Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	day_n	king_n	lord_n	14,831	5	3.9145	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A84200	The exact law--giver faithfully communicating to the skilfull the firm basis and axioms of their profession. To the ignorant their antient and undoubted birthrights and inheritances. Being as a light unto all the professors of the law, as well counsellors as atturneys, clerks, soliciters, scriveners, &c. Or a manu-ductio, or a leading, as it were, by the hand, all such, both of the gentry or laity (as desire to be instructed how to gain or preserve their estates from the hands of their cruell adversaries) to the perfect knowledg of the common and statute law of this nation.		1658 (1658)	Wing E3652; Thomason E2128_1; ESTC R201913	81,570	230

the_o husband_n and_o his_o heir_n shall_v have_v the_o rent_n of_o they_o in_o the_o remainder_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o this_o case_n there_o need_v no_o atturnment_n by_o word_n because_o the_o husband_n that_o ought_v to_o atturn_n accept_v the_o grant_n of_o the_o service_n the_o which_o acceptance_n be_v a_o atturnment_n in_o the_o law_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o service_n hitherunto_o have_v i_o brief_o touch_v and_o overrun_v the_o sundry_a kind_n and_o form_n of_o estate_n now_o forasmuch_o as_o there_o be_v no_o tenure_n but_o have_v unto_o it_o some_o service_n knit_v and_o annex_v it_o be_v very_o necessary_a to_o declare_v how_o many_o kind_n of_o service_n there_o be_v and_o what_o service_n be_v due_a to_o every_o tenure_n for_o the_o knowledge_n hereof_o you_o shall_v understand_v that_o the_o principal_a and_o most_o common_a kind_n of_o service_n that_o the_o tenant_n owe_v to_o his_o lord_n be_v call_v knights-service_n chap._n xxv_o knights-service_n knights-service_n include_v homage_n fealty_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n escuage_z and_o whosoever_o hold_v his_o land_n by_o knights-service_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n to_o do_v unto_o his_o lord_n homage_n and_o fealty_n and_o to_o pay_v for_o the_o most_o part_n escuage_z when_o it_o shall_v be_v assess_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n as_o hereafter_o more_o plain_o shall_v be_v declare_v homage_n be_v the_o most_o humble_a and_o reverend_a service_n that_o a_o man_n of_o free_a estate_n and_o condition_n can_v do_v for_o when_o the_o tenant_n shall_v do_v homage_n to_o his_o lord_n the_o lord_n shall_v sit_v homage_n homage_n and_o the_o tenant_n then_o shall_v kneel_v down_o before_o he_o upon_o both_o knee_n hold_v his_o hand_n between_o his_o lord_n hand_n and_o say_v in_o this_o wise_a i_o become_v your_o man_n from_o this_o day_n forward_o of_o life_n and_o of_o member_n and_o of_o earthly_a honour_n homage_n how_o the_o tenant_n shall_v do_v homage_n and_o to_o you_o shall_v be_v faithful_a and_o true_a and_o faith_n to_o you_o shall_v bear_v for_o the_o land_n that_o i_o claim_v to_o hold_v of_o you_o save_v the_o faith_n that_o i_o bear_v unto_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o then_o the_o lord_n so_o sit_v shall_v kiss_v he_o but_o if_o a_o ecclesiastical_a person_n which_o by_o his_o order_n and_o profession_n have_v addict_v himself_o to_o the_o service_n of_o god_n in_o especial_a homage_n what_o a_o religious_a person_n say_v when_o she_o do_v homage_n and_o do_v homage_n to_o his_o lord_n he_o shall_v say_v i_o do_v to_o you_o homage_n and_o shall_v be_v to_o you_o faithful_a and_o true_a and_o faith_n to_o you_o shall_v bear_v for_o the_o tenement_n that_o i_o hold_v of_o you_o save_v the_o faith_n which_o i_o owe_v unto_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n also_o when_o a_o woman_n not_o marry_v do_v homage_n to_o her_o lord_n say_v what_o a_o woman_n shall_v say_v she_o shall_v not_o say_v i_o become_v your_o woman_n for_o it_o be_v not_o convenient_a that_o a_o woman_n shall_v be_v the_o woman_n of_o any_o other_o then_o of_o her_o husband_n that_o she_o shall_v marry_v but_o shall_v say_v even_o as_o the_o ecclesiastical_a person_n say_v i_o do_v unto_o you_o homage_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o perchance_o a_o man_n hold_v sundry_a land_n and_o tenement_n of_o sundry_a lord_n and_o every_o of_o they_o by_o knights-service_n then_o in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o homage_n make_v he_o shall_v say_v save_v the_o faith_n that_o i_o owe_v to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o to_o my_o other_o lord_n and_o none_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o lord_n unless_o it_o be_v such_o tenant_n as_o have_v in_o the_o tenancy_n a_o estate_n of_o fee-simple_n or_o fee-tail_n either_o in_o his_o own_o right_n or_o in_o the_o right_n of_o another_o for_o if_o a_o woman_n have_v land_n or_o tenement_n in_o fee-simple_n or_o fee-tail_n homage_n what_o tenant_n shall_v do_v homage_n which_o she_o hold_v of_o her_o lord_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o take_v a_o husband_n and_o have_v issue_n in_o this_o case_n the_o husband_n in_o the_o life_n of_o his_o wife_n shall_v do_v homage_n because_o he_o have_v title_n to_o have_v the_o land_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n if_o he_o overlive_v she_o and_o also_o he_o hold_v they_o now_o in_o his_o wife_n right_a yet_o before_o issue_n have_v between_o they_o the_o homage_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o both_o their_o name_n but_o if_o the_o woman_n die_v before_o any_o homage_n make_v in_o her_o life_n and_o the_o husband_n keep_v still_o the_o land_n as_o tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n now_o he_o shall_v not_o do_v homage_n to_o his_o lord_n because_o he_o have_v now_o a_o estate_n but_o for_o term_n of_o life_n fealty_n be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o fidelity_n fealty_n fealty_n or_o faithfulness_n in_o do_v whereof_o the_o tenant_n shall_v hold_v his_o hand_n upon_o a_o book_n and_o say_v thus_o fealty_n how_o a_o tenant_n shall_v do_v fealty_n hear_v you_o this_o my_o lord_n i_o to_o you_o shall_v be_v faithful_a and_o true_a and_o faith_n to_o you_o shall_v bear_v for_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n which_o i_o claim_v to_o hold_v of_o you_o and_o due_o shall_v do_v to_o you_o the_o custom_n and_o service_n which_o i_o owe_v to_o do_v to_o you_o at_o the_o term_n assign_v as_o i_o help_v god_n and_o then_o he_o shall_v kiss_v the_o book_n but_o he_o shall_v not_o kneel_v as_o he_o that_o do_v homage_n nor_o do_v such_o humble_a or_o reverend_a service_n as_o be_v before_o declare_v in_o homage_n and_o you_o shall_v observe_v that_o homage_n can_v be_v do_v but_o to_o the_o lord_n himself_o fealty_n diversity_n between_o homage_n and_o fealty_n whereas_o the_o steward_n of_o the_o lord_n court_n or_o the_o bailiff_n may_v take_v fealty_n for_o the_o lord_n also_o tenant_n for_o term_n of_o life_n shall_v do_v fealty_n but_o homage_n as_o i_o say_v he_o can_v do_v now_o as_o concern_v escuage_z that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o service_n of_o the_o shield_n you_o shall_v understand_v that_o he_o that_o hold_v his_o land_n by_o escuage_z when_o the_o king_n make_v a_o voyage_n royal_a into_o scotland_n for_o the_o subdue_a of_o the_o scot_n be_v bind_v to_o be_v with_o the_o king_n majesty_n by_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o day_n well_o and_o convenient_o array_v and_o appoint_v for_o the_o war_n and_o he_o that_o hold_v his_o land_n but_o by_o the_o moiety_n of_o the_o fee_n of_o knight_n service_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o force_n of_o his_o tenure_n to_o be_v with_o the_o king_n by_o space_n of_o twenty_o day_n and_o so_o proportionable_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n and_o quantity_n of_o his_o tenure_n but_o now_o to_o our_o institute_n and_o purpose_n after_o this_o voyage_n royal_a into_o scotland_n in_o which_o the_o king_n go_v in_o person_n and_o after_o his_o return_n into_o england_n again_o a_o parliament_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v summon_v in_o which_o shall_v be_v prescribe_v and_o assess_v what_o every_o person_n that_o hold_v his_o land_n by_o homage_n and_o go_v not_o with_o the_o king_n neither_o by_o himself_o nor_o by_o his_o deputy_n shall_v pay_v to_o his_o lord_n in_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o not_o serve_v and_o according_a to_o the_o taxation_n hereof_o every_o tenant_n shall_v pay_v to_o his_o immediate_a lord_n whether_o it_o be_v to_o the_o king_n or_o other_o after_o the_o rate_n and_o portion_n of_o his_o tenure_n if_o he_o hold_v by_o a_o whole_a fee_n he_o shall_v pay_v the_o whole_a escuage_z if_o by_o a_o moiety_n the_o half_a if_o by_o a_o four_o part_n of_o a_o fee_n the_o four_o part_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o money_n thus_o assess_v be_v call_v scutage_n or_o escuage_z for_o which_o the_o lord_n to_o who_o it_o be_v due_a may_v very_o well_o for_o the_o nonpayment_n thereof_o distrein_o but_o here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o some_o tenant_n by_o custom_n use_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n escuage_z distress_n of_o escuage_z be_v bind_v to_o pay_v but_o the_o moiety_n or_o the_o three_o part_n of_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v assess_v and_o limit_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n yea_o certain_z escuage_z certain_z and_o the_o custom_n be_v in_o some_o place_n that_o to_o what_o sum_n of_o money_n soever_o escuage_z be_v assess_v the_o tenant_n shall_v pay_v never_o but_o such_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o this_o kind_n of_o escuage_z be_v called_z escuage_z certain_z that_o be_v to_o say_v where_o escuage_z be_v assess_v by_o the_o parliament_n to_o a_o more_o or_o less_o sum_n the_o tenant_n to_o pay_v to_o the_o lord_n five_o shilling_n and_o no_o more_o nor_o no_o less_o etc._n etc._n such_o a_o tenure_n be_v call_v socage_n tenure_n and_o

honourable_a the_o lord_n coke_n and_o other_o famous_a sage_n of_o our_o law_n the_o very_a echo_n of_o who_o word_n be_v of_o sufficient_a power_n to_o engraff_n a_o honourable_a respect_n thereof_o in_o the_o mind_n of_o any_o ingenious_a person_n and_o that_o the_o conceit_a novelist_n and_o malevilous_a spirit_n of_o these_o our_o time_n who_o spurn_v at_o any_o thing_n of_o antiquity_n may_v be_v infatuate_v in_o their_o opinion_n and_o withdraw_v from_o their_o rash_a and_o overmalepert_a censure_n of_o our_o common_a law_n let_v they_o consider_v the_o reason_n which_o induce_v those_o worthy_n to_o their_o high_a estimation_n and_o value_n of_o our_o common_a law_n of_o england_n for_o say_v they_o if_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o this_o noble_a island_n viz._n england_n have_v not_o excel_v all_o other_o it_o can_v not_o be_v but_o some_o of_o the_o several_a conqueror_n and_o governor_n thereof_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o roman_n saxon_n dane_n or_o norman_n but_o especial_o the_o roman_n who_o as_o they_o just_o may_v do_v boast_v of_o their_o civil_a law_n will_v as_o every_o of_o they_o might_n have_v alter_v or_o change_v the_o same_o and_o this_o also_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o honourable_a sir_n john_n fortescue_n the_o lord_n coke_n and_o many_o more_o yet_o notwithstanding_o these_o honourable_a voucher_n of_o the_o excellency_n of_o our_o common_a law_n one_o zoilus_n or_o other_o never_o leave_v carp_a at_o it_o though_o thereby_o they_o do_v but_o display_v their_o own_o ignorance_n and_o folly_n even_o as_o the_o fly_n which_o never_o leave_v spurn_v at_o the_o candle_n till_o it_o burn_v its_o own_o wing_n and_o of_o such_o kind_n be_v those_o first_o of_o all_o who_o exclaim_v against_o the_o law_n because_o write_v in_o a_o unknown_a tongue_n when_o as_o their_o object_n show_v a_o worthiness_n in_o it_o for_o as_o all_o humane_a thing_n be_v excellent_a by_o their_o order_n so_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n have_v some_o lustre_n by_o its_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a language_n yea_o and_o be_v transcendent_a in_o its_o order_n to_o all_o humane_a science_n in_o the_o world_n when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o true_a genuine_a sense_n and_o full-fraught_a phrase_n of_o our_o common_a law_n of_o england_n can_v be_v so_o well_o express_v nor_o any_o case_n in_o law_n so_o succinct_o sensible_a and_o withal_o so_o full_o report_v and_o demonstrate_v as_o in_o that_o speech_n our_o ancestor_n first_o teach_v it_o to_o speak_v viz._n that_o trinal_a composition_n and_o connexture_n of_o three_o language_n viz._n english_a latin_a and_o french_a which_o reason_n sure_o say_v a_o reverend_a judge_n have_v not_o be_v well_o understand_v by_o those_o who_o object_n it_o as_o a_o fault_n to_o the_o professor_n of_o the_o law_n who_o say_v they_o write_v the_o book_n of_o law_n in_o a_o strange_a language_n which_o none_o can_v understand_v but_o themselves_o that_o thereby_o the_o people_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o ignorance_n and_o they_o the_o more_o admire_v and_o esteem_v and_o say_v cicero_z in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr oratore_fw-la be_v hold_v of_o the_o first_o professor_n of_o the_o roman_n civil_a law_n quia_fw-la veteres_fw-la illi_fw-la qui_fw-la huic_fw-la scientiae_fw-la praefuerunt_fw-la obstinendae_fw-la atque_fw-la augendae_fw-la potentiae_fw-la suae_fw-la causa_fw-la per_fw-la vulgari_fw-la artem_fw-la svam_fw-la noluerunt_fw-la but_o the_o weakness_n of_o this_o objection_n do_v manifest_o appear_v in_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o facility_n in_o the_o read_n and_o understand_v of_o the_o law_n french_a for_o none_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v learn_v in_o a_o week_n or_o fortnight_n time_n without_o a_o teacher_n so_o that_o it_o may_v bold_o be_v say_v in_o honour_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n that_o there_o be_v no_o rational_a science_n in_o the_o world_n have_v so_o many_o word_n and_o term_n of_o art_n who_o case_n argument_n and_o judgement_n be_v express_v and_o deliver_v in_o a_o form_n of_o speech_n so_o plain_a so_o significant_a and_o a_o tongue_n so_o soon_o learn_v as_o our_o common_a law_n of_o england_n the_o alteration_n of_o which_o have_v bring_v in_o innumerable_a pettifogger_n and_o splitter_n of_o cause_n as_o they_o may_v well_o be_v call_v who_o by_o the_o read_n of_o two_o or_o three_o law-book_n in_o english_a dare_v take_v the_o presumption_n to_o infatuate_a and_o delude_v ignorant_a people_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o be_v cunning_a in_o carry_v on_o of_o business_n which_o if_o they_o be_v it_o be_v mere_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o horseleech_n to_o suck_v they_o dry_a that_o employ_v they_o and_o beside_o through_o their_o ignorance_n of_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o law_n they_o undo_v many_o a_o cause_n which_o good_a council_n may_v have_v save_v second_o our_o law_n be_v vilify_v with_o the_o aspersion_n of_o uncertainty_n and_o unnecessary_a delay_n in_o its_o proceed_n when_o we_o all_o know_v that_o the_o law_n be_v but_o a_o rule_n of_o reason_n and_o humane_a reason_n be_v pliable_a every_o way_n not_o only_o the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o law_n but_o all_o other_o rational_a science_n in_o the_o whole_a world_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o argument_n and_o discourse_n must_v needs_o be_v subject_a to_o uncertainty_n and_o error_n yet_o if_o we_o will_v take_v the_o honourable_a the_o lord_n coke_n testimony_n there_o be_v no_o art_n or_o science_n which_o depend_v upon_o discourse_n of_o reason_n so_o little_a subject_n to_o divers_a interpretation_n as_o our_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o this_o he_o speak_v by_o his_o own_o experience_n as_o in_o the_o epistle_n to_o the_o second_o part_n of_o his_o report_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o all_o his_o time_n there_o be_v not_o move_v in_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o england_n two_o question_n touch_v the_o right_n of_o descent_n or_o escheat_n or_o the_o like_a fundamental_a point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n so_o certain_a sure_a and_o without_o question_n be_v the_o principle_n and_o ground_n thereof_o and_o furthermore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o confirmation_n of_o its_o certainty_n and_o sure_a principle_n even_o to_o admiration_n when_o we_o consider_v with_o what_o wonderful_a judgement_n the_o ground_n of_o our_o law_n be_v lay_v which_o in_o so_o many_o hundred_o year_n after_o their_o establish_n do_v still_o meet_v with_o and_o provide_v for_o almost_o all_o the_o case_n that_o can_v happen_v in_o a_o commonwealth_n and_o herein_o also_o do_v appear_v profound_a wisdom_n and_o simplicity_n in_o their_o establish_n in_o that_o the_o ground_n hereof_o be_v so_o clear_a and_o plain_a that_o whereas_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v so_o high_o esteem_v be_v fain_o to_o have_v gloss_n upon_o gloss_n even_o to_o a_o great_a number_n for_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o the_o text_n of_o their_o law_n when_o the_o text_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n which_o have_v continue_v so_o many_o hundred_o year_n have_v have_v but_o one_o commentary_n upon_o its_o text_n viz._n the_o lord_n coke_n commentary_n on_o littleton_n which_o contain_v the_o principal_a ground_n of_o our_o common_a law_n so_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o judgement_n and_o reason_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n be_v more_o certain_a than_o any_o humane_a law_n in_o the_o world_n beside_o and_o for_o delay_n though_o the_o law_n and_o lawyer_n chief_o be_v blame_v yet_o the_o main_a cause_n of_o delay_n arise_v from_o the_o stomackfulness_n and_o perverseness_n of_o client_n who_o be_v of_o that_o contentious_a disposition_n that_o they_o will_v spend_v all_o that_o ever_o they_o be_v worth_a so_o they_o may_v have_v their_o will_n and_o through_o their_o own_o refractoriness_n and_o perverse_a humour_n will_v reverse_v judgement_n after_o judgement_n and_o decree_n after_o decree_n stand_v by_o their_o good_a will_n to_o nothing_o which_o the_o law_n award_v and_o indeed_o there_o be_v too_o many_o of_o these_o melevolous_a spirit_n who_o can_v be_v content_a to_o undo_v themselves_o but_o will_v strive_v also_o to_o ruin_v other_o and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o will_v strive_v also_o to_o ruin_v other_o and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o strive_v to_o defame_v the_o learned_a and_o honest_a council_n because_o the_o cause_n go_v against_o they_o when_o as_o it_o be_v the_o uprightness_n of_o the_o law_n which_o distinguish_v right_a from_o wrong_n and_o furthermore_o our_o legal_a proceed_n be_v so_o contrary_a to_o the_o common_a conceive_a opinion_n that_o almost_o any_o cause_n in_o the_o common_a law_n be_v orderly_o pursue_v may_v come_v to_o a_o period_n in_o a_o year_n whereas_o in_o france_n as_o bedin_n testify_v the_o like_a will_v scarce_o be_v in_o thirty_o year_n and_o last_o for_o the_o malediction_n of_o all_o frivolous_a objection_n and_o in_o honour_n of_o our_o

the_o feoffer_n hold_v so_o that_o no_o man_n can_v hold_v in_o frank-almoigne_a but_o by_o force_n of_o a_o grant_v make_v before_o the_o say_a statute_n only_o the_o king_n majesty_n except_v for_o he_o be_v out_o of_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o statute_n final_o you_o shall_v note_v that_o whereas_o a_o man_n shall_v hold_v in_o frank-almoigne_a his_o lord_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o law_n to_o acquit_v he_o of_o all_o manner_n of_o service_n that_o any_o other_o lord_n can_v have_v or_o demand_v out_o of_o the_o say_a land_n so_o that_o if_o he_o do_v not_o acquit_v he_o but_o suffer_v he_o to_o be_v distrain_v than_o he_o shall_v have_v against_o his_o lord_n a_o certain_a writ_n call_v a_o writ_n of_o mesne_n mesne_n write_v of_o mesne_n and_o shall_v recover_v against_o he_o his_o damage_n and_o cost_n of_o his_o suit_n chap._n xxxv_o of_o burgage_n a_o tenure_n in_o burgage_n be_v where_o a_o ancient_a borough_n be_v of_o which_o the_o king_n his_o lord_n and_o they_o which_o have_v tenement_n within_o the_o same_o borough_n tenure_n socage_n tenure_n hold_v the_o same_o of_o the_o king_n pay_v a_o certain_a yearly_o rend_v which_o tenure_n in_o effect_n be_v but_o socage_n tenure_n likewise_o it_o be_v whereas_o any_o other_o lord_n spiritual_a or_o temporal_a be_v lord_n of_o such_o borough_n here_o you_o shall_v note_v custom_n custom_n that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n such_o ancient_a borough_n and_o town_n have_v divers_a custom_n and_o usage_n which_o other_o town_n have_v not_o for_o some_o borough_n have_v a_o custom_n that_o the_o young_a son_n shall_v inherit_v before_o the_o elder_a which_o custom_n be_v common_o call_v borough_n english_a custom_n dower_n by_o custom_n also_o in_o some_o borough_n by_o the_o custom_n the_o woman_n shall_v have_v for_o her_o dowry_n all_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n whereof_o her_o husband_n be_v seize_v at_o any_o time_n during_o the_o matrimony_n and_o coverture_n moreover_o borough_n devise_v by_o custom_n of_o borough_n in_o some_o borough_n a_o man_n may_v bequeath_v or_o devise_v his_o land_n or_o tenement_n by_o testament_n at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n and_o by_o force_n of_o such_o devise_n or_o legacy_n he_o to_o who_o the_o bepuest_n be_v make_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o testator_n which_o make_v such_o testament_n may_v by_o force_n of_o this_o ancient_a custom_n enter_v into_o the_o land_n so_o to_o he_o bequeath_v or_o devise_v without_o any_o livery_n of_o seisin_n to_o he_o make_v or_o further_a ceremony_n of_o law_n howbeit_o how_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n a_o man_n may_v at_o this_o day_n devise_v his_o land_n by_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n by_o force_n of_o a_o certain_a new_a statute_n it_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o declare_v divers_a other_o custom_n in_o england_n there_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n which_o if_o they_o be_v any_o thing_n probable_a and_o may_v stand_v with_o reason_n be_v good_a and_o effectual_a notwithstanding_o they_o be_v against_o the_o common_a law_n and_o note_v that_o no_o custom_n be_v allowable_a but_o such_o custom_n as_o have_v be_v use_v by_o title_n of_o prescription_n or_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n chap._n xxxvi_o of_o villinage_n or_o bond_n service_n a_o tenant_n in_o villinage_n be_v proper_o when_o a_o villain_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o bondman_n hold_v of_o his_o lord_n who_o bondman_n he_o be_v certain_a land_n or_o tenement_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n or_o otherwise_o at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o to_o do_v his_o lord_n villain_n service_n as_o for_o to_o bear_v and_o carry_v the_o dung_n of_o his_o lord_n out_o of_o the_o city_n or_o out_o of_o his_o lord_n manor_n and_o to_o lay_v it_o upon_o the_o demean_v land_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o to_o do_v such_o like_a service_n and_o villainy_n service_n howbeit_o freeman_n in_o some_o place_n hold_v their_o tenement_n and_o land_n of_o their_o lord_n by_o custom_n by_o such_o sort_n of_o service_n and_o their_o tenure_n be_v call_v tenure_n in_o villinage_n and_o yet_o they_o themselves_o be_v no_o villain_n nor_o of_o servile_a condition_n but_o freeman_n for_o the_o land_n hold_v in_o villinage_n make_v not_o the_o tenant_n a_o villain_n but_o contrariwise_o a_o villain_n may_v make_v free_a land_n to_o be_v villain_n land_n unto_o his_o lord_n as_o if_o a_o villain_n purchase_v land_n in_o fee-simple_n or_o fee-tayl_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o villain_n may_v enter_v into_o the_o land_n so_o purchase_v by_o his_o bondman_n and_o put_v he_o and_o his_o heir_n out_o for_o ever_o and_o this_o do_v the_o lord_n if_o he_o will_v may_v lease_n the_o same_o land_n to_o his_o villain_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o villeinage_n and_o here_o you_o shall_v understand_v that_o servitude_n or_o villeinage_n be_v the_o ordinance_n not_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o of_o that_o law_n which_o be_v call_v jus_o gentium_fw-la by_o which_o a_o man_n be_v make_v subject_a contrary_n to_o nature_n unto_o another_o man_n dominion_n for_o he_o that_o be_v a_o villain_n or_o bondman_n either_o he_o be_v so_o by_o title_n of_o prescription_n that_o be_v to_o say_v he_o and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v be_v villain_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n or_o else_o he_o be_v a_o villain_n by_o his_o own_o confession_n in_o some_o court_n of_o record_n so_o that_o all_o villain_n either_o they_o be_v bear_v villain_n or_o else_o they_o be_v make_v so_o they_o be_v bear_v villain_n when_o their_o father_n be_v a_o bondman_n himself_o beget_v they_o in_o lawful_a wedlock_n either_o of_o a_o free_a woman_n or_o of_o a_o bond_n woman_n for_o so_o that_o the_o father_n be_v bond_n the_o issue_n of_o he_o lawful_o beget_v must_v needs_o be_v bond_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n have_v no_o regard_n to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n whereas_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v clean_a contrary_n for_o there_o pars_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ventrem_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o servitude_n or_o bondage_n of_o the_o mother_n make_v the_o child_n bond_n and_o not_o the_o bondage_n of_o the_o father_n bastard_n bastard_n howbeit_o the_o bastard_n son_n of_o a_o bond_n man_n shall_v not_o be_v bond_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o a_o bastard_n be_v nullius_fw-la filius_fw-la in_o the_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v no_o man_n son_n they_o be_v make_v bondman_n or_o villain_n two_o way_n either_o by_o their_o own_o proper_a act_n as_o when_o a_o free_a person_n be_v of_o full_a age_n will_v come_v into_o a_o court_n of_o record_n and_o there_o confess_v himself_o bond_n to_o another_o man_n or_o else_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n call_v jus_o gentium_fw-la as_o when_o a_o man_n be_v take_v prisoner_n in_o war_n and_o be_v compel_v to_o serve_v and_o become_v the_o thrall_n and_o bond_n man_n of_o he_o that_o take_v he_o the_o law_n call_v such_o a_o person_n a_o villain_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o slave_n and_o thrall_n and_o you_o shall_v note_v villain_n definition_n of_o villain_n that_o villain_n be_v proper_o call_v in_o latin_a servi_n because_o that_o when_o they_o be_v take_v in_o war_n the_o captain_n be_v wont_a not_o to_o kill_v they_o but_o to_o sell_v they_o and_o so_o to_o save_v their_o life_n so_o that_o they_o be_v call_v servi_n a_o servendo_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o serve_v they_o be_v call_v mancipia_fw-la a_o manu_fw-la capiendo_fw-la because_o they_o be_v take_v by_o hand_n and_o power_n of_o their_o enemy_n now_o as_o i_o say_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o be_v all_o bear_v free_a but_o after_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o of_o gentility_n servitude_n or_o bodage_n do_v press_v and_o invade_v the_o world_n than_o ensue_v the_o bene-of_a manumission_n manumission_n be_v quasi_fw-la de_fw-la manu_fw-la emissio_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v manumission_n manumission_n a_o giving_z out_o of_o the_o hand_n or_o power_n for_o so_o long_o as_o a_o man_n be_v in_o bondage_n and_o servitude_n he_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o hand_n and_o power_n of_o another_o and_o when_o he_o be_v manumiss_a he_o be_v make_v free_a and_o deliver_v from_o the_o say_a power_n so_o that_o a_o manumission_n be_v to_o say_v a_o write_v testify_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v enfranchise_v his_o villain_n and_o all_o his_o offspring_n and_o sequel_n also_o if_o the_o lord_n make_v to_o his_o bondman_n a_o obligation_n of_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n law_n what_o act_n make_v manumission_n in_o law_n or_o grant_v to_o he_o by_o his_o deed_n a_o annuity_n or_o yearly_a pension_n or_o lease_v to_o he_o by_o deed_n land_n or_o tenement_n for_o term_n of_o year_n any_o of_o these_o act_n do_v employ_v a_o enfranchisement_n likewise_o if_o

the_o exact_a lawgiver_n faithful_o communicate_v to_o the_o skilful_a the_o firm_a basis_n and_o axiom_n of_o their_o profession_n to_o the_o ignorant_a their_o ancient_n and_o undoubted_a birthright_n and_o inheritance_n be_v as_o a_o light_n unto_o all_o the_o professor_n of_o the_o law_n as_o well_o counsellor_n as_o attorney_n clerk_n solicitor_n scrivener_n etc._n etc._n or_o a_o manuductio_a or_o a_o lead_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o hand_n all_o such_o both_o of_o the_o gentry_n or_o laity_n as_o desire_v to_o be_v instruct_v how_o to_o gain_v or_o preserve_v their_o estate_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o cruel_a adversary_n to_o the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o common_a and_o statute_n law_n of_o this_o nation_n cicero_n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr leg._n ratio_fw-la cum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o ment_fw-la hominis_fw-la confirmata_fw-la &_o conferta_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la &_o lex_fw-la est_fw-la radius_fw-la divini_fw-la luminis_fw-la london_n print_v for_o thomas_n bassett_n in_o st_n dunstan_n churchyard_n in_o fleetstreet_n 1658._o to_o the_o reader_n this_o book_n be_v a_o ancient_a manuscript_n come_v to_o my_o hand_n which_o through_o my_o own_o small_a skill_n in_o the_o law_n perceive_v it_o to_o be_v a_o ingenious_a thing_n yet_o desire_v to_o bring_v it_o to_o the_o test_n i_o do_v assure_v you_o the_o grave_a judgement_n of_o such_o as_o be_v profound_a in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n with_o i_o not_o only_o approve_v of_o it_o but_o high_o commend_v it_o for_o a_o ellaborate_a and_o learned_a treatise_n adjudge_v it_o a_o thing_n worthy_a to_o be_v publish_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a nation_n these_o lively_a character_n of_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o book_n agree_v with_o and_o as_o wonderful_o relish_v with_o my_o genius_n be_v very_o ambitious_a to_o do_v something_o that_o may_v manifest_v to_o myself_o the_o filial_a love_n i_o bear_v unto_o my_o country_n i_o resolve_v to_o publish_v it_o but_o incognito_o esteem_v he_o the_o charitable_a man_n that_o dispense_v his_o largesse_n free_o but_o private_o another_o reason_n that_o i_o do_v not_o attest_v it_o with_o my_o name_n be_v because_o i_o be_o no_o way_n greedy_a of_o the_o world_n applau_n adjude_v it_o as_o little_a worth_n and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v why_o i_o do_v not_o set_v my_o friend_n name_v to_o it_o who_o script_n it_o be_v i_o make_v this_o my_o answer_n and_o apology_n that_o i_o be_o not_o of_o their_o mind_n who_o to_o get_v themselves_o or_o their_o friend_n a_o great_a applau_n with_o the_o common_a people_n matter_n not_o what_o wile_n or_o craft_n they_o use_v so_o that_o they_o can_v any_o wise_a bring_v their_o device_n about_o but_o of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n be_o i_o detest_a such_o absurdity_n who_o as_o i_o must_v say_v the_o truth_n do_v acknowledge_v that_o i_o be_o not_o thorough_o convince_v in_o my_o mind_n that_o my_o friend_n in_o who_o library_n i_o find_v this_o script_n do_v make_v or_o compose_v it_o and_o therefore_o i_o will_v not_o presume_v to_o affix_v his_o name_n to_o any_o thing_n that_o shall_v not_o be_v absolute_o he_o and_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o thing_n beside_o will_v have_v raise_v a_o quaere_fw-la fi_fw-la i_o shall_v have_v have_v such_o a_o thought_n howbeit_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o great_a desire_n of_o hear_v commendation_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o thereby_o to_o be_v great_o delight_v imagine_v the_o praise_n of_o it_o to_o be_v the_o just_a desert_n of_o my_o worthy_a friend_n and_o suppose_a author_n i_o be_v necessitate_v as_o it_o be_v what_o by_o my_o own_o desire_n to_o do_v my_o country_n good_a and_o what_o by_o the_o great_a commendation_n several_a eminent_a practiser_n of_o our_o law_n give_v of_o it_o to_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v put_v in_o print_n which_o be_v do_v i_o represent_v it_o to_o the_o open_a view_n of_o all_o man_n wish_v they_o candid_o to_o peruse_v it_o not_o doubt_v but_o they_o will_v find_v it_o answer_v their_o desire_n to_o their_o great_a use_n and_o benefit_n but_o know_v on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o many_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o spurn_v if_o they_o find_v the_o least_o jota_n want_v i_o wish_v they_o to_o remember_v nemo_fw-la nascitur_fw-la sine_fw-la crimine_fw-la i_o crave_v the_o favourable_a construction_n of_o all_o ingenious_a person_n and_o for_o the_o malevilous_a and_o caterpillar_n of_o our_o age_n which_o will_v not_o be_v content_a with_o any_o thing_n i_o leave_v as_o i_o find_v vale._n the_o content_n chap._n i._n of_o the_o antiquity_n excellency_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n page_n 1._o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o professor_n of_o the_o law_n p._n 9_o chap._n iii_o the_o definition_n of_o law_n p._n 12._o chap._n iu._n a_o division_n of_o estate_n p._n 14._o chap._n v._n tenant_n for_o term_n of_o year_n p._n 15._o chap._n vi_o tenant_n at_o will._n p._n 17._o chap._n vii_o tenant_n by_o copy_n of_o court-roll_n ibid._n chap._n viii_o of_o freehold_n p._n 24._o chap._n ix_o tenant_n for_o term_n of_o life_n p._n 26._o chap._n x._o tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n p._n 28._o chap._n xi_o of_o tenant_n in_o dower_n p._n 31._o chap._n xii_o a_o division_n of_o inheritance_n p._n 38._o chap._n xiii_o of_o fee-simple_n p._n 39_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o fee-tail_n p._n 47._o chap._n xv._o tenant_n after_o possibility_n of_o issue_n extinct_a p._n 52._o chap._n xvi_o of_o percener_n or_o other_o coheir_n p._n 54._o chap._n xvii_o of_o joyntenant_n p._n 60._o chap._n xviii_o tenant_n in_o common_a p._n 70._o chap._n xix_o of_o chattel_n p._n 84._o chap._n xx._n of_o partition_n to_o be_v make_v by_o joyntenant_n and_o tenant_n in_o common_a p._n 87._o chap._n xxi_o of_o condition_n p._n 89._o chap._n xxii_o how_o stranger_n shall_v take_v advantage_n of_o condition_n p._n 96._o chap._n xxiii_o livery_n of_o seisin_n and_o atturnment_n p._n 98._o chap._n xxiv_o of_o service_n p._n 104._o chap._n xxv_o knight_n service_n p._n 105._o chap._n xxvi_o of_o ward_n marriage_n and_o relief_n p._n 111._o chap._n xxvii_o service_n of_o castleguard_n p._n 117._o chap._n xxviii_o of_o grand_a sergeanty_n p._n 118._o chap._n xxix_o petty-sergeanty_n p._n 121._o chap._n xxx_o homage_n ancestrell_n p._n 122._o chap._n xxxi_o of_o livery_n p._n 125._o chap._n xxxii_o how_o heir_n ought_v to_o sue_v their_o livery_n p._n 126._o chap._n xxxiii_o soccage_n p._n 134._o chap._n xxxiv_o frank_n almoign_n p._n 136._o chap._n xxxv_o of_o burgage_n p._n 140._o chap._n xxxvi_o of_o villeinage_n or_o bond-service_n p._n 142._o chap._n xxxvii_o of_o antiet_fw-la demesne_fw-la p._n 148._o chap._n xxxviii_o of_o rent_n p._n 151._o chap._n thirty-nine_o what_o remedy_n a_o man_n have_v to_o recover_v his_o rent_n when_o it_o be_v behind_o p._n 160._o chap._n xl._n how_o avowry_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v of_o rent_n and_o service_n p._n 165._o chap._n xli_o for_o the_o assurance_n of_o farmer_n p._n 166._o chap._n xlii_o of_o fulfil_v of_o recovery_n by_o farmer_n p._n 169._o chap._n xliii_o of_o tithe_n and_o how_o they_o shall_v be_v recover_v p._n 171._o chap._n xliv_o of_o mortuary_n p._n 173._o chap._n xlv_o of_o discontinuance_n 175._o chap._n xlvi_o how_o recovery_n by_o collusion_n against_o tenant_n for_o terne_a of_o life_n be_v no_o discontinuance_n p._n 179._o chap._n xlvii_o how_o wrongful_a diseisin_n be_v no_o descent_n in_o the_o law_n p._n 181._o chap._n xlviii_o of_o limitation_n of_o prescription_n p._n 182._o chap._n xlix_o of_o fines_n p._n 184._o chap._n l._n of_o testament_n or_o last-will_n p._n 187._o chap._n li._n the_o difference_n between_o executor_n and_o administrator_n p._n 189._o chap._n lii_o for_o probate_v of_o testament_n p._n 203._o chap._n liii_o how_o land_n and_o tenement_n may_v be_v by_o testament_n or_o otherwise_o dispose_v of_o enact_v an._n 32._o h._n 8._o p._n 206_o chap._n liv._o matrimony_n and_o marriage_n p._n 212._o chap._n lv._o of_o vouchèr_n p._n 213._o chap._n lvi_o vourcher_n and_o counter-plea_n of_o vourcher_n p._n 214._o chap._n lvii_o of_o warranty_n p._n 220._o the_o exact_a lawgiver_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o antiquity_n excellency_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n there_o be_v no_o jewel_n in_o the_o world_n comparable_a to_o learning_n england_n the_o excellency_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n no_o learning_n so_o excellent_a both_o for_o prince_n and_o subject_a as_o the_o knowledge_n of_o law_n and_o no_o knowledge_n of_o any_o humane_a law_n so_o necessary_a as_o of_o those_o under_o which_o we_o be_v subject_a and_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o goodness_n of_o law_n in_o general_n we_o shall_v find_v none_o so_o necessary_a for_o all_o estate_n and_o for_o all_o case_n concern_v good_n land_n or_o life_n as_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o such_o be_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o