Inhabitants of Asia some others grounding their Practice on an Apostolical Tradition would not Fast on the Saturday therefore the Week call'd Septuagesima was added to supply the seven days of Sexagesima 2. For it 's own Signification in that thereby is signified unto us the Exile and Affliction of Mankind from Adam to the last general Conflagration and therefore all Holy Hymns and Sacred Anthems of Joy are intermitted by our Holy Mother the Church during the time of Septuagesima 3. To represent the 70 years Captivity of the Jews in Babylon and as at that time the Israelites laid aside their Instrument saying Quomodo cantabimus Canticum Domini c. so the Church leaves off her Songs of Praises during this time Sexagesima was instituted by Melchiades Bp. of Rome a Martyr who flourished An. Dom. 311. and ordained that none should Fast on Friday because of the Lord's Supper and his Ascension on that day so neither on the Sunday which being the first day of the Week solemnizeth our Saviour's Resurrection to distinguish between Christians and Gentiles therefore the Ancients to redeem the Fridays in Quinquagesima added this other Week to the Fast call'd by them Sexagesima The next Sunday is Quinquagesima The Holy Church Commands a Fast to be observ'd consisting of 40 days before Easter styl'd Quadragesima or the Holy time of Lent wherein there are but 36 days besides the Lord's-Days on which she fasts not for joy of the Resurrection now to supply this Defect four days of the foregoing Week were added to the Quadragesimal Fast and afterward it was first by Telesphorus Bishop of Rome and Martyr who flourished Anno Dom. 142. and since that by Pope Gregory the Great Decreed that all Priests should begin their Fast two days sooner viz. two days before the additional four pre-mentioned that as they preceded the Laity in Dignity they might also in Sanctity and Holiness therefore this Week Quinquagesima was added to the Week Quadragesima Shrovetide Next we come to Shrovetide or Carneval which is derived from the Saxon Shrive or Shrift and the Belgick Tyde or Tijdt i.e. the time of shriving or confession of Sins for about this time the Roman Catholicks use to confess their Sins and receive the blessed Sacrament to the end they might more Religiously observe the Holy time of Lent then immediately ensuing 'T is call'd Carneval being a dissolute Season or Licentious Time qu. valeat caro because then they bid adieu to eating of Flesh and feed on Fish Ash-Wednesday Ash-Wednesday is the Beginning or Head of the Fast of Lent and was by Gregory the Great Pope of Rome Dedicated to the Consecration and sprinkling with Ashes and therefore call'd in Latine Dies Cinerum or Ash-Wednesday by the Ancients Caput Jejunii the Head of Fasting or first beginning of Lent yet as Hospinian affirms there is extant an Homily composed by Maximus Bishop of Tours in France with this Inscription In Die Cinerum which shews the Institution thereof to be before his Time because Maximus Taurinensis liv'd 170 years before him viz. Anno Dom. 420. 'T is call'd Ash-Wednesday from the ancient Ceremony of Blessing Ashes on that Day and therewith the Priest signeth the People on the Forehead in the form of a Cross affording them withal this wholsom Admonition Memento Homo quod Pulvis es in Pulverem reverteris Remember Man that thou art Dust and to Dust thou shalt return to mind them of their Mortality and prepare them for the Holy Fast of Lent the Ashes used this day in the Church of Rome are made of the Palms consecrated the Sunday Twelve-month before and formerly in the Easterin Countries they usually on this Day wore Sack-cloth and sprinkled Ashes on the Heads of the People which was done in token of sincere Humiliation and a true and unfeigned sorrow for Sin St. David St. David's vulgarly and ludibriously nick-nam'd St. Taffie's Day which is on the first of March is a British Holy-Day and observ'd by them very solemnly in Honour and Commemoration of St. David their worthy Patron who is by their Records and Tradition justified to be a Prelate of Eminent Holiness and Austerity of Life a Person of great Learning a most Florid and Eloquent Preacher of the Word of God and Archbishop of Menevy now taking from him the Name of St. David s in Pembrokeshire He flourished in the fifth and sixth Age after the Incarnation of Christ and died aged 140 years as Dr. Pits testifieth in his Treatise Intituled De Illustribus Angliae Scriptoribus The Britains on this Day constantly wear a Leek in Memory of a Famous and Notable Victory obtain'd by them over the Saxons they during the Battel having Leeks in their Hats for their Military Colours and Distinction of themselves by the perswasion of the said Prelate St. David The first Sunday in Lent is call'd Quadragesima the second Reminiscere the third Oculi the fourth Laetare the fifth Iudica the fixth Dominica Magna of these in order Quadragesima or the first Sunday in Lent so call'd because it is distant 40 days from the grand Feast of Easter containing the Lenten Fast as it was observ'd by the Primitive Christians in imitation of our Saviour's Fasting in the Desart 40 days and 40 nights it is call'd also Invocavit because on that Day the Church sings Invocavit me ego exaudiam eum or that taken out of Psalm the 90th v. 3 4. 'T is styl'd Lent so call'd from the old Saxons who nominated March Lenct Monat i. e. Length Month because the Days then begin to lengthen and exceed the Nights Now this Month being so named by our Ancestors when they did first imbibe or embrace Christianity and therewith also the ancient and Religious Custom of Fasting this Season is peculiarly term'd the Fast of Lent by reason of the Lenct-Monat or Month of March wherein the major part of the time of this Grand Fasting always hapned Sir Richard Baker saith in his Chronology that it was first commanded to be observ'd here among us in England by Ercombert the 7th King of Kent in or about the year of our Lord 641. So that it is of Antiquity in this Nation and no upstart and new-fangled Fast Then we meet with Ember-Week so named from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Dies Days by way of Emphasis the Grand Days of Fasting as some are of opinion others conceive that they are call'd the Days of Ashes or Ember-Days from that as Ancient as Religious Custom of wearing Hair-Cloth and using Ashes in times of Publick Penance and Piety or from the Antiquated usage of eating no other Food on those Days till Night only a Cake baked under the Embers or Ashes which they call'd Panem Subcineritium or Ember-Bread Turb Cath. Yet Sir Henry Spelman saith De Conciliis that the true and genuine word is Imber from the Saxon Imbren i. e. a Circle because the Ember-days move round the
third in the year following Holy-Cross or Holy-rood-Day St. Matthew On the 21th of this Month is Celebrated the Festival of St. Matthew Heb. Reward an Apostle and one of the four Holy Secretaries of the most Sacred Gospel He was by Birth a Jew by Profession a Publican or Toll-Customer was at length Converted and became a Disciple Apostle Euangelist and Martyr He wrote the Gospel of Christ in the Hebrew Language and delivered it to James the Brother of our Lord who was at that time Bishop of Jerusalem He Preached in the Kingdom of Aethiopia where he was kindly entertain'd by the Eunuch Chamberlain or Chief Governor to Candace Queen of Aethiopia as it is Recorded in the Acts of the Apostles Acts the 8th 27th and was so successful in his Teaching that he prevail'd and perswaded Aeglippus the King and his People to be Baptized but after his Decease there succeeded him one Hyrtacus by name who Detested the Apostle and therefore Commanded him to be run through with a Sword which was accordingly done Anno Dom. 71. This is one of His Majestie 's Collar-Days without Offering St. Michael the Arch-Angel The 29th of this Month is the Feast of St. Michael Heb. who is like God the Arch-Angel who figur'd Christ or Michaelmas that is a Solemnity or Mass in honour of St. Michael Prince of the Heavenly Host and one of the Nine Orders of Angels aswel to Commemorate that famous Battle fought by him and them in Heaven against the red Dragon or the Devil and his Apostate Angels Apoc. 12. in Defence of God's Honour as also say the Romanists to Commend the whole Church of God to their Patronage and Prayers and by them 't is nam'd the Dedication of St. Michael because there is a Church at Rome dedicated on that day to St. Michael by Pope Boniface This is one of King Charles his Offering-Days at His Court of Whitehall And on this day also the Lord Mayor of the City of London for the year ensuing is Elected There is another Feast observ'd by the Romanists call'd the Apparition of St. Michael and is in Commemoration of his Wonderful Appearance on Mount Garganus where as the Papists fondly flatter themselves by his own appointment a Temple was Dedicated to him in the time of Pope Gelasius St. Luke October the 18th is a Day Consecrated to the Memory of St. Luke Heb. Taken the Euangelist Syria was the Place of his Nativity by Profession he was a Physician of Antioch after that an Euangelist and the Holy Penman of the Acts of the Apostles in their Peregrination but especially of St. Paul's He died at Ephesus in the 84th year of his Age where he was inhum'd Anno Christi 74 and was together with Andrew and Timothy Translated to Constantinople many years after in the Reign of Constantius Son of Constantine the Great but Nicephorus the Historian says that he was Hang'd on a Green Olive-Tree This is one of His Majestie 's Collar-Days without Offering The 21th of this Month Dedicated to Ursula Lat. a little She-Bear The Name of a Female Saint heretofore of great Honour and still continued in the Calendar and this Day was kept solemnly in Commemoration of a Famous Religious British Virgin who notwithstanding the Tenderness of her Sex and her Zeal for the true Religion was most Inhumanly Martyred under Attila King of the Huns styled Flagellum Dei a Bloody but Valiant Scythian who over-ran Italy and Gallia and at the Perswasion or rather Intreaty of Pope Leo retired into Hungary St. Simon and Jude The 28th is the Festival of St. Simon and Jude Simon Heb. Hearing or Obedient sirnamed Zelotes Gr. Fervent was born in Cana a Town of Galilee the Son of Mary and Cleophas as Euseb affirms L. 3. C. 11. and taught the Gospel in Aegypt and Persia from thence he returned and succeeded St. James in the Bishoprick of Jerusalem where under the Reign of the Emperor Trajan he was Crucified in the 120th year of his Age and consequently the last Martyr of all the Apostles St. Jude Heb. Jude Judah and Jehudah all three signifie Confession called also Thaddaeus and Lebbaeus Preached the Holy Gospel to the Edessaeans a sort of People of Edessa a City of Syria and throughout all Mesopotamia he was Murdered at Berytus a City of Phoenicia in the Reign of Agbarus King of Edessa according to the most Authentick Tradition where he was very Honorably Sepulchred in the year of our Lord 21. This is one of His Majestie 's Collar-Days without Offering The next day after being the 29th is a day whereon the Elected Mayor for that year accompanied with the Aldermen of London on Horseback to the River of Thames and the Companies of Freemen wait upon him in Barges with Drums and Trumpets to Westminster and there he walks with the Aldermen round the Hall and then goes up to the Exchequer where he is Sworn and returns to the City and at his Landing he is waited upon by several Companies of Soldiers and several stately Pageants are erected and carried about in a Triumphant manner All Saints November 1st Begins with the Festival of All Saints or Allhallows and this time is commonly call'd Allhallontide T is a Solemnity in Honour and Memory of all the Saints as the Papists maintain that so at least they may obtain the Patronage and Prayers of them all since the whole year is much too short to afford us a Particular Feast for every Saint All Souls The next day Novemb. 2d is All-Souls a Day Instituted by the Church of Rome in Commemoration of all the Faithful departed this Life that by the Prayers and Suffrages of the Living they may be discharged of their purging Pains and at last obtain Life Everlasting to this purpose the Day is kept Holy till Noon Hence proceeds the Custom of Soul-Mass Cakes which are a kind of Oat-Cakes that some of the Richer sort of Persons in Lancashire and Herefordshire among the Papists there use still to give the Poor on this Day and they in Retribution of their Charity hold themselves obliged to say this old Couplet God have your Saul Beens and all Both these days were of such eminent observance with our Ancestors that they still continue no court-Court-days at Westminster-Hall but are the Lawyers and Judges Holy-days All-Saints is one of His Majestie 's offering-Offering-Days at Whitehall and one of the houshold-Houshold-days when the Besant is given by the Lord Steward or one of the other White-Staff-Officers November the 5th commonly call'd gun-powder-treason-Gun-Powder-Treason-Day Anno 1605. and in the third-year of the Reign of King James in England of Happy Memory of which take this Brief Narrative Collected out of Sir Richard Baker in the said King's Reign The 19th day of March-was a second Parliament appointed to sit at Westminster the said Parliament beginning the King made a long and Loving Speech to both Houses wherein he signified the Cause of his Calling it but in the time when it should
Licensed Octob. 11. 1677. Roger L'Estrange Festa Anglo-Romana OR The Feasts of the English and Roman Church with their Fasts and Vigils Being an Exact and Concise Accompt of their various Etymologies and Appellations with the Reasons and Grounds of their Celebration Together with a Succinct Discourse of several other Grand Days in the Universities Inns of Courts and the Collar and Offering Days at White-Hall Tending To the Instruction of all Persons in all Capacities and the Dilucidation of several seeming Difficulties in the Ancient as well as Modern English and Roman Calendar By a True Son of the Church of England London Printed for William Jacob and John Place and are to be sold at the Black Swan and Furnivals-Inn-Gate in Holborn 1678. MVNIFICENTIA REGIA 1715. GEORGIVâ— D.G. MAG BRVRET Hâ—â—â—â—â— F.D. To the READER I Design not to Preface this small Tract with a Prolix Epistle for that were to make the Porch larger than the Temple but only to acquaint you that it is an Historical Collection of all the Feasts with the Fasts Vigils and Octaves Registred both in the English and Roman Rubrick together with their approved Etymologies Various Names and the True Grounds and Reasons of their Celebration A Treatise which differs from all others of this Nature that are hitherto extant both in its Method and Compendiousness for it begins according to the old Roman Computation of the year at the 1st of January and ends with the last of December giving an account of all the Festivals as they are placed successively in the Calendar And withal I must Advertise you to avoid Confusion that our Festivals are Intituled in an English and the Roman in an Italick Letter And thus I leave the Reader with these few necessary Instructions to the perusal of the Contents of this Book which may I presume tend to his more ample and plenary satisfaction The TABLE NEw-years Day Pag. 4 Epiphanie Pag. 6 St. Paul Pag. 10 Ianuary the 30th Pag. 11 Purification of the Blessed Virgin Pag. 12 St. Matthias Pag. 15 Sunday Pag. 20 Valentines-Day Pag. 23 Septuagesima Sexagesima Quinquagesima and Quadragesima Ibid. Shrovetide Pag. 27 Ash-Wednesday Pag. 28 St. David Pag. 29 St. Patrick Pag. 36 St. Joseph Pag. 37 Annunciation of the Holy Virgin ib. Palm-Sunday Pag. 39 Good-Friday Pag. 42 Easter Pag. 44 Low-Sunday Pag. 51 St. George Pag. 52 St. Mark Pag. 53 Misericordia Pag. 54 Phillip and Iacob ib. Holy-Cross Pag. 56 Rogation-Sunday Pag. 58 Holy Thursday Pag. 63 King Charles Birth Return Pag. 65 Penticost or Whitsontide Pag. 67 Trinity-Sunday Pag. 68 St. Barnabas Pag. 69 Corpus Christi Pag. 72 St. Iohn Baptist Pag. 74 St. Peter and St. Paul Pag. 75 Visitation of Mary Pag. 78 St. Swithins-Day Pag. 79 Dog-Days ib. Spanish Invasion Pag. 81 St. Iames. Pag. 86 St. Ann. ib. Lammas-Day Pag. 87 Gowrie's Conspiracy Pag. 91 Transfiguration Pag. 94 St. Lawrence Pag. 95 Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Pag. 96 St. Bartholomew ib. Decollation of St. John Baptist Pag. 97 September the 2d the burning of London Pag. 98 Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Pag. 99 Holy-rood-Day or Holy Cross ib. St. Matthew Pag. 100 St. Michael the Arch-Angel Pag. 102 The Apparition of St. Michael Pag. 103 St. Luke Pag. 104 Ursula a Brittish Virgin Pag. 105 St. Simon and Iude. ib. All Saints Pag. 108 All Souls ib. Gunpowder-Treason Day Pag. 110 Queen Catharines Birth-day Pag. 119 Presentation of the Virg. Mary Pag. 120 St. Clement Pag. 121 St. Andrew Pag. 123 Advent Sunday Pag. 124 Conception of the Virg. Mary ib. St. Lucia Pag. 125 St. Thomas ib. Christ mass-Mass-Day Pag. 126 St. Stephan Pag. 128 St. Iohn Pag. 130 Innocents ib. In the Press a Printing in a Pocket-Volume Englands Remarks very much enlarged a fit Companion for all Travellers and others Festa Anglo-Romana HOly-Day in the Sacred Phrase is the same as separate or set apart to God being taken out of ordinary Days and dedicated to the Holy Service of God and his Worship tho none of them are certainly declared in the New Testament nor is any Christian obliged to the observance of those in the Old But the Holy Church hath thought fit and necessary for the Confirmation of Faith and the Exercise of the true Christian Religion that peculiar days should be cull'd out of the common whereon we should convene Politick affairs being laid aside in the Publick Assembly to hear God's Holy Word and to offer up the Calves of our Lips in Prayers to and Praises of the Almighty with Reading and Meditation Now as there is a Holy Feast Nehemiah the 8th and the 10th which our Church hath dedicated to the Religious Commemoration of some eminent Mercies and Blessings received among which some Festivals are of a superior degree in regard of the greatness of the Blessing remembred and the solemnity of the Service appointed to that purpose so there is an Holy Fast Joel 2. such as are Ash-Wednesday Good-Friday and the whole Week before Easter which the Church hath dedicated to God's solemn Worship in Fastings and Prayer The Holy-Days we divide into General and Particular The General are such as are generally celebrated by all Men and term'd Solemnities as the Circumcision Epiphany Purification Annunciation Resurrection Ascension c. the Particular are solemnized by some particular Church or some Country call'd Commune as those dedicated to the Apostles or by some Bishop's Sea Parish-Town or call'd the proper Holy-Days of the Place They are again divided in respect of the days whereon they fall in the Calendar into Moveable and Fixed The Moveable are those which tho celebrated on the same Week-day have no fixed seat in the Calendar The Fixed are such which fall upon divers days of the Week yet upon one and the same day of the Month. New-Years Day The first of January commonly called New-years Day of the old Roman Account which began the year from that day otherwise the Circumcision of our Lord being celebrated eight days after his Birth inclusively as it was on the Male-Children of the Jews according to the Judaical Law in memory of his Circumcision as the old Law commanded Genesis the 17th and the 12th when he was named Jesus Gr. a Saviour as the Angel had foretold St. Luke 1.32 Circumcision is deriv'd from the Latin Circumcido which signifies a cutting round about and in truth to speak more properly it is the cutting away of the Praepuce or double fore-skin which enfoldeth the Head or Extremity of the Virga Virilis and was perform'd with a very sharp Stone ordered and fitted for that use and not with an Iron Knife steel'd as some are of Opinion tho mistaken It was a Ceremony Prescribed by the Great Jehovah to Abraham the Father of the Faithful and his Posterity who were Heirs of the Divine Promise and Commanded to be sacredly observed by the Hebrews upon the severe penalty of Death as a sign and seal of the Covenant betwixt God and them and a
year as it were in a Circle These Ember-Weeks are four in the year and they of old in every one of them fasted on Wednesday Friday and Saturday as you will find it in this ancient Couplet Post Cineres Pentec post Crucem postque Luciam Mercurii Veneris Sabathi Jejunia fiant That is the next Week after Ash-Wednesday Whitsunday Holy-Rood or the Exaltation of the Cross and St. Lucie's Day They are of great Antiquity in the Church being times of Publick Prayer Fasting and Procession and styl'd Quatuor Anni Tempora by the Ancient Fathers for besides the first Institution of them for quarterly Seasons of Devotion proportion'd to every part of the year that the intire year each Division thereof might be blessed thereby they were partly instituted for the successful Ordination of Priests in the Roman Church and partly to beg a Blessing on the Fruits of the Earth and render thanks to God for the same nay besides their answerableness to those Jejunia Quatuor or solemn Fasting-days instituted by the Jews and mentioned by the Prophet Zachary ca. 8. that we Christians might not be inferior to them in so Holy a Duty the Church hath assigned them an Excellent use in imitation of the Apostles Acts 13.3 See a Book Intituled A View of the Directory fol. 56. Much about this time the Aequinox happens which is an Imaginary phancied Line passing just between the two Poles in the midst of Heaven which Lines the Sun travels to twice a year namely about the 11th of March which is call'd the Vernal and the 11th of September the Autumnal Aequinox and equals the Day and Night for length throughout the Universe except with the Inhabitants directly under the Poles and therefore term'd Equinox The second Sunday in Lent is nam'd Reminiscere from the Entrance of the 5th Verse of Psal 25. Reminiscere miserationum tuarum Domine c. Call to Remembrance O Lord thy tender Mercies c. The third Sunday in Lent is call'd Oculi from the entrance of the 14th v. of the 25th Psalm Oculi mei semper ad Dominum c. My Eyes are ever looking unto the Lord. March the 17th St. Patrick's Day a great Saint Worker of Miracles and the much honoured Patron of Ireland The fourth Sunday is call'd Laetare from the beginning of the 10th v. of the 66th Chap. of Isaiah Laetare cum Jerusalem c. Rejoyce with Jerusalem c. It is also term'd Dominica de Rosa from the Golden Rose which the Pope of Rome carrieth in his hand when he walks before the People in the Temple as also Dominica de Panibus or Refectionis because the Miracle of the five Loaves in the Holy Gospel is explained on this Day in the Roman Church but we here in England truly style it Mid-Lent Sunday March the 19th in the Roman Church is Celebrated in Commemoration of St. Joseph Confessor the Husband of the Blessed Virgin Mary Annunciation of the Holy Virgin The 25th of this Month is the Feast of the Annunciation of the Holy Virgin the Conception of our Saviour vulgarly Lady-Day and this is Celebrated in Commemoration of that most Happy Message or rather Embassy from God which was pronounced by the Angel Gabriel in which she was Declar'd and Proclam'd the Blessed Mother of God St. Luke 1st 31 32. The fifth Sunday in Lent is call'd Judica and Passion-Sunday from the entrance of the 35th Psalm Judica me Deus Discerne Causam meam c. Judg me O Lord Plead thou my Cause c. 'T is term'd Passion-Sunday from the Passion of our Lord which is then near approaching and was Instituted to prepare us worthily for the Religious Celebration thereof On this Day the Romanists clothe all their Crucifixes in their Churches with Mourning Colours in remembrance of our Saviour's going out of the Temple and absconding Himself in order to Dispose us to a Compassion with him Palm-Sunday Palm Sunday Dominica Palmarum or Dominica Magna is the 6th and last Sunday in Lent immediately preceding Easter 'T is call'd Palm-Sunday or Dominica Palmarum which is the same in Latin from the Branches of Palm which the Jews strewed under his feet at his Triumphant Entrance into Jerusalem upon an Ass crying Hosanna to the Son of David St. Matth. 21.25 and hence it is that the Romanists do annually on this day blesse the Palm and go solemnly in Procession in honour of our Saviour's Triumph all the people carrying Boughs or Branches of Palm in their hands It hath the Name Dominica Magna or the Great Lord's-Day because of the Great and many Infallible good things that were confer'd on the Faithful the Week ensuing namely Death abolished Slander and the Tyranny of Satan remov'd by the painful and ignominious Death of our Saviour This is call'd the Holy-Week because Men gave over their worldly employ Courts were shut up Prisoners freed and many Prayers and Offices perform'd by the Holy Church in order to our Preparation for the Grand Feast of Easter and the Week of Fasts because fasting was then increas'd with Watching Prayer for they did lye on the ground and when they did eat on these six days their Food was only Bread Salt and Water The next Wednesday after Palm-Sunday was the Day whereon the Scribes and Pharisees sate in Council against the Lord of Life the Thursday following the Parasceue Greek or Preparation of the Legal Passeover and the Institution of the Lord's Supper that very night which is otherwise nam'd Maundy Thursday quasi Mandati Thursday being the last Thursday in Lent and first before Easter from fulfilling the Mandate or Command of our Saviour which arose from an ancient Ceremony frequently practis'd by Prelates in Cathedral Churches and Religious Houses and is in imitation of Christ who on the Evening of this Day after his last Supper and before he Instituted the Blessed Sacrament washed his Disciples feet acquainting them withal that they must do so likewise to one another which is the Mandate whence the Day takes Denomination At the beginning of the said Ceremony Christ utter'd these words soon after he had washed their feet Joh. 13.34 which are sung as an Antiphone Mandatum novum do vobis ut diligatis invicem sicut dilexi vos Good Friday The next Day is styl'd Good-Friday because the Good Work of Man's Redemption was then Consummated the Cause of all our good and true ground of all our joy it being the most Sacred and Memorable Day of the Bloody Passion of Christ on the Cross which was a sufficient Attonement or Satisfaction for the Sins of Mankind And here it will not be amiss for the Reader to take notice in order to his understanding it when he meets it in Authors that in the Roman Church the Offices call'd Tenebrae are Sung on Thursday Friday and Saturday of this Holy or Great Week and that in Lamentation of our Saviour's Passion and because these are still anticipated in the Rehearsal the
Quasimodogeniti from the entrance in the 1 Peter 2.2 Quasimodogeniti Infantes Rationabiles sine dolore lac concupiscite St. George April the 23th is the Day Dedicated to the Memory of St. George the Martyr of Cappadocia and is honoured by the Georgians the Inhabitants of a Country call'd Georgia situated between Colchos Caucasus the Caspian-Sea and Armenia heretofore Iberia and Albania they do highly reverence and honour this Saint He also is our Patron and the same Person that the Knights of the Garter have formerly so much honoured they being alwayes on that day only Install'd at Windsor This is one of his Majesties Collar-days without Offering at White-Hall St. Mark The 25th of this Month is St. Mark 's Day A Feast in Honour of the Evangelist who wrote the Life Acts Miracles Death and Resurrection of our Saviour Christ He was the first Prelate of Alexandria where he Taught the Gospel and also all over the adjacent Regions from the Country of Aegypt to Pentapolis He was Martyr'd at Alexandria in the time of the Tyrant Trajan which was thus executed They fastned a Cable-Rope about his Neck wherewith they dragg'd him from the place call'd Bucolus to another term'd Angels where the raging Idolaters burned him to ashes against whom he preached Anno Domini 63. and was Interred at Bucolus praemention'd This is one of his Majesties Collar-dayes without offering Misericordia The second Sunday after Easter is term'd Misericordia from the Entrance of the fifth Verse of the 32 Psalm Misericordia Domini plena est Terra c. Philip and Iacob May-Day or St. Philip and St. James vulgarly but falsly call'd Philip and Jacob Philip is a Greek word and signifies a Lover of Horses Jacob Hebr. a Supplanter May-day 't is call'd because the first of May a day of Mirth and Jollity among the Common Herd and Philip and James because dedicated to the two Apostles and Martyrs of that name The former of the City of Bethsaida who preached in Phrygia and Converted the Eunuch Candaules It is affirm'd by some Authors that he sent 12 Disciples into our Country of Britain to work the Conversion of them In conclusion the Pagans seized him and put him to the Ignominious death of his Lord and Master at the City Hierapolis about the Year of our Lord 53. The later viz. St. James the Lesser James is a Name wrested from Jacob was Son to Alphaeus and Pen-man of that Excellent Epistle which goes under his Name for his Wisdome and Piety sirnamed the Just He was created Bishop of Jerusalem after the Ascension and Governed that Church 30 years compleat where he was most Inhumanely first stoned and afterward being placed on the Top of a Pinacle of the Temple precipitated from thence and being half dead and his Thighes broken and lifting up his hands to Heaven he was knock'd on the head with a great Fuller's Club this Bloody Butchery was Executed on this Saint in the Seventh Year of the Sanguinary Emperour Nero. This is also one of his Majestie 's Collar-days without Offering Holy Cross or Holy-Rood-day May the 3d is Inventio Crucis i. e. the Invention of the Holy-Cross or Holy-Rood-day and is in the Roman tho not in our Rubrick of which there are two call'd Holy-Rood-dayes viz. this being on the 3d. of May and the Exaltation of the Cross on the 14th of September 'T is a Feast in Commemoration as the Romanists believe of the Miraculous and Wonderful Invention or finding out the Holy Cross on which the Blessed Jesus suffered by St. Helen the Mother of Constantine the Great after it had been conceal'd and buried in the Earth by the Painims the space of 180 years in place whereof they had erected a Statue to their wanton Deity Venus 'T is called Holy-Rood-Day and Holy Cross because of the great Sanctity it receiv'd by touching and bearing the Oblation of the most precious Body of Christ and Rood is an old Saxon word signifying a Cross or the Image of Christ on the Cross being compos'd generally of Wood and erected in a Loft for that purpose just over the passage of the Church into the Chancel Fuller The third Sunday after Easter as it falls in course here is styl'd Jubilate from the beginning of Psalm the 65. Jubilate Deo omnis Terra c. The fourth Sunday Cantate from the entrance of the 98th Psalm Cantate Domino Cantieum Novum c. May the 14th our most Gracious and Soveraign Princess Donna Catarina Landed at Portsmouth in order to the confirmation of her solemn Nuptials with His Majesty our Dread Soveraign Charles the Second whom God long preserve in health and happiness Rogation-Sunday Next follows Rogation-Sunday the fifth Sunday after Easter the Week following is call'd Rogation-Week or Vocem Jucunditatis the Institution or Restauration whereof is by Historians attributed to Claudius Mamertus or Mamercus Bishop of Vienne in France Anno Dom. 452. or as some say 466. being the fifth Sunday after Easter from the like entrance Vocem Jucunditatis annunciate audiatur c. and Rogation Sunday or Week which is always the next but one before Whitsunday à Rogando Deum as being once tho we cannot affirm that now Consecrated above all other Weeks of the year in an extraordinary manner unto Prayers Litanies and Supplications and are still enjoyn'd by the Church to all persons among the Roman Catholicks on Monday Tuesday and Wednesday with Abstinence from flesh for these Reasons First for a Devout Preparative to the Feast of Christ's most glorious Ascension and Pentecost which is shortly after 2. Because the fruits of the Earth are tender and in danger being in the Blossom 3. For that much about this time of the year Monarchs and Potentates begin to undertake their Wars upon both which Considerations all Good and Pious Christians have great Reason to be frequent with God in Rogations and Prayers at this time particularly and for this cause it is that the Solemnization of Matrimony is prohibited by the Holy Church from the first day in this Week until Trinity Sunday following The Belgians or Dutch-men call it Cruys-Week that is Cross-week and so 't is also nam'd in some Parts of England because the Priest on these days goes in Procession with the Cross before him In the old Saxon 't is nam'd Gangdagas i. e. Dayes of Walking or Perambulation In the North of England Gang-week from the ganging or going in Procession for Gang there as well as in the Saxon signifies to go from an Antient and Commendable Custome tho discontinued in the time of the late Unnatural Rebellion to make Perambulations and Processions with the Young Children in every Parish and Township with us to view and understand the Ancient Limits and Boundaries of every Parish to prevent all manner of Incroachments Contentions and Suits at Law In the Inns of Court 't is known by the name of Grass-week because the Students Commons on some days that Week consist much of Salads
hard Eggs and Green-sauce The Robigalia and Ambarvalia of the Antient Romans did after their Heathenish manner in something resemble these Inâ—â—itutions They were call'd Robigalia from Robigus one of their numerous Deities to whom they ascribed the preserving of Corn from Blasting therefore these Feasts were sacred to him particularly And Ambarvalia quòd victima arva ambiret because the Sacrifice to be offered at that time did walk round the Fields May the 21th 1662. K. Charles was Married at Portsmouth to Donna Catarina Infanta of Portugal by Gilbert Bishop of London May the 22. is a Feast dedicated by the Romanists to one Julia a Holy Devout Virgin and is placed in their Rubrick not mention'd in our Calendar Holy Thursday or Ascension-Day The next Feast celebrated by our Holy Mother the Church is Holy-Thursday or Ascension-Day which is the 40th day after Easter or his Resurrection call'd Holy-Thursday because so Holy a Work was perform'd on this Holy-day and Ascension-day in memory of our Saviour's Ascension into Heaven in the sight of his Apostles and Disciples then present Acts 1.9 there to prepare a place for all true Christians being preceded by whole Legions of Angels and attended by Millions of Saints whom he had discharged set at large out of their imaginary Prison of Limbo as the Romanists fondly conceive In short and in truth this Festival of Christ's Ascension is the Consummation of all he did and taught during his Residence here upon Earth and therefore it was not without great reason termed by the Antients Felix Clausula totius Itinerarii Filii Dei the Sabbath or Consummation of all his labour in the Great and stupendous Work of Man's Redemption This is one of his Majesties Offering-dayes Next comes the 6th Sunday after Easter call'd Exaudi from the beginning of the 27th Psalm Exaudi Domine vocemmeam c. The Week after Ascension-Day is Expectation-Week for now the Apostles were earnestly expecting the promise of our Lord If I go away I will send the Comforter to you Jo. 16.7 King Charles 2d Nat. May the 29th is Celebrated upon a double account first in Commemoration of the Birth of our Soveraign King Charles the Second the Princely Son of his Royal Father Charles the First of happy Memory and Mary the Daughter of Henry the 4th the French King who was born the 29th day of May Anno 1630. and also by Act of Parliament 12 Car. 2. by the Passionate desires of the People in Memory of his most Happy Restauration to his Crown and Dignity after 12 years forced Exile from his undoubted Right the Crown of England by Barbarous Rebels and Regicides and on the 8th of this Month his Majesty was with Universal Joy and great Acclamations Proclaim'd in London Westminster and after throughout all his Dominions the 16th he came to the Hague the 23th with his two Brothers Embarqued for England and on the 25th he happily Landed at Dover being received by General Monk and some of the Army From whence he was by several Voluntary Troops of the Nobility and Gentry waited upon to Canterbury and on the 29th 1660 he made his Magnificent Entrance into that Emporium of Europe his Stately and Rich Metropolis the Renowned City of London On this very day also Anno 1662. the King came to Hampton-Court with his Queen Catharine after his Marriage at Portsmouth as is before mention'd This as it is his Birth-day is one of his Collar-days without Offering Pentecost or Whitsunday After this succeeds the Grand Solemnity of Pentecost or Whitsunday Pentecost from the Greek because 't is the 50th day from Easter or Christ's Resurrection and Whitsunday or White-Sunday from the Catechumeni who were apparell'd in White Garments and on the Eve of this Feast admitted to the Sacrament of Baptisme But Verstegan affirms That it was of old nam'd by our fore-fathers Wied-Sunday or Wihed-Sunday because Wied or Wihed in the Saxon Tongue signifies Sacred Now this Festival was antiently celebrated among the Jewes on the 50th day after the Passeover in the memory of Promulgation of the Divine Law of God on Mount Sinai and our Whitsunday is kept 50 dayes after Easter by all True and Good Christians to commemorate the Mission of the Holy Ghost on that day which descended on the heads of the Apostles in Tongues resembling fire Act. 2.3 who is the only and most Infallible Interpreter of the Divine Law This is one of his Majestie 's Offering-dayes and a Houshold-day when the Besant is given by the Lord Steward or one of the other White Staff-Officers and all the Holy-dayes in Whitsun-Week are Collar-days without Offering Ember-Week follows Whitsun-day which is one of the 4 Grand Seasons of the Year as is before specified at large Trinity-Sunday Trinity-Sunday falls next in course which is always the Lord's day following and the Octave of Whitsunday so nominated in Honour of the most Blessed Trinity and to signifie unto us that the holy Works of our Redemption and Sanctification which were then Consummated are common to all Three Persons in the Trinity This Festival was first Instituted by Gregory the 4th who then sate in the Episcopal Chair in the year of our Lord 827. It is one of his Majesties Offering-days at White-Hall St. Barnabas June the 11th St. Barnabas the Apostle comes next in the Calendar commonly call'd Barnaby The Name is Hebrew signifying Son of the Master of Prophecy or of Comfort The proper Name given him at his Circumcision was Joses for Joseph by a sweeter Termination or Cadence From the Apostles he received the Sirname of Barnabas He was born in the Isle of Cyprus an Island in the Mediterranean between Cilicia Syria and Aegypt whose Ancestors fled thither for their greater safety in the Tumultuous and Distracted Government of Antiochus Epiphanes or as some imagine when Pompey with his Romans Conquered Judaea He descended of the Tribe of Levi his Parents were Opulent and Pious he was committed to the Tutelage of the Great Doctor of the Law Gamaliel at whose Feet he was educated with his Fellow-Pupil St. Paul He was an Eye-witness of the Miracle in the Cure of the Paralytick at the Pool of Bethesda which soon convinced him of the Divinity of our Saviour He was one of the 70 sold all his Lands on Earth to Purchase in Heaven and when God gave Saul his Fiat for an Apostle's Place they two were Joynt-Commissioners for the Church Fellow-Travellers Consorts and Zealots for Christ c. Dr. Brough on the Fest And both Preached the Gospel in Seleucia Salamis Paphos Cyprus Perga in Pamphilia and here Mark the Son of Barnabas his Sister Mary whom they took with them as their Minister and Attendant weary of this Troublesome Itinerant Life departed from them which occasion'd the unhappy Difference between these two Apostles Paul and Barnabas afterwards they Travell'd to Iconium Lystra Derbe and so back to Antioch and then they parted with some discontent because Barnabas would take
his Cousin Mark with him which St. Paul denied by reason of his weak Desertion and he went to Silas but Barnabas with his Cousin Mark to his own Country Cyprus though some say Rome but 't is most probable Cyprus in the last period of his Life where he Converted great numbers but some Syrian Jews coming to Salamis where he then was furiously set upon as he was Teaching in the Synagogue in a Corner whereof they shut him up till night then brought him forth and after unexpressible Tortures stoned him This Barnaby-day or thereabout is the Summer Solstice or Sun-sted when the Sun seems to stand and begins to go back being the longest day in the year about the 11th or 12th of June it is taken for the whole time when the days appear not for 14 days together either to lengthen or shorten Corpus-Christi June the 14th is Corpus-Christi-day that is the Festival of the Body of our Lord a Feast that owes its Institution to Urban the 4th Prelate of Rome about the year of God 1264. in honour of the Body of Christ or Blessed Sacrament of the Altar On this Day in all Catholick Countreys during the Octave of this Feast and the Sacrament is most solemnly carried about in Procession to be adored by the People the Priests and they all Expressing their Devotion in Hymns Songs and Prayers accompanied with all the Testimonies of Pious Affections as they term it as Musick Lights Flowers strewed all along the Streets their richest Tapestries hung out upon the Walls c. The next Sunday is the first Sunday after Trinity and the Sundays after are call'd 1st 2d 3d c. according to their Numeral order from their succession of Trinity till the 1st Advent-Sunday St. Iohn Baptist The 24th of June is St. John Baptist's or commonly Midsummer-Day which needs no interpretation The Name John in Hebrew is Gracious and Baptist is a Greek word signifying Washer or Dipper by way of Eminence because he Baptized our Saviour in the River Jordan and was the first that Baptized This Festival is in Commemoration of St. John the Son of Zachary and Elizabeth who was one of the Tribe of Levi and he that shewed us the Lamb of God who taketh away the Sins of the World yet was this Devout and Austere Saint the Praecursor or Fore-runner of our Saviour beheaded by Herod the Blood-thirsty Tetrarch at the desire and request of Herodias the Relict of his Brother Philip Anno Dom. 30. This is one of His Majestie 's Offering-Days at Whitehall and the day appointed for the Election of the two Sheriffs of London and Middle-sex St. Peter and St. Paul On the 29th of June is celebrated the Feast of St. Peter and St. Paul Peter in the Greek signifies a Stone or Rock Paul Hebrew Wonderful or worst but Cardinal Baronius derives it from the Latin and makes it signifie Little or Humble They are both joyned in one Solemnity for these Reasons because they were both Principal and Joynt Co-operators under our Lord and Saviour in the Conversion of the World it falling to St. Peter's lot to Convert the Jews and St. Paul's the Gentiles for this Cause St. Paul was nam'd the Apostle of the Gentiles as also in regard they were both Martyr'd at Rome St. Peter the Chief and Head of the Apostles Preached the Gospel in Pontus Cappadocia Bithynia and Galatia and at last at Rome where he was disgracefully Crucified under that Tyrant and Monster of Men Nero with his Head downward for according to Tradition it was his own desire and there he was also Interred St. Paul whose former Name was Saul Hebr. Lent of the Lord or as some will have it Fox before his Conversion being a violent Persecutor when St. Stephan was stoned kept the Murderers Cloaths and when cruel Commissioners were sent to Scourge Kill and slay all that called on the Name of Christ he carried the Letters He was a Jew born brought up at the feet of Gamaliel Learned and his Principle pardoned Conscientious too The Voice of our Saviour to him out of Heaven Acts 9.38 with a Light strook him blind and down and did both unhorse and un-Jew him He ask'd and was directed what course to steer goes to Ananias and receives at once his Sight and Baptism and thenceforth the World becomes his Charge and Conquest and the Gentiles his special care Being thus called after Christ's Assumption and Registred in the Catalogue of his Apostles he Preached the Gospel the Professors whereof he formerly persecuted with so great fury and heat from Jerusalem to Illyricum Spain and Italy and was beheaded by the bloody Sword of the Emperor Nero on a Sunday being the third Calends of July or the 29th of June according to our Julian Computation and so was also St. Peter now as they both suffered they both lye buried together This Day the Church keeps and we most concern'd his Gentile-Converts have greatest cause of all to observe to his Memory but to thy Glory O Christ Dr. Brough of the Holy Feasts and Festivals of the Church of England This is one of the King's Collar-days without Offering Visitation of Mary In July the first we meet with is the Visitation of Mary instituted and observ'd by the Church of Rome in Honor of the Mother of God and in Memory of her visiting St. Elizabeth after she had Conceiv'd the Son of God at whose presence St. John the Baptist leaped in the Womb of his Mother St. Luke 1.41 This is a Festival in the Roman Rubrick not in ours St. Swithin's-Day On the 15th of this Month is St. Swithin's-Day Swithin Saxon comes from the old English Switheahn that is very High as Celsus with the Romans This name was taken up in Honour of St. Swithin the Holy Bishop of Winchester about the year of our Lord 860 and call'd the Weeping St. Swithin for that about this time Praesepe Aselli two Rainy Constellations in the Sign Cancer arise Cosmically that is together with the Sun or in the same Degree of the Ecliptick with him and commonly cause Rains Cambden Dog-days Dies Caniculares or Sirius certain days that begin toward the latter end of June and end the latter end of August so call'd of Canicula the little Dog-star which then riseth with the Sun being Predominant and greatly increaseth his heat during the time of its Reign 'T is nam'd Sirius from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hâ—e Siccandâ— to dry up Propterea quod fluvios fontes nimio calore exiccet because it dries up the Rivers and Fountains by its Excessive heat vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ab evacuando from evacuating quod Corpora nostra sudoribus evacuet because it cleanseth our Bodies by sweat Here I presume we may appositely insert an account of the Spanish Invasion abstracted out of History because they were Engaged and Discomfitted this Month In the 21th year of the Reign of Q. Eliz. Anno Dom. 1588. the Spanish
Invasion hapned Their Navy consisted of 130 Ships in which there were 19290 Soldiers 8050 Marriners 2080 Gally-Slaves 2630 Great Ordnance and for the greater Sanctification of the Action 12 of their Vessels were call'd by the Names of the 12 Apostles The Commander in Chief of the Fleet was Don Alphonso Duke of Medina the next in Authority was Martin Recalde an Able Seaman They came out of the Groyn in May but were dispersed and the Queen in the mean time made the following Preparations the Lord Charles Howard Lord Admiral of her whole Navy and Sir Francis Drake Vice-Admiral were to be ready at Plimouth the Lord Henry Seymor second Son to the Duke of Somerset with 40 English and Dutch Ships to guard the Coasts of the Netherlands and keep the Prince of Parma from coming forth for Land-Service Thre were placed along our Southern Coasts 20000 Soldiers and two Armies of Trained Men Levied the one commanded by the Earl of Leicester consisting of 1000 Horse and 22000 Foot who pitch'd his Tents at Tilbury over the other appointed as a Guard to Her Majesties Royal Person consisting of 24000 Foot and 2000 Horse the Lord Hunsdon was General Now all things on both sides being in a readiness the Spanish Navy set forth in May as before but were drawn back and distressed and their first Appearance was July the 21th The Admiral of England coming out of Plimouth sent a Pinnace nam'd The Defiance before which by a Great Shot Challenged the Spaniards to Fight and they speedily fell to it but the English had the better The 23th of this Month they had a second Fight where there was little hurt done by the Spaniards the 24th they rested on both sides and the 25th which was St. James his Day they fell to it the third time and the English got the better after which the Spaniards held on their Course and turn'd no more upon us The 27th of the Month towards evening the Spaniards cast Anchor near Calice the English then having 140 Ships tho but 15 of them bore the brunt of the Battle The 28th the Lord Admiral made eight of his worst Vessels Fire-ships and sent them in the Night to the Spanish Fleet at the sight whereof they made a hideous noise cut their Cables with great confusion and astonishment The Spanish Navy being now destitute of many necessary Provisions and no hope of the Prince of Parma's Assistance resolv'd for Spain Northward in which they lost many Ships and Men the English Navy still pursued closely till they were fain to leave them for want of Powder Thus this Invincible Armada for so it was styl'd in a Spanish Bravado that was three whole years preparing in the space of one Month was often beaten and at length put to flight many of their men slain above half their Ships taken and sunk not above 100 of the English missing at the most not so much as a Ship but Cock's small Vessel thus sailing about all Britain by Scotland the Orkneys and Ireland they return'd to Spain with as great dishonour as they set out with Ostentation for indeed Mendosa in France Triumphed before the Victory in Print Now Q. Elizabeth for this Happy Success appointed Prayers and Thanksgiving in all Churches throughout England and She as it were in Triumph came in Person attended with a numerous Train of her Nobility into the City went into the Cathedral of St. Paul's where the Banners taken from the Enemy were publickly exposed to the view of Spectators and there gave thanks to Almighty God in a most humble manner for so great a Deliverance from and defeat of a Foreign Enemy St. James July the 25th is the Feast of St. James Hebr. the same as Jacob the Apostle sirnamed the Greater Brother to St. John the Sons of Zebedee who was both an Apostle and Martyr This is he that Taught the Gospel to the 12 dispersed Tribes and was Murdered by the Sword or as some say Beheaded in Judaea by Herod Agrippa Anno Dom. 45. where he was buried and consequently the first of the 12 Apostles that was translated to the Kingdom of Christ This is one of the King's Collar-Days without Offering St. Anne The next day being the 26th is by some People Celebrated to the Memory of St. Anne Hebr. Gracious who was the Holy Mother of the Blessed Virgin This Day is not in our but the Roman Rubrick lammas-Lammas-Day August begins with a Feast the first being call'd lammas-Lammas-Day the Gule or Yule of August St. Peter advincula or St. Peter's Chains 'T is nam'd Lammas qu. Lamb-mass because on that Day in the time of Popery here among us in England the Tenants that held Lands of the Cathedral Church in York which is Dedicated to St. Peter ad vincula were obliged by their Tenure on that day to bring a live Lamb into the Church whil'st they were singing High-Mass or as some conceive it may take its Derivation from the Saxon Hlarmaesse i.e. Loaf-Mass or Bread-Mass so call'd as a Feast of Thanksgiving to God for the first fruits of the Corn and it seems hath been observ'd with Bread made of new Wheat and accordingly it is a Custom in some Places for Tenants to be bound to bring their Lord that years Wheat on or before the first of August Ham. Resol 2.6 Quaeries p. 465. 'T is call'd the Gule or Yule of August which some Conjecture to be only a Corruption of the British word Gwyl-Awst that is the Feast of August Others again conceive and I think more truly that Gule comes from Gula in Latin or Gueule in French a Throat and St. Peter ad vincula for this Reason following which you have in Durand's Rationali Divinor l. 7. Ca. De festo Sancti Petri ad vincula a Catholick Story that one Quirinus a Tribune of Rome had a Daughter who was troubled with a painful Disease in her Throat and therefore I presume other means failing Addressed himself to his then Holiness Alexander the 6th of that Name from St. Peter and desir'd to borrow or see the Chains that St. Peter was chained with under Nero which Request being obtain'd his Daughter kissing the said Chains was as miraculously as Immediately cur'd of her Malady Credat Judaeus Appella Non Ego whereupon Quirinus with his whole Family turn'd Christians and were baptized Tunc dictus Alexander Papa as Durand hath it hoc Festum in Calendis Augusti Celebrandum Instituit in Honorem Beati Petri Ecclesiam in Urbe Fabricavit ubi Vincula ipsa reposuit ad vincula Nominavit Calendis Augusti Dedicavit so that this Day being before only known by the Name of the Calends of August was afterward upon this very occasion termed either of the Instrument that wrought this Miracle the Day of St. Peter ad vincula or of the part of the Daughter namely the Throat whereon the Miracle was wrought the Gule of August This day is kept by the Papists as they say
Feast in Commemoration of her being presented in the Temple at the age of three years where she Vowed her self to God both Soul and Body St. Clement The 23th is Dedicated to St. Clement Lat. Merciful who was Fellow-Labourer with St. Paul and according to all Probability Rome was his Native Place descended of a Noble Race his Father's Name Faustinus or as some think Faustus he was the Youngest of three Sons he had the good fortune to be under the Pupilage of St. Barnabas in Judaea who came to Rome and followed him to Alexandria Judaea and Caesarea where he met with St. Peter who Discipled Baptized and as some over-consecrated him Bishop of Rome Now that which made him Martyr was this He had Converted the Noble Roman Lady Theodora and her Husband Sisinnius Kinsman and Favorite to the then late Emperor Nerva and for this Torcutianus a Grandee of Rome with the Mutinous Rabble charging him with Magick and Sorcery the Emperor being acquainted therewith by Mamertinus the Praefect he return'd this Answer That he should either Sacrifice to the Gods or be Banished to a disconsolate City beyond the Pontick Sea and was Transported thither to dig in the Mines a horrid Punishment Et mortiproxima here he Converted great Numbers which incensed them so highly that Aufidianus the President by the Emperor's Order Commanded he should be cast into the Sea that the Christians might not find his Body There are many Miracles handed down to us by Tradition of this Pious Man for which see Dr. Cave's Apostolici for we design but an Abridgment He was thus destroy'd on the 24th or as some say the 9th of November in the 3d year of the Emperor Trajan about two years after his Exile he having been nine years and some controverted Months Bishop of Rome St. Andrew The 30th day of this Month is the Festival of St. Andrew Gr. Manly the Brother of Simon Peter by Profession an Indigent Fisherman yet an Holy Apostle and at length a Blessed Martyr who Instructed the Scythians Sacians Sogdians and the Inhabitants of the middle Sebastopolis in the Gospel of Christ After this he Preached in Cappadocia Galatia Bithynia and all along the Euxine Sea Lastly in Thrace Macedonia Thessaly and Achaia where in the Reign of the Emperor Vespasian he was Crucified by the King of the Edessaeans Aegeas by Name and Sepulchred at Patris a City of Achaia Anno Dom. 80. or thereabout This is one of his Majestie 's Collar-Days without Offering Advent-Sunday The next is Advent-Sunday so call'd ab Adventu Domini in Carnem and they are four in number Instituted by the Holy Church to the end that from the first of them until the Nativity of our Blessed Lord we might prepare our Minds for a sober Life and Pious Meditation of his Birth then approaching Parate viam Domini rectas facite semitas Dei nostri and this is the last of the Moveable Feasts in the Calendar The 8th of December is the Conception of the Virgin Mary a Feast among the Romanists Celebrated in Memory of her Miraculous Conception who was conceiv'd by her Parents St. Joachim and St. Anne in their old and infirm Age and Sanctified from the very first instant in her Mothers Womb. The 13th of this Month is in remembrance of St. Lucia Lat. Lightsom or Bright who is by Tradition reputed to be an Unspotted Virgin and Resolute Martyress This is usually counted the Winter Solstice at which time the Sun comes to the Tropick of Capricorn The next Week ensuing is the 4th and last Ember-Week in the year St. Thomas The 21th is Dedicated to St. Thomas the Apostle Tho. is Hebr. a Twin or as some will have it Bottomless pit he was sirnamed Didymus Gr. a Twin because a Twin-born or on some such occasion was our Saviour's Holy Apostle and Martyr who instructed the Parthians Medes and Persians in the Gospel as also the Caramanians Hircanians Bactrians and Magicians and was at last wounded to death with a Dart at Calamina a City in India and there honorably Interr'd Anno Christi 35. This is at White-hall one of the King's Collar-days without Offering Mat. Christ The 25th of December beyond all Controversie is the Day of our Saviour's Nativity at Bethlehem or Christmas-Day as the Saxons use to term their Feasts from the Mass appropriated to the day of which you have an account before which is sufficiently and Learnedly prov'd by Modern Authors namely Edward Fisher Esq in his Vindication of our Gospel-Festivals and the Great Selden in his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or God made Man and by the Ancients St. Austin and St. Chrysostom And of old Epiphany which is Manifestation was taken for Christmass Day upon this Identity of the word it being the time when our Saviour was incarnated or manifested in the flesh In the North of England 't is commonly call'd Yule from the Latin Jubilum which imports a Time of Joy and Festivity The Latin or Western Church nam'd it Luminaria or the Feast of Lights because therein were used abundance of Lights and Tapers or rather as some conceive because Christ the Light of Lights the true Light then came into the World and this is the Foundation and Basis of all the other Christian Festivals and to be Celebrated with greatest Solemnity and Veneration This is a Grand day in His Majesties Court and one of the Houshold-days when the Besant is to be given by the Lord Ste ward or one of the White-Staff Officers Immediately after Christmas follow as Attendants upon that high Festival St. Stephans St Johns and St. Innocents not that this was the very time of their Suffering but because none are thought fitter Attendants on Christ's Nativity who have laid down their Lives for him from whose Birth they receiv'd Spiritual Life Dr. Spar. Rationale of these as they succeed in the Calendar St. Stephan First of St Stephan Gr. a Crown The Proto-Martyr the Holy Writ gives us no particular Satisfaction of the Countrey Parents or Relations of this Pious and Zealous Christian He was a Jew without question and by the Ancients agreed to be ordained one of the 7 Proto-Deacons Ut bona communia curaret eaque viduis Pauperibus rectè distribueret which was but part of their Office for they were elected by our Lord to be the Apostles Coadjutors and Fellow-Labourers not only to distribute justly the Alms of the Church according to their emergent Necessities but to Baptize Preach and Absolve too in some Cases He zealously and strennously confuted the Jews in their erroneous Tenets concerning the true Messiah maintaining that Jesus of Nazareth was the true one foretold by the Prophets He was for this accused of Blasphemy Condemned and Stoned by the Jews at Jerusalem An. Dom. 35. St. Iohn The next in order is St. John's John in the Hebr. signifies Gracious who was the Brother of James an Evangelist and the best Beloved Apostle He taught the Gospel to the Asiaticks but