or_o record_n the_o prince_n in_o be_v have_v only_o a_o right_n from_o possession_n and_o can_v never_o create_v himself_o a_o title_n by_o the_o continuation_n of_o his_o own_o injustice_n or_o command_v any_o of_o his_o subject_n to_o fight_v against_o this_o true_a heir_n since_o they_o be_v to_o obey_v this_o usurper_n p._n 72._o or_o his_o heir_n only_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o tend_v to_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o not_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o true_a governor_n by_o which_o principle_n the_o author_n at_o once_o render_v the_o title_n of_o all_o the_o crown_n in_o europe_n disputable_a and_o all_o allegiance_n uncertain_a and_o questionable_a by_o their_o subject_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o several_a instance_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v from_o history_n of_o unquestionable_a credit_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o our_o own_o country_n england_n if_o therefore_o as_o the_o author_n will_v have_v it_o p._n 69._o the_o usurper_n be_v only_o then_o to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o true_a heir_n when_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o right_a heir_n be_v lose_v by_o all_o the_o subject_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o all_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n that_o reign_v in_o england_n until_o the_o come_n in_o of_o k._n james_n be_v usurper_n for_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n can_v not_o be_v obtain_v by_o conquest_n alone_o and_o i_o suppose_v this_o author_n do_v not_o allow_v it_o to_o be_v bequeathable_a by_o will_n as_o long_o as_o the_o right_a heir_n be_v in_o be_v and_o can_v be_v know_v from_o authentic_a history_n and_o tradition_n now_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o descent_n belong_v after_o the_o death_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n to_o edgar_n atheling_n his_o cousin_n he_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o right_o fall_v to_o maud_n his_o sister_n who_o marry_v malcolm_n iii_n 7._o buchanan_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la scoticus_n lib._n 7._o king_n of_o scotland_n and_o though_o her_o daughter_n maud_n be_v marry_v to_o henry_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n from_o who_o all_o our_o king_n be_v descend_v yet_o the_o right_n be_v not_o in_o she_o but_o in_o edgar_n king_n of_o scotland_n her_o brother_n from_o who_o all_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n to_o king_n james_n be_v descend_v it_o be_v true_a the_o king_n of_o scotland_n be_v too_o wise_a ever_o to_o set_v up_o this_o title_n because_o they_o know_v the_o norman_a race_n be_v quiet_o possess_v of_o the_o throne_n and_o have_v be_v admit_v and_o confirm_v for_o lawful_a king_n by_o many_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n yet_o do_v not_o this_o absolve_v the_o people_n who_o may_v very_o well_o retain_v the_o traditional_a knowledge_n of_o this_o right_a heir_n for_o divine_a right_n never_o die_v nor_o can_v be_v lose_v or_o take_v away_o or_o bar_v by_o prescription_n so_o that_o all_o law_n which_o be_v make_v to_o confirm_v the_o crown_n either_o to_o henry_n i._o or_o 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a_o stand_a army_n which_o he_o may_v have_v ready_a in_o pay_n and_o then_o say_v it_o be_v long_o of_o their_o own_o stubbornness_n who_o will_v not_o give_v it_o he_o free_o when_o they_o may_v have_v do_v it_o and_o they_o shall_v likewise_o be_v without_o these_o good_a law_n the_o author_n suppose_v he_o may_v make_v but_o if_o they_o meet_v he_o will_v not_o let_v they_o sit_v unless_o they_o first_o by_o some_o oath_n or_o recognition_n acknowledge_v his_o title_n to_o be_v good_a and_o own_v he_o as_o their_o lawful_a prince_n now_o what_o shall_v they_o do_v in_o this_o case_n they_o must_v either_o lose_v their_o liberty_n and_o alter_v the_o form_n of_o the_o government_n or_o acknowledge_v he_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o their_o lawful_a prince_n but_o if_o the_o law_n be_v once_o make_v and_o they_o appear_v evident_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n they_o then_o be_v no_o long_o indifferent_a since_o all_o private_a interest_n be_v to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n since_o in_o the_o instance_n before_o give_v of_o the_o father_n of_o a_o family_n be_v be_v drive_v out_o of_o door_n by_o a_o robber_n no_o doubt_n but_o every_o member_n of_o the_o family_n ought_v to_o obey_v this_o rogue_n in_o case_n the_o house_n shall_v be_v on_o fire_n or_o ready_a to_o fall_v and_o he_o will_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o give_v order_n for_o the_o quench_n or_o secure_v it_o from_o fall_v for_o they_o do_v this_o not_o to_o own_o his_o authority_n but_o from_o the_o obligation_n they_o owe_v to_o their_o father_n or_o master_n who_o will_v have_v do_v the_o same_o have_v he_o be_v at_o home_n so_o to_o obey_v law_n make_v by_o a_o usurper_n that_o tend_v to_o the_o apparent_a benefit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v not_o
and_o he_o shall_v find_v they_o manage_v much_o after_o the_o same_o rate_n nor_o have_v these_o difference_n only_o divide_v these_o monarchy_n where_o the_o succession_n be_v never_o well_o settle_v at_o first_o but_o even_o those_o that_o have_v be_v better_o constitute_v and_o where_o one_o will_v belieev_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o crown_n have_v be_v sufficient_o settle_v by_o a_o long_a descent_n of_o king_n for_o many_o hundred_o of_o year_n and_o of_o this_o scotland_n have_v be_v a_o famous_a example_n where_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n alexander_n iii_o and_o his_o grandaughter_n margaret_n of_o norway_n two_o or_o three_o several_a competitor_n claim_v a_o right_a to_o succeed_v but_o omit_v other_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o it_o lay_v between_o john_n baylliol_n and_o robert_n bruce_n earl_n of_o carick_n both_o of_o they_o draw_v their_o descent_n from_o david_n earl_n of_o huntingdon_n great_a uncle_n to_o the_o last_o king_n in_o who_o they_o all_o agree_v the_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n will_v have_v be_v have_v he_o survive_v baylliol_n claim_v as_o elder_a son_n to_o dornagilla_n grandaughter_n to_o margaret_n the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n david_n robert_n bruce_n claim_v as_o elder_a son_n of_o isabel_n the_o second_o daughter_n of_o the_o say_v david_n so_o that_o if_o baylliol_n allege_v his_o descent_n from_o the_o elder_a daughter_n bruce_n be_v not_o behindhand_o but_o plead_v though_o it_o be_v true_a he_o be_v descend_v but_o from_o the_o second_o daughter_n yet_o he_o be_v a_o grandson_n and_o a_o degree_n near_o aught_o to_o succeed_v whereas_o baylliol_n be_v but_o great_a grandson_n to_o earl_n david_n and_o though_o dornagilla_n baylliol_n mother_n be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n with_o himself_o yet_o he_o be_v a_o man_n aught_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o woman_n in_o the_o same_o line_n and_o that_o if_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n will_v have_v give_v it_o to_o dornagilla_n if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o ordinary_a inheritance_n yet_o descent_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v not_o to_o be_v rule_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o other_o inheritance_n in_o short_a this_o dispute_n do_v so_o divide_v the_o nobility_n into_o faction_n and_o puzzle_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o not_o be_v able_a to_o decide_v it_o they_o and_o all_o the_o competitor_n agree_v to_o refer_v the_o controversy_n to_o edward_n i._o king_n of_o england_n one_o of_o the_o wise_a and_o most_o powerful_a prince_n of_o his_o time_n who_o upon_o long_a advice_n and_o debate_n with_o twelve_o of_o the_o learnede_a man_n of_o both_o kingdom_n at_o last_o adjudge_v the_o crown_n to_o baylliol_n or_o as_o the_o scotch_a historian_n relate_v because_o he_o will_v do_v he_o homage_n for_o it_o which_o bruce_n be_v of_o a_o high_a spirit_n refuse_v yet_o this_o do_v not_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o great_a controversy_n for_o though_o baylliol_n be_v thereupon_o admit_v king_n yet_o fall_v out_o not_o long_o after_o with_o king_n edward_n to_o who_o he_o owe_v all_o his_o greatness_n and_o have_v the_o worst_a of_o it_o the_o nobility_n and_o state_n of_o scotland_n revive_v bruce_n title_n and_o declare_v he_o king_n who_o after_o a_o long_a war_n with_o england_n enjoy_v the_o crown_n quiet_o at_o last_o and_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o issue_n who_o posterity_n in_o our_o present_a king_n enjoy_v it_o to_o this_o day_n to_o this_o i_o shall_v add_v one_o example_n more_o from_o portugal_n within_o these_o hundred_o year_n king_n henry_n call_v the_o cardinal_n die_v without_o issue_n there_o be_v a_o great_a controversy_n who_o shall_v succeed_v for_o he_o die_v sudden_o just_a as_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v assemble_v to_o settle_v the_o succession_n for_o he_o declare_v himself_o unable_a to_o decide_v it_o so_o that_o he_o only_o leave_v by_o his_o will_n twelve_o governor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o shall_v govern_v during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la but_o that_o the_o crown_n shall_v descend_v to_o he_o that_o shall_v appear_v to_o they_o to_o have_v the_o best_a title_n four_o eminent_a competitor_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n 1._o antonio_n call_v the_o bastard_n who_o nevertheless_o pretend_v that_o he_o be_v lawful_a son_n to_o don_n lewis_n second_o brother_n to_o henry_n the_o last_o king_n so_o that_o he_o have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v but_o to_o prove_v himself_o legitimate_a 2._o alexander_n duke_n of_o parma_n who_o claim_v as_o grandson_n to_o mary_n elder_a daughter_n to_o don_n duarte_n young_a brother_n to_o the_o last_o king_n henry_n and_o son_n to_o king_n emanuel_n 3._o the_o duke_n of_o braganza_n who_o claim_v as_o son_n to_o katherine_n second_o daughter_n of_o the_o say_a don_n duarte_n yet_o allege_v his_o title_n to_o be_v best_a because_o he_o be_v the_o next_o of_o the_o bloud-royal_a who_o be_v a_o native_a of_o portugal_n as_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o he_o pretend_v aught_o to_o be_v by_o a_o fundamental_a law_n of_o that_o kingdom_n yet_o it_o seem_v that_o law_n be_v not_o then_o so_o well_o know_v or_o otherwise_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o these_o governor_n shall_v not_o have_v admit_v he_o king_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o they_o meet_v 4._o philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o claim_v as_o son_n to_o isabel_n daughter_n of_o emanuel_n king_n of_o portugal_n and_o so_o a_o degree_n near_o than_o the_o rest_n to_o henry_n the_o last_o king_n the_o state_n and_o governor_n differ_v the_o state_n be_v dissolve_v and_o during_o their_o recess_n the_o governor_n not_o agree_v among_o themselves_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n raise_v a_o army_n and_o enter_v portugal_n seize_v the_o city_n of_o lisbon_n and_o consequent_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n submit_v to_o he_o and_o so_o make_v himself_o king_n by_o force_n and_o yet_o we_o have_v see_v in_o his_o grandson_n time_n the_o estate_n of_o portugal_n declare_v this_o title_n void_a and_o the_o crown_n settle_v in_o the_o posterity_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o braganza_n who_o still_o enjoy_v it_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o fundamental_a law_n and_o that_o this_o fundamental_a law_n can_v not_o be_v alter_v but_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o cortes_n or_o state_n appear_v by_o the_o late_a alteration_n of_o this_o constitution_n upon_o the_o treaty_n of_o marriage_n of_o the_o present_a prince_n regent_n daughter_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n and_o how_o much_o even_a king_n themselves_o have_v attribute_v to_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o estate_n appear_v by_o the_o league_n make_v between_o philip_n the_o long_a king_n of_o france_n and_o david_n king_n of_o scot_n wherein_o this_o condition_n be_v express_v that_o if_o there_o shall_v happen_v any_o difference_n about_o the_o succession_n in_o either_o of_o these_o realm_n he_o of_o the_o two_o king_n which_o remain_v alive_a shall_v not_o suffer_v any_o to_o place_n himself_o on_o the_o throne_n but_o he_o who_o shall_v have_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o his_o side_n and_o then_o he_o shall_v with_o all_o his_o power_n oppose_v he_o who_o will_v after_o this_o contest_v for_o the_o crown_n so_o that_o our_o author_n without_o cause_n lay_v the_o fault_n upon_o the_o wilful_a ignorance_n of_o the_o people_n in_o not_o remember_v or_o acknowledge_v the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n when_o the_o able_a and_o wise_a man_n of_o the_o age_n they_o live_v in_o can_v not_o by_o the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o reason_n determine_v which_o be_v he_o and_o our_o author_n shall_v have_v do_v well_o to_o have_v set_v down_o some_o certain_a rule_n how_o the_o people_n may_v be_v assure_v without_o a_o positive_a law_n before_o make_v that_o they_o acknowledge_v the_o right_a heir_n and_o not_o a_o usurper_n to_o his_o prejudice_n chap._n ii_o observation_n on_o the_o direction_n for_o obedience_n in_o doubtful_a time_n and_o other_o place_n of_o his_o patriarcha_fw-la and_o other_o treatise_n but_o since_o this_o author_n rather_o than_o the_o disposal_n of_o a_o crown_n shall_v fall_v to_o the_o decision_n of_o the_o people_n or_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v give_v a_o usurper_n a_o good_a right_n to_o it_o against_o all_o person_n but_o he_o that_o have_v the_o right_a we_o will_v now_o examine_v how_o much_o of_o that_o be_v true_a which_o he_o lay_v down_o in_o his_o direction_n for_o obedience_n to_o governor_n in_o doubtful_a time_n and_o how_o far_o man_n be_v bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o obey_v a_o usurper_n whilst_o he_o that_o have_v right_o be_v keep_v out_o by_o he_o first_o he_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o all_o those_o that_o so_o eager_o strive_v for_o a_o original_a power_n to_o be_v in_o the_o people_n do_v with_o one_o accord_n acknowledge_v that_o original_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v
rate_n his_o power_n now_o increase_v but_o that_o he_o may_v be_v so_o he_o threaten_v to_o cut_v their_o bank_n and_o let_v in_o the_o sea_n to_o drown_v they_o and_o their_o country_n if_o they_o will_v not_o yield_v it_o up_o to_o he_o may_v they_o not_o if_o they_o find_v they_o can_v resist_v he_o submit_v themselves_o to_o he_o and_o make_v the_o best_a term_n they_o can_v for_o themselves_o and_o be_v they_o not_o then_o oblige_v by_o the_o author_n own_o principle_n to_o continue_v his_o subject_n and_o yet_o here_o be_v no_o actual_a war_n or_o inundation_n but_o threat_n only_o to_o force_v they_o to_o this_o submission_n so_o that_o the_o author_n supposition_n be_v false_a that_o no_o case_n can_v happen_v but_o a_o actual_a war_n only_o which_o can_v reduce_v a_o people_n to_o such_o term_n of_o extremity_n as_o to_o compel_v they_o to_o a_o absolute_a abnunciation_n of_o all_o sovereignty_n and_o so_o likewise_o be_v this_o consequence_n also_o which_o he_o assume_v 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the_o french_a be_v not_o so_o scruplous_a but_o in_o the_o absolute_a monarchy_n of_o europe_n plain_o declare_v that_o their_o king_n have_v but_o a_o usufructuary_n right_a to_o his_o kingdom_n and_o the_o territory_n belong_v thereunto_o or_o that_o he_o can_v any_o way_n charge_v they_o with_o his_o debt_n or_o alienate_v or_o dispose_v of_o they_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o state_n of_o france_n 1527._o see_v mezeray_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n 1527._o and_o be_v so_o solemn_o declare_v by_o that_o great_a assemby_n des_fw-fr notable_n call_v by_o k._n francis_n the_o first_o to_o give_v their_o judgement_n of_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n late_o make_v with_o the_o emperor_n charles_n v._o at_o madrid_n their_o sense_n be_v that_o burgundy_n which_o by_o those_o article_n be_v to_o be_v deliver_v up_o be_v a_o inseparable_a member_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o which_o he_o be_v but_o the_o usufructuary_n and_o so_o can_v not_o dispose_v of_o the_o one_o any_o 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as_o the_o author_n word_n it_o since_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o signify_v not_o only_o one_o that_o bare_o receive_v the_o rent_n or_o profit_n but_o likewise_o enjoy_v all_o other_o prerogative_n and_o advantage_n that_o may_v accrue_v to_o he_o as_o the_o true_a owner_n though_o he_o have_v not_o power_n to_o sell_v or_o give_v it_o away_o nor_o i_o suppose_v will_v any_o french_a or_o english_a subject_n unless_o such_o bigoted_a one_o as_o the_o author_n acknowledge_v any_o foreign_a prince_n or_o other_o person_n can_v obtain_v a_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o they_o by_o conquest_n i_o be_o sure_a they_o be_v not_o of_o that_o opinion_n between_o two_o hundred_o and_o three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o when_o the_o king_n of_o england_n bring_v a_o plausible_a title_n into_o france_n and_o have_v it_o back_v by_o almost_o a_o entire_a conquest_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o a_o formal_a setlement_n and_o acknowledgement_n from_o charles_n vi_o then_o king_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o clergy_n of_o france_n at_o paris_n and_o yet_o after_o all_o this_o the_o french_a have_v so_o little_a conscience_n as_o to_o proclaim_v charles_n the_o dauphin_n king_n of_o france_n and_o to_o drive_v the_o english_a out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o renounce_v their_o allegiance_n which_o they_o have_v swear_v to_o our_o king_n henry_n v._o and_o vi_o and_o yet_o the_o author_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v but_o a_o naked_a presumption_n in_o grotius_n to_o suppose_v the_o primary_n will_v of_o the_o people_n to_o have_v be_v ever_o necessary_a 69._o p._n 69._o to_o bestow_v supreme_a power_n in_o succession_n but_o if_o the_o author_n will_v not_o be_v content_a that_o king_n shall_v have_v any_o less_o than_o absolute_a propriety_n in_o the_o crown_n let_v we_o see_v the_o consequence_n of_o this_o doctrine_n for_o the_o crown_n must_v be_v of_o england_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o absolute_a fee_n simple_a and_o be_v consequent_o chargeable_a by_o any_o act_n or_o alienable_a by_o the_o testament_n of_o the_o king_n in_o be_v so_o that_o then_o king_n john_n have_v power_n to_o make_v this_o kingdom_n feudatary_a and_o tributory_a to_o the_o pope_n and_o so_o the_o pope_n have_v still_o a_o good_a title_n to_o it_o and_o since_o religion_n with_o these_o gentleman_n diminish_v nothing_o from_o the_o right_n and_o absoluteness_n of_o monarchy_n the_o same_o king_n may_v have_v make_v over_o his_o kingdom_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o morocco_n as_o the_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n relate_v he_o will_v and_o so_o the_o sarracen_n prince_n may_v have_v enter_v upon_o the_o non-performance_n of_o the_o condition_n and_o have_v turn_v out_o his_o vassal_n and_o be_v king_n here_o himself_o which_o opinion_n how_o contrary_a it_o be_v to_o the_o notion_n which_o king_n themselves_o have_v of_o the_o right_a to_o dispose_v of_o their_o kingdom_n let_v any_o man_n consult_v matthew_n paris_n and_o he_o will_v see_v there_o what_o philip_n agustus_n among_o other_o thing_n tell_v wallo_n the_o pope_n legate_n 280._o anno_fw-la 1216._o p._n 280._o that_o no_o king_n can_v give_v away_o his_o kingdom_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o baron_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v it_o and_o all_o the_o nobility_n there_o present_a begin_v to_o cry_v out_o at_o once_o that_o they_o will_v assert_v this_o privilege_n till_o death_n that_o no_o king_n or_o brince_n can_v by_o his_o sole_a will_n give_v away_o his_o kingdom_n or_o make_v it_o tributary_n by_o which_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o kingdom_n may_v become_v slave_n nor_o do_v the_o english_a nobility_n think_v otherwise_o since_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o take_a arm_n against_o king_n john_n 666._o matt._n paris_n 1245._o p._n 659._o 666._o and_o afterward_o in_o his_o
son_n reign_v we_o find_v the_o procurator_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o england_n declare_v in_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n quod_fw-la universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la nunquam_fw-la i.e._n patres_fw-la nobilium_fw-la vel_fw-la ipsi_fw-la never_o consent_v or_o will_v ever_o consent_v to_o the_o tribute_n unjust_o extort_a by_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n at_o which_o protestation_n his_o holiness_n be_v so_o confound_v that_o our_o author_n tell_v we_o he_o never_o lift_v up_o his_o eye_n or_o have_v a_o word_n to_o reply_v and_o every_o monarch_n have_v as_o absolute_a a_o propriety_n in_o his_o kingdom_n as_o noah_n have_v in_o the_o world_n as_o our_o author_n suppose_v i_o know_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o king_n may_v not_o bequeath_v his_o crown_n to_o which_o of_o his_o son_n he_o please_v no_o matter_n whether_o lawful_o beget_v or_o not_o since_o prince_n be_v above_o all_o term_n or_o positive_a law_n or_o he_o may_v divide_v it_o among_o they_o as_o noah_n do_v the_o world_n to_o his_o three_o son_n so_o that_o upon_o these_o ground_n the_o testament_n of_o henry_n viii_o whereby_o he_o disinherit_v the_o line_n of_o scotland_n and_o that_o of_o edward_n vi_o whereby_o he_o exclude_v his_o sister_n from_o the_o crown_n shall_v have_v be_v valid_a but_o the_o loyal_a subject_n of_o england_n believe_v that_o neither_o of_o those_o king_n can_v disinherit_v the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o their_o testament_n alone_o but_o acknowledge_v they_o in_o the_o person_n of_o queen_n mary_n and_o king_n james_n notwithstanding_o those_o pretend_a wi_n i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a upon_o this_o subject_n that_o man_n that_o do_v not_o much_o consider_v nor_o be_v verse_v in_o these_o matter_n may_v see_v the_o absurd_a wicked_a consequence_n of_o this_o notion_n of_o a_o absolute_a propriety_n and_o dominion_n to_o be_v inseparable_a from_o monarchy_n so_o that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o even_o those_o very_a man_n who_o love_v a_o smatch_n of_o arbitrary_a government_n because_o it_o best_a suit_n with_o their_o temper_n or_o interest_n can_v away_o with_o it_o unmixed_a when_o it_o come_v to_o exert_v all_o its_o prerogative_n thus_o some_o man_n think_v musk_n and_o ambergris_n mix_v which_o other_o ingredient_n make_v a_o agreeable_a perfume_n which_o if_o hold_v to_o their_o nose_n in_o the_o cod_n or_o whole_a lump_n they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o think_v a_o good_a smell_n that_o they_o loathe_v it_o i_o shall_v not_o affirm_v with_o grotius_n that_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v exercise_v by_o king_n do_v not_o cease_v to_o be_v the_o empire_n of_o the_o people_n for_o i_o suppose_v the_o people_n have_v pass_v over_o all_o their_o present_a interest_n in_o it_o to_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o as_o long_o as_o that_o line_n last_v they_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o it_o and_o consequent_o can_v set_v up_o another_o family_n over_o they_o and_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o king_n have_v no_o such_o absolute_a property_n as_o that_o he_o can_v alter_v the_o succession_n otherwise_o than_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o monarchy_n do_v first_o appoint_v which_o be_v make_v by_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n and_o without_o which_o they_o can_v be_v alter_v nor_o be_v there_o any_o fear_n of_o a_o contradiction_n as_o the_o author_n suppose_v that_o the_o succession_n must_v either_o hinder_v the_o right_n of_o alienation_n which_o be_v in_o the_o people_n or_o the_o alienation_n must_v destroy_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n which_o must_v attend_v upon_o elect_a king_n for_o we_o own_v no_o right_n of_o alienation_n in_o the_o people_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v a_o lawful_a heir_n remain_v and_o succeed_v in_o his_o right_n to_o who_o the_o crown_n be_v first_o legal_o settle_v nor_o yet_o do_v therefore_o the_o succession_n diminish_v the_o right_n which_o the_o people_n have_v at_o first_o but_o that_o it_o may_v arise_v and_o take_v place_n again_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v die_v without_o know_a heir_n have_v do_v with_o his_o observation_n upon_o grotius_n vi_o chap._n vi_o i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o his_o anarchy_n of_o a_o limit_a or_o mix_v monarchy_n in_o which_o though_o i_o shall_v not_o undertake_v to_o maintain_v all_o which_o our_o author_n if_o who_o he_o write_v against_o have_v lay_v down_o in_o this_o treatise_n since_o many_o thing_n in_o that_o it_o treat_v be_v write_v according_a to_o irene_n notion_n during_o the_o late_a war_n yet_o i_o hope_v i_o may_v be_v able_a to_o show_v that_o this_o doctrine_n of_o a_o limit_a monarchy_n be_v not_o but_o of_o yesterâ—lay_n as_o our_o author_n will_v have_v it_o but_o that_o all_o the_o learned_a man_n in_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o these_o northern_a kingdom_n have_v hold_v it_o to_o be_v no_o such_o damnable_a doctrine_n but_o that_o the_o contrary_n will_v introduce_v â—ll_a tyranny_n and_o arbitrary_a government_n among_o they_o which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n practise_v in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n but_o it_o seem_v the_o author_n allow_v 260._o 260._o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o mix_a government_n but_o not_o a_o mix_a monarchy_n because_o the_o word_n monarchy_n be_v compound_v of_o two_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d one_o alone_o and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o govern_v or_o rule_n and_o therefore_o monarchy_n be_v the_o government_n of_o one_o man_n alone_o can_v admit_v of_o any_o limitation_n or_o mixture_n but_o what_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v that_o all_o this_o be_v nothing_o but_o wrangle_v about_o word_n since_o why_o may_v not_o he_o be_v call_v a_o monarch_n who_o have_v the_o supreme_a though_o not_o the_o only_a power_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n if_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o country_n allow_v it_o he_o though_o his_o power_n be_v limit_v or_o mix_v as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o roman_n to_o call_v their_o monarch_n but_o imperator_n or_o general_n or_o for_o the_o florentine_n or_o russian_n to_o call_v their_o monarch_n great_a duke_n since_o it_o be_v not_o the_o name_n but_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o power_n that_o create_v the_o difference_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o more_o a_o bull_n or_o contradiction_n than_o to_o call_v that_o which_o i_o now_o write_v out_o of_o a_o inkhorn_n though_o perhaps_o it_o be_v make_v either_o of_o glass_n or_o metal_n so_o the_o first_o monarch_n be_v absolute_a the_o title_n of_o monarch_n may_v now_o be_v by_o eustom_n well_o enough_o apply_v to_o those_o that_o be_v not_o absolute_o so_o but_o to_o pass_v by_o such_o grammar_n nicety_n i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o vindicate_v the_o writer_n of_o this_o treatise_n of_o monarchy_n who_o the_o author_n call_v mr._n hunton_n from_o give_v a_o idea_n of_o a_o government_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o mere_a anarchy_n and_o fiction_n and_o that_o there_o have_v be_v and_o yet_o be_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o government_n as_o a_o limit_a kingship_n which_o if_o the_o author_n be_v so_o dogged_a as_o he_o will_v not_o allow_v it_o the_o name_n of_o a_o monarchy_n we_o can_v help_v it_o let_v his_o friend_n give_v it_o a_o more_o proper_a name_n if_o they_o please_v as_o for_o what_o he_o will_v prove_v out_o of_o that_o author_n word_n that_o every_o monarch_n even_o his_o limit_a monarch_n must_v have_v the_o supreme_a power_n of_o the_o state_n in_o himself_o so_o that_o his_o power_n must_v no_o way_n be_v limit_v by_o any_o power_n above_o he_o for_o than_o he_o be_v no_o monarch_n but_o a_o subordinate_a magistrate_n be_v true_a yet_o i_o do_v not_o see_v that_o the_o author_n contradict_v himself_o as_o the_o observatour_n will_v have_v he_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o page_n that_o in_o a_o moderate_a or_o limit_a monarchy_n the_o supreme_a power_n must_v be_v restrain_v by_o some_o law_n according_a to_o which_o this_o power_n be_v give_v and_o by_o direction_n of_o which_o this_o power_n must_v act_v so_o that_o he_o will_v have_v his_o supreme_a power_n not_o limit_v and_o yet_o restrain_v be_v not_o a_o restraint_n a_o limitation_n and_o if_o restrain_a how_o be_v it_o supreme_a and_o if_o restrain_v by_o some_o law_n be_v not_o the_o power_n of_o that_o law_n and_o of_o they_o that_o make_v it_o above_o his_o supreme_a power_n and_o if_o by_o the_o direction_n of_o such_o law_n only_o he_o must_v govern_v where_o be_v the_o legislative_a power_n which_o be_v the_o chief_n of_o supreme_a power_n when_o the_o law_n must_v rule_v and_o govern_v the_o monarch_n and_o not_o the_o monarch_n the_o law_n he_o have_v then_o at_o best_a but_o a_o gubernative_a or_o executive_a power_n and_o so_o proceed_v to_o quote_v this_o author_n own_o word_n at_o large_a if_o his_o authority_n transcend_v his_o bound_n and_o if_o it_o command_v
in_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n to_o which_o the_o answer_n be_v obvious_a that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a the_o monarch_n pass_v of_o law_n whether_o in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o in_o his_o privy_a council_n be_v but_o a_o matter_n of_o form_n if_o the_o legislative_a power_n remain_v whole_o in_o himself_o yet_o since_o even_o the_o form_n and_o circumstance_n in_o do_v thing_n be_v such_o essential_a thing_n without_o which_o business_n can_v be_v do_v if_o therefore_o the_o people_n make_v it_o part_n of_o their_o original_a contract_n with_o their_o prince_n at_o first_o that_o he_o shall_v make_v no_o law_n but_o what_o shall_v be_v of_o their_o propose_v and_o draw_v up_o and_o that_o he_o may_v refuse_v if_o he_o please_v the_o whole_a but_o shall_v not_o alter_v any_o part_n of_o it_o this_o though_o in_o its_o self_n a_o matter_n of_o form_n yet_o be_v at_o first_o so_o agree_v be_v indeed_o a_o original_n and_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n therefore_o the_o author_n be_v as_o much_o mistake_v in_o his_o divinity_n as_o his_o law_n when_o patriarcha_fw-la p._n 97._o resolve_v the_o question_n in_o the_o affirmative_a whether_o it_o be_v a_o sin_n for_o a_o subject_a to_o disobey_v the_o king_n if_o he_o command_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o his_o law_n that_o the_o subject_a aught_o to_o break_v the_o law_n if_o his_o king_n command_v he_o where_o as_o as_o the_o author_n have_v put_v it_o nothing_o be_v more_o contrary_a to_o law_n and_o reason_n for_o so_o it_o will_v be_v no_o sin_n for_o soldier_n or_o other_o to_o give_v and_o take_v away_o man_n good_n by_o force_n or_o turn_v they_o out_o of_o their_o house_n if_o they_o can_v produce_v the_o king_n commission_n for_o it_o and_o consequent_o it_o be_v no_o sin_n in_o those_o irish_a rebel_n that_o act_v by_o a_o counterfeit_a commission_n under_o sr._n philim_n o_o neal_n for_o though_o it_o be_v forge_v yet_o the_o forgery_n be_v know_v but_o to_o very_a few_o it_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o those_o who_o act_v by_o virtue_n thereof_o all_o one_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v true_a and_o according_a to_o this_o author_n divinity_n 98._o part_v 1_o page_n 98._o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o rise_v and_o cut_v the_o throat_n of_o all_o the_o english_a protestant_n since_o the_o king_n by_o his_o commission_n command_v a_o man_n to_o serve_v he_o in_o the_o war_n he_o may_v not_o examine_v whether_o the_o war_n be_v just_a or_o unjust_a but_o must_v obey_v since_o he_o have_v no_o authority_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n which_o if_o speak_v of_o such_o war_n as_o a_o king_n have_v a_o right_a to_o make_v be_v true_a but_o of_o all_o warin_fw-mi general_n nothing_o be_v more_o false_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o instance_n before_o give_v nor_o be_v the_o example_n the_o author_n there_o bring_v at_o all_o satisfactory_a as_o that_o not_o only_o in_o humane_a law_n but_o also_o in_o divine_a a_o thing_n may_v be_v command_v contrary_a to_o law_n and_o yet_o obedience_n to_o such_o command_n be_v necessary_a the_o sanctify_a the_o sabbath_n be_v a_o divine_a law_n yet_o if_o a_o master_n command_v his_o servant_n not_o to_o go_v to_o church_n upon_o a_o sabbath_n day_n the_o best_a divine_n teach_v we_o that_o the_o servant_n must_v obey_v this_o command_n though_o it_o may_v be_v sinful_a and_o unlawful_a in_o the_o master_n because_o the_o servant_n have_v no_o authority_n or_o liberty_n to_o examine_v or_o judge_v whether_o his_o master_n sin_n or_o no_o in_o so_o command_v where_o if_o the_o author_n suppose_v as_o i_o do_v not_o that_o the_o sunday_n which_o he_o improper_o call_v the_o sabbath_n can_v be_v sanctify_v without_o go_v to_o church_n or_o that_o go_n to_o church_n on_o that_o day_n be_v a_o indispensible_a duty_n the_o master_n command_v the_o contrary_a aught_o no_o more_o to_o be_v obey_v than_o if_o he_o shall_v command_v his_o servant_n to_o rob_v or_o steal_v for_o he_o but_o if_o go_v to_o church_n be_v a_o thing_n indifferent_a or_o dispensible_a at_o some_o time_n than_o the_o author_n put_v a_o fallacy_n upon_o his_o reader_n argue_v from_o the_o non-performance_n of_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v doubtful_a or_o only_o necessary_a secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la in_o which_o case_n the_o subject_a or_o servant_n be_v bind_v to_o obey_v authority_n to_o a_o thing_n of_o another_o kind_n which_o be_v absolute_o unlawful_a since_o it_o be_v sinful_a for_o any_o subject_n to_o obey_v the_o king_n be_v private_a or_o personal_a command_n in_o thing_n unlawful_a and_o contrary_a to_o know_v positive_a law_n the_o law_n only_o set_v the_o bound_n of_o property_n in_o all_o commonwealth_n so_o that_o though_o it_o be_v no_o sin_n in_o turkey_n or_o muscovy_n for_o a_o officer_n to_o go_v and_o setch_v any_o man_n head_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o grand_a signor_n commission_n without_o any_o trial_n or_o accusation_n i_o suppose_v any_o man_n that_o value_v his_o life_n will_v say_v it_o be_v murder_n for_o any_o person_n to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o the_o king_n bare_a commission_n in_o england_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o each_o government_n that_o create_v the_o difference_n not_o that_o i_o do_v affirm_v it_o be_v a_o sin_n in_o all_o case_n for_o a_o subject_a to_o obey_v the_o king_n though_o contrary_a to_o law_n since_o there_o be_v some_o law_n which_o the_o king_n have_v power_n to_o dispense_v with_o and_o other_o which_o he_o have_v not_o and_o other_o which_o he_o may_v dispense_v with_o but_o yet_o only_o for_o the_o public_a good_a in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n but_o to_o affirm_v as_o the_o author_n do_v without_o any_o qualification_n or_o restriction_n that_o it_o be_v a_o sin_n to_o disobey_v the_o king_n personal_a command_n in_o all_o case_n however_o issue_v out_o favour_n of_o mr._n hobbs_n divinity_n as_o well_o as_o law_n nor_o do_v the_o author_n himself_o when_o he_o have_v think_v better_a on_o it_o 99_o patriark_n p._n 99_o assert_v the_o king_n prerogative_n to_o be_v above_o all_o law_n but_o for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o subject_n that_o be_v under_o the_o law_n and_o to_o defend_v the_o people_n right_n as_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o his_o late_a majesty_n in_o his_o speceh_n upon_o his_o answer_n to_o the_o petition_n of_o right_n so_o it_o be_v true_a the_o king_n have_v a_o power_n to_o pardon_v all_o felony_n and_o manslaughter_n and_o perhaps_o murder_v too_o yet_o suppose_v this_o power_n shall_v be_v exert_v but_o for_o one_o year_n towards_o all_o malefactor_n whatsoever_o any_o man_n may_v easy_o imagine_v what_o such_o a_o prerogative_n will_v produce_v so_o that_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n ought_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o all_o such_o command_n and_o where_o that_o fail_v the_o right_a of_o command_v cease_v 99_o ib._n 99_o as_o for_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o court_n of_o chancery_n it_o be_v not_o a_o breach_n of_o the_o king_n preogative_n but_o part_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n so_o no_o man_n that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o law_n or_o reason_n will_v affirm_v that_o it_o be_v a_o court_n of_o that_o exorbitant_a power_n that_o it_o be_v limit_v by_o no_o rule_n or_o bound_n either_o of_o common_a or_o statute_n law_n or_o of_o the_o law_n of_o aequum_fw-la and_o bonum_fw-la or_o that_o every_o thing_n that_o a_o chancellor_n who_o be_v keeper_n of_o the_o king_n conscience_n decree_n must_v be_v well_o and_o true_o decree_v since_o this_o be_v to_o set_v up_o a_o absolute_a tyranny_n but_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o examine_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o reason_n the_o author_n give_v either_o in_o this_o treatise_n or_o his_o patriarcha_fw-la against_o the_o possibility_n of_o a_o limit_a monarchy_n he_o find_v fault_n with_o mr._n h._n 281._o p._n 281._o '_o for_o assert_v that_o a_o monarch_n can_v have_v any_o limitation_n ab_fw-la externo_fw-la and_o that_o the_o sole_a mean_n of_o sovereignty_n be_v consent_n and_o fundamental_a contract_n which_o consent_n put_v they_o in_o their_o power_n which_o can_v be_v no_o more_o nor_o other_o than_o be_v convey_v to_o they_o by_o such_o contract_n of_o subjection_n upon_o which_o our_o author_n inquire_v thus_o if_o the_o sole_a mean_n of_o a_o limit_a monarchy_n be_v the_o consent_n and_o fundamental_a contract_n of_o a_o nation_n how_o be_v it_o that_o he_o say_v a_o monarch_n may_v be_v limit_v by_o after_o condescent_n be_v a_o after_o condescent_n all_o one_o with_o a_o fundamentnl_a contract_n or_o with_o a_o original_n and_o radical_a constitution_n why_o yet_o he_o tell_v we_o it_o be_v a_o secundary_a original_a constitution_n a_o secundary_a original_n that_o be_v a_o second_o first_o
and_o if_o that_o condescent_n be_v a_o act_n of_o grace_n do_v not_o this_o condescent_n to_o a_o limitation_n come_v from_o the_o free_a determination_n of_o the_o monarch_n will_n if_o he_o either_o formal_o or_o virtual_o as_o the_o author_n suppose_v desert_n his_o absolute_a or_o arbitrary_a power_n which_o he_o have_v by_o conquest_n or_o other_o right_n which_o last_o word_n of_o mr._n h._n though_o i_o confess_v they_o be_v ill_o express_v yet_o i_o see_v no_o down_n right_a contradiction_n in_o the_o sense_n mr._n h._n mean_v they_o if_o any_o man_n please_v to_o consult_v he_o he_o there_o say_v that_o a_o monarch_n may_v either_o be_v limit_v by_o original_a constitution_n or_o a_o after_o condescent_n therefore_o these_o word_n the_o sole_a mean_n of_o sovereignty_n be_v the_o consent_n and_o fundamental_a contract_n be_v not_o mean_v of_o a_o limit_a monarchy_n any_o more_o than_o of_o another_o but_o of_o any_o sovereignty_n whatever_o so_o likewife_n though_o these_o word_n a_o secundary_a original_a constitution_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o to_o destroy_v each_o other_o yet_o as_o the_o author_n explain_v himself_o you_o will_v find_v they_o do_v not_o in_o sense_n for_o he_o only_o suppose_v that_o a_o prince_n who_o have_v a_o absolute_a arbitrary_a power_n either_o by_o succession_n or_o election_n find_v it_o not_o so_o safe_a and_o easy_a as_o he_o conceive_v it_o will_v be_v for_o he_o if_o he_o come_v to_o new_a term_n with_o his_o people_n will_v desert_n some_o of_o that_o despotic_a power_n and_o govern_v by_o let_v rule_n or_o law_n which_o he_o oblige_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n by_o oath_n or_o some_o other_o condition_n never_o to_o make_v or_o alter_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o subject_n i_o see_v not_o why_o this_o may_v not_o in_o one_o sense_n be_v call_v a_o second_o original_a constitution_n for_o he_o be_v at_o first_o a_o absolute_a king_n by_o which_o be_v the_o original_a constitution_n and_o his_o come_n to_o new_a term_n with_o they_o may_v be_v term_v in_o respect_n of_o this_o a_o secundary_a original_a constitution_n or_o agreement_n of_o the_o government_n though_o found_v upon_o the_o former_a old_a right_n which_o the_o monarch_n have_v to_o govern_v as_o for_o a_o king_n by_o conquest_n it_o can_v indeed_o in_o respect_n of_o he_o be_v proper_o call_v a_o secundary_a constitution_n since_o the_o conqueror_n have_v no_o right_a to_o claim_v a_o absolute_a subjection_n from_o the_o subject_n until_o they_o submit_v to_o he_o so_o as_o that_o they_o may_v not_o drive_v he_o out_o again_o if_o they_o be_v able_a until_o he_o come_v to_o some_o term_n with_o they_o thus_o i_o think_v no_o sober_a man_n but_o will_v maintain_v that_o the_o people_n of_o england_n may_v lawful_o have_v drive_v out_o william_n i._o call_v the_o conqueror_n suppose_v he_o have_v claim_v by_o no_o other_o title_n but_o conquest_n alone_o which_o when_o he_o have_v swear_v to_o observe_v and_o maintain_v all_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n and_o have_v be_v thereupon_o crown_v and_o receive_v as_o king_n and_o have_v quit_v his_o pretension_n by_o conquest_n or_o force_n and_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n and_o homage_n of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n they_o can_v not_o then_o without_o rebellion_n endeavour_v to_o do_v and_o certain_o have_v he_o not_o think_v his_o title_n by_o conquest_n not_o so_o good_a as_o the_o other_o of_o king_n edward_n testament_n he_o will_v never_o have_v quit_v the_o former_a and_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o his_o predecessor_n so_o likewise_o henry_n i._o paris_n mat._n paris_n from_o who_o all_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n have_v since_o claim_v upon_o his_o election_n and_o coronation_n for_o other_o title_n he_o have_v none_o grant_v a_o charter_n whereby_o he_o renounce_v divers_a illegal_a practice_n which_o flatterer_n may_v call_v prerogative_n which_o his_o father_n and_o brother_n have_v exercise_v contrary_a to_o king_n edward_n law_n and_o their_o own_o coronation_n oath_n so_o that_o here_o be_v a_o example_n of_o one_o of_o the_o author_n absolute_a monarch_n who_o by_o a_o right_n of_o conquest_n may_v pretend_v to_o the_o exercise_n of_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n yet_o renounce_v it_o and_o only_o retain_v so_o much_o as_o may_v serve_v for_o the_o well_o govern_v of_o his_o subject_n and_o his_o own_o security_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o true_a which_o this_o author_n affirm_v that_o this_o accept_v of_o so_o much_o power_n as_o the_o people_n please_v to_o give_v he_o since_o they_o neither_o desire_v nor_o do_v he_o grant_v they_o any_o more_o but_o those_o just_a right_n they_o have_v long_o before_o enjoy_v under_o their_o former_a king_n before_o his_o father_n come_v into_o england_n however_o i_o conceive_v this_o wise_a prince_n be_v of_o the_o opinion_n of_o theopompus_n king_n of_o lacedaemon_n lycurgo_n plut._n in_o lycurgo_n who_o when_o his_o wife_n upbraid_v he_o that_o he_o will_v leave_v the_o royal_a dignity_n to_o his_o son_n less_o than_o he_o find_v it_o no_o rather_o reply_v he_o great_a as_o more_o durable_a and_o therefore_o plutarch_n in_o the_o same_o place_n ascribe_v the_o long_a continuance_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a kingdom_n to_o the_o limit_a power_n of_o their_o king_n in_o these_o word_n '_o and_o indeed_o when_o envy_n be_v remove_v from_o king_n together_o with_o excess_n of_o power_n it_o follow_v that_o they_o have_v no_o cause_n to_o fear_v that_o which_o happen_v to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o massenians_n and_o argive_n from_o their_o subject_n but_o because_o this_o author_n tell_v mr._n h._n that_o if_o we_o shall_v ask_v what_o proof_n or_o example_n he_o have_v to_o justify_v his_o doctrine_n of_o a_o limit_a monarchy_n in_o the_o constitution_n he_o will_v be_v as_o mute_a as_o a_o fish_n we_o will_v show_v two_o or_o three_o example_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o such_o limit_a monarchy_n though_o they_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o model_n with_o those_o that_o be_v at_o this_o day_n find_v among_o the_o german_n and_o other_o northern_a nation_n descend_v from_o thence_o in_o macedon_n the_o king_n descend_v of_o caranus_n as_o callisthenes_n say_v in_o arrian_n do_v obtain_v a_o empire_n over_o the_o macedonian_n not_o by_o force_n but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o law_n so_o curtius_n lib._n iu._n the_o macedonian_n be_v use_v to_o kingly_a government_n but_o in_o a_o great_a appearance_n of_o liberty_n than_o other_o nation_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o life_n of_o their_o subject_n be_v not_o at_o their_o disposal_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o same_o author_n lib._n vi_o the_o army_n by_o a_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o macedonian_n do_v judge_n of_o capital_a cause_n i._n e._n in_o time_n of_o war_n but_o in_o peace_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o people_n the_o power_n of_o their_o king_n signify_v little_a unless_o his_o authority_n be_v before_o of_o some_o force_n and_o this_o be_v by_o original_a constitution_n for_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o ever_o the_o king_n of_o macedon_n alter_v any_o thing_n in_o their_o original_a constitution_n yet_o they_o have_v the_o sovereignty_n in_o most_o thing_n and_o their_o person_n be_v sacred_a so_o likewise_o among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n where_o romulus_n from_o a_o captain_n of_o volunteer_n become_v a_o king_n dyonisius_n halicar_n lib._n ii_o tell_v we_o that_o after_o romulus_n have_v make_v a_o speech_n to_o his_o soldier_n and_o follower_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o he_o leave_v it_o to_o they_o to_o consider_v what_o government_n they_o will_v choose_v for_o whatsoever_o they_o pitch_v upon_o he_o shall_v submit_v to_o it_o and_o though_o he_o do_v think_v himself_o unworthy_a the_o principality_n yet_o he_o shall_v not_o refuse_v to_o obey_v their_o command_n conclude_v that_o he_o think_v it_o a_o honour_n for_o he_o to_o have_v be_v declare_v the_o leader_n of_o so_o great_a a_o colony_n and_o to_o have_v a_o city_n call_v by_o his_o name_n whereupon_o the_o people_n after_o some_o deliberation_n among_o themselves_o choose_v he_o their_o king_n or_o limit_a monarch_n since_o both_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n have_v from_o the_o very_a beginning_n their_o particular_a share_n in_o the_o government_n the_o senate_n make_v this_o great_a counsel_n which_o yet_o be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o patrician_n by_o the_o tribe_n 11._o dyon_n hal._n lib._n 11._o and_o curiae_fw-la with_o these_o he_o consult_v and_o refer_v all_o business_n of_o lesser_a moment_n which_o he_o do_v not_o care_n to_o dispatch_v himself_o for_o be_v reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o last_o appeal_n in_o cause_n and_o to_o be_v pontifex_n maximus_n or_o chief_a priest_n and_o preserver_n
of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n as_o also_o to_o be_v chief_n general_n in_o war_n but_o to_o the_o people_n be_v reserve_v these_o three_o privilege_n to_o create_v magistrate_n to_o ordain_v law_n and_o to_o decree_v peace_n and_o war_n the_o king_n refer_v it_o to_o they_o so_o that_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o senate_n do_v join_v in_o these_o thing_n though_o this_o custom_n be_v change_v for_o now_o the_o senate_n do_v not_o confirm_v the_o decree_n of_o the_o people_n but_o the_o people_n those_o of_o the_o senate_n but_o he_o add_v both_o dignity_n and_o power_n to_o the_o senate_n that_o they_o shall_v judge_v those_o thing_n which_o the_o king_n refer_v to_o they_o by_o major_a part_n of_o the_o vote_n and_o this_o he_o borrow_v from_o the_o lacedaemonian_a commonwealth_n for_o the_o lacedaemonian_a king_n be_v not_o at_o their_o own_o liberty_n to_o do_v whatever_o they_o please_v but_o the_o senate_n have_v power_n in_o matter_n appertain_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o because_o these_o example_n may_v seem_v too_o stale_a or_o remote_a let_v we_o now_o consider_v all_o the_o kingdom_n that_o have_v be_v erect_v upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n by_o those_o northern_a nation_n that_o overran_a it_o and_o see_v if_o there_o be_v so_o much_o as_o one_o kingdom_n among_o they_o that_o be_v not_o limit_v as_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n erect_v in_o italy_n africa_n and_o spain_n the_o author_n confess_v they_o be_v limit_v or_o rather_o mix_v since_o their_o king_n be_v depose_v by_o the_o people_n whenever_o they_o displease_v they_o so_o likewise_o for_o the_o successor_n of_o those_o gothick_n prince_n in_o castille_n portugal_n arragon_n and_o navarre_n and_o the_o other_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n he_o that_o will_v read_v the_o history_n of_o those_o kingdom_n will_v find_v they_o to_o have_v be_v all_o limit_a or_o rather_o mix_v and_o to_o have_v have_v assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n xviii_o mariana_n lib._n xviii_o without_o who_o consent_n those_o king_n can_v ancient_o neither_o make_v law_n nor_o raise_v money_n upon_o their_o subject_n and_o as_o for_o arragon_n in_o particular_a they_o have_v a_o popular_a magistrate_n call_v the_o chief_n justiciary_a who_o do_v in_o all_o case_n oppose_v and_o cancel_v the_o order_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o where_o they_o exceed_v the_o just_a bound_n of_o his_o power_n and_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n though_o indeed_o now_o since_o the_o time_n of_o ferdinand_n and_o isabel_n the_o king_n rely_v upon_o their_o own_o power_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n they_o receive_v from_o the_o judge_n and_o the_o great_a addition_n of_o territory_n have_v presume_v to_o infringe_v many_o of_o their_o just_a right_n and_o privilege_n and_o as_o for_o the_o kingdom_n erect_v by_o franc_n in_o germany_n and_o gaul_n which_o we_o now_o call_v german_a empire_n and_o kingdom_n of_o france_n as_o for_o the_o former_a any_o one_o that_o willread_o the_o ancient_a french_a and_o german_a historian_n will_v find_v that_o the_o king_n of_o germany_n can_v not_o do_v any_o thing_n of_o moment_n not_o so_o much_o as_o declare_v a_o successor_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o great_a counsel_n of_o nobility_n and_o clergy_n and_o as_o to_o the_o latter_a as_o absolute_a as_o it_o seem_v at_o present_a it_o be_v a_o few_o age_n past_a almost_o as_o much_o limit_v if_o not_o more_o than_o its_o neighbour_n for_o the_o king_n of_o france_n can_v not_o ancient_o make_v law_n raise_v any_o public_a war_n wherein_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n be_v bind_v to_o assist_v he_o or_o levy_v tax_n upon_o their_o subject_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n but_o those_o assembly_n be_v at_o first_o discontinue_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a war_n which_o henry_n v._n and_o henry_n the_o vi_o king_n of_o england_n make_v upon_o they_o 7._o phil._n com._n livre_fw-fr vi_o cap._n 7._o to_o which_o mezeray_v in_o his_o history_n tell_v we_o france_n owe_v the_o loss_n of_o its_o liberty_n and_o the_o change_n of_o its_o law_n in_o who_o time_n they_o give_v their_o king_n charles_n vii_o a_o power_n to_o raise_v money_n without_o they_o which_o trick_n when_o once_o find_v out_o appear_v so_o sweet_a to_o his_o successor_n that_o they_o will_v never_o full_o part_v with_o it_o again_o and_o lewis_n the_o xi_o by_o weaken_v his_o nobility_n and_o people_n by_o constant_a taxation_n and_o maintain_v faction_n among_o they_o brag_v that_o he_o have_v metre_n les_fw-fr roys_n du_fw-fr france_n xviii_o com._n liv._o v._o chap._n xviii_o bring_v the_o king_n of_o france_n horse_n du_fw-fr page_n or_o out_o of_o worship_n whereas_o the_o author_n last_o mention_v remark_n that_o he_o may_v have_v say_v with_o more_o truth_n les_fw-fr mettredu_fw-fr sense_n horse_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr raison_fw-fr and_o yet_o we_o find_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n viii_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n give_v that_o king_n the_o sum_n of_o two_o million_o and_o a_o half_a of_o franc_n and_o promise_v he_o after_o two_o year_n they_o will_v supply_v he_o again_o it_o seem_v comines_n in_o the_o same_o place_n do_v not_o look_v upon_o this_o as_o a_o thing_n quite_o go_v and_o out_o of_o fashion_n since_o he_o then_o esteem_v this_o as_o the_o only_a just_a and_o legal_a way_n of_o raise_v money_n in_o that_o kingdom_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n immediate_o after_o be_v it_o towards_o such_o object_n as_o these_o mean_v the_o nobility_n and_o people_n that_o the_o king_n be_v to_o insist_v upon_o his_o prerogative_n and_o take_v at_o his_o pleasure_n what_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o give_v will_v it_o not_o be_v more_o just_a both_o towards_o god_n and_o the_o world_n to_o raise_v money_n this_o way_n than_o by_o violence_n and_o force_v nor_o be_v there_o any_o prince_n who_o can_v raise_v money_n any_o other_o way_n unless_o by_o violence_n and_o force_v and_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n speak_v of_o those_o who_o be_v against_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n at_o that_o time_n that_o there_o be_v some_o but_o those_o neither_o considerable_a for_o quality_n or_o virtue_n who_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o diminution_n to_o the_o king_n authority_n to_o talk_v of_o assemble_v the_o estate_n and_o no_o less_o than_o treason_n against_o he_o but_o it_o be_v they_o themselves_o who_o commit_v that_o crime_n against_o god_n the_o king_n and_o their_o country_n and_o those_o who_o use_v these_o expression_n be_v such_o as_o be_v in_o authority_n without_o desert_n unfit_a for_o any_o thing_n but_o flattery_n whisper_v trifle_n and_o story_n into_o the_o ear_n of_o their_o master_n which_o make_v they_o apprehensive_a of_o these_o assembly_n lest_o they_o shall_v take_v cognizance_n of_o they_o and_o their_o manner_n but_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v for_o such_o honest_a expression_n as_o these_o that_o katherine_n de_fw-fr midice_n queen_n of_o france_n say_v that_o comines_n have_v make_v as_o many_o heretic_n in_o politic_n as_o calvin_n have_v do_v in_o religion_n that_o be_v because_o he_o open_v man_n eye_n and_o make_v they_o understand_v a_o little_a of_o that_o they_o call_v kingcraft_n but_o however_o in_o some_o province_n of_o france_n as_o in_o languedoc_n and_o provence_n though_o the_o king_n be_v never_o deny_v whatever_o he_o please_v to_o demand_v yet_o they_o still_o retain_v so_o much_o of_o the_o shadow_n of_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n as_o not_o to_o be_v tax_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the._n assembly_n of_o estate_n consist_v of_o the_o nobility_n clergy_n and_o burgess_n of_o great_a town_n and_o city_n which_o however_o be_v some_o ease_n to_o they_o not_o to_o have_v their_o money_n take_v by_o edict_n so_o hungary_n which_o be_v erect_v by_o the_o huns_n a_o stirp_v of_o the_o european_a scythian_n by_o which_o you_o may_v judge_v the_o ancient_a form_n of_o government_n be_v much_o the_o same_o as_o that_o of_o the_o german_n all_o history_n grant_v that_o kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v limit_v and_o to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o form_n with_o that_o of_o the_o other_o northern_a nation_n nay_o which_o be_v more_o to_o have_v have_v a_o palatine_a who_o can_v hinder_v the_o king_n from_o ordain_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o as_o for_o poland_n the_o author_n can_v deny_v but_o it_o be_v limit_v in_o many_o thing_n but_o as_o he_o only_o take_v notice_n of_o those_o thing_n in_o which_o the_o king_n have_v power_n so_o he_o omit_v most_o of_o those_o in_o which_o he_o have_v none_o as_o in_o raise_v of_o money_n or_o make_v law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o diet._n so_o
likewise_o in_o denmark_n the_o author_n himself_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o kingdom_n be_v limit_v for_o he_o can_v not_o before_o the_o late_a war_n with_o sweden_n either_o make_v war_n or_o peace_n raise_v money_n or_o make_v law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o senate_n who_o be_v a_o constant_a representative_a of_o all_o the_o nobility_n but_o for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a king_n or_o for_o the_o make_n of_o new_a law_n the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o clergy_n be_v to_o be_v present_a and_o consent_n as_o for_o scotland_n the_o government_n of_o it_o have_v always_o so_o much_o resemble_v england_n that_o it_o be_v now_o the_o same_o prince_n i_o shall_v not_o say_v more_o of_o it_o but_o that_o it_o have_v always_o be_v a_o limit_a if_o not_o a_o mix_a government_n in_o sweden_n the_o king_n power_n be_v much_o the_o same_o only_o the_o commons_o have_v representative_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n which_o they_o have_v not_o in_o poland_n and_o denmark_n but_o in_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n the_o king_n until_o of_o late_o that_o they_o become_v hereditary_a be_v never_o receive_v or_o own_v as_o lawful_a until_o they_o be_v crown_v and_o have_v swear_v to_o observe_v and_o maintain_v the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n but_o the_o author_n think_v he_o have_v get_v a_o great_a advantage_n because_o he_o find_v that_o in_o poland_n and_o denmark_n the_o commons_o have_v no_o representative_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n and_o that_o therefore_o in_o some_o limit_a monarchy_n the_o whole_a community_n in_o its_o underive_v majesty_n do_v not_o ever_o convene_v to_o justice_n which_o signify_v little_a for_o these_o that_o be_v now_o the_o nobility_n may_v be_v heir_n to_o those_o that_o once_o have_v the_o whole_a propriety_n of_o the_o country_n in_o their_o hand_n when_o these_o kingdom_n be_v erect_v and_o so_o though_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n increase_v yet_o the_o ancient_a nobility_n never_o admit_v they_o into_o a_o share_n of_o the_o government_n as_o in_o venice_n without_o doubt_n all_o the_o ancient_n planter_n of_o those_o island_n have_v vote_n in_o the_o government_n and_o it_o be_v then_o popular_a though_o it_o be_v now_o restrain_v to_o the_o ancient_a family_n or_o those_o new_a one_o they_o now_o admit_v and_o be_v much_o such_o a_o other_o cavil_n as_o that_o in_o england_n before_o the_o reduce_v the_o nobiles_fw-la minores_fw-la to_o two_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n the_o commons_o have_v no_o vote_n in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n which_o opinion_n see_v confute_v in_o mr._n petyt_n treatise_n of_o the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n and_o in_o the_o learned_a treatise_n call_v jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la facies_fw-la nova_fw-la and_o this_o appear_v more_o plain_o in_o denmark_n where_o every_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n or_o territory_n be_v a_o nobleman_n and_o have_v a_o vote_n in_o the_o diet_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n or_o else_o it_o may_v have_v begin_v as_o in_o poland_n which_o be_v but_o a_o association_n of_o so_o many_o petty_a prince_n for_o mutual_a defence_n under_o a_o elective_a head_n who_o when_o they_o enter_v into_o this_o confederac_n reserve_v to_o themselves_o the_o power_n they_o have_v before_o over_o their_o subject_n and_o vassal_n which_o how_o absolute_a that_o be_v any_o man_n may_v find_v that_o understand_v the_o sclavonian_n genius_n in_o so_o much_o that_o from_o the_o absolute_a subjection_n of_o that_o people_n to_o their_o lord_n we_o have_v the_o word_n slave_n to_o this_o day_n but_o the_o author_n himself_o confess_v the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n to_o be_v limit_v but_o it_o be_v only_o by_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v for_o all_o this_o force_a to_o please_v the_o king_n and_o to_o second_v his_o will_n to_o avoid_v discord_n which_o be_v very_o true_a and_o be_v requisite_a in_o all_o limit_a government_n that_o the_o king_n nobility_n and_o people_n shall_v agree_v and_o as_o it_o be_v their_o duty_n to_o comply_v with_o his_o desire_n as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v without_o give_v up_o their_o liberty_n life_n and_o fortune_n absolute_o to_o his_o disposal_n so_o it_o be_v he_o to_o answer_v his_o people_n desire_n in_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v for_o their_o benefit_n not_o that_o i_o praise_v the_o form_n of_o government_n in_o poland_n since_o of_o all_o those_o that_o own_o the_o name_n of_o king_n i_o be_o so_o far_o of_o the_o author_n mind_n as_o to_o think_v it_o most_o liable_a to_o civil_a dissension_n but_o before_o i_o dismiss_v this_o subject_a i_o must_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o mistake_n in_o the_o last_o page_n of_o this_o author_n present_a treatise_n which_o be_v that_o the_o people_n or_o community_n in_o all_o these_o three_o realm_n be_v as_o absolute_a vassal_n as_o any_o in_o the_o world_n which_o be_v not_o true_a unless_o it_o be_v affirm_v of_o the_o vilain_n or_o vassal_n of_o the_o nobility_n which_o be_v grant_v be_v more_o absolute_a vilain_n than_o we_o be_v in_o england_n but_o as_o for_o the_o free_a bear_v suecia_n see_v pontanus_n hist_n dan._n soterus_a de_fw-mi stat._n suecia_n or_o ordinary_a freeholders_n in_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n and_o for_o the_o merchant_n and_o artificer_n dwell_v in_o town_n and_o city_n they_o have_v all_o their_o distinct_a privilege_n and_o be_v free_a both_o their_o person_n and_o fortune_n and_o can_v be_v oppress_v by_o the_o nobility_n nor_o tax_v but_o by_o the_o diet_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n but_o perhaps_o the_o author_n friend_n may_v now_o cavil_v and_o say_v that_o these_o be_v no_o monarchy_n at_o all_o because_o a_o monarchy_n be_v the_o government_n of_o one_o alone_a in_o which_o neither_o nobility_n nor_o people_n have_v any_o share_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o than_o that_o these_o people_n call_v their_o government_n monarchy_n as_o participate_v more_o of_o that_o then_o any_o other_o form_n and_o they_o be_v own_v to_o be_v true_a king_n all_o the_o world_n over_o and_o if_o the_o gentleman_n of_o the_o author_n opinion_n will_v quarrel_v about_o word_n my_o business_n be_v not_o to_o dispute_v from_o grammar_n but_o reason_n so_o that_o these_o kingdom_n may_v be_v call_v monarchy_n as_o they_o be_v in_o europe_n but_o if_o these_o gentleman_n think_v it_o not_o fit_a to_o call_v they_o so_o let_v they_o consider_v how_o much_o all_o this_o author_n discourse_n will_v concern_v our_o government_n in_o england_n or_o elsewhere_o in_o europe_n have_v now_o take_v a_o short_a view_n of_o the_o ancient_a government_n of_o most_o of_o the_o modern_a kingdom_n that_o have_v be_v erect_v since_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n we_o will_v conclude_v with_o the_o government_n of_o our_o own_o country_n and_o inquire_v whether_o ever_o it_o be_v a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n or_o no._n as_o for_o the_o original_a of_o the_o saxon_a government_n it_o be_v evident_a out_o of_o tacitus_n and_o other_o author_n that_o the_o ancient_a german_n from_o who_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n descend_v and_o of_o which_o nation_n they_o be_v a_o part_n never_o know_v what_o belong_v to_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a power_n in_o their_o prince_n and_o after_o the_o saxon_n come_v in_o and_o the_o heptarchy_n have_v be_v erect_v in_o this_o island_n the_o ancient_a form_n of_o government_n be_v not_o alter_v as_o i_o shall_v prove_v by_o and_o by_o therefore_o though_o the_o monkish_a writer_n of_o those_o time_n have_v be_v short_a and_o obscure_a in_o that_o which_o be_v most_o material_a in_o a_o history_n viz._n the_o form_n of_o their_o government_n and_o manner_n of_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n among_o they_o stuff_v up_o their_o book_n with_o unnecessary_a story_n of_o miracle_n and_o foundation_n of_o church_n and_o abbey_n yet_o so_o much_o be_v to_o be_v pick_v out_o of_o they_o that_o the_o government_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a which_o be_v that_o on_o which_o our_o monarchy_n be_v graft_v be_v not_o despotical_a but_o limit_v by_o law_n that_o the_o king_n can_v not_o seize_v man_n land_n or_o good_n without_o process_n that_o he_o can_v not_o make_v law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o wittena_n gemote_a or_o great_a counsel_n nor_o take_v away_o man_n life_n without_o a_o legal_a trial_n by_o their_o peer_n treatise_n see_n mr._n petyt_n be_v preface_n to_o his_o forementioned_a treatise_n and_o that_o this_o government_n have_v never_o be_v alter_v but_o confirm_v by_o their_o successor_n both_o of_o the_o danish_a and_o norman_a race_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o charter_n and_o confirmation_n and_o many_o confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o other_o statute_n as_o there_o be_v no_o man_n that_o be_v but_o moderate_o verse_v in_o the_o
history_n and_o law_n of_o his_o country_n but_o very_o well_o know_v and_o that_o this_o opinion_n of_o england_n be_v a_o limit_a monarchy_n be_v no_o new_a one_o but_o own_v to_o be_v so_o by_o our_o king_n themselves_o we_o may_v appeal_v to_o the_o last_o word_n of_o magna_n charta_n itself_o concessimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la eisdem_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la et_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la nos_fw-la nec_fw-la haeredes_fw-la nostri_fw-la aliquid_fw-la perquiremus_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la libertates_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la charta_fw-la contentae_fw-la infringantur_fw-la vel_fw-la infirmentur_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la ab_fw-la aliquo_fw-la contra_fw-la hoc_fw-la aliquid_fw-la perquisitum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la nihil_fw-la valeat_fw-la et_fw-la pro_fw-la nullo_n habeatur_fw-la and_o this_o his_o late_a majesty_n of_o bless_a memory_n who_o best_o know_v the_o extent_n of_o his_o own_o power_n say_v in_o his_o declaration_n from_o new-market_n martij_fw-la 9_o 1641._o that_o the_o law_n to_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o his_o power_n and_o if_o the_o law_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o it_o than_o his_o power_n be_v limit_v for_o what_o be_v a_o measure_n but_o the_o bound_n or_o limit_n of_o the_o thing_n measure_v so_o likewise_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o both_o house_n concern_v the_o militia_n speak_v of_o the_o man_n name_v by_o he_o if_o more_o power_n shall_v be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v grant_v to_o they_o than_o by_o law_n be_v in_o the_o crown_n itself_o his_o majesty_n hold_v it_o reasonable_a that_o the_o same_o be_v by_o law_n first_o vest_v in_o he_o with_o power_n to_o transfer_v it_o to_o those_o person_n in_o which_o passage_n his_o majesty_n plain_o grant_v that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v limit_v by_o law_n and_o that_o the_o king_n have_v no_o other_o prerogative_n than_o be_v vest_v in_o he_o thereby_o nor_o be_v this_o any_o new_a doctrine_n or_o indict_v by_o person_n disaffect_v to_o monarchy_n and_o which_o have_v but_o new_o come_v off_o from_o the_o parliament_n side_n by_o the_o apparent_a justice_n of_o his_o late_a majesty_n cause_n as_o mr._n hobbs_n in_o his_o little_a dialogue_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o england_n do_v insinuate_v but_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_a lawyer_n many_o hundred_o year_n ago_o bracton_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 2._o write_v thus_o li._n i._o cap._n 8._o ipse_fw-la autem_fw-la rex_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la sub_fw-la homine_fw-la sed_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la et_fw-la lege_fw-la quia_fw-la lex_fw-la facit_fw-la regem_fw-la attribuit_fw-la igitur_fw-la rex_fw-la legi_fw-la quod_fw-la lex_fw-la attribuit_fw-la ei_o viz._n dominationem_fw-la et_fw-la potentiam_fw-la non_fw-fr est_fw-fr enim_fw-la rex_fw-la ubi_fw-la dominatur_fw-la voluntas_fw-la et_fw-la non_fw-la lex_fw-la and_o li._n iii_o cap._n 9_o rex_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la bene_fw-la regit_fw-la tyrannus_n dum_fw-la populum_fw-la sibi_fw-la creditum_fw-la violenta_fw-la opprimit_fw-la dominatione_fw-la quod_fw-la hoc_fw-la sanxit_fw-la lex_fw-la humana_fw-la quod_fw-la leges_fw-la ligent_fw-la suum_fw-la laterem_fw-la if_o this_o be_v law_n we_o have_v a_o tyrant_n as_o well_o describe_v as_o by_o any_o definition_n in_o aristotle_n also_o that_o the_o king_n alone_o can_v make_v a_o law_n li._n i._o cap._n 1._o so_o likewise_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n fortescue_n in_o his_o excellent_a treatise_n de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la legum_n angliae_fw-la dedicate_v to_o prince_n edward_n only_a son_n to_o henry_n the_o vi_o and_o certain_o write_v to_o he_o who_o it_o most_o concern_v to_o know_v those_o prerogative_n he_o may_v one_o day_n enjoy_v he_o will_v not_o make_v they_o less_o than_o real_o they_o be_v cap._n 9_o he_o instruct_v the_o prince_n thus_o non_fw-la potest_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la ad_fw-la libitum_fw-la suum_fw-la mutare_fw-la leges_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la principatu_fw-la namque_fw-la nedum_fw-la regali_fw-la sed_fw-la et_fw-la politico_fw-la ipse_fw-la svo_fw-la populo_fw-la dominatur_fw-la populus_fw-la enim_fw-la iis_fw-la legibus_fw-la gubernatur_fw-la quas_fw-la ipse_fw-la fert_fw-la cum_fw-la legis_fw-la vigorem_fw-la habeat_fw-la quicquid_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la et_fw-la de_fw-la consensu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la et_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la communi_fw-la sponsione_n authoritate_fw-la regis_fw-la sive_fw-la principis_fw-la praecedente_fw-la just_a fuerit_fw-la difinitum_fw-la et_fw-la approbatum_fw-la and_o the_o parliament_n rol._n 18._o e._n 1._o num_fw-la 41._o quote_v in_o lord_n cook_n be_v inst_z 4._o pt_n acknowledge_v the_o same_o homines_fw-la de_fw-fr cheshire_n qui_fw-la onerati_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la servientibns_fw-la pacis_fw-la sustentandis_fw-la petunt_fw-la exonerari_fw-la de_fw-la oneribus_fw-la statuti_fw-la winton_n '_o &c._n &c._n the_o king_n answer_n be_v rex_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la consilium_fw-la mutandi_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la nec_fw-la statuta_fw-la revocandi_fw-la so_o likewise_o cap._n 18._o speak_v of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n non_fw-la enim_fw-la emanant_fw-la illa_fw-la à _fw-la principis_fw-la solùm_fw-la voluntate_fw-la ut_fw-la leges_fw-la in_o regnis_fw-la quae_fw-la tantum_fw-la regaliter_fw-la gubernantur_fw-la ubi_fw-la quandoque_fw-la statuta_fw-la ita_fw-la constituentis_fw-la procurant_fw-la commoditatem_fw-la singularem_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o ejus_fw-la subditorâ—m_fw-la ipsum_fw-la redundant_fw-la dispendium_fw-la et_fw-la jaciuram_fw-la sed_fw-la concito_fw-la reformari_fw-la possunt_fw-la dum_fw-la non_fw-la sine_fw-la communitatis_fw-la et_fw-la procerum_fw-la regni_fw-la illius_fw-la assensu_fw-la primitus_fw-la emanarunt_fw-la so_o cap._n 13._o et_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la caput_fw-la corperis_fw-la physici_fw-la nervos_fw-la suos_fw-la commutare_fw-la neque_fw-la membris_fw-la suis_fw-la proprias_fw-la vires_fw-la et_fw-la propria_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la alimenta_fw-la denegare_fw-la nec_fw-la rex_fw-la qui_fw-la caput_fw-la est_fw-la corporis_fw-la politici_fw-la mutare_fw-la potest_fw-la leges_fw-la corporis_fw-la illius_fw-la nec_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la populi_n substantias_fw-la proprias_fw-la substrabere_fw-la reclamantibus_fw-la iis_fw-la a_o invitis_fw-la and_o conclude_v thus_o habes_fw-la jam_fw-la princeps_fw-la institutionis_fw-la politici_fw-la regni_fw-la formam_fw-la quam_fw-la rex_fw-la ejus_fw-la in_o leges_fw-la ipsius_fw-la aut_fw-la subditos_fw-la valeat_fw-la exercere_fw-la ad_fw-la rutelam_fw-la namque_fw-la legis_fw-la subditorum_fw-la ac_fw-la eorum_fw-la corporum_fw-la et_fw-la bonorum_fw-la rex_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la erectus_fw-la est_fw-la et_fw-la ad_fw-la hanc_fw-la potestatem_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la effluxam_fw-la ipse_fw-la habet_fw-la quo_fw-la ei_fw-la non_fw-la liceat_fw-la potestate_fw-la alia_fw-la svo_fw-la populo_fw-la dominari_fw-la i_o have_v not_o be_v so_o large_a on_o a_o subject_a which_o be_v so_o know_v and_o evident_a and_o which_o no_o sober_a man_n will_v deny_v be_v it_o not_o for_o two_o reason_n the_o first_o be_v to_o satisfy_v divine_n and_o man_n of_o other_o profession_n who_o have_v not_o leisure_n to_o read_v old_a law_n book_n and_o perhaps_o may_v lie_v under_o some_o doubt_n what_o the_o true_a form_n of_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v ever_o be_v and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o confute_v the_o author_n cavil_v and_o other_o man_n of_o his_o way_n to_o the_o contrary_a authority_n be_v the_o best_a judge_n in_o this_o case_n as_o diogenes_n confute_v zenos_n argument_n against_o motion_n not_o by_o dispute_v but_o walk_v so_o now_o whether_o the_o treatise_n this_o author_n write_v against_o be_v but_o a_o platonic_a monarchy_n or_o a_o better_a piece_n of_o poetry_n than_o policy_n i_o will_v not_o dispute_v but_o this_o much_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o affirm_v that_o the_o government_n he_o describe_v be_v not_o a_o creature_n to_o be_v find_v god_n be_v thank_v on_o english_a ground_n and_o for_o those_o that_o so_o much_o admire_v it_o let_v they_o go_v find_v it_o by_o the_o bank_n of_o nilus_n or_o ganges_n where_o the_o sun_n that_o late_a emblem_n of_o universal_a monarchy_n be_v so_o indulgent_a to_o the_o creature_n he_o produce_v that_o those_o which_o he_o can_v make_v grow_v here_o beyond_o a_o eut_fw-fr or_o adder_n be_v there_o make_v crocodile_n and_o serpent_n that_o devour_v a_o man_n at_o a_o bit_n so_o that_o if_o you_o shall_v style_v they_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o monarch_n of_o those_o climate_n traveller_n will_v say_v you_o do_v not_o wrong_v they_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o answer_v the_o most_o material_a objection_n of_o this_o author_n and_o not_o imitate_v he_o who_o in_o this_o treatise_n pass_v by_o all_o the_o argument_n which_o mr._n h._n bring_v to_o prove_v that_o this_o be_v no_o absolute_a despotic_a but_o at_o least_o a_o limit_a monarchy_n as_o silent_o as_o commentator_n do_v hard_a place_n that_o puzzle_v they_o let_v we_o therefore_o look_v back_o to_o his_o patriarcha_fw-la where_o he_o give_v we_o a_o distinction_n of_o the_o schoolman_n '_o whereby_o they_o subject_a king_n to_o the_o directive_n but_o not_o to_o the_o coactive_a power_n of_o law_n and_o be_v a_o confession_n that_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o any_o nation_n since_o the_o compulsory_a power_n of_o law_n of_o that_o which_o proper_o make_v law_n to_o be_v law_n by_o bind_v man_n by_o reward_n and_o punishment_n to_o obedience_n whereas_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o law_n
be_v but_o like_o the_o advice_n and_o direction_n which_o the_o king_n council_n give_v the_o king_n which_o no_o man_n say_v be_v a_o law_n to_o the_o king_n igrant_a this_o distinction_n provide_v the_o author_n will_v likewise_o admit_v another_o that_o though_o the_o king_n be_v not_o oblige_v by_o law_n or_o to_o any_o judge_n of_o they_o as_o to_o superior_n or_o as_o to_o the_o compulsory_a power_n of_o they_o yet_o in_o respect_n of_o god_n and_o his_o own_o conscience_n he_o be_v still_o oblige_v to_o observe_v they_o and_o not_o to_o dispense_v with_o they_o in_o those_o case_n which_o the_o law_n do_v not_o give_v he_o a_o power_n so_o to_o do_v and_o since_o it_o be_v true_a that_o it_o be_v the_o reward_n and_o punishment_n annex_v that_o give_v law_n their_o sanction_n therefore_o there_o be_v certain_a reward_n which_o will_v natural_o bless_v prince_n that_o keep_v their_o law_n such_o as_o peace_n of_o conscience_n security_n the_o affection_n of_o their_o people_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o i_o call_v the_o contrary_a effect_n to_o these_o natural_a punishment_n that_o be_v common_o the_o consequence_n of_o the_o breach_n of_o they_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v not_o speak_v absurd_o since_o the_o author_n himself_o tell_v we_o p._n 93._o albeit_o king_n who_o make_v the_o law_n be_v as_o king_n james_n there_o teach_v we_o above_o law_n yet_o will_v they_o rule_v their_o subject_n by_o the_o law_n and_o a_o king_n govern_v in_o a_o settle_a kingdom_n leave_v to_o be_v a_o king_n &_o degenerate_v into_o a_o tyrant_n so_o soon_o as_o he_o seem_v to_o rule_v it_o be_v there_o print_v in_o the_o copy_n according_a which_o be_v nonsense_n contrary_a to_o his_o law_n and_o certain_o a_o tyrant_n can_v never_o promise_v himself_o security_n either_o from_o his_o own_o conscience_n or_o from_o man_n but_o whereas_o he_o say_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o law_n be_v only_o like_o the_o advice_n which_o the_o king_n council_n give_v he_o which_o no_o man_n say_v be_v a_o law_n to_o he_o be_v false_a for_o the_o king_n council_n shall_v never_o advise_v he_o to_o do_v that_o which_o he_o can_v which_o a_o safe_a conscience_n perform_v but_o the_o king_n conscience_n can_v never_o advise_v he_o to_o break_v those_o law_n that_o be_v the_o boundary_n between_o his_o prerogative_n and_o the_o people_n just_a right_n and_o therefore_o though_o it_o be_v true_a in_o some_o case_n where_o the_o king_n see_v the_o law_n rigorous_a or_o doubtful_a he_o may_v mitigate_v or_o interpret_v the_o execution_n thereof_o by_o his_o judge_n to_o who_o he_o have_v make_v over_o that_o power_n in_o the_o intervall_n of_o parliament_n and_o though_o perhaps_o some_o particular_a statute_n may_v be_v his_o authority_n be_v suspend_v for_o cause_n best_o know_v to_o himself_o and_o council_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o law_n of_o public_a concernment_n and_o for_o that_o i_o will_v appeal_v to_o the_o conscience_n of_o any_o true_a son_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n whether_o he_o think_v for_o example_n that_o the_o proclamation_n for_o indulgence_n contrary_a to_o the_o statute_n make_v against_o conventicle_n be_v bind_v or_o not_o neither_o be_v this_o that_o follow_v consistent_a with_o what_o the_o author_n have_v say_v before_o that_o although_o a_o king_n do_v frame_v all_o his_o action_n to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v thereto_o but_o at_o his_o good_a will_n and_o for_o good_a example_n or_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o general_a law_n of_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n do_v natural_o bind_v he_o for_o in_o such_o sort_n only_o positive_a law_n may_v may_v be_v say_v to_o bind_v the_o king_n not_o by_o be_v positive_a but_o as_o they_o be_v natural_o the_o best_a and_o only_a mean_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o that_o if_o a_o king_n think_v any_o the_o firm_a and_o most_o indispensible_a law_n that_o have_v be_v make_v suppose_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la or_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la for_o example_n not_o to_o be_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o commonweal_n it_o be_v but_o his_o declare_v that_o he_o will_v have_v they_o no_o long_o observe_v and_o the_o work_n be_v do_v nor_o will_v this_o that_o follow_v help_v it_o though_o true_a that_o all_o king_n even_a tyrant_n and_o conqueror_n be_v bind_v to_o preserve_v the_o land_n good_n liberty_n and_o life_n of_o all_o their_o subject_n not_o by_o any_o municipal_a law_n so_o much_o as_o the_o natural_a law_n of_o a_o father_n which_o bind_v they_o to_o ratify_v the_o act_n of_o their_o forefather_n and_o predecessor_n in_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o subject_n all_o which_o be_v very_o well_o but_o if_o this_o monarch_n thus_o succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o natural_a father_n be_v the_o sole_a judge_n of_o what_o thing_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o common_a good_a what_o if_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o keep_v these_o child_n for_o child_n and_o subject_n slave_n be_v all_o one_o with_o this_o author_n as_o some_o unnatural_a father_n do_v as_o cheap_a as_o they_o can_v or_o to_o make_v the_o most_o of_o they_o will_v let_v they_o enjoy_v no_o more_o but_o the_o scanty_a necessary_n of_o life_n and_o will_v think_v fair_a water_n brown_a bread_n and_o wooden_a shoe_n sufficient_a for_o a_o farmer_n and_o 300_o l._n or_o 400_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la enough_o in_o conscience_n for_o a_o country_n gentleman_n or_o desire_v to_o be_v absolute_a and_o therefore_o to_o have_v a_o constant_a stand_a army_n to_o raise_v money_n with_o as_o some_o monarch_n do_v and_o be_v resolve_v that_o for_o the_o future_a all_o the_o just_a right_n and_o privilege_n of_o his_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n shall_v signify_v nothing_o will_v take_v all_o the_o overplus_n of_o his_o child_n estate_n eave_v they_o no_o more_o than_o a_o poor_a and_o miserable_a subsistence_n he_o may_v lawful_o do_v what_o he_o will_v with_o his_o own_o and_o it_o be_v all_o his_o upon_o the_o first_o intimation_n of_o his_o pleasure_n by_o edict_n or_o proclamation_n but_o perhaps_o some_o honest_a divine_a may_v start_v up_o and_o tell_v he_o he_o will_v be_v damn_v for_o thus_o abuse_v his_o power_n or_o break_v his_o coronation_n oath_n what_o what_o if_o this_o father_n of_o his_o people_n shall_v laugh_v at_o he_o for_o a_o fool_n and_o think_v himself_o too_o cunning_a to_o believe_v any_o such_o thing_n or_o what_o if_o his_o son_n or_o successor_n be_v resolve_v not_o to_o run_v his_o head_n any_o more_o into_o the_o snare_n of_o a_o coronation_n oath_n but_o find_v himself_o invest_v in_o all_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o his_o predecessor_n without_o any_o unjust_a act_n of_o his_o own_o since_o we_o know_v prince_n seldom_o loose_a any_o thing_n they_o have_v once_o get_v will_v exercise_v it_o as_o he_o please_v for_o his_o own_o humour_n or_o glory_n and_o 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to_o use_v discretion_n with_o mercy_n and_o truth_n according_a to_o his_o power_n and_o that_o the_o just_a law_n and_o custom_n quas_fw-la vulgus_fw-la elegerit_fw-la i_o will_v not_o translate_v it_o shall_v choose_v to_o be_v observe_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n yet_o our_o author_n will_v have_v the_o king_n oblige_v to_o keep_v no_o law_n but_o what_o he_o in_o his_o discretion_n judge_n to_o be_v upright_o which_o be_v to_o make_v the_o oath_n signify_v just_a nothing_o as_o i_o have_v prove_v already_o wherein_o he_o abominable_o pervert_v the_o sense_n of_o this_o oath_n for_o that_o which_o he_o put_v first_o be_v real_o last_v and_o the_o word_n by_o which_o he_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n grant_v by_o king_n edward_n and_o other_o his_o predecessor_n be_v absolute_a and_o without_o
any_o reservation_n or_o restriction_n and_o as_o for_o the_o last_o clause_n where_o the_o king_n swear_v to_o observe_v and_o protect_v justas_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la which_o he_o translate_v upright_a law_n and_o custom_n this_o word_n justas_fw-la in_o this_o place_n be_v not_o put_v restrictive_o as_o any_o man_n may_v see_v that_o consider_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n but_o only_o by_o way_n of_o epithet_n suppose_v that_o the_o people_n will_v not_o choose_v any_o law_n to_o be_v observe_v but_o those_o that_o be_v just_a and_o upright_o but_o the_o author_n omit_v here_o quas_fw-la populus_fw-la elegerit_fw-la as_o a_o sentence_n that_o do_v not_o at_o all_o please_v he_o though_o it_o be_v in_o all_o the_o copy_n of_o the_o old_a coronation_n oath_n of_o our_o king_n and_o he_o may_v as_o well_o deny_v that_o they_o take_v any_o other_o clause_n as_o this_o yet_o since_o the_o author_n himself_o give_v we_o a_o interpretation_n of_o these_o word_n in_o his_o freeholders_n inquest_n pag._n 62._o which_o will_v by_o his_o own_o show_v make_v these_o clause_n justas_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la not_o to_o extend_v to_o all_o law_n and_o custom_n in_o general_a but_o those_o quas_fw-la vulgus_fw-la elegerit_fw-la that_o be_v as_o he_o there_o interpret_v it_o the_o custom_n which_o the_o vulgar_a shall_v choose_v and_o it_o be_v the_o vulgus_fw-la or_o common_a people_n only_o who_o choose_v custom_n common_a usage_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n create_v a_o custom_n no_o where_n can_v so_o common_a a_o usage_n be_v find_v as_o among_o the_o vulgar_a etc._n etc._n if_o a_o custom_n be_v common_a through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n it_o be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o common_a law_n in_o england_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v common_a custom_n that_o in_o plain_a term_n to_o maintain_v the_o custom_n which_o the_o vulgar_a shall_v choose_v be_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n so_o that_o in_o the_o author_n own_o sense_n it_o shall_v not_o signify_v such_o law_n which_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v already_o choose_v and_o establish_v but_o only_o those_o which_o the_o people_n have_v choose_v and_o in_o this_o sense_n perhaps_o it_o be_v part_n of_o the_o oath_n of_o richard_n ii_o to_o abolish_v all_o evil_a unjust_a law_n that_o be_v evil_a vulgar_a custom_n and_o to_o abolish_v they_o whenever_o they_o shall_v be_v offer_v he_o by_o bill_n but_o i_o do_v not_o read_v that_o any_o king_n or_o queen_n since_o richard_n ii_o take_v that_o clause_n he_o mention_n and_o perhaps_o king_n richard_n take_v it_o in_o the_o author_n sense_n and_o find_v such_o interpreter_n to_o his_o mind_n and_o that_o make_v he_o prove_v such_o a_o king_n as_o he_o be_v to_o endeavour_v to_o destroy_v all_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o this_o nation_n burn_v and_o cancel_v the_o record_n of_o parliament_n and_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o any_o if_o it_o be_v true_a which_o he_o do_v not_o stick_v to_o affirm_v that_o the_o law_n of_o of_o england_n be_v only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o his_o head_n or_o his_o breast_n but_o the_o author_n though_o he_o grant_v for_o it_o be_v undutiful_a to_o contradict_v so_o wise_a a_o king_n as_o king_n james_n that_o a_o king_n govern_v in_o a_o settle_a kingdom_n leave_v to_o be_v a_o king_n and_o degenerate_v into_o a_o tyrant_n so_o soon_o as_o he_o seem_v to_o rule_v contrary_a to_o his_o law_n yet_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n have_v this_o king_n count_v a_o tyrant_n but_o i_o will_v not_o trouble_v myself_o about_o trifle_n much_o less_o maintain_v that_o the_o lord_n or_o commons_o have_v any_o authority_n to_o use_v king_n richard_n as_o they_o do_v since_o it_o be_v a_o contradiction_n that_o any_o power_n shall_v judge_v that_o on_o which_o it_o depend_v and_o who_o die_v that_o be_v immediate_o dissolve_v since_o our_o king_n have_v ever_o be_v trust_v with_o the_o prerogative_n of_o call_v and_o dissolve_v parliament_n and_o certain_o they_o can_v never_o be_v suppose_v to_o let_v they_o sit_v to_o depose_v themselves_o and_o of_o this_o opinion_n be_v bracton_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 8._o si_fw-mi autem_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la petatur_fw-la cum_fw-la breve_fw-la non_fw-la currat_fw-la contra_fw-la ipsum_fw-la locus_fw-la erit_fw-la supplicationi_fw-la quod_fw-la factum_fw-la suum_fw-la corrigat_fw-la &_o emendat_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la fecerit_fw-la satis_fw-la sufficit_fw-la ei_fw-la ad_fw-la paenam_fw-la quod_fw-la dominum_fw-la expectet_fw-la ultorem_fw-la but_o to_o return_v where_o we_o leave_v off_o if_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o king_n do_v swear_v to_o observe_v all_o the_o law_n of_o their_o kingdom_n yet_o this_o author_n be_v so_o good_a a_o casuist_n that_o he_o can_v as_o easy_o absolve_v their_o conscience_n as_o the_o pope_n himself_o for_o say_v he_o 97._o patriarch_n p._n 97._o no_o man_n can_v think_v it_o reason_n that_o king_n shall_v be_v more_o bind_v by_o their_o voluntary_a oath_n then_o common_a person_n be_v by_o they_o now_o if_o aprivate_a man_n make_v a_o contract_n either_o with_o or_o without_o a_o oath_n he_o be_v no_o far_o bind_v then_o the_o equity_n and_o justice_n of_o the_o contract_n tie_v he_o for_o a_o man_n may_v have_v relief_n against_o a_o unreasonable_a and_o unjust_a promise_n if_o either_o deceit_n or_o error_n or_o force_n or_o fear_v induce_v he_o thereunto_o or_o if_o it_o be_v hurtful_a or_o grievous_a in_o the_o performance_n and_o since_o the_o law_n in_o many_o case_n give_v the_o king_n a_o prerogative_n above_o common_a person_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o he_o shall_v be_v deny_v that_o privilege_n which_o the_o mean_a of_o his_o subject_n do_v enjoy_v i_o know_v not_o to_o what_o end_n the_o author_n write_v this_o paragrph_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o make_v the_o world_n believe_v that_o when_o when_o king_n take_v their_o coronation_n oath_n they_o do_v it_o not_o free_o but_o only_o be_v draw_v in_o by_o the_o bishop_n or_o overawe_v by_o the_o great_a lord_n that_o they_o do_v not_o understand_v what_o they_o do_v and_o so_o be_v mere_o choose_v or_o fright_v into_o it_o by_o fraud_n or_o force_n a_o very_a fine_a excuse_n for_o a_o prince_n for_o so_o solemn_a a_o action_n and_o which_o he_o have_v have_v time_n enough_o to_o consider_v of_o and_o advise_v with_o his_o own_o conscience_n whether_o he_o may_v take_v it_o or_o no_o that_o he_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v induce_v by_o fear_n or_o force_n who_o be_v a_o lawful_a king_n before_o and_o only_o use_v this_o ceremony_n to_o let_v his_o subject_n see_v the_o reality_n of_o his_o intention_n towards_o they_o and_o that_o nothing_o shall_v prevail_v with_o he_o to_o break_v his_o oath_n which_o he_o have_v make_v before_o god_n that_o he_o will_v preserve_v those_o law_n and_o right_n of_o his_o subject_n which_o he_o do_v not_o grant_v but_o find_v they_o in_o possession_n of_o but_o as_o for_o this_o relief_n against_o a_o unreasonable_a or_o unjust_a promise_n as_o the_o author_n term_v it_o if_o by_o those_o word_n he_o mean_v a_o promise_n or_o grant_v that_o may_v tend_v to_o some_o damage_n or_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o promiser_n or_o grantor_n to_o some_o right_a or_o jurisdiction_n that_o the_o grantor_n may_v have_v enjoy_v have_v it_o not_o be_v grant_v away_o either_o by_o his_o ancestor_n or_o himself_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v full_a and_o perfect_a or_o the_o grant_v not_o obtain_v either_o by_o fear_n force_n or_o fraud_n all_o civilian_n and_o divine_n hold_v that_o the_o promiser_n or_o grantor_n be_v oblige_v to_o the_o promise_n and_o can_v take_v away_o the_o thing_n grant_v though_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n so_o to_o do_v for_o david_n make_v it_o part_n of_o the_o character_n of_o the_o upright_a man_n 4._o psal_n xv._o 4._o and_o who_o shall_v dwell_v in_o god_n tabernacle_n that_o swear_v to_o his_o own_o hurt_n and_o change_v not_o but_o our_o author_n have_v find_v a_o way_n to_o set_v all_o man_n loose_v from_o their_o oath_n or_o contract_n if_o they_o be_v any_o thing_n grievous_a or_o hurtful_a in_o the_o performance_n that_o be_v if_o the_o promiser_n or_o grantor_n think_v it_o so_o and_o king_n must_v have_v at_o least_o as_o much_o and_o in_o most_o case_n a_o great_a prerogative_n than_o common_a person_n '_o it_o be_v a_o thousand_o pity_n this_o author_n be_v not_o confessor_n to_o king_n h._n iii_o he_o may_v then_o have_v save_v he_o the_o send_n to_o rome_n for_o a_o dispensation_n of_o his_o oath_n for_o the_o observance_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la which_o he_o have_v make_v before_o in_o parliament_n at_o oxford_n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 21._o and_o teach_v he_o and_o all_o prince_n else_o a_o near_a way_n to_o be_v free_v from_o their_o coronation_n oath_n if_o ever_o they_o find_v they_o uneafie_a
although_o it_o look_v fine_a yet_o examine_v to_o the_o bottom_n signify_v little_a for_o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o every_o the_o least_o transgression_n of_o the_o bound_n of_o law_n be_v a_o subversion_n of_o the_o government_n itself_o since_o if_o do_v perhaps_o only_o to_o one_o or_o a_o few_o person_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v a_o lead_a case_n and_o so_o bring_v on_o a_o prescription_n against_o public_a liberty_n in_o all_o case_n neither_o do_v the_o subject_n bear_v with_o it_o not_o contribute_v otherwise_o then_o accidental_o to_o this_o breach_n of_o liberty_n since_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o bear_v it_o not_o because_o it_o be_v just_a but_o because_o he_o either_o may_v hope_v to_o have_v redress_n by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n or_o else_o by_o petition_v the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n when_o they_o meet_v who_o be_v partly_o ordain_v on_o purpose_n to_o remonstrate_v the_o grievance_n of_o subject_n to_o their_o prince_n and_o thereupon_o to_o have_v they_o redress_v nor_o be_v this_o limit_a monarch_n as_o the_o author_n will_v infer_v less_o oblige_v to_o govern_v according_a to_o law_n in_o small_a or_o private_a matter_n then_o in_o great_a and_o public_a one_o only_o in_o many_o small_a matter_n prince_n or_o their_o officer_n may_v through_o ignorance_n or_o inadvertency_n sometime_o transgress_v the_o true_a bound_n of_o law_n which_o they_o will_v not_o do_v perhaps_o if_o they_o be_v better_o inform_v and_o so_o likewise_o if_o the_o subject_n bear_v it_o it_o be_v not_o from_o the_o legality_n of_o the_o act_n but_o from_o this_o great_a maxim_n in_o law_n and_o reason_n that_o a_o mischief_n to_o some_o private_a man_n be_v better_a than_o a_o inconvenience_n in_o give_v every_o private_a person_n power_n that_o think_v himself_o injure_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o officer_n to_o be_v his_o own_o judge_n and_o right_v himself_o by_o force_n since_o that_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o great_a duty_n of_o every_o good_a subject_n of_o endeavour_v to_o preserve_v the_o common_a peace_n and_o happiness_n of_o his_o country_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o any_o private_a man_n interest_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o the_o oppression_n or_o breach_n of_o law_n be_v general_a and_o extend_v to_o all_o the_o people_n alike_o if_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o case_n alter_v why_o may_v not_o the_o practicedo_fw-la so_o too_o '_o but_o mr._n h._n give_v we_o another_o remedy_n in_o this_o case_n that_o if_o the_o monarch_n act_n of_o exorbitancy_n or_o transgression_n be_v mortal_a and_o such_o as_o suffer_v dissolve_v the_o frame_n of_o the_o government_n and_o public_a liberty_n than_o the_o illegality_n be_v to_o be_v lay_v open_a and_o redressment_n seek_v by_o petition_n which_o be_v true_a for_o a_o appeal_n to_o the_o law_n from_o the_o violence_n of_o subordinate_a minister_n be_v real_o a_o petition_n for_o justice_n to_o the_o king_n himself_o who_o be_v by_o the_o law_n suppose_v present_a in_o the_o person_n of_o his_o judge_n that_o represent_v he_o and_o this_o the_o author_n himself_o in_o a_o better_a humour_n do_v confess_v in_o his_o patriarcha_fw-la p._n 93._o the_o people_n have_v the_o law_n as_o a_o familiar_a interpreter_n of_o the_o king_n pleasure_n which_o be_v publish_v throughout_o the_o kingdom_n do_v represent_v the_o presence_n and_o majesty_n of_o the_o king_n also_o the_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n be_v restrain_v by_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o law_n from_o use_v their_o own_o liberty_n to_o the_o injury_n of_o other_o since_o they_o be_v to_o judge_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o not_o to_o follow_v their_o own_o opinion_n and_o because_o it_o may_v so_o happen_v that_o the_o king_n may_v be_v sometime_o surprise_v or_o importune_v to_o write_v order_n or_o letter_n to_o the_o judge_n to_o direct_v they_o to_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n the_o king_n himself_o in_o parliament_n 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confessor_n day_n since_o who_o time_n the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n have_v remain_v as_o it_o do_v in_o which_o passage_n the_o author_n have_v discover_v either_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o ignorance_n or_o inadvertency_n in_o the_o history_n and_o government_n of_o his_o country_n for_o first_o he_o confess_v that_o the_o english_a saxon_n have_v a_o meeting_n which_o they_o call_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o wife_n term_v in_o latin_a conventus_fw-la magnatum_fw-la or_o praesentia_fw-la regis_fw-la procerumque_fw-la prelatorum_fw-la collectorum_fw-la or_o in_o general_a magnum_n or_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la etc._n etc._n all_o which_o meeting_n may_v in_o a_o general_a sense_n be_v term_v parliament_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o allow_v there_o can_v be_v any_o parliament_n assemble_v of_o the_o general_a estate_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o the_o reason_n he_o give_v we_o before_o what_o he_o mean_v by_o until_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n i_o know_v not_o 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mercian-kingdom_n give_v it_o in_o marriage_n to_o a_o saxon_a nobleman_n call_v etheldred_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n elsteda_n who_o be_v long_o after_o her_o husband_n death_n lady_n or_o queen_n of_o the_o mercian_n 857._o rerum_fw-la anglick_n scriptores_fw-la post_fw-la bedam_fw-la ed_n fra._n p._n 857._o yet_o do_v these_o feudatory_a prince_n always_o appear_v and_o make_v a_o part_n in_o the_o wittena_n gemore_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o monarch_n thus_o we_o may_v find_v in_o jugulphus_n that_o withlafe_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n make_v a_o promise_n of_o the_o land_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n which_o he_o after_o confirm_v by_o his_o charter_n in_o prisentia_n dominorum_fw-la meorum_fw-la egberti_fw-la regis_fw-la westo-saxoniae_a &_o athelwolwafij_fw-la silij_fw-la ejus_fw-la coram_fw-la pontificibus_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_fw-la civitate_fw-la lundini_fw-la ubi_fw-la omnes_fw-la congregati_fw-la sumas_fw-la pro_fw-la consilio_fw-la capiendo_fw-la contra_fw-la danicos_fw-la pyratat_fw-la littora_fw-la angliae_fw-la infestantes_fw-la which_o certain_o be_v a_o great_a council_n and_o that_o these_o king_n be_v tributary_n to_o the_o west_n saxon_a monarch_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v a_o little_a further_o that_o bertulph_n brother_n of_o witlafe_n succeed_v his_o nephew_n wimund_n 861._o id._n p._n 860_o 861._o and_o be_v tributary_n to_o athelwolf_n king_n of_o west_n saxony_n and_o by_o his_o charter_n confirm_v the_o same_o land_n and_o liberty_n to_o the_o say_a monastery_n which_o have_v be_v grant_v by_o his_o predecessor_n and_o this_o be_v do_v and_o confirm_v unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la totius_fw-la praesentis_fw-la concilij_fw-la hic_fw-la apud_fw-la kingsbury_n anno_fw-la incar_fw-la domini_fw-la 881._o etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la regni_fw-la negotis_fw-la congregati_fw-la and_o be_v thus_o subscribe_v ego_fw-la olflac_n pincerna_fw-la &_o legatus_fw-la domini_fw-la mei_fw-la regis_fw-la ethelwolf_n &_o filiorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la nomine_fw-la illorum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la westsaxonum_fw-la istum_fw-la chirographum_fw-la regis_fw-la bertulphi_n plurimum_fw-la confirmavi_fw-la ego_fw-la bertulphus_n rex_fw-la mericorum_fw-la palam_fw-la omnibus_fw-la prelatis_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la which_o show_v we_o that_o beside_o the_o general_n council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n these_o mercian_n tributary_n king_n have_v a_o particular_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o their_o own_o kingdom_n without_o who_o consent_n as_o also_o of_o their_o paramount_n monarch_n they_o can_v not_o part_v with_o the_o land_n and_o royalty_n belong_v to_o their_o crown_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o author_n beorced_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 868_o confirm_v his_o charter_n to_o the_o same_o monastery_n at_o snotringham_n coram_fw-la fratribus_fw-la &_o amiciss_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la populo_fw-la meo_fw-la in_o obsidione_fw-la paganorum_fw-la congregatis_fw-la to_o which_o likewise_o his_o supreme_a monarch_n elthr_v king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n give_v his_o consent_n and_o subscribe_v after_o the_o bishop_n the_o like_a form_n we_o find_v in_o the_o pass_n of_o all_o the_o other_o charter_n to_o this_o monastery_n quote_v by_o the_o say_a author_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n then_o reign_v &_o in_o praesentia_fw-la archiepiscop_n episcop_n procerum_fw-la or_o optimatum_fw-la regni_fw-la collectorum_fw-la and_o before_o the_o kingdom_n come_v to_o be_v unite_v under_o one_o supreme_a king_n or_o monarch_n there_o be_v also_o one_o great_a council_n or_o synod_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n where_o the_o chief_a and_o most_o powerful_a king_n or_o monarch_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n preside_v and_o in_o which_o they_o make_v their_o general_a ecclesiastical_a canon_n and_o also_o civil_a law_n that_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o england_n and_o to_o which_o person_n that_o have_v be_v grieve_v or_o wrong_v by_o their_o particular_a king_n appeal_v and_o be_v right_v and_o to_o this_o general_a wittena_n gemote_a that_o ancient_a writer_n will._n malmsbuny_n speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o law_n of_o england_n say_v be_v make_v per_fw-la generalem_fw-la senatum_fw-la &_o populi_fw-la conventum_fw-la &_o edictum_fw-la therefore_o we_o find_v the_o first_o synod_n or_o council_n of_o clovesho_n 747._o anno_fw-la christ._n 747._o call_v by_o ethelbald_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n who_o be_v then_o chief_a king_n or_o monarch_n as_o they_o call_v he_o of_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o at_o which_o be_v present_v the_o say_a king_n with_o all_o his_o prince_n and_o great_a man_n pontific_a malm._n de_fw-fr gest_n pontific_a as_o also_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o island_n but_o it_o more_o plain_o appear_v in_o the_o second_o council_n hold_v at_o the_o same_o place_n call_v by_o beornulf_n king_n of_o mercia_n who_o preside_v therein_o 332._o spelman_n council_n p._n 332._o you_o will_v find_v one_o of_o the_o first_o thing_n they_o do_v be_v to_o inquire_v whether_o any_o person_n have_v be_v unjust_o deal_v with_o or_o unjust_o spoil_v or_o oppress_v whereupon_o wulfred_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n complain_v of_o the_o violence_n and_o avarice_n of_o kenwulf_n late_a king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n which_o beingful_o prove_v the_o say_a council_n order_v kenedrith_n the_o abbess_n the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o say_a king_n to_o make_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o say_a archbishop_n which_o be_v do_v according_o out_o of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o say_a king_n see_v it_o at_o large_a in_o spelman_n council_n and_o mr._n somner_n that_o learned_a antiquary_n in_o his_o glossary_n to_o the_o decem_fw-la scriptores_fw-la be_v clear_o of_o opinion_n 393._o spelman_n council_n pag._n 393._o that_o this_o be_v all_o one_o with_o a_o parliament_n synodus_fw-la magna_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la nuncupatur_fw-la so_o likewise_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o synod_n or_o council_n of_o catchyck_a annol_n be_v confirm_v by_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n then_o chief_a monarch_n of_o this_o island_n tam_fw-la rex_fw-la quam_fw-la principes_fw-la svi_fw-la cum_fw-la senatoribus_fw-la terrae_fw-la decreta_fw-la signo_fw-la cracis_n firmarunt_fw-la and_o further_o that_o each_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n have_v its_o particular_a council_n or_o wittena_n gemote_n appear_v by_o that_o famous_a council_n call_v by_o ethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n about_o six_o year_n after_o his_o reception_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o be_v call_v commine_fw-la concilium_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n and_o no_o doubt_n this_o custom_n come_v not_o in_o with_o christianity_n the_o clergy_n only_o here_o succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o pogan_n priest_n who_o among_o the_o german_n have_v always_o a_o place_n in_o their_o common_a council_n as_o we_o find_v in_o tacitus_n 126._o see_v the_o passage_n before_o cite_v p._n spelman_n con._n pag._n 126._o so_o likewise_o the_o first_o law_n we_o have_v extant_a be_v make_v by_o ina_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n per_n common_a concilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la omnium_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la procerum_fw-la
comitum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la sapientum_fw-la seniorum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o whoever_o will_v but_o examine_v the_o say_a collection_n of_o sr._n henry_n spelman_n will_v find_v almost_o all_o the_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n confirm_v if_o not_o make_v in_o the_o wittena_n gemote_a the_o great_a synod_n or_o council_n so_o that_o what_o this_o author_n say_v of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o several_a kingdom_n during_o the_o heptarchy_n make_v nothing_o against_o we_o as_o long_o as_o we_o can_v prove_v that_o in_o the_o main_a the_o government_n of_o they_o all_o be_v alike_o in_o the_o three_o great_a liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n viz._n trial_n by_o a_o man_n equal_n and_o absolute_a propriety_n in_o land_n and_o good_n which_o the_o king_n can_v not_o just_o take_v from_o they_o and_o a_o right_a to_o join_v in_o the_o make_n of_o all_o law_n and_o raise_v public_a tax_n or_o contribution_n for_o war._n so_o that_o without_o doubt_v these_o wittena_n gemote_n or_o great_a council_n be_v ordain_v for_o some_o noble_a and_o high_a purpose_n then_o either_o to_o give_v the_o king_n advice_n what_o war_n to_o make_v or_o what_o law_n to_o make_v or_o bare_o to_o remonstrate_v their_o grievance_n as_o this_o and_o some_o other_o modern_a author_n will_v have_v it_o for_o what_o king_n will_v call_v so_o great_a a_o multitude_n those_o ancient_a parliament_n consist_v of_o to_o be_v his_o councillor_n or_o will_v call_v together_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o a_o nation_n only_o to_o be_v make_v acquaint_v with_o their_o grievance_n which_o he_o may_v have_v know_v with_o great_a ease_n to_o himself_o and_o less_o charge_n to_o the_o subject_n by_o have_v they_o find_v by_o the_o grand_a inquest_n in_o the_o county-court_n and_o so_o to_o have_v be_v present_v to_o he_o by_o the_o earl_n or_o alderman_n of_o each_o particular_a county_n whereas_o we_o find_v these_o great_a council_n employ_v in_o business_n of_o a_o high_a nature_n such_o as_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o king_n charter_n the_o propose_v of_o law_n the_o election_n of_o archbishop_n &_o other_o great_a officer_n so_o that_o the_o high_a any_o man_n will_v look_v back_o the_o more_o large_a &_o uncontrollable_a he_o will_v find_v the_o power_n of_o this_o great_a assembly_n since_o before_o the_o conquest_n and_o afterward_o too_o we_o find_v they_o to_o have_v often_o elect_v king_n when_o the_o child_n of_o their_o last_o king_n be_v either_o minor_n or_o suppose_a unfit_a to_o govern._n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o consult_v our_o ancient_a saxon_a and_o english_a historian_n will_v find_v that_o there_o be_v never_o ancient_o any_o fundamental_a or_o unalterable_a law_n of_o succession_n nor_o be_v it_o fix_v for_o any_o two_o descent_n in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o father_n to_o son_n without_o interruption_n until_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o then_o it_o last_v so_o but_o four_o generation_n reckon_v he_o for_o the_o first_o and_o as_o for_o these_o particular_a law_n or_o custom_n the_o author_n mention_n whether_o king_n edgar_n or_o alfred_n first_o collect_v they_o as_o be_v also_o correct_v and_o confirm_v by_o both_o the_o edward_n to_o wit_n the_o elder_a and_o the_o confessor_n they_o still_o owe_v their_o authority_n to_o the_o king_n 1â—9_n vi._n lambert_n de_fw-fr priscis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la p._n 1â—9_n and_o his_o baron_n and_o his_o people_n as_o malmesbury_n before_o assert_n as_o for_o the_o danish_a law_n they_o never_o prevail_v but_o in_o those_o country_n which_o the_o dane_n entire_o conquer_a which_o consist_v most_o of_o they_o as_o norfolk_n suffolk_z and_o cambridge-shire_n but_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o england_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o its_o own_o law_n and_o enjoy_v its_o ancient_a custom_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n knute_n and_o his_o successor_n of_o the_o danish_a race_n 146._o see_v the_o charter_n of_o k._n knute_n quote_v by_o mr._n peâ—yt_n in_o his_o say_a treatise_n pag._n 146._o but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o author_n next_o reason_n why_o there_o can_v be_v no_o fundamental_a law_n in_o this_o kingdom_n viz._n because_o the_o common_a law_n be_v unwritten_a doubtful_a and_o difficult_a can_v but_o be_v a_o uncertain_a rule_n to_o govern_v by_o which_o be_v against_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o rule_n which_o always_o ought_v to_o be_v certain_a this_o be_v almost_o the_o same_o argument_n as_o the_o papist_n make_v use_n of_o against_o the_o scripture_n be_v a_o rule_n of_o faith_n only_o their_o reason_n be_v that_o the_o scripture_n be_v obscure_a because_o they_o be_v write_v and_o need_v a_o expositor_n viz._n the_o church_n or_o tradition_n but_o with_o author_n it_o be_v contrary_a the_o law_n be_v doubtful_a because_o unwritten_a whereas_o all_o that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n know_v very_o well_o that_o the_o common_a law_n who_o authority_n depend_v not_o on_o any_o set_a form_n of_o word_n but_o the_o sense_n and_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n be_v much_o less_o doubtful_a and_o make_v few_o dispute_n then_o the_o statute-law_n but_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o many_o thing_n in_o the_o common_a law_n be_v doubtful_a and_o difficult_a yet_o in_o the_o main_n and_o fundamental_a part_n of_o it_o but_o just_a now_o recite_v it_o be_v plain_a enough_o as_o the_o scripture_n though_o doubtful_a or_o obscure_a in_o some_o thing_n yet_o be_v plain_a and_o certain_a in_o all_o point_n necessary_a for_o salvation_n and_o why_o it_o be_v hard_a for_o a_o ordinary_a country_n fellow_n in_o a_o civil_a government_n to_o know_v when_o he_o be_v condemn_v to_o be_v hang_v without_o trial_n or_o to_o have_v his_o good_n or_o money_n take_v from_o he_o by_o a_o fellow_n in_o a_o red-coat_n without_o any_o law_n then_o for_o he_o to_o judge_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n when_o another_o man_n lie_v with_o his_o wife_n or_o go_v about_o to_o rob_v or_o murder_v he_o i_o know_v not_o his_o last_o reason_n against_o make_v common_a law_n only_o to_o be_v the_o foundation_n when_o magna_n charta_n be_v exclude_v from_o be_v according_a to_o mr._n h._n a_o fundamental_a law_n and_o also_o all_o '_o other_o statute_n from_o be_v limitation_n to_o monarchy_n since_o the_o fundamental_a law_n only_o be_v to_o be_v judge_n and_o these_o be_v statute_n law_n or_o superstructure_n this_o be_v also_o mere_a sophistry_n since_o no_o man_n in_o metaphor_n or_o similitude_n ever_o expect_v a_o absolute_a truth_n but_o what_o if_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v fundamental_a law_n before_o either_o king_n stephen_n or_o king_n john_n grant_v it_o and_o that_o they_o do_v but_o restore_v what_o some_o of_o their_o predecessor_n have_v before_o by_o oppression_n take_v from_o their_o subject_n since_o there_o be_v little_a or_o none_o of_o it_o but_o be_v part_n of_o king_n edward_n law_n and_o consequent_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o all_o other_o constitution_n in_o limit_a monarchy_n as_o suppose_v in_o denmark_n the_o crown_n which_o be_v before_o elective_a be_v now_o by_o the_o concession_n of_o the_o estate_n become_v successive_a i_o believe_v no_o man_n of_o this_o author_n opinion_n will_v deny_v that_o this_o be_v not_o now_o a_o fundamental_a law_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o can_v never_o be_v alter_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o estate_n and_o yet_o this_o be_v a_o law_n that_o follow_v after_o the_o government_n be_v institute_v nor_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o this_o rule_n may_v not_o hold_v as_o well_o on_o the_o people_n side_n as_o the_o king_n why_o rule_n of_o play_n may_v not_o be_v make_v as_o well_o after_o the_o gamester_n be_v in_o at_o play_n as_o when_o they_o first_o begin_v and_o may_v not_o be_v as_o well_o call_v fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o game_n since_o if_o they_o be_v not_o observe_v it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o any_o of_o the_o gamester_n to_o fling_v up_o his_o card_n and_o play_v no_o more_o though_o he_o be_v at_o play_n with_o the_o author_n natural_a monarch_n his_o own_o father_n but_o our_o author_n will_v not_o leave_v off_o so_o but_o must_v give_v we_o one_o stab_a paragraph_n more_o against_o fundamental_a law_n which_o be_v thus_o '_o true_o the_o conscience_n of_o all_o mankind_n be_v a_o pretty_a large_a tribunal_n for_o these_o fundamental_a law_n to_o pronounce_v sentence_n in_o it_o be_v very_o much_o that_o law_n which_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v dumb_a and_o always_o need_v a_o judge_n to_o pronounce_v sentence_n shall_v now_o be_v able_a to_o speak_v and_o pronounce_v sentence_n themselves_o such_o a_o sentence_n sure_o must_v