give_v &_o proclaim_v by_o their_o prince_n commonwealth_n merchant_n govern_v the_o commonwealth_n so_o that_o merchant_n bring_v all_o man_n to_o follow_v their_o bow_n as_o concern_v the_o estimation_n of_o english_a money_n where_o they_o in_o the_o mean_a season_n pass_v not_o what_o they_o give_v in_o england_n for_o the_o commodity_n thereof_o though_o they_o sell_v they_o to_o no_o profit_n at_o the_o mart_n because_o the_o return_v of_o the_o money_n from_o the_o marting-towne_n by_o their_o merchandise_v exchange_n be_v so_o profitable_a and_o gainful_a unto_o they_o during_o this_o base_a and_o low_a price_n of_o exchange_n likewise_o whereas_o the_o queen_n majesty_n elizabeth_n elizabeth_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o her_o prudent_a and_o grave_a counsellor_n move_v with_o great_a love_n zeal_n and_o pity_n towards_o all_o state_n of_o person_n but_o special_o towards_o the_o poor_a sort_n oppress_v and_o burden_a with_o the_o excessive_a price_n of_o all_o thing_n vendible_a within_o her_o grace_n realm_n which_o spring_v and_o rise_v as_o the_o common_a fame_n go_v by_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o drossy_a and_o monstrous_a base-money_n currant_n and_o set_v forth_o or_o at_o the_o least_o way_n permit_v to_o be_v currant_n and_o set_v forth_o by_o her_o grace_n predecessor_n throughout_o the_o realm_n like_o a_o most_o godly_a and_o love_a princess_n have_v take_v away_o and_o abolish_v all_o the_o say_a course_n and_o drossy_a money_n &_o coin_n and_o for_o it_o restore_v as_o fine_a silver_n coin_n as_o ever_o be_v currant_n in_o the_o realm_n before_o or_o rather_o fine_a hope_v meaning_n and_o intend_v thereby_o to_o have_v take_v away_o therewith_o the_o corrupnesse_n and_o drossine_n of_o price_n which_o likewise_o all_o thing_n sell_v in_o her_o majesty_n realm_n at_o the_o time_n be_v corrupt_v with_o as_o without_o doubt_n if_o no_o subtle_a policy_n have_v come_v between_o to_o have_v let_v and_o stop_v her_o grace_n wholesome_a purpose_n therein_o it_o will_v have_v effect_v for_o some_o likelihood_n thereof_o begin_v a_o little_a while_n to_o appear_v by_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o price_n of_o victual_n at_o the_o market_n when_o it_o be_v first_o noise_v and_o bruit_v abroad_o that_o by_o a_o certain_a day_n appoint_v and_o limit_v no_o money_n but_o such_o as_o be_v of_o fine_a silver_n or_o gold_n set_v forth_o by_o her_o majesty_n or_o by_o her_o grace_n predecessor_n shall_v be_v paiable_a or_o currant_n thereafter_o within_o the_o realm_n and_o that_o all_o the_o drossy_a coin_n shall_v be_v bring_v to_o her_o mint_n of_o london_n where_o every_o man_n shall_v receive_v for_o the_o same_o pure_a and_o fine_a silver_n money_n of_o her_o grace_n coin_n whereat_o all_o person_n much_o rejoice_v although_o for_o the_o present_a every_o state_n of_o the_o realm_n know_v they_o shall_v receive_v a_o loss_n thereby_o yet_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o benefit_n that_o be_v to_o a_o good_a will_n but_o here_o blind_a covetousness_n with_o greedy_a gain_n and_o lucre_n reign_v in_o the_o marting-merchant_n stir_v up_o their_o wit_n to_o practice_v their_o old_a subtle_a policy_n for_o the_o save_n of_o their_o state_n from_o loss_n which_o be_v to_o bring_v down_o and_o abase_v the_o english_a pound_n in_o their_o merchandise_v exchange_n for_o the_o return_v home_o of_o their_o money_n into_o england_n from_o their_o marting-towne_n at_o the_o other_o side_n the_o sea_n and_o as_o they_o do_v before_o in_o the_o bless_a time_n of_o king_n edward_n so_o now_o at_o the_o first_o bruit_n and_o rumour_n of_o this_o queen_n most_o noble_a and_o ever_o praisable_a enterprise_n they_o cause_v the_o price_n of_o her_o pound_n of_o money_n to_o be_v value_v in_o their_o exchange_n but_o at_o 16._o and_o 17._o ss_z flemish_n by_o which_o occasion_n as_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v before_o at_o other_o reformation_n of_o money_n the_o price_n of_o all_o those_o country_n commodity_n and_o also_o of_o all_o other_o foreign_a nation_n and_o country_n do_v not_o only_o keep_v their_o old_a excessive_a and_o dear_a price_n in_o england_n but_o do_v rather_o increase_v and_o wax_v high_o and_o so_o do_v likewise_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n follow_v after_o not_o only_o because_o foreign_a ware_n do_v so_o but_o special_o for_o the_o hastiness_n man_n make_v to_o bestow_v their_o money_n upon_o they_o by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n who_o spare_v not_o to_o buy_v all_o manner_n of_o ware_n transportable_a beyond_o the_o sea_n at_o what_o price_n soever_o be_v demand_v for_o they_o for_o that_o this_o return_v home_o of_o money_n by_o exchange_n make_v they_o great_a gainer_n and_o will_v be_v a_o way_n &_o mean_v if_o the_o worst_a fell_a to_o keep_v and_o save_v they_o from_o all_o loss_n and_o danger_n in_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o money_n which_o all_o other_o state_n and_o condition_n have_v their_o traffic_n within_o the_o realm_n look_v to_o have_v sustain_v and_o bear_v by_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o say_a money_n which_o these_o merchant_n adventurer_n do_v provide_v to_o avoid_v through_o this_o their_o peculiar_a traffic_n and_o practice_v by_o toss_v and_o turn_v their_o money_n between_o england_n and_o their_o marting-towne_n by_o the_o say_v merchandise_v exchange_n for_o although_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o they_o transport_v to_o the_o mart_n rise_v from_o 4._o li._n to_o 6._o li._n and_o 7._o li._n english_a yet_o may_v they_o sell_v they_o at_o the_o mart_n as_o good_a cheap_a as_o ever_o they_o do_v and_o be_v great_a gainer_n then_o in_o time_n past_a for_o so_o much_o as_o though_o customable_o they_o do_v make_v afore_o time_n 30._o &_o 34._o ss_z flemish_n of_o a_o pound_n english_a in_o their_o sale_n after_o which_o rate_n they_o make_v 6._o and_o 7._o pound_n 8._o ss_z flemish_a of_o 4._o li._n english_a and_o so_o 150._o pound_n and_o 160._o li._n flemish_n of_o a_o 100_o li._n english_a yet_o because_o they_o return_v their_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o that_o time_n after_o 28._o ss_z and_o 30._o ss_z or_o 32._o ss_z flemish_n for_o the_o english_a pound_n their_o gain_n pass_v not_o above_o 13._o in_o the_o hundred_o where_o now_o sell_v their_o commodity_n at_o the_o say_a price_n of_o 6._o &_o 7._o li._n flemish_n though_o they_o pay_v also_o for_o they_o so_o much_o in_o england_n of_o english_a money_n after_o which_o reckon_v they_o do_v or_o do_v make_v of_o 100_o li._n english_a but_o 100_o flemish_a yet_o return_v home_o their_o money_n after_o this_o reckon_n and_o low_a exchange_n of_o 16._o and_o 17._o ss_z flemish_n for_o the_o english_a pound_n they_o get_v between_o 17._o &_o 25._o in_o the_o hundred_o notwithstanding_o they_o sell_v not_o under_o 24._o &_o 26._o ss_z flemish_n for_o the_o pound_n english_a during_o the_o say_a low_a exchange_n after_o which_o rate_n although_o they_o make_v but_o 120._o &_o 130._o li._n flemish_n of_o their_o 100_o li._n english_a yet_o make_v they_o in_o england_n at_o the_o return_n of_o their_o money_n by_o the_o foresay_a low_a exchange_n above_o 150._o and_o 160._o li._n english_a of_o their_o 100_o li._n transport_v first_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o mart_n by_o which_o manner_n of_o reckon_n ☜_o their_o gain_n rise_v to_o above_o 50._o and_o 60._o in_o the_o 100_o for_o the_o space_n of_o one_o mart._n and_o so_o by_o this_o policy_n of_o merchandise_v exchange_n merchant_n adventurer_n have_v not_o only_o save_v themselves_o at_o all_o fall_v of_o money_n pass_v in_o england_n &_o have_v hinder_v the_o queen_n majesty_n purpose_n note_n note_n for_o the_o bring_n down_o of_o the_o excessive_a price_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o utter_a abolish_n of_o all_o the_o drossy_a &_o corrupt_a money_n in_o the_o realm_n but_o therewithal_o they_o have_v be_v evermore_o the_o occasion_n and_o author_n of_o the_o disorder_n and_o of_o the_o raise_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o ware_n and_o commodity_n in_o the_o realm_n more_o and_o more_o to_o such_o excessive_a and_o inordinate_a price_n as_o either_o they_o have_v bear_v or_o do_v bear_v at_o this_o day_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o state_n or_o person_n in_o the_o realm_n that_o either_o can_v have_v devise_v or_o else_o that_o go_v about_o to_o frustrate_v her_o majesty_n purpose_n in_o reduce_v all_o the_o base_a coin_n to_o so_o pure_a or_o fine_a substance_n or_o matter_n but_o only_o these_o merchant_n adventurer_n by_o the_o practice_n of_o their_o fraudulent_a exchange_n for_o all_o other_o manner_n of_o person_n of_o the_o realm_n will_v glad_o have_v bear_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o money_n according_a to_o the_o queen_n majesty_n meaning_n because_o they_o perceive_v that_o they_o shall_v thereby_o thereafter_o save_v more_o for_o the_o buy_n of_o thing_n at_o moderate_a and_o
at_o paris_n he_o now_o by_o this_o merchant_n exchange_n shall_v receive_v at_o the_o most_o not_o above_o 105._o crown_n or_o 102_o crown_n and_o sometime_o less_o than_o the_o hundred_o crown_n so_o that_o by_o this_o one_o example_n appear_v sufficient_o what_o a_o difference_n it_o be_v to_o pass_v money_n by_o the_o lawful_a exchange_n which_o be_v rule_v and_o order_v by_o the_o stable_n &_o constant_a price_n give_v to_o money_n by_o public_a authority_n and_o by_o this_o other_o fallible_a exchange_n depend_v only_o upon_o the_o alterable_a price_n of_o money_n give_v after_o the_o instable_n affection_n of_o covetous_a merchant_n chap._n viii_o the_o first_o stand_v bank_n and_o pillar_n of_o merchandise_v exchange_n and_o a_o description_n thereof_o the_o first_o &_o principal_a pillar_n of_o all_o may_v rome_n most_o worthy_o be_v take_v and_o repute_v where_o such_o great_a rapine_n rome_n usury_n first_o hatch_v in_o rome_n avarice_n and_o other_o filthiness_n if_o so_o in_o common_a use_n that_o it_o be_v figure_v in_o the_o scripture_n by_o the_o beast_n and_o harlot_n with_o who_o all_o the_o prince_n merchant_n &_o rich_a man_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v commit_v abomination_n and_o of_o who_o they_o have_v learn_v the_o love_n of_o money_n that_o be_v idolatry_n who_o antichristian_a prince_n and_o governor_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o anates_fw-la and_o other_o great_a tribute_n exact_v special_o of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a person_n of_o all_o other_o realm_n invent_v this_o commutation_n and_o exchange_n as_o the_o most_o expedient_a and_o commodious_a mean_n for_o the_o convey_v of_o their_o revenue_n unto_o they_o so_o that_o the_o holy_a father_n begin_v first_o in_o the_o babilonicall_a rome_n the_o erection_n of_o a_o stand_a bank_n for_o the_o traffic_n and_o merchandise_v exchange_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v in_o exercise_n for_o the_o transport_v of_o money_n as_o a_o ware_n and_o merchandise_n by_o the_o ministry_n of_o merchant_n from_o all_o place_n of_o christendom_n to_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n rome_n rome_n unto_o the_o which_o in_o continuance_n the_o say_a merchant_n be_v so_o delight_v with_o that_o trade_n have_v devise_v to_o adjoine_v three_o other_o city_n for_o stand_v bank_n and_o pillar_n of_o the_o same_o exchange_n as_o venice_n lion_n and_o antwerp_n which_o four_o place_n be_v therefore_o call_v standing-banck_n antwerp_n venice_n lion_n antwerp_n because_o the_o exchanger_n and_o banker_n thereof_o do_v exercise_v the_o same_o exchange_n public_o and_o have_v their_o open_a shop_n for_o the_o same_o purpose_n at_o this_o day_n in_o all_o the_o say_a town_n and_o moreover_o they_o have_v as_o it_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o warrant_n liberties_n and_o previledge_n from_o the_o superior_a power_n of_o the_o same_o town_n for_o the_o more_o sure_a and_o safe_a traffic_n therein_o by_o which_o previledge_n at_o the_o least_o in_o these_o other_o three_o city_n under_o the_o pretence_n and_o colour_n to_o be_v lawful_a exchanger_n and_o honest_a merchant_n all_o honest_a trade_n of_o merchandise_n be_v corrupt_v throughout_o all_o the_o town_n &_o region_n of_o europe_n but_o special_o in_o england_n all_o manner_n of_o ware_n and_o merchandise_n &_o other_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v grow_v thereby_o to_o excessive_a price_n from_o whence_o also_o spring_n daily_o more_o and_o more_o abuse_n and_o absurdity_n in_o the_o trade_n and_o manner_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o occupier_n throughout_o all_o christendom_n exchange_n the_o description_n of_o merchandise_v exchange_n therefore_o merchandise_v exchange_n be_v a_o unlawful_a commutation_n of_o money_n make_v between_o party_n upon_o certain_a subtle_a compact_n &_o condition_n for_o the_o pass_n of_o money_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o according_a to_o the_o private_a valuation_n give_v by_o merchant_n and_o banckars_n to_o the_o coin_n and_o money_n of_o all_o prince_n and_o common_a wealth_n devise_v and_o invent_v of_o they_o only_o for_o their_o private_a benefit_n and_o gain_v to_o the_o confusion_n of_o all_o good_a order_n in_o merchandise_v and_o the_o corruption_n of_o all_o honest_a occupy_v and_o traffic_n in_o any_o common_a wealth_n chap._n ix_o three_o practice_n and_o five_o abuse_n hurtful_a and_o pernicious_a to_o all_o commonwealth_n by_o merchandise_v exchange_n first_o merchant_n do_v make_v thereby_o all_o prince_n coin_n and_o money_n to_o be_v as_o ware_n and_o merchandise_n buy_v and_o sell_v the_o same_o for_o more_o and_o less_o price_n as_o well_o as_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o ware_n and_o merchandise_n they_o traffic_v in_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o money_n and_o also_o the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n of_o all_o prince_n and_o commonwealth_n by_o who_o authority_n only_o coin_n of_o money_n ought_v to_o have_v their_o price_n and_o valuation_n and_o that_o unalterable_a for_o the_o preserve_n of_o a_o equity_n in_o all_o thing_n vendible_a in_o the_o country_n and_o commonwealth_n second_o merchant_n do_v use_v by_o that_o mean_n to_o serve_v their_o turn_n of_o money_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o therewith_o to_o buy_v ware_n and_o merchandise_n by_o which_o policy_n they_o hinder_v prince_n and_o commonwealth_n of_o such_o toll_n and_o custom_n as_o they_o shall_v pay_v to_o they_o upon_o their_o ware_n and_o commodity_n that_o they_o will_v bring_v and_o convey_v into_o their_o dominion_n and_o country_n to_o do_v their_o feat_n with_o if_o this_o merchandise_v of_o money_n be_v not_o whereby_o also_o many_o merchant_n do_v colour_n the_o convey_v of_o ready_a money_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o special_o it_o be_v a_o great_a let_v impediment_n &_o hindrance_n to_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o bullion_n into_o this_o realm_n which_o all_o foreign_a merchant_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v when_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v vent_v &_o utter_v at_o calais_n or_o at_o the_o staple_n town_n within_o england_n before_o the_o two_o society_n of_o english_a merchant_n begin_v to_o usurp_v such_o liberty_n for_o the_o traffic_n as_o they_o pretend_v at_o this_o day_n to_o enjoy_v by_o lawful_a authority_n three_o merchant_n at_o this_o day_n do_v practice_v to_o buy_v and_o sell_v only_o according_a to_o the_o price_n and_o valuation_n that_o money_n have_v by_o the_o disorder_n of_o this_o merchandising-exchange_n and_o do_v omit_v and_o pass_v over_o the_o just_a and_o lawful_a valuation_n of_o money_n give_v and_o set_v forth_o in_o every_o country_n by_o the_o prince_n and_o common_a authority_n thereof_o money_n be_v the_o only_a mean_a to_o preserve_v a_o mediocrity_n and_o a_o equality_n in_o the_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n vendible_a in_o any_o country_n or_o commonwealth_n and_o so_o have_v they_o be_v the_o occasion_n why_o the_o price_n and_o estimation_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o ware_n and_o commodity_n be_v so_o excessive_o enhance_v &_o rise_v in_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n at_o this_o day_n ¶_o 1._o first_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o this_o exchange_n usury_n usury_n many_o person_n in_o diverse_a place_n before_o entangle_v and_o wrap_v in_o &_o with_o heavy_a burden_n bite_v and_o inextricable_a usury_n 2._o second_o it_o cause_v the_o traffic_n with_o the_o use_n &_o custom_n of_o borrow_v and_o lend_v of_o money_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n to_o be_v hard_a dear_a and_o scant_o which_o be_v a_o very_a necessary_a and_o expedient_a thing_n to_o be_v liberal_o frank_o and_o free_o use_v 3._o three_o it_o give_v occasion_n to_o all_o manner_n of_o occupier_n although_o they_o follow_v no_o just_a and_o lawful_a trade_n of_o merchandise_n to_o set_v their_o price_n of_o their_o ware_n after_o such_o sort_n and_o rate_n that_o their_o gain_n thereby_o may_v pass_v and_o exceed_v not_o only_o six_o and_o eight_o in_o the_o hundred_o but_o also_o twelve_o for_o a_o small_a time_n 4._o four_o under_o the_o colour_n thereof_o not_o only_o the_o bankar_n of_o antwerp_n and_o lion_n with_o such_o like_a usurer_n open_o and_o by_o profession_n practise_v usury_n do_v exceed_v the_o limit_n of_o all_o honest_a and_o lawful_a interest_n in_o let_v or_o lend_v out_o their_o money_n but_o also_o all_o other_o covetous_a person_n have_v money_n by_o they_o by_o the_o example_n of_o these_o exchaunger_n either_o public_o or_o privy_o either_o open_o or_o secret_o seek_v the_o mean_n and_o way_n to_o put_v out_o their_o money_n for_o the_o like_a gain_n pretend_v and_o allege_v for_o their_o excuse_n that_o they_o put_v and_o let_v out_o their_o money_n in_o company_n with_o these_o exchange_v merchant_n and_o open_a usurer_n upon_o common_a gain_n 5._o five_o many_o merchant_n especial_o such_o as_o have_v grow_v to_o great_a wealth_n and_o riches_n be_v and_o have_v be_v by_o this_o mean_v allure_v and_o entice_v to_o give_v over_o and_o neglect_v all_o manner_n of_o honest_a
reign_v in_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n by_o the_o reason_n whereof_o all_o thing_n be_v grow_v to_o excessive_a price_n also_o since_o these_o two_o aforesaid_a company_n of_o english_a merchant_n usurp_v these_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n to_o themselves_o that_o the_o one_o of_o they_o shall_v transport_v only_a staple_n ware_n to_o the_o staple_n of_o calais_n and_o the_o other_o broad-cloth_n england_n note_v staple-towne_n be_v call_v mart-towne_n begin_v the_o decay_n of_o trade_n &_o town_n in_o england_n with_o such_o other_o commodity_n unto_o the_o marting-towne_n of_o brabant_n the_o most_o part_n of_o all_o the_o good_a town_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n have_v decay_v and_o come_v to_o ruin_n which_o partly_o have_v come_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o reason_n that_o many_o kind_n of_o artificer_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o inhabit_v the_o say_v town_n maintain_v and_o make_v the_o prosperous_a by_o such_o artificial_o as_o they_o make_v there_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o these_o two_o fraternity_n of_o marting-merchant_n be_v utter_o destroy_v &_o consume_v for_o that_o they_o be_v notable_a at_o length_n to_o live_v by_o their_o art_n and_o labour_n these_o foresaid_a merchant_n devise_v and_o cause_v the_o like_a artificial_o as_o the_o say_a artificer_n make_v in_o england_n to_o be_v make_v in_o foreign_a country_n and_o be_v by_o they_o bring_v and_o transport_v into_o england_n and_o sell_v better_a cheap_a somewhat_o &_o low_o price_v then_o those_o of_o english_a make_v may_v be_v aford_v through_o which_o occasion_n the_o english_a artificer_n in_o continuance_n be_v wear_v out_o because_o none_o be_v bring_v up_o under_o other_o to_o follow_v their_o say_a art_n &_o workmanship_n that_o they_o exercise_v forsomuch_o as_o they_o perceive_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o live_v by_o such_o kind_n of_o labour_n in_o time_n to_o come_v because_o the_o foreign_a workmanship_n be_v more_o regard_v and_o soon_o buy_v than_o they_o partly_o also_o they_o have_v be_v the_o destruction_n decay_n and_o ruin_n of_o the_o say_a town_n by_o take_v away_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o staple_n from_o the_o say_a town_n for_o the_o utterance_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o all_o the_o time_n traffic_n staple_n town_n always_o within_o england_n make_v the_o realm_n full_a of_o traffic_n from_o edward_n the_o three_o to_o the_o end_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o be_v keep_v in_o good_a town_n of_o england_n or_o at_o least_o ship_v from_o they_o when_o the_o staple_n be_v keep_v at_o calais_n by_o the_o occasion_n whereof_o there_o be_v so_o great_a resort_n of_o people_n unto_o the_o say_a town_n that_o thereby_o they_o be_v enrich_v and_o daily_o prosper_v and_o flourish_v wheresince_o for_o lack_v of_o like_a resort_n and_o traffic_n and_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o foresay_a artificer_n they_o be_v altogethers_o ruinous_a and_o decay_a and_o never_o like_v to_o be_v restore_v so_o long_o as_o these_o merchant_n enjoy_v their_o usurp_a liberty_n moreover_o since_o these_o two_o society_n of_o english_a merchant_n usurp_v unto_o they_o the_o private_a exportation_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n bullion_n the_o hindrance_n of_o bring_v in_o of_o bullion_n the_o liberal_a usual_a and_o daily_o bring_v in_o of_o bullion_n into_o the_o realm_n by_o foreign_a merchant_n out_o of_o all_o foreign_a realm_n to_o buy_v the_o commodity_n of_o england_n have_v decay_v and_o cease_v and_o severe_a and_o great_a punishment_n and_o penalty_n be_v provide_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o such_o foreign_a realm_n against_o all_o they_o which_o shall_v attempt_v the_o convey_v of_o any_o such_o thing_n out_o of_o their_o realm_n into_o england_n where_o in_o time_n pass_v they_o most_o glad_o suffer_v and_o concent_v unto_o it_o for_o that_o it_o be_v open_o know_v to_o all_o prince_n and_o ruler_n of_o commonwealth_n in_o christendom_n that_o what_o kind_n of_o merchant_n soever_o england_n staples_n ever_o keep_v within_o england_n resort_v into_o england_n to_o the_o staple-towne_n for_o the_o and_o carry_v away_o of_o the_o commodity_n &_o merchandise_n thereof_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n and_o order_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o pay_v for_o they_o at_o the_o say_a staple_n in_o ready_a gold_n and_o silver_n afore_o their_o departure_n from_o thence_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o diverse_a act_n make_v in_o diverse_a king_n day_n from_o edward_n the_o three_o unto_o the_o end_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o and_o therefore_o at_o that_o time_n be_v all_o prince_n well_o content_v to_o suffer_v their_o merchant_n to_o carry_v their_o coin_n and_o bullion_n into_o england_n which_o manner_n of_o traffic_n continue_v between_o england_n and_o all_o other_o realm_n till_o that_o these_o merchant_n become_v to_o be_v a_o private_a society_n and_o so_o within_o a_o while_n after_o compound_v &_o agree_v with_o the_o merchant_n of_o holland_n zealand_n brabant_n flanders_n and_o other_o country_n thereabouts_o which_o be_v the_o buyer_n of_o the_o staple-ware_n to_o receive_v their_o money_n for_o such_o staple-ware_n as_o the_o say_v stapler_n sell_v they_o at_o calais_n in_o flemish_a money_n at_o the_o mart_a town_n of_o their_o own_o country_n rate_v set_v and_o value_v the_o english_a pound_n at_o a_o certain_a stint_a price_n of_o flemish_a money_n for_o ever_o thereafter_o to_o be_v pay_v unto_o they_o after_o the_o say_a price_n which_o be_v a_o drift_n drive_v of_o the_o say_v stapler_n of_o england_n to_o bring_v to_o pass_v this_o exchange_v traffic_n to_o the_o intent_n they_o may_v make_v the_o return_n of_o their_o money_n from_o thence_o into_o england_n by_o merchandise_v exchange_n whereby_o they_o make_v a_o reckon_n much_o more_o to_o their_o private_a gain_n and_o lucre_n then_o to_o be_v pay_v in_o ready_a money_n at_o the_o staple_n of_o calais_n or_o any_o place_n of_o england_n according_a to_o the_o old_a custom_n although_o that_o manner_n of_o payment_n be_v much_o more_o beneficial_a and_o commodious_a for_o the_o common_a wealth_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n which_o they_o pass_v not_o upon_o neither_o yet_o do_v so_o they_o may_v gain_v and_o get_v money_n and_o thus_o the_o fair_a lady_n merchandise_v exchange_n entice_v and_o allure_v the_o merchant_n adventurer_n of_o england_n england_n staple_n call_v mart_n town_n a_o deceptio_fw-la visus_fw-la to_o turn_v all_o traffic_n beyond_o sea_n to_o the_o ruin_n of_o england_n to_o procure_v themselves_o in_o fraternity_n and_o to_o seek_v mean_n to_o plant_v their_o mart_a town_n in_o a_o foreign_a realm_n and_o country_n for_o the_o utterance_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n because_o they_o may_v make_v their_o return_n and_o employment_n from_o thence_o into_o englang_n by_o the_o reckon_n of_o money_n currant_n in_o the_o say_v merchandise_v exchange_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n cease_v and_o end_v the_o frank_a and_o free_a bring_v in_o of_o money_n &_o bullion_n into_o england_n by_o foreign_a and_o strange_a merchant_n after_o the_o english_a merchant_n have_v nussele_v themselves_o in_o the_o mart_a town_n beyond_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o now_o a_o day_n no_o money_n or_o bullion_n be_v bring_v into_o england_n by_o merchant_n but_o secret_o and_o as_o it_o be_v by_o stealth_n and_o for_o the_o respect_n of_o private_a gain_n and_o profit_n which_o they_o find_v thereby_o after_o the_o reckon_n they_o make_v thereof_o by_o currantnes_n of_o money_n in_o their_o merchandise_v exchange_n item_n when_o it_o please_v that_o famous_a prince_n eight_o henry_n the_o eight_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o upon_o good_a consideration_n and_o purpose_n and_o for_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o his_o people_n and_o common_a wealth_n to_o augment_v and_o increase_v the_o valuation_n and_o price_n of_o his_o coin_n and_o money_n throughout_o all_o his_o realm_n within_o a_o little_a process_n and_o countinuance_n of_o time_n after_o it_o chance_v by_o the_o malice_n and_o wickedness_n of_o man_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o corrupt_a and_o drossy_a coin_n of_o money_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n out_o of_o foreign_a country_n by_o the_o ministry_n of_o merchant_n as_o it_o have_v be_v suppose_v think_v and_o gather_v by_o certain_a cercumstance_n which_o money_n be_v currant_n as_o well_o as_o the_o true_a and_o lawful_a money_n among_o all_o manner_n of_o person_n within_o the_o realm_n by_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o likeness_n of_o the_o fashion_n and_o form_n that_o it_o have_v with_o the_o true_a and_o lawful_a money_n cause_v many_o inconvenience_n to_o rise_v thereby_o at_o length_n to_o the_o whole_a common_a wealth_n for_o such_o a_o marvellous_a desire_n and_o hastynes_n enter_v into_o all_o kind_n of_o occupier_n by_o the_o loathsomeness_n and_o hatred_n they_o conceive_v of_o the_o say_a dross_n coin_n to_o bestow_v it_o
upon_o one_o thing_n or_o other_o that_o thereupon_o begin_v to_o grow_v some_o disorder_n of_o price_n in_o all_o ware_n and_o commodity_n sell_v in_o this_o kingdom_n which_o be_v first_o perceive_v by_o the_o grave_n and_o fatherly_a governor_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o bless_a king_n edward_n the_o sixth_o they_o consult_v together_o for_o the_o devise_v of_o some_o way_n to_o be_v take_v to_o avoid_v the_o say_a disorder_n so_o begin_v and_o spring_v and_o the_o best_a mean_n for_o that_o purpose_n be_v think_v by_o their_o wisdom_n to_o be_v the_o diminish_v of_o all_o the_o white_a currant_n coin_n and_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n intend_v by_o that_o mean_n at_o the_o length_n to_o have_v utter_o banish_v from_o thence_o all_o such_o counterfeit_a coin_n take_v leisure_n withal_o study_v &_o care_n to_o do_v it_o with_o as_o much_o ease_n and_o as_o little_a loss_n to_o every_o state_n &_o condition_n as_o can_v be_v devise_v but_o before_o this_o their_o godly_a and_o most_o laudable_a purpose_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o effect_v when_o it_o be_v yet_o but_o in_o talk_n and_o consultation_n and_o only_o a_o rumour_n bruit_v and_o spread_v abroad_o that_o such_o a_o decry_v of_o money_n shall_v be_v the_o merchant_n adventurer_n prepare_v withal_o speed_v possible_a good_a the_o merchant_n adventurer_n private_a shift_n to_o prevent_v the_o prince_n purpose_n for_o the_o common_a good_a armour_n and_o defence_n against_o the_o loss_n which_o they_o fear_v their_o state_n shall_v fall_v into_o thereby_o when_o indeed_o every_o person_n of_o the_o realm_n aught_o to_o have_v bear_v with_o a_o very_a good_a will_v the_o say_a loss_n for_o the_o redress_v of_o the_o say_a disorder_n so_o spring_v up_o in_o the_o realm_n in_o the_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n buy_v and_o sell_v between_o party_n and_o party_n according_a as_o the_o prudent_a and_o wise_a counsellor_n of_o the_o king_n majesty_n have_v devise_v and_o purpose_v to_o have_v bring_v to_o pass_v and_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o all_o state_n of_o the_o ☞_o realm_n will_v have_v yield_v unto_o if_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n have_v be_v destitute_a of_o their_o exchange_n but_o greedy_a lucre_n and_o private_a gain_n can_v not_o suffer_v their_o covetous_a heart_n to_o bear_v any_o little_a loss_n at_o that_o present_a though_o it_o shall_v in_o the_o end_n have_v turn_v to_o the_o common_a benefit_n of_o all_o the_o realm_n and_o so_o forsooth_o without_o further_a help_n they_o use_v the_o policy_n of_o merchandise_v exchange_n their_o practice_n wherein_o be_v as_o it_o be_v to_o disualue_n and_o decry_v the_o price_n of_o the_o english_a pound_n in_o currant_n money_n by_o the_o same_o exchange_n for_o the_o pass_n of_o money_n thereby_o between_o england_n and_o their_o marting-towne_n which_o pound_n have_v be_v currant_n among_o they_o two_o and_o fro_o in_o the_o say_a exchange_n until_o that_o time_n between_o 26_o sh_n and_o 30_o sh_n flemish_a but_o then_o sudden_o they_o decry_v and_o disualued_a it_o to_o 16._o and_o 17_o sh_n flemish_n and_o at_o length_n to_o 13_o sh_n flemish_a before_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o coin_n be_v proclaim_v by_o the_o which_o occasion_n the_o price_n of_o all_o foreign_a ware_n and_o merchandize_n rise_v excessive_o in_o england_n as_o of_o necessity_n they_o must_v for_o the_o less_o flemish_a money_n be_v allow_v for_o the_o english_a pound_n at_o the_o marting-towne_n at_o the_o other_o side_n the_o sea_n in_o their_o fouresayd_a exchange_n the_o dear_a and_o the_o high_a price_n must_v all_o that_o country_n ware_n bear_v buy_v there_o to_o be_v transport_v into_o england_n which_o for_o the_o respect_n of_o the_o base_a price_n of_o th'english_fw-fr money_n must_v needs_o be_v sell_v after_o the_o like_a rate_n in_o england_n for_o whereas_o before_o until_o that_o time_n the_o english_a pound_n have_v be_v worth_a at_o the_o say_a marting-towne_n at_o least_o 26._o ss_z flemish_a then_o by_o this_o abase_v of_o the_o exchange_n 26._o ss_z flemish_n be_v bring_v to_o be_v worth_a at_o the_o end_n 40._o ss_z english_a because_o the_o say_a english_a pound_n be_v no_o more_o in_o value_n but_o 13._o ss_z flemish_a in_o their_o merchandise_v exchange_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o thing_n that_o cost_v but_o 13_o sh_n flemish_a be_v sell_v between_o 20_o and_o 26._o ss_z english_a in_o england_n which_o manner_n of_o sales_n must_v needs_o cause_v all_o manner_n of_o flemish_a ware_n to_o bear_v excessive_a and_o inordinate_a price_n there_o which_o immoderate_a price_n of_o strange_a and_o foreign_a ware_n be_v sufficient_a cause_n to_o be_v allege_v why_o all_o the_o commodity_n of_o england_n do_v first_o arise_v to_o such_o price_n as_o they_o do_v still_o bear_v even_o at_o this_o day_n because_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o the_o say_v flanders_n ware_n be_v bring_v thither_o and_o be_v in_o so_o great_a use_n so_o much_o buy_v and_o spend_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o sort_n of_o person_n in_o england_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o say_v flemish_a ware_n be_v not_o the_o next_o and_o principal_a cause_n that_o the_o english_a commodity_n do_v so_o rise_v and_o exceed_v in_o price_n but_o rather_o the_o two_o company_n of_o english_a merchant_n the_o stapler_n &_o adventurer_n for_o they_o make_v so_o gainful_a reckon_n at_o their_o marting-towne_n by_o return_v home_o their_o money_n by_o merchandise_v exchange_n that_o they_o pass_v not_o what_o price_n they_o give_v and_o pay_v for_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o england_n for_o the_o stapler_n make_v above_o 28._o ss_z flemish_n of_o every_o pound_n english_a they_o sell_v their_o ware_n and_o merchandize_v ☞_o for_o by_o a_o old_a composition_n take_v between_o they_o and_o the_o merchant_n of_o those_o part_n by_o the_o which_o manner_n of_o reckon_n they_o get_v above_o 60._o in_o the_o hundred_o in_o england_n the_o like_a reckon_n make_v the_o merchant_n adventurer_n by_o the_o sale_n of_o their_o commodity_n although_o their_o gain_n be_v not_o so_o certain_a because_o they_o have_v no_o such_o composition_n with_o the_o merchant_n of_o those_o part_n as_o the_o stapler_n have_v yet_o sell_v they_o after_o such_o rate_n that_o they_o make_v of_o every_o english_a pound_n between_o 26._o and_o 28_o shilling_n flemish_n all_o the_o while_n the_o exchange_n come_v from_o thence_o year_n admirable_a usury_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o 400._o pound_n or_o 500_o pound_n make_v of_o 100_o pound_n in_o one_o year_n between_o 16._o and_o 18_o sh_n for_o the_o english_a pound_n and_o so_o amount_v their_o gain_n to_o above_o 50._o and_o 60._o in_o the_o 100_o for_o a_o month_n space_n or_o at_o the_o most_o for_o the_o space_n of_o one_o mart_n make_v and_o return_v home_o their_o money_n by_o their_o exchange_n during_o the_o time_n of_o which_o exchange_n there_o be_v such_o a_o speedy_a and_o quick_a traffic_n between_o england_n and_o the_o marting-towne_n and_o all_o for_o the_o love_n of_o this_o lucre_n &_o great_a gain_n that_o no_o commodity_n in_o england_n transportable_a for_o those_o part_n can_v lie_v by_o they_o unbought_a and_o this_o mean_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o two_o company_n of_o merchant_n in_o follow_v the_o traffic_n &_o merchandise_v exchange_n be_v the_o principal_a cause_n why_o both_o foreign_a ware_n and_o english_a grow_v to_o such_o excessive_a price_n in_o england_n for_o when_o all_o other_o sort_n and_o condition_n of_o person_n of_o the_o realm_n perceive_v that_o the_o better_n and_o amend_v of_o the_o ☞_o coin_n of_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v nothing_o esteem_v among_o the_o merchant_n but_o rather_o less_o regard_v as_o though_o it_o have_v be_v less_o in_o value_n than_o it_o be_v before_o forsomuch_o as_o they_o daily_o increase_v the_o price_n of_o the_o ware_n they_o bring_v from_o the_o marting-towne_n to_o be_v sell_v in_o england_n all_o other_o state_n likewise_o begin_v to_o pass_v and_o set_v nothing_o by_o it_o and_o so_o rather_o covit_v to_o bestow_v it_o rash_o and_o unaduised_o in_o one_o thing_n or_o other_o what_o price_n so_o ever_o thing_n do_v bear_v then_o discreet_o and_o wary_o to_o foresee_v and_o look_v aforehand_o how_o they_o may_v bestow_v it_o for_o the_o bring_n down_o of_o the_o immoderate_a price_n that_o everything_n be_v grow_v unto_o because_o they_o be_v persuade_v that_o the_o say_v english_a coin_n be_v no_o more_o worth_n than_o the_o exchange_v merchant_n value_v it_o at_o in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o clothier_n which_o come_v to_o blackwellhall_n set_v their_o pices_fw-la on_o their_o clothes_n according_a ☞_o as_o they_o learn_v of_o the_o merchant_n the_o price_n of_o money_n come_v from_o the_o marting-towne_n in_o their_o merchandise_v exchange_n into_o england_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o valuation_n thereof_o
reasonable_a price_n than_o they_o shall_v lose_v by_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o coin_n for_o the_o cause_n be_v take_v away_o of_o those_o excessive_a price_n which_o be_v as_o all_o man_n say_v the_o drossy_a and_o base_a coin_n and_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o effect_n which_o proceed_v thereof_o must_v needs_o also_o have_v cease_v and_o vanish_v away_o but_o see_v it_o have_v not_o so_o come_v to_o pass_v man_n must_v needs_o say_v and_o confess_v that_o some_o other_o subtlety_n and_o policy_n beside_o the_o foresay_a drossy_a coin_n exchange_n merchandise_v exchange_n have_v cause_v this_o inordinate_a price_n which_o be_v merchandise_v exchange_n practise_v by_o merchant_n adventurer_n as_o be_v heretofore_o prove_v item_n the_o same_o practise_v of_o merchandise_v exchange_n be_v the_o mean_n whereby_o all_o thing_n do_v continue_v dear_a and_o at_o high_a price_n still_o in_o england_n for_o like_a as_o be_v before_o declare_v the_o merchant_n adventurer_n for_o their_o own_o private_a lucre_n &_o gain_n by_o the_o policy_n thereof_o cause_v all_o thing_n in_o the_o realm_n to_o rise_v to_o immoderate_a and_o excessive_a price_n alter_v the_o valuation_n of_o the_o english_a pound_n without_o reason_n or_o equity_n by_o disualue_v and_o bring_v down_o the_o price_n thereof_o far_o under_o the_o value_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v have_v in_o the_o say_a exchange_n which_o policy_n they_o invent_v at_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o money_n to_o prevent_v the_o loss_n their_o state_n and_o company_n shall_v have_v receive_v thereby_o so_o after_o the_o fall_n be_v proclaim_v in_o england_n for_o the_o love_n of_o the_o like_a private_a gain_n and_o lucre_n which_o they_o have_v taste_v of_o so_o sweet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n ever_o since_o they_o have_v keep_v the_o price_n under_o the_o sum_n of_o money_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v worth_a in_o the_o same_o exchange_n and_o thus_o pass_v and_o return_v their_o money_n into_o england_n unjust_o and_o without_o equity_n they_o stay_v all_o manner_n of_o ware_n and_o commodity_n at_o the_o unreasonable_a and_o excessive_a price_n they_o first_o bring_v they_o to_o or_o rather_o do_v raise_v they_o high_o for_o never_o since_o the_o queen_n majesty_n reduce_v all_o the_o corrupt_a coin_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o pure_a and_o fine_a silver_n the_o price_n of_o the_o english_a pound_n have_v come_v from_o the_o marting-towne_n into_o england_n above_o 22._o ss_z 2._o penny_n flemish_n at_o usance_n by_o the_o say_a exchange_n where_o before_o till_o the_o first_o fall_n be_v noise_v in_o england_n the_o coin_n be_v most_o drossy_a and_o corrupt_a the_o price_n of_o the_o say_a pound_n come_v from_o thence_o between_o 26._o and_o 28._o ss_z flemish_n to_o the_o which_o price_n the_o say_a merchant_n shall_v do_v their_o endeavour_n to_o bring_v it_o again_o rather_o than_o as_o they_o do_v keep_v it_o at_o so_o vile_a a_o price_n and_o far_o under_o the_o price_n that_o it_o be_v esteem_v and_o value_v to_o be_v worth_a in_o value_a money_n of_o that_o country_n set_v forth_o by_o the_o prince_n thereof_o forasmuch_o as_o all_o the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n country_n mark_v well_o the_o use_n and_o advantage_n which_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n make_v of_o their_o special_a mart_n town_n beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o good_a of_o their_o country_n be_v now_o so_o fine_a and_o pure_a but_o greedy_a lucre_n have_v no_o reason_n which_o cause_v that_o both_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n of_o england_n and_o also_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o marting-towne_n do_v as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o conspiracy_n between_o they_o keep_v the_o value_n of_o the_o english_a pound_n at_o so_o unjust_a and_o vile_a price_n in_o their_o merchandise_v exchange_n for_o by_o reason_n thereof_o do_v the_o merchant_n of_o those_o part_n sell_v there_o ware_n to_o english_a merchant_n for_o marvellous_a much_o more_o gain_n than_o ever_o they_o do_v before_o and_o buy_v the_o commodity_n of_o england_n again_o of_o they_o as_o good_a cheap_a as_o ever_o they_o do_v at_o any_o time_n before_o likewise_o the_o say_a merchant_n of_o england_n gain_n and_o get_v much_o more_o than_o every_o they_o do_v whether_o they_o make_v employment_n of_o their_o money_n home_o in_o ware_n or_o in_o money_n by_o exchange_n from_o the_o marting-towne_n therefore_o it_o appear_v that_o as_o this_o base_a vile_a and_o low_a price_n of_o the_o english_a pound_n in_o their_o merchandise_v exchange_n do_v raise_v at_o the_o first_o all_o manner_n of_o ware_n and_o commodity_n to_o immoderate_a &_o excessive_a price_n in_o england_n so_o by_o the_o same_o merchant_n have_v gather_v so_o sweet_a and_o pleasant_a gain_n do_v they_o stay_v and_o keep_v they_o at_o those_o say_v immoderate_a and_o excessive_a price_n from_o the_o which_o there_o will_v no_o way_n be_v find_v to_o remove_v they_o so_o long_o as_o the_o merchant_n may_v liberal_o at_o their_o pleasure_n under-price_n the_o queen_n majesty_n coin_n of_o england_n in_o their_o exchange_n and_o so_o trade_n and_o traffic_n therewith_o between_o england_n and_o the_o say_a marting-towne_n because_o of_o the_o great_a commodity_n gain_n and_o profit_v the_o merchant_n of_o both_o country_n receive_v by_o the_o same_o moreover_o the_o queen_n majesty_n of_o england_n receive_v great_a loss_n and_o damage_n at_o the_o merchant_n hand_n by_o take_v or_o provide_v money_n of_o they_o by_o this_o their_o merchandise_v exchange_n according_a as_o they_o practise_v it_o now_o a_o day_n for_o where_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n and_o stapler_n of_o england_n esteem_v the_o english_a pound_n in_o their_o merchandise_v exchange_n not_o above_o 22._o ss_z 6._o penny_n flemish_n from_o london_n to_o antwerp_n at_o usance_n yet_o be_v not_o that_o the_o true_a and_o just_a valuation_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v in_o currant_n money_n of_o the_o say_a exchange_n forsomuch_o as_o by_o the_o public_a valuation_n of_o that_o country_n money_n proclaim_v by_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o prince_n anno_fw-la 1559._o the_o english_a pound_n of_o money_n be_v esteem_v to_o be_v worth_a of_o the_o same_o value_a money_n 22._o ss_z 6._o penny_n flemish_n at_o least_o which_o value_v money_n be_v better_a by_o 6._o penny_n and_o 12._o penny_n in_o a_o pound_n than_o the_o currant_n money_n by_o exchange_n so_o then_o when_o one_o deliver_v money_n in_o london_n by_o merchandise_v exchange_n to_o be_v pay_v again_o at_o antwerp_n at_o sight_n he_o ought_v to_o receive_v there_o for_o his_o english_a pound_n of_o money_n at_o the_o least_o 23._o ss_z flemish_a of_o this_o exchange_v money_n and_o after_o the_o order_n of_o merchant_n in_o the_o say_a exchange_n if_o it_o be_v deliver_v for_o usance_n he_o ought_v to_o receive_v 23._o sh_z 6._o penny_n flemish_n neither_o can_v the_o merchant_n give_v any_o good_a reason_n why_o the_o price_n of_o the_o english_a pound_n in_o their_o exchange_n shall_v be_v esteem_v at_o this_o day_n but_o at_o 22_o sh_n 6._o penny_n see_v it_o be_v no_o less_o worth_n in_o the_o value_a money_n of_o the_o say_a country_n for_o after_o their_o old_a order_n of_o their_o exchange_n when_o the_o english_a pound_n be_v value_v in_o those_o party_n to_o be_v worth_a 26_o sh_n 8._o penny_n flemish_n of_o the_o prince_n money_n the_o say_a pound_n in_o currunt_fw-la money_n of_o that_o exchange_n be_v worth_a 28_o sh_n so_o that_o than_o their_o be_v 4._o groat_n of_o exchange_v money_n allow_v more_o to_o the_o english_a pound_n at_o the_o least_o then_o of_o value_a money_n yea_o most_o common_o it_o come_v from_o thence_o into_o england_n by_o their_o exchange_n at_o 30_o sh_n flemish_a and_o sometime_o at_o 34_o sh_n of_o the_o say_a money_n &_o from_o hence_o it_o go_v at_o a_o more_o and_o high_a price_n in_o their_o say_a exchange_n therefore_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o price_n of_o money_n then_o and_o now_o at_o this_o day_n the_o price_n of_o the_o english_a pound_n from_o hence_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v under_o 23_o sh_n 10._o penny_n &_o from_o hence_o at_o 24_o sh_n 4._o penny_n for_o from_o hence_o by_o the_o order_n of_o exchange_n unto_o the_o marting-towne_n the_o price_n of_o the_o say_a pound_n be_v high_a and_o more_o worth_a then_o from_o thence_o hither_o common_o by_o 6._o penny_n flemish_n wherefore_o if_o truth_n and_o equity_n be_v use_v in_o this_o merchandise_v exchange_n or_o if_o the_o foresay_a english_a merchant_n frequent_v the_o marting-towne_n beyond_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o preferment_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n of_o their_o country_n and_o not_o rather_o altogether_o ☞_o for_o their_o own_o private_a gain_n and_o lucre_n they_o will_v never_o maintain_v this_o piratical_a exchange_n that_o they_o practise_v now_o a_o day_n esteem_v the_o english_a pound_n to_o be_v less_o worth_a of_o
their_o exchange_v money_n than_o the_o prince_n allow_v it_o to_o be_v worth_a of_o his_o value_a money_n which_o be_v never_o see_v before_o these_o day_n for_o see_v their_o exchange_v money_n be_v worse_a by_o 6._o penny_n &_o 12._o penny_n in_o a_o pound_n than_o the_o prince_n value_v money_n why_o shall_v not_o more_o thereof_o be_v give_v and_o allow_v for_o the_o english_a pound_n then_o of_o value_a money_n according_a as_o it_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o be_v ever_o here_o before_o when_o the_o prince_n of_o that_o country_n allow_v 26_o sh_n 8._o penny_n of_o his_o value_a money_n for_o the_o english_a pound_n therefore_o that_o the_o queen_n majesty_n may_v be_v exonerate_v of_o so_o great_a loss_n when_o her_o affair_n do_v require_v the_o foresay_a mean_n to_o provide_v money_n and_o to_o the_o end_n some_o way_n of_o reformation_n may_v also_o be_v provide_v for_o the_o redress_v of_o the_o excessive_a price_n that_o special_o all_o foreign_a ware_n be_v sell_v for_o in_o england_n the_o foresay_a merchant_n stapler_n and_o adventurer_n will_v be_v by_o some_o order_n compel_v to_o bring_v the_o english_a pound_n to_o this_o aforesaid_a just_a price_n &_o valuation_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v in_o their_o unjust_a and_o poll_n exchange_n &_o then_o shall_v they_o bring_v the_o sales_n of_o their_o commodity_n at_o the_o mart_a town_n to_o be_v sell_v at_o 26._o and_o 27._o ss_z flemish_a and_o upward_o for_o the_o english_a pound_n for_o the_o sales_n of_o their_o ware_n must_v be_v 2_o sh_n in_o a_o pound_n above_o the_o price_n it_o have_v in_o their_o merchandise_v exchange_n or_o else_o shall_v they_o make_v no_o reckon_n to_o live_v by_o and_o so_o after_o this_o reckon_n raise_v the_o price_n of_o their_o exchange_n shall_v they_o be_v able_a to_o sell_v in_o england_n and_o afford_v all_o foreign_a commodity_n 25._o in_o the_o hundred_o better_a cheap_a and_o under_o the_o price_n they_o sell_v they_o now_o a_o day_n which_o reckon_v shall_v induce_v some_o manner_n of_o reformation_n in_o the_o disordinate_a price_n which_o all_o ware_n bear_v at_o this_o day_n to_o the_o great_a ease_n of_o all_o the_o common_a wealth_n after_o the_o same_o sort_n when_o the_o say_v marting-merchant_n venture_v into_o spain_n although_o they_o can_v devise_v no_o such_o way_n and_o mean_n to_o practice_v their_o exchange_n thither_o as_o they_o do_v to_o there_o marting-towne_n yet_o by_o the_o example_n thereof_o they_o occupy_v in_o that_o country_n as_o subtle_a practice_n and_o as_o injurious_a and_o hurtful_a to_o the_o common_a wealth_n of_o their_o country_n as_o their_o exchange_n for_o when_o they_o bestow_v xx_o noble_n in_o the_o commodity_n of_o england_n to_o be_v transport_v into_o spain_n at_o the_o come_n thither_o withal_o they_o make_v not_o their_o reckon_n to_o sell_v their_o ware_n to_o make_v their_o english_a money_n good_a again_o in_o spanish_a money_n that_o be_v to_o make_v of_o every_o english_a noble_a 15._o rial_n of_o plate_n and_o of_o every_o 5_o sh_n english_a 11._o rial_n or_o a_o single_a ducat_n of_o spain_n which_o be_v to_o make_v of_o every_o pound_n worth_a of_o english_a ware_n 4._o ducat_n in_o spanish_a money_n but_o they_o make_v their_o reckon_n to_o sell_v their_o ware_n there_o as_o the_o ducat_n be_v value_v in_o england_n when_o the_o coin_n and_o money_n of_o england_n be_v most_o base_a and_o drossy_a after_o the_o reckon_n they_o make_v of_o a_o english_a noble_a but._n 11._o rial_n or_o a_o single_a ducat_n in_o spain_n so_o where_o they_o shall_v sell_v the_o 20._o nobles_z english_z for_o 26._o or_o 27._o ducat_n spanish_n if_o they_o be_v profitable_a merchant_n for_o their_o country_n with_o some_o gain_n towards_o their_o charge_n they_o content_v themselves_o now_o a_o day_n rather_o than_o fail_v to_o make_v of_o the_o 20._o nobles_z english_z but_o 20._o ducat_n spanish_n and_o so_o turn_v the_o matter_n clean_o contrary_a devise_v aforehand_o at_o their_o return_v home_o into_o england_n to_o make_v by_o the_o sales_n of_o such_o spanish_a ware_n as_o they_o bring_v into_o england_n not_o only_o 20._o nobles_z english_z of_o 20._o ducat_n spanish_n but_o within_o these_o few_o year_n they_o have_v price_v spanish_a ware_n after_o such_o sort_n that_o they_o have_v ☞_o make_v of_o every_o spanish_a single_a ducat_n between_o 8._o and_o 10_o sh_n english_a which_o unreasonable_a reckon_n they_o be_v most_o diligent_a to_o make_v when_o the_o english_a pound_n be_v most_o vile_o price_v in_o their_o merchandise_v exchange_n and_o that_o be_v always_o at_o such_o time_n as_o when_o either_o the_o queen_n majesty_n that_o now_o be_v or_o any_o of_o she_o ☞_o prodecessor_n be_v most_o studious_a by_o the_o abolish_n of_o the_o say_v drossy_a and_o base_a coin_n then_o currant_n to_o have_v bring_v down_o the_o excessive_a price_n by_o their_o subtlety_n raise_v upon_o all_o thing_n in_o england_n for_o at_o such_o time_n the_o say_v mart_a merchant_n have_v always_o think_v best_a and_o most_o fit_a to_o take_v occasion_n to_o raise_v and_o enhance_v the_o price_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o thing_n in_o their_o own_o country_n to_o the_o intent_n thereby_o to_o decline_v and_o avoid_v the_o loss_n that_o shall_v be_v bear_v by_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o coin_n &_o money_n and_o therewithal_o do_v they_o venture_v most_o busy_o their_o own_o country_n commodity_n into_o spain_n in_o great_a number_n than_o ever_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v before_o and_o all_o because_o of_o this_o new_a manner_n of_o reckon_n to_o make_v of_o every_o spanish_a ducat_n 8._o or_o 10_o sh_n english_a in_o the_o sales_n of_o those_o country_n ware_n through_o which_o occasion_n they_o have_v also_o raise_v the_o commodity_n of_o that_o country_n to_o double_a and_o treble_a the_o price_n that_o ever_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v sell_v for_o in_o spain_n insomuch_o that_o the_o wise_a and_o discreet_a man_n of_o that_o country_n wish_v that_o the_o mart_a merchant_n may_v be_v keep_v from_o the_o trade_n of_o that_o country_n two_o or_o three_o year_n together_o note_n note_n for_o than_o they_o say_v that_o the_o wine_n of_o those_o part_n will_v not_o be_v much_o more_o worth_a than_o the_o cask_n they_o be_v put_v in_o and_o so_o likewise_o of_o oil_n and_o other_o commodity_n thereof_o which_o now_o be_v unreasonable_a dear_n and_o yet_o do_v they_o sell_v their_o own_o country_n commodity_n in_o that_o country_n not_o only_o as_o base_o and_o low_o price_v as_o ever_o they_o do_v note_n note_n but_o also_o have_v bring_v they_o to_o be_v in_o no_o regard_n or_o estimation_n throughout_o all_o the_o country_n where_o they_o have_v bring_v all_o those_o country_n ware_n to_o be_v sell_v in_o england_n for_o thrice_o as_o much_o as_o a_o foretimes_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v sell_v in_o england_n which_o be_v unreasonable_a and_o excessive_a price_n yet_o can_v they_o not_o well_o sell_v they_o under_o those_o price_n to_o be_v any_o gainer_n they_o lose_v so_o much_o in_o the_o sales_n of_o their_o own_o commodity_n which_o they_o sell_v in_o those_o part_n although_o they_o need_v not_o to_o do_v so_o if_o they_o keep_v any_o merchant-like_a order_n in_o the_o transport_v of_o their_o commodity_n into_o those_o part_n and_o in_o the_o sales_n thereof_o at_o their_o come_n thither_o as_o other_o merchant_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v do_v in_o time_n past_a when_o they_o make_v ever_o reckon_v to_o make_v in_o the_o sales_n of_o their_o commodity_n in_o that_o country_n 15._o rial_n of_o plate_n of_o every_o english_a noble_n worth_n of_o ware_n they_o bring_v thither_o which_o gain_n be_v sufficient_a towards_o the_o charge_n so_o may_v wise_a and_o discreet_a merchant_n do_v now_o at_o this_o day_n as_o well_o as_o they_o which_o be_v wise_a in_o time_n past_a do_v for_o the_o commodity_n of_o england_n be_v as_o necessary_a and_o commodious_a for_o the_o country_n at_o this_o day_n as_o ever_o they_o be_v before_o and_o therefore_o will_v they_o give_v for_o they_o 1565._o they_o this_o treatise_n be_v write_v about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o colloquy_n of_o bruges_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o aunis_fw-la 1564._o et_fw-la 1565._o as_o much_o money_n as_o ever_o they_o do_v whereof_o i_o poor_a and_o plain_a writer_n of_o this_o treatise_n have_v have_v good_a experience_n even_o in_o these_o day_n a_o abridgement_n of_o the_o special_a inconvenience_n to_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n handle_v in_o the_o foresay_a ten_o chapter_n first_o that_o from_o transport_v of_o the_o store_n and_o translate_n of_o the_o staple_n sometime_o hold_v at_o calais_n and_o other_o good_a town_n in_o england_n to_o private_a mart-towne_n in_o foreign_a country_n have_v proceed_v the_o principal_a occasion_n of_o the_o
ruin_n and_o decay_v of_o most_o of_o the_o port_n haven_n town_n and_o city_n of_o this_o realm_n &_o the_o overthrow_n of_o sundry_a artificer_n and_o trade_n dwell_v within_o they_o most_o necessary_a to_o have_v be_v maintain_v for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o special_a relief_n of_o the_o poor_a second_o that_o merchant_n by_o the_o vnderprice_a of_o the_o coin_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o there_o merchandise_v exchange_n at_o their_o private_a mart-towne_n have_v be_v the_o impediment_n that_o neither_o the_o queen_n majesty_n nor_o her_o predecessor_n can_v bring_v to_o effect_v the_o thing_n which_o they_o go_v about_o by_o reform_v and_o refine_n the_o drossy_a and_o loathsome_a coin_n and_o money_n currant_n in_o the_o realm_n three_o the_o say_a merchant_n by_o the_o practise_n of_o their_o merchandise_v exchange_n be_v the_o original_a cause_n why_o all_o manner_n of_o ware_n merchandize_n and_o commodity_n as_o well_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n as_o of_o all_o other_o foreign_a realm_n rise_v to_o huge_a immoderate_a and_o excessive_a price_n four_o that_o all_o the_o excellent_a and_o necessary_a commodity_n of_o england_n be_v unprofitable_o export_v and_o transport_v into_o foreign_a country_n at_o this_o day_n forsomuch_o as_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o their_o merchandise_v exchange_n they_o be_v better_a cheap_a sell_v abroad_o than_o they_o cost_v in_o england_n to_o the_o great_a disorder_n and_o hindrance_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n five_o the_o queen_n majesty_n be_v great_o defraud_v by_o the_o say_a exchange_n when_o her_o majesty_n affair_n do_v constrain_v she_o to_o provide_v money_n by_o that_o mean_n at_o the_o foresay_a merchant_n hand_n contrary_a to_o the_o truth_n and_o valution_n of_o her_o own_o coin_n and_o so_o likewise_o be_v her_o ambassador_n send_v in_o her_o majesty_n affair_n and_o message_n into_o any_o foreign_a realm_n when_o soever_o they_o have_v need_v to_o provide_v money_n by_o the_o say_a exchange_n six_o by_o the_o practise_n of_o the_o say_a exchange_n all_o manner_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v continual_o convey_v carry_v and_o transport_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o be_v the_o let_v and_o impediment_n why_o neither_o bullion_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n be_v so_o liberal_o and_o free_o bring_v into_o the_o same_o as_o in_o time_n past_o it_o have_v be_v seaventh_o &_o last_o the_o say_a exchange_n cause_v through_o the_o vile_a base_a and_o untrue_a valuation_n the_o foresay_a merchant_n keep_v the_o english_a pound_n at_o in_o their_o foresay_a exchange_n be_v so_o far_o under_o the_o price_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v that_o these_o immoderate_a and_o excessive_a price_n which_o they_o have_v bring_v all_o thing_n to_o be_v sell_v at_o in_o england_n can_v be_v diminish_v bring_v down_o or_o mitigate_v to_o moderate_v reasonable_a and_o indifferent_a price_n a_o general_a conclusion_n this_o treatise_n thus_o end_v have_v for_o warrant_n and_o credit_n these_o four_o circumstance_n probability_n of_o reason_n plain_n of_o style_n special_a experience_n and_o time_n of_o writing_n from_o whence_o this_o conclusion_n be_v draw_v be_v hereunto_o add_v that_o king_n and_o kingdom_n be_v heavenly_a relative_n and_o truth_n have_v say_v it_o that_o the_o desire_n of_o money_n be_v the_o root_n of_o all_o evil_a &_o that_o covetousness_n be_v flat_a idolatry_n which_o stand_v most_o true_a 3.5_o 1._o tim._n 6.15_o coloss_n 3.5_o it_o follow_v by_o consequence_n that_o merchandise_v exchange_n be_v that_o labyrinth_n of_o error_n &_o prinate_a practice_n whereby_o though_o king_n wear_v crown_n &_o seem_v absolute_o to_o reign_v particular_a banker_n private_a society_n of_o merchant_n &_o covetous_a person_n who_o end_n be_v private_a gain_n be_v able_a to_o suspend_v their_o counsel_n &_o control_v their_o policy_n offer_v even_o bounty_n to_o king_n the_o fountain_n of_o goodness_n &_o lend_v money_n to_o sovereign_a state_n and_o emperor_n themselves_o that_o only_o can_v make_v coin_n and_o shall_v have_v to_o give_v large_o and_o lend_v unto_o other_o thus_o make_v king_n to_o be_v subject_n and_o vassal_n to_o be_v king_n such_o have_v be_v the_o strength_n of_o that_o stain_v and_o stay_v of_o piety_n that_o contempt_n of_o justice_n that_o seed_n of_o dissension_n that_o world_n of_o war_n and_o art_n of_o witchcraft_n vsurie_n such_o be_v and_o will_v be_v the_o power_n thereof_o at_o all_o occasion_n till_o king_n and_o counsellor_n take_v their_o own_o charge_n in_o hand_n and_o next_o to_o religion_n that_o sanctify_v all_o relieve_v &_o maintain_v the_o nurse_n of_o justice_n that_o rectify_v all_o to_o wit_n freeborn_a traffic_n i_o mean_v in_o england_n and_o english_a traffic_n in_o magnis_fw-la voluisse_fw-la sit_v est_fw-la sunt_fw-la cetera_fw-la diwm_fw-la
the_o customer_n reply_v or_o second_o apology_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o answer_n to_o a_o confuse_a treatise_n of_o public_a commerce_n print_v and_o disperse_v at_o midlebourghe_n and_o london_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o private_a society_n of_o merchants-adventurers_a by_o a_o more_o serious_a discourse_n of_o exchange_n in_o merchandise_n and_o merchandise_v exchange_n write_a for_o understand_v reader_n only_o in_o favour_n of_o all_o loyal_a merchant_n and_o for_o the_o advance_v of_o traffic_n in_o england_n at_o london_n ¶_o print_a by_o james_n roberts_n dwell_v in_o barbican_n 1604._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o lord_n buckhur_v l._n high_a treasurer_n of_o england_n the_o lord_n henry_n howard_n l._n warden_n of_o the_o cinq-port_n and_o the_o lord_n cecil_n of_o esenden_n principal_a secretary_n of_o estate_n to_o the_o king_n majesty_n and_o of_o his_o highness_n most_o honourable_a privie-counsell_n the_o number_n be_v but_o small_a at_o least_o not_o very_o great_a of_o man_n so_o senseless_a or_o weak_a of_o judgement_n but_o general_a inconvenience_n they_o ready_o see_v and_o can_v easy_o discern_v notwithstanding_o to_o find_v out_o the_o ground_n of_o public_a harm_n and_o the_o mean_n how_o to_o cure_v they_o be_v a_o study_n so_o intricate_a &_o a_o practice_n so_o dangerous_a that_o wary_a man_n hold_v it_o safe_a to_o provide_v for_o private_a ease_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o time_n then_o to_o busy_v their_o wit_n for_o any_o common-good_a but_o how_o advise_v soever_o and_o respective_o wise_a in_o this_o kind_n the_o most_o sort_n seem_v to_o be_v as_o wish_v only_o that_o all_o may_v go_v well_o though_o not_o long_o of_o themselves_o few_o or_o none_o be_v find_v of_o so_o still_o a_o temper_n as_o not_o to_o complain_v when_o public_a grief_n work_v their_o own_o sensible_a smart_n such_o then_o as_o by_o long_a and_o extraordinary_a patience_n sup_v up_o their_o private_a wrong_n have_v endeavour_v to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o stream_n of_o public_a contumely_n in_o hope_n of_o better_a day_n must_v needs_o be_v excuse_v if_o compel_v at_o the_o last_o by_o lawless_a necessity_n to_o refer_v event_n to_o god_n providence_n in_o discharge_n of_o their_o duty_n to_o he_o their_o prince_n and_o country_n they_o undertake_v the_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o reputation_n in_o a_o cause_n public_a and_o general_a the_o rather_o when_o as_o without_o purpose_n of_o offence_n towards_o any_o their_o intention_n appear_v to_o give_v only_o a_o reason_n of_o such_o disorder_n in_o their_o present_a function_n as_o for_o want_v of_o serious_a inspection_n or_o true_a information_n have_v hitherto_o by_o jealousy_n and_o misconceit_n yield_v matter_n and_o occasion_n from_o time_n to_o time_n of_o their_o special_a disgrace_n and_o obloquy_n such_o and_o none_o other_o be_v the_o drift_n and_o scope_n of_o a_o late_a discourse_n of_o the_o present_a estate_n of_o custom_n not_o so_o public_o print_v as_o private_o direct_v to_o the_o grave_n and_o godly_a wise_a in_o high_a authority_n by_o the_o title_n and_o inscription_n of_o the_o customer_n apology_n but._n pro_fw-la captu_fw-la lectoris_fw-la habent_fw-la sva_fw-la fata_fw-la libelli_fw-la for_o the_o book_n be_v write_v for_o understand_v reader_n and_o so_o digest_v that_o by_o read_v alone_o without_o passion_n or_o partiality_n such_o may_v be_v their_o own_o and_o only_a judge_n have_v notwithstanding_o by_o the_o ignorant_a be_v late_o censure_v and_o strange_o mistake_v vain_o strive_v to_o commend_v &_o make_v good_a that_o within_o book_n which_o never_o be_v in_o question_n and_o malicious_o urge_v some_o thing_n without_o book_n that_o never_o be_v mean_v by_o word_n nor_o writing_n to_o be_v defend_v but_o with_o such_o success_n as_o still_o befall_v folly_n who_o delight_v to_o see_v she_o own_o shadow_n dance_v have_v not_o the_o grace_n to_o conceal_v she_o own_o shame_n ¶_o about_o such_o time_n as_o by_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n the_o light_n of_o the_o gospel_n begin_v to_o lay_v open_a the_o error_n of_o superstition_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o our_o sovereign_n to_o disperse_v they_o in_o this_o kingdom_n many_o question_n be_v move_v to_o uphold_v sundry_a point_n of_o the_o popish_a religion_n but_o none_o so_o hot_o dispute_v for_o the_o time_n as_o that_o which_o they_o term_v the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o altar_n and_o pray_v to_o saint_n whereof_o among_o other_o a_o certain_a young_a scholar_n more_o confident_a than_o wise_a have_v undertake_v a_o serious_a defence_n as_o one_o sick_a of_o love_n with_o the_o thing_n he_o have_v beget_v and_o ambicious_o affect_v the_o publish_n of_o it_o entreat_v a_o learned_a friend_n of_o he_o &_o well-minded_a to_o the_o cause_n to_o read_v it_o over_o the_o request_n be_v perform_v but_o look_v for_o argument_n sit_v the_o question_n when_o nothing_o be_v find_v but_o a_o needless_a labour_n to_o approve_v and_o maintain_v by_o the_o catholic_n creed_n that_o jesus_n christ_n be_v the_o true_a son_n of_o god_n very_a god_n and_o very_a man_n that_o redeem_v the_o world_n and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o a_o communion_n of_o saint_n the_o book_n be_v return_v without_o applaud_v or_o show_v of_o satisfaction_n right_o honourable_a such_o have_v be_v of_o late_a year_n the_o success_n of_o a_o like_a learned_a writer_n who_o print_v a_o treatise_n of_o public_a commerce_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o private_a society_n of_o the_o merchants-aduenturer_n have_v with_o much_o ado_n and_o a_o heap_n of_o silly_a word_n far_o unfitting_a the_o gravity_n of_o his_o theme_n endeavour_v to_o persuade_v his_o reader_n that_o traffic_n right_o order_v be_v the_o honour_n of_o king_n and_o prosperity_n of_o kingdom_n and_o that_o merchant_n in_o that_o respect_n be_v to_o be_v cherish_v favour_a and_o encourage_v in_o all_o commonwealth_n quia_fw-la vita_fw-la civilis_fw-la in_o societate_fw-la posita_fw-la est_fw-la societas_fw-la autem_fw-la in_o imperio_fw-la et_fw-la commercio_fw-la it_o be_v strange_a to_o observe_v what_o strong_a apprehension_n be_v able_a to_o work_v in_o weak_a man_n brain_n for_o as_o a_o plain_a simple_a man_n be_v sometime_o persuade_v that_o if_o pontius_n pilate_n have_v not_o be_v a_o saint_n the_o apostle_n will_v never_o have_v suffer_v his_o name_n to_o stand_v in_o the_o creed_n so_o this_o treatise-writer_n by_o a_o strong_a imagination_n of_o the_o merchant-adventurer_n extraordinary_a desert_n see_v the_o admirable_a effect_n of_o the_o golden_a blessing_n of_o england_n by_o turn_v creek_n into_o port_n 1601._o read_v the_o treatise_n print_v at_o midleburgh_n anno_fw-la 1601._o join_v port_n unto_o town_n raise_v town_n into_o city_n and_o enrich_v whole_a country_n with_o artificer_n and_o trade_n mariner_n &_o ship_n applaud_v withal_o their_o singular_a happiness_n and_o great_a good_a fortune_n to_o have_v the_o manage_n thereof_o within_o themselves_o commend_v their_o 23._o their_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n boast_v themselves_o to_o be_v able_a to_o make_v and_o divert_v a_o trade_n at_o their_o pleasure_n page_n 23._o dexterity_n in_o dispose_v divert_v devide_v mince_a abridge_n restrain_v and_o last_o confine_v the_o store_n and_o staple_n thereof_o within_o the_o wall_n of_o some_o one_o two_o town_n for_o best_a advantage_n in_o rose_n in_o mark_v this_o well_o by_o the_o way_n for_o herein_o lie_v hide_v the_o pot_n of_o rose_n foreign_a country_n cullour_v with_o the_o title_n of_o their_o special_a mart-towne_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n extol_v their_o excellent_a wit_n and_o absolute_a cunning_n in_o mould_v law_n by_o mere_a discretion_n to_o hold_v all_o man_n under_o and_o themselves_o above_o only_o for_o send_v or_o sail_v across_o the_o sea_n from_o coast_n to_o coast_n without_o hazard_n of_o their_o person_n or_o loss_n of_o their_o good_n more_o than_o usual_a &_o ordinary_a and_o for_o wear_v 156._o wear_v page_n 154._o 155._o 156._o chain_n of_o gold_n about_o their_o neck_n cap_n and_o green_a feather_n hat_n and_o white_a feather_n buskin_n of_o purple_a velvet_n guilt_n rapier_n dagger_n bridle_n stirrup_n spur_n and_o such_o like_a at_o triumph_n and_o public_a meeting_n but_o special_o for_o feed_v maintain_v and_o set_v 24._o set_v at_o antwerp_n 20000._o about_o antwerp_n 30000._o in_o flaunders_n 60000._o page_n 24._o thousand_o on_o work_n beyond-sea_n when_o god_n know_v the_o want_n &_o hear_v the_o cry_n at_o home_n will_v fain_o persuade_v other_o be_v bind_v to_o admire_v they_o himself_o that_o their_o governor_n be_v for_o skill_n the_o pontius_n the_o pontius_n pilot_n for_o gravity_n the_o judge_n and_o for_o wisdom_n the_o oracle_n of_o all_o orderly_a commerce_n their_o private_a talmud_n private_a talmud_n decree_n above_o common_a law_n and_o forraine-treatise_n their_o particular_a synhedry_n particular_a synhedry_n synod_n above_o general_n counsel_n and_o their_o