legend_n be_v salvum_fw-la fac_fw-la populum_fw-la tuum_fw-la done_n the_o like_a to_o which_o i_o have_v see_v in_o mr._n sutherland_n collection_n have_v on_o the_o other_o side_n four_o four_o and_o a_o small_a crown_n after_o the_o word_n scotorum_fw-la another_o instead_o of_o the_o four_o four_o have_v q._n t._n and_o a_o three_o qra_n all_o signify_v the_o word_n quartus_fw-la half_n of_o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v likewise_o there_o the_o only_a medal_n as_o far_o as_o i_o yet_o have_v learn_v which_o be_v strike_v by_o this_o king_n be_v that_o which_o be_v fair_o describe_v and_o account_v for_o by_o the_o learned_a 88_o learned_a numism_n p._n 88_o mr._n evelyn_n who_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v coin_v in_o the_o last_o and_o fatal_a year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o other_o begin_v its_o first_o inscription_n with_o jacobus_n 4._o but_o the_o figure_n be_v undoubted_o misprint_v for_o that_o of_o of_o 5_o the_o piece_n be_v the_o very_a same_o which_o we_o shall_v present_o present_v the_o reader_n with_o as_o the_o proper_a groat_n of_o the_o next_o reign_n v._n james_n v._n king_n james_n the_o five_o as_o far_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o his_o time_n make_v no_o manner_n of_o alteration_n in_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o coin_n and_o yet_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o his_o reign_n or_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o daughter_n a_o mighty_a change_n do_v happen_v both_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o scottish_a piece_n of_o money_n and_o in_o the_o computation_n of_o their_o sum_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v anon_o the_o elder_a of_o his_o coin_n groat_n and_o half-groat_n give_v he_o side-faced_n with_o jacobus_n dei_fw-la gra._n rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la r._n cross_n floree_fw-la two_o thistle-head_n and_o two_o spur-rowel_n for_o they_o be_v hexagonal_a and_o pierce_v in_o the_o centre_n with_o villa_n edinburgh_n his_o late_a groat_n give_v he_o in_o bust_v side-faced_n with_o short_a lank_a hair_n crown_v jacobus_n 5._o dei_fw-la gra._n rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la r._n the_o scotch_a shield_n on_o a_o cross_n circumscribe_v oppidum_n edinburgi_n other_o which_o seem_v the_o elder_a have_v villa_n etc._n etc._n w._n 1_o dr._n 18_o gr._n marry_o q._n marry_o after_o his_o death_n we_o hear_v no_o more_o of_o any_o groat_n half-groat_n penny_n or_o half-penny_n coin_v in_o scotland_n nor_o any_o of_o their_o name_n so_o much_o as_o once_o mention_v in_o any_o of_o the_o subsequent_a act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v ebor._n be_v ita._n rr._n d._n d._n archiep._n ebor._n suppose_v that_o by_o this_o time_n the_o price_n of_o silver_n be_v so_o rise_v or_o rather_o the_o scot_n like_o the_o french_a have_v so_o raise_v the_o account_n of_o their_o sum_n that_o the_o old_a small_a silver_n coin_n which_o take_v their_o denomination_n from_o penny_n grow_v into_o disuse_n and_o the_o piece_n that_o be_v from_o henceforward_o coin_v take_v they_o from_o shilling_n and_o mark_n thus_o in_o france_n the_o denier_n perish_v and_o be_v forget_v and_o the_o sol_n and_o livre_n succeed_v in_o their_o room_n we_o do_v not_o indeed_o meet_v with_o the_o name_n of_o testoon_n in_o the_o public_a statute_n of_o the_o realm_n before_o the_o beginning_n of_o james_n the_o sixth_n reign_n but_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o the_o name_n be_v common_a enough_o in_o his_o mother_n time_n that_o the_o piece_n so_o call_v be_v coin_v in_o imitation_n of_o our_o english_a shilling_n and_o that_o their_o current_a value_n be_v five_o shilling_n scotch_a many_o of_o these_o and_o other_o coin_n of_o this_o reign_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o cabinet_n of_o the_o curious_a and_o i_o shall_v give_v the_o reader_n a_o account_n of_o such_o of_o they_o as_o have_v come_v to_o my_o knowledge_n in_o the_o same_o order_n wherein_o they_o be_v mint_v 1._o the_o elder_a of_o these_o bear_v the_o sutherland_n the_o p._n d._n sutherland_n queen_n side-faced_n and_o crown_v with_o maria_n dei_fw-la gra._n r._n scotorum_fw-la r._n the_o shield_n of_o scotland_n crown_v betwixt_o two_o mullet_n and_o dam_fw-la pacem_fw-la domine_fw-la 1553._o the_o second_o bear_v the_o letter_n m._n crown_v and_o support_v with_o two_o crown_v thistle_n inscribe_v maria_n dei_fw-la g._n scotorum_fw-la regina_fw-la 1555._o r._n the_o scotch_a shield_n on_o a_o cross_n circumscribe_v deliciae_fw-la domini_fw-la cor_fw-la bumile_fw-la w._n 5_o dr._n 3_o gr._n half_a of_o the_o same_o 2._o another_o of_o the_o same_o year_n carry_v her_o head_n with_o maria_n dei_fw-la g._n scotor_n regina_fw-la r._n a_o crown_a shield_n and_o justus_n fide_fw-la vivit_fw-la 1555._o w._n 3_o dr._n 13_o gr._n 3._o the_o scotch_a shield_n support_v by_o the_o letter_n m_o and_o r_o maria_n dei_fw-la g._n scotor_n regina_fw-la 1556._o r._n a_o large_a cross_n with_o four_o less_o in_o its_o quarter_n virtute_fw-la tua_fw-la libera_fw-la i_o w._n 4_o dr._n 4_o gr._n 4._o the_o half_n of_o this_o of_o the_o same_o year_n etc._n etc._n 5._o differ_v nothing_o from_o the_o three_o except_v in_o its_o weight_n and_o date_n for_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v coin_v in_o 1558_o and_o weigh_v only_o 3_o dr._n 20_o gr._n 6._o f_o and_o m_o in_o a_o cypher_n crown_v support_v with_o double_a crosslet_n fecit_fw-la utraque_fw-la unum_fw-la 1558._o r._n the_o arm_n of_o the_o dauphine_n and_o scotland_n with_o franciscus_n &_o mar._n d._n g._n r._n r._n scotor_n d._n d._n vien_fw-it w._n 4_o dr._n 2_o gr._n immediate_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o queen_n mary_n of_o england_n this_o year_n king_n henry_n the_o second_o of_o france_n 503._o france_n lesl_n hist_o sot_n lib._n 10._o p._n 503._o cause_v his_o daughter-in-law_n to_o be_v declare_v queen_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n and_o order_v the_o arm_n of_o england_n to_o be_v put_v on_o all_o her_o plate_n tapestry_n etc._n etc._n it_o shall_v seem_v that_o this_o be_v her_o common_a style_n ever_o after_o till_o the_o treaty_n of_o leith_n cut_v she_o short_a for_o thus_o run_v the_o first_o 528._o first_o lesl_n hist_o scot._n p._n 528._o article_n there_o ut_fw-mi nec_fw-la francia_fw-la rex_fw-la nec_fw-la ipsius_fw-la conjunx_fw-la scotiae_fw-la regina_fw-la angliae_fw-la hiberniaeve_fw-la titulos_fw-la sibi_fw-la deinceps_fw-la usurparent_fw-la insignia_fw-la anglicana_n ex_fw-la tota_fw-la sva_fw-la suppellectile_fw-la delerent_fw-la diplomata_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la titulus_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o hiberniae_fw-la ipsis_fw-la tribuebatur_fw-la supprimi_fw-la curarent_fw-la it_o be_v much_o that_o in_o all_o this_o time_n none_o of_o their_o money_n bear_v the_o arm_n and_o title_n of_o england_n and_o yet_o i_o never_o see_v nor_o read_v of_o any_o that_o do_v it_o be_v true_a mr._n evelyn_n 93._o evelyn_n numism_n 93._o mention_n she_o assume_v the_o arm_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n in_o a_o medal_n but_o that_o which_o he_o have_v give_v we_o and_o which_o he_o seem_v to_o think_v concern_v the_o story_n of_o our_o renown_a queen_n elizabeth_n have_v not_o a_o stroke_n in_o it_o which_o look_v this_o way_n the_o queen_n indeed_o plead_v for_o 177._o for_o archb._n spotsey_n hist_o of_o ch._n of_o scotl._n lib._n 4._o p._n 177._o herself_o afterward_o that_o she_o be_v constrain_v to_o this_o usurpation_n by_o her_o husband_n and_o father-in-law_n and_o that_o after_o their_o death_n she_o never_o practise_v any_o such_o matter_n and_o so_o i_o suppose_v her_o suffering_n a_o medal_n to_o be_v strike_v in_o the_o year_n 1560_o be_v to_o be_v account_v for_o on_o this_o we_o have_v the_o arm_n of_o france_n scotland_n and_o england_n quarterly_a circumscribe_v maria_n d._n g._n francorum_fw-la scotorum_fw-la reg._n etc._n etc._n on_o the_o reverse_n two_o crown_n on_o a_o level_n with_o a_o three_o in_o the_o cloud_n inscribe_v altamque_fw-la moratur_fw-la 1566._o 7._o another_o of_o the_o same_o weight_n stamp_n etc._n etc._n with_o the_o last_o but_o coin_v in_o 1559._o one_o of_o the_o article_n wherewith_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o congregation_n this_o very_a year_n charge_v the_o queen-regent_n be_v 412._o be_v b._n burnet_n hist_o of_o reform_v vol._n 2._o p._n 412._o that_o she_o have_v embase_v the_o coin_n to_o maintain_v she_o french_a soldier_n the_o last_o mention_v be_v not_o refer_v to_o in_o this_o charge_n but_o some_o sutherland_n some_o p._n â—_o sutherland_n base_a piece_n and_o small_a which_o carry_v the_o cypher_n crown_v etc._n etc._n but_o the_o reverse_n have_v this_o inscription_n on_o a_o square_a jam_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la duo_fw-la sed_fw-la una_fw-la caro_fw-la 1558_o and_o 1559._o 8._o arm_n of_o france_n and_o scotland_n crown_v on_o a_o cross_n crosslet_n fra._n &_o ma._n d._n g._n r._n r._n franc._n scotor_n q._n r._n f_o and_o m_o in_o a_o cypher_n crown_v support_v by_o a_o flower-de-lys_n and_o thistle_n crown_v vicit_fw-la leo_fw-la de_fw-la tribu_fw-la juda_n 1560._o w._n 4_o dr._n 2_o
shilling_n be_v the_o price_n of_o six_o cow_n and_o 121._o and_o ll._n burg._n cap._n 121._o four_o penny_n the_o worth_a of_o a_o pair_n of_o shoe_n in_o william_n the_o first_o be_v reign_v i._n william_n i._n money_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v pretty_a plentiful_a since_o the_o nobility_n of_o scotland_n agree_v to_o pay_v a_o b._n a_o h._n both_o lib._n 13._o fol._n 272._o b._n hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_n whereof_o half_a be_v to_o be_v in_o ready_a cash_n to_o our_o henry_n the_o second_o for_o the_o redemption_n of_o that_o prince_n nor_o have_v this_o so_o far_o exhaust_v the_o public_a treasure_n but_o that_o he_o be_v able_a not_o long_o after_o to_o lend_v two_o a._n two_o ibid._n fol._n 277._o a._n thousand_o mark_n to_o richard_n the_o three_o on_o his_o return_n in_o poverty_n and_o thraldom_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n notwithstanding_o his_o great_a glut_v of_o money_n which_o he_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v master_n of_o there_o be_v not_o many_o of_o his_o penny_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o at_o this_o day_n in_o some_o of_o the_o best_a ihoresbi_n best_a penes_fw-la rr._n d._n d._n archiep._n ebor._n &_o d._n r._n ihoresbi_n collection_n of_o our_o english_a coin_n there_o be_v one_o which_o have_v be_v suppose_v to_o belong_v to_o either_o the_o conqueror_n or_o his_o son_n rufus_n that_o bear_v a_o side-face_n and_o a_o sceptre_n and_o whereon_o the_o king_n look_v fine_a and_o young_a than_o on_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n this_o with_o humble_a submission_n i_o shall_v rather_o place_v among_o the_o coin_n of_o scotland_n and_o guess_v to_o belong_v to_o king_n william_n the_o first_o of_o that_o kingdom_n two_o more_o i_o have_v sutherland_n have_v p._n d._n ja._n sutherland_n see_v which_o may_v possible_o belong_v to_o this_o king_n the_o one_o have_v le_fw-fr rey_n willem_n the_o other_o willelmus_fw-la rex_fw-la and_o both_o have_v walter_n for_o the_o coiner_n name_n on_o the_o reverse_n after_o which_o on_o one_o come_v on_o ber._n which_o whether_o it_o be_v for_o berwick_n or_o perth_n sometime_o call_v bertha_n will_v need_v a_o enquiry_n that_o there_o be_v money_n coin_v in_o his_o reign_n be_v pretty_a plain_o assert_v by_o the_o chronicle_n of_o mailros_n 1195._o mailros_n chron._n melross_n ad_fw-la an._n 1195._o willielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la innovavit_fw-la monetam_fw-la svam_fw-la in_o alexander_n the_o 26._o the_o stat._n gild._a cap_n 18.24_o 26._o three_o time_n iii_n alex._n iii_n a_o good_a horse_n for_o the_o war_n be_v value_v at_o twenty_o shilling_n a_o whole_a carcase_n of_o mutton_n the_o high_a rate_n sixteen_o penny_n and_o the_o low_a eight_o penny_n a_o flagon_n of_o beer_n better_a and_o worse_o twopence_n and_o a_o penny_n a_o couple_n of_o these_o penny_n of_o the_o very_a same_o impression_n size_n and_o weight_n i_o have_v in_o my_o small_a collection_n bear_v the_o king_n head_n half-faced_a with_o a_o sceptre_n and_o alexander_n dei_fw-la gra._n on_o the_o reverse_n rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la about_o four_o hexagonal_a mullet_n or_o star_n w._n 21_o gr._n half_a of_o the_o same_o john_n k._n john_n king_n john_n be_v likewise_o half-faced_n with_o a_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n and_o johannis_n dei_fw-la gra._n r._n rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o before_o and_o the_o weight_n the_o same_o his_o halfpenny_n weigh_v 9_o gr._n half_a of_o the_o same_o i._n rob._n i._n money_n of_o some_o sort_n or_o other_o can_v not_o be_v very_o scarce_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o robert_n the_o bruce_n who_o b._n who_o h._n both_o lib._n 14._o fol._n 308._o b._n agree_v to_o pay_v our_o edward_n the_o three_o 30000_o mark_n in_o ready_a money_n and_o 237._o and_o hist_o scot._n lib._n 7._o p._n 237._o lesly_n assure_v we_o the_o mark_n be_v sterling_a his_o penny_n sutherland_n penny_n p._n d._n j._n sutherland_n halfpenny_n and_o farthing_n be_v to_o be_v see_v much_o of_o the_o some_o shape_n with_o those_o of_o his_o predecessor_n robertus_fw-la dei_fw-la gra._n r._n rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la two_o david_n two_o in_o the_o year_n 1366._o the_o latter_a end_n of_o david_n the_o second_v reign_v it_o be_v 46._o be_v vid._n stat._n dau._n 2._o cap_n 38._o &_o 46._o enact_v in_o parliament_n that_o the_o money_n shall_v be_v equal_a in_o goodness_n to_o that_o of_o england_n and_o the_o next_o year_n the_o coinage_n be_v further_o regulate_v a_o pound_n of_o fine_a silver_n make_v 29_o s._n 4_o d._n et_fw-la fiat_fw-la say_v the_o statute_n in_o ipsa_fw-la signum_fw-la notabile_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la possit_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la alia_fw-la prius_fw-la fabricata_fw-la evidenter_fw-la cognosci_fw-la i_o think_v he_o be_v the_o first_o king_n of_o scotlond_n that_o coin_a groat_n they_o give_v he_o crown_v and_o side-faced_a with_o a_o sceptre_n erect_v and_o david_n dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la r._n dns'_v protector_n ms._n &_o liberator_n ms._n on_o a_o outer_a circle_n and_o villa_n edinburgh_n about_o four_o mullet_n in_o a_o inner_a his_o half_a groat_n have_v the_o same_o inscription_n w._n 1½_n dr._n his_o penny_n weigh_v 14_o gr._n and_o have_v only_a villa_n edinburgh_n on_o the_o reverse_n there_o be_v sutherland_n be_v p._n d._n sutherland_n another_o which_o have_v villa_n aberden_n on_o the_o reverse_n and_o those_o of_o edinburgh_n have_v be_v mint_v at_o several_a time_n there_o be_v half_a and_o a_o three_o of_o these_o and_o penny_n of_o both_o kind_n robert_n the_o second_v groat_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o shape_n ii_o rob._n ii_o weight_n and_o size_n with_o that_o of_o his_o predecessor_n it_o show_v the_o king_n half-faced_a with_o a_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n erect_v and_o robertus_fw-la dei_fw-la gra·_n rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la r._n dnus_n protector_n ms._n &_o liberator_n ms._n on_o the_o outer_a circle_n and_o villa_n de_fw-fr perth_n about_o four_o small_a star_n on_o the_o inner_a another_o of_o they_o have_v villa_n edinburgh_n and_o a_o three_o dundee_n and_o i_o have_v see_v eundem_fw-la see_v p._n eundem_fw-la half_n of_o all_o these_o the_o first_o open_v face_v groat_n be_v that_o of_o robert_n the_o three_o iii_o rob._n iii_o it_o give_v the_o king_n picture_n crown_v but_o without_o a_o sceptre_n in_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o rose_n as_o we_o have_v on_o most_o of_o our_o old_a english_a groat_n the_o inscription_n be_v robertus_fw-la dei_fw-la gra._n rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la on_o the_o reverse_n be_v three_o globule_n in_o each_o quarter_n of_o the_o cross_n in_o the_o inner_a circle_n villa_n edinburgh_n and_o on_o the_o outer_a dnus_n protector_n ms._n &_o liberator_n ms._n w._n 1½_n dr._n 7_o gr._n mr._n sutherland_n have_v three_o other_o variety_n with_o villa_n de_fw-fr perth_n villa_n de_fw-fr aberd_n .._o and_o villa_n dumbertan_n and_o the_o half_n of_o the_o first_o of_o these_o and_o those_o of_o villa_n edinburgh_n as_o likewise_o penny_n of_o both_o kind_n and_o villa_n de_fw-fr aberde_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o be_v reign_v it_o be_v enact_v that_o 1424._o that_o parl._n 1_o jac._n 1._o cap._n 23._o mar._n 26._o 1424._o our_o lord_n the_o king_n gar_fw-mi mend_v his_o money_n i._n james_n i._n and_o gar_o strike_v it_o in_o like_a wecht_n and_o fineness_n to_o the_o money_n of_o england_n a_o little_a before_o this_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v agree_v to_o 346._o to_o h._n both_o lib._n 17._o fol._n 346._o pay_v to_o our_o k._n henry_n the_o six_o the_o sum_n of_o 100000_o mark_n for_o this_o king_n ransom_n whereof_o 50000_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v in_o ready_a money_n these_o though_o of_o such_o a_o standard_n as_o then_o pass_v for_o 261._o for_o vid._n lesl_n hist_o scot._n lib._n 7._o cap._n 261._o sterling_n may_v probable_o be_v find_v to_o carry_v too_o great_a a_o alloy_n when_o they_o come_v to_o be_v tender_v in_o england_n and_o this_o might_n as_o probable_o give_v occasion_n for_o the_o forementioned_a statute_n his_o groat_n be_v full-faced_n with_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n and_o jacobus_n dei_fw-la gracia_n rex_fw-la scot._n r._n in_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o cross_n be_v two_o flower-de-lis's_a and_o twice_o three_o little_a ball_n or_o globuli_fw-la countercharge_v within_o a_o in_a circle_n bear_v villa_n edinburgh_n and_o a_o outer_a with_o dnus_n protector_n ms_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v ebor._n be_v p_o rr_z d_o d_o archiep_n ebor._n another_o which_o i_o take_v to_o belong_v likewise_o to_o this_o king_n and_o to_o be_v of_o somewhat_o more_o age_n than_o the_o former_a whereon_o the_o inscription_n be_v jacobus_n dei_fw-la gra._n rex-scotorum_a and_o its_o reverse_n in_o all_o point_n agree_v with_o that_o of_o robert_n the_o three_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o former_a be_v 1_o dr._n 9_o gr._n and_o of_o this_o 1_o dr._n 4½_n gr._n there_o be_v sutherland_n be_v p_o m_o i_o sutherland_n other_o coin_v at_o perth_n aberdeen_n
chap._n i._o of_o the_o medâ—â—â—_n and_o coin_n of_o scotland_n there_o be_v not_o many_o scotch_a coin_n find_v on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o two_o kingdom_n notwithstanding_o the_o frequent_a conflict_n that_o have_v happen_v there_o and_o one_o great_a reason_n why_o they_o be_v more_o rare_o meet_v with_o than_o the_o english_a be_v because_o as_o our_o edward_n the_o second_o observe_v in_o his_o 5._o his_o j._n major_a hist_o lib._n 5._o cap._n 5._o speech_n the_o king_n of_o scotland_n use_v not_o in_o old_a time_n to_o pay_v their_o army_n but_o every_o man_n follow_v at_o his_o own_o expense_n and_o carry_v his_o own_o provision_n he_o that_o write_v the_o short_a catalogue_n of_o the_o king_n be_v prefix_v to_o h._n boethius_n history_n i_o speak_v thus_o doubt_o of_o it_o because_o it_o can_v not_o be_v write_v by_o that_o historian_n himself_o since_o it_o conclude_v with_o queen_n mary_n two_o husband_n affirm_v roundly_o that_o there_o be_v not_o coin_v money_n in_o the_o day_n of_o k._n reutha_n but_o that_o all_o manner_n of_o payment_n of_o wage_n or_o price_n be_v make_v in_o corn_n or_o beef_n in_o the_o a._n the_o h._n both_o lib._n 2._o fol._n 10._o a._n history_n itself_o this_o king_n be_v say_v to_o have_v order_v the_o salary_n of_o man_n of_o different_a profession_n in_o a_o certain_a and_o critical_a manner_n so_o as_o that_o a_o counsellor_n at_o law_n be_v to_o have_v the_o ox_n tongue_n the_o physician_n two_o rib_n out_o of_o each_o of_o his_o side_n etc._n etc._n bishop_n 8â—_n bishop_n hist_o scot._n lib._n â—_o p._n 8â—_n lesley_n indeed_o report_v this_o matter_n much_o otherwise_o and_o assure_v we_o that_o king_n reutha_n coin_v money_n of_o leather_n numum_fw-la ex_fw-la corio_fw-la bubulo_fw-la cudi_fw-la jussit_fw-la but_o long_o after_o this_o the_o brigantes_n be_v a._n be_v h._n both_o lib._n 3._o fol._n 46._o a._n say_v to_o have_v be_v stranger_n to_o the_o use_v of_o any_o sort_n of_o coin_n their_o whole_a treasure_n in_o aractacus_n reign_n be_v in_o re_fw-mi pecuaria_fw-la in_o their_o stock_n of_o cattle_n pict_n pict_n we_o be_v tell_v that_o a._n that_o h._n both_o lib._n 10._o fol._n 194._o a._n brudus_n king_n of_o the_o pict_n send_v a_o considerable_a sum_n missa_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la ingenti_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la vi_fw-la to_o the_o saxon_a king_n edwine_n as_o his_o stipendiary_a against_o the_o scot_n but_o whether_o this_o be_v of_o his_o own_o or_o some_o foreign_a coin_n we_o be_v not_o inform_v donald_n k._n donald_n it_o be_v probable_a enough_o that_o some_o sort_n of_o coin_a money_n they_o have_v even_o long_o before_o that_o time_n if_o their_o neighbour_n the_o scot_n be_v make_v acquaint_v with_o the_o thing_n as_o early_o as_o k._n donald_n the_o first_o be_v day_n and_o so_o say_v century_n say_v id._n lib._n 5._o fol._n 86._o b._n lesl_n lib._n 2._o p._n 109._o and_o buchanan_n lib._n 6._o p._n m._n 175._o say_v sterling-money_n be_v first_o coin_v by_o donald_n the_o five_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o nine_o century_n h._n boethius_n who_o very_a expression_n be_v most_o transcribe_v by_o the_o follow_a historian_n and_o be_v these_o donaldus_n primus_fw-la omnium_fw-la scotorum_fw-la regum_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o nostris_fw-la annalibus_fw-la proditum_fw-la est_fw-la memoriae_fw-la nummum_fw-la argenteum_fw-la aureumque_fw-la signavit_fw-la una_fw-la parte_fw-la salutiferae_fw-la crucis_fw-la altera_fw-la svi_fw-la ipsius_fw-la effigy_n expressa_fw-la quo_fw-la suscepta_fw-la a_o se_fw-la primum_fw-la inter_fw-la scotos_fw-gr reges_fw-la christianae_n pietatis_fw-la memoriam_fw-la ad_fw-la posteros_fw-la propagaret_fw-la enimvero_fw-la nostrate_v antea_fw-la aut_fw-la nulla_fw-la pecunia_fw-la signata_fw-la sed_fw-la ejus_fw-la loco_fw-la mercibus_fw-la commmutationis_fw-la causa_fw-la aut_fw-la romana_fw-la aut_fw-la britannica_fw-la in_fw-la commerciis_fw-la utebantur_fw-la he_o prove_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o this_o story_n from_o great_a quantity_n of_o roman_a money_n find_v in_o fife_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o his_o authority_n for_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v of_o chief_a concern_v to_o we_o be_v omit_v two_o malcolm_z two_o i_o do_v not_o much_o doubt_n but_o that_o these_o part_n of_o great_a britain_n have_v all_o along_o maintain_v their_o commerce_n and_o may_v they_o ever_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o in_o the_o same_o method_n and_o fashion_n with_o those_o that_o be_v more_o southern_a so_o that_o the_o value_n of_o money_n and_o the_o price_n of_o good_n have_v general_o be_v at_o a_o par_fw-fr among_o the_o several_a nation_n which_o ancient_o inhabit_v this_o island_n a_o early_a instance_n we_o have_v of_o this_o in_o the_o 8._o the_o ll._n malc_n 2._o cap_n 3.7_o 8._o law_n of_o king_n malcolm_n the_o second_o wherein_o a_o colpindach_n or_o young_a heifer_n be_v value_v at_o thirty_o penny_n the_o very_a same_o price_n which_o be_v set_v on_o a_o ox_n in_o some_o of_o our_o 95._o our_o vid._n l_o l._n ass._n edit_n wheloc_n p._n 95._o saxon_a law_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v enact_v about_o the_o same_o time_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o scottish_a gold_n coin_n how_o long_o the_o scot_n have_v coin_v gold_n be_v very_o uncertain_a though_o i_o think_v we_o may_v in_o the_o gross_a venture_v to_o affirm_v that_o they_o hardly_o do_v it_o before_o the_o english_a and_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o ascribe_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o matter_n there_o to_o k._n edward_n the_o three_o what_o the_o a._n the_o h._n both_o lib._n 3._o fol._n 35._o a._n nummus_fw-la aureus_n be_v which_o macolm_n camnoir_n appoint_v to_o be_v pay_v in_o lieu_n of_o that_o obscene_a privilege_n give_v to_o the_o grandee_n of_o scotland_n by_o euenus_n the_o three_o upon_o the_o marriage_n of_o their_o tenant_n and_o vassal_n i_o can_v certain_o tell_v though_o my_o author_n say_v it_o be_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n with_o what_o in_o his_o own_o time_n be_v well_o enough_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o marcheta_n dimidiata_fw-la argenti_n marca_n be_v the_o expression_n he_o 31._o he_o id._n lib._n 12._o fol._n 260._o a._n vid._n &_o reg._n majest_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 31._o elsewhere_o use_v and_o i_o suppose_v this_o may_v suit_v the_o thing_n better_o than_o nummus_fw-la aureus_n the_o five_o last_o chapter_n in_o the_o regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la be_v observe_v to_o be_v of_o a_o suspect_a authority_n or_o otherwise_o we_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v a_o pretty_a good_a evidence_n of_o k._n david_n the_o first_o coin_v of_o gold_n for_o thus_o run_v one_o of_o the_o law_n 7._o law_n reg._n majest_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 40._o v._n 7._o pro_fw-la vulnere_fw-la in_o fancy_n vulnerans_fw-la dabit_fw-la unam_fw-la peciam_fw-la auri_fw-la videlicet_fw-la unam_fw-la imaginem_fw-la auri._n these_o be_v all_o uncertainty_n before_o we_o enter_v upon_o the_o time_n wherein_o we_o have_v better_a light_n it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o to_o observe_v two_o thing_n to_o the_o reader_n 1._o that_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n have_v usual_o be_v as_o one_o to_o twelve_o so_o that_o when_o the_o ounce_n of_o gold_n be_v at_o three_o pound_n the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n go_v at_o five_o shilling_n etc._n etc._n this_o be_v more_o particular_o clear_v in_o a_o manuscript_n note_v of_o sibbald_n of_o penes_fw-la d._n rob._n sibbald_n sir_n james_n balfour's_n which_o he_o have_v call_v prysses_n of_o the_o cunzie_n in_o the_o hail_n time_n of_o ja._n 1._o ja._n 2._o ja._n 3._o ja_fw-la 4._o ja._n 5._o and_o queine_a mary_n a._n d._n 1437._o say_n that_o note_v k._n james_n the_o first_o at_o his_o death_n have_v a_o standard_n equal_a to_o that_o of_o england_n silver_n be_v at_o 5_o s._n scot_n the_o ounce_n and_o gold_n at_o 3_o l._n a._n d._n 1440._o k._n james_n the_o second_o raise_v silver_n to_o 8_o s._n the_o ounce_n and_o gold_n to_o 4_o l._n 19_o s._n a._n d._n 1466._o james_n the_o three_o raise_v the_o silver_n first_o to_o 10_o s._n 8_o d._n and_o the_o gold_n to_o 5_o l._n 12_o s._n afterward_o he_o again_o mount_v the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n to_o 12_o s._n in_o november_n 1475._o but_o in_o february_n 1483._o he_o reduce_v it_o to_o 11_o s._n 8_o d._n the_o gold_n he_o advance_v to_o 6_o l._n a._n d._n 1489._o james_n the_o four_o keep_v both_o at_o the_o last_o mention_v value_n there_o be_v no_o remain_a act_n of_o council_n concern_v coinage_n in_o k._n james_n the_o five_o time_n though_o great_a alteration_n be_v make_v in_o that_o reign_n the_o douglas-groat_n of_o 10_o d._n fine_a and_o baby_n of_o 3_o d._n fine_a be_v then_o bring_v in_o use_n as_o be_v likewise_o the_o bonnet-piece_n of_o gold_n he_o leave_v the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n at_o 19_o s._n 9_o d._n and_o gold_n at_o 12_o l._n a._n d._n 1542._o in_o q._n mary_n time_n the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n
linlithgow_n and_o stirling_n with_o the_o half_n of_o that_o of_o edinburgh_n ii_o james_n ii_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o k._n james_n the_o second_o think_v it_o expedient_a 1451._o expedient_a parl_n 8_o ja_n 2_o cap_n 33_o oct_n 25_o 1451._o for_o diverse_a cause_n that_o there_o be_v strike_v new_a money_n conform_v even_o in_o weight_n to_o the_o money_n of_o england_n with_o the_o quilk_n this_o realm_n his_fw-mi part_n of_o common_v and_o that_o there_o be_v strike_v of_o the_o ounce_n of_o burn_a silver_n or_o bulzeon_n of_o that_o fine_n aucht_a groat_n and_o of_o the_o samin_n mater_fw-la and_o weight_n as_o effeiris_n half-groat_n penny_n halfpenny_n and_o farthing_n in_o his_o 1455._o his_o parl_n 13_o ja_n 2_o cap_n 29_o oct_n 19_o 1455._o eighteen_o year_n this_o new_a groat_n be_v order_v to_o go_v for_o twelve_o penny_n and_o the_o sixpenny_n groat_n which_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v of_o a_o scandalous_o base_a alloy_n because_o the_o mint-master_n be_v forbid_v on_o pain_n of_o death_n to_o coin_v any_o more_o of_o they_o be_v ordain_v till_o have_v course_n as_o it_o his_fw-mi what_o value_n that_o be_v its_o very_a name_n sufficient_o show_v and_o i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v the_o same_o piece_n which_o in_o the_o 23._o the_o parl_n 1_n ja_n 3_o cap_n 23._o next_o reign_n be_v call_v the_o sex-penny-groat_n of_o the_o flower_n de_fw-fr luce._n this_o raise_n of_o their_o new_a groat_n which_o be_v of_o the_o very_a same_o weight_n and_o fineness_n with_o the_o english_a groat_n bring_v the_o computation_n of_o the_o sum_n in_o scotland_n to_o triple_a what_o they_o bear_v in_o england_n so_o that_o their_o pound_n be_v no_o more_o than_o our_o noble_a their_o shilling_n than_o our_o groat_n or_o four_o penny_n etc._n etc._n the_o say_a groat_n give_v this_o king_n full-faced_n with_o a_o imperial_a crown_n and_o jacobus_n dei_fw-la gra._n rex_fw-la scot._n r._n dnus_n protector_n etc._n etc._n on_o a_o outer_a circle_n and_o villa_n edinburgh_n about_o two_o crown_n intercharge_v with_o twice_o three_o little_a ball_n and_o a_o small_a annulet_n on_o the_o inner_a w._n 2_o dr._n half_a of_o this_o another_o of_o the_o groat_n have_v villa_n sutherland_n villa_n p._n d._n j._n sutherland_n aberdie_o on_o its_o reverse_n the_o first_o parliament_n of_o k._n james_n the_o three_o ordain_v that_o 9_o that_o oct._n 9_o 1466._o cap._n 9_o iii_o james_n iii_o for_o the_o ease_n and_o sustentation_n of_o the_o king_n liege_n and_o almous_a deed_n to_o be_v do_v to_o poor_a folk_n there_o be_v cvinzy_v reign_n cvinzy_v mr._n sutherland_n have_v sample_n of_o these_o and_o some_o of_o the_o like_a kind_n in_o the_o follow_a reign_n copper_n money_n four_o to_o the_o penny_n havand_a on_o the_o one_fw-mi part_n the_o croce_n of_o s._n andrew_n and_o the_o crown_n on_o the_o other_o part_n with_o subscription_n of_o edinburgh_n on_o the_o one_fw-mi part_n and_o a_o r._n with_o james_n on_o the_o other_o part._n these_o be_v the_o same_o piece_n which_o be_v continue_v by_o his_o successor_n and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o ja._n vi_o get_v the_o name_n of_o atcheson_n from_o one_o atcheson_n a_o coiner_n and_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o metal_n mention_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o this_o historical_a library_n some_o of_o which_o be_v of_o common_a currency_n for_o four_o bothwel_n or_o eight_o penny_n scotch_a even_o in_o the_o late_a reign_n of_o k._n charles_n the_o second_o but_o be_v now_o whole_o disuse_v in_o his_o 18._o his_o parl._n 3_o ja._n 3._o oct._n 12._o 1467._o cap._n 18._o three_o parliament_n the_o groat_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v order_v to_o have_v course_n for_o fourteen_o penny_n and_o the_o strike_n of_o the_o black_a penny_n to_o be_v cease_v these_o black_a penny_n be_v a_o different_a sort_n of_o money_n from_o the_o copper-farthing_n abovementioned_a and_o be_v for_o some_o time_n force_v in_o payment_n till_o at_o last_o the_o people_n unanimous_o refuse_v to_o take_v they_o upon_o which_o the_o last_o earl_n of_o douglas_n reflect_v make_v this_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n when_o request_v in_o his_o extreme_a old_a age_n to_o be_v his_o lieutenant-general_n against_o the_o rebel_n 206._o rebel_n d._n hume_n hist_o of_o dugl_n p._n 206._o sir_n you_o have_v keep_v i_o and_o your_o black_a coffer_n in_o sterlin_n too_o long_o neither_o of_o we_o can_v do_v you_o any_o good_a we_o find_v it_o also_o among_o the_o article_n object_v to_o his_o favourite_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o angus_n and_o other_o that_o they_o have_v persuade_v he_o to_o 444._o to_o ibid._n par._n 2._o 226._o vid._n etiam_fw-la lesl_n hist_o scot._n lib._n 8._o p._n 309._o &_o j._n ferrer_n append._n ad_fw-la h._n both_o fol._n 395._o ah_o &_o g._n buchan_n lib._n 12._o p._n m._n 444._o coin_v a_o brass_n coin_n of_o no_o value_n which_o the_o people_n call_v the_o black_a coin_n which_o fact_n of_o all_o other_o be_v most_o odious_a to_o the_o vulgar_a for_o as_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o history_n a_o great_a dearth_n ensue_v upon_o the_o project_n since_o every_o body_n choose_v to_o let_v their_o corn_n rather_o rot_v than_o to_o give_v it_o away_o so_o much_o below_o the_o intrinsic_a value_n in_o the_o very_a next_o parliament_n of_o this_o reign_n call_v within_o a_o 23._o a_o parl._n 4._o ja._n 3._o in_o jan._n 1467._o cap._n 23._o few_o month_n of_o the_o former_a the_o groat_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v reduce_v to_o 12_o d._n and_o the_o lesser_a piece_n to_o proportionable_a value_v in_o this_o king_n be_v 46._o be_v may_v 6._o 1471._o cap._n 46._o six_o parliament_n the_o new_a allay_v groat_n be_v order_v to_o go_v for_o six_o penny_n and_o the_o half-groat_n for_o three_o and_o in_o his_o 64._o his_o nou._n 20._o 1475._o cap._n 64._o eight_o twelve_o groat_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v strike_v out_o of_o a_o ounce_n of_o burn_a silver_n as_o also_o penny_n to_o go_v at_o 3_o d._n and_o half-penny_n of_o the_o same_o fineness_n in_o his_o 93._o his_o feb._n 24._o 1483._o cap._n 93._o thirteen_o a_o new_a penny_n of_o silver_n as_o fine_a as_o the_o old_a english_a groat_n be_v order_v to_o be_v coin_v ten_o whereof_o be_v to_o make_v a_o ounce_n and_o to_o go_v at_o 14_o d._n each_o at_o the_o same_o time_n counterfeit_v placks_n at_o 2_o d._n a_o piece_n be_v call_v in_o his_o groat_n represent_v he_o full-faced_n and_o crown_v without_o a_o sceptre_n with_o this_o inscription_n jacobus_n dei_fw-la gra._n rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la r._n villa_n edinburg_n on_o the_o inner_a circle_n about_o the_o crown_n and_o globuli_fw-la as_o on_o his_o father_n but_o without_o the_o annulet_n and_o dnus_n protector_n etc._n etc._n on_o the_o outer_a w._n 2_o dr._n 8_o g._n the_o like_a be_v sutherland_n be_v p._n m._n j._n sutherland_n coin_v at_o aberdeen_n sterling_n and_o roxburgh_n and_o a_o half-groat_n at_o edinburgh_n some_o of_o his_o groat_n and_o half-groat_n on_o the_o reverse_n have_v a_o mullet_n in_o each_o quarter_n of_o the_o cross_n and_o in_o the_o inner_a circle_n villa_n berwici_fw-la in_o other_o point_v it_o agree_v with_o the_o whole_a groat_n this_o piece_n be_v stamp_v at_o berwick_n must_v assure_o belong_v to_o this_o king_n who_o be_v master_n of_o that_o town_n twentyone_a year_n and_o be_v the_o only_a prince_n of_o his_o name_n and_o nation_n before_o the_o union_n that_o ever_o be_v so_o it_o appear_v that_o in_o king_n james_n the_o four_o time_n iu._n james_n iu._n there_o be_v groat_n of_o somewhat_o different_a stamp_n as_o be_v mint_v by_o several_a coiner_n and_o the_o 2._o the_o parl._n 1_o ja._n 4._o a._n d._n 1488._o cap._n 2._o act_n of_o parliament_n particular_o mention_n those_o whereof_o the_o last_o mention_v be_v half_a strike_v by_o gilbert_n pish_o common_o call_v barwick-groat_n other_o by_o alexander_n levingstoun_n and_o a_o three_o sort_v by_o john_n currour_n these_o be_v all_o of_o equal_a fineness_n be_v make_v equal_o current_a one_o groat_n i_o have_v which_o i_o believe_v to_o be_v of_o this_o king_n be_v own_o coin_v it_o give_v his_o face_n open_a and_o a_o crown_n on_o his_o head_n with_o jacobus_n dei_fw-la gra._n rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la r._n villa_n edinburgh_n about_o two_o hexagonal_a mullet_n and_o twice_o three_o ball_n countercharge_v on_o the_o inner_a circle_n and_o dnn_v protector_n ms._n etc._n etc._n on_o the_o outer_a w._n 1_o ½_n dw._n in_o the_o abovementioned_a ordnance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n i_o find_v two_o more_o which_o be_v there_o call_v schotsche_n stooter_n and_o which_o one_o will_v imagine_v to_o be_v both_o of_o this_o king_n be_v coin_v the_o one_o of_o these_o differ_v very_o little_a from_o that_o already_o describe_v fave_v that_o in_o the_o outer_a circle_n on_o the_o reverse_n the_o