for the use of the Eldest Son of the King of Portugal The Isle of Farnandopo is to the North of that and near the Coast of Guinea and the Kingdom of Benin Beyond the Line we find the Isle of Annobon which last the Portuguese called so because they discovered it on New-years day The Isle of Ascension discovered on Ascension day and therefore so called is farther to the South in the Ethiopick Sea and is neither inhabited nor habitable for want of Water but it is abounding in Turtle or Sea Tortoise St. Helena for a like reason so named is of all the Islands in the World the most Remote from the Continent being about Four hundred Leagues distant from it It hath excellent Fresh Water and so Salubrious an Air that the Sick who land there recover their Health quickly It belongs to the English and all the Ships that come from the East-Indies and belong to England do commonly put in and take Fresh Water there In the same Ocean and towards the Cape of Good-Hope are the small Islands of Elizabeth Cornelia and Fera. Beyond that Famous Cape and to the East of Africa in the Indian Sea lies the Isle of Madagascar called also of St. Laurence or of Laurence Armeide who discovered it in the year One thousand five hundred and six on the day of St. Laurence It is one of the greatest Islands in the World containing about Six hundred Leagues in Circuit Two hundred and sixty in Length and in some places an Hundred in Breadth It s Length reaches from North to South from the Eleventh Degree of South Latitude to the Five and Twenteth so that it is almost altogether in the Torrid Zone the Southern end of it being onely without it over which the Tropick of Capricorn passes It is very probable that they who have taken this for the Cerne of Pliny and the Menuthias of Ptolomy are mistaken and that the Ancients never knew it It hath no Towns only Villages beset with Stakes the fairest of which is Fauzaire The Inhabitants have little or no Religion they have neither Temples nor Altars they Fear a God but Worship him not The French have made some Voyages thither and printed Relations of the same There are many little Isles about this of the chief whereof we shall only speak To the East of it are the Isles of St. Mary of Bourbon Maurice and Diego Roiz To the North Gade Agulha and Natal To the West Mohila Camora Mayota Johanna and St. Christophers Near the Coast of Zonguebar is an Island of the same Name having to the South the Isle of Monfia and to the North that of Pemba Near the Cape Guardafuy lies Zocotora with a Town of the same Name This is the Dioscorides of the Ancients it produces the best Aloes and Dragons Blood between this and the said Cape lies another Island called Abba del Curia It is to be observed that the greatest part of Africa is in the Torrid Zone and that the Line cuts it so exactly in the middle that it reaches as far to the South as it does to the North of it that is to the Five and thirtieth Degree of South and North Latitude however the much greater part is to the Northwards The End of the Second Book A NEW GEOGRAPHY The THIRD BOOK AMERICA CHAP. I. AMERICA WE are now come to the New World for so Men hath been pleased to call this Continent which is divided from Europe Asia and Africa because it hath not been knowen to us much above an Hundred and four score years It is held that Christopher Columbus a Native of Genoua first discovered it in the year One thousand four hundred ninety two yet it carries not his Name but that of Americus Vespucius a Florentine who five years after Columbus in the year One thousand four hundred ninety seven discovered Brasile which was the cause that all that part of the World is called America It is likewise called the West-Indies in distinction from the East-Indies in Asia It hath to the East the Sea called the North Sea Mar del Nort to the West the South or Pacifick Sea to the South the Streights of Magellan but its bounds to the North are unknowen to us and we cannot tell whether there be Seas or Lands By the Isthmus of Panama which makes it two Peninsules it is divided into the North and South America In North America and on the North Sea are Estotiland Greenland Terra de Laborador Canada or new France New England Maryland Virginia Carolina Florida New Spain Jucatan Honduras Nicaragua Costarica and Veragua And on the Vermilian Sea Anien Quivira and New Mexico In South America are Golden Castille Guiana Brasile Plata and Terra Magellanica all upon the North Sea and on the South or Pacifick Sea Chili and Peru and Tucuman in the middle CHAP. II. North AMERICA ESTOTILAND Greenland and Terra de Labrador or Laborador have no Inhabitants but Savages who live amongst Ice and Snow with which these Countreys are covered The Reader must not expect Towns here for there are none at all We are only to observe that Greenland is a Countrey lately discovered and that there was another of the same Name which cannot now be found though the Kings of Denmark to whom it belonged have in vain sent Ships in search of it It had Towns with Churches and Monasteries but no body can tell what is become of it whether the passage to it be blockt up by the Ice or that it hath been swallowed up in the Ocean Canada is called New France because the French discovered and planted a Colony in it the chief places thereof are Quebec and Tadoussac upon the great River of St. Laurence New England is a Rich and Flourishing Countrey with many Towns the chief thereof is Boston Inhabited by the English Maryland is Peopled by the King of Great Brittain's Subjects and belongs to the Lord Baltimore who holds it of that Crown Virginia was so called by the English because they discovered it in the time of Queen Elizabeth who was never Married In it is James Town and some others the principal product of this Countrey is Tobacco which from hence is carried into most parts of Europe Carolina is a late Plantation of the English not fully settled as yet New ENGLAND VIRGINIA NEW SPAIN GUIANA New Spain is one of the loveliest Provinces in this New World There stands the City of Mexico which gave the Name to a great Empire whereof Montezuma was the last King Fernando Cortez Invaded it in the year One thousand five hundred and nineteen took that Prince and Conquered his Countrey There are many other Towns in that Countrey the chief whereof are Mechoacan Los Angelos Vera Crux Valladolid and Guatamala Mexico the Capital stands upon a Lake it is large and well peopled being the Residence of a Vice-Roy and Seat of an Archbishop Jucatan is a Peninsule on the Bay of Mexico the chief Town whereof is Merida
Regiomontum The Capital of Lithuania is Vilua In Livonia or Liefland are the Towns of Riga Reuel and Torpach it belongs almost wholly to the Suede being yielded to that Crown by the Treaty of Oliva in the Year 1660. The Capital of Massovia is Warsaw of Podlassia Bijelsko Caminiek and Bar are in Podolia and Vlodimer in Volhinia Leopolis an Archbishoprick is the Metropolis of Russia-Nigra Samogithia is also a Province of that State but hath neither Town nor Castle The Rivers of that Country are the Vistula or Weisel that passes by Cracocovia Sandomeria and Dantzick The D'una passing by Riga into Lithuania The Boristhenes or Nieper bounds these States on the East having its mouth in the Vkraine the Country of the Cosacques who are under the Dominion of the King of Poland but none of the best Subjects The Catholick Religion is the strongest in these States but the Calvinist and Lutheran are professed there also A Table of the Longitudes and Latitudes of the principal places in Poland and Lytuania Prussia Royal to Poland  Lat. Long. Dantzick 54 2 41 5 Elbing 54 1 42 4 Marienburg 53 5 42 1 Newenburg 53 3 41 5 Gulm 53 1 41 4 Thorn 53 0 41 4 Prussia Ducal to Brandenburg Brandenburg 54 3 43 4 Koningsburg 54 3 44 0 Alterburg 54 2 44 4 Tilse 54 5 45 4 Memmel 55 4 45 0 Samagotia in North Russia Midnick ab Nomie 55 3 46 1 Rosienne 55 2 46 5 Heligaw 56 0 44 4 Birce 56 0 48 5 Tauragen 55 1 46 1 Curland in North Russia Mittaw 56 3 47 3 Goldingen 56 4 45 4 Windaw 57 0 45 0 Liba 56 2 44 4 Plenen 57 1 46 2 Lithuania Palatinate de Poloczk Poloczk 55 2 53 3 Rosian 55 0 55 2 Drissa 55 5 52 1 Pal. de Witepsk Scasnistere 55 0 54 2 Witepsk 55 2 55 4 Witlisst 55 4 57 0 Vla 55 0 54 3 Horodeck 55 4 55 3 Pal. of Vilna Breslaw 55 4 50 4 Vilna 54 3 29 1 Froki 54 3 48 4 Milkemirs 55 0 48 4 Opixty 55 1 49 0 Pal. of Troki Troki 54 3 48 4 Pubinki 54 5 49 2 Kowne 54 4 47 4 Grodne 53 4 47 3 Lida 53 5 49 0 Wilkewiska 53 1 48 3 Bielica 53 4 49 1 Asuriana 54 2 49 4 Pal. d' Minsk Minsk 53 5 51 4 Borislaw 54 0 53 2 Pal. of Novigrodeck Novigrodeck 53 3 49 3 Skenim 53 0 49 0 Hasko 53 0 51 4 Mir 53 2 50 2 Pal. de Mesillaw Mesillaw 54 0 58 0 Orssa 54 2 56 0 Mohilow 53 4 56 0  54 3 47 3 Rohakzo 52 5 55 0 Rzeczyca 52 0 56 0 Pal. of Bressici Bressici     Pinek     Horodeck     Kolne     Nassovia Warsaw 52 1 44 1 Pultansk 52 4 44 3 Czersko 51 5 44 3 Wiskow 52 2 44 2 Nar 52 3 46 1 Wishegred 52 3 43 0 Poland Pal. of Plotsko  Lat. Long. Plotsko 52 3 42 4 Plousko 52 5 43 0 Doberin 52 3 42 2 Reppina 52 5 42 3 Pal. of Inowlocz Inowlocz 52 5 41 2 Wladislaw 52 4 40 4 Fredrelaut 53 2 40 4 Pal. of Posua Posuan 52 2 40 3 Rogosua 52 4 39 5 Welin 52 5 38 5 Krziwin 52 0 40 3 Miedzersee 52 2 38 2 Pal. of Kebish Ghesna 52 3 40 5 Kaelish 51 5 40 5 Navle 52 5 40 1 Lawdic 52 1 41 1 Colo 52 1 41 3 Pal. of Brest Brestie 52 3 42 0 Kraswick 52 4 41 1 Pal. of Rava Rava 51 5 42 3 Gabni 52 2 52 3 Gostinin 52 2 52 4 Pal. of Seradia Serad 51 3 41 0 Telun 51 1 40 5 Krzepick 51 0 41 0 Pal. of Lencici Lencici 52 1 41 4 Bresini 52 3 42 5 Pal. of Saudomira  Lat. Long. Lawichest 51 3 45 0 Saudomire 50 3 44 4 Visliczca 50 1 43 3 Malogocz 50 4 42 5 Zarnaw 51 1 42 5 Radom 51 1 44 0 Pal. of Cracaw Cracow 50 0 42 3 Zacor 49 5 42 0 Nowopol 50 5 41 5 Sandecz 49 4 43 1 Brecz 49 4 43 4 Pal. of Lublin Lublin 51 0 45 1 Czetiche 51 3 44 4 Kazimeeres 51 0 44 4 Lukow 51 4 45 4 Pal. of Bielsk Bielsk 52 4 47 1 Grodeck 62 1 56 2 Aguston 53 4 46 4 Goniutz 53 2 46 1 Drogierin 52 1 46 2 Pal. de Chelia 51 0 46 3 Dubur 50 5 77 1 Kranoslow 50 5 46 0 Pal. of Belez 50 1 47 4 Krilow 50 3 17 2 Pal. de Lemburg Terpold or Low 49 4 46 5 Halicz 48 5 47 5 Premislaw 49 3 45 3 Sanock 49 1 45 1 Sniatin 48 3 48 4 Pal. of Lusuck or Vithinna Mlodzimeers 50 4 47 4 Constantino 51 1 49 5 Horoskle 50 5 52 5 Lusuck 50 4 49 0 Pal. of Kaminieck 49 5 48 4 Barr 49 1 51 2 Bourack 49 0 48 3 Pal. de Bracklaw 52 4 48 5 Minieza 49 2 52 2 Vkrain or Cossacks Country Base Podolia Bialcerkew 50 0 54 4 Grudeck 50 0 53 2 Kiovia 50 4 55 2 Czyetkassia 49 3 56 3 Kudack 48 5 59 3 Krilow 49 2 47 3 Isles of y Tar-Treasure 48 0 58 1 Dutche de Czennihow Moryn 51 2 56 4 Kozel 50 2 57 4 Czernihow 51 5 57 0 CHAP. XVIII The Isles of Europe ENGLAND SCOTLAND IRELAND With the ILES Thereto Belonging ENGLAND SCOTLAND IRELAND The Island of Great Britain which comprehends the Kingdoms of England and Scotland is one of the biggest Islands in the Ocean The Kingdom of England is divided from Scotland that lies to the North by the River of Tweed and Cheviot Hills and from France by a narrow Sea called the Channel the chief Cities thereof are London on the Thames the Metropolis York and Canterbury its two Archbishopricks Oxford and Cambridg two famous Universities and several other great and populous Cities The chief Rivers of England are the Thames the Humber and the Severne This Kingdom is divided into fifty two Counties or Shires reckoning the Dominion of Wales which lies to the West thereof from which the eldest Sons of the Kings of England have their Titles of Princes of Wales Scotland a Kingdom to the North of England hath Edinburgh for its Metropolis St. Andrews and Glasgow two Archbishopricks and Universities and Aberdeen another University with many other Towns of less note the Rivers of Scotland are not very considerable except for Fishing The Orcades to the Northward of Scotland are many in number but only thirteen of them are inhabited and yet more Northerly are the Isles of Shetland belonging likewise to Scotland The Hebrides or Hebudes are to the West of Scotland and are above three hundred in number the greatest of which are Arran Skie and Mule The Isles of Anglesey and Man are to the West of England and the Isle of Wight to the South Ireland heretofore Hibernia lies to the West of England it is a great Island and hath many good Towns Dublin is its
Metropolis and its University Armach an Archbishoprick Cork Limmerick and Waterford its greatest River is Shanon Iseland lies under the Polar Circle which cuts it through the middle so that part of it lies on the Frigid Zone there is a Mountain here that cast formerly out flames of fire though at present it ceases called Aecla they have some though but few places of Habitation the chief of which is Skalhot The Western Islands called the Azores or Tercera's are betwixt America and Europe but nearer Europe and therefore they ought to be ranked among the European Islands there are nine of them Tercera St. Michael St. Mary St. George Gratiosa Pico Fayal Coruo and Flores Tercera that gives the name to all the rest is the greatest and has a Town called Augra they belong to the King of Portugal and produce plenty of Cedar We have spoken of those that are on the Coast of France when we gave the Description of that Country There are many Isles in the Mediterranean Sea and we have taken notice already of those that are on the Coasts of Spain Italy and France We must now speak of Candia and of the Isles upon the Coasts of Greece Candy heretofore named Creet which contained a hundred Towns has not at present above four or five which deserve that name Candia is the Capital and hath given that name to the Island the others are Canea Retimo and Sitia it belonged to the Venetians but after above twenty years War and that famous Siege of Candia it is at last fallen into the hands of the Turk it was once the Kingdom of Minos and the Labyrinth that Dedalus made was here and several other things which have been the Theams to the ancient Poets Corfou Zant and Cephalonia are in the Ionick Sea under the Dominion of the Venetians as also Cerigo heretofore Cythera which is to the South of Peloponesus or Morea Nigropent heretofore Euboea is upon the Coast of Achaia and on the Coast of Romania is Samandrachi which was called Samothracia and to the South of this Italimene anciently Lemnos where they dig Terra-Lemnia or Sigillata In fine the Egean Sea called the Archipelago and White Sea is full of scattered Islands which the ancients divided into the Cyclades and Sporades because those lie in a round and these are dispers'd upon and down The most famous have been Delos where Apollo and Diana were born at present it is called Sdrille Paros now Paro renowned for its White Marble Zea Andro Niscia Sifano and many others besides those that are near Asia which we shall afterwards discourse of We have already mentioned the Islands in the Baltick which the King of Denmark possesses but there are some others also that belong to the King of Sueden That of Oeland lies opposite to Calmar a Town of Gothia a little more to the North-Eastward is that of Gotland which heretofore had a famous Sea Port called Wisbuy which gave Laws to Commerce and Navigation The stately Ruins whereof show it to have been very Magnificent The Isles of Offel and Dagho are on the Coast of Livonia and that of Rugen is near to Pomerania all which are under the Dominion of Sueden but the Isle of Bornholm is Subject to the Dane Before we leave Europe it is to be observed that it is almost wholly under the Northern temperate Zone it hath some Regions indeed under the frozen Zone which are part of Norway Finmarchia and the greatest part of Lapland and some Lands of Moscovy towards the Streights of Waigatz the Streights of Gibralter and Cape Malapan in Morea lie in the six and thirtieth Degree of Latitude and these are the most Southern parts of Europe the North Cape lies in seventy two almost and is the most Northern place thereof The End of the First Book A NEW GEOGRAPHY The SECOND BOOK ASIA CHAP. I. ASIA IN the First Book we have given a Description of GEOGRAPHY in general and of all EUROPE in particular In the following Books we shall treat of the other parts of the Earth and in the first place of ASIA as being contiguous to EUROPE ASIA whereof we described the Bounds in the beginning was variously divided by the Ancients but at present these famous Names are abolished and it looks with a new countenance I think it ought to be divided according to the Principal Empires that share it which are under the Obedience of Five Great Monarchs to wit the Grand Signior the King of Persia the Great Mogol the King of China and the Great Cham of Tartary To these must be added some Kings of the East Indies with what the Portuguese possess there and the Isles that are numerous and very considerable CHAP. II. The Empire of the TURK in ASIA THE Emperour of the Turks whom we call the Grand Signior has his Imperial Seat at Constantinople which is in Europe but the greatest part of his Dominions is in Asia to wit Anatolia Syria Armenia Mesopotamia Arabia Chaldea Mingrelia Georgia and Circassia Anatolia of the Moderns is the Lesser Asia of the Ancients it is on three sides encompassed by Seas on the North by the Black Sea on the West by the Propontis and Archipelago on the South by the Mediterranean and hath the River Euphrates on the East It was heretofore divided into Two and twenty Provinces Pontus Bithinia Asia Propper the greater and lesser Phrygia Troas the greater and lesser Mysia Eolia Ionia Caria Doris Lydia Lycia Paphlagonia Pisidia Isaurta Pamphilia Cilicia Lycaonia Galatia and Cappadocia but at present their Names are lost their Bounds confounded their Towns ruined and their Inhabitants heretofore so polite are become barbarous Nor do we certainly know how the Turks divide and name them at present so that we must rest satisfied to remark the Chief Towns that remain Bursa is one of the most considerable and was the First Seat of the Turkish Empire it is a large and well-peopled City the miserable Remains of Nice and Chalcedon famous by their General Councils and the Ruins of Troy are to be seen there On the Archipelago are also Smyrna Ephesus where the Temple of Diana was reckoned one of the Seven Wonders of the World and where a General Council was also held Miletum Halicarnassus which is in Caria where Arthemisia erected to her Husband Mausolus that Stately Monument which was also ranked among the Wonders and hence it is that Rich Tombs are called Mausolea On the Mediterranean is Satalie which hath given its Name to a Neighbouring Bay and Tarsus where St. Paul was born On the Black Sea are Trabizonde the Seat of an Empire and in the Countrey of the Amazons Sinobi heretofore Sinope Angoure and Coni. Syria hath the Towns of Aleppo and Damascus which are two of the greatest Cities of the Turkish Empire Said anciently Tyre and Baruth heretofore Sydon famous Towns Antioch now ruined Alexandretta or Scanderoon its principal Sea Port and Tripoly of Syria TURQUIE in Asia TURQUIE in Europe