o the_o rear_n then_o call_v upon_o every_o of_o they_o by_o name_n he_o exhort_v and_o inform_v they_o that_o they_o now_o fight_v for_o their_o country_n for_o their_o child_n for_o their_o wife_n for_o their_o house_n and_o liberty_n inflame_v the_o mind_n of_o his_o soldier_n with_o his_o excellent_a speech_n in_o this_o battle_n with_o the_o enemy_n he_o exercise_v the_o office_n of_o a_o valiant_a soldier_n and_o good_a general_n charge_v very_o courageous_o but_o because_o that_o most_o perfidious_a duke_n edric_n almar_n and_o algar_n and_o other_o of_o the_o great_a man_n who_o ought_v to_o have_v assist_v he_o with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o southampton_n wiltshire_n and_o innumerable_a other_o english_a join_v with_o the_o dane_n the_o battle_n continue_v all_o day_n from_o morning_n to_o night_n with_o equal_a fortune_n till_o both_o side_n be_v tiâ—ed_v out_o and_o many_o of_o each_o party_n slay_v the_o night_n constrain_v they_o to_o march_v one_o from_o another_o but_o their_o blood_n not_o be_v cold_a the_o next_o day_n they_o buckle_v together_o again_o with_o no_o less_o courage_n than_o before_o till_o at_o last_o in_o the_o very_a heat_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o most_o perfidious_a duke_n edric_n perceive_v the_o dane_n like_v to_o be_v total_o rout_v and_o the_o english_a in_o great_a forwardness_n of_o victory_n cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o a_o soldier_n name_v osmeranus_fw-la very_o like_a to_o king_n edmund_n both_o in_o hair_n and_o countenance_n and_o shake_v his_o bloody_a sword_n with_o the_o half_a gasp_a head_n in_o his_o hand_n which_o he_o lift_v up_o on_o high_a cry_v out_o to_o the_o english_a army_n o_o you_o dorsetshire_n man_n devonshire_n man_n and_o other_o english_a flee_v and_o get_v away_o for_o your_o head_n be_v lose_v beâ—old_v here_o be_v the_o head_n of_o your_o king_n edmund_n which_o i_o hold_v in_o my_o hand_n therefore_o hasten_v hence_o with_o all_o speed_n and_o save_v your_o life_n which_o when_o the_o english_a hear_v and_o see_v they_o be_v more_o affright_v with_o the_o atrocity_n of_o the_o thing_n than_o with_o the_o belief_n of_o the_o speaker_n whereupon_o all_o the_o more_o unconstant_a of_o the_o army_n be_v ready_a to_o fly_v away_o but_o edmond_n have_v present_a notice_n of_o this_o treacherous_a stratagem_n and_o see_v his_o man_n ready_a to_o give_v over_o the_o fight_n haste_v where_o he_o may_v be_v best_o see_v and_o post_v from_o rank_n to_o rank_n encourage_v they_o to_o fight_v like_o englishman_n who_o thereupon_o resume_v their_o courage_n charge_v the_o dane_n more_o fierce_o than_o beâ—ore_o and_o bend_v their_o force_n against_o the_o traitor_n have_v shoot_v he_o to_o death_n but_o that_o he_o retreat_v present_o to_o the_o enemy_n the_o english_a revive_v and_o manful_o continue_v the_o battle_n again_o till_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n cause_v both_o army_n voluntary_o to_o retreat_n from_o each_o other_o into_o their_o tent_n when_o much_o of_o the_o night_n be_v spend_v cnute_n command_v his_o man_n in_o great_a silence_n to_o break_v up_o their_o camp_n and_o march_v to_o his_o ship_n and_o soon_o after_o while_o king_n edmond_n be_v recruit_v his_o army_n in_o west-sex_n besiege_v london_n against_o whereupon_o edmond_n march_v to_o london_n with_o a_o select_a company_n of_o soldier_n chase_a cnute_n and_o his_o army_n to_o their_o ship_n remove_v the_o
meis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o proprio_fw-la meo_fw-la lucrentur_fw-la et_fw-la inde_fw-la mihi_fw-la serviant_fw-la et_fw-la nemo_fw-la cogatur_fw-la ad_fw-la firmae_fw-la adjutorium_fw-la aliquid_fw-la dare_v nisi_fw-la sponte_fw-la sua_fw-la velit_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la aliquem_fw-la inde_fw-la gravabit_fw-la werae_fw-la suae_fw-la reus_fw-la sit_fw-la orga_fw-la regem_fw-la lex_fw-la 97._o si_fw-mi quis_fw-la ex_fw-la hac_fw-la vita_fw-la decedat_fw-la sine_fw-la distributione_n rerum_fw-la suarum_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la incustodiamâ—_n vel_fw-la per_fw-la mortem_fw-la improvisam_fw-la non_fw-la usurpet_fw-la dominus_fw-la ejus_fw-la de_fw-la pecunia_fw-la nisi_fw-la quantum_fw-la ad_fw-la justam_fw-la relevationem_fw-la pertinet_fw-la quae_fw-la anglicè_fw-la voco_fw-la hereget_fw-la sed_fw-la sit_fw-la secundnm_fw-la dictionem_fw-la ejus_fw-la ipsa_fw-la pecunia_fw-la recte_fw-la divisa_fw-la uxori_fw-la pveris_fw-la et_fw-la propinquis_fw-la unicuique_fw-la secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la pertinet_fw-la et_fw-la sint_fw-la relevationes_fw-la ità _fw-la minutae_fw-la sicut_fw-la modus_fw-la est_fw-la comitis_fw-la sicut_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la perâ—inet_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la octo_fw-la equi_fw-la quatuor_fw-la sellati_fw-la quatuor_fw-la insellati_fw-la et_fw-la galeae_fw-la quatuor_fw-la et_fw-la loricae_fw-la quatuor_fw-la cum_fw-la octo_fw-la lanceis_fw-la et_fw-la totidem_fw-la scutis_fw-la et_fw-la gladii_fw-la quatuorâ—_n et_fw-la cc._o marcae_fw-la auri_fw-la postea_fw-la thayni_n regis_fw-la qui_fw-la ei_fw-la proximus_fw-la sit_fw-la quatuor_fw-la equi_fw-la duo_fw-la sellati_fw-la et_fw-la duo_fw-la insellati_fw-la et_fw-la duo_fw-la gladii_fw-la et_fw-la quatuor_fw-la laâ—ceae_fw-la et_fw-la totidem_fw-la scuta_fw-la et_fw-la galea_fw-la cum_fw-la lorica_fw-la sua_fw-la et_fw-la 50._o marcae_fw-la auri_fw-la et_fw-la mediocris_fw-la thayni_n equus_fw-la cum_fw-la apparatu_fw-la svo_fw-la et_fw-la arma_fw-la sua_fw-la vel_fw-la suum_fw-la halsfang_n in_o westsaxia_n in_fw-la mircenis_fw-la ij_o l._n in_fw-it estanglia_fw-it ij_o l._n et_fw-la si_fw-la notus_fw-la sit_fw-la regi_fw-la equi_fw-la duo_fw-la unus_fw-la cum_fw-la sella_fw-la et_fw-la alius_fw-la sine_fw-la sella_fw-la et_fw-la unus_fw-la gladius_fw-la et_fw-la dvae_fw-la lanceae_fw-la et_fw-la totidem_fw-la scuta_fw-la et_fw-la 50_o marcae_fw-la auri_fw-la et_fw-la qui_fw-la minus_fw-la potest_fw-la det_fw-la dvas_fw-la libras_fw-la 9_o lex_fw-la 104._o et_fw-la qui_fw-la fugiat_fw-la à _fw-la domino_fw-la vel_fw-la socio_fw-la svo_fw-la pro_fw-la timiditate_fw-la in_o expedâ—tione_fw-la navali_fw-la vel_fw-la terrestri_fw-la per_fw-la that_fw-mi omne_fw-la quod_fw-la suum_fw-la est_fw-la et_fw-la svam_fw-la â—psius_fw-la vitam_fw-la et_fw-la manus_fw-la mittat_fw-la dominus_fw-la ad_fw-la terram_fw-la quam_fw-la ei_fw-la antea_fw-la dederat_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la terram_fw-la haereditariam_fw-la habeat_fw-la ipsa_fw-la in_o manum_fw-la regis_fw-la transeat_fw-la lex_fw-la 105._o et_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la aâ—te_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la ceciderit_fw-la sâ—t_fw-la hoc_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la sit_fw-la alibi_fw-la sint_fw-la relevatitone_n condonatae_fw-la et_fw-la haâ—_n beâ—nt_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ejus_fw-la terram_fw-la sicut_fw-la et_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la svam_fw-la et_fw-la rectè_fw-la dividant_a inter_fw-la se._n lex_fw-la 107._o et_fw-la volo_fw-la ut_fw-la omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la pacem_fw-la habeat_fw-la eundo_fw-la ad_fw-la gemoâ—um_fw-la uâ—l_fw-la rediens_fw-la de_fw-fr gemoto_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la placito_fw-la nisi_fw-la sit_fw-la fur_n probatus_fw-la lex_fw-la 110._o qui_fw-la leges_fw-la istas_fw-la apostabit_fw-la quas_fw-la rex_fw-la modo_fw-la nobis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la indulsit_fw-la sit_fw-la dacus_n sit_fw-la anglus_fw-la werae_fw-la suae_fw-la reus_fw-la sit_fw-la erga_fw-la regâ—m_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la secundo_fw-la faciat_fw-la reddat_fw-la bis_fw-la weram_fw-la svam_fw-la si_fw-mi quis_fw-la addat_fw-la tertio_fw-la râ—us_fw-la sit_fw-la omnium_fw-la quae_fw-la habebit_fw-la in_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o law_n all_o corporal_a and_o pecuniary_a penalty_n and_o fine_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o offence_n and_o crime_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o certainty_n and_o none_o leave_v arbitrary_a and_o by_o lex_fw-la 104_o 105._o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o military_a law_n as_o well_o as_o the_o civil_a &_o ecclesiastical_a be_v make_v in_o and_o by_o advice_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o great_a council_n the_o 913._o chronicle_n of_o bromton_n inform_v we_o that_o king_n cnute_n per_fw-la chartam_fw-la svam_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la et_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la suis_fw-la dedit_fw-la quam_fw-la cito_fw-la post_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la svo_fw-la apud_fw-la wintoniam_fw-la 10._o when_o and_o where_o â—hose_v law_n be_v make_v coram_fw-la omnibus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la confirmavit_fw-la give_v and_o confirm_v the_o manor_n of_o horning_n ludham_n and_o netershede_v to_o the_o monastery_n of_o cowholm_n in_o norfolk_n and_o that_o one_o maynard_n ride_v towards_o this_o parliamentary_a council_n break_v his_o neck_n who_o have_v so_o incense_v the_o king_n against_o wulfriâ—_n and_o the_o monk_n of_o this_o monastery_n that_o he_o threaten_v to_o put_v â—hem_fw-mi to_o death_n what_o land_n and_o privilege_n he_o give_v by_o his_o charter_n to_o st._n cuthberts_n church_n in_o durham_n christs-church_n in_o canterbury_n and_o other_o monastery_n the_o 1910._o marginal_a author_n will_v inform_v we_o about_o the_o year_n 1034._o 1034._o lifeâ—_n king_n cnute_n have_v obtain_v the_o sovereign_a dominion_n of_o england_n scotland_n norwey_n a_o great_a part_n of_o sweden_n and_o of_o all_o denmark_n principal_o by_o the_o sword_n through_o the_o flattery_n of_o his_o follower_n who_o style_v he_o a_o king_n of_o all_o king_n most_o mighty_a sovereign_n and_o the_o like_a who_o have_v under_o his_o subjection_n &_o dominion_n not_o only_o the_o people_n and_o land_n but_o the_o sea_n likewise_o &_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o great_a dominion_n be_v so_o much_o elevate_v with_o pride_n of_o heart_n that_o he_o once_o command_v the_o royal_a throne_n of_o his_o empire_n to_o be_v place_v on_o the_o sea_n shore_n near_o the_o water_n as_o the_o sea_n be_v flow_v in_o upon_o it_o and_o then_o step_v up_o into_o his_o throne_n &_o sit_v in_o it_o he_o speak_v thus_o to_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o imperious_a manner_n as_o if_o he_o be_v absolute_a sovereign_n of_o it_o tu_fw-la meae_fw-la ditionis_fw-la es_fw-la etc._n etc._n thou_o be_v under_o my_o dominion_n and_o part_n of_o my_o empire_n and_o the_o land_n on_o which_o i_o sit_v be_v i_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o one_o in_o it_o who_o dare_v resist_v my_o command_n without_o punishment_n therefore_o i_o now_o command_v thou_o that_o thou_o ascend_v and_o come_v not_o up_o upon_o my_o land_n nor_o yet_o presume_v to_o wet_v my_o royal_a robe_n nor_o the_o foot_n or_o member_n of_o thy_o sovereign_n but_o the_o sea_n notwithstanding_o this_o inhibition_n ascend_v after_o its_o accustom_a manner_n and_o nature_n and_o no_o way_n obey_v his_o command_n wet_a both_o his_o foot_n leg_n and_o royal_a robe_n without_o any_o reverence_n whereupon_o the_o king_n leap_v hasty_o out_o of_o his_o throne_n almost_o over-late_a and_o retire_v from_o the_o wave_n use_v these_o word_n lâ—t_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o world_n know_v that_o the_o power_n of_o king_n be_v but_o vain_a and_o frivolous_a and_o that_o no_o man_n be_v worthy_a the_o name_n of_o a_o king_n but_o he_o alone_o to_o who_o beck_n both_o heaven_n earth_n and_o the_o sea_n obey_v by_o everlasting_a law_n henry_n de_fw-fr knyghton_n superadde_v thereto_o as_o part_v of_o his_o speech_n which_o most_o other_o omit_v i_o be_o a_o wretch_n and_o a_o captive_n able_a to_o do_v nothing_o possess_v nothing_o without_o his_o gift_n i_o commend_v i_o recommend_v myself_o to_o he_o and_o let_v he_o be_v the_o guardian_n of_o debility_n amen_n after_o which_o king_n cnute_n never_o wear_v his_o crown_n upon_o his_o head_n but_o put_v it_o upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o crucifix_n at_o winchester_n as_o most_o accord_n to_o the_o praise_n of_o the_o great_a king_n thereby_o give_v a_o great_a example_n of_o humility_n to_o king_n and_o conqueror_n who_o in_o the_o height_n of_o all_o their_o power_n can_v not_o command_v the_o sea_n or_o least_o wave_v not_o to_o flow_v or_o wash_v they_o henry_n de_fw-fr knyghton_n conceive_v this_o to_o be_v before_o his_o pilgrimage_n to_o rome_n other_o express_o record_v it_o be_v after_o his_o return_n from_o thence_o who_o computation_n i_o here_o follow_v and_o therefore_o place_v it_o in_o this_o year_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1035._o king_n cnute_n a_o little_a before_o his_o death_n 1035._o make_v this_o partition_n of_o his_o kingdom_n among_o his_o son_n other_o swain_n his_o son_n by_o q._n algiva_n or_o as_o some_o affirm_v of_o a_o priest_n wife_n suborn_v by_o algiva_n as_o her_o own_o he_o make_v king_n of_o norwey_n his_o son_n hardecnute_a by_o queen_n emma_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o denmark_n as_o wigorniensis_n hoveden_n and_o other_o write_v yet_o some_o gainsay_v it_o that_o he_o make_v his_o son_n harold_n king_n of_o england_n and_o soon_o after_o die_v at_o shaftesbury_n november_n 12._o 1035._o and_o be_v bury_v at_o winchester_n immediate_o after_o his_o decease_n the_o noble_n meet_v at_o oxford_n about_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a â—_z which_o our_o historian_n thus_o
act_n without_o their_o seek_n as_o he_o do_v here_o restore_v prince_n edward_n after_o 25_o year_n interruption_n and_o aurelius_n ambrose_n long_v before_o to_o the_o british_a crown_n to_o omit_v all_o other_o 6._o that_o crown_n invade_v ravish_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n and_o bloodshed_n be_v seldom_o long_o or_o peaceable_o enjoy_v by_o the_o usurper_n themselves_o or_o their_o posterity_n that_o of_o curtius_n be_v a_o experimental_a truth_n 396._o non_fw-la est_fw-la diuâ—turna_fw-la possessio_fw-la in_o quam_fw-la gladio_fw-la inducimur_fw-la all_o which_o we_o find_v experimental_o verify_v in_o this_o history_n of_o king_n edward_n his_o election_n and_o restitution_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n worthy_a our_o special_a observation_n king_n edw._n come_v to_o the_o crown_n be_v not_o only_o very_o charitable_a to_o the_o poor_a humble_a merciful_a and_o just_a towards_o all_o man_n but_o also_o plures_fw-la lâ—ges_fw-la bonas_n in_o anglia_fw-it statuit_fw-la quae_fw-la pro_fw-la majore_fw-la paâ—te_fw-la adhuc_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la tenerentur_fw-la whereupon_o about_o the_o year_n 1043._o as_o the_o chronicle_n of_o brompton_n 937.938_o william_n caxton_n in_o his_o chronicle_n and_o mr._n selden_n inform_v we_o earl_n godwin_n a_o fugitive_n in_o denmark_n for_o the_o murder_n of_o prince_n alfred_n 6._o hear_v of_o his_o piety_n and_o mercy_n resolve_v to_o return_v into_o england_n humble_o to_o implore_v his_o mercy_n and_o grace_n 5._o that_o he_o may_v have_v his_o land_n again_o that_o be_v confiscate_v have_v provide_v all_o thing_n for_o his_o voyage_n he_o put_v to_o sea_n and_o arrive_v in_o englanâ—_n and_o then_o post_v to_o london_n ubi_fw-la rex_fw-la et_fw-la omnes_fw-la magnates_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la tum_o fuerunt_fw-la where_o the_o king_n and_o all_o the_o noble_n be_v then_o at_o a_o parliament_n here_o he_o beseech_v &_o entreat_v his_o friend_n &_o kindred_n who_o be_v the_o great_a lord_n of_o the_o land_n after_o the_o king_n that_o they_o will_v study_v to_o procure_v to_o he_o the_o king_n grace_n and_o friendship_n who_o have_v thereupon_o take_v deliberate_a counsel_n among_o themselves_o lead_v he_o with_o they_o before_o the_o king_n to_o seek_v his_o grace_n but_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n see_v he_o he_o present_o appeal_v he_o of_o treason_n &_o of_o the_o death_n of_o alfred_n his_o brother_n and_o use_v these_o word_n unto_o he_o say_v thou_o traitor_n godwin_n 2.4.5.6_o â—_o thou_o appeal_v for_o the_o death_n of_o alfred_n my_o brother_n who_o thou_o have_v traitorous_o slay_v to_o who_o godwin_n excuse_v himself_o answer_v my_o lord_n and_o king_n save_v your_o revereâ—câ—_n and_o grace_n peace_n &_o lordship_n i_o never_o betray_v nor_o yeâ—_n slay_v your_o brother_n unde_fw-la super_fw-la hoc_fw-la pono_fw-la me_fw-it in_o consideratione_n curiae_fw-la vestrae_fw-la whence_o i_o put_v my_o sâ—lf_n upon_o the_o consideration_n and_o judgement_n of_o your_o courâ—_n concern_v this_o matter_n then_o say_v the_o king_n karissimi_fw-la domini_fw-la comites_fw-la et_fw-fr barones_n terrae_fw-la etc._n etc._n most_o dear_a lord_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o land_n who_o be_v my_o liege-man_n now_o here_o assemble_v you_o have_v hear_v both_o my_o appeal_n and_o godwin_n answer_v volo_fw-la quod_fw-la inter_fw-la nos_fw-la in_o iâ—ta_fw-la appellatione_fw-la rectum_fw-la judicium_fw-la decernatis_fw-la et_fw-la debitam_fw-la justitiam_fw-la faciatis_fw-la i_o will_v that_o between_o we_o in_o this_o appeal_v you_o award_v right_a judgement_n and_o do_v due_a justicâ—_n comitibus_fw-la vero_fw-la et_fw-la baronibus_fw-la super_fw-la hoc_fw-la ad_fw-la inuicem_fw-la tractantibus_fw-la hereupon_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n debate_v upon_o this_o business_n among_o themselves_o some_o among_o thâ—m_n be_v different_a in_o their_o opinion_n from_o other_o in_o do_v just_a judgement_n herein_o for_o some_o say_v that_o godwin_n be_v never_o oblige_v to_o the_o king_n so_o bromton_n to_o alfred_n write_v caxâ—on_n by_o homage_n service_n or_o fealty_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v not_o his_o traitor_n and_o that_o he_o have_v not_o slay_v alfred_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n but_o other_o say_v quod_fw-la comes_fw-la nec_fw-la baro_n nec_fw-la aliquis_fw-la regi_fw-la subditus_fw-la bellum_fw-la contra_fw-la regem_fw-la in_o appellatione_fw-la sua_fw-la de_fw-fr lege_fw-la potâ—st_fw-la vadiare_fw-la that_o neither_o the_o earl_n nor_o any_o baron_n nor_o any_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n can_v by_o the_o law_n wage_v battle_n against_o the_o king_n in_o his_o appeal_n but_o ought_v whole_o to_o put_v himself_o in_o his_o mercy_n and_o to_o offer_v he_o competent_a amends_o then_o leofric_n earl_n of_o chester_n or_o coventry_n as_o caxton_n a_o good_a man_n towards_o god_n and_o the_o world_n speak_v and_o say_v the_o earl_n godwin_n after_o the_o king_n be_v a_o man_n of_o the_o best_a parentage_n of_o all_o england_n and_o he_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o by_o his_o council_n alfred_n thâ—_n king_n brother_n be_v slay_v wherefore_o i_o award_v as_o touch_v my_o parâ—_n that_o himself_o and_o his_o son_n and_o every_o of_o we_o duodecim_fw-la comites_fw-la the_o twelve_o earl_n who_o be_v his_o friend_n and_o kinsman_n shall_v go_v humble_o before_o the_o king_n lade_v with_o as_o much_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o every_o of_o we_o can_v carry_v between_o his_o arm_n offering_z that_o to_o he_o for_o his_o trespass_n and_o submissive_o deprecate_v that_o he_o woulâ—_n pardon_v all_o his_o rancour_n and_o ill-will_n to_o the_o earl_n and_o receive_v his_o homage_n and_o fealty_n he_o will_v restore_v and_o redeliver_v his_o land_n entire_o to_o himâ—_n unto_o which_o award_n they_o all_o according_a they_o all_o jade_a themselves_o with_o treasure_n in_o the_o manner_n aforesaid_a and_o gâ—ing_v to_o the_o king_n declare_v unto_o he_o the_o order_n and_o mannâ—r_n of_o their_o judgement_n or_o award_n quorum_fw-la considerationi_fw-la rex_fw-la contradicere_fw-la nolens_fw-la quicquid_fw-la judicaverant_fw-la per_fw-la omnia_fw-la ratiâ—icavit_fw-la the_o king_n not_o willing_a to_o contradict_v they_o in_o any_o thing_n thâ—y_o have_v judge_v ratify_v the_o same_o in_o all_o thing_n a_o agreement_n therefore_o be_v make_v between_o thâ—m_n in_o this_o manner_n the_o earl_n present_o regain_v all_o his_o land_n the_o generality_n of_o our_o historian_n as_o bromâ—on_n confess_v deny_v that_o godwin_n ever_o flee_v into_o dâ—nmark_n or_o leave_v england_n for_o the_o murder_n of_o alfred_n graft_n they_o general_o affirm_v that_o he_o purge_v himself_o thereof_o though_o false_o coram_fw-la proceribus_fw-la before_o the_o noble_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o hardecnute_a swear_v with_o his_o compurgator_n that_o he_o never_o consent_v to_o his_o death_n nisi_fw-la regia_fw-la vi_o coactus_fw-la but_o through_o compulsion_n by_o royal_a violence_n record_v likewise_o that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n hardecnute_a prince_n edward_n be_v call_v out_o of_o normandy_n and_o elect_a king_n principal_o by_o the_o help_n and_o counsel_n of_o earl_n godwin_n himself_o who_o as_o malmesbuâ—y_n and_o other_o write_v persuade_v he_o to_o accept_v the_o crown_n and_o precontract_v with_o he_o before_o hâ—_n come_v into_o england_n 80._o paciscatur_fw-la ergo_fw-la sibi_fw-la amicitiam_fw-la solidam_fw-la filiis_fw-la honores_fw-la integros_fw-la filiae_fw-la matrimonium_fw-la brevi_fw-la futurum_fw-la ut_fw-la se_fw-la regem_fw-la videat_fw-la qui_fw-la nunc_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la naufragus_fw-la exul_fw-la spei_fw-la alterius_fw-la opem_fw-la implorat_fw-la utrinque_fw-la fide_fw-la data_fw-la quicquid_fw-la petebatur_fw-la sacramento_fw-la firmavit_fw-la if_o there_o be_v then_o any_o such_o parliament_n as_o this_o then_o hold_v at_o london_n and_o such_o proceed_n in_o it_o concern_v godwin_n it_o be_v most_o probable_o in_o the_o year_n 1043â—_n as_o i_o here_o place_v it_o and_o from_o these_o memorable_a proceed_n in_o it_o we_o may_v observe_v 1._o that_o there_o be_v mention_v only_o of_o the_o king_n earls_z and_o baron_n present_a in_o this_o parliament_n as_o member_n of_o it_o not_o of_o any_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n or_o burgess_n elect_v by_o the_o people_n of_o which_o there_o be_v not_o one_o syllable_n 2._o that_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n in_o parliament_n be_v the_o only_a judge_n in_o that_o age_n in_o parliament_n between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o noble_n subject_n both_o in_o criminal_a and_o other_o cause_n there_o decide_v 3._o that_o peer_n in_o that_o age_n be_v only_o try_v and_o judge_v by_o their_o peer_n for_o treason_n and_o capital_a offence_n 4._o that_o appeal_v of_o treason_n be_v then_o try_v in_o parliament_n and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n the_o sole_a judge_n of_o they_o and_o of_o what_o offence_n be_v treason_n and_o what_o not_o 5._o that_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n in_o that_o age_n have_v no_o vote_n in_o matter_n of_o treason_n and_o capital_a offence_n 6._o that_o the_o judgement_n of_o parliament_n then_o reâ—ted_v proper_o in_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n not_o the_o king_n and_o that_o their_o judgement_n be_v not_o repealable_a by_o but_o obligatory_a to_o the_o
and_o slay_v such_o as_o resist_v they_o then_o march_v from_o severn_n into_o the_o confine_n of_o somersetshire_n and_o dorsetshire_n they_o plunder_v many_o town_n and_o village_n in_o those_o part_n against_o who_o a_o great_a multitude_n assemble_v out_o of_o these_o two_o county_n make_v head_n be_v encounter_v and_o rout_v by_o harold_n many_o of_o their_o chief_a officer_n and_o other_o be_v slay_v after_o which_o they_o return_v to_o their_o ship_n with_o great_a booty_n sail_v round_o about_o by_o the_o shore_n to_o plimoâ—th_n upon_o this_o king_n edward_z speedy_o send_v forth_o forty_o ship_n well_o victual_v and_o furnish_v with_o choice_a soldier_n command_v they_o to_o watch_v for_o and_o resist_v the_o come_n and_o land_v of_o earl_n godwin_n who_o without_o their_o privity_n come_v with_o a_o few_o ship_n undescern_v out_o of_o flanders_n practise_v piracy_n and_o pillage_v the_o seacoast_n of_o kent_n and_o sussex_n and_o at_o last_o come_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o weight_n where_o his_o two_o son_n harold_n and_o leofric_n join_v their_o ship_n and_o force_n with_o he_o they_o studious_o plot_v how_o they_o may_v aveng_v themselves_o upon_o king_n edward_n by_o sea_n griffin_n king_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n by_o their_o instigation_n depopulate_v herefordshire_n by_o land_n &_o slay_v many_o of_o the_o country_n people_n who_o resist_v he_o on_o the_o king_n part_n there_o be_v about_o sixty_o ship_n assemble_v together_o to_o oppose_v harold_n ride_v at_o anchor_n the_o admiral_n of_o which_o navy_n be_v the_o earl_n odo_n and_o ralph_n the_o king_n kinsman_n neither_o be_v the_o king_n himself_o slothful_a in_o this_o necessity_n lie_v all_o night_n on_o shipboard_n and_o diligent_o observe_v the_o excursion_n of_o these_o pirate_n execute_v that_o by_o sage_a counsel_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o age_n he_o can_v not_o act_v with_o his_o hand_n when_o both_o navy_n be_v draw_v near_o together_o and_o ready_a to_o grapple_v with_o and_o encounter_v each_o other_o a_o thick_a fog_n and_o cloud_n sudden_o arise_v blind_v the_o eye_n of_o these_o furiou_n person_n and_o restrain_v the_o wretched_a audacity_n of_o these_o mortal_n so_o that_o they_o can_v not_o encounter_v each_o other_o godwin_n with_o his_o companion_n be_v force_v by_o the_o wind_n to_o return_v from_o whence_o they_o come_v after_o which_o godwin_n and_o his_o son_n by_o secret_a messenger_n draw_v unto_o their_o party_n a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o kent_n essex_n sussex_n and_o surry_n and_o all_o the_o mariner_n of_o hastings_n with_o many_o soldier_n and_o have_v draw_v together_o a_o very_a great_a army_n out_o of_o those_o part_n who_o all_o promise_v with_o one_o voice_n to_o live_v and_o die_v with_o godwin_n forbear_v all_o plunder_v and_o depopulation_n after_o they_o meet_v together_o take_v only_a victual_n for_o their_o army_n when_o occasion_n and_o necessity_n require_v and_o allure_a all_n they_o can_v to_o their_o party_n they_o march_v with_o their_o force_n first_o to_o sandwich_n which_o the_o king_n hear_v of_o be_v then_o at_o london_n speedy_o send_v messenger_n to_o all_o who_o have_v not_o revolt_v from_o he_o 8_o to_o come_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o his_o assistance_n who_o delay_v overlong_o come_v not_o at_o the_o time_n appoint_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n godwin_n come_v up_o the_o thames_n with_o his_o navy_n and_o army_n towards_o london_n and_o pitch_v his_o tent_n in_o souâ—hwark_n near_o the_o city_n king_n edward_n who_o be_v then_o at_o london_n have_v assemble_v a_o great_a company_n of_o arm_a man_n together_o and_o no_o small_a navy_n to_o pursue_v godwin_n and_o his_o son_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n but_o because_o very_o few_o with_o the_o king_n or_o godwin_n have_v courage_n to_o fight_v with_o each_o other_o and_o the_o english_a who_o son_n nephew_n kinsman_n and_o friend_n be_v with_o godwin_n and_o harold_n refuse_v to_o fight_v against_o their_o own_o parent_n &_o kindred_n of_o the_o king_n party_n thereupon_o some_o wise_a man_n on_o both_o part_n diligent_o endeavour_v to_o make_v a_o firm_a peace_n and_o reconciliation_n between_o the_o king_n and_o godwin_n and_o command_v the_o army_n and_o navy_n to_o forbear_v fight_v godwin_n be_v age_v and_o potent_a both_o with_o his_o favour_n and_o tongue_n to_o bow_v the_o mind_n of_o his_o auditor_n very_o well_o purge_v himself_o from_o all_o the_o thing_n object_v against_o he_o the_o next_o morning_n rex_fw-la habens_fw-la cum_fw-la primaribus_fw-la suis_fw-la concilio_n the_o king_n take_v counsel_n with_o his_o noble_n restore_v godwin_n and_o all_o his_o son_n except_o swain_n who_o go_v on_o pilgrimage_n barefoot_a to_o jerusalem_n to_o expiate_v the_o murder_n of_o beorne_n together_o with_o the_o queen_n his_o daughter_n to_o their_o former_a honour_n godwin_n give_v his_o son_n wolnoth_n and_o hake_n the_o son_n of_o swain_n his_o hostage_n to_o the_o king_n for_o his_o keep_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o future_a loyalty_n to_o hâ—m_n who_o the_o king_n immediate_o send_v into_o normandy_n to_o be_v keep_v there_o a_o concord_n and_o peace_n be_v thus_o make_v and_o ratify_v the_o king_n and_o nobles_n omni_fw-la populo_fw-la bonas_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o rectam_fw-la justitiam_fw-la promiserunt_fw-la 2_o promise_v good_a law_n and_o râ—ght_a justicâ—_n to_o all_o the_o people_n then_o they_o banish_v robert_n archbishop_n o_o canterbury_n willâ—am_n bâ—shop_n of_o london_n vlfe_a bishop_n of_o dorchester_n and_o all_o the_o other_o norman_n who_o incense_v and_o give_v the_o king_n evil_a counsel_n against_o earl_n godwin_n and_o the_o english_a and_o have_v invent_v unjust_a law_n and_o pronounce_v unjust_a judgement_n against_o they_o permit_v only_o some_o few_o norman_n nominate_v in_o our_o histoâ—ians_n who_o the_o king_n love_v more_o than_o the_o rest_n and_o who_o have_v be_v faithful_a to_o he_o and_o all_o the_o people_n to_o remain_v in_o england_n not_o long_o after_o william_n bishop_n of_o london_n be_v for_o his_o goodness_n recall_v and_o restore_v to_o his_o bishopric_n but_o stigand_n be_v make_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o place_n of_o robert_n and_o osburne_n and_o hugh_n two_o norman_n by_o birth_n leave_v their_o castle_n here_o go_v to_o the_o king_n of_o scot_n who_o entertain_v they_o and_o so_o the_o land_n be_v free_v from_o these_o foreign_a incendiary_n normannos_fw-la omnes_fw-la ignominâ_fw-la notatos_fw-la prolata_fw-la sententia_fw-la in_o robertum_fw-la archiepisâ—_n ejusque_fw-la complice_n quod_fw-la statum_fw-la regni_fw-la conturbarant_a animum_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o provinciales_fw-la agitantes_fw-la upon_o this_o sentence_n denounce_v robert_n and_o other_o of_o they_o present_o flee_v the_o realm_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n without_o expect_v any_o actual_a violence_n to_o banish_v and_o expel_v they_o from_o all_o these_o memorable_a historical_a passage_n as_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o great_a unconstancy_n vicissitude_n and_o change_n of_o earthly_a prince_n favour_n worldly_a honour_n preferment_n and_o popular_a favour_n with_o the_o great_a inconvenience_n of_o admit_v or_o advance_v foreigner_n to_o any_o place_n of_o trust_n or_o power_n under_o the_o king_n or_o court_n so_o we_o may_v likewise_o conclude_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o that_o age._n 1._o that_o no_o english_a man_n ought_v to_o be_v condemn_v execute_v imprison_a or_o put_v to_o death_n upon_o any_o great_a man_n bare_a suggestion_n no_o not_o by_o the_o king_n owâ—_n special_a command_n which_o if_o give_v ought_v to_o be_v disobey_v in_o such_o case_n but_o only_o by_o and_o after_o a_o legal_a hear_n trial_n and_o conviction_n of_o the_o offence_n 2._o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v then_o swear_v and_o oblige_v to_o govern_v their_o people_n by_o good_a just_a and_o wholesome_a law_n and_o custom_n not_o by_o their_o arbitrary_a pleasure_n power_n or_o command_n 3._o that_o the_o parliamentary_a counsel_n and_o noble_n in_o that_o age_n be_v very_o careful_a to_o defend_v and_o maintain_v the_o liberty_n right_n good_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o people_n and_o to_o prevent_v and_o abolish_v all_o unjust_a law_n and_o encroachment_n repugnant_a to_o they_o 4._o that_o parliamentary_a conncel_n be_v then_o frequent_o summon_v by_o the_o king_n upon_o all_o public_a emergent_a occasion_n and_o difference_n and_o to_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n either_o at_o home_n or_o in_o foreign_a part_n 5._o that_o the_o parliamentary_a counsel_n of_o that_o time_n consist_v of_o the_o earl_n baron_n noble_n and_o praelate_n of_o the_o realm_n due_o summon_v to_o they_o without_o any_o mention_n of_o knight_n or_o burgess_n elect_v and_o send_v to_o they_o by_o the_o people_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o precedent_n in_o this_o king_n reign_n enough_o to_o prove_v modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la suppose_v to_o be_v make_v and_o observe_v in_o this_o age_n a_o mere_a
realm_n against_o law_n and_o right_n by_o his_o power_n and_o often_o attempt_v to_o incline_v the_o king_n mind_n to_o his_o injustice_n at_o last_o his_o subtlety_n proceed_v so_o far_o that_o by_o fraud_n deceit_n and_o circumvention_n he_o banish_v out_o of_o the_o land_n almost_o all_o the_o king_n kindred_n and_o friend_n who_o he_o have_v either_o bring_v with_o he_o or_o call_v out_o of_o normandy_n as_o well_o bishop_n as_o clerk_n and_o layman_n of_o other_o dignity_n believe_v that_o all_o thing_n will_v succeed_v according_a to_o his_o desire_n if_o the_o king_n deprive_v of_o all_o his_o friend_n shall_v make_v use_n only_o of_o his_o counsel_n but_o edward_n dissemble_v all_o thing_n in_o regard_n of_o time_n place_n and_o out_o of_o religion_n addict_v himself_o whole_o to_o divine_a duty_n sometime_o predict_v that_o divine_a justice_n will_v at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o revenge_n so_o great_a malice_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o tell_v godwin_n himself_o so_o much_o whereupon_o on_o a_o certain_a day_n when_o the_o king_n be_v celebrate_v the_o feast_n of_o easter_n at_o winchester_n as_o most_o or_o at_o windsor_n as_o some_o or_o hodiam_n as_o other_o relate_v 8._o which_o feast_n be_v famous_a among_o the_o people_n the_o king_n sit_v at_o his_o royal_a table_n at_o dinner_n the_o king_n cupbearer_n harold_n godwin_n own_o son_n as_o some_o record_n bring_v the_o king_n cup_n fill_v with_o wine_n towards_o the_o table_n strike_v one_o of_o his_o foot_n very_o hard_o against_o a_o stumble_a block_n on_o the_o pavement_n fall_v almost_o to_o the_o ground_n but_o his_o other_o foot_n go_v straight_o on_o recover_v he_o again_o and_o set_v he_o upright_o so_o that_o he_o have_v no_o harm_n nor_o shed_v any_o of_o the_o wine_n upon_o which_o many_o discourse_v touch_v this_o event_n and_o rejoice_v that_o one_o foot_n help_v the_o other_o earl_n godwin_n who_o customary_o sit_v next_o to_o the_o king_n at_o table_n be_v his_o father-in-law_n laugh_v thereat_o say_v by_o way_n of_o merriment_n here_o a_o brother_n help_v a_o brother_n as_o some_o or_o so_o be_v a_o brother_n help_v to_o a_o brother_n and_o one_o assist_v another_o in_o necessity_n as_o other_o report_v his_o word_n to_o who_o the_o king_n upon_o this_o occasion_n ironical_o answer_v say_v thus_o my_o brother_n alfred_n may_v have_v assist_v i_o have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o godwin_n treachery_n who_o will_v not_o permit_v he_o which_o speech_n of_o the_o king_n godwin_n take_v over-grievous_o be_v sore_o afraid_a and_o with_o a_o very_a pale_a and_o sad_a countenance_n reply_v i_o know_v o_o king_n i_o know_v it_o have_v be_v often_o report_v to_o thou_o that_o i_o have_v seek_v to_o betray_v thou_o and_o that_o thou_o o_o king_n do_v as_o yet_o accuse_v and_o suspect_v i_o concern_v the_o death_n of_o thy_o brother_n alfred_n neither_o yet_o do_v thou_o think_v that_o those_o be_v to_o be_v discredit_v who_o call_v i_o either_o he_o or_o thy_o traitor_n or_o betrayer_n but_o let_v thy_o god_n who_o be_v true_a and_o just_a and_o know_v all_o secret_n judge_v between_o we_o and_o let_v he_o never_o suffer_v this_o piece_n of_o bread_n i_o now_o hold_v in_o my_o hand_n to_o pass_v down_o my_o throat_n without_o choke_v i_o if_o i_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o treason_n at_o all_o against_o thou_o or_o have_v ever_o so_o much_o as_o a_o thought_n to_o betray_v thou_o or_o if_o i_o be_v guilty_a of_o thy_o brother_n death_n or_o if_o ever_o thy_o brother_n by_o i_o or_o my_o counsel_n be_v near_o to_o death_n or_o remote_a from_o life_n and_o so_o may_v i_o safe_o swallow_v down_o this_o morsel_n of_o bread_n in_o my_o hand_n as_o i_o be_o guiltless_a of_o these_o fact_n when_o he_o have_v thus_o speak_v the_o king_n bless_v the_o piece_n of_o bread_n whereupon_o godwin_n put_v it_o into_o his_o mouth_n swallow_v it_o down_o to_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o throat_n where_o it_o stick_v so_o fast_o that_o he_o can_v neither_o get_v it_o down_o nor_o cast_v it_o up_o by_o any_o mean_n till_o through_o the_o cooperation_n of_o divine_a vengeance_n he_o be_v so_o choke_v with_o it_o that_o his_o breath_n be_v quite_o stop_v his_o eye_n turn_v upside_o down_o his_o arm_n grow_v stiff_a be_v conscious_a to_o himself_o of_o what_o he_o thus_o abjure_v and_o so_o he_o fall_v down_o dead_a under_o the_o table_n deus_fw-la autem_fw-la iustùs_fw-la et_fw-la verax_fw-la audivit_fw-la uâ—cem_fw-la proditoris_fw-la et_fw-la mox_fw-la eodem_fw-la pane_fw-la strangulatus_fw-la mortem_fw-la praegustavit_fw-la aeternam_fw-la write_v 476._o radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la the_o king_n see_v he_o pale_a and_o dead_a and_o that_o divine_a judgement_n and_o vengeance_n have_v thus_o pass_v upon_o he_o say_v to_o those_o who_o stand_v by_o drag_v out_o of_o this_o dog_n this_o traitor_n and_o bury_v he_o in_o the_o high_a way_n for_o he_o be_v unworthy_a of_o christian_a burial_n whereupon_o his_o son_n there_o present_a behold_v this_o spectacle_n draw_v he_o from_o under_o the_o table_n into_o a_o bedchamber_n ubi_fw-la debitum_fw-la proditoris_fw-la sortitus_fw-la est_fw-la finem_fw-la and_o immediate_o after_o they_o bury_v he_o privy_o in_o the_o old_a monastery_n at_o winchester_n without_o honour_n or_o solemnity_n abbot_n 889._o ingulphus_n thus_o brief_o relate_v the_o story_n of_o this_o his_o death_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1053._o cum_fw-la godwinus_n come_v in_o mensa_fw-la regis_fw-la de_fw-la nâ—ce_fw-la svi_fw-la fratris_fw-la impeteretur_fw-la ille_fw-la post_fw-la multa_fw-la sacramenta_fw-la tandem_fw-la per_fw-la buccellam_fw-la dâ—glutiendam_fw-la abjuravit_fw-la &_o buccella_fw-la gustata_fw-la continuo_fw-la suffocatus_fw-la interiit_fw-la as_o this_o judgement_n of_o god_n upon_o earl_n godwin_n for_o murder_a prince_n alfred_n right_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o norman_n who_o accompany_v he_o 17_o year_n after_o the_o fact_n be_v most_o exemplary_a so_o god_n justice_n upon_o his_o posterity_n be_v remarkable_a which_o to_o omit_v their_o forementioned_a exile_n trouble_n be_v thus_o epitomise_v by_o 418._o will._n malmâ—b_n godwin_n in_o his_o young_a year_n have_v the_o sister_n of_o cnute_n for_o his_o wife_n on_o who_o he_o beget_v a_o son_n who_o have_v pass_v the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o childhood_n while_o he_o be_v ride_v on_o a_o horse_n give_v to_o he_o by_o his_o grandfather_n in_o a_o proud_a childish_a bravado_n give_v he_o the_o spurr_n and_o â—ains_n the_o horse_n carry_v he_o into_o the_o swift_a stream_n of_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n where_o he_o be_v drown_v his_o mother_n also_o be_v slay_v with_o the_o stroke_n of_o a_o thunderbolt_n receive_v the_o punishment_n of_o her_o cruelty_n who_o be_v report_v to_o buy_v whole_a drove_n of_o slave_n especial_o beautiful_a maid_n in_o england_n and_o to_o send_v they_o into_o denmark_n that_o she_o may_v heap_v up_o riches_n by_o their_o deform_a sale_n after_o her_o death_n he_o marry_v another_o wife_n on_o who_o he_o beget_v harold_n swain_n wulnoth_n tosti_n girth_n and_o leofwin_n harold_n after_o edward_n be_v king_n for_o some_o month_n and_o be_v conquer_v by_o william_n at_o hastings_n lose_v both_o his_o life_n and_o kingdom_n with_o his_o two_o young_a brother_n there_o slay_v in_o battle_n wulnoth_n send_v into_o normandy_n by_o king_n edward_n because_o his_o father_n have_v give_v he_o for_o a_o hostage_n be_v there_o detain_v a_o prisoner_n without_o any_o release_n during_o all_o king_n edward_n life_n and_o be_v send_v back_o into_o england_n in_o william_n reign_n continue_v in_o bond_n at_o sarisbury_n till_o his_o old_a age_n swain_n of_o a_o perverse_a wit_n treacherous_a against_o his_o king_n revolt_v oftentimes_o both_o from_o his_o father_n and_o his_o brother_n harold_n and_o become_v a_o pirate_n pollute_v the_o virtue_n of_o his_o ancestor_n with_o his_o maritime_a robbery_n and_o murder_n at_o last_o go_v barefoot_a to_o jerusalem_n in_o pilgrimage_n out_o of_o conscience_n to_o expiate_v the_o wilful_a murder_n of_o his_o cousin_n breuno_n and_o as_o some_o say_v his_o brother_n in_o his_o return_n thence_o he_o be_v circumvent_v and_o slay_v by_o the_o saracen_n tosti_n be_v advance_v by_o king_n edward_n to_o the_o earldom_n of_o northumberland_n after_o the_o death_n of_o earl_n syward_a rule_v the_o county_n near_o two_o year_n which_o be_v expire_v he_o stir_v up_o the_o northumbrian_n to_o a_o rebellion_n with_o the_o asperity_n of_o his_o manner_n for_o find_v he_o solitary_a they_o chase_v he_o out_o of_o the_o country_n not_o think_v â—it_a to_o slay_v he_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o dukedom_n but_o they_o behead_v all_o his_o man_n both_o english_a and_o dane_n and_o spoil_v he_o of_o all_o his_o horse_n arm_n and_o householdstuff_n whereupon_o be_v deprive_v of_o his_o earldom_n he_o go_v with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n into_o flanders_n and_o at_o
who_o they_o outlaw_v together_o with_o all_o those_o who_o have_v incite_v he_o to_o make_v a_o unjust_a law_n and_o impose_v a_o illegal_a tribute_n upon_o they_o harold_n hear_v these_o thing_n and_o mind_v more_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o country_n than_o his_o brother_n profit_n recall_v his_o army_n and_o the_o kiug_n have_v hear_v their_o answer_n confirm_v morchar_n for_o their_o duke_n tosti_n hateful_a to_o all_o man_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o earl_n edwin_n be_v expel_v out_o of_o england_n by_o the_o northumberlander_n and_o drive_v with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n into_o flanders_n whence_o return_v about_o two_o year_n after_o and_o join_v with_o the_o dane_n he_o enter_v with_o the_o dane_n into_o northumberland_n miserable_o harrow_v the_o whole_a country_n slaughter_a the_o inhabitant_n and_o at_o last_o be_v there_o slay_v with_o most_o of_o his_o soldier_n by_o his_o own_o brother_n king_n harold_n anno_fw-la 1066._o king_n edward_n as_o abbot_n 911â—_n ingulphus_n live_v in_o that_o age_n record_n anno_fw-la 1065._o being_n burden_v with_o old_a age_n perceive_v prince_n edgar_n atheling_n his_o cousin_n edward_n son_n late_o dead_a to_o be_v unfit_a for_o the_o royal_a throne_n tam_fw-la cord_n quam_fw-la corpore_fw-la as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o mind_n as_o body_n and_o that_o earl_n godwin_n many_o and_o wicked_a progeny_n do_v daily_o increase_v upon_o the_o earth_n set_v his_o mind_n upon_o his_o cousin_n william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n et_fw-la eum_fw-la sibi_fw-la succederâ—_n in_o regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la voce_fw-la stabili_fw-la sancivit_fw-la and_o decree_v by_o a_o stable_a vote_n that_o he_o shall_v succeed_v he_o in_o the_o realm_n oâ—_n england_n for_o duke_n william_n be_v then_o superior_a in_o every_o battle_n and_o a_o triumpher_n against_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o his_o fame_n be_v public_o blaze_v abroad_o among_o all_o the_o earl_n of_o normandy_n who_o be_v next_o he_o be_v invincible_a in_o the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n judex_fw-la justissimus_fw-la in_o causarum_fw-la judiciâ—_n a_o most_o just_a judge_n in_o the_o judge_n of_o cause_n and_o most_o religious_a and_o most_o devout_a in_o the_o service_n of_o god_n hereupon_o king_n edward_n send_v robeâ—t_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o he_o as_o his_o legate_n a_o litere_a or_o special_a ambassador_n illumque_fw-la designatum_fw-la svi_fw-la regni_fw-la successorem_fw-la tam_fw-la debito_fw-la cognationis_fw-la quam_fw-la merito_fw-la virtutis_fw-la suae_fw-la archipraesulis_fw-la relaâ—u_fw-la insinuavit_fw-la and_o intimate_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o relation_n of_o his_o archbishop_n that_o he_o have_v design_v he_o to_o be_v the_o successor_n of_o his_o realm_n as_o well_o by_o the_o debt_n of_o kindred_n as_o by_o the_o merit_n of_o virtue_n moreover_o harold_n the_o major_a of_o the_o king_n court_n come_v into_o normandy_n not_o only_o swear_v that_o he_o will_v conserve_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n for_o duke_n william_n afâ—er_v the_o king_n death_n but_o likewise_o promise_v upon_o oath_n that_o he_o will_v take_v the_o daughter_n of_o duke_n william_n for_o his_o wife_n and_o upon_o these_o promise_n return_v home_o magnificent_o reward_v after_o which_o â—e_n subjoin_v edwardi_fw-la pâ—issimi_fw-la regis_fw-la cujus_fw-la cognatione_fw-la et_fw-la consanguinitate_fw-la inclytus_fw-la rex_fw-la noster_fw-la willelmus_fw-la fundat_fw-la conscientiam_fw-la svam_fw-la regnâ—m_fw-la angliae_fw-la invadendi_fw-la caeteris_fw-la regibus_fw-la de_fw-la danorum_fw-la sanguine_fw-la quasi_fw-la nullius_fw-la authoritatis_fw-la ad_fw-la allegandum_fw-la interim_n intermissis_fw-la 93._o william_n of_o malmsbury_n who_o flourish_v in_o oâ—_n near_o that_o very_a age_n thus_o second_v he_o after_o the_o death_n of_o edward_n his_o son_n edgar_n be_v neque_fw-la promptus_fw-la mâ—nu_fw-la neque_fw-la probus_fw-la ingenio_fw-la rex_fw-la itaque_fw-la defuncto_fw-la cognato_fw-la quia_fw-la spes_fw-la prioris_fw-la erat_fw-la soluta_fw-la suffragii_fw-la willielmo_n comiti_fw-la normanniae_fw-la successionem_fw-la angliae_fw-la dedit_fw-la erat_fw-la ille_fw-la hoc_fw-la munâ—re_fw-la dignus_fw-la praesâ—ans_fw-la animi_fw-la juvenis_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la in_o supremum_fw-la fastigium_fw-la alacri_fw-la labour_v excreverat_fw-la praeterea_fw-la proxime_fw-la consanguineus_fw-la filius_fw-la roberti_n filius_fw-la richardi_fw-la seâ—undi_fw-la quem_fw-la fratrem_fw-la fuisse_fw-la emmae_fw-la matris_fw-la edwardi_fw-la non_fw-la semel_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la diximus_fw-la ferunt_fw-la quidam_fw-la ipsum_fw-la haroldum_n a_o rege_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la normanniam_fw-la missum_fw-la alii_fw-la secretioris_fw-la coâ—silii_fw-la conscii_fw-la invitum_fw-la venti_fw-la violentia_fw-la illuc_fw-la actum_fw-la quo_fw-la se_fw-la tueretur_fw-la invenisse_fw-la commenâ—um_fw-la quod_fw-la quia_fw-la propius_fw-la vero_fw-la videtur_fw-la exponam_fw-la harold_n come_v to_o his_o farm_n at_o boseam_n go_v for_o his_o recreation_n into_o a_o fisherboat_n and_o put_v forth_o into_o the_o sea_n in_o sport_n be_v by_o a_o sudden_a contrary_a storm_n arise_v drive_v with_o his_o companion_n into_o the_o village_n of_o ponthieu_n in_o france_n where_o he_o be_v strip_v and_o bind_v hand_n and_o foot_n by_o the_o rude_a country_n people_n and_o carry_v prisoner_n to_o guido_n their_o earl_n who_o detain_v he_o in_o prison_n to_o gain_v a_o ransom_n from_o he_o whereupon_o harold_n be_v of_o a_o subtle_a wit_n study_v how_o to_o relieve_v himself_o by_o large_a promise_n procure_v a_o messenger_n to_o inform_v duke_n william_n that_o he_o be_v send_v by_o the_o king_n into_o normandy_n that_o what_o lesser_a messenger_n have_v but_o muâ—tered_v touch_v his_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n he_o may_v perform_v by_o his_o presence_n especial_o that_o he_o be_v detain_v in_o bond_n by_o earl_n guido_n whereby_o he_o be_v hinder_v to_o deliver_v his_o message_n notwithstanding_o his_o appeal_n to_o he_o which_o be_v a_o great_a diminution_n to_o his_o honour_n and_o if_o his_o captivity_n be_v to_o be_v redeem_v with_o money_n he_o will_v willing_o give_v it_o to_o he_o and_o not_o to_o guido_n upon_o which_o he_o be_v by_o duke_n williams_n command_v release_v bring_v by_o guidâ—_n into_o normandy_n and_o there_o noble_o feast_v by_o the_o duke_n where_o by_o his_o valour_n and_o policy_n he_o gain_v great_a reputation_n with_o duke_n william_n and_o that_o he_o may_v more_o endear_v himself_o in_o his_o favour_n he_o there_o voluntary_o of_o his_o own_o accord_n confirm_v to_o he_o the_o castle_n of_o dover_n which_o belong_v to_o he_o of_o right_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n after_o king_n edward_n decease_n whereupon_o the_o duke_n espouse_v he_o to_o his_o daughter_n adeliza_n than_o a_o child_n and_o bestow_v her_o whole_a ample_a portion_n upon_o harold_n and_o then_o honourable_o dismiss_v he_o 426._o matthew_n westminster_n anno_fw-la 1057._o relate_v this_o story_n of_o harold_n drive_v into_o ponthieu_n by_o storm_n against_o his_o will_n as_o happen_v in_o that_o year_n and_o that_o to_o ingratiate_v himself_o with_o duke_n william_n post_fw-la mortem_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la ei_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la sacramento_n firmavit_fw-la subjoin_v thereto_o tradunt_fw-la autem_fw-la aliter_fw-la alii_fw-la quod_fw-la videlicet_fw-la haroldus_n a_o rege_fw-la edwardo_n fuerat_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la in_o normanniam_fw-la missus_fw-la ut_fw-la ducem_fw-la gulihelmum_fw-la in_o angliam_fw-la conducerâ—t_fw-la qnem_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la haeredem_fw-la sibi_fw-la constituere_fw-la cogitavit_fw-la roger_n de_fw-fr hoved._n annal._n pars_fw-la prio_fw-la p._n 499._o radulph_n de_fw-fr diceto_fw-it abbr._n chron._n col_fw-fr 480_o 481._o eadmerus_fw-la hist._n novorum_n l._n 1._o p._n 4_o 5._o sim._n dunel_n hist._n col_fw-fr 195._o io._n bromton_n in_o his_o chronicle_n col_fw-fr 947._o hygden_n in_o his_o polychron_n l._n 6._o c._n 27._o with_o other_o record_v the_o matter_n somewhat_o different_a from_o our_o other_o historian_n that_o harold_n after_o his_o father_n death_n crave_v leave_n of_o king_n edward_n to_o go_v into_o normandy_n to_o free_a and_o bring_v into_o england_n his_o brother_n wulnoth_n &_o nephew_n hake_n there_o detain_v hostage_n the_o king_n will_v not_o permit_v he_o to_o go_v as_o senâ—_n by_o he_o but_o yet_o leave_v he_o free_a to_o do_v what_o he_o please_v of_o himself_o therein_o add_v praesentio_fw-la tamen_fw-la te_fw-la ad_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la tendere_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o detrimentum_fw-la totius_fw-la anglici_fw-la regni_fw-la et_fw-la opprobrium_fw-la tui_fw-la nec_fw-la enim_fw-la ita_fw-la novi_fw-la comitem_fw-la mentis_fw-la expertem_fw-la ut_fw-la eos_fw-la aliquatenus_fw-la velit_fw-la concedere_fw-la tibi_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la praescierit_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la magnum_fw-la proficuum_fw-la svi_fw-la harold_n notwithstanding_o take_v ship_n to_o go_v into_o normandy_n upon_o this_o occasion_n be_v drive_v by_o storm_n into_o ponthieu_n and_o there_o imprison_v as_o aforesaid_a and_o by_o duke_n william_n mean_n and_o threat_n after_o two_o denial_n release_v who_o honourable_o entertain_v he_o for_o some_o day_n to_o advance_v his_o own_o design_n by_o he_o at_o last_o open_v his_o mind_n thus_o to_o he_o dicebat_fw-la itaque_fw-la regem_fw-la edwardum_fw-la quando_fw-la secum_fw-la invene_v olim_fw-la juvenis_fw-la in_o normannia_n demoraretur_fw-la
of_o the_o noble_n and_o common_a soldier_n be_v so_o incense_v that_o detest_a the_o covetousness_n of_o their_o prince_n they_o unanimous_o depart_v from_o his_o service_n and_o refuse_v to_o march_n wiâ—h_v he_o against_o the_o norman_n this_o triumphant_a victory_n so_o puff_v up_o harold_n that_o he_o think_v himself_o secure_a in_o the_o throne_n beyond_o the_o fear_n or_o reach_v of_o any_o adversity_n and_o instead_o of_o a_o king_n become_v a_o tyrant_n whilst_o harold_n with_o all_o his_o land_n and_o sea_n force_n be_v thus_o buâ—ied_v in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n duke_n william_n in_o august_n assemble_v all_o his_o land_n army_n and_o navy_n consist_v of_o 900_o ship_n at_o the_o port_n of_o s._n valerie_n to_o invade_v england_n in_o the_o south_n then_o whole_o destitute_a of_o all_o guard_n by_o land_n and_o navy_n by_o sea_n to_o resist_v his_o land_n and_o to_o satisfy_v his_o soldier_n and_o all_o other_o of_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o undertake_n haywood_n he_o allege_v these_o three_o cause_n thereof_o which_o henry_n the_o knyghton_n divide_v into_o four_o the_o first_o be_v to_o revenge_v the_o cruel_a murder_n of_o his_o cousin_n prince_n alfred_n king_n edmund_n brother_n and_o of_o the_o norman_n who_o come_v with_o he_o to_o assist_v he_o to_o recover_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n to_o which_o he_o be_v right_a heir_n who_o godwin_n and_o his_o son_n have_v shameful_o dishonour_v treacherous_o betray_v and_o barbarous_o murder_v which_o fact_n he_o ascribe_v principal_o to_o harold_n the_o second_o be_v because_o godwin_n and_o his_o son_n by_o their_o cunning_n have_v injurious_o banish_v robert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n earl_n odo_n and_o all_o the_o french_a and_o norman_n out_o of_o england_n which_o wrong_v he_o will_v revenge_v on_o harold_n as_o do_v principal_o by_o his_o mean_n and_o labour_n the_o three_o and_o chief_a ground_n be_v because_o harold_n fall_v headlong_o into_o perjury_n have_v without_o any_o right_n usurp_v the_o crown_n and_o realm_n of_o england_n which_o of_o due_n belong_v unto_o he_o both_o by_o right_n of_o kindred_n to_o and_o gift_n by_o king_n edward_n his_o nephew_n and_o by_o harold_n own_o solemn_a oath_n and_o promise_n make_v to_o he_o in_o normandy_n to_o preserve_v the_o kingdom_n for_o his_o use_n after_o king_n edward_n death_n without_o child_n according_a to_o king_n edward_n command_n while_o duke_n william_n with_o his_o ship_n and_o army_n lay_v many_o day_n together_o at_o s._n valerie_n expect_v a_o fair_a gale_n for_o england_n the_o wind_n be_v across_o 100_o many_o of_o the_o common_a soldier_n there_o lie_v in_o tent_n thus_o mutter_v one_o to_o another_o that_o the_o man_n be_v mad_a who_o will_v by_o force_n invade_v and_o make_v another_o man_n country_n and_o realm_n his_o own_o that_o god_n do_v fight_v against_o they_o in_o withdraw_v the_o wind_n that_o his_o father_n attempt_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o be_v hinder_v and_o inhibit_v therein_o that_o it_o be_v fatal_a to_o his_o family_n that_o aspire_v to_o thing_n above_o their_o power_n they_o shall_v find_v god_n opposite_a to_o they_o these_o speech_n bruit_v abroad_o which_o may_v enfeeble_v the_o strength_n and_o abate_v the_o courage_n even_o of_o valiant_a man_n the_o duke_n thereupon_o take_v counsel_n with_o his_o senator_n cause_v the_o corpse_n of_o st._n valerie_n to_o be_v bring_v forth_o to_o procure_v a_o wind_n other_o &_o present_o a_o prosperous_a gale_n fill_v their_o sail_n the_o duke_n himself_o first_o take_v ship_n and_o launch_v forth_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n after_o he_o then_o cast_v anchor_n till_o the_o fleet_n come_v round_o about_o he_o they_o all_o sail_v with_o a_o gentle_a course_n land_v at_o hastings_n and_o pevemsy_n the_o duke_n step_v forth_o of_o the_o ship_n upon_o the_o shore_n one_o of_o his_o foot_n slip_v so_o that_o he_o fall_v down_o into_o the_o mud_n one_o of_o his_o hand_n be_v fill_v with_o sand_n which_o he_o interpret_v as_o a_o ill_a omen_n and_o sinister_a event_n but_o one_o of_o his_o soldier_n who_o stand_v next_o he_o lift_v he_o up_o from_o his_o fall_n while_o he_o hold_v the_o mud_n in_o his_o hand_n change_v this_o event_n into_o a_o better_a interpretation_n say_v most_o happy_a duke_n thou_o already_o possesse_v england_n and_o plowe_v it_o up_o behold_v the_o land_n be_v in_o thy_o hand_n lift_v up_o thyself_o with_o good_a hope_n thou_o shall_v be_v king_n of_o england_n ere_o long_o no_o soon_o be_v the_o army_n land_v other_o but_o the_o king_n strict_o charge_v they_o to_o forbear_v plunder_v and_o take_v no_o booty_n see_v they_o ought_v to_o spare_v the_o thing_n that_o shall_v be_v his_o own_o nor_o to_o wrong_v any_o of_o their_o person_n who_o shall_v ere_o long_o become_v his_o subject_n 137_o richard_n vestegan_n record_v out_o of_o a_o french_a historian_n that_o duke_n william_n the_o same_o day_n he_o land_v in_o england_n cause_v divers_a of_o his_o chief_a officer_n and_o friend_n to_o dine_v with_o he_o 3_o and_o chance_v at_o dinner_n to_o talk_v of_o a_o astrologer_n who_o by_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v assure_v he_o at_o st._n valerie_n that_o harold_n shall_v never_o withstand_v he_o but_o submit_v himself_o unto_o he_o and_o yield_v he_o faith_n and_o homage_n will_v now_o that_o the_o say_a astrologer_n shall_v be_v bring_v unto_o he_o who_o he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v embark_v for_o that_o voyage_n but_o it_o be_v tell_v he_o that_o the_o ship_n wherein_o the_o say_a astrologer_n sail_v be_v cast_v away_o at_o sea_n anâ—_n he_o drown_v in_o it_o whereunto_o the_o duke_n reply_v that_o man_n be_v not_o wise_a who_o have_v more_o regard_n â—o_o the_o good_a or_o ill_a fortune_n of_o another_o than_o unto_o his_o own_o i_o be_o now_o thanks_o be_v to_o god_n come_v over_o i_o know_v not_o how_o the_o rest_n will_v succeed_v how_o false_a this_o stargazer_n prediction_n prove_v the_o sequel_n will_v manifest_v other_o duke_n william_n after_o his_o arrival_n rest_v quiet_o 15._o day_n without_o act_v any_o thing_n as_o if_o he_o mind_v nothing_o less_o than_o war_n after_o which_o to_o cut_v off_o all_o occasion_n or_o hope_n of_o return_n from_o his_o soldier_n he_o fire_v all_o his_o ship_n or_o as_o some_o write_v draw_v they_o all_o a_o shore_n and_o entrench_v they_o as_o other_o erect_v only_o a_o castle_n on_o the_o shore_n for_o a_o retire_a place_n for_o his_o soldier_n if_o need_n be_v from_o pevensy_n he_o march_v to_o hastings_n where_o he_o build_v another_o fort._n 1._o henry_n de_fw-fr knyghton_n record_n that_o the_o first_o night_n he_o lodge_v in_o england_n in_o his_o pavilion_n there_o come_v a_o voice_n unto_o he_o say_v william_n william_n be_v thou_o a_o good_a man_n because_o thou_o shall_v obtain_v the_o crown_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o shall_v be_v king_n of_o england_n and_o when_o thou_o shall_v vanquish_v the_o enemy_n cause_n a_o church_n to_o be_v build_v in_o the_o same_o place_n in_o my_o name_n so_o many_o hundred_o foot_n in_o length_n as_o in_o number_n of_o year_n the_o seed_n of_o thy_o blood_n shall_v possess_v the_o government_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o reign_v in_o england_n a_o 150._o year_n but_o 440._o matthew_n westminster_n write_v this_o voice_n be_v after_o the_o battle_n with_o harold_n not_o before_o it_o and_o the_o subsequent_a word_n in_o knyghton_n touch_v his_o march_n to_o london_n import_v as_o much_o hayward_n harold_n reside_v in_o the_o north_n after_o his_o great_a victory_n there_o when_o he_o deem_v all_o his_o enemy_n total_o break_v in_o piece_n receive_v certain_a intelligence_n that_o duke_n william_n be_v safe_o arrive_v at_o pevensey_n with_o his_o fleet_n and_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o valiant_a horseman_n slinger_n archer_n and_o footman_n who_o he_o have_v hire_v out_o of_o all_o france_n whereupon_o he_o present_o march_v with_o his_o army_n in_o great_a haste_n towards_o london_n and_o although_o he_o well_o know_v that_o most_o of_o the_o valiant_a man_n in_o all_o england_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o two_o late_a battle_n against_o tosti_n and_o the_o dane_n that_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o common_a soldier_n have_v quite_o desert_v he_o refuse_v to_o march_v with_o he_o in_o that_o necssity_n because_o he_o permit_v they_o not_o to_o share_v with_o he_o in_o the_o great_a booty_n they_o have_v win_v with_o their_o blood_n and_o that_o half_a his_o army_n wâ—re_v not_o come_v togethers_o yet_o he_o resolve_v forthwith_o to_o march_v into_o sussex_n against_o the_o enemy_n and_o fight_v they_o with_o those_o small_a force_n tire_v he_o then_o have_v be_v most_o of_o they_o mercenary_n and_o stipendiaries_n except_o those_o english_a nobleman_n gentleman_n and_o freeman_n who_o
at_o all_o for_o tâ—e_v crown_n of_o england_n be_v hold_v not_o as_o patrimonial_a but_o in_o succession_n by_o remotion_n which_o be_v a_o succeed_a to_o another_o place_n it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o king_n edward_n to_o collate_v the_o same_o by_o any_o dispositive_a and_o testamentary_a will_n the_o right_a descend_v to_o the_o next_o of_o blood_n only_o by_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o successor_n be_v not_o saâ—d_v to_o be_v the_o heir_n of_o the_o king_n but_o of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o make_v he_o so_o and_o 16._o can_v be_v put_v from_o it_o by_o any_o act_n of_o his_o predecessor_n 9_o that_o the_o nobility_n clergy_n and_o people_n free-election_n have_v be_v usual_o most_o endeavour_v and_o seek_v aâ—ter_n by_o our_o king_n â—especially_o life_n intruder_n as_o their_o best_a and_o sure_a title_n to_o these_o legal_a i_o shall_v only_o subjoin_v some_o political_a and_o theological_a observation_n natural_o flow_v from_o the_o premise_a history_n of_o king_n edward_n harold_n and_o william_n not_o unsuitable_a to_o nor_o unseasonable_a for_o the_o most_o serious_a thought_n and_o sad_a contemplation_n of_o the_o present_a age_n consider_v the_o revolution_n and_o posture_n of_o our_o public_a affair_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v very_o unsafe_a and_o perilous_a for_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o intrust_v the_o military_a and_o civil_a power_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o any_o one_o potent_a ambitious_a or_o covetous_a person_n who_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o abuse_v they_o to_o the_o people_n oppression_n the_o kingdom_n perturbation_n and_o his_o sovereign_n affront_n or_o danger_n as_o be_v evident_a by_o earl_n godwin_n and_o his_o son_n 2._o that_o devout_a pious_a soft-natured_a prince_n be_v apt_a to_o be_v abuse_v and_o their_o people_n to_o be_v oppress_v by_o evil_a officer_n 3._o that_o it_o be_v very_o dangerous_a and_o pernicious_a to_o heditary_a kingdom_n for_o their_o king_n to_o die_v without_o any_o certain_a know_v and_o declare_v right_a heir_n or_o successor_n to_o their_o crown_n yea_o a_o occasion_n of_o many_o war_n and_o revolution_n as_o be_v evident_a by_o king_n edward_n death_n without_o iâ—sue_n or_o declare_v right_a heir_n 4._o that_o right_a heir_n to_o crown_n who_o be_v of_o tender_a year_n weak_a judgement_n or_o impotent_a in_o friend_n and_o purse_n be_v easy_o and_o frequent_o put_v by_o their_o right_n by_o bold_a active_a and_o powerful_a intruder_n as_o edgar_n atheling_n be_v both_o by_o haroâ—d_n and_o william_n successive_o yet_o this_o be_v remarkable_a in_o both_o these_o invader_n of_o his_o royal_a right_n 1._o that_o 349._o harold_n who_o first_o dethrone_v he_o to_o make_v he_o some_o kind_n of_o recompense_n and_o please_v the_o noble_n of_o his_o party_n create_v edgar_n earl_n of_o oxford_n and_o hold_v he_o in_o special_a favour_n 2_o lie_n that_o king_n willam_n the_o first_o to_o who_o 369._o he_o submit_v himself_o and_o do_v homage_n and_o fealty_n use_v he_o very_o honourable_o and_o entertain_v he_o in_o his_o court_n not_o only_o at_o first_o buâ—_n even_o after_o he_o have_v twice_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o 2350._o join_v first_o with_o the_o english_a nobility_n then_o with_o the_o dane_n and_o scot_n against_o his_o interest_n for_o edgar_n come_v to_o he_o into_o normandy_n anno_fw-la 1066._o out_n of_o scotland_n where_o he_o live_v some_o year_n where_o nihil_fw-la ad_fw-la praesens_fw-la commodi_fw-la nihil_fw-la ad_fw-la futurum_fw-la spei_fw-la praeter_fw-la quotidianam_fw-la stipem_fw-la nactus_fw-la esset_fw-la he_o not_o only_o pardon_v his_o forepast_a offence_n but_o magno_fw-la donativo_fw-la donatus_fw-la est_fw-la pluribusque_fw-la annis_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la manens_fw-la libram_fw-la argenti_n quotidie_fw-la in_o stipendio_fw-la accipiebat_fw-la write_v 103._o malmesb._n receive_v a_o great_a donative_n from_o he_o and_o a_o pound_n of_o silver_n for_o a_o stipend_n every_o day_n and_o continue_v many_o year_n in_o his_o court._n after_o which_o anno_fw-la 1089._o he_o go_v into_o â—76_n apulia_n to_o the_o holy_a war_n by_o king_n william_n licence_n with_o 200_o soldier_n and_o many_o ship_n whence_o return_v after_o the_o death_n of_o robert_n son_n of_o godwin_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o best_a soldier_n he_o receive_v many_o benefit_n from_o the_o emperor_n both_o of_o greece_n and_o germany_n who_o endeavour_v to_o retain_v he_o in_o their_o court_n for_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o birth_n but_o he_o contemn_v all_o their_o proffer_n out_o of_o a_o desire_n to_o enjoy_v his_o native_a country_n return_v into_o england_n and_o there_o live_v all_o king_n william_n reign_n 217._o in_o the_o year_n 1091._o wil._n rufus_n go_v into_o normandy_n to_o take_v it_o by_o force_n from_o his_o brother_n robert_n deprive_v edgar_n of_o the_o honour_n which_o his_o brother_n with_o who_o he_o side_v have_v confer_v upon_o he_o and_o banish_v he_o out_o of_o normandy_n whereupon_o he_o go_v into_o scotland_n where_o by_o his_o mean_n a_o peace_n be_v make_v between_o william_n rufus_n and_o malcholm_n king_n of_o scot_n he_o be_v again_o reconcile_v to_o edgar_n by_o earl_n robert_n mean_n &_o return_v into_o england_n be_v in_o so_o great_a favour_n with_o the_o king_n that_o in_o the_o 466._o year_n 1097._o he_o send_v he_o into_o scotland_n with_o a_o army_n ut_fw-mi in_o ea_fw-la consobrinum_fw-la suum_fw-la eadgarum_fw-la malcholmi_n regis_fw-la filium_fw-la patruo_fw-la svo_fw-la dufenoldo_n qui_fw-la regnum_fw-la invaserat_fw-la expulso_fw-la regem_fw-la constitueret_fw-la whence_o return_v into_o england_n he_o live_v there_o till_o after_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o betake_v himself_o in_o his_o old_a age_n to_o a_o retire_a life_n in_o the_o country_n as_o 103._o malmesbury_n thus_o record_v angliam_fw-la rediit_fw-la ubi_fw-la diverso_fw-la fortunae_fw-la ludioro_n rotatus_fw-la nunc_fw-la remotus_fw-la &_o tacitus_fw-la canos_fw-la svo_fw-la in_o agro_fw-la consumit_fw-la where_o most_o probable_o he_o die_v in_o peace_n since_o i_o find_v no_o mention_n of_o his_o death_n no_o less_o than_o 4_o successive_a king_n permit_v this_o right_a heir_n to_o their_o crown_n to_o live_v both_o in_o their_o court_n and_o kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o peace_n and_o security_n such_o waâ—_n the_o christian_a generosity_n charity_n and_o piety_n of_o that_o age_n without_o repute_v it_o high_a treason_n for_o any_o to_o relieve_v or_o converse_v with_o he_o as_o the_o charity_n of_o some_o saint_n in_o this_o iron_n age_n will_v have_v adjudge_v it_o have_v they_o live_v in_o those_o time_n who_o have_v quite_o forget_v this_o gospel_n lesson_n of_o our_o saviour_n they_o then_o practise_v 21._o but_o i_o say_v unto_o you_o love_v your_o enemy_n do_v good_a to_o those_o that_o hate_v you_o etc._n etc._n wherefore_o if_o thy_o enemy_n huâ—ger_n give_v he_o meat_n if_o he_o thirst_v give_v he_o drink_v etc._n etc._n bâ—_n not_o overcome_v of_o evil_a but_o overcome_v evil_a with_o goodness_n 5._o that_o base_a carnal_a fear_n and_o cowardice_n oft_o cause_v both_o prelate_n noble_n and_o people_n to_o desert_n their_o own_o best_a interest_n and_o lawful_a prince_n and_o to_o act_v vote_n and_o submit_v to_o mere_a unrighteous_a usurper_n against_o their_o primitive_a resolution_n judgement_n conscience_n as_o here_o in_o the_o case_n of_o edgar_n and_o rich._n 3._o since_o 6._o that_o general_n puff_v up_o with_o victorious_a success_n and_o have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o land_n and_o sea_n force_v in_o their_o power_n be_v apt_a to_o aspire_v after_o the_o royal_a crown_n and_o sovereignty_n and_o forcible_o to_o usurp_v it_o upon_o the_o next_o occasion_n even_o with_o the_o disinherit_n of_o the_o right_a heir_n and_o hazard_v of_o the_o whole_a realm_n of_o which_o harold_n be_v a_o most_o pregnant_a example_n 7._o that_o ambitious_a aspirer_n after_o the_o royal_a crown_n and_o throne_n will_v make_v no_o conscience_n to_o violate_v all_o sacred_a and_o civil_a oath_n obligation_n contract_n and_o find_v out_o any_o evasion_n to_o elude_v they_o rather_o than_o go_v without_o themâ—_n or_o part_n with_o they_o when_o injurious_o usurp_v â—y_a they_o and_o will_v adventure_v to_o crown_v themselves_o with_o their_o own_o hand_n than_o not_o wear_v the_o diadem_n witness_n harold_n 8._o that_o usurper_n of_o crown_n without_o right_n though_o they_o court_v the_o people_n with_o coronation_n oath_n and_o fair_a promise_n of_o good_a law_n liberty_n immunity_n from_o all_o tax_n and_o grievance_n yet_o usual_o prove_v the_o great_a tyrant_n and_o oppressor_n to_o they_o of_o all_o other_o as_o harold_n and_o william_n in_o some_o sort_n do_v that_o invader_n of_o crown_n and_o sovereign_a power_n without_o any_o right_n title_n or_o colour_n of_o justice_n be_v once_o in_o possession_n will_v never_o part_v with_o they_o to_o those_o who_o have_v better_a right_n upon_o any_o verbal_a treaty_n but_o rather_o
name_n of_o god_n that_o no_o king_n nor_o bishop_n 6._o nor_o prince_n neque_fw-la ullius_fw-la tyrannicae_fw-la potestatis_fw-la homines_fw-la shall_v diminish_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o metropolitical_a see_v or_o presume_v to_o divide_v it_o in_o any_o particle_n whatsoever_o under_o pain_n of_o a_o anathema_n maranatha_n which_o decree_n the_o archbishop_n with_o 12_o other_z bishop_n subscribe_v and_o ratify_v with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n as_o they_o former_o do_v in_o the_o council_n of_o bechanceld_a an._n 798._o and_o in_o this_o council_n divers_a controversy_n concern_v the_o land_n limit_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o other_o bishop_n &_o bishopric_n be_v likewise_o decide_v and_o settle_v as_o you_o may_v therein_o read_v at_o large_a 171._o eadburga_n daughter_n to_o king_n offa_n marry_v brithrie_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n 802._o proud_a of_o her_o parentage_n and_o maâ—ch_n she_o grow_v so_o ambitious_a insolent_a and_o tyrannical_a that_o she_o become_v odâ—ous_a not_o only_o to_o all_o the_o prelate_n noble_n and_o courtier_n but_o to_o the_o people_n likewise_o for_o be_v incite_v with_o malice_n and_o tyranny_n she_o usual_o accuse_v and_o execrate_v to_o the_o king_n all_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o realm_n ordinary_n bishop_n and_o religious_a person_n and_o so_o overcome_v he_o by_o her_o flattery_n that_o those_o who_o she_o begin_v to_o accuse_v aut_fw-la vitâ—_n aut_fw-la regno_fw-la privaret_fw-la she_o will_v either_o deprive_v of_o life_n or_o banish_v they_o the_o realm_n and_o if_o she_o â—ould_v not_o obtain_v this_o from_o the_o king_n against_o they_o she_o accustom_v to_o destroy_v they_o priuâ—ly_o witâ—_n poison_n at_o last_o an._n 802._o she_o prepare_v poison_n to_o destroy_v a_o rich_a and_o noble_a favourite_n of_o the_o king_n who_o he_o extraordinary_o love_v so_o as_o she_o can_v not_o banish_v or_o destroy_v he_o by_o her_o false_a accusatioâ—s_n the_o king_n casual_o drink_v of_o â—he_n poison_n contrary_a to_o her_o intention_n as_o well_o as_o his_o favourite_n they_o be_v both_o therewith_o sudden_o poison_v and_o destroy_v wherewith_o this_o wicked_a woman_n be_v tetrify_v sle_z with_o all_o her_o invaluable_a treasure_n bâ—yond_v the_o sea_n to_o charles_n the_o great_a who_o for_o her_o lasciviousness_n in_o make_v choice_n of_o his_o son_n for_o her_o husband_n before_o himself_o though_o much_o enamour_a with_o her_o transcendent_a beauty_n thrust_v she_o into_o a_o monastery_n 4._o where_o soon_o after_o she_o abuse_v her_o body_n by_o uncleaness_n in_o lie_v with_o a_o lewd_a man_n be_v expel_v thence_o force_v to_o beg_v her_o bread_n and_o end_v her_o day_n in_o extreme_a misery_n a_o just_a judgement_n of_o god_n both_o upon_o a_o tyrannical_a queen_n and_o unrighteous_a king_n seduce_v to_o banish_v and_o condemn_v his_o noble_n and_o subject_n unjust_o by_o her_o solicitation_n for_o this_o her_o most_o heinous_a crime_n the_o westsaxon_n ordain_v a_o law_n to_o the_o grand_a prejudice_n oâ—_n all_o theiâ—_n succeed_v queen_n that_o none_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v eiâ—â—â—r_a title_n majesty_n or_o place_n of_o royalty_n or_o queen_n noâ—_n 〈◊〉_d west-saxones_n reginam_fw-la vel_fw-la juxta_fw-la regem_fw-la 〈◊〉_d â—â—ginae_fw-la appellatione_fw-la insigniri_fw-la patiuntur_fw-la 〈…〉_z eadburgâ—e_o quae_fw-la virum_fw-la sâ—um_fw-la brithicum_fw-la uâ—neno_fw-la perdidit_fw-la &_o juxta_fw-la regem_fw-la â—edens_fw-la omnes_fw-la regni_fw-la nobiles_fw-la accusare_fw-la solebat_fw-la &_o quos_fw-la accusare_fw-la non_fw-la poâ—uit_fw-la potu_fw-la eos_fw-la venenifero_fw-la necare_fw-la consueâ—it_fw-la itaque_fw-la pro_fw-la reginae_fw-la maleficio_fw-la omnes_fw-la conjuraverunt_fw-la quod_fw-la nunquam_fw-la se_fw-la regnare_fw-la permitterent_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o praedictis_fw-la culpabilis_fw-la inveniretur_fw-la as_o william_n oâ—_n malmâ—sbury_n asserius_fw-la menevensis_fw-la matthew_n westminster_n florentius_n wigorniensis_n and_o other_o out_o of_o they_o relate_v 329._o there_o be_v a_o parliamentary_a synod_n or_o council_n hold_v at_o celiohiâ—h_n in_o the_o year_n 816._o 816â—_n at_o which_o not_o only_o wulfr_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n with_o all_o his_o suffragan_n bishop_n but_o likewise_o kenulf_n king_n of_o mercian_n with_o his_o prince_n duke_n and_o noble_n and_o sundry_a abbot_n priest_n 6._o deacon_n and_o other_o sacred_a order_n be_v present_a wherein_o they_o enact_v 11_o constitution_n the_o 6_o whereof_o be_v this_o in_o substance_n that_o the_o judgement_n and_o decree_n of_o bishop_n make_v in_o synod_n shall_v not_o be_v infringe_v but_o remain_v firm_a and_o irrefragable_a be_v ratify_v with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o holy_a cross_n by_o the_o king_n and_o noble_n subscription_n unless_o perchance_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n deem_v the_o subscription_n of_o their_o antecessor_n of_o no_o force_n and_o fear_v not_o to_o reâ—â—rm_v or_o cease_v from_o this_o error_n which_o shall_v rest_v and_o bring_v a_o curse_n on_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n the_o seven_o that_o no_o bishop_n abbot_n or_o abbess_n shall_v alienate_v or_o part_v with_o the_o land_n write_n and_o evidence_n of_o their_o church_n and_o monastery_n wâ—iâ—h_v they_o be_v entrust_v to_o keep_v nisi_fw-la rationabilis_fw-la causa_fw-la poposcit_fw-la adjuvari_fw-la contra_fw-la invasionem_fw-la famis_fw-la &_o depraedationem_fw-la exercitus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la libertatem_fw-la obtinendam_fw-la which_o cause_v they_o repute_v reasonable_a 822._o in_o â—he_n year_n of_o our_o lord_n 822._o there_o be_v a_o parliamentary_a council_n assemble_v at_o clovesho_n 2._o wherein_o beornulph_n king_n of_o mercian_n sit_v precedent_n at_o which_o wuâ—fred_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n omniumque_fw-la dignitatum_fw-la optimatibus_fw-la ecclesiasticarum_fw-la scilicet_fw-la &_o saecularium_fw-la personarum_fw-la be_v present_a debate_v thing_n both_o coneern_v the_o benefit_n and_o regulation_n of_o the_o church_n and_o defence_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o proper_a subject_n of_o our_o present_a english_a parliament_n aâ—_n these_o word_n import_v utilitatem_fw-la &_o necessitatem_fw-la ecclesiarum_fw-la monasterialisque_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la regulam_fw-la et_fw-la obseruantiam_fw-la stabilitatem_fw-la quoque_fw-la regni_fw-la pertractanteâ—_n in_o this_o parliamentary_a council_n the_o proceed_n in_o 3_o precedent_a council_n 6â—_n touch_v the_o complaint_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n of_o the_o injury_n do_v unto_o they_o in_o take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o the_o church_n by_o their_o king_n and_o officer_n with_o the_o proceed_n thereupon_o be_v at_o large_a recite_v which_o i_o shall_v here_o transcribe_v because_o general_o unknown_a to_o most_o and_o best_a discover_v the_o proceed_n of_o our_o ancient_a parliamentary_a council_n in_o case_n of_o this_o nature_n of_o any_o council_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o that_o age_n and_o those_o which_o next_o proceed_v or_o succeed_v it_o all_o the_o say_a person_n in_o the_o say_a council_n sit_v down_o quiet_o together_o it_o be_v inquire_v by_o they_o quomodo_fw-la quis_fw-la cum_fw-la justitia_fw-la sit_fw-la tractatus_fw-la seu_fw-la quis_fw-la injustè_fw-fr sit_fw-la spoliatus_fw-la in_o what_o manner_n any_o one_o have_v be_v handle_v with_o justice_n or_o if_o any_o one_o have_v be_v unjust_o spoil_v whereupon_o amid_o other_o thing_n there_o act_v and_o speak_v it_o be_v show_v that_o archbishop_n wulfr_v by_o the_o misinformation_n and_o enmity_n and_o violence_n and_o avarice_n of_o king_n kenulph_n have_v suffer_v many_o injury_n and_o be_v most_o unjust_o deprive_v of_o his_o just_a domination_n as_o well_o by_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v do_v unto_o he_o among_o we_o here_o in_o england_n as_o by_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v bring_v against_o he_o to_o the_o see_v apostolic_a by_o the_o procurement_n of_o the_o foresay_a king_n kenulph_n by_o which_o accusation_n and_o discord_n not_o only_o the_o forenamed_a archbishop_n but_o also_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n for_o almost_o six_o year_n space_n be_v deprive_v of_o its_o primordial_a authority_n and_o of_o the_o ministry_n of_o sacred_a baptism_n above_o all_o these_o thing_n the_o say_a king_n kenulph_n at_o a_o certain_a time_n with_o his_o council_n come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o london_n appoint_v a_o day_n with_o great_a indignation_n 4_o wherein_o the_o archbishop_n shall_v come_v unto_o he_o whither_o when_o he_o come_v the_o king_n command_v â—hat_n relinquish_a all_o his_o good_n hâ—_n shall_v speedy_o depart_v out_o of_o england_n without_o hope_n of_o return_v any_o more_o neither_o by_o the_o command_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o pope_n neither_o by_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o emperor_n nor_o of_o any_o other_o person_n unless_o he_o will_v consent_v to_o his_o will_n in_o demise_v to_o he_o a_o farm_n of_o 300_o hide_n of_o land_n call_v leogeneâ—ham_n and_o moreover_o will_v give_v to_o the_o say_a king_n one_o hundred_o and_o â—weâ—ty_a pound_n in_o money_n this_o reconciliation_n the_o say_v wulâ—red_v refuse_v long_o contradict_v and_o when_o the_o â—_z of_o the_o man_n of_o god_n and_o noble_n of_o the_o king_n who_o love_v he_o very_o much_o perceive_v the_o rapacity_n and_o
a_o cruel_a death_n who_o give_v he_o this_o ill_a advice_n and_o to_o pacify_v his_o brother_n â—host_n and_o his_o own_o conscience_n build_v two_o new_a monastery_n at_o middleton_n and_o michelresse_n and_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o old_a monastery_n in_o england_n which_o he_o adorn_v not_o either_o with_o building_n or_o ornament_n or_o book_n or_o landâ—_n to_o expâ—ate_v this_o his_o bloody_a crime_n in_o this_o king_n aethelstans_n reign_n in_o the_o year_n 927._o there_o be_v fiery_a beam_n and_o meteor_n see_v throughout_o all_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o england_n soon_o after_o which_o athelstan_n resolve_v utter_o to_o extirpate_v the_o perfidious_a nation_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o treacherous_a scot_n which_o have_v violate_v their_o agreement_n make_v with_o his_o father_n whereupon_o he_o march_v with_o a_o great_a army_n by_o land_n and_o navy_n by_o sea_n into_o northumberland_n and_o scotland_n waste_v and_o harrow_v the_o country_n without_o resistance_n force_v guithfrith_n king_n of_o northumberland_n out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n unite_n it_o to_o his_o own_o realm_n vanquish_v and_o overcome_v howel_n king_n of_o wales_n constantine_n king_n of_o scot_n anlafe_v the_o dane_n and_o other_o in_o a_o set_a battle_n drive_v they_o out_o of_o their_o realm_n and_o force_v they_o to_o submit_v to_o he_o who_o upon_o their_o submission_n know_v the_o chance_n of_o war_n to_o be_v variable_a and_o pity_v the_o case_n of_o these_o downcast_a prince_n restore_v they_o present_o to_o their_o former_a estate_n with_o this_o princely_a speech_n that_o it_o be_v more_o honour_n to_o make_v a_o king_n than_o to_o be_v a_o king_n yet_o these_o petty_a king_n prince_n rebel_a afterward_o &_o side_v with_o anlafe_a against_o he_o be_v all_o rouâ—ed_v by_o athelstanâ—_n king_n constantine_n of_o scotland_n with_o five_o more_o of_o these_o king_n 12_o dukes_z and_o most_o of_o their_o army_n slay_v in_o one_o battle_n principal_o by_o the_o valour_n of_o turketulus_n and_o the_o londoner_n an._n 837_o whereupon_o the_o petty_a king_n of_o wales_n contract_v to_o pay_v he_o a_o yearly_a tribute_n of_o 20_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n and_o 300_o of_o silver_n and_o 25000_o head_n of_o cattle_n with_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o hawk_n and_o hound_n which_o no_o king_n of_o england_n ever_o exact_v or_o receive_v from_o they_o before_o 49._o william_n of_o malmesâ—ury_n who_o exceed_v in_o his_o praise_n write_v that_o it_o be_v true_o report_v of_o he_o among_o the_o english_a quod_fw-la nemo_fw-la legalius_fw-la vel_fw-la literatius_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la administraverit_fw-la that_o no_o king_n govern_v the_o commonwealth_n more_o legal_o or_o learned_o than_o he_o be_v as_o 817._o ingulphus_n record_v guide_v and_o direct_v by_o turketulus_n his_o chancellor_n a_o man_n of_o great_a integrity_n honesty_n and_o piety_n of_o profound_a judgement_n who_o decree_n upon_o debate_n be_v irrefragable_a this_o king_n athelstan_n for_o the_o better_a administration_n of_o justice_n enact_v sundry_a excellent_a civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a law_n record_v in_o bromt._n lamb._n &_o spelm._n 928._o the_o first_o of_o these_o his_o law_n be_v make_v and_o enact_v in_o the_o famous_a archaton_n â—ounâ—il_n of_o grate_o about_o the_o year_n 928_o in_o which_o the_o king_n himself_o wulfehelm_v archbishop_n of_o canteâ—bury_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o all_o the_o noble_n and_o wiseman_n which_o king_n ethelstan_n can_v assemble_v be_v present_a who_o all_o ordain_v and_o confirm_v these_o law_n in_o this_o great_a council_n as_o the_o last_o chapter_n 〈◊〉_d inform_v we_o in_o â—hese_fw-mi word_n 5.6_o totum_fw-la hoc_fw-la institutum_fw-la est_fw-la et_fw-la confirmatum_fw-la in_o magno_fw-la synodo_fw-la apud_fw-la grateleyam_n cui_fw-la archiepiâ—copâ—â—_n 〈…〉_z et_fw-fr omnes_fw-la optimates_fw-la et_fw-la sapientes_fw-la quos_fw-la adelstanus_n rex_fw-la potuit_fw-la congregare_fw-la or_o cumâ—â—_n optimates_fw-la et_fw-la sapientes_fw-la ab_fw-la aetheâ—â—tano_fw-la evocate_n frequentissimi_fw-la as_o another_o copy_n render_v itâ—_n which_o prove_v that_o all_o the_o member_n of_o this_o council_n be_v summon_v to_o it_o by_o this_o king_n write_v and_o not_o elect_v by_o the_o people_n suffrage_n and_o although_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o clergy_n man_n be_v the_o chief_a adviser_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a lâ—ws_n make_v in_o this_o council_n as_o this_o prologue_n to_o they_o atte_v ego_fw-la aethelstanus_fw-la rex_fw-la ex_fw-la prudentiâ—lâ—â—elmae_fw-la â—lâ—â—elmae_z archiepiscopi_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la et_fw-la servorum_fw-la dei_fw-la consilio_fw-la mando_fw-la yet_o they_o be_v all_o enact_v and_o confirm_v by_o all_o the_o noble_n and_o wiseman_n in_o the_o council_n as_o the_o premise_n evidence_n in_o this_o council_n the_o king_n commandedâ—_n by_o his_o law_n all_o his_o officer_n that_o they_o shall_v demand_v and_o exact_v from_o his_o subject_n such_o thing_n and_o duty_n only_o as_o they_o may_v just_o and_o lawful_o receive_v 1._o add_v this_o memorable_a reason_n for_o it_o nunquam_fw-la enim_fw-la erit_fw-la populo_fw-la bene_fw-la consultum_fw-la nec_fw-la digne_fw-fr deo_fw-la conserâ—abitur_fw-la ubi_fw-la lucrum_fw-la impium_fw-la et_fw-la magis_fw-la falsum_fw-la diligitur_fw-la ideo_fw-la â—eâ—ent_fw-la omnes_fw-la amici_fw-la dei_fw-la quoâ—_n miquum_fw-la en_fw-fr enervare_fw-la quod_fw-la â—ustum_fw-la est_fw-la elevare_fw-la non_fw-la paâ—i_fw-la ut_fw-la prope_a falsum_fw-la et_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la quaestum_fw-la se_fw-la forisfaciant_fw-la homines_fw-la erâ—â—â—ere_fw-la â—apientem_fw-la deum_fw-la cui_fw-la displicet_fw-la omnis_fw-la injustitia_fw-la which_o i_o wish_v all_o our_o unrighteous_a covetous_a â—â—x-maâ—â—ers_a exciser_n and_o exacter_n will_v now_o serious_o consider_v afâ—er_v which_o it_o follow_v chrisâ—ianis_fw-la autem_fw-la omnibus_fw-la necesâ—arium_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la rectum_fw-la diligant_fw-la ut_fw-la iniqua_fw-la condemnent_fw-la et_fw-la saltem_fw-la sacris_fw-la ordinibus_fw-la erecti_fw-la justum_fw-la semper_fw-la erigant_fw-la et_fw-la prava_fw-la deponant_fw-la hinc_fw-la debent_fw-la episcopi_fw-la cum_fw-la saeculi_fw-la judicibus_fw-la interest_n judiciis_fw-la ne_fw-la permittant_fw-la si_fw-la possint_fw-la ut_fw-la illinc_fw-la aliqua_fw-la pravitatum_fw-la germina_fw-la pullulaverint_fw-la and_o to_o avoid_v all_o arbitrary_a proceed_n oppression_n and_o injustice_n in_o all_o thing_n this_o council_n by_o positive_a law_n ascertain_v all_o fine_n amerciament_n imprisonment_n and_o corporal_a punishment_n for_o criminal_a offence_n from_o which_o the_o judge_n may_v not_o vary_v and_o withal_o define_v what_o arm_n every_o man_n shall_v â—ind_v in_o those_o time_n of_o war_n against_o the_o dane_n and_o other_o enemy_n by_o his_o positive_a law_n lex_fw-la 21._o sax._n 16._o omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la habebit_fw-la duos_fw-la homines_fw-la cum_fw-la bonis_fw-la equis_fw-la de_fw-la omni_fw-la carucâ_fw-la 3._o king_n ethelstane_n after_o this_o council_n at_o grate_o what_o year_n be_v not_o express_v assemble_v several_a other_o parliamentary_a 5._o council_n at_o exeter_n feuresham_n and_o thunderfeld_n wherein_o he_o and_o his_o wiseman_n by_o common_a consent_n confirm_v the_o law_n make_v at_o grate_o alter_v some_o of_o they_o in_o certain_a particular_n and_o add_v some_o new_a law_n unto_o they_o as_o you_o may_v read_v at_o large_a in_o bromâ—on_n and_o as_o the_o first_o chapter_n and_o this_o prologue_n to_o those_o law_n assure_v we_o 850._o `_o haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la judicia_fw-la quae_fw-la sapientes_fw-la exonâ—ae_fw-la consilio_fw-la adelstani_fw-la regis_fw-la instituerunt_fw-la &_o iterum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d feureshamâ—_n â—_z et_fw-la tertia_fw-la vice_fw-la apud_fw-la thundresfeldiam_fw-la ubi_fw-la hoc_fw-la definitum_fw-la simul_fw-la et_fw-la confiâ—matum_fw-la est_fw-la et_fw-la hoc_fw-la imprimis_fw-la est_fw-la 6._o ut_fw-la observentur_fw-la omâ—ia_fw-la judicia_fw-la quae_fw-la apud_fw-la gratelâ—yam_n imposita_fw-la fuerint_fw-la praeter_fw-la mercatum_fw-la civitatis_fw-la et_fw-la diei_fw-la dominicae_fw-la the_o cause_n of_o make_v these_o new_a law_n and_o confirm_v the_o old_a be_v a_o complaint_n to_o the_o king_n in_o the_o council_n at_o exeter_n that_o the_o peace_n and_o law_n make_v at_o grateley_n be_v not_o so_o well_o keep_v as_o they_o shall_v be_v and_o that_o thief_n and_o malefactor_n abound_v as_o this_o prologue_n manifest_v 850._o ego_fw-la adelstanus_n rex_fw-la notifico_fw-la vobis_fw-la sicut_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la michi_n quod_fw-la pax_fw-la nostra_fw-la pejus_fw-la observata_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la michi_n placet_fw-la vel_fw-la apud_fw-la grateleyam_n fuerit_fw-la institutum_fw-la 6._o et_fw-la sapientes_fw-la michi_n dicunt_fw-la quod_fw-la hocdiutius_fw-la pertuli_fw-la quam_fw-la debueram_fw-la nunc_fw-la inveni_fw-la cum_fw-la illis_fw-la sapientibus_fw-la qui_fw-la apud_fw-la exoniam_fw-la fuerint_fw-la mecum_fw-la in_o sancto_fw-la natali_n domini_fw-la quod_fw-la parati_fw-la sunt_fw-la omnino_fw-la quando_fw-la velim_fw-la cum_fw-la seipsis_fw-la &_o uxoribus_fw-la &_o pecunia_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la re_fw-la suâ_fw-la ire_n quo_fw-la tunc_fw-la voluero_fw-la nisi_fw-la malefactores_fw-la requiescant_fw-la eo_fw-la tenore_fw-la quo_fw-la nunquam_fw-la deinceps_fw-la in_o patriam_fw-la istam_fw-la redeant_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o council_n of_o feuresham_n in_o kent_n the_o king_n by_o some_o of_o his_o wise-counsellor_n send_v thither_o to_o it_o propound_v some_o thing_n for_o the_o weal_n
his_o predecessor_n and_o defraud_v the_o kingdom_n of_o they_o they_o add_v hereunto_o that_o king_n edrid_n have_v commit_v all_o his_o chief_a householdstuff_n plate_n record_n and_o tâ—e_v treasure_n of_o all_o the_o realm_n with_o all_o the_o magazine_n he_o have_v get_v to_o dunstan_n custody_n and_o lay_v â—hem_n up_o in_o â—he_n monastery_n at_o glastonbury_n yea_o he_o commit_v his_o kingdom_n body_n and_o soul_n unto_o he_o so_o as_o all_o be_v whole_o in_o dunstan_n power_n who_o alone_o manage_v all_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o exercise_v regal_a authority_n and_o when_o king_n edred_n in_o his_o sickness_n demand_v all_o his_o householdstuff_n jewel_n money_n and_o treasure_n from_o he_o dunstan_n pretend_v to_o fetch_v they_o before_o he_o return_v with_o they_o dustan_n hear_v a_o voice_n as_o our_o monkish_a writer_n fable_n that_o edred_n be_v dead_a in_o the_o lord_n and_o thereupon_o detain_v they_o in_o his_o and_o his_o monk_n custody_n be_v unwilling_a to_o part_v with_o they_o to_o young_a king_n edwin_n his_o successor_n whereupon_o he_o seize_v on_o they_o by_o force_n as_o of_o righâ—_n belong_v to_o he_o and_o expel_v dunstan_n with_o his_o monk_n and_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o because_o dunstan_n presume_v most_o impudent_o and_o violent_o to_o rush_v into_o his_o bedchamber_n and_o pull_v he_o out_o forcible_o thence_o on_o the_o very_a day_n of_o his_o coronation_n contrary_a to_o all_o christian_a and_o princely_a modesty_n from_o the_o embrace_n of_o his_o beautiful_a and_o belove_a alfgina_fw-la which_o some_o monk_n and_o these_o historian_n report_n to_o be_v his_o lawful_a wife_n â—not_v his_o concubine_n and_o not_o content_a therewith_o he_o excite_v odo_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n public_o to_o divorce_v she_o from_o he_o some_o say_v for_o consanguinity_n only_o and_o other_o for_o other_o reason_n whereupon_o the_o king_n betake_v himself_o to_o his_o concubine_n odo_n suspend_v he_o from_o the_o church_n excommunicate_v all_o his_o concubine_n cause_v one_o of_o they_o who_o the_o king_n best_o affect_v to_o be_v violent_o fetch_v out_o of_o the_o court_n with_o arm_a man_n brand_v she_o in_o the_o forehead_n with_o a_o hot_a iron_n and_o then_o banish_v she_o into_o ireland_n after_o which_o she_o return_v into_o england_n odo_n apprehend_v she_o the_o second_o time_n and_o cut_v off_o her_o sinew_n at_o the_o hock-bone_n all_o which_o intolerable_a affront_v so_o incense_v edwin_n that_o he_o banish_v and_o spoil_v dunstan_n with_o his_o monk_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o threaten_v odo_n with_o severe_a punishment_n none_o other_o in_o the_o realm_n but_o these_o dare_v then_o to_o oppose_v he_o hereupon_o they_o former_o and_o then_o bear_v the_o great_a sway_n by_o way_n of_o revenge_n and_o to_o preveut_fw-fr edwin_n further_a fury_n against_o they_o stir_v up_o the_o mercian_n and_o northumbrian_n to_o reject_v he_o and_o that_o in_o a_o tumultuous_a manner_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n in_o which_o uproar_v edgar_n gain_v possession_n of_o half_a his_o kingdom_n life_n matthew_n parker_n and_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n out_o of_o he_o subjoin_v that_o by_o these_o civil_a dissension_n raise_v between_o king_n edwin_n and_o his_o brother_n edgar_n they_o much_o weaken_v the_o force_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o many_o set_a battle_n fight_v between_o they_o till_o at_o last_o edgar_n get_v the_o better_a convocato_fw-la ad_fw-la branfordiam_fw-la regni_fw-la concilio_fw-la fratris_fw-la edwini_fw-la acta_fw-la et_fw-la decreta_fw-la rescendit_fw-la assemblong_o a_o council_n at_o brandford_n he_o repeal_v all_o the_o act_n and_o decree_n of_o his_o brother_n king_n edwin_n restore_v to_o the_o church_n and_o monastery_n the_o treasure_n he_o have_v take_v from_o they_o 5._o recall_v dunstan_n from_o his_o former_a banishment_n and_o make_v he_o first_o bishop_n of_o worcester_n then_o of_o london_n and_o last_o of_o all_o of_o canterbury_n 2313._o henry_n de_fw-fr knyghton_n a_o canon_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o leicester_n relate_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o leicester_n abbey_n that_o edwin_n be_v expulse_v and_o shameful_o thrust_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n for_o his_o evil_a life_n and_o exorbitant_a action_n do_v against_o the_o church_n the_o monarchy_n of_o england_n continue_v void_a above_o a_o year_n whereupon_o many_o murder_n and_o wickedness_n be_v commit_v and_o infinite_a mischief_n happen_v among_o the_o people_n for_o want_v of_o government_n until_o holy_a man_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n deep_o affect_v therewith_o humble_v themselves_o and_o incessant_o repent_v of_o their_o sin_n and_o pray_v day_n and_o night_n to_o god_n that_o he_o will_v hear_v they_o and_o merciful_o relieve_v they_o in_o so_o great_a necessity_n give_v they_o such_o a_o king_n who_o may_v govern_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o may_v redound_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o realm_n that_o god_n behold_v their_o prayer_n from_o on_o high_a in_o the_o night_n silence_n this_o voice_n be_v hear_v from_o god_n that_o they_o shall_v crown_v edgar_n king_n though_o but_o then_o a_o youth_n who_o rejoice_v with_o this_o divine_a oracle_n most_o likely_a by_o the_o monk_n and_o dunstan_n legerdemain_n the_o divine_a oracle_n that_o utter_v it_o speedy_o advance_v edgar_n to_o be_v king_n be_v but_o 16_o year_n old_a and_o so_o he_o be_v elect_v and_o crown_v king_n by_o a_o divine_a oracle_n which_o never_o happen_v to_o any_o king_n of_o england_n in_o former_a time_n 959._o upon_o edgar_n coronation_n 154â—_n and_o dunstan_n restitution_n an._n 959._o k._n edwin_n reign_v in_o a_o decay_a estate_n live_v in_o little_a esteem_n and_o without_o be_v desire_v for_o very_a grieâ—_n thereof_o as_o some_o write_v he_o die_v after_o he_o have_v for_o 4_o year_n space_n libidinosiè_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o tyrannicè_fw-la lustful_o and_o also_o tyrannical_o depress_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n other_o affirm_v that_o he_o be_v deprive_v both_o of_o his_o life_n and_o kingdom_n by_o the_o rebellion_n of_o his_o subject_n but_o his_o monkish_a opposites_n record_v that_o he_o be_v take_v away_o by_o a_o untimely_a death_n by_o god_n just_a judgement_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 959._o whereupon_o his_o brother_n edgar_n ab_fw-la omni_fw-la populo_fw-la electus_fw-la be_v elect_a king_n by_o all_o the_o people_n unite_v the_o kingdom_n into_o one_o and_o obtain_v the_o entire_a monarchy_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o king_n of_o cumberland_n scotland_n and_o walesâ—_n â—_z voluntary_o submit_v and_o do_v homage_n to_o he_o without_o any_o effusion_n of_o blood_n or_o war_n king_n edgar_z 408._o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 963._o 963._o contrive_v the_o death_n of_o earl_n ethelwald_n who_o as_o some_o author_n aver_v against_o his_o trust_n have_v cheat_v he_o of_o elfrida_n only_a daughter_n of_o ordgarus_n duke_n of_o devonshire_n the_o paragon_n of_o her_o sex_n by_o disparage_v her_o beauty_n to_o the_o king_n and_o marry_v she_o to_o himself_o after_o which_o the_o king_n be_v extraordinary_o ravish_v with_o the_o true_a reporr_n and_o sight_n of_o her_o transcendent_a beauty_n thereupon_o as_o bromtons_n chronicle_n relate_v statim_fw-la post_fw-la octo_fw-la dies_fw-la rex_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la suum_fw-la apud_fw-la sarisberiam_fw-la convocavit_fw-la ubi_fw-la cunctis_fw-la suis_fw-la proceribus_fw-la congregatis_fw-la de_fw-la custodia_fw-la terrae_fw-la northumbriae_fw-la qualiter_fw-la contra_fw-la ingressum_fw-la danorum_fw-la melius_fw-la posset_n custodiri_fw-la tractaverunt_fw-la inter_fw-la quos_fw-la ethelwolfus_n ad_fw-la custodiam_fw-la eboraci_fw-la &_o patriae_fw-la adjacentis_fw-la in_fw-la illo_fw-la erat_fw-la concilio_n deputatus_fw-la a_o clear_a evidence_n that_o matter_n of_o defence_n against_o common_a enemy_n and_o guardian_n of_o the_o seacoast_n against_o the_o dane_n invasion_n 4._o be_v then_o debate_v and_o settle_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o noble_n in_o parl._n then_o usual_o summon_v by_o our_o king_n for_o that_o end_n hereupon_o earl_n ethelwolfe_n travel_v through_o the_o forest_n of_o werewell_n towards_o his_o new_a wardship_n be_v there_o cruel_o assault_v and_o murder_v by_o some_o unknown_a arm_a person_n there_o place_v in_o ambuscado_n by_o the_o king_n as_o be_v common_o report_v and_o as_o some_o relate_v by_o king_n edgar_n himself_o who_o shoot_v he_o through_o with_o a_o arrow_n as_o they_o be_v there_o hunt_v together_o the_o slay_a earl_n bastard-son_n be_v â—here_o present_a behold_v his_o dead_a corpse_n the_o king_n demand_v of_o he_o how_o such_o a_o hunt_v please_v he_o who_o answer_v very_o well_o my_o lord_n and_o king_n for_o that_o which_o pleaseâ—h_v you_o ought_v not_o to_o displease_v i_o which_o answer_n â—o_o pacify_v this_o king_n swell_a mind_n that_o he_o love_v no_o person_n more_o entire_o all_o his_o life_n than_o this_o young_a man_n tyrannici_fw-la facti_fw-la offensam_fw-la in_o patrem_fw-la sedulitate_fw-la regiâ_fw-la in_o filium_fw-la allevans_fw-la write_v
express_v convenerunt_fw-la apud_fw-la oxoniam_fw-la ad_fw-la colloquium_fw-la as_o mat._n westm._n or_o placitum_fw-la magnum_fw-la as_o huntindon_n and_o other_o style_v it_o proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la 6._o ut_fw-la de_fw-la novo_fw-la rege_fw-la creando_fw-la tractarent_fw-la ibidem_fw-la all_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o realm_n assemble_v in_o a_o great_a parliamentary_a council_n or_o court_n at_o oxford_n that_o they_o may_v consult_v about_o the_o electiction_n of_o a_o new_a king_n which_o they_o will_v not_o have_v do_v have_v harold_n be_v make_v king_n of_o england_n before_o by_o cnute_n in_o his_o life_n time_n â—_o leofric_n earl_n of_o chester_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o noble_n on_o the_o northside_n of_o the_o thames_n with_o all_o the_o danish_a prince_n and_o londoner_n who_o by_o converse_v with_o the_o dane_n among_o they_o be_v corrupt_v wiâ—h_v their_o vice_n and_o addict_v to_o their_o party_n elect_a harold_n son_n of_o cnute_n by_o his_o concubine_n algiva_n who_o â—ome_v aver_v to_o be_v the_o son_n of_o a_o tailor_n for_o their_o king_n but_o godwin_n earl_n of_o kent_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o western_a part_n of_o england_n contradict_v they_o will_v rather_o have_v elect_v hardecnute_a son_n of_o cnute_n by_o queen_n emma_n or_o one_o of_o the_o son_n of_o king_n eâ—helred_n and_o emma_n then_o in_o normandy_n after_o great_a strife_n and_o debate_n between_o the_o noble_n about_o the_o election_n because_o harold_n be_v there_o personal_o present_a but_o hardecnute_a then_o in_o denmark_n and_o alfred_n and_o edward_n in_o normandy_n harold_n party_n prevail_v against_o earl_n godwin_n qui_fw-la tandem_fw-la vi_fw-la &_o numero_fw-la minor_fw-la cessit_fw-la violentiae_fw-la whereupon_o harold_n be_v present_o crown_v king_n at_o oxford_n by_o elnothus_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n though_o at_o first_o he_o be_v very_o unwilling_a to_o perform_v that_o service_n for_o it_o be_v life_n report_v of_o he_o that_o he_o have_v the_o regal_a sceptre_n and_o crown_n in_o his_o custody_n refuse_v with_o a_o oath_n to_o consecrate_v any_o other_o for_o king_n so_o long_o as_o queen_n emma_n her_o child_n be_v live_v for_o say_v she_o cnute_n commit_v they_o to_o my_o trust_n and_o assurance_n and_o to_o they_o will_v i_o give_v my_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n this_o sceptre_n and_o crown_n therefore_o i_o here_o lay_v down_o upon_o the_o altar_n neither_o do_v i_o deny_v nor_o deliver_v they_o to_o you_o but_o i_o require_v by_o the_o apostolic_a authority_n all_o bishop_n that_o none_o of_o they_o presume_v to_o take_v the_o same_o away_o neither_o that_o they_o consecrate_v he_o king_n therewith_o as_o for_o yourself_o if_o you_o dare_v you_o may_v usurp_v that_o which_o i_o have_v commit_v to_o god_n on_o this_o table_n notwithstanding_o this_o great_a thunderclap_n be_v allay_v with_o the_o shower_n of_o golden_a promise_n of_o his_o just_a good_a and_o religious_a government_n intend_v though_o present_a experience_n manifest_v the_o contrary_a he_o be_v crown_v by_o he_o anno_fw-la anno._n 1035._o henry_n huntindon_n and_o other_o write_v that_o they_o elect_v he_o king_n only_o to_o keep_v the_o kingdom_n for_o his_o brother_n hardecnute_a then_o in_o denmark_n harold_n and_o the_o noble_n of_o west-sex_n who_o oppose_v his_o election_n upon_o advice_n take_v resolve_v that_o qneen_n emma_n wife_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n shall_v keep_v west-sex_n and_o winchester_n for_o the_o use_n of_o her_o son_n hard_a cnute_n and_o that_o earl_n godwin_n shall_v be_v their_o captain_n in_o military_a affair_n roger_n hoveden_n and_o other_o record_v that_o harold_n be_v elect_v king_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o noble_n of_o england_n obtain_v the_o royal_a dignity_n and_o begin_v to_o reign_v quia_fw-la iustùs_fw-la haeres_fw-la because_o he_o be_v a_o lawful_a heir_n yet_o he_o reign_v not_o so_o powerful_o as_o cnute_n quia_fw-la justior_fw-la haeres_fw-la expectabatur_fw-la hard_a cnutus_n because_o a_o just_a heir_n hard_a cnute_n be_v expect_v by_o reason_n of_o this_o disagreement_n among_o the_o noble_n to_o please_v both_o party_n the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v thereupon_o divide_v by_o lot_n harold_n enjoy_v the_o northern_a part_n thereof_o and_o harde-cnutes_a friend_n retain_v the_o southern_a part_n of_o it_o for_o his_o use_n no_o soon_o be_v harold_n crown_v king_n but_o to_o secure_v himself_o the_o better_a in_o his_o throne_n he_o present_o post_v to_o winchester_n with_o his_o force_n where_o tyrannical_o and_o forcible_o take_v away_o all_o the_o treasure_n and_o good_n which_o cnute_n have_v leave_v to_o queen_n emma_n his_o mother-in-law_n 2._o he_o banish_v she_o out_o of_o england_n into_o flanders_n some_o write_v she_o be_v thus_o banish_v by_o the_o secret_a counsel_n and_o treachery_n of_o earl_n godwin_n who_o she_o have_v make_v general_n of_o her_o force_n for_o her_o preservation_n who_o prove_v unconstant_a and_o a_o traitor_n to_o she_o and_o her_o child_n where_o in_o this_o her_o distress_n she_o be_v honourable_o entertain_v by_o earl_n baldwin_n in_o the_o year_n 1036._o alfred_n elder_a son_n of_o king_n ethelred_n come_v over_o to_o claim_v his_o right_n in_o the_o crown_n be_v with_o his_o norman_a associate_n betray_v and_o murder_v by_o the_o treachery_n of_o earl_n godwin_n of_o which_o i_o find_v these_o several_a different_a relation_n in_o our_o historian_n 410._o matthew_n westminster_n ranulphus_fw-la cistrensis_fw-la and_o other_o out_o of_o they_o record_n that_o alfred_n be_v in_o normandy_n and_o hear_v of_o the_o death_n of_o cnute_n come_v into_o england_n with_o 23._o choose_a ship_n full_a of_o soldier_n ut_fw-la paternum_fw-la regnum_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la sibi_fw-la debitum_fw-la vel_fw-la pacificè_fw-la vel_fw-la si_fw-la necessitas_fw-la cogeret_fw-la armatorum_fw-la praesidio_fw-la obtineret_fw-la that_o he_o may_v obtain_v his_o father_n kingdom_n of_o right_a due_a unto_o he_o either_o peaceable_o or_o if_o necessity_n compel_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n who_o arrive_v with_o his_o force_n at_o sandwich_n port_n come_v as_o far_o as_o canterbury_n when_o godwin_n earl_n of_o kent_n know_v of_o his_o come_n he_o go_v to_o meet_v he_o and_o receive_v he_o in_o his_o fidelity_n the_o very_a next_o night_n follow_v complete_v â—he_v part_n of_o the_o traitor_n judas_n upon_o he_o and_o his_o fellow-soldier_n for_o after_o kiss_n of_o peace_n give_v and_o joyful_a banquet_n in_o the_o silence_n of_o the_o midnight_n when_o as_o alfred_n and_o his_o companion_n have_v give_v their_o member_n to_o sleep_v they_o be_v all_o take_v unarm_v in_o their_o bed_n suspect_v no_o harm_n by_o a_o multitude_n of_o arm_a man_n rush_v in_o upon_o they_o and_o their_o hand_n be_v tie_v behind_o their_o back_n they_o be_v compel_v to_o sit_v down_o in_o order_n one_o by_o another_o where_o sit_v in_o this_o manner_n nine_o of_o they_o be_v always_o behead_v but_o the_o ten_o dismiss_v and_o his_o life_n reserve_v for_o a_o â—ime_n these_o thing_n be_v act_v at_o gildeford_n a_o royal_a town_n but_o when_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v traitor_n godwin_n that_o there_o be_v more_o yet_o remain_v alive_a of_o they_o than_o be_v profitable_a he_o command_v they_o to_o be_v tithe_v over_o again_o as_o before_o and_o so_o very_a few_o of_o they_o remain_v alive_a but_o young_a alfred_n every_o way_n worthy_a of_o royal_a honour_n he_o send_v bind_v to_o the_o city_n of_o london_n to_o king_n harold_n that_o thereby_o he_o may_v find_v great_a favour_n with_o he_o with_o those_o few_o of_o his_o follower_n who_o remain_v undecimate_v so_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n see_v young_a alfred_n he_o cause_v he_o â—o_o be_v send_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n and_o there_o to_o have_v his_o eye_n pull_v out_o of_o the_o pain_n whereof_o he_o soon_o after_o die_v but_o he_o slay_v all_o his_o soldier_n too_o pernicious_o florentius_n wigorniensis_n roger_n de_fw-fr hoveden_n simeou_fw-mi dunelmensis_n radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la mr._n fox_n and_o other_o relate_v that_o the_o innocent_a prince_n alfred_n and_o edward_n son_n of_o king_n ethelred_n come_v out_o of_o normandy_n where_o they_o have_v long_o reside_v with_o their_o uncle_n richard_n into_o england_n accompany_v with_o many_o norman_a soldier_n transport_v in_o a_o few_o ship_n to_o confer_v with_o their_o mother_n emma_n â—hen_o reside_v at_o winchester_n which_o some_o potent_a man_n especial_o earl_n godwin_n â—s_a be_v report_v take_v very_o unworthy_o and_o grievous_o because_o licet_fw-la injustum_fw-la â—sset_fw-la although_o it_o be_v unjust_a they_o be_v more_o devote_v to_o harold_n than_o to_o alfred_n whereupou_fw-fr harold_n persuade_v king_n hardecnute_a and_o the_o lord_n not_o to_o suffer_v those_o norman_n to_o be_v within_o the_o realm_n for_o jeopardy_n but_o rather_o to_o punish_v they_o for_o example_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o get_v authority_n to_o order_v the_o matter_n himself_o wherefore_o he_o meet_v
conquestis_fw-la dicitur_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la beatus_fw-la edwardus_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la haerede_fw-la caruit_fw-la 10._o regnum_fw-la legavit_fw-la willielim_n bastardo_fw-la duci_fw-la normannorum_fw-la sed_fw-la hoc_fw-la robore_fw-la asseruitur_fw-la caruisse_fw-la quiâ—_n hoc_fw-la fecit_fw-la in_o lecto_fw-la lethalf_n et_fw-la sine_fw-la baronagii_fw-la svi_fw-la commnni_fw-la consensu_fw-la by_o all_o which_o testimony_n as_o likewise_o by_o the_o express_a relation_n of_o mr._n cambden_n in_o his_o britannia_n p._n 144_o 145._o richard_n verstegan_n his_o restitution_n of_o decay_a antiquity_n matthew_n parker_n his_o antiquitates_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la britanniae_fw-la p._n 88_o mr._n selden'_v review_n of_o his_o history_n of_o tithesâ—_n â—_z p._n 482_o 483._o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o king_n edward_n while_o he_o be_v in_o normandy_n before_o he_o be_v king_n upon_o duke_n williams_n repair_v into_o england_n to_o he_o after_o he_o be_v king_n by_o several_a messenger_n and_o hostage_n send_v to_o he_o in_o his_o old_a age_n and_o in_o his_o very_a deathbed_n appoint_a duke_n william_n to_o be_v both_o his_o successor_n and_o heir_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o that_o harold_n either_o voluntary_o as_o purposely_o send_v by_o king_n edward_n or_o crafty_o upon_o pretence_n he_o be_v send_v by_o he_o to_o work_v his_o own_o enlargement_n and_o his_o nephew_n or_o upon_o william_n motion_n to_o he_o voluntary_o swear_v that_o he_o will_v faithful_o preserve_v the_o crown_n and_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o he_o after_o king_n edward_n death_n who_o have_v appoint_v he_o to_o succeed_v he_o as_o his_o heir_n &_o next_o kinsman_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n and_o that_o he_o intend_v to_o dishinherit_v his_o cousin_n edgar_n atheling_n of_o it_o though_o nexâ—_n heir_n to_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o minority_n unfitness_n and_o indisposition_n both_o of_o body_n and_o mind_n to_o sway_v the_o sceptre_n of_o the_o realm_n king_n edward_n have_v finish_v his_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n 1066._o and_o endow_v it_o with_o ample_a land_n and_o privilege_n by_o three_o several_a charter_n by_o the_o advice_n and_o assent_n of_o all_o his_o bishop_n and_o noble_n as_o speed_n aforesaid_a anno_fw-la 1066_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v solemn_o consecrate_v on_o innocent_n day_n with_o great_a solemnity_n but_o fall_v sick_a in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o festival_n solemnity_n of_o its_o dedication_n he_o betake_v himself_o to_o his_o bed_n where_o continue_v speechless_a for_o two_o day_n space_n together_o on_o the_o three_o day_n give_v a_o great_a groan_n and_o arise_v as_o it_o be_v from_o the_o dead_a he_o relate_v to_o those_o then_o about_o he_o a_o vision_n he_o have_v see_v touch_v the_o state_n of_o england_n namely_o that_o two_o religious_a monk_n he_o have_v former_o know_v in_o normandy_n dead_a many_o year_n before_o be_v send_v unto_o he_o with_o this_o message_n declare_v the_o corruption_n and_o vice_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n gentry_n and_o people_n of_o england_n and_o the_o judgement_n ready_a to_o fall_v upon_o they_o for_o the_o same_o which_o 4â—1_n matthew_n westminster_n thus_o relate_v quoniam_fw-la primores_fw-la angliae_fw-la deuce_n episcopi_fw-la &_o abbates_n non_fw-la sunt_fw-la ministri_fw-la dei_fw-la sed_fw-la diaboli_fw-la tradidit_fw-la deus_fw-la hoc_fw-la regnum_fw-la uno_fw-la anno_fw-la et_fw-la die_fw-la uno_fw-la in_fw-la manu_fw-la inimicâ—_n daemonesque_fw-la terram_fw-la hanc_fw-la totam_fw-la pervagabunt_fw-la 400._o abbot_n ailred_n thus_o record_v it_o impletum_fw-la dicunt_fw-la anglorum_fw-la nequitiam_fw-la &_o iniquitaâ—_n consummata_fw-la iram_fw-la provocat_n accelerate_v vindâ—ctaâ—_n sacerdotes_fw-la praevaricati_fw-la sunt_fw-la pactum_fw-la domini_fw-la polluto_fw-la pectorâ—_fw-la &_o manibus_fw-la iniquitatis_fw-la sancta_fw-la contrectant_a &_o non_fw-la pastor_n sed_fw-la mercenarii_fw-la exponunt_fw-la lupis_fw-la oves_fw-la non_fw-la protegunt_fw-la lac_fw-la &_o lanam_fw-la quaerunt_fw-la non_fw-la oves_fw-la ut_fw-la detrusos_fw-la ad_fw-la inferos_fw-la mors_fw-la &_o pastor_n depascat_fw-la et_fw-la oves_fw-la sed_fw-la et_fw-la principes_fw-la terrae_fw-la infideles_fw-la sociae_fw-la surum_fw-la praedones_fw-la patriae_fw-la quibus_fw-la nec_fw-la deus_fw-la timori_fw-la est_fw-la nec_fw-la lex_fw-la honori_fw-la quibus_fw-la veritas_fw-la oneri_fw-la jus_fw-la contemptui_fw-la crudelitas_fw-la delectationi_fw-la itaque_fw-la nec_fw-la servant_z praelati_fw-la justitiam_fw-la nec_fw-la subditi_fw-la disciplinam_fw-la et_fw-la ecce_fw-la dominus_fw-la gladium_fw-la suum_fw-la vibravit_fw-la aroum_n suum_fw-la tetendit_fw-la et_fw-la paravit_fw-la illum_fw-la ostendeâ—_n deincâ—ps_v populo_fw-la hinc_fw-la iram_fw-la &_o indignationem_fw-la immissiones_fw-la insuper_fw-la per_fw-la angelos_n malos_fw-la quibus_fw-la traditi_fw-la sunt_fw-la anno_fw-la uno_fw-la &_o diâ—_n uno_fw-la igne_fw-la simul_fw-la et_fw-la gladio_fw-la puniendi_fw-la the_o king_n groan_v and_o sigh_v for_o this_o calamity_n that_o be_v ready_a to_o fall_v upon_o his_o people_n demand_v of_o the_o monk_n whether_o if_o they_o repent_v of_o their_o sin_n upon_o his_o admonition_n to_o they_o god_n will_v not_o pardon_v they_o and_o remove_v his_o judgement_n as_o he_o do_v from_o the_o ninivites_fw-la they_o reply_v that_o god_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n receive_v they_o into_o his_o favour_n because_o the_o heart_n of_o this_o people_n be_v harden_v and_o their_o eye_n blind_v and_o their_o ear_n deafen_a that_o they_o will_v not_o hear_v reproof_n nor_o understand_v admonition_n nor_o be_v terrify_v with_o threaten_n nor_o provoke_v with_o his_o late_a benefit_n the_o king_n thereupon_o demand_v whether_o god_n will_v be_v angry_a for_o ever_o whether_o he_o will_v be_v any_o more_o entreat_v and_o when_o they_o may_v hope_v for_o a_o release_n of_o so_o great_a calamity_n to_o which_o they_o reply_v that_o if_o a_o green_a tree_n cut_v in_o the_o midst_n and_o carry_v a_o great_a space_n from_o the_o stock_n can_v without_o any_o help_n reunite_v itself_o to_o the_o root_n and_o grow_v again_o and_o bring_v â—orth_a fruit_n than_o may_v the_o remission_n of_o such_o evil_n be_v hope_v for_o the_o verity_n of_o which_o prophecy_n add_v our_o historian_n the_o englishman_n experimental_o feel_v namely_o that_o england_n shall_v be_v a_o habitation_n of_o stranger_n and_o a_o domination_n of_o foreiner_n because_o a_o little_a space_n after_o scarce_o any_o englishman_n be_v either_o a_o king_n a_o duke_n bishop_n or_o abbot_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o hope_n also_o of_o the_o end_n of_o this_o misery_n king_n edward_n after_o his_o relation_n of_o this_o vision_n to_o the_o noble_n and_o prelate_n then_o about_o he_o yield_v up_o the_o ghost_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n on_o epiphany_n eve_n an._n 1066._o and_o be_v solemn_o inter_v the_o next_o day_n in_o westminster_n abbey_n the_o royal_a line_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n end_v in_o he_o which_o have_v continue_v from_o cerdic_n the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n for_o 571._o year_n without_o interruption_n except_o by_o some_o danish_a usurper_n who_o for_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o english_a reign_v for_o some_o year_n over_o they_o with_o rigour_n and_o be_v soon_o cut_v off_o by_o death_n chapter_n 6._o comprise_v the_o historical_a passage_n relate_v to_o the_o parliamentary_a council_n law_n liberty_n property_n right_n government_n of_o england_n anno_fw-la 1066._o under_o the_o short_a reign_n of_o the_o usurper_n king_n harold_n till_o the_o coronation_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o false_o surname_v the_o conqueror_n though_o never_o claim_v the_o crown_n by_o conquest_n but_o title_n king_n edward_n decease_a without_o any_o issue_n 1066._o of_o his_o body_n to_o succeed_v he_o refuse_v all_o carnal_a copulation_n with_o his_o queen_n either_o out_o of_o a_o vow_a virginity_n as_o most_o historian_n conclude_v or_o out_o of_o a_o detestation_n of_o earl_n godwin_n traitorous_a race_n quod_fw-la rex_fw-la religiosus_fw-la de_fw-la genere_fw-la proditoris_fw-la haeredes_fw-la qui_fw-la sibi_fw-la succederent_fw-la corrupto_fw-la semine_fw-la regio_fw-la nolueâ—rit_fw-la procreari_fw-la as_o 900._o ingulphus_n 13._o matthew_n wâ—stminster_n and_o other_o record_n thereby_o expose_v the_o kingdom_n for_o a_o prey_n to_o the_o ambitious_a pretender_n aspire_v after_o it_o upon_o which_o consideration_n praesentiebant_fw-la plures_fw-la in_o ejus_fw-la morte_fw-la desolationem_fw-la patriae_fw-la plebis_fw-la exterminium_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la nobilitatis_fw-la excidium_fw-la finem_fw-la libertatis_fw-la honoris_fw-la rvinam_fw-la as_o 399._o abbot_n ailred_n inform_v we_o the_o english_a prelate_n and_o noble_n be_v then_o all_o assemble_v at_o westminster_n to_o the_o solemn_a consecration_n of_o the_o abbey_n be_v much_o perplex_v and_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n exceed_o grieve_v at_o his_o death_n for_o although_o he_o be_v 7â—_n vir_fw-la propter_fw-la morum_fw-la simplicitatem_fw-la parum_fw-la imperio_fw-la idoneus_fw-la yet_o he_o be_v deo_fw-la devotus_fw-la ideoque_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la directus_fw-la denique_fw-la eo_fw-la regnante_fw-la nullus_fw-la tumultus_fw-la domesticus_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la cito_fw-la comprimeretur_fw-la nullum_fw-la bellum_fw-la forinsecus_fw-la omne_fw-la domi_fw-la forisque_fw-la quieta_fw-la omne_fw-la tranquilla_fw-la quod_fw-la eo_fw-la magis_fw-la stupendum_fw-la
victoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la participarunt_fw-la de_fw-la caeter_fw-la be_v in_o â—orum_fw-la mores_fw-la transeuntes_fw-la sed_fw-la haec_fw-la mala_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la generaliter_fw-la anglis_fw-la dicta_fw-la intelligi_fw-la nolim_fw-la scio_fw-la clericos_fw-la multos_fw-la tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la simplici_fw-la via_fw-la semitam_fw-la sanctitatis_fw-la trivisse_fw-la scio_fw-la multos_fw-la laicos_fw-la omnis_fw-la generis_fw-la &_o conditionis_fw-la in_o hae_fw-la eadem_fw-la gente_fw-la deo_fw-la placuisse_fw-la facessat_fw-la ab_fw-la hac_fw-la relatione_fw-la inuidia_fw-la non_fw-la cunctos_fw-la pariter_fw-la hâ—c_fw-la involvat_fw-la calumnia_fw-la verum_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o tranquillitate_fw-la malos_fw-la cum_fw-la boâ—is_fw-la fovet_fw-la plaerumque_fw-la dei_fw-la sereniâ—as_fw-la ita_fw-la in_o captivitate_fw-la bonâ—s_fw-la cum_fw-la malis_fw-la noâ—nunquam_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la constringit_fw-la seuâ—ritas_fw-la i_o have_v insist_v more_o large_o upon_o the_o historical_a part_n of_o harold_n usurpation_n perjury_n short_a and_o troublesome_a reign_n tragical_a death_n duke_n wâ—lliams_n claim_n to_o and_o manner_n of_o acquire_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n for_o this_o reason_n especial_o to_o refute_v the_o common_a receive_v error_n of_o some_o ignorant_a historian_n of_o many_o illiterate_a statist_n and_o swordman_n of_o this_o age_n and_o of_o fundry_a temporize_a ignoramuss_n of_o my_o own_o robe_n who_o public_o aver_v in_o their_o pamphlet_n speech_n charge_n and_o discourse_n that_o duke_n william_n claim_v and_o obtain_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n only_o as_o a_o conqueror_n and_o thereupon_o alter_v the_o ancient_a law_n custom_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o give_v new_a law_n unto_o it_o by_o his_o own_o absolute_a power_n as_o a_o conqueror_n thereof_o upon_o which_o false_a ground_n they_o infer_v that_o those_o in_o late_a and_o present_a power_n come_v in_o by_o the_o same_o title_n of_o conquest_n may_v lawful_o give_v new_a law_n to_o &_o impose_v what_o tax_n government_n they_o please_v upon_o the_o english_a as_o well_o as_o scotish_n and_o irish_a as_o a_o mere_a conquer_a nation_n by_o their_o own_o inherent_a authority_n see_v by_o the_o 15._o law_n of_o war_n regular_o all_o right_n and_o law_n of_o the_o place_n and_o nation_n conquer_v be_v whole_o subject_a to_o the_o conqueror_n will_n and_o hereby_o they_o justify_v all_o their_o late_a imposition_n tax_n excise_n sequestration_n seizure_n sales_n of_o all_o the_o public_a revenue_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o many_o thousand_o private_a man_n estate_n by_o their_o westminster_n and_o white-hall_n ordinance_n edict_n with_o the_o change_n of_o our_o government_n new-modellings_a of_o our_o parliament_n and_o all_o other_o irregular_a proceed_n destructive_a to_o our_o fundamental_a right_n law_n liberty_n government_n which_o they_o former_o covenant_v inviolable_o to_o maintain_v without_o grant_n or_o consent_n by_o any_o free_a full_a lawful_a english_a parliament_n now_o to_o demolish_v all_o these_o their_o superstructure_n by_o subvert_v their_o â—alse_a foundation_n of_o d._n william_n pretend_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n only_o by_o conquest_n it_o be_v most_o apparent_a by_o the_o premise_a historical_a authority_n 1._o that_o king_n william_n always_o claim_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n both_o before_o at_o and_o after_o his_o coronation_n as_o of_o right_o belong_v to_o he_o by_o the_o promise_n gift_n contract_n gift_n and_o bequest_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o as_o his_o heir_n and_o next_o kinsman_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n 2._o that_o he_o allege_v this_o gift_n and_o grant_n of_o the_o crown_n to_o he_o to_o be_v make_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n earls_z godwin_n syward_n and_o other_o noble_n of_o the_o realm_n ratify_v by_o special_a messenger_n send_v unto_o and_o hostage_n deliver_v he_o for_o its_o performance_n and_o by_o harâ—lds_v own_o solemn_a agreement_n and_o oath_n send_v to_o he_o by_o king_n edward_n for_o that_o purpose_n as_o himself_o at_o least_o suggest_v to_o he_o which_o designation_n and_o grant_n of_o king_n edward_n to_o william_n be_v no_o fiction_n but_o a_o truth_n confess_v by_o all_o our_o historian_n and_o harold_n himself_o who_o by_o his_o answer_n never_o deny_v but_o only_o endeavour_v to_o evade_v it_o and_o voluntary_o acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o noble_n of_o england_n both_o at_o his_o coronation_n and_o in_o parliament_n itself_o in_o the_o 4._o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 3._o that_o after_o king_n edward_n decease_n divers_a of_o the_o noble_n will_v have_v elect_v william_n king_n in_o pursuance_n hereof_o but_o that_o harold_n perjurious_o usurp_v the_o crown_n by_o mere_a force_n and_o power_n without_o the_o least_o right_a unto_o it_o or_o any_o election_n by_o the_o lord_n or_o people_n set_v the_o crown_n on_o his_o own_o head_n the_o very_a day_n king_n edward_n be_v inter_v and_o thereby_o prevent_v william_n election_n to_o it_o 4._o that_o hereupon_o divers_a of_o the_o noble_n prelate_n and_o other_o english_a send_v private_a messenger_n to_o william_n into_o normandy_n to_o come_v and_o demand_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o due_a unto_o he_o promise_v hostage_n and_o their_o assistance_n to_o recover_v it_o 5._o that_o thereupon_o he_o send_v ambassador_n twice_o or_o thrice_o to_o harold_n one_o after_o another_o before_o his_o land_n insist_v on_o his_o mere_a right_n and_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n to_o gain_v it_o by_o parley_n without_o effusion_n of_o blood_n 6._o that_o upon_o harold_n obstinacy_n he_o appeal_v to_o the_o pope_n and_o to_o all_o his_o noble_n assemble_v in_o a_o parliamentary_a council_n for_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o title_n and_o right_o to_o the_o crown_n who_o declare_v his_o title_n lawful_a and_o just_a and_o thereupon_o encourage_v assist_v he_o all_o they_o can_v to_o regain_v it_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n from_o the_o usurper_n harold_n who_o will_v not_o otherwise_o depart_v from_o it_o 7._o that_o immediate_o after_o his_o land_n he_o make_v claim_v unto_o it_o only_o by_o the_o foresay_a right_n title_n and_o thereupon_o prohibit_v his_o soldier_n to_o plunder_v the_o country_n or_o hurt_v any_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o be_v his_o by_o right_n 8._o that_o very_o few_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n or_o nation_n will_v march_v or_o engage_v with_o harold_n against_o william_n and_o sundry_a withdraw_v themselves_o from_o the_o battle_n as_o conscious_a of_o harold_n usurpation_n perjury_n and_o william_n just_a cause_n against_o he_o however_o other_o cause_n be_v then_o pretend_v and_o among_o the_o rest_n his_o own_o brother-in-law_n the_o great_a peer_n of_o the_o realm_n earl_n morcar_n and_o edwin_n desert_v he_o in_o the_o fight_n 9_o that_o after_o the_o first_o battle_n win_v and_o harold_n slay_v all_o the_o prelate_n and_o clergy_n general_o except_o abbot_n frederick_n appear_v for_o he_o and_o will_v not_o consent_v to_o set_v up_o edgar_n though_o right_a heir_n 10._o that_o after_o good_a deliberation_n all_o the_o noble_n prelate_n londoner_n and_o other_o who_o first_o appear_v for_o edgar_n with_o the_o great_a pâ—rt_n of_o the_o clergy_n people_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n without_o the_o least_o fight_n or_o resistance_n or_o before_o any_o siege_n or_o summons_n from_o he_o together_z with_o prince_z edgar_z himself_z voluntary_o go_v out_o and_o submit_v themselves_o swear_v faith_n and_o allegiance_n to_o he_o as_o their_o sovereign_n at_o berkhamsted_n and_o after_o that_o joyful_o receive_v he_o with_o high_a acclamation_n as_o their_o lawful_a king_n at_o his_o entry_n into_o london_n 11._o that_o all_o the_o prelate_n clergy_n and_o nobility_n soon_o after_o without_o any_o coercion_n upon_o his_o foresay_a right_n and_o title_n free_o elect_v and_o solemn_o crown_v he_o as_o their_o lawful_a king_n in_o a_o due_a and_o accustom_a manner_n and_o then_o do_v homage_n and_o swear_v new_a allegiance_n afresh_o unto_o he_o as_o their_o rightful_a sovereign_n 12._o that_o he_o take_v the_o ordinary_a coronation_n oath_n of_o all_o lawful_a king_n to_o mannitan_n and_o defend_v the_o right_n person_n of_o all_o his_o people_n to_o govern_v they_o just_o etc._n etc._n as_o become_v a_o good_a king_n which_o a_o king_n claim_v by_o mere_a conquest_n will_v never_o do_v all_o these_o particular_n be_v undeniable_a evidence_n that_o duke_n william_n never_o make_v the_o least_o pretence_n claim_n or_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o realm_n of_o england_n only_o as_o a_o absolute_a conqueror_n of_o the_o nation_n but_o mere_o by_o title_n as_o their_o true_a and_o lawful_a king_n by_o designation_n adoption_n and_o cognation_n second_v with_o the_o noble_n prelate_n clergy_n and_o people_n unanimous_a election_n and_o although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o this_o duke_n eject_v harold_n and_o get_v actual_a possession_n of_o the_o throne_n and_o kingdom_n from_o he_o by_o the_o sword_n as_o do_v aurelius_n ambrose_n and_o other_o before_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o 4._o edward_n the_o 4._o henry_n the_o 7._o with_o other_o
election_n of_o the_o noble_n clergy_n and_o people_n that_o although_o the_o several_a title_n he_o pretend_a be_v perhaps_o if_o curious_o examine_v not_o sufficient_a to_o give_v he_o a_o true_a legal_a title_n and_o right_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n à _fw-la parte_fw-la ante_fw-la because_o not_o agree_v unto_o and_o confirm_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o noble_n kingdom_n and_o nation_n in_o a_o parliamentary_a great_a council_n but_o only_o by_o the_o king_n and_o some_o particular_a prelate_n and_o noble_n out_o of_o parliament_n as_o harold_n in_o his_o answer_n allege_v yet_o be_v ratify_v ex_fw-la parte_fw-la post_fw-la both_o by_o the_o subsequent_a consent_n agreement_n submission_n election_n oath_n homage_n and_o fealty_n of_o all_o the_o people_n noble_n clergy_n by_o their_o legal_a free_a crown_v of_o he_o aâ—_n first_o by_z edgar_z atheling_n his_o own_o submission_n fealty_n and_o resignation_n of_o his_o royal_a right_n and_o title_n thereby_o unâ—o_v he_o and_o ratify_v by_o succeed_a parliamentary_a council_n it_o become_v a_o inâ—uhitable_a right_n and_o title_n both_o in_o law_n and_o justice_n to_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n against_o all_o other_o who_o can_v lay_v no_o legall_a title_n thereunto_o he_o continue_v confirm_v all_o the_o ancient_a fundamental_a law_n liberty_n custom_n and_o government_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n without_o any_o alteration_n both_o by_o oath_n and_o edict_n i_o shall_v therefore_o conclude_v this_o point_n with_o the_o word_n of_o 483._o share_v a_o learned_a lawyer_n in_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o his_o reign_n who_o when_o the_o king_n counsel_n in_o a_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la against_o the_o abbot_n of_o peterborough_n will_v have_v make_v a_o charter_n of_o king_n edgar_n void_a because_o they_o allegedâ—_n all_o franchise_n be_v devolve_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o conquest_n reply_v thereto_o the_o conqueror_n come_v not_o at_o all_o to_o â—ut_v any_o who_o have_v lawful_a possession_n out_o of_o their_o right_n but_o to_o dispossess_v those_o who_o by_o their_o wrong_n have_v seize_v upon_o any_o land_n in_o dis-inherison_a of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o crown_n and_o with_o the_o word_n of_o our_o judicious_a historian_n sa._n daniel_n 37._o concern_v this_o king_n william_n neither_o do_v he_o â—ver_o claim_v any_o power_n by_o conquest_n but_o as_o a_o regular_a prince_n submit_v himself_o to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o kingdom_n desire_v to_o have_v his_o testamentary_a title_n howsoever_o weak_a to_o make_v good_a his_o succession_n rather_o than_o his_o sword_n and_o though_o the_o stile_n of_o conqueror_n by_o the_o flattery_n of_o the_o time_n be_v after_o give_v he_o he_o show_v by_o all_o the_o course_n of_o his_o government_n he_o assume_v it_o not_o introduce_v none_o of_o those_o alteration_n which_o follow_v by_o violence_n but_o by_o a_o mild_a gather_n upon_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o state_n and_o the_o occasion_n offer_v and_o that_o by_o way_n of_o reformation_n and_o although_o 153._o sir_n hen._n wotton_n give_v this_o verdict_n of_o they_o we_o do_v common_o and_o just_o style_v he_o the_o conqueror_n for_o he_o make_v a_o general_a conquest_n of_o tâ—e_v â—â—ole_a kingdom_n and_o people_n either_o by_o composition_n or_o arm_n etc._n etc._n yet_o he_o add_v he_o be_v crown_v on_o christmas_n day_n 1066._o at_o which_o time_n he_o will_v fain_o have_v compound_v a_o civil_a title_n of_o i_o know_v not_o what_o alliance_n or_o adoption_n or_o rather_o donation_n from_o edward_n the_o confessor_n as_o if_o hereditary_a kingdom_n do_v pass_v like_o new-year_n gift_n the_o truth_n be_v he_o be_v the_o heir_n of_o his_o sword_n yet_o from_o these_o pretence_n howsoever_o there_o spring_v this_o good_a that_o he_o be_v thereby_o in_o a_o sort_v age_v to_o cast_v his_o government_n into_o a_o middle_n or_o mix_a nature_n as_o it_o be_v between_o a_o lawful_a successor_n and_o a_o invader_n though_o general_o as_o all_o new_a empire_n do_v savour_n much_o of_o their_o beginning_n it_o have_v more_o of_o the_o violent_a than_o of_o the_o legal_a if_o any_o domineer_a soldier_n or_o other_o upon_o this_o false_a surmise_n of_o duke_n william_n right_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o realm_n of_o england_n by_o mere_a conquest_n have_v shall_v henceforth_o presume_v to_o claim_v and_o exercise_v a_o mere_a arbitrary_a absolute_a tyrannical_a and_o despotical_a power_n over_o our_o english_a nation_n law_n liberty_n parliament_n estate_n person_n as_o over_o a_o mere_a conquer_a nation_n against_o all_o commission_n trust_n oath_n engagement_n declaration_n and_o the_o rule_n both_o of_o law_n and_o war_n itself_o be_v raiâ—ed_v wage_v commission_v only_o to_o defend_v and_o preserve_v we_o from_o conquest_n by_o the_o opposite_a party_n let_v they_o know_v that_o they_o be_v far_o great_a worse_a enemy_n to_o their_o own_o native_a country_n than_o this_o norman_a duke_n or_o any_o of_o our_o former_a british_a saxon_a danish_a norman_a or_o english_a king_n who_o never_o claim_v the_o crown_n by_o mere_a conquest_n in_o any_o age_n but_o only_o by_o some_o real_a or_o pretend_a title_n of_o inheritance_n or_o at_o least_o by_o a_o free_a and_o general_a election_n both_o of_o the_o nobility_n clergy_n and_o people_n as_o this_o king_n william_n do_v from_o the_o former_a historical_a passage_n concern_v harold_n tosti_n duke_n william_n and_o the_o kentishman_n i_o shall_v deduce_v these_o legal_a observation_n 1._o that_o no_o tax_n subsidy_n or_o imposition_n whatsoever_o 1._o can_v in_o that_o age_n be_v impose_v on_o the_o english_a or_o norman_a subject_n by_o their_o king_n or_o duke_n but_o by_o their_o common_a consent_n in_o their_o parliamentary_a council_n where_o they_o be_v deny_v when_o inconvenient_a to_o the_o public_a as_o well_o as_o grant_v when_o convenient_a 2._o that_o no_o english_a or_o norman_a subject_n be_v then_o 3_o oblige_v to_o aid_n and_o assist_v their_o sovereign_n with_o their_o person_n arm_n estate_n or_o subsidy_n grant_v in_o any_o foreign_a invasive_a war_n but_o only_o leave_v free_a to_o contribute_v what_o private_a assistance_n they_o think_v fit_a in_o such_o case_n 3._o that_o no_o public_a war_n in_o that_o age_n be_v ever_o undertake_v 9_o but_o by_o common_a advice_n and_o consent_n in_o great_a parliamentary_a council_n 4._o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o that_o age_n 4â—_n however_o they_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o right_a or_o wrong_n hold_v it_o both_o their_o bind_a duty_n interest_n safety_n to_o defend_v and_o preserve_v the_o law_n right_n liberty_n of_o the_o church_n and_o people_n to_o enact_v and_o maintain_v good_a law_n and_o abolish_v all_o evil_a law_n rapine_n exaction_n tribute_n and_o to_o govern_v they_o just_o according_a to_o their_o coronation_n oath_n and_o not_o arbitrary_o or_o tyrannical_o according_a to_o their_o pleasure_n 5._o that_o no_o freeman_n in_o that_o age_n 4._o can_v be_v just_o imprison_v banish_a or_o put_v to_o death_n but_o for_o some_o heinous_a misdemeanour_n and_o that_o by_o a_o legal_a trial_n and_o conviction_n 6._o that_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n then_o hold_v it_o their_o bind_a duty_n 8._o in_o time_n of_o foreign_a invasion_n to_o defend_v the_o realm_n their_o life_n liberty_n property_n both_o by_o land_n and_o sea_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n yet_o they_o hold_v themselves_o dis-obliged_n and_o be_v general_o averse_a to_o defend_v the_o person_n or_o title_n of_o any_o usurper_n of_o the_o crown_n against_o any_o foreign_a prince_n or_o other_o person_n who_o have_v a_o better_a right_n and_o title_n to_o it_o 7._o that_o our_o english_a ancestor_n in_o that_o age_n esteem_v their_o hereditary_a liberty_n good_a ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n more_o dear_a and_o precious_a to_o they_o than_o their_o very_a life_n and_o will_v rather_o die_v fight_v for_o their_o law_n and_o liberty_n like_o freeman_n than_o live_v under_o slavery_n or_o bondage_n to_o any_o sovereign_n whatsoever_o 8._o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o that_o age_n can_v neither_o give_v away_o 10._o nor_o legal_o dispose_v of_o their_o crown_n kingdom_n or_o crown_n land_n to_o other_o without_o the_o privity_n and_o free_a consent_n of_o their_o noble_n and_o kingdom_n in_o general_a parliamentary_a council_n as_o be_v evident_a by_o harold_n answer_n to_o william_n ambassador_n the_o recite_v passage_n of_o 340._o matthew_n paris_n upon_o that_o occasion_n and_o this_o of_o samuel_n daniel_n p._n 34._o so_o much_o be_v do_v either_o by_o king_n edward_n or_o harold_n though_o neither_o act_n if_o any_o such_o be_v be_v of_o power_n to_o prejudice_v the_o state_n or_o alter_v the_o course_n of_o right_a succession_n as_o give_v the_o duke_n a_o colour_n to_o claim_v the_o crown_n by_o a_o donation_n make_v by_o testament_n which_o be_v against_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n can_v be_v of_o no_o validity_n
the_o dane_n and_o since_o from_o both_o of_o they_o to_o the_o norman_n by_o the_o murder_n of_o prince_n alfred_n and_o rejection_n of_o prince_n edgar_n 32._o that_o when_o treachery_n perjury_n oppression_n murder_n violence_n and_o other_o sin_n forementioned_a have_v general_o overspread_v the_o kingdom_n and_o infect_v all_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n than_o national_a judgement_n foreign_a invasion_n public_a revolution_n of_o governor_n and_o government_n yea_o all_o sort_n of_o calamity_n war_n trouble_n may_v be_v just_o fear_v expect_a inflict_v as_o the_o fruit_n punishment_n of_o these_o epidemical_a cry_a transgression_n 33._o that_o 4.25_o crown_n and_o kingdom_n have_v their_o period_n and_o revolution_n as_o well_o as_o private_a possession_n family_n and_o that_o by_o the_o secret_a justice_n and_o wise_a dispose_n providence_n of_o god_n who_o dispose_v translate_v dissipate_v dissolve_v kingdom_n at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o give_v they_o to_o whosoever_o he_o please_v 34._o from_o the_o whole_a we_o may_v observe_v with_o the_o 883._o chronicle_n of_o bromton_n and_o 148._o mr._n fox_n that_o as_o the_o english-saxons_a have_v most_o unjust_o against_o their_o oath_n and_o trust_n former_o subdue_v and_o expel_v the_o briton_n by_o the_o just_a judgement_n of_o god_n upon_o they_o for_o their_o sin_n out_o of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o throne_n and_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n so_o god_n himself_o by_o divine_a retaliation_n for_o the_o like_a sin_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a after_o many_o year_n bloody_a intestine_a war_n between_o themselves_o wherein_o many_o of_o their_o king_n multitude_n of_o their_o noble_n and_o million_o of_o the_o common_a soldier_n and_o people_n be_v slay_v and_o lose_v their_o life_n first_o plague_v infest_a they_o for_o many_o year_n and_o at_o last_o total_o subdue_v and_o dispossess_v they_o of_o the_o crown_n and_o kingdom_n for_o some_o year_n space_n by_o the_o bloody_a dane_n &_o after_o that_o subject_v they_o to_o the_o norman_n yoke_n who_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o crown_n and_o realm_n of_o england_n instrumental_o by_o the_o sword_n and_o put_v by_o both_o the_o saxon_a invader_n harold_n and_o his_o posterity_n with_o edgar_n the_o saxon_a heir_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o here_o you_o have_v read_v the_o lord_n sanctify_v all_o these_o collection_n and_o observation_n to_o the_o great_a public_a good_a and_o settlement_n of_o our_o unsettle_a distract_a english_a nation_n and_o the_o private_a benefit_n of_o all_o who_o shall_v peruse_v they_o that_o they_o may_v aim_v only_o 4._o at_o that_o kingdom_n which_o can_v be_v shake_v and_o that_o crown_n of_o glory_n which_o fade_v not_o away_o not_o at_o temporal_a crown_n and_o kingdom_n which_o be_v so_o fade_v transitoryâ—_n full_a of_o thorn_n cross_n care_n fear_n vexation_n torture_n peril_n death_n finis_fw-la omission_n and_o errata_n kind_a reader_n i_o present_v thou_o with_o some_o historical_a passage_n casual_o omit_v in_o their_o due_a place_n and_o such_o error_n as_o have_v happen_v at_o the_o pâ—ess_n which_o i_o desire_v thou_o to_o correct_v page_n 10._o line_n 8._o 654._o one_o 230._o thunder_n malicious_o accuse_v aethelbert_n and_o aethelred_n two_o kinsman_n of_o egbert_n king_n of_o kent_n educate_v and_o bring_v up_o in_o his_o court_n that_o they_o intend_v some_o time_n or_o other_o to_o take_v away_o his_o kingdom_n from_o he_o and_o thereupon_o advise_v the_o king_n either_o to_o banish_v they_o both_o into_o some_o far_a country_n or_o to_o deliver_v they_o unto_o he_o to_o destroy_v and_o murder_v 6._o without_o any_o legal_a trial_n or_o conviction_n of_o their_o guilt_n which_o thunder_n often_o instigate_a the_o king_n to_o do_v and_o he_o but_o cold_o prohibit_v or_o dislike_a thereupon_o thunder_n in_o the_o king_n absence_n rash_o presume_v ignominious_o to_o murder_v they_o in_o the_o king_n palace_n and_o then_o bury_v they_o under_o his_o royal_a chair_n in_o a_o village_n call_v estria_n the_o king_n return_v to_o his_o court_n in_o the_o dead_a of_o the_o night_n there_o appear_v a_o bright_a pillar_n send_v from_o heaven_n which_o fill_v his_o whole_a royal_a palace_n with_o a_o unspeakable_a brightness_n which_o the_o king_n servant_n behold_v be_v so_o terrify_v that_o they_o fall_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o become_v almost_o distract_v the_o king_n be_v awake_v with_o the_o tumult_n of_o his_o guard_n and_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o arise_v that_o he_o may_v go_v and_o hear_v matin_n as_o he_o be_v accustom_v and_o go_v out_o of_o his_o house_n he_o see_v the_o city_n shine_v with_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o new_a splendour_n upon_o which_o miss_v his_o kinsman_n he_o send_v for_o thunder_n and_o demand_v of_o he_o where_o they_o be_v who_o answer_v he_o like_o cain_n be_o i_o thy_o kinsman_n keeper_n to_o which_o the_o king_n reply_v thou_o have_v always_o sinister_o accuse_v they_o unto_o i_o and_o therefore_o most_o wicked_a wretch_n thou_o ought_v to_o show_v i_o where_o they_o be_v whereupon_o he_o inform_v he_o of_o their_o murder_n and_o burial_n whereat_o the_o king_n be_v very_o angry_a with_o he_o but_o return_v at_o last_o to_o himself_o he_o refund_v the_o crime_n &_o whole_a wickedness_n on_o himself_o and_o be_v confound_v beyond_o measure_n spend_v the_o residue_n of_o the_o night_n in_o tear_n when_o the_o day_n appear_v he_o send_v for_o the_o archbishop_n adeodatus_a et_fw-la magnates_fw-la quos_fw-la habere_fw-la potuit_fw-la convocari_fw-la praecepit_fw-la and_o cause_v the_o noble_n to_o be_v call_v together_o relate_v the_o whole_a business_n to_o they_o the_o archbishop_n give_v counsel_n that_o the_o body_n of_o these_o innocent_n shall_v be_v remove_v to_o the_o cathedral_n church_n and_o there_o inter_v in_o a_o royal_a manner_n thereupon_o put_v their_o body_n with_o saint_n relic_n into_o coffin_n and_o cart_n they_o intend_v to_o carry_v they_o to_o christ_n church_n in_o canterbury_n but_o in_o vain_a because_o they_o can_v not_o stir_v their_o corpse_n nor_o remove_v they_o out_o of_o the_o place_n although_o they_o attempt_v it_o with_o much_o endeavour_n and_o force_n upon_o this_o change_v their_o counsel_n they_o intend_v to_o remove_v they_o to_o st._n augustine_n church_n neither_o yet_o can_v they_o effect_v it_o at_o last_o they_o resolve_v they_o shall_v be_v remove_v to_o the_o most_o famous_a monastery_n of_o waerman_n â—pon_o which_o the_o cart_n present_o remove_v with_o easâ—_n as_o if_o they_o have_v no_o burden_n and_o they_o be_v bury_v by_o the_o high_a altar_n in_o this_o monastery_n 671._o kinewalchus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n decease_a anno_fw-la 672._o 672._o regni_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la uxori_fw-la sexburgae_fw-la delegandum_fw-la putavit_fw-la nec_fw-la deerat_fw-la mulieri_fw-la spiritus_fw-la ad_fw-la obeunda_fw-la regius_fw-la munia_fw-la ipsa_fw-la novos_fw-la exercitus_fw-la moâ—iri_fw-la veteres_fw-la tenere_fw-la in_o officio_fw-la ipsa_fw-la subjectos_fw-la clementer_n moderari_fw-la hostibus_fw-la minaciter_fw-la infremere_fw-la prorsus_fw-la omne_fw-la facere_fw-la ut_fw-la nihil_fw-la praeter_fw-la sâ—xum_fw-la diâ—cerneres_fw-la veruntamen_fw-la plus_fw-la quam_fw-la animos_fw-la foemineos_fw-la anhelantem_fw-la vita_fw-la destituit_fw-la 10._o viâ—_n annua_fw-la potestate_fw-la perfunctam_fw-la when_o she_o have_v reign_v thus_o one_o year_n indignantibus_fw-la regni_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la assemble_a most_o likely_a in_o a_o parliamentary_a council_n â—xpulsa_fw-la est_fw-la a_o regno_fw-la nolentes_fw-la sub_fw-la sexu_fw-la foemineo_fw-la militare_fw-la the_o noble_n thereupon_o make_v eschwin_n king_n in_o her_o place_n be_v regali_fw-la prosapia_fw-la proximus_fw-la next_o of_o the_o royal_a blood_n quo_fw-la dâ—cedente_fw-la vel_fw-la morte_fw-la sua_fw-la vel_fw-la vi_fw-la aliena_fw-la vacantem_fw-la aulam_fw-la successione_n legitima_fw-la implevit_fw-la kentianus_fw-la he_o be_v the_o next_o right_a heir_n page_n 24._o l._n 24._o about_o the_o year_n 783_o 793._o 6._o kenulph_n king_n of_o mercia_n cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la ducâ—bus_fw-la et_fw-la omni_fw-la sub_fw-la nostra_fw-la ditione_n dignitatis_fw-la gradu_fw-la with_o the_o bishop_n duke_n and_o noble_n of_o every_o degree_n of_o honour_n under_o his_o dominion_n assemble_v in_o a_o parliamentary_a council_n write_v a_o letter_n to_o pope_n leo_n the_o 3d._n â—o_o reunite_v those_o bishopric_n to_o the_o metropolitical_a see_v of_o canterbury_n which_o king_n offa_n out_o of_o his_o hatred_n to_o archbishop_n live_v have_v sever_v from_o it_o and_o unite_v to_o a_o new-erected_n archbishopric_n at_o licheâ—ield_n allege_v in_o the_o letter_n uisum_fw-la est_fw-la cunctis_fw-la gentis_fw-la nostrae_fw-la sapientibus_fw-la quatenus_fw-la in_o illa_fw-la civitate_fw-la metropolitanus_n honour_n habâ—retur_fw-la ubi_fw-la corpus_fw-la beatae_fw-la recordationis_fw-la augustini_fw-la qui_fw-la verbum_fw-la dei_fw-la imperante_fw-la beato_fw-la gregorio_n anglorum_fw-la genti_fw-la remonstrabat_fw-la et_fw-la gloriosissime_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la praefuit_fw-la saxoniae_fw-la pansat_fw-la qui_fw-la his_fw-la partibus_fw-la fidei_fw-la veritatem_fw-la inseruit_fw-la this_o letter_n with_o pope_n