a_o discourse_n concern_v the_o signification_n of_o allegiance_n as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n qui_fw-la perjurii_fw-la immunis_fw-la esse_fw-la cupit_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o who_o desire_v to_o preserve_v himself_o from_o perjury_n ought_v diligent_o to_o weigh_v every_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n which_o he_o be_v to_o take_v and_o the_o sense_n and_o force_n of_o they_o that_o if_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v keep_v it_o may_v not_o be_v take_v if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o be_v take_v it_o may_v be_v keep_v without_o fraud_n and_o dissimulation_n sand._n de_fw-fr juram_fw-la oblige_v prael_n 6._o sect._n 7._o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n be_v these_o 1_o a._n b._n do_v sincere_o promise_v and_o swear_v that_o i_o will_v be_v faithful_a and_o bear_v true_a allegiance_n to_o their_o majesty_n king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n so_o help_v i_o god._n in_o this_o compendious_a form_n of_o swear_v it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v great_a ambiguity_n which_o lie_v principal_o in_o the_o doubtful_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n faithful_n and_o true_a allegiance_n which_o may_v import_v either_o 1._o that_o kind_n of_o fidelity_n and_o obedience_n which_o captive_n may_v promise_v to_o their_o conqueror_n or_o oppress_v subject_n to_o usurper_n and_o oblige_v they_o only_o to_o a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a submission_n while_o they_o be_v under_o their_o power_n and_o do_v not_o debar_v they_o from_o assist_v their_o lawful_a sovereign_n in_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o crown_n or_o 2._o all_o that_o fidelity_n and_o allegiance_n which_o be_v former_o swear_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n whereby_o their_o subject_n be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v their_o crown_n and_o dignity_n against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o not_o reserve_v any_o branch_n of_o their_o allegiance_n as_o due_a to_o any_o other_o it_o be_v upon_o this_o distinction_n that_o two_o different_a interpretation_n of_o the_o oath_n be_v ground_v and_o the_o high_a construction_n be_v this_o ay_o a._n b._n be_o sincere_o resolve_v to_o adhere_v faithful_o to_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n to_o perform_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n and_o subjection_n unto_o they_o alone_o and_o to_o defend_v their_o crown_n and_o dignity_n with_o my_o life_n and_o fortune_n to_o the_o uttermost_a of_o my_o power_n against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o and_o the_o low_a construction_n be_v to_o this_o effect_n whereas_o w._n and_o m._n be_v actual_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o regal_a power_n so_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o full_a possession_n of_o it_o i_o do_v swear_v that_o i_o will_v pay_v they_o that_o obedience_n and_o submission_n which_o may_v be_v lawful_o pay_v to_o a_o actual_a sovereign_n not_o engage_v hereby_o to_o uphold_v they_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o throne_n against_o the_o k._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la nor_o debar_v myself_o from_o exert_v my_o swear_a allegiance_n to_o he_o upon_o any_o emergent_a opportunity_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o right_n i_o be_o not_o certain_a that_o this_o last_o clause_n of_o assist_v the_o k._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la be_v the_o sense_n of_o they_o who_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n with_o a_o declaration_n of_o live_v peaceable_o under_o the_o present_a government_n yet_o there_o be_v this_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v because_o if_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v infer_v from_o a_o explanatory_a declaration_n more_o ambiguous_a and_o obscure_a than_o the_o oath_n explain_v we_o may_v reasonable_o infer_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o declarer_n think_v the_o oath_n in_o the_o high_a sense_n unlawful_a because_o direct_o contradictory_n to_o their_o former_a obligation_n to_o k._n j._n but_o if_o those_o be_v still_o in_o force_n than_o they_o be_v still_o oblige_v to_o a_o actual_a assistance_n of_o he_o and_o then_o their_o declaration_n must_v be_v understand_v in_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o shall_v not_o exclude_v it_o in_o short_a if_o their_o former_a oath_n be_v obligatory_a than_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v k._n j._n if_o it_o be_v not_o than_o the_o present_a possessor_n be_v undoubted_o our_o lawful_a sovereign_n and_o we_o be_v consequent_o oblige_v to_o pray_v that_o they_o may_v have_v victory_n over_o all_o their_o enemy_n and_o if_o this_o be_v our_o duty_n it_o be_v a_o manifest_a sin_n not_o to_o contribute_v our_o actual_a assistance_n in_o our_o respective_a station_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o it_o wherefore_o choose_v they_o which_o they_o will_v either_o that_o their_o former_a oath_n be_v obligatory_a or_o not_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o of_o the_o king_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o assist_v and_o therefore_o they_o can_v be_v presume_v to_o bind_v themselves_o by_o oath_n to_o a_o sinful_a neutrality_n which_o be_v plain_o contradictory_n to_o their_o former_a oath_n and_o if_o that_o be_v extinguish_v to_o their_o manifest_a duty_n to_o the_o present_a possessor_n but_o nevertheless_o because_o what_o seem_v so_o improbable_a may_v yet_o be_v possible_o true_a that_o they_o intend_v to_o bind_v themselves_o only_o to_o a_o exact_a neutrality_n it_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n that_o the_o true_a notion_n of_o allegiance_n be_v absolute_o inconsistent_a with_o it_o to_o return_v therefore_o to_o the_o two_o former_a interpretation_n of_o the_o oath_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o be_v contradictory_n to_o each_o other_o by_o the_o former_a we_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v all_o our_o allegiance_n to_o w._n and_o m._n by_o the_o latter_a not_o all_o but_o a_o allegiance_n qualify_v and_o limit_v in_o the_o one_o to_o uphold_v they_o to_o the_o uttermost_a of_o our_o power_n in_o their_o crown_n and_o dignity_n in_o the_o other_o we_o profess_v we_o will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v it_o in_o the_o one_o we_o engage_v to_o defend_v they_o against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o and_o in_o the_o other_o a_o power_n be_v reserve_v to_o assist_v k._n j._n against_o they_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o that_o take_v the_o oath_n in_o a_o middle_a sense_n of_o neutrality_n it_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o very_a term_n of_o neutrality_n that_o it_o be_v plain_o contradictory_n to_o the_o first_o construction_n also_o these_o several_a interpretation_n therefore_o be_v contradictory_n to_o each_o other_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o swearer_n can_v be_v oblige_v unto_o more_o than_o one_o nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o imposor_n intend_v either_o to_o oblige_v we_o to_o contradictory_n and_o impossible_a duty_n or_o to_o leave_v we_o at_o liberty_n to_o choose_v in_o which_o of_o those_o contradictory_n sense_n we_o will_v be_v oblige_v for_o this_o oath_n be_v exact_v by_o a_o law_n and_o a_o law_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o declare_a will_n of_o the_o legislator_n now_o if_o a_o law_n shall_v be_v so_o frame_v on_o purpose_n by_o the_o legislator_n as_o to_o be_v fair_o capable_a of_o two_o contradictory_n construction_n and_o to_o leave_v the_o subject_a to_o his_o choice_n in_o which_o he_o will_v obey_v it_o it_o be_v manifest_o no_o law_n at_o all_o because_o it_o do_v not_o contain_v the_o determinate_a declare_a will_n of_o the_o legislator_n and_o the_o subject_a be_v allow_v to_o take_v either_o part_n of_o the_o contradiction_n be_v not_o determine_v as_o by_o a_o law_n he_o always_o be_v to_o any_o act_n of_o obedience_n and_o if_o this_o be_v true_a in_o all_o law_n much_o more_o will_v it_o hold_v in_o those_o by_o which_o promissory_a oath_n be_v establish_v for_o a_o promise_n equal_o capable_a of_o contradictory_n sense_n be_v indeed_o no_o promise_n and_o it_o be_v nor_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o our_o legislator_n intend_v to_o frame_v a_o promissory_a oath_n that_o shall_v contain_v no_o promise_n at_o all_o and_o to_o make_v a_o law_n for_o the_o most_o solemn_a mockery_n of_o god_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v it_o be_v therefore_o presume_v that_o the_o imposer_n of_o this_o oath_n intend_v to_o oblige_v we_o to_o one_o determinate_a meaning_n of_o it_o and_o that_o those_o word_n by_o which_o they_o choose_v to_o declare_v their_o intention_n can_v be_v reasonable_o so_o interpret_v as_o to_o declare_v the_o quite_o contrary_a also_o and_o then_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o one_o of_o these_o construction_n be_v both_o intend_a and_o sufficient_o express_v in_o the_o oath_n and_o that_o no_o doubt_n be_v the_o sense_n in_o which_o we_o be_v oblige_v both_o to_o take_v and_o keep_v it_o we_o be_v therefore_o now_o to_o inquire_v whether_o of_o these_o construction_n be_v the_o intend_a and_o declare_v meaning_n of_o the_o imposer_n and_o here_o there_o appear_v at_o first_o view_v a_o invincible_a prejudice_n against_o the_o low_a construction_n of_o the_o oath_n viz._n that_o this_o oath_n be_v undeniable_o intend_v for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o
present_a possessor_n against_o the_o dispossess_v if_o that_o construction_n be_v admit_v though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o well_o observe_v it_o can_v be_v no_o security_n at_o all_o unto_o they_o if_o it_o be_v not_o intend_v for_o their_o security_n it_o be_v a_o vain_a and_o insignificant_a oath_n but_o if_o it_o be_v intend_v for_o any_o thing_n it_o be_v certain_o design_v to_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o great_a i_o may_v say_v the_o only_a danger_n they_o be_v in_o and_o that_o be_v from_o the_o attempt_n of_o k._n j._n but_o after_o all_o if_o we_o affix_v this_o sense_n upon_o the_o oath_n that_o great_a and_o wise_a security_n amount_v only_o to_o this_o that_o we_o will_v submit_v to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o present_a possessor_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v no_o help_n but_o a_o halter_n for_o it_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o become_v safe_a and_o prudent_a to_o attempt_v it_o we_o will_v then_o with_o all_o our_o might_n endeavour_v to_o dethrone_v they_o and_o restore_v the_o lawful_a king_n to_o his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n in_o short_a that_o we_o will_v â—â—t_n attempt_v to_o destroy_v k._n w._n till_o we_o have_v 〈…〉_z babble_n hope_n to_o effect_v it_o and_o can_v it_o be_v imagine_v 〈◊〉_d so_o great_a and_o wise_a a_o body_n as_o be_v the_o parliament_n of_o england_n shall_v after_o great_a labour_n and_o struggle_v in_o its_o birth_n produce_v a_o thing_n so_o judicrous_a will_n k._n w_n will_v any_o k._n upon_o earth_n be_v content_a with_o such_o security_n as_o this_o will_v he_o not_o rather_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o open_a declaration_n of_o rebellion_n against_o he_o be_v this_o to_o swear_v true_a faith_n and_o allegiance_n to_o he_o namely_o to_o submit_v till_o we_o can_v prudent_o rebel_v against_o he_o be_v there_o ever_o any_o such_o oath_n exact_v from_o subject_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o government_n in_o short_a if_o this_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o oath_n as_o none_o but_o mad_a man_n will_v have_v enact_v it_o so_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v propose_v to_o madman_n only_o to_o take_v it_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a none_o else_o will_v contrive_v or_o execute_v any_o attempt_n against_o he_o without_o hope_n of_o success_n and_o yet_o this_o must_v be_v the_o sense_n of_o those_o who_o take_v it_o with_o a_o reserve_n of_o their_o old_a allegiance_n to_o k._n j._n for_o by_o that_o allegiance_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v he_o in_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o crown_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n whensoever_o their_o assistance_n may_v be_v useful_a and_o serviceable_a to_o his_o cause_n but_o to_o swear_v allegiance_n in_o this_o sense_n be_v plain_o to_o swear_v nothing_o at_o all_o it_o be_v only_o the_o phantom_n of_o a_o allegiance_n and_o will_v not_o only_o deceive_v but_o destroy_v they_o that_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v secure_v by_o it_o here_o therefore_o i_o may_v appeal_v to_o the_o common_a sense_n of_o all_o man_n whether_o that_o can_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o oath_n which_o do_v direct_o contradict_v the_o whole_a end_n and_o intention_n of_o it_o and_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o a_o thing_n incredible_a that_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o shall_v enact_v a_o oath_n to_o secure_v the_o present_a government_n and_o in_o the_o same_o oath_n allow_v the_o taker_n leave_v to_o attempt_v the_o destruction_n of_o it_o and_o whether_o last_o i_o have_v not_o reason_n to_o affirm_v that_o this_o be_v a_o invincible_a prejudice_n against_o that_o construction_n and_o may_v not_o now_o have_v leave_v to_o add_v that_o it_o be_v a_o plain_a demonstration_n against_o it_o and_o the_o same_o reason_a will_n in_o some_o measure_n hold_v against_o a_o neutrality_n also_o because_o that_o also_o do_v defeat_v the_o provision_n intend_v in_o this_o oath_n for_o the_o security_n of_o k._n w._n the_o only_a difference_n be_v that_o the_o former_a construction_n do_v permit_v the_o swearer_n to_o be_v still_o enemy_n to_o the_o government_n but_o this_o leave_v it_o without_o any_o friend_n to_o support_v it_o the_o one_o do_v in_o effect_n arm_v the_o subject_n to_o destroy_v it_o and_o the_o other_o leave_v it_o naked_a and_o defenceless_a to_o be_v destroy_v by_o they_o both_o be_v high_o pernicious_a to_o the_o present_a governor_n and_o absolute_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o prime_n and_o immediate_a intention_n of_o the_o oath_n to_o secure_v they_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o a_o peaceable_a neutrality_n be_v it_o swear_v and_o observe_v by_o all_o the_o subject_n will_v infallible_o secure_v the_o possessor_n against_o all_o attempt_n to_o dethrone_v they_o and_o that_o however_o if_o such_o attempt_n be_v make_v since_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o subject_n do_v think_v themselves_o oblige_v by_o the_o oath_n to_o a_o active_a assissistance_n the_o possessor_n will_v be_v effectual_o secure_v by_o it_o but_o 1._o the_o imposer_n know_v well_o enough_o that_o there_o be_v great_a number_n that_o will_v neither_o swear_v nor_o observe_v a_o neutrality_n but_o will_v actual_o assist_v the_o dispossess_v k._n against_o they_o and_o that_o therefore_o in_o such_o a_o dangerous_a conjuncture_n a_o bare_a neutrality_n of_o all_o the_o subject_n can_v be_v no_o tolerable_a security_n against_o they_o and_o 2._o if_o they_o intend_v to_o oblige_v the_o subject_a only_o to_o a_o exact_a neutrality_n it_o be_v a_o gross_a prevarication_n so_o to_o frame_v the_o oath_n on_o purpose_n that_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o most_o man_n it_o may_v import_v a_o obligation_n contradictory_n to_o it_o and_o beside_o if_o that_o alone_o be_v the_o precise_a intention_n of_o the_o imposer_n than_o the_o government_n will_v be_v secure_v not_o by_o the_o oath_n itself_o but_o by_o a_o false_a construction_n of_o it_o wherefore_o this_o single_a consideration_n of_o the_o chief_a end_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o oath_n do_v clear_o evince_v the_o first_o and_o high_a construction_n to_o be_v the_o true_a meaning_n of_o it_o and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o i_o will_v further_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v by_o all_o the_o medium_n by_o which_o the_o meaning_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v prove_v and_o those_o be_v only_o these_o two_o the_o word_n which_o the_o imposer_n have_v make_v choice_n of_o to_o declare_v their_o meaning_n and_o their_o intention_n otherwise_o sufficient_o express_v by_o circumstance_n and_o other_o action_n which_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o comment_n upon_o the_o oath_n and_o may_v ascertain_v we_o of_o the_o meaning_n of_o it_o and_o 1._o i_o consider_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n faithful_a and_o true_a allegiance_n which_o contain_v all_o the_o promissory_a part_n of_o the_o oath_n and_o have_v occasion_v all_o the_o different_a construction_n of_o it_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o word_n general_o speak_v have_v their_o signification_n only_o from_o the_o institution_n of_o man_n and_o those_o that_o be_v vulgar_o use_v and_o understand_v in_o any_o language_n from_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o language_n and_o those_o that_o be_v understand_v only_o by_o a_o few_o such_o as_o be_v call_v term_n of_o art_n from_o the_o professor_n of_o the_o several_a art_n and_o science_n the_o word_n faithful_a and_o true_a allegiance_n may_v be_v consider_v in_o both_o respect_n as_o they_o be_v vulgar_o take_v and_o understand_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n and_o as_o they_o be_v law-term_n which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o lawyer_n and_o first_o i_o will_v consider_v what_o be_v the_o signification_n of_o those_o word_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o lawyer_n 1._o i_o observe_v that_o the_o lord_n coke_n in_o calvin_n case_n do_v affirm_v that_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n have_v only_o one_o signification_n and_o there_o he_o produce_v several_a instance_n to_o show_v that_o esse_fw-la ad_fw-la fidem_fw-la regis_fw-la signify_v only_o to_o be_v in_o the_o ligeance_n of_o the_o king_n according_o the_o same_o oath_n be_v sometime_o call_v oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o sometime_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n without_o any_o distinction_n and_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n define_v fidelity_n to_o be_v fidei_fw-la obsequii_fw-la &_o servitii_fw-la ligamen_fw-la which_o be_v neither_o more_o nor_o less_o than_o allegiance_n so_o that_o even_o in_o this_o short_a oath_n there_o be_v still_o a_o word_n too_o much_o since_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n do_v signify_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o express_v the_o same_o duty_n of_o subjection_n 2._o the_o subject_n of_o england_n may_v in_o two_o respect_n be_v style_v fideles_fw-la regis_fw-la first_o as_o they_o be_v member_n of_o the_o body_n politic_a fideles_fw-la and_o be_v therefore_o oblige_v to_o pay_v the_o k._n that_o fidelity_n
heir_n but_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n which_o be_v the_o high_a breach_n of_o fealty_n after_o legal_a conviction_n of_o the_o traitor_n the_o fee_n be_v for_o ever_o forfeit_v and_o all_o his_o land_n and_o tenement_n be_v absolute_o at_o the_o king_n disposal_n and_o though_o a_o statute_n be_v make_v 25_o ed._n iii_o to_o determine_v what_o be_v precise_o treason_n yet_o this_o be_v only_o declarative_a of_o what_o be_v true_o treason_n by_o the_o feudal_n law_n which_o be_v then_o a_o part_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o hence_o it_o appear_v how_o necessary_a it_o be_v for_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o fealty_n whence_o the_o subject_n be_v call_v fideles_fw-la &_o ligii_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o from_o which_o all_o our_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o allegiance_n derive_v their_o birth_n and_o original_a 7._o as_o the_o word_n allegiance_n be_v appropriate_v to_o express_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o liege_n vassal_n to_o his_o sovereign_n so_o be_v it_o also_o at_o length_n enlarge_v to_o comprehend_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o fidelity_n and_o subjection_n which_o not_o only_o they_o who_o hold_v land_n in_o fee_n but_o also_o every_o individual_a subject_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v unto_o the_o king._n thus_o zouch_v out_o of_o duarenus_n the_o fidelity_n descrip_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o sovereign_n consuet_n be_v by_o the_o feudist_n call_v ligeance_n and_o as_o many_o as_o live_v within_o his_o dominion_n be_v style_v liege-man_n who_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o sovereign_n not_o only_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o estate_n 2._o but_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o person_n and_o his_o protection_n of_o they_o the_o reason_n then_o why_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v call_v the_o king_n liege-man_n be_v because_o their_o person_n be_v under_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o protection_n they_o be_v therefore_o bind_v to_o pay_v due_a fealty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o he_o this_o universal_a allegiance_n of_o all_o the_o natural_a subject_n of_o this_o realm_n case_n be_v by_o the_o lord_n coke_n distinguish_v 1._o into_o natural_a ligeance_n which_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v original_o due_a by_o nature_n and_o birthright_n and_o 2._o legal_a ligeance_n so_o call_v because_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n prescribe_v the_o form_n and_o order_n of_o it_o and_o this_o say_v he_o be_v that_o which_o the_o law_n require_v upon_o oath_n at_o the_o leet_n this_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n in_o his_o institutes_n he_o say_v express_o be_v the_o same_o with_o homagium_fw-la ligeum_fw-la which_o he_o thus_o define_v in_o calvin_n case_n quod_fw-la soli_fw-la regi_fw-la debetur_fw-la sine_fw-la servitio_fw-la and_o oppose_v it_o to_o homagium_fw-la feudale_n homagium_fw-la which_o have_v its_o original_n by_o tenure_n and_o to_o this_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n seem_v to_o agree_v who_o tell_v we_o that_o liege_n or_o sovereign_a homage_n be_v due_a only_a to_o the_o king_n in_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o they_o both_o differ_v herein_o from_o the_o feudist_n who_o define_v homage_n to_o be_v sponsionem_fw-la fidelitatis_fw-la propter_fw-la tenuram_fw-la 3._o and_o from_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n who_o do_v intimate_v that_o liege_n homage_n be_v make_v unto_o private_a person_n also_o 8._o the_o word_n ligeance_n be_v yet_o further_o in_o our_o law_n and_o lawyer_n enlarge_v to_o denote_v the_o duty_n not_o of_o natural_a subject_n only_o but_o also_o of_o denizen_n and_o alien_n thus_o we_o be_v inform_v likewise_o in_o calvin_n case_n that_o beside_o natural_a ligeance_n there_o be_v also_o ligeantia_fw-la acquisita_fw-la which_o be_v due_a by_o acquisition_n or_o denization_n and_o ligeantia_fw-la localis_fw-la and_o that_o be_v when_o a_o alien_a who_o be_v in_o amity_n come_v into_o england_n because_o he_o be_v then_o within_o the_o king_n protection_n he_o do_v therefore_o owe_v a_o local_a allegiance_n to_o he_o 9_o last_o allegiance_n be_v sometime_o take_v in_o a_o signification_n yet_o more_o general_a and_o extensive_a to_o express_v the_o mutual_a and_o reciprocal_a obligation_n between_o the_o liege_n sovereign_a and_o his_o subject_n whereby_o the_o sovereign_n be_v bind_v to_o the_o protection_n and_o just_a government_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o they_o again_o to_o pay_v due_a fidelity_n and_o subjection_n to_o their_o sovereign_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v define_v in_o general_a by_o skene_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr expositione_n verborum_fw-la case_n who_o be_v herein_o follow_v by_o the_o lord_n coke_n ligeantia_fw-la and_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n also_o it_o appear_v then_o in_o how_o great_a a_o latitude_n the_o word_n allegiance_n be_v take_v and_o how_o various_o it_o have_v be_v apply_v to_o express_v different_a obligation_n to_o different_a person_n the_o various_a signification_n of_o it_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v observe_v may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o six_o first_o it_o ancient_o denote_v the_o service_n and_o fidelity_n that_o any_o vassal_n owe_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee._n second_o it_o be_v confine_v to_o express_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o liege_n vassal_n to_o the_o sovereign_a lord_n three_o it_o be_v then_o enlarge_v to_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a duty_n of_o every_o natural_a subject_n to_o his_o natural_a sovereign_n four_o it_o sometime_o signify_v that_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n which_o the_o law_n require_v of_o every_o subject_a and_o be_v therefore_o call_v legal_a ligeance_n five_o it_o be_v say_v to_o express_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o foreigner_n as_o of_o a_o denizen_n and_o of_o a_o alien_n while_o he_o be_v in_o the_o realm_n and_o last_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o express_v the_o reciprocal_a obligation_n that_o be_v between_o a_o liege_n sovereign_n and_o his_o subject_n as_o for_o this_o last_o signification_n of_o allegiance_n 5._o we_o have_v already_o consider_v it_o where_o we_o discourse_v of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o sovereign_a lord_n for_o here_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n as_o it_o relate_v to_o subject_n only_o and_o there_o will_v be_v nothing_o more_o absurd_a than_o to_o say_v that_o when_o subject_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o their_o king_n they_o do_v swear_v that_o he_o also_o shall_v discharge_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o liege_n sovereign_n towards_o they_o so_o likewise_o when_o allegiance_n be_v apply_v to_o alien_n the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n do_v show_v that_o it_o must_v signify_v only_o those_o branch_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n which_o a_o alien_n be_v bind_v to_o while_o he_o be_v in_o england_n viz._n conformity_n to_o the_o law_n and_o a_o obligation_n not_o to_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o king_n while_o he_o be_v within_o his_o protection_n so_o also_o when_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o denizen_n who_o be_v make_v free_a of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o not_o entitle_v to_o all_o the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o a_o natural_a subject_n it_o can_v then_o signify_v only_o those_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n which_o a_o denizen_n be_v oblige_v to_o whatsoever_o they_o be_v for_o as_o the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n be_v diversify_v by_o the_o different_a quality_n of_o natural_a subject_n and_o a_o clerk_n a_o soldier_n and_o artificer_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o the_o same_o particular_a act_n of_o allegiance_n so_o likewise_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n must_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o subjection_n and_o therefore_o a_o natural_a subject_n who_o enjoy_v all_o the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o owe_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o subjection_n must_v be_v in_o reason_n oblige_v to_o a_o high_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n than_o a_o denizen_n who_o though_o he_o be_v to_o some_o intent_n incorporate_v into_o this_o kingdom_n be_v yet_o the_o natural_a subject_n of_o another_o sovereign_n and_o he_o again_o be_v oblige_v to_o more_o than_o a_o alien_n who_o be_v only_o a_o subject_a in_o transitu_fw-la and_o enjoy_v nothing_o but_o protection_n from_o injury_n but_o we_o have_v now_o nothing_o to_o do_v with_o allegiance_n as_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o foreigner_n allegiance_n in_o the_o oath_n before_o we_o be_v require_v and_o impose_v upon_o all_o the_o natural_a subject_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v that_o which_o be_v due_a from_o natural_a subject_n and_o not_o such_o as_o be_v due_a from_o foreigner_n we_o be_v bind_v to_o honour_n god_n and_o the_o king_n and_o subordinate_a magistrate_n our_o spiritual_a ruler_n our_o parent_n all_o our_o superior_n and_o in_o some_o sense_n all_o our_o inferior_n honour_n be_v due_a to_o all_o these_o but_o in_o different_a kind_n and_o degree_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o duty_n as_o it_o be_v apply_v by_o different_a person_n to_o different_a object_n now_o
be_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n reciprocal_o bind_v to_o defend_v the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o sovereign_n it_o may_v be_v understand_v likewise_o from_o the_o feudal_n law_n whereby_o the_o vassal_n be_v oblige_v to_o a_o military_a defence_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o from_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n also_o which_o oblige_v all_o the_o subject_n that_o be_v capable_a to_o take_v up_o arm_n for_o the_o king_n when_o need_n shall_v require_v this_o therefore_o be_v the_o defence_n to_o which_o capable_a person_n be_v swear_v in_o that_o abrogate_a oath_n and_o other_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v he_o that_o assistance_n which_o they_o be_v able_a everyone_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n in_o his_o respective_a capacity_n as_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o oath_n do_v require_v thus_o have_v i_o give_v a_o brief_a account_n of_o the_o several_a form_n of_o swear_a allegiance_n which_o have_v be_v successive_o require_v of_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o upon_o the_o whole_a i_o think_v it_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o the_o law_n have_v be_v always_o uniform_a and_o constant_a in_o oblige_v the_o subject_n to_o a_o allegiance_n that_o require_v not_o a_o peaceable_a subjection_n only_o but_o also_o a_o actual_a assistance_n of_o our_o sovereign_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n against_o all_o person_n and_o all_o attempt_n whatsoever_o without_o any_o exception_n and_o this_o be_v last_o include_v in_o the_o obligation_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n also_o which_o be_v not_o so_o call_v mere_o because_o the_o person_n oblige_v by_o it_o be_v such_o as_o have_v their_o natural_a birth_n within_o the_o king_n dominion_n for_o person_n bear_v without_o the_o realm_n may_v be_v his_o natural_a subject_n as_o be_v the_o child_n of_o ambassador_n bear_v beyond_o sea_n case_n and_o the_o child_n of_o alien_n bear_v within_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o therefore_o natural_a subject_n of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o the_o mere_a circumstance_n of_o birth_n do_v not_o entitle_v any_o one_o to_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o natural_a subject_n nor_o consequent_o bind_v he_o to_o all_o the_o duty_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n but_o it_o be_v therefore_o call_v natural_a in_o our_o law_n because_o as_o great_a lawyer_n have_v affirm_v vaughan_n it_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o give_v the_o sovereign_a power_n a_o right_n to_o the_o allegiance_n of_o every_o one_o who_o be_v bear_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o it_o as_o every_o son_n be_v bear_v a_o subject_a to_o his_o parent_n and_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n oblige_v to_o honour_n and_o obey_v assist_v and_o support_v they_o so_o also_o be_v he_o bear_v a_o member_n of_o the_o body_n politic_a and_o by_o consequence_n a_o subject_a to_o the_o sovereign_n of_o it_o and_o according_o by_o the_o same_o eternal_a law_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v all_o faithful_a service_n and_o obedience_n to_o he_o when_o he_o be_v in_o a_o capacity_n to_o perform_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n here_o i_o mean_v that_o light_n of_o reason_n which_o be_v give_v we_o by_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n to_o direct_v we_o in_o all_o our_o action_n and_o this_o light_n when_o it_o be_v sufficient_o attend_v to_o and_o not_o darken_v with_o passion_n will_v clear_o show_v we_o how_o we_o shall_v demean_v ourselves_o in_o the_o several_a capacity_n and_o relation_n we_o stand_v in_o as_o it_o show_v we_o what_o obedience_n and_o fidelity_n a_o servant_n owe_v to_o his_o master_n a_o wife_n to_o her_o husband_n and_o a_o son_n to_o his_o father_n so_o it_o plain_o direct_v we_o what_o duty_n every_o member_n of_o a_o civil_a community_n owe_v to_o the_o supreme_a governor_n of_o it_o and_o that_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n direct_v we_o to_o pay_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n to_o he_o viz._n a_o active_a assistance_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n be_v evident_a both_o from_o reason_n and_o from_o the_o common_a consent_n and_o practice_n of_o almost_o all_o civilise_a mankind_n the_o two_o only_a way_n of_o demonstrate_v any_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o first_o it_o seem_v evident_a from_o these_o follow_a reason_n 1._o because_o such_o assistance_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o preserve_v the_o head_n of_o the_o community_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a body_n also_o for_o to_o every_o political_a body_n a_o sovereign_a head_n be_v so_o essential_a as_o that_o it_o can_v possible_o exist_v without_o it_o and_o therefore_o since_o the_o natural_a reason_n of_o all_o man_n do_v dictate_v the_o necessity_n of_o enter_v into_o society_n it_o must_v likewise_o teach_v they_o the_o necessity_n of_o contribute_v their_o actual_a assistance_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o those_o society_n and_o consequent_o of_o that_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v essential_a to_o the_o very_o be_v of_o they_o 2._o because_o every_o subject_a have_v receive_v actual_a protection_n and_o in_o effect_v his_o very_a life_n and_o be_v from_o the_o sovereign_a power_n for_o not_o only_a property_n and_o all_o the_o blessing_n of_o it_o but_o the_o conservation_n of_o even_a life_n itself_o be_v derive_v from_o civil_a government_n and_o therefore_o both_o justice_n and_o gratitude_n do_v oblige_v we_o to_o do_v all_o we_o can_v to_o preserve_v the_o be_v and_o the_o right_n of_o that_o sovereign_a power_n from_o which_o we_o derive_v our_o own_o our_o parent_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o our_o natural_a production_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n we_o be_v ever_o oblige_v â—o_o honour_n and_o support_v they_o though_o they_o prove_v never_o so_o unnatural_a to_o we_o because_o it_o will_v be_v always_o true_a that_o we_o have_v receive_v our_o be_v from_o they_o and_o the_o obligation_n of_o that_o benefit_n will_v last_v as_o long_o as_o our_o life_n such_o be_v our_o obligation_n to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n we_o have_v receive_v our_o life_n and_o property_n from_o it_o and_o it_o will_v be_v always_o true_a that_o we_o owe_v they_o to_o it_o and_o therefore_o though_o it_o become_v never_o so_o tyrannical_a still_o the_o obligation_n of_o obey_v and_o assist_v it_o will_v remain_v our_o gratitude_n must_v continue_v as_o long_o as_o we_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n and_o civil_a oppression_n can_v no_o more_o absolve_v subject_n from_o their_o allegiance_n than_o domestic_a cruelty_n can_v discharge_v child_n from_o the_o duty_n of_o obedience_n 3._o it_o may_v be_v prove_v also_o from_o the_o obligation_n of_o equity_n and_o justice_n which_o be_v certain_o found_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n now_o the_o grand_a fundamental_a rule_n of_o justice_n be_v these_o that_o we_o do_v to_o other_o as_o we_o will_v be_v do_v to_o our_o self_n and_o that_o we_o give_v to_o every_o one_o his_o due_a and_o by_o both_o these_o equitable_a rule_n all_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o assist_v and_o support_v their_o sovereign_n by_o the_o former_a because_o every_o subject_a do_v expect_v a_o actual_a protection_n of_o his_o person_n and_o property_n from_o the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o that_o when_o he_o be_v disable_v from_o contribute_v his_o assistance_n to_o support_v it_o and_o therefore_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o equity_n to_o give_v the_o like_a assistance_n to_o his_o sovereign_n in_o time_n of_o necessity_n and_o even_o when_o he_o can_v actual_o exert_v his_o power_n for_o the_o protection_n of_o his_o subject_n it_o be_v also_o due_a by_o the_o latter_a because_o the_o sovereign_n have_v a_o right_a to_o such_o assistance_n of_o his_o subject_n i_o will_v not_o here_o say_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o that_o be_v the_o thing_n which_o i_o be_o prove_v but_o by_o the_o positive_a civil_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n require_v that_o every_o man_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o right_n and_o that_o be_v true_o a_o man_n right_a which_o be_v such_o by_o a_o politic_a law_n and_o therefore_o since_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o political_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v a_o right_n to_o the_o actual_a assistance_n of_o their_o subject_n to_o deny_v it_o they_o be_v a_o violation_n not_o only_o of_o those_o law_n but_o even_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n also_o but_o 4._o there_o be_v yet_o a_o high_a reason_n for_o it_o which_o respect_v the_o author_n of_o all_o sovereignty_n for_o even_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n do_v teach_v we_o that_o a_o infinite_a be_v make_v the_o world_n and_o that_o he_o still_o govern_v it_o that_o from_o he_o all_o lawful_a dominion_n be_v derive_v and_o that_o king_n be_v his_o minister_n and_o vicegerent_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v obvious_a to_o infer_v that_o every_o subject_a be_v bind_v not_o only_o to_o submit_v but_o also_o to_o support_v and_o defend_v they_o because_o it_o be_v every_o man_n