Bohemia Flemish Danish Polonian 〈◊〉 Turkish Ann. 1169. Anno 1339 Ann. 1400. Anno 1577 The rebellion of the Earle of Desmond Ann. 1578 Tyrones Rebellion Hugh Earle of Tyrone 〈◊〉 Ann. 1588. Anno 1589 Sir William Fitz-williams Lord Deputie Ann. 1590. Ann. 1590. Ann. 1590. Ann. 1591 Ann. 1592. Ann. 1593. Ann. 1594 Anno 1594 Sir William Russel Lord Deputie Ann. 1595. L. Deputy L. General together Ann. 1596. An. 1597. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lord Instice Lord Lieftenant and Lords Instices An. 1598. The defeat of Blackewater Anno 1598 Earle of Essex Lord Lieutenant The Establishment An. 15999. Camden saith onely one thousand Lords Instices Charles Blonnt L. Mountioy L. Deputy The Rebels strength An. 1599. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Connaght Vlster Lemstor A new Lord President of Mounster Affaires of Mounster The fight at the Moyry Carlingford fight Mounster An. 1601. Mounster The landing of the Spaniards Tyrones Forces shew themselues Tyrone shewes himselfe horse and foote Tyrone redues to assayle our Campe. The defeate of Tyrones forces The Spaniard parlies The conditions of the Spaniards yeelding Kinsale and other places The siege of Kinsale raised The Lord Deputy enters into Tyrone The affaires of Mounster The Earle of Tyrone receiued to mercy King Iames proclaimed The mutiny of the Cities in Mounster about Religion Sir George Carey left L. Deputy by the Lord Mountioy L. Lieutenant returning into England The death of the Lord Mountioy created Earle of Deuonshire Anno 1613 Uoraciti Fortitude and strength Wit and wisdome Crueltie persidiousnesse couetousnes and prodigality usie Suspition Madnesse Venerie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Religion Softnesse of skinne Cleanlinesse Luxurie Leuitie Fortunatenesse Diuels and the possessed with diuels Prouerbiall speeches of Trauellers in generall Prouerbiall speeches in particular of Germany Bohemia and Sweitzerland Prouerbiall speeches of Netherland or the Low-Countries Of Denmarke and Poland Prouerbiall speeches of Italy Particularly of the Italian Cities Of Turkey Of France England Poland and Ireland Germany and Sweitzerland and Boemerland The Alpes Low-Countries Denmark Poland Italy Turkey France England Ireland Scotland Sepulchers in generall Publike buildings for Merchants to meete Senate-houses Publike places for recreation Stables Clockes Theaters and water Conduits Bridges Goldesmiths shops Churches and Colledges Buildings in Germany Of Sweitzerland Of Boemerland Low Countries Of Denmark Of Poland Of Italy Of Turkey Of France Of England Of Scotland Of Ireland Of Forts in generall In generall of Geography Equator Meridian Paralells The fiue Zones Degrees Longitude and Latitude Zones Clymes Parts of the World Of Germany Sweitzerland Bohemia Vpper Germany containing Sweitzerland 19 Prouinces of lower Germany among which Bohemia is reckoned The situation of Germany The fertility of Germany Of the trafick of Germany The Germans diet Boemerland and Sweitzerland Of both in general Sweitz particularly Dohemerland particularly The first branch of Rheine The second branch The third branch The situation The fertility of the vnited Prouinces The traficke Dict. Denmarke The situation The Fertilty The traffake The 〈◊〉 Poland The situation The fertilty The traffick The dyot Italy The situation The 〈◊〉 The traffick Silk wormes The traffick Their diet The situation The fortility The traffick Their diet 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The situation The fertility and trafficke Their Diet. England The shires of Wales Other shires of England The situation The fertility and trafficke Their dyet Scotland The Ilands The situatio The fertility The trafficke The diet Ireland The funatiō The fertility and trafficke The Dyet Germany Bohmerland Sweitzerland Netherland Denmarke The Polonians Italie Turkey France England Ireland The historocall introduction The House of Austria The Empe rours pedegree The house of Austria The Emperours Dominions Bohemia Hungary The Emperour and his Court. The 〈◊〉 rors Election The institution of the Electors and diuers constitutions of the Empire concerning the Electors and other Officers and the Emperor himselfe At Coronation and like Feasts The generall date of the Empire The state of certaine Princes Of Cities Of Bishops Of secular Princes Of free Cities Of the Dietaes Of the Empires Common-wealth in generall The Taxes Impositions and Renenews Their warlike prouision in time of peace Their Ward fare of old Their horsemen at this day Their footemen at this day Their warfare in generall at this day Their Nauall power at this day The Imperiall Chamber Capitall iudgements Ciuil Iudgements The Lawes of Inheritance The degrees in Family First the Wiues Of seruants Of Sons and Daughters The degrees in Common-wealth Gentleman The generall Orders of Knights The Order of the Germā Knights Vpon the dissolution of this Order the Duke of Prussia was created The ordinaery degree of Knighthood in Germany Bishops Husbandmen The degrees in Bohemia The Princes of the Empire and free Cities The Duke of Saxony Elector The Count Palatine of the Rheine Elector and the Duke of Bauaria The Elector Palatine of the Rheine The Margraue of Brandeburg Elector The Spirituall Electors The Langraues of Hessen The City of Nurnberg chosen Angsburg Strasburg Franckfort Lubecke Hamburg Brunswicke The Dukes of Brunswick and of Luneburg The Duke of Brunswicke The City the Dukes of Luneburg Dantzke Emden Foure parts of the Commonwealth Thirteene Cantons Fellowes in league Stipendiary Cities and Gouernements Forraigne leagues for 〈◊〉 namely the papall leagues Forraigne hereditary leagues as that of Milan The Burgundian and Austrian league The German Emperors renew the League of Austria Phillip King of Spaine renewes the Leagues of Burgundy and Milan The League of Sauoy The French league Of the Sweitzers Common-wealth in generall The Tributes The Lawes Duells Iudgements Lawer Their Warfare Particular Common-wealths 13 Cantons in three fermes The sixe Townes and Villages of the first forme Foure Townes of the second Forme Three Cities of the third forme Of the fellowes in league Of the Abbot Towne of S. Gallus Of the Grisons Of the Valesians Of the Towne of Bipenne Of the stipendiary Cities Of the Gouernements The Commonwealth of Netherlan in generall Flaunders The House of Austria The vnited Prouinces The Ciuill warre The vnited States The Prince of Orange killed England protects them The House of Nassaw The Cōmonwealth of Flanders Of the commonwealth of the vnited Prouinces protected by the Queene of England The States or chiefe Gouernors Common-wealths of particular Cities The Lawes The Wines The Gentlemen Capitall Iudgements Of their 〈◊〉 in generall Their Foote and Horse Of their 〈◊〉 power
write any lies but that which I write is as true as strange When I returned into England some foure yeeres after I would not open the barrell I sent from Prage nor looke on the paper Booke in which I had written this dreame till I had called my sisters and some friends to be witnesses where my selfe and they were astonished to see my written dreame answere the very day of my Fathers death I may lawfully sweare that which my kinsmen haue heard witnessed by my brother Henry whilst he liued that in my youth at Cambridge I had the like dreame of my Mothers death where my brother Henry lying with me early in the morning I dreamed that my mother passed by with a sad countenance and told me that shee could not come to my commencement I being within fiue moneths to proceed Master of Arts and shee hauing promised at that time to come to Cambridge And when I related this dreame to my brother both of vs awaking together in a sweat he protested to me that he had dreamed the very same and when wee had not the least knowledge of our Mothers sickenesse neither in our youthfull affections were any whit affected with the strangenesse of this dreame yet the next Carrier brought vs word of our mothers death Being as I haue said certified of my Fathers death at Nurnberg and thinking not fit to goe on my iourney into Italy and yet being loath to returne into England before I had finished my purposed voyage I tooke the middle counsell to returne into the Low Countries that in those neere places I might dispose of my small patrimony for in England gentlemen giue their younger sonnes lesse then in forraine parts they giue to their bastards and so might leaue the same in the hands of some trusty friend Yet lest I should loose the opportunity of seeing Augsburg meaning to returne some other way into Italy I resolued to goe from hence to Augsburg and then to crosse ouer the West parts of Germany and so to passe along the Riuer Rhein into the Low Countries To Augsburg being two dayes iourney and a halfe I hired of the City Carrier in whose company I went an Horse for two Dollors as I remember The Merchants of Nurnberg and Augsburg giue pensions to eight of these Carriers daily passing betweene those Cities besides the profit they make of letters and other things they carry by horse The first day after breake-fast we rode one mile in a thicke wood and another mile through sandy corne fields somewhat wooddy both in the territory of the Nurnbergers and foure miles more in the territory of the Margraue of Anspach to Blinfield where each man paid for his supper and horse meat sixe batzen The second day we rode foure miles to Monheime through a wood of Iuniper full of blacke berries and barberies at the end whereof was a free City called Wassenberge and after through fruitfull hils and valleies of corne all the territory excepting the free City belonging to the Marshall of the Emperour not of the Empire when we came almost to our iourneies end the Carrier had a guide giuen him according to custome for theeues vsing to lie by that way Monheime belongs to the Phaltz-graue of Newburg being of the family of the Phaltz-graues of Rhein and there we paid each man for his dinner and horse-meat thirty foure creitzers which make eight batzen and a halfe and there we tasted Iuniper wine which I neuer remember to haue tasted else where After dinner we rode two miles and a halfe through fruitfull hils of corne and a small wood of Okes though all the woods of vpper Germany be commonly of firre bearing greene leaues all winter as those of inferiour Germany towards Denmarke be all of Okes. By the way we passed a Monastery granted to the Phaltzgraue of Rhein by the Emperour and a free City of the Empire called Donaward of the two Riuers Danow Werd meeting there and there we passed by bridge the Danow running by the City Then wee rode to Weschendorff two miles and a halfe more through fruitfull fields of corne pastures the Country belonging to the Fugares Citizens of Augsburg to diuers other Lords The Castle of this place belongs to the said Fugares who are rich famous for their treasure though they haue princely reuenues the title of barons yet stil are merchants here each man paid for his supper hors-meat 8. batzen a half The third day in the morning we rode three miles to Augsburg through a fruitfull plaine of corne without the wals whereof on the East and North and some part of the South sides the fields are drowned with waters and men passe to the Citie by causies for on these sides the ground lieth low but on the West side is all the beauty of the City where the houses are seated vpon a hill and ther is a place for the Merchants to meet called the Berle and likewise the Senate house in the street Weingasse so called of the Wine cellars There also be many Pallaces stately built of the Fugares and other Citizens all the building is of free stone sixe or seuen roofes high but in other parts it is more poorely built of timber and clay On this West part of the City is the Gate called Kuknerthore and the ditches are dry as they be round about the City the wals are of stone which being on all other sides narrow are on this side broad for vpon the wals of this side there be little houses built for fiue hundred Garrison Souldiers to dwell in with their wiues and families which place is vulgarly called Die schwang Here the Souldiers keep watch each three daies by turne each of them haue for pay six guldens by the moneth and there is a market place whether the Souldiers vpon any difference vse to challenge each other On this West side is another gate vulgarly called Der Einlasse by which passengers are receiued into the City by night when the gates are shut and this their entrance is so curiously admitted as many strangers desirous to see the fashion suffer themselues of purpose to be locked out at night and willingly giue a reward to the souldiers letting them in when they receiue in those that are shut out diuers gates are opened and no man being seene to open them are presently shut on the back of them that come in then they being thus shut as it were in a prison a box is put downe to them in which they cast a reward which done the Watch-men out of win dowes behold each man that is to enter and so being safe from all treason let them passe by the last gate into the City On the South side there be two gates Roatthore and Smitbogenthore on the East side the gate Iacoberthore and a little gate called Holeblatten-thorelin On the East side the Riuer Werda the Brooke Lecca running towards the North in three
when I had in silence and through many dangers seene Naples subiect to the King of Spaine and was now returned to Rome I presently went to the said Cardinall and after the fashion hauing kissed the hemme of his vesture I humbly desired that according to this his curtesie for which hee was much honoured in England hee would receiue mee into his protection till I might view the antiquities of Rome He being of a goodly stature and countenance with a graue looke and pleasant speech bad me rest secure so I could commaund my tongue and should abstaine from oftence Onely for his duties sake hee said that he must aduise me and for the loue of his Countrey intreate me that I would be willing to heare those instructions for religion here which I could not heare in England I submitted my selfe to these conditions and when after due reuerence made I would haue gone away the English Gentlemen and Priests there present ouertooke me in the next roome Among these was an Englishman a Priest of Calabria who in my iourney from Naples hither had been my consort by the way at the table and euen in bed whom I had often heard talking with the Italians of English affaires but more modestly and honestly then any man would expect of a Priest He taking my selfe and one Master Warmington an English Gentleman by the hands with an aftonished looke did congratulate with me that I who had bin his companion at bed and boord and whom he had taken rather for any countriman was now become an English man All the rest commended my iudgement in comming to the Cardinall and inquiring after my lodging promised to be my guides in Rome and for Countries sake to doe me a good offices and so after mutuall salutations I went from them I well knew that such guides would be very troublesome to me for they according to the manner disputing of Religion I must either seeme to consent by silence or maintaine arguments ful of danger in that place besides that to gratifie them for their courtesie I must needes haue runne into extraordinary expences Therefore hauing told them my lodging I presently changed it and tooke a chamber in a vitling house in the Market-place close vnder the Popes Pallace where I thought they or any else would least seeke mee and so being free from that burthen and yet secure in the Cardinals promised protection I began boldly yet with as much hast as I possibly could make to view the Antiquities of Rome The description of Rome drawne rudely but so as may serue the Reader to vnderstand the situation of the Monuments I. Il Borgo II. Trasteuere III. l'Isola IIII. The Gate del popolo V. The gate Pinciana VI. The gate Salara VII The gate Pia. VIII The gate di San ' Lorenzo IX g. Maggiore X. g. di S. Gionanni XI g. Latina XII g. di S. Sebastiano XIII g. di S. Paolo XIV g. di Ripa XV g. di S. Pancratio XVI g. Settimiana XVII g. di S. Spirito XVIII g. Fornac XIX g. la portusa XX. g. di Belucdere XXI g. di S. Angelo XXII Monte Capitalino XXIII M. Palatino XXIIII M. Auentino XXV M. Coelio XXVI M. Esquilino XXVII M. Viminale XXVIII M. Quirinale XXIX M. Vaticano XXX M. Ianiculo XXXI M. Pincio XXXII M. Citorio XXXIII M. Iordano XXXIIII M. Testaceo XXXV The bridge di S. Angelo XXXVI b. Vaticano XXXVII b. Sisto XXXVIII b. di quatro Capi. XXXIX b. di S. Maria. XL. b. di S. Bartolomco XLI b. Sublicio A. The Church of S. Giouanni Lateran ' B. C. of S. Pietro C. C. of S. Maria Maggiore D. C. of S. Croce in Hierosolyma Q. The Pallace of the Pope 3. Beluedere 4. Castel ' di S. Angelo 5. l'obelisco di Ginlio Cesare 6. The sepulcher di Cestio 7. Circus Maximus 8. The Church of S. Stefano rotondo 9. Trofei di Mario 10. lacolonna di Traiano 11. la colonna d' Antonio 12. The Church of S. Maria srpra la Minerua 13. C. di S. Maria rotonda 14. The Market-place Nanona 15. C. di S. Maria della consolatione 16. The Market place di Fiori 17. C. de la Trinita 18. C. di S. Rocco 19. The Bath of Dioclesian 20. le sette sale 21. The Arch of Constantine 22. The Arch of Vespasian 23. The Arch of Septimius Seuerus 24. The Theater of Marcellus 25. The Pallace of the Cardinall di Farnese Rome being situated on the East side of Tiber may further bee distinguished into three parts seated on the West side of Tiber whereof the first is called I I l Borgo and it containeth the Popes Pallace compassed with high walles by Pope Nicholas the fifth and the Garden thereof which of the faire prospect is called Beluedere and the Librarie and the Church of Saint Peter In vaticano and the field or Market-place lying before the Church and the strong Castle Saint Angelo all which were compassed with walles by Pope Leo the fourth and for a time this part was of him called Leonina but now it is called Il Borgo The second part is called II Trasteuere that is beyond the Tiber and was called of old I anicolo of the Mountaine included therein and also was called the Citie of the men of Rauenna of the Souldiers which Augustus kept at Raucnna against Anthony and after placed them here And because the aire is vnwholesome as the winde is that blowes heere from the South it is onely inhabited by Artisans and poore people And at this day it is compassed with walles which seeme ancient saue that it lies open towards the Tiber and Rome and it is adorned with Churches and buildings but much seuered one from the other The third part is called III l' Isola that is an Iland of Tiber which of old was called Licaonia of the Temple of Iupiter of Licaonta When Tarquinius the proud was of old banished from Rome the people abhorring to conuert the goods of such a wicked man to priuate vses did make his ground a field for training of souldiers and called it Campus Martius and the Senate commanded the great store of his corne chaffe and straw to bee cast into the Tyber of which matter growing together they say this Iland first came After a Temple was built in this Iland to Esculapius brought hither from Epidaurus in the shape of a Serpent and the Ile being consecrated to him was then made in the forme of the ship that brought that serpent whereof there is a monument in the Garden of Saint Bartholmew namely a stone in the forme of a ship with a Serpent grauen vpon it It is a quarter of a mile in length and some fiftie paces in bredth and it is full of stately Churches and houses If you draw a line from the East-side of the Mountaine Capitolino XXII to the Gate del popolo IIII lying towards the North and from the said Mountaine draw aline to the furthest part of the Bridge vpon the West side of
into Sweitzerland The lower part of which Citie vulgarly la bas rue is seated in a plaine and the rest vpon a Hill The buildings are faire and of free-stone This Citie being consederate with some of the Sweitzer Cantones and more strictly with Berna hath defended the freedome of the Citizens and the profession of Reformed Religion for many yeeres with great courage and pietie and through many miseries and practises to subduethem against the pretended rightes of the Bishop and the Duke of Sauoyes ambition and hatred he beares to the Reformed Religion The lower part thereof on the North side lies close to the South side of the Lake where is a little hauen for Gallies which they haue built to keepe free the passage of the Lake And on the same side is a strong Fort and there the Riuer Rhodanus comming out of the Lake enters the Citie and runnes through the lower part thereof hauing two bridges for passage The Duke of Sauoy who hath long watched to surprize this Citie possesseth the East side of the Lake but the Citie is carefull not to suffer him to build any Gallies thereupon and vpon the least rumour of building them armeth their Gallies to burne the same Therefore the way into Sauoy lying vpon the East South East side of the Citie in a Plaine betweene Hilles and Mountaines the Citie hath built a Fort of little circuit but great strength with fortifications of earth some Musket shot without the walles vpon that way and therein continually keepes a Garrison Not farre thence the Riuer Arba flowing from the Easterne Mountaines doth beyond the Citie fall into Rhodanus At the South Gate is a publike Church-yard for buriall and an Hospitall or Pest house which are both without the walles On the same side within the walles is a pleasant walke vpon Hilles where of old a pillar was erected with this inscription To the Emperour Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Pius by Foelix Aug. greatest Bishop with Tribunall power Consull c. On the West side of the Citie without the walles little Mountaines lying not farre distant might seeme dangerous for the encamping of enemies saue that on the one side they are compassed with the Territorie of Berne confederate with the Citie and on the other side with the Riuer Rhodanus so as the enemies passage to them is very difficult This Citie was of old repaired by the Emperour Aurelius and Iulius Caesar makes mention of this Citie in his first booke of the Gaules warre so as the antiquitie thereof cannot be doubted Here I had great contentment to speake and conuerse with the reuerent Father Theodore Beza who was of stature something tall and corpulent or big boned and had a long thicke beard as white as snow He had a graue Senatours countenance and was broad faced but not fat and in generall by his comely person sweete affabilitie and grauitie he would haue extorted reuerence from those that least loued him I walked with him to the Church and giuing attention to his speech it happened that in the Church porch I touched the poore mans box with my fingers and this reuerend man soone perceiued my errour who hauing vsed in Italy to dip my fingers towards the holy water according to the manner of the Papists lest the omitting of so small a matter generally vsed might make me suspected of my Religion and bring me into dangers of greater consequence did now in like sort touch this poore mans box mistaking it for the Font of holy water I say hee did soone perceiue my errour and taking me by the hand aduised me hereafter to eschew these ill customes which were so hardly forgotten When I had taken counsell with my friends if it were safe for mee to goe the right way from Geneua to Paris they being of great experience disswaded me from that iourney which could not but be dangerous the Peace being scarsely concluded and the Countrey being full of bands of Souldiers returning to their owne home which councell after I found good by Experience the mother of fooles And when they perceiued that I was obstinately purposed to passe through France into England they aduised mee rather to passe into France by the Dukedome of Loraine which for the time was more free from the tumults of warre whose councell I thought good to follow so as I was now to returne to Strassburg in Germany almost the same way I came Thus after noone I left Geneua and rode that day foure miles to Morgen The second day in the morning I rode in two houres space to Losanna and in fiue houres space to Milden where I payed eight batzen for my dinner and horse-meate After dinner in foure howers space I rode to Bitterline and payed fourteene batzen for my supper and horse-meate The third day in the morning I rode one mile as they call it in foure houres space to Morton in three howers space to Berne one of the Sweitzers Cantons through sandy fieldes of Corne and many Woods At Geneua many French Gentlemen and Students comming thither for the libertie of their religion did speake pure French and from that Citie all the people spake a barbarous French till I came neere Berne where they first began to speake the Sweitzers language Being to describe Berne giue me leaue first for Trauellers sake to mention what I haue read in some Authors that in the Territorie of Lucerna which I neuer viewed and who are earnest Papists and so may iustly bee suspected in like reports there is a wonderfull Lake vpon the banke whereof they say Pilate doth once in a yeere walke anired in Iudges robes and that whosoeuer then sees him doth die the same yeere The most faire Citie Berne hath the name of Beares in the Dutch tongue because Berthold Duke of Zeringen being to build the Citie and going fourth to hunt thought good to giue it the name of the first beast he should meete and kill And there being a Wood of Oakes in the very place where the Citie was to be built the workemen cutting the same for the building of the Citie did sing this Rime in Dutch Holtz lass dich hawen gern Die stat muss heissen Bern. Wood let vs willingly cut thee this Citie must Bern named be They write that the ground whereupon the Citie is built was of old called the Sacke and that the Citie thereupon was built in forme of a sacke This most faire City is not of any great antiquitie for Berthold the founder thereof died in the yeere 1175. It is built vpon a little Mountaine yet seemes to be seated in a Valley because it is compassed with greater Mountaines The little Mountaine whereupon it is seated is narrow and the full bredth thereof is within the walles neither is it much longer then the Citie lying in length from the West to the East in which length it hath three faire and broad streetes and is fortified round about with the Valleys of this
take it in good part as the guift of a poore gentleman and nothing lesse then an Indian Merchant as they suspected This house called Lazaretto was built of free stone with Cellers for the laying vp of goods and had pleasant walks both in the yard and garden and the Keeper of this house had furnished me with a bed and all necessaries and for the seuen daies past had bought vs our meat in the City which he would likewise haue dressed but that my seruant was a Cooke and for this seruice he had done I gaue him also a zechine Then we went into the Citie lodged with an Italian who had oftē brought vs meat and necessaries to the Lazaretto and with him my selfe and my seruant had conuenient beds and plentifull diet for which I paid sixe lyres each day But the horsemen who conducted vs to Candia came often to me and for that seruice I gaue to each of them a zechine and by them I vnderstood the prices of the Market for diet So as all the Candians speaking Italian aswell as their naturall Greeke tongae and I finding the rate of our expences to bee excessiue I determined to hier a chamber and to buy my owne meate in the Market But it happened that at the same time an English Merchant landed who was a Factor to buy Muskedines of Candia whereof and especially of red Muskedint there is great plenty in this Iland and this Merchant called Richard Darson being wel acquainted with the best courses of liuing in Candia had hired a little house and a woman to dresse his meate and at my intreaty he was content to giue vs a chamber in his house and to hier vs two beds that so we might dyet together where he vsed vs very curteously and our dyet was as plentifull as before at a far lower rate diuiding our expences into three parts whereof he paied one and myselfe two for my owne and my seruante diet There was at that time great dearth of Corne so as white bread was hardly to be got though the Italians making their meales for the most part of bread vse to haue it very white and good Here we bought a Bocale of rich Wine containing two English quarts and a halfe for a lire of Venice a Pigion for 7 soldi a Partridge for a lire or 16 soldi a pound of veale for 7 soldi of mutton for some 5 soldi we had plentie of fruits for a small price The Beefe in Italy vseth to be leane and is seldome eaten and such beefe they had here for by the Law called Foscherini it is commaunded that no man shall kill a beefe till it be vnfit to draw in the Plough and to doe like seruice Here I paid foure lires for a paire of shooes the rest of my expences I omit for brenitie sake those sufficing to giue a passenger some guesse at what rate he may liue Onely I will adde that the worke of Porters and labouring men as well in Italy as here is had for small wages because there is great number of poore people and they abhorre from begging so as one soldo contents a Porter for bringing your victuals from the Market When I went to Ierusalem and sailed by the Iland of Candia I made some mention thereof and I haue now formerly set downe the length breadth and circuit and the distance thereof from other Prouinces and haue shewed that Candia is subiect to the Venetians and haue also named the chiefe Gouernours thereof for that time I will now briefely adde that this Iland is defended by a Venetian Garrison against the Great Turke to whom all the adiacent Countries are subiect That it hath great plentie of red Muskedines where with England for the most part is serued That it hath great plentie of all kinds of Corne of all manner of Pulse of Oyle of all kinds of flesh of Canes of sugar of Hony of Cedar trees of all coloured Dyings of Cypres trees where of many sweete smelling Chests are made and carried into forraine parts and of all necessaries for human life Neither is any venemous beast found in this Iland but it hath store of medicinable hearbs especially vpon the famous Mountaine Ida. The Cities of this Iland were of old one hundred and in the time of Pliny fortie but at this day there bee onely three namely Canea at the West ende of the Iland neere which lies the Fort Sonda with a Hauen capable of a thousand Gallies The second called Retbino by the Italians seated on the South-side of the Iland vpon which side the Italians adde a fourth Citie called Settia and the third called Candia the Metropolitan Citie of the Iland which is faire and large built of stone with a low roofe after the manner of Italy and the streets thereof are faire and large It is strongly fortified as need requires by the Venetians against the Turkes and to that purpose hath a strong Castle From this Citie a large and pleasant Plaine leades to the foresaid caue of Mines which the Candians call the Sepulcher of Iupiter neere which is the most famous Mountaine Ida which they hold to bee seated in the middest of the Iland being higher then any of the other Mountaines thereof and it aboundeth with Cypres trees Finally I remember that when I lodged in the Monastery San ' Maria Ogidietra the Caloiri or Monkes who for the most part are vnlearned and till the ground and labour like laimen assured me that each measure of corne sowed in their fields the yeere past had yeelded ninetie fiue measures CHAP. IIII. Of my iourney from Candia partly by land partly by Sea by the sea shoares and by the Ilands of the AEgean Sea Pontus and Propontis to the Citie of Constantinople And of my iourney thence by Sea to Venice and by Land to Augsburg Nurnberg and Stode in Germany And of my passage ouer Sea into England And of my iourney through many seuerall Shares of England Scotland and Ireland VPon Monday the twentie of December after the old stile at three of the clock in the afternoone we went aboard a little Greeke Barke loaded with Muskedines and with tunnes of Lemons Iuyce which the Turks drinke like Nectar and with Onions and ready to saile for Constantinople where I payed for my passage fiue zechines and as much for my seruant The night following was very bright with Moone-shine yet we staied all the night in the Hauen compassed with walles either because the Gouernour of the Castle would not let the Barke go forth till the Master had satisfied him or because the Master pretending that cause of stay had some businesse to dispatch The next morning early being the one and twentie of December we set saile and the same day we sailed close by the Iland Zantorini more then one hundred miles distant from Candia They report that this Iland and another of the same name both of little circuit were in our age
cast vp in the middest of the Sea with an eruption of flames and of Brimstone and that they are not inhabited but are commonly called the Diuels Ilands because many ships casting anchor there and fastning their Cables vpon land haue had their Cables loosed by spirits in the night and so suffered shipwrack or hardly escaped the same The night following we sailed in the middest of many Ilands which made that Channell very dangerous and for my part I was more affraid of the danger because our Candian Merchant growing acquainted with an harlot in the ship was not ashamed to haue the vse of her body in the sight of the Marriners that watched and much blamed him for the same Vpon Wednesday the two and twentie of December we sailed by the Iland Paros celebrated by Poets for the fine Marble growing there and so we came to the Iland Naxos two hundred miles distant from Candia Naxos and the adiacent Ilands had their owne Duke of old but now are subiect to the Turke as the other Ilands bee for the most part And our Marriners dwelling in this Iland and landing to see their wiues we also landed with them where I did see vpon a Hill like a Peninsul neere this chiefe Village two Marble images erected to Thesius and Ariadne Here I obserued that when any stranger or Inhabitant lands the beggers flock to the dores of the houses or Innes where they eate and hauing formerly obserued in the Greeke Church at Venice that when they gaue their Almes to beggers they not onely suffered them to touch their garments with their lousie rags but also tooke them familiarly by the hands I knew not whether I should attribute this fashion to their charitable affection in time of their bondage or to their seldom feasting and the multitude of beggars In the euening we loosed from Naxos and sailing ouer a channell no lesse dangerous then the former for the multitude of Ilands vpon the three and twentie of December we passed close by the shoare of the Iland Zio called Chios of old It is inhabited by Greekes as the other Ilands are and is famous for the pleasantnesse and fertiltie of the situation and soyle It yeeldeth great store of Mastick and the country people keepe flocks of raine Partridges as of Hens other where They brag that Homer lyes buried vpon the Mountaine Helias and this Iland hath Saint George for their protecting Saint and beares his Crosse in their Flags as England doth Here we might distinctly see the shoare of Asia in that part where of old the seuen Churches stood not farre distant to which Saint Iohn writes his Reuelation And the Iland Pathmos is not farre distant where Saint Iohn liued in exile Towards the euening we cast anchor neere the Iland Metelene which is seated as Zio in the Egean Sea and is no lesse pleasant and fertile Of old it was called Lesbos then Issa and after Pelasgia and therein were borne Pythagoras the Poet Alceus Antimenides Theophrastus Phanius Arion and Tersandrus and the famous woman Poet Sapho Zio is distant one hundred and forty miles from Naxos and Meteline ninety miles from Zio The foure and twenty of December being Christmas euen after the old stile vsed among the Greekes and in all Turkey early in the morning we weighed anchor and with a faire but gentle wind sayled close by the shoare where the City of Troy stood of old seated in a plaine and vpon pleasant hils neere the Sea and at this day the ruines of Illium the Castle of Priamus are seene vpon a hill and the ruines of the wals in the plaine yet shew the circuit of the City The Poets said truly Hic seges est vbi Troia fuit Corne growes now where Troy once stood Yet the plowed fields haue very many ruines of buildings On the North side of these Troian ruines a necke of Land lies towards the Sea where they say the Greekes encamped and left their fatall Troian Horse Right ouer against this Land lies the Iland Tenedos scarce ten miles distant in the Hauen whereof we cast anchor for an hower vnder a little Castle and this Tenedos is sixty miles distant from Metelene From hence sailing some eighteene miles we passed by two necks of Land one of Greece on the West-side the other of Asia the lesse now called Natolia on the East-side and after twelue miles saile we entered the streight of Hellespont now called the two Castles the description whereof I will defer till my returne this way The Greek Marriners haue a custome here to demand a gift of all Merchants passengers in their ship for ioy of their happy voyage and they say which I beleeue not that if any refuse they tie a rope to his feete and draw him vp to the top of the maste till he yeeld to this custome but howsoeuer we all obeyed this ridiculous custome not to offend them who had vsed vs well This channell running from the blacke sea called Euxinus into Propontis and so by Constantinople to these said two Castles and from hence into the AEgean sea from the North towards the South is alwaies contrary to those that sayle from the mediteranian sea to Constantinople especially after they enter this streight of the two Castles and neere Constantinople it runnes with such force towards the South as they that saile to the City whereof we had experience with the best winds yet sayle very slowly This violence of the Channell is attributed to great Riuers violently falling into the blacke Sea The foresaid Christmas euen we landed at Gallipolis a Greeke City seated in Thrace hauing the name as it seemes from the French and eight and twenty miles distant from the two Castles On Saturday the fiue and twenty of December being Christmas day after the old stile we set saile but the winds droue vs backe to the Hauen of Gallipolis where being detained some few daies though I staied in the ship for feare of some fraud from the Turkes yet once I went on Land with our Marriners The City lieth in length vpon the shoare of Propontis from the South to the North and it hath without the wals towards the West great number of Wind-mils the buildings are of slint or little vnpolished stones one or two stories high and the roofe is low and tiled not plaine and plastered to walke vpon as they be in Syrea and Cyprus and this roofe is so low as it hath no windowes so as the buildings of these parts are very like those of Italy The Hauen is on the East side and vpon the opposite shoare of Asia towards the East are the ruines not farre distant of Nice a City of Bithinia famous for the holy Councell held there of old Vpon Saterday the first of Ianuary we sailed sixty miles in this straight of Propontis to the Iland Marmora not without feare of Turkish Pirats the Hauen of
for the vnderstanding of the former iournall THE Trauellers most commodious course is to deliuer into the hands of some Merchant those kinds of gold or siluer coynes which are of greatest value in those parts to which he takes his iourney with couenant to deliuer him by his Factor the same both in the Species or kind and in the number or to send them in that sort to him by a trusty messenger But the first course is not in vse besides that it is a difficult taske to find such diuers kinds in any particular place except it be from the Exchangers and Vsurers who vse not to serue another mans turne for profit or otherwise without their owne gaine and being most expert in such affaires are like to draw all the hoped profit to themselues And the second course threatens many dangers by robberies by confiscations of the transmitted Coynes and by the doubtfull credit of the messengers Particularly in England and France he that is knowne to carry great summes of money about him shall runne great danger to be robbed and in England the Law forbids any Traueller vpon paine of confiscation to carry more money about him out of the Kingdome then will serue for the expences of his iourney namely aboue twenty pounds sterling As likewise in France the like Law restraines the exporting of money allowing an Horseman from Lyons to Rome eighty crownes from Turine to Rome fifty and no more for his expences all greater summes found about him being subiect to confiscation yet I confesse that many wary Trauellers haue exported greater summes out of England into France and out of France into England and thereby with these hazards haue made great gaine But vpon the confines of Italy and the seuerall principalities thereof yea at the gates of each City in Italy most crafty Officers so curiously search into the breach of these Paenall Statutes and so narrowly prie into all mens carriage neuer wincking at any delinquent as there is no hope vpon breach of the Law to escape the penalty for these searchers are tied to more strict attention in this businesse that according to their Office they may beware least their Princes be defrauded of their Tributes And since very Iewels and the least toyes carried about passengers are subiect to frequent Tributes according to the frequent Principalities these good fellowes leaue nothing vnassaied in the wished discouery of these fraudes yea where they haue no iust suspition of fraud yet cease they not to trouble passengers in this kind till they haue extorted some bribe or gift from them Behold here a two horned danger as I may tearme it of the captious argument called Dilemma which trauellers cannot possibly escape in Italy who carry about them Iewels or great summes of money where they are in danger of confiscation if they hide them warily and of theeues if they shew them and pay due tributes for them For theeues namely men banished for notorious crimes lie continually vpon the confines of Princes very frequent in Italy and more specially of the Kingdome of Naples and of the Popes territory In Germany Bomerland Sweitzerland the Low-Countreys Denmarke Poland and Turkey passengers may carry summes of money about them with more security neither haue I there obserued any great danger therein so that the passenger affect not solitarinesse and be so wary as not to boast of his plenty Touching the diuers kinds of Coynes to be transported I forewarne the Reader that the gold Coynes of England and of France and aswell the siluer as gold Coynes of Spaine are in generall spent abroad with greatest gaine but euen the gold and siluer Coynes of other Princes are rarely currant out of their owne Dominions and can hardly be exchanged among Merchants without some losse Againe that hee who exports any gold coynes must take care to haue them of iust weight for such hee may disburse with gaine but shall beare losse in others that are lighter because they want the helpe of their Princes Prerogatiue where no man can be forced to receiue them Now I wil briefly shew which kinds of foraine coines are most valued in diuers states In England the gold and siluer coynes of Spaine and French Crownes are highly valued In Scotland the same coynes and as well in Scotland as Ireland moreouer the gold and siluer coynes of England are valued For Germany at Stode the English angels and all the gold coynes of England France and Spaine are most esteemed but if you passe into the vpper parts of Germany you must for your expences there change these coynes at Stode into the Rhenish gold guldens and siluer dollers of Germany But at Vienna and the confines of Hungary the Hungarian ducats are most currant In Bohmerland the Rheinish gold guldens the siluer dollers of Germany and the Hungarian ducats In Sweitzerland first the French Crownes of gold then the gold guldens and siluer dollers of Germany In Denmarke the siluer and gold coynes of England At Dantzk in Prussen and throughout all Poland the gold coynes of England and the gold guldens and siluer dollers of Germany and especially Hungarian ducats In France vpon the Sea coasts the Angels and gold coynes of England are currant but for your iourney further into the land you must change them into French Crownes and the siluer coynes of that Kingdome and the gold coynes of Spaine are very currant in all the Cities euen within the land In the Low Countries all coynes are currant they being most cunning exchangers and wanting many things yet drawing to them abundance of all forraine commodities so as they haue skill to draw gold out of the dung as he said of Ennius Yet they most esteeme the coynes of England Spaine and France In Turkey the gold zechines of Venice are most currant and preferred euen before their owne Sultanones of gold The coynes after them most esteemed and to be spent with most gaine are the siluer ryals of Spaine which the Italians call Pezzi d'otto and Pezzi di quattro pieces of eight and pieces of foure and the Turks call piastri and halfe piastri In Italy generally the gold coynes of Spaine are spent with most aduantage In the next place and more particularly at Venice and Naples the French Crownes are esteemed but in Italy more then any other place you must haue care they be of iust weight In generall all gold coynes may be put away with gayne at Venice but they being in other parts of Italy lesse valued or not currant hee that trauels higher must change them there into siluer Crownes of Italy and least the weight of them should be burthensome and he should chance to fall into the hands of theeues called Banditi banished men he shall do well to carry no more about him then will suffice for the expences of his iourney and to deliuer the rest to some Venetian Merchant of credit taking his bils of exchange or letters by which he may receiue them
to Healing my deare Sister Faith Mussendines house being situate neere the South banke of Humber in the Countie of Lincolne In which place and my deare sister Iane Alingtons house neere adioyning whilest I passed an idle yeere I had a pleasing opportunitie to gather into some order out of confused and torne writings the particular obseruations of my former Trauels to bee after more delibrately digested at leasure After this yeere spent in Countrey solace the hopes of preferment drew me into Ireland Of which iourney being to write in another manner then I haue formerly done of other Countries namely rather as a Souldier then as a Traueler as one abiding in Campes more then in Cities as one lodging in Tents more then in Innes to my former briefe discourse of the iourneys through England and Scotland I haue of purpose added there out of my ordinary course the like of Ireland onely for trauellers instruction I am now to treate of the famous and most dangerous Rebellion of Hugh Earle of Tyrone calling himselfe The Oneale a fatall name to the chiefe of the sept or Family of the Oneales and this I will doe according to the course of the former Part namely in this place not writing Historically but making only a Iournall or bare narration of daily accidents and for the rest referring the discourse of Ireland for all particulars to the seuerall heads wherein each point is ioyntly handled through all the Dominions of which I haue written Onely in this place for the better vnderstanding of that which I principally purpose to write I must craue leaue to fetch some short re membrances by the way of preface higher then the time of my owne being in Ireland in the Lord Mountioy his Gouernement About the yeere 1169 not to speake of the kind of subiection which the Irish are written to haue acknowledged to Gurguntius and some Brittan Kings Henry the 2 being himself distracted with French affaires gaue the Earle of Strangbow leaue by letters Patents to aide Dermot Morrogh King of Lemster against the King of Meath And this Earle marrying Eua the daughter of Dermot was at his death made by him heire of his Kingdome Shortly after King Henrie himselfe landed at Waterford and whilst he abode in Ireland first Dermott Mac Carthy King of Corcke and the South part of Mounster and Dunewald Obzian King of Limrick and the North part of Mounster then Orwark King of Meath and Roderick King of Connaght by singular priuiledge ouer the rest called the King of Ireland and the aboue named King of Lemster yet liuing did yeeld themselues vassals vnto King Henrie who for the time was saluted Lord of Ireland the title of King being first assumed by acte of Parliament to King Henrie the eight many yeeres after In the said Henrie the seconds raigne Sir Iohn de Courcy with foure hundred voluntary English souldiers sent ouer did in fiue battailes subdue Vlster and stretcht the bounds of the English pale as farre as Dunluce in the most Northerne parts of Vlster About 1204 Iohn Courcy of English bloud Earle of Vlster and Connaght did rebel and was subdued by Hugh Lacy. About 1210 the Lacies of English bloud rebelling were subdued by King Iohn who after some three moneths stay returned backe into England where the Lacies found friends to be restored to their Earledome of Vlster About 1291 O-Hanlon some Vlster Lords troubling the peace were suppressed by the English Colonies From 1315 to 1318 the Scots made great combustions in Ireland to whom many Irish families ioyned themselues and both were subdued by the English Colonies In the yeere 1339 generall warre was betweene the English Colonies and the Irish in which infinite number of the Irish perished Hitherto Ireland was gouerned by a Lord Iustice who held the place sometimes for few yeeres sometimes for many In the yeere 1340 Iohn Darcy an Englishman was made Iustice for life and the next yeere did exercise the place by his owne Deputy which neither before nor after I find to haue been granted to any but some few of the Royall bloud About the yeere 1341 the English-Irish or English Colonies being degenerated first began to be enemies to the English and themselues calling a Parliament wrote to the King that they would not indure the insolencies of his Ministers yet most of the Iustices hitherto were of the English-Irish or English borne in Ireland About the yeere 1361 Leonel Duke of Clarence was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and sometimes left his Deputy to gouerne it This Duke being Earle of Vlster and Lord of Connaglit by the right of his wife came ouer with an Army of some 1500 by pole and quieted the borders of the English Pale in low Lemster Hereformed the English-Irish growne barberous by imbracing the tyrannicall Lawes of the Irish most profitable to them which caused them likewise to take Irish names and to vie their language and apparrell To which purpose good Lawes were made in Parliament and great reformation followed aswell therein as in the power of the English for the leuen yeeres of his Lieutenancy and after till the fatall warres of Turke and Lancaster Houses And hitherto most of the Iustices were English-Irish About the yeere 1400 Richard the second in the eighteenth yeere of his Raigne came with an Army of foure thousand men at Armes and thirtie thousand Archen fully to subdue the Irish but pacified by their submissions and no act of moment otherwise done he returned with his Army into England After to reuenge the death of the Earle of March his Lieutenant he came againe with a like Army but was soddenly recalled by the arriuall of Henry the 4 in England During the said Kings Raigne Ireland was gouerned by his Lord Lieutenunts sent from England and in the Raignes of Hen. the 4 and Hen. the 5 by Iustices for the most part chosen of the English-Irish only the Lord Scroope for 8 yeres was Deputy to Thomas the second son to Hen. the 4 who was L. Lieutenant of Ireland This I write out of the Annals of Ireland printed by Camden In which from the first Conquest of Ireland to the following warres betweene the Houses of Yorke and Lancaster in England I find small or no mention of the Oneals greatnesse among the Irish Lords And I find very rare mention of any seditions in Vlster especially among the Northerne Irish so as that Prouince from the first Conquest to these ciuill English warres doth thereby seeme to haue beene one of the most peaceable and most subiect to the English Neither reade I therein of great forces or summes of mony lent out of England into Ireland except voluntaries and the cursary iourneys of King Iohn and King Richard the second but rather that for the most part all seditions as well betweene the English-Irish and the meere Irish as between the English-Irish themselues were pacified by the forces and expences of the same Kingdome During the
shortly after escaped out of prison being all prisoners of great moment whose inlargement gaue apparant ouerture to ensuing rebellion Neither did the Irish spare to affirme that their escape was wrought by corruption because one Segar Constable of the Castle of Dublin by Patent hauing large offers made him to permit the escape of Oreighly and acquainting the Lord Deputy therewith was shortly after displaced and one Maplesdon seruant to the Lord Deputy was put in his place in whose time those prisoners escaped To returne to the orderly course of my relation The Earle on the last of August and the same yeere 1590 did before the Lord Deputy and Counsell of Ireland confirme the aboue mentioned Articles sent thither out of England faithfully promising by word and vnder his hand to performe then But still he delaied and put off the performance by letters vnto both States intreating that equall security might be taken of Sir Tyrlogh Lynnogh and in generall of all the bordering Lords which he knew at that time most difficult to effect and by many subtile shifts whereof he had plenty About this time Mac Mahown Chiefetaine of Monaghan died who in his life time had surrendered this his Countrey held by Tanistry the Irish law into her Maiesties hands and receiued a regrant thereof vnder the broad seale of England to him and his heires males and for default of such to his brother Hugh Roe mac Mahowne with other remainders And this man dying without heires males his said brother came vpto the State that he might be setled in his inheritance hoping to be countenanced and cherished as her Maiesties Patentee but he found as the Irish say that he could not be admitted till he had promised to giue about sixe hundred Cowes for such and no other are the Irish bribes After he was imprisoned the Irish say for failing in part of this payment and within few daies againe inlarged with promise that the Lord Deputy himselfe would go to settle him in his Countrey of Monaghan whither his Lordship tooke his iourney shortly after with him in his company At their first arriuall the gentleman was clapt in bolts and within two dayes after indited arraigned and executed at his owne house all done as the Irish said by such Officers as the Lord Deputy carried with him to that purpose The Irish said he was found guilty by a Iury of Souldiers but no gentlemen or freeholders and that of them foure English souldiers were suffered to goe and come at pleasure but the other being Irish kerne were kept straight and starued till they found him guilty The treason for which he was condemned was because some two yeeres before he pretending a rent due vnto him out of the Ferney vpon that pretende louied forces and so marching into the Ferney in warlike manner made a distresse for the same which by the English law may perhaps be treason but in that Countrey neuer before subiect to law it was thought no rare thing nor great offence The greatest part of the Countrey was diuided betweene foure gentlemen of that name vnder a yeerely rent to the Queene and as they said not without payment of a good fine vnder hand The Marshall Sir Henry Bagnoll had part of the Countrey Captaine Henslowe was made Seneshall of the Countrey and had the gentlemans chiefe house with a portion of land and to diuers others smaller portions of land were assigned and the Irish spared not to say that these men were all the contriuers of his death and that euery one paid something for his share Hereupon the Irish of that name besides the former allegations exclaimed that their kinsman was trecherously executed to intitle the Queene to his land and to extinguish the name of Mac Mahowne and that his substance was diuided betweene the Lord Deputy and the Marshall yea that a pardon was offered to one of the Iury for his son being in danger of the Law vpon condition hee would consent to find this his kinsman guilty Great part of these exclamations was contained in a complaint exhibited against the Lord Deputy after his returne into England to the Lords of her Maiesties Councell about the end of the yeere 1595 in the name of Mac Guire and Euer Mac Cooly one of the Mac Mahownes chiefe ouer the Irish in the Ferny To which Sir William Fit Williams then sicke at his house sene his answere in writing There first he auowes to the Lords that the fact of Mac Mahowne was first adiudged treason in England and that his calling in question for it was directed from thence and for the manner of proceeding herein not prescribed that it was 〈◊〉 and contrary to their calumnious allegations who complained against him He further answered that the most part of the Countrey was not bestowed on the Marshall Sir Henrie Bagnall but that seuen of the chiefe in that Countrey had the greatest part of it that three hundred Freeholders were raised to her Maiestie with eight hundred pound yeerely rent and that all the Country seemed then glad of his execution and ioyfully receiued the English Lawes The rest of the complaint he denied and for the bribe of Cowes in particular did 〈◊〉 that Euer Mac Gooly one of the 〈◊〉 offered him seuen thousand Cowes to make him chiefe of the name when he might haue learned that his mind was not so poore to preferre Cowes or any bribes before the Queenes seruice To returne to our purpose certaine it is that vpon Mac Mahownes execution heart-burnings and lothings of the English gouernement began to grow in the Northerne Lords against the State and they shunned as much as they could to admit any Shiriffes or any English to line among them pretending to feare like practises to ouerthrow them The sixteenth of Iuly 1591 the Earle of Tirone wrote vnto the Lords of England excusing himselfe that Sir Tyrlogh Lynnogh was wounded by his men while he sought to prey his Countrey In the same moneth he suffered his Countrey of Tyrone to be made Shire ground being by certaine Commissioners bounded on euery side and diuided into Baronies and the Towne of Dungannon made the Shier Towne where the Goale should be In the moneth of October he wrote againe to the Lords iustifying himselfe against the complaint of the Marshall Sir Heury Bagnoll auowing that he had not stolne his sister or taken her away by force but that after her brothers many delayes she willingly going away with him hee married her And that he had no other wife being lawfully diuorced from her whom the Marshall termed his wife He complained against the Marshall that he reaped the benefit of all that in Vlster which by his endeauouris had been brought to her Maiesties obedience That he had obtained vnder the great Seale a superioritie ouer Vlster which he exercised ouer him About this time the Northerno Lords are thought to haue conspired to defend the Romish Religion for now first
among them Religion was made the cloake of Treason to admit no English Shiriffes in their Countries and to defend their libertie and rights against the English In the Moneth of August 1592 the Earle of Tyrone by his letters to the Lords in England iustified himselfe against the complaint of Sir Tyrlogh Lynnogh apparantly shewing that his sonne Con Oneale did not disturbe the Commissioners sitting in Monaghan but that they hauing one hundred Foote for their guard were afraid of two Horsemen which they discouered He wrote further that he had brought Odonnel into the State who since his aboue-mentioned escape out of prison had stood vpon his defence and that he would perswade him to loyalty and in case hee were obstinate would serue against him as an enemy And further craftily intreated the Lords that he might haue the Marshalls loue that they being neighbours might concurre the better for her Maiesties seruice and that their Lordships would approue of his match with the Marshals sister for whose content he did the rather desire his loue In the beginning of the yeere 1593 or about this time a Northerne Lord Mac Guire began to declare himselfe discontent and to stand vpon his defence vpon the execution of Mac Mahowne and the ielousies then conceiued by the Northerne Lords against the English This Mac Guire Chiestaine of Fermannagh auowed that he had giuen three hundred Cowes to free his Countrey from a Shiriffe during the Lord Deputies Gouernment and that not withstanding one Captaine Willis was made Shiriffe of Fermannagh hauing for his guard one hundred men and leading about some one hundred women and boyes all which liued on the spoile of the Countrey Hence this barberous Lord taking his aduantage set vpon them and droue them into a Church where he would haue put them all to the sword if the Earle of Tyrone had not interposed his authoritie and made composition for their liues with condition that they should depart the Countrey Whereupon the Lord Deputy Sir William Fitz Williams sent the Queenes forces into Fermannagh wonne Mac Guires Castle of Exiskillen and proclaimed him Traytor And the Irish auow that the Lord Deputy there let fall threatning speeches in publike against the Earle of Tyrone calling him Traytor These speeches comming to the Earles hearing he euer after pretended that they were the first cause that moued him to misdoubt his safetie and to stand vpon his defence now first combining himselfe with Odonnell and the other Lords of the North to defend their Honours Estates and Liberties When Tyrone first began to plot his Rebellion he said to haue vsed two notable practises First his men being altogether rude in the vse of Armes he offered the State to serue the Queene against Tyrlogh Lynogh with sixe hundred men of his owne and so obtained sixe Captaines to traine them called by our men Butter Captaines as liuing vpon Cesse and by this meanes and his owne men in pay which he daily changed putting new vntrained men in the roome of others he trained all his men to perfect vse of their Armes Secondly pretending to build a faire house which our State thinkes a tye of ciuilitie he got license to transport to Dungannon a great quantitie of Lead to couer the Battlements of his house but ere long imployed the same only to make bullets for the warre But I returne to my purpose Sir Henrie Bagnoll Marshall of Ireland had formerly exhibited to the State diuers articles of treason practised by the Earle of Tyrone who now would not come to the State without a protection To these articles the Earle answered by letters saying that the Marshall accused him vpon enuy and by suborned witnesses and that he together with the Lord Deputy apparantly sought his ouerthrow Further complaining that the Marshall detained from him his sisters portion whom hee had married and that according to his former complaint he vsurped iurisdiction ouer all Vlster and in particular exercised it ouer him Yet these articles of treason against the Earle were beleeued in England till he offered by his letters to stand to his triall either in England or Ireland And accordingly he answered to the said Articles before the Lord Deputy and Councell at Dundalke in such sort as they who had written into England against him now to the contrary wrote that hee had sufficiently answered them Whereupon the Lords of England wrote to the Earle of Tyrone in the moneth of August of the following yeere that they approued his answeres and that in their opinion he had wrong to be so charged and that publikely before Iudges and especially that his answeres were for a time concealed Further they commended him for the token of loyalty he had giuen in dealing with Mac Guire to submit himselfe exhorting him to persist in his good course and charging him the rather for auoiding his enemies slaunder not to medle with compounding of Controuersies in Ulster out of Tirone without the Lord Deputies speciall warrant At the same time their Lordships wrote to the Lord Deputy taxing him and the Marshall that they had vsed the Earle against Law and equitie and that hee the Lord Deputy was not indifferent to the Earle who offered to come ouer into England to iustifie himselfe Thus was the Earle cleared in shew but whether through feare of his enemies or the guiltines of his conscience he shewed himselfe euer after to be diffident of his owne safety In the beginning of the yeere 1594 Mac Guire brake into open Rebellion he entered with forces into Connaght where the Burkes and Orwarke in Letrim commonly called Orwarkes Countrey for disobediences to the State had been prosecuted by Sir Richard Bingham Gouernour of that Prouince This foretunner of the greater conspirators shortly after seconded by Mac Mahowne was perswaded to enter Connaught by Gauranus a Priest whom the Pope forsooth had made Primate of all Ireland and was incouraged thereunto by his ominating of good successe But by the valour of Sir Richard Bingham the Gouernour Mac Guire was repelled with slaughter of many of his men among whom this pretended Primate was killed Against this Mac Guire the Earle of Tyrone serued with the Queenes forces and valiantly fighting was wounded in the thigh yet this Earle prouiding for his securitie about this time imprisoned the aboue mentioned sonnes of Shane Oneale who had escaped out of Dublin Castle and if they had been there kept would haue been a sure pledge of his obedience neither would he restore them to libertie though he were required so to doe but still couering his treacherous heart with ostentation of a feare conceiued of his enemies he ceased not daily to complaine of the Lord Deputies and Marshals enuy against him and of wrongs done him by the Garrison souldiers Thus the fier of this dangerous Rebellion is now kindled by the aboue named causes to which may be added the hatred of the conquered against the Conquerors the difference of Religion
the loue of the Irish to Spaine whence some of the are descended the extortions of Sheriffes and sub-Sheriffes buying these places the ill gouernement of the Church among our selues and the admitting Popish Priests among the Irish and many such like And this fier of rebellion now kindled shall be found hereafter to be increased to a deuouring flame by slow slender oppositions to the first erruptions before they had libertie to combine and know their owne strength by not laying hands timely on suspected persons of quality to preuent their combining with the rest especially in Mounster being as yet quiet by intertaining and arming of Irish men a point of high ouersight begun by S r Ioh. Perrot increased by S r Will. Fitz. Williams the present L. Deputy who at the first sending of forces into Formannagh gaue power to certaine Irish men to raise companies which they did of their own Country men so as this ill custome being after continued it both furnished the enemy with trained men and filled our Bands with such false hearted souldiers as some doubted whether we had not better haue them enemies then friends By a Treatie entertained at the very entrance of the Rebellion before any blow was strucken which made the Traytors proud and daunted the hearts of good subiects By ensuing cessations long cotinuing and giuing liberty to the Traytors to strengthen their combination and to arme themselues in forraine parts and at home whereupon all idle and discontented people had opportunitie to draw into Tyrone and the Traytor Earle of Tyrone had meanes to oppresse the bordering Lords of Countries adioyning whereof many feeling once his power some for feare some for loue ioyned with him Besides that the Army in the meane time was not onely an excessiue charge to the Queene but lay idle and in stead of hurting the enemy oppressed the subiect thereby daily driuing many into Rebellion Lastly for I will not more curiously search the causes being not suteable to so briefe a narration as I intend the Rebellion was nourished and increased by nothing more then frequent Protections and Pardons granted euen to those who had formerly abused this mercy so as all entred and continued to bee Rebels with assurance to be receiued to mercy at their pleasure whereof they spared not to brag and this heartened the Rebell no lesse then it discouraged the subiect This present yeere 1594 about the month of August Sir William Fitz-williams the Lord Deputy being recalled into England Sir William Russell tooke the sword About this time Vlster men in open hostility distressed her Maiesties forces and Tyrone so I will hereafter call him deseruing no addition of title hauing long absented himselfe from the State was vndoubtedly reputed a party in their rebellion when his sudden voluntary appearance before this new Lord Deputy at Dublin in the very first moneth of his gouernement made many hope better of him He most assuredly promised al humble obedience to the Queene as well before the State at Dublin in his own person as to the Lords in England by his letters and making his most humble submission to her Maresty besought to be restored to her former Grace from which he had fallen by the lying slanders of his enemies not by any his iust desert The Marshall Sir Henry Bagnoll was then ready to proue before the Lord Deputy Articles of high treason against Tyrone and to auow that he sent mac Guire with his Primate into Connaght That hee had secret intelligence with the Traytors Mac Guire and Odonnell and had communicated counsels with them and gaue them aide in the wasting of Monnaghan and the besieging of Eniskellin by his brother Cormac mac Baron and by Con his owne base son and that he by threats had drawne the Captaines of Kilulto and Kilwarny from their faith and alleageance to the Queene It was in Councell debated whether Tyrone should be staied to answere hereunto and the Lord Deputy was of opinion he should be staied but most of the Counsellers either for idle feare or inclination of loue to Tyrone thought best to dismisse him for that time and the counsell of these as more in number and best experienced in Irish affaires the Lord Deputy followed This much displeased the Queene since this Foxes treasonable practises were now so apparant and her selfe had forewarned that in case he came to the State he should be staied till he had cleered himselfe of all imputed crimes And the Lords in England by their letters thence sharpely reproued the Lord Deputy for so dismissing him which might giue the Rebels iust cause to thinke that they durst not charge him with treason for feare of his forces and their Lordships professed to doubt that Tyrones performance would not be such as might warrant this act The Lord Deputy shortly after tooke the field and leauing for martiall causes the Earle of Ormond for ciuill causes the Lord Chanceller to gouerne Lemster and those parts in his absence drew the forces into Fermannagh that he might releeue Enis-Kellin and expell mac Guire out of his Countrey This winter following it seemes there was some negotiation on both sides about peace For in the moneth of February the Lords of England wrote to the Lord Deputy of her Maiesties dislike of certaine writings sent ouer from Odonnel and Sir Arthur Oneale namely that in their petitions they included the pardon of mac Guire and Orwarke commonly called Orurke That they indented with the Lord Deputy that he should come to Dundalke within a moneth and especially that the Lord Deputy by Sir Edward More should desire a fortnight more for his comming thither Their Lordships also signified that the Queene sent ouer 2000 old souldiers which had serued vnder General Norreys in Britanny giuing order that they should be diuided into hundreds and so many Captaines besides that 1000. souldiers were leuied in England to be sent thither And because their Lordships iudged that all the practises of the Northern Lords came out of Tyrones schoole how soeuer he grossely dissembled the contrary their Lordships aduised the Lord Deputy to offer Odonnel pardon so as he would seuer himselfe from Tyrone And that the rather because he was put into rebellion by Sir Iohn Perrots imprisoning him without any cause Tyrone hearing that supplies of souldiers namely the old souldiers of Britany were comming for Ireland and that Garrisons of English were to be planted at the Castles of Ballishanon and Belike lying vpon the Lake Earn thought it no longer time to temporise Wherefore about this time of this yeere ending or the first entrance of the yeere 1595 he drew his forces together and in open hostilitie suddenly assaulted the Fort of Black-water built vpon the passage into Tyrone on the South side and taking the same raced it and broke downe the Bridge And now the Northerne Rebels with Banners displaied entred the Brennye Yet at this time Tyrone subtilly made suite for
pardon and promised the Treasurer at warres Sir Henrie Wallop that he would continue his Alleageance to the Queene At this time likewise Feagh Mac Hugh Walter Reagh and many Lemster men began to enter into actions of hostility against the English The Lord Deputy who saw this storme of Rebellion would lye heauy on his shoulders in his letters to the I ords in England had let fall a request that some olderperienced Commander might be sent ouer to him for his better assistance meaning no doubt such a Captaine as should be commanded by the supreame authority of the Lord Deputie But the Lords either mistaking his intent or because they so iudged it best for her Maiesties seruice sent ouer Sir Iohn Norreys a great Leader and famous in the warres of the Low Countries and France giuing him the title of Lord General with absolute command ouer military affaires in the absence of the L. Deputie This great Commander was not like to be willingly commanded by any who had not borne as great or greater place in the warres then himselfe So as whether through emulation growing betweene him and the Lord Deputy or a declining of his Fortune incident to the greatest Leaders howsoeuer he behaued himselfe most valiantly and wisely in some encounters against Tyrone and the chiefe rebels yet he did nothing against them of moment About the beginning of Iune the L. Deputie and the Lord Generall drew their Forces towards Armagh and now Tyrone had sent letters of submission to them both intreating the Lord Generall more specially for a milder proceeding against him so as he might not be forced to a headlong breach of his loyaltie These letters should haue been deliuered at Dundalke but the Marshall Bagnoll intercepting them stayed the messenger at the Newrye till the Lord Deputies returne at which time because in this iourney Tyrone had been proclaimed Traytor he refused to receiue them in respect of her Maiesties Honour Yet shortly after at Tyrones instance Sir Henrie Wallop Treasurer at Warres and Sir Robert Gardner chiefe Iustice of Ireland were by Commission appointed to conferre with him and his confederate Rebels Tyrone in this conference complained of the Marshall for his vsurped iurisdiction in Vlster for depriuing him of the Queenes fauour by slaunders for intercepting his late letters to the Lord Deputie and Lord Generall protesting that he neuer negotiated with forraine Prince till he was proclaimed Traytor His humble petitions were that hee and his might be pardoned and haue free exercise of Religion granted which notwithstanding had neuer before either been punished or inquired after That the Marshall should pay him one thousand pound for his dead Sisters his wiues portion That no Garrisons nor Sheriffes should be in his Country That his Troope of fiftie horse in the Queenes pay might be restored to him And that such as had preyed his Country might make restitution Odonnell magnifying his Fathers and Progenitors seruices to the Crowne complained that Captaine Boyne sent by Sir Iohn Perrot with his Company into his Countrey vnder pretence to reduce the people to ciuilitie and being well entertained of his Father had besides many other iniuries raised a Bastard to be Odonnel and that Sir Iohn Perrot by a ship sent thither had taken himselfe by force and long imprisoned him at Dublin And that Sir William Fitz Williams had wrongfully kept Owen O. Toole aboue mentioned seuen yeeres in prison His petitions were for pardon to him and his and for freedome of Religion That no Garrisons or Sheriffes might bee placed in his Countrey And that certaine Castles and lands in the County of Sligo might bee restored to him Shane Mac Brian Mac Phelime Oneale complained of an Iland taken from him by the Earle of Essex and that he had been imprisoned till he surrendered to the Marshall a Barrony his ancient Inheritance Hugh Mac Guire complained of insolencies done by Garrison souldiers and by a Sheriffe who besides killed one of his nearest Kinsmen Brian Mac Hugh Oge and Mac Mahowne so the Irish called the chiefe of that name suruiuing and Euer Mac Cooly of the same Family of Mac Mahownes complained of the aboue-mentioned vniust execution of Hugh Roe Mac Mahowne in the Gouernement of Sir William Fitz Williams The Commissioners iudged some of their petitions equall others they referred to the Queenes pleasure But when on the Queenes part they propounded to the Rebels some Articles to bee performed by them they were growne so insolent as iudging them vnequall the conference was broken off with a few dayes Truce granted on both sides when the Queene for sparing of bloud had resolued to giue them any reasonable conditions This Truce ended the Lord Deputy and the Lord Generall about the eightenth of Iuly drew the Forces to Armagh with such terror to the Rebels as Tyrone left the Fort of Blackwater burnt the Towne of Dungannon and pulled downe his House there burnt all Villages and betooke himselfe to the Woods They proclaimed Tyrone Traytor in his owne Countrey and leauing a Guard in the Church of Armagh they for want of victuals returned to Dublin and by the way placed a Garrison in Alonaghan And when the Army came neere to Dundalke the Lord Deputie according to his instructions from England yeelded the command of the Army to the Lord Generall and leauing him with the Forces in the Northerne Borders returned to Dublin The third of September Hugh Earle of Tyrone Hugh O Donnel Bryan O Rourke Hugh Mac Guire Bryan Mac Mahowne Sir Arthur Oneale Art Mac Baron Henry Oge Oneale Turlogh Mac Henry Oneale Cormac Mac Baron Tyrones Brother Con Oneale Tyrones base Sonne Bryan Art Mac Brian and one Francis Mounfoord were for forme of Law indited though absent and condemned iudicially of Treason in the Countie of Lowthe neere the Borders of the North. From this time the Lemster Rebels began to grow very strong for Feegh Mac Hugh of the Obirns Donnel Spanniah of the Cauanaghs when they were declining in want of munition were not prosecuted but vpon fained submission were receiued into protection and so had meanes to renew their Forces and supply their wants so as this yeere about this moneth of September they began to oppresse al the subiects from the Gates almost of Dublin to the County of Wexford the most ancient English County and euer much cared for by the Queene which they spoiled wanting forces to defend it and so depriued the English souldier of great reliefe he might haue found therein The like may be said of the Oconnors in Ophalia Generall Norris being left by the Lord Deputie on the Northerne Borders with full command of the Army the Winter passed without any great exploit There was in many things no small emulation betweene the Lord Deputie and him and no losse in Tyrones particular The Lord Deputie seemed to the Lord Generall to be vnequall and too tharpe against Tyrone with whom he wished no treaty of Peace to bee
hold which he wisely did hauing experienced his false subtiltie and knowing that he sought delaies onely till hee could haue aide from Spaine But the Lord Generall whether it were in emulation of the Lord Deputy or in his fauour and loue to Tyrone was willing to reclaime him by a Gentle course which that crafty Fox could well nourish in him And it seemes some part of the Winter passed while this proiect was negotiated betweene them For in the beginning of the yeere 1596 a Comission was procured out of England whereby her Maiestie though iustly offended with Tyrone and his associates about their demaunds in the former conference with Sir Henry Wallop and Sir Robert Gardner yet in regard of their letters of humble submission since that time presented to her doth signifie her gratious pleasure to Sir Iohn Noreis Lord Generall and Sir Geffry Fenton her Maiesties Secretary for Ireland giuing them authoritie to promise pardon of life and restoring of lands and goods to the said Lords seeking with due humilitie her Royall mercy and to heare them with promise of fauourable consideration in all their complaints And thus much the Commissioners signified to Tyrone and Odannell by Captaine Sant Leger and Captaine Warren sent of purpose vnto them with instructions dated the eleuenth of Aprill this present yeere 1596 and with reference of other particulars to a meeting appointed to be at Dundalke The twentie of the same month Tyrone at Dundalke before these Commissioners craued the Queenes mercy on his knees signing with his hand a most humble submission in writing vowing faith in the presence of Almightie God who seeth into the secrets of all mens hearts and to vse still his owne words most humbly crauing her Maiesties mercy and pardon on the knees of his heart His first petition for liberty of Religion was vtterly reiected For the second touching freedome from Garrisons and Sheriffes he was answered that her Maiestie would not be prescribed how to gouerne In the third interceding for Orelyes pardon it was disliked that he should capitulate for others yet giuing hope of his pardon vpon his owne submission For the fourth concerning the Iurisdiction of Armagh the answer was that her Maiesty would reserue all the Bishops right For the fifth concerning the freeing of Shane Oneales sons it was referred to her Maiesties further pleasure Finally he promised to 〈◊〉 from aiding the Rebels and from intermedling with the neighbor Lords To make his Country a Shiere to admit a Shiriffe To renounce the title of Oneale To confesse vpon his pardon all his intelligences with forraine Princes and all his past actions which may concerne the good of the State To rebuild the Fort and Bridge of Blackwater and to relieue the Garrison for ready money at all times To deliuer in sufficient Pledges To dismisse all his Forces to pay such reasonable fine to her Maiesties vse as should be thought meete by her Maiestie Hugh Odonnel at the same time did agree to diuers articles for the good of his Countrey and made his like humble submission The like did Hugh mac Guire Bryan mac Hugh Euer Oge Roe mac Cooly Bryan Orewark called Ororke Shane Mac Bryan Phillip O Reyly and others To each one was giuen vnder the Commissioners hands a promise of her Maiesties pardon vpon putting in of Pledges And Proclamation was made to giue notice hereof to all the Queenes subiects that in the meanetime no acts of hostilitie might be done against any of those who had thus sub mitted themselues Thus the Vlster Rebels by a submission too honest to be truly intended by them whilest Pledges were expected and Pardons drawne were freed from the prosecution of the Queenes Forces this Summer And euen at this time did Tyrone solicite aide in Spaine and two or three messengers came secretly to the rebels from thence by whom many of them as Ororke Mac William c sent a writing signed to the King of Spaine couenanting that if hee would send sufficient Forces they would ioyne theirs to his and if he would at all relieue them in the meane time they would refuse all conditions of Peace But Tyrone though consenting yet was too craftie to signe this Couenant yea craftily he sent the King of Spaines answere to the Lord Deputie whilest hee notwithstanding relied on the promised succours I finde nothing of moment done this Summer by the Forces with the Generall being restrained by the last agreement at Dundalke onely about the end of August hee wrote out of Connaght vnto the Lord Deputie complaining of diuers wants and desiring more Forces to be sent him To whom the Lord Deputie answered that his Lordship had warrant to supply some of his wants in the Countrie and denied the sending of any Forces to him because himselfe was to goe into the Field By this time the rebels of Lemster were as I formerly mentioned growne strong Feogh Mac Hugh breaking his protection entred into acts of hostilitie and he together with the O Mores O Connors O Birnes O Tooles the Cauenaghs Butlers and the chiefe names of Connaght animated by the successe of Vlster men combined together and demaunded to haue the barbarous titles of O and Mac together with lands they claimed to be restored to them in the meane time spoiling all the Country on all sides About the moneth of Ianuary Sir Richard Bingham Gouernour of Connaght who had valiantly beaten Ororke out of his Countrie and prosecuted the Bourks and other Rebels was called into England vpon complaints of the Irish and Sir Conyer's Clifford was sent to gouerne Connaght This Gentleman complained off by the Irish was valiant and wise but some of our English Statesmen thought him too seuere and that he had thereby driuen many into rebellion howsoeuer himselfe very well experienced in the Country and those who best vnderstood the Irish nature found nothing so necessarie for keeping them in obedience as seueritie nor so dangerous for the increase of murthers and outrages as indulgence towards them His answers to their complaints could not be so admitted as for the time some discountenance fell not on him which reward of seruices he constantly bore till in short time after to his great grace the State thought fit againe to vse his seruice in a place of great commaund in the Armie Sir Iohn Norreys Lord Generall Sir George Bourcher Master of her Maiesties Ordinance and Sir Geffery Fenton her Maiesties Secretary for Ireland being by Commission directed to treat againe with Tyrone did by their letters dated the twenty of Ianuarie remember him of the fauour he had receiued at the last treatie at Dundalke and charged him as formerly he had been charged with high ctimes since that committed by him to the violation of the Articles then agreed on therefore aduising him that since they were for her Maiesties seruice to draw to the Borders he would there testifie to them his penitencie for offences done since his pardon by
of the Lord Liefetenant the Lords Iustices caused Tyrones pardon to be drawne and sealed with the great seale of Ireland bearing Date the eleuenth of April in the fortith yeere of her Maiesties Raigne and of our Lord the yeere 1598. Tyrone receiued his generall pardon but continuing still his distoyall courses neuer pleaded the same so as vpon his aboue mentioned 〈◊〉 in September 1595. you shall find him after 〈◊〉 in the yeere 1600. The Irish kerne were at the first rude souldiers so as two or three of them were imployed to discharge one Peece and hitherto they haue subsisted especially by trecherous tenders of submission but now they were growne ready in managing their Peeces and bold to skirmish in bogges and wooddy passages yea this yeere and the next following became so disasterous to the English and successefull in action to the Irish as they shaked the English gouernement in this kingdome till it tottered and wanted little of fatall ruine Tyrone wanted not pretences to frustrate this late treaty and to returne to his formen disloyalty and the defection of all other submitties depending on him followed his reuolt First he sent aid to Phelim mac Feogh chiefe of the Obirnes the sonne of Feoghmac Hugh killed in Sir William Russels time to the end he might make the warre in Lemster against the English And because the English Fort of Blackewater was a great eye sore to him lying on the cheefe passage into his Countrey he assembled all his forces and assaulted the same But Captaine Thomas Williams with his company vnder him so valiandy repelled the great multitudes of the assaylants with slaughter of many and the most hardy attempting to scale sort which was onely a deepe trench or wall of earth to lodge some one hundred Souldiers as they vtterly discouraged from assayling it resolued to besiege it a farre off and knowing they wanted victuals presumed to get it by famine This Captaine and his few warders did with no lesse courage suffer hunger and hauing eaten the few horses they had liued vpon hearbes growing in the ditches and wals suffering all extremities till the Lord Lieftenant in the moneth of August sent Sir Henry Bagnoll Marshall of Ireland with the most choice Companies of foote and horse troopes of the English Army to victuall this Fort and to raise the Rebels siege When the English entered the Pace and thicke woods beyond Armagh on the East side Tyrone with all the Rebels forces assembled to him pricked forward with rage of enuy and setled rancour against the Marshal assayled the English and turning his full force against the Marshals person had the successe to kill him valiantly fighting among the thickest of the Rebels Whereupon the English being dismaied with his death the Rebels obtained a great victory against them I terme it great since the English from their first arriuall in that Kingdome neuer had receiued so great an ouerthrow as this commonly called The defeat of Blackewater Thirteene valiant Captaines and 1500. common Souldiers whereof many were of the old companies which had serued in Brittany vnder Generall Norreys were slaine in the field The yeelding of the Fort of Blackwater followed this disaster when the assaulted guard saw no hope of reliefe but especially vpon messages sent to Captaine Williams from our broken forces retired to Armagh professing that all their safetie depended vpon his yeelding the Fort into the hands of Tyrone without which danger Captaine Williams professed that no want or miserie should haue induced him thereunto Shortly after Sir Richard Bingham aboue mentioned late Gouernour of Connaght and vnworthily disgraced was sent ouer to succeede Sir Henrie Bagnoll in the Marshalship of that Kingdome By this Victory the rebels got plenty of Armes and victuals Tyrone was among the Irish celebrated as the Deliuerer of his Country from thraldome and the combined Traytors on all sides were puffed vp with intolerable pride All Vlster was in Armes all Connaght reuolted and the Rebels of Lemster swarmed in the English Pale while the English lay in their Garrisons so farre from assailing the Rebels as they rather liued in continuall feare to be surprised by them After the last yeeres nauall expedition out of England into the Ilands certaine old Companies of one thousand and fiftie foote drawne out of the Low Countries were appointed to Winter in the West parts of England To these nine hundred and fiftie new men were added this Summer and the command of these two thousand Foote and of one hundred Horse was giuen to Sir Samuel Bagnol who was appointed to goe with them to Loughfoyle in the North of Ireland but after the defeate of Blackwater they were countermaunded to goe into Lemster to strengthen the Queenes Forces in the heart of the Kingdome The old Companies Sir Samuel Bagnol Colonell 150 1050 Foot Captaine Iohn Iephson 100 Captaine Iosias Bodley 100 Captaine Iohn Sidney 100 Captaine Foulke Conway 100 Captaine Nicholas Pynner 100 Captaine Edward Blaney 100 Captaine Tobey Calfeild 100 Captaine Austin Heath 100 Captaine Owen Tewder 100 To these were added new men partly vnder old Captains as Captaine Francis Roe Captaine Charles Egerton Captaine Ralph Bingley and partlyvnder new Captaines 950 Foot Besides Sir Samuel Bagnol the Colonell had the command of a Troope of Horse new raised 100 Horse After the defeate of Blackwater Tyrone sent Ony Mac Rory O More and one Captaine Tyrel of English race but a bold and vnnaturall enemy to his Countrie and the English to trouble the Prouince of Mounster Against whom Sir Thomas Norreys Lord President opposed himselfe but assoone as he vpon necessarie occasions had with-drawne his forces to Corke many of the Mounster men now first about October 1598 brake into rebellion and ioyned themselues with Tyrones said forces spoyled the Country burnt the Villages and puld downe the houses and Castles of the English against whom especially the femall sex they committed all abominable outrages And now they raised Iames Fitzthomas a Geraldine to be Earle of Desmond which title had since the warres of Desmond bin suppressed with condition that forsooth he should be vassall to Oneale The Mounster Rebellion brake out like a lightning for in one moneths space almost all the Irish were in rebellious Armes and the English were murthered or stripped and banished Thus hauing inflamed Mounster with the fire of Rebellion and leauing this sedition to be cherished and increased by this new Earle of Desmond and other Rebels of that Prouince the Vlster forces returned backe to Tyrone The infection which Mounster men had drawne from the corrupted parts in Rebellion did more and more spread it selfe so as the old practises long held by the Arch-Traytor Tyrone to induce them to a reuolt now fully attained their wished effect To the working whereof in the hearts of the seditious there wanted not many strong motiues as the hatred which the Geraldines bare to those English Vndertakers of whom I formerly spake in
the dangers and disaduantages which your seruants and Ministers here shall and doe meete withall in this great worke of reducing this Kingdome So I will now as well as I can represent to your Maiestie your strengths and aduantages First these Rebels are neither able to force any walled Towne Castle or House of strength nor to keepe any that they get so that while your Maiesty keeps your Army in strength and vigor you are vndoubtedly Mistresse of all townes and holds whatsoeuer By which meanes if your Maiesty haue good Ministers all the wealth of the Land shall be drawne into the hands of your subiects your soldiers in the winter shall be casefully lodged readily supplied of any wants and we that command your Maiesties forces may make the warre offen siue and defensiue may fight and be in safety as occasion is offered Secondly your Maiesties Horsemen are so incomparably better then the rebels and their foot are so vnwilling to fight in battell or grosse howsoeuer they be desirous to skirmish and fight loose that your Maiesty may be alwaies Mistresse of the champion Countries which are the best parts of this Kingdome Thirdly your Maiesty victualling your Army out of England and with your Garrisons burning and spoyling the Countrey in all places shall starue the Rebell in one yeere because no place els can supply them Fourthly since no warre can be made without Munition and munition this Rebell cannot haue but from Spayne Scotland or your owne Townes here if your Maiesty will still continue your Ships and Pinaces vpon the Coast and be pleased to send a Printed Proclamation that vpon paine of death no Merchant Townes-man or other Subiect doe trafficke with the Rebell or buy or sell in any sort any kinde of Munition or Armes I doubt not but in short time I shall make them bankerout of their old store and I hope our Seamen will keepe them from receiuing any new Fifthly your Maiesty hath a rich store of gallant Colonels Captaines and Gentlemen of quality whose example and execution is of more vse then all the rest of your troopes whereas the men of best qualitie among the rebels which are their Leaders and their horsemen dare neuer put themselues to any hazard but send their Kerne and their hirelings to fight with your Maiesties Troopes so that although their common souldiers are too hard for our new men yet are they not able to stand before such gallant men as will charge them Sixthly your Maiesties Commanders being aduiled and exercised know al aduantages and by the strength of their order will in all great fights beate the rebels For they neither march nor lodge nor fight in order but only by the benefit of their footmanship can come on and goe off at their pleasure which makes them attend a whole day still skirmishing and neuer ingaging themselues So that it hath been euer the fault and weakenesse of your Maiestis Leaders whensoeuer you haue receiued any blow For the rebels doe but watch and attend vpon all grosle ouersights Now if it please your Maiestie to compare your aduantages and disaduantages together you shall finde that though these Rebels are more in number then your Maiesties Army and haue though I doe vnwillingly confesse it better bodies and perfecter vse of their Armes then those men which your Maiestie sends ouer yet your Maiestie commanding the walled Townes Holdes and Champion Countries and hauing a braue Nobilitie and Gentry a better Discipline and stronger order then they and such means to keep from them the maintenance of their life and to waste the Countrie which should nourish them your Maiestie may promise your selfe that this action will in the end be successefull though costly and that your Victorie will be certaine though many of vs your honest seruants must sacrifice our selues in the quarrell and that this Kingdome will be reduced though it will aske besides cost a great deale of care industry and time But why doe I talke of victorie or of successe is it not knowne that from England I receiue nothing but discomforts and soules wounds Is it not spoken in the Army that your Maiesties fauor is diuerted from me and that alreadie you do boadil both to me and it Is it not beleeued by the Rebels that those whom you fauour most doe more hate me out of faction then them out of dutie or conscience Is it not lamented of your Maiesties faithfullest subiects both there and here that a Cobham or a Kaleigh I will forbeare others for their places sake should haue such credit and fauour with your Maiestie when they wish the ill successe of your Maiesties most important action the decay of your greatest strength and the destruction of your faithfullest seruants Yes yes I see both my owne destiny and your Maiesties decree and doe willingly imbrace the one and obey the other Let me honestly and zealously end a wearisome life let others liue in deceitfull and vnconstant pleasure let me beare the brunt and die meritoriously let others achiue and finish the worke and liue to erect Trophies But my prayer shall be that when my Soneraigne looseth mee her Army may not loose courage or this Kingdome want phisicke or her dearest Selfe misse Essex and then I can neuer goe in a better time nor in a fairer way Till then I protest before God and his Angels that I am a true Votarie that is sequestred from all things but my duty and my charge I performe the vttermost of my bodies mindes and fortunes abilitte and more should but that a constant care and labor agrees not with an inconstant health in an vnwholsome and vncertaine clymate This is the hand of him that did liue your dearest and will die Your Maiesties faithfullest seruant Essex Towards the end of Iuly his Lordp brought back his forces into Lemster the souldiers being wearie sicke and vncredibly diminished in number and himselfe returned to Dublin All that his Lordp had done in this iourney besides the scattering of the Rebels weake troopes was the taking of Cahir Castle and receiuing the L. of Cahir the L. Roche and some others into her Maiesties Protection who after his departure did either openly fall againe to the rebels party or secretly combine with them While his Lordp was in this iourny some 600 men left in the Glinnes by the vnskilfulnesse of some young Captaines and souldiers and the ill affection of some Irish Officers receiued a disgracefull blow from the Obirns whereupon his Lordp now seuerely punished their fault disarming the souldiers and executing the tenth man calling the Captaines to a Martiall Court and discharging them and condemning to bee shot to death an Irish Lieutenant who had parlied with the Rebels and was thought to haue animated them Then his Lordp vnderstanding that the Queene was much offended with this Mounster iourny he cast in his letters the fault on the Counsell of Ireland whose aduise by reason of their long experience in
was imagined in England affirming of certainty that in the last cessation he had thrice at least spoken very long with Tyrone and at his last being in Mounster had once heard from him And in generall that the subiects were no better seruants to her Maiesty then the rebels with whom they daily practised and would giue no assistance with bodies or goods to her Maiesties seruice yea would no doubt quit their allegiance whensoeuer they might doe it with safety That euery rogue asked a Company and if he had one then sought a Regiment but that God blessing her Maiesties Army he hoped shortly to giue law to their irregular humours The Prouince of Mounster as I formerly said was much confirmed in rebellion by the Earle of Tyrone his last iourney into those parts where he strengthened Iames Fitz-thomas who by the Northerne rebels sent thither from Tyrone was exalted to be Earle of Desmond in the yeere 1598. and was by a nicke-name called the Suggon Earle he combined with Florence mac Carty called by the Irish Mac Carty more a name greatly followed there and in like sort with most of the great men of those parts incouraging those whom he found willing to persist taking pledges of those he sususpected to be wauering and burning and spoyling those few who did absolutely refuse to ioyne with him as the Lord Barry with some others And at this time another accident seeming of great consequence did much erect the hearts of the Rebels and dismay the subiects of those parts which I will briefely set downe Sir George Carey hauing newly receiued letters Pattents to bee Lord President of Mounster and resoluing presently to repaire to his charge departed from Dublin on his iourny thitherward the seuenth of Aprill and vpon the ninth came to Kilkenny with the Earle of Thomond in his company and one hundred horse to attend him where the Earle of Ormond told them he had appointed to parley with some Rebels of those parts wherof Owny Mac Rory was the chiefe and desired them to accompany him The tenth of Aprill they rode out of Kilkenny with some twentie Horse of the Earle of Ormonds followers and some few others mounted vpon hacknies his Lordship refusing to haue the Lord Presidents Horse to guard him So they rode eight long miles to the place of meeting and the Earle of Ormond left his Company of two hundred Foot two mile short of that place The Rebell Owny came out of the Woods with fiue hundred men well Armed and leauing his shot and the grosse of his troope some Calieuers shot distant from the Earle came vp to him with some choise pikes After an hower spent nothing concluded the Lord President moued the Earle to returne but he would first speake with the Iesuit Archer and the Rebels calling him his Lordship reproued Archer and called him traytor In the meane time the grosse of the Rebels had crept ouer the shrubs and compassed round the Earle and his companie which the Lord President disliking prayed the Earle to returne but as he turned about his hackney the Rebels tooke him prisoner and Owny Mac Rory laid hands on the Lord President but the Earle of Thomond rushing vpon him with his horse made him leaue his hold and they both escaped by the swiftnesse and strength of their horses from the pushes of many pikes wherewith the Earle of Thomond was slightly hurt in the backe This treacherie was said to be plotted by Owny and Archer and very few others for if more had knowne it many thought that the Earle had such spies and was so feared among the Rebels as his Lordship would haue had notice thereof either for feare or loue But there wanted not others who thought the Earle was willingly surprised Howsoeuer it were the Rebels did him no hurt in his person onely one of the Earles men was slaine fiue were hurt and fourteene taken prisoners The Lord President with the one hundred horse attending him and sixe hundred foote which he sent for out of Mounster kept the vnsetled humours of those parts from present tumult where the Earles true followers wanting their head and the ill affected now standing in no awe of his power were all at liberty The Countesse of Ormond was much afflicted with her husbands misfortune and with feare of her own and her daughters estate For diuers pretended to be heires to the Earle as Sir Edward Butler his brother and in respect his bloud was attainted Sir Walter Butler the Earles Nephew and for other reasons the Vicount Mount-Garret And each of these was likely to seeke to haue the Earles sole daughter in their hands besides that these controuersies bred distracted humours among the Gentlemen and others of those parts The Lord Deputie hearing hereof presently dispatched Sir George Bourcher to command in chiefe and Sir Christop Saint Laurence to assist him in guarding the Countesse her daughter and the Earles houses with the forces appointed by the Lord Deputie for that seruice namely The Earles Company of foote 200. The foote Company of Sir Christopher Saint Laurence 200. The Earles troope of horse 50. Horse of Saint Laurence 25. Sir George Bourchers horse 10. Yet the Lord Deputie conceiued the Earles surprise to bee an euill more spetious then materiall seeing no reason why the Counsels of the warre should stagger vpon his wel or ill doing For whereas some were of opinion that he was willingly taken and would declare himselfe for Tyrone his Lordship resolued that if he continued faithfull his Countries might easily be defended if otherwise as easily wasted since after the Garrisons should be once planted at Loughfoyle and those parts on the backe of Tyrone hee should bee able to spare forces for any such seruice And whereas many thought the newes would much amaze the Court of England his Lordship on the contrary since neither the Lord President nor himselfe deserued any imputation for this euent the parley being contriued without the Lord Presidents priuity and both contriued and executed without making himselfe acquainted therewith conceiued it would make the Army both better and more carefully seconded out of England And whereas it was thought that this accident would erect the rogues spirits which before began to bee deiected and so hinder the submission of many his Lordship knowing that they would neuer be faithfull to the State till they could not subsist against it was of opinion that till they were brought into greater extremities it would proue better that they should stand out then come in His Lordship the fifteenth of Aprill aduertised Master Secretarie of this accident and how he had sent forces to strengthen those parts and had taken speciall care for the safetie of the Earles daughter and heire and being loth suddenly to giue his opinion herein onely professed to thinke it strange that one so full of regard to himselfe in all his proceedings should be so easily ouertaken Then his Lordship gaue confidence that if
hands of Sir George Cary Treasurer at warres a Ploclamation signed by the Queene to be published for making the new standard of mixed monies to be onely currant in this Kingdome all other coyns being to be brought in to the Treasurer And likewise a letter from the Queene requiring the Lord Deputy and Counsell to further the due execution of the contents of this Proclamation and by some plausible graces done in generall to the subiect in the establishing an exchange of this coyne into sterling money of England taking away the impositions on sea coles transported into Ireland and in particular to the Captaines of the Army in allowing their dead paies in mony after the rate of eight pence per dicm and some like fauours inuiting all to swallow this bitter pill which impouerished not only the Rebels but her Maiesties best seruants in this Kingdome onely inriching her Paymasters sitting quietly at home while others aduentured daily their bloods in the seruice The twentieth of May the Lord Deputy and Counsell aduertised the Lords in England that they had giuen order to print 300. of the Proclamations for the new coyne to be published through all parts of Ireland at one time That they had in Counsell agreed vpon a generall hoasting for this yeere to beginne the last of Iune following And in the meane time while that was preparing that the Lord Deputy would draw the forces to Dundalke vpon the Northerne borders there to watch opportunities of seruice and specially by his presence to animate the new submitties to attempt some thing against the Arch-traytor Tyrone and to put them in blood against him and his confederates And that his Lordship towards the time of the said hoasting purposed to returne to Dublyn and to the end he might find there all things in readines for his intended prosecution of Tyrone in his owne Countrey they besought their Lordships that victuals and munition might with all possible speed be sent thither out of England The foresaid generall hoasting is a rising out of certaine foot and horse found by the subiect of the fiue English shires and the Irish Submitties to assist the Queenes forces and these together with some of the English Companies his Lordship vsed to lay in the Pale for the defence thereof at such time as the forces were to be drawne into Vlster The rising out of the fiue English Shires and the Irish Submitties Vizt Of the County of Dublyn Besides sixteene Kearne  Horse Archers Horse  Horse Archers Horse In the Barrony of Balrothery   In that of Newcastle nil 18  nil 26 In that of Castleknocke nil 11 In that of Cowlocke nil 30 In that of Rathdowne 12 10 2. Of the County of Meath Besides one hundred Kerne of the Pooles In the Barony of Dulicke nil 32 In that of Dunboyne nil 3 In the Barony of Skrine 24 30 In that of Decy nil 17 In that of Ratothe nil 13 In that of Moyfewragh nil 4  horse Archers Horse  horse Archers Horse In that of Lane nil 8 In that of Slane 6 11 In that of Nauan nil 48 In that of Fowere 28 nil In that of Kenllas alias Kells 16 6 In that of Margallen 7 〈◊〉 Thirdly Of the County of Westmeath 60. 2 Fourthly Of the County of Kildare In the Barrony of Sualt 8 14 In that of Kilkey 1 12 In that of the vpper Naasse nil 13 In that of Ophaly 1 2 In that of the nether Naasse nil 5 In that of Counall nil 3 In that of Kelkullen 8 2 In that of Clane nil 2 In that of Narragh nil 2 In that of Okethy nil 5 In that of Rebau Athy nil 3 In that of Carbery nil 4 Fifthly Of the County of Lowth In the Barony of Ferrard. 4 26 In the Townes of Lowth and of Dundalke 16 6 In that of Atherdy 16 13    Summa 207 374. Totall both 581. The rising out of the Irish Lords and their Captaines The Obyrnes ouer whom after the death of Sir Henry Harrington his son Sir William Harrington is Captaine by the late Queenes Letters Pattents granted to his father and him Horsemen 12. Kerne 24. The Cauanaghs hauing then no Captaine ouer them Horse 12. Kerne 30. Other particular septs besides those which were in rebellion Horse 104. Kerne 307. Totall Horse 128. Kerne 361. The proiect of disposing the Queenes forces for the following Summers seruice Out of Mounster we thought fit to be spared and to be drawne into Connaght 1000 foot and 50 hose since there should still remaine in Mounster 1600 foot and 200 horse for any occasion of seruice Foot 1000. Horse 50. In Connaght were already besides Tybot ne longes Company Foot 1150 Horse 74. These to be placed as followeth To keepe at Galloway and Athlone in Connaght foot 350. To leaue at the Abbey of Boyle in Connaght vnder the command of the late Lord of Dunkellen now Earle of Clanrickard Foot 1000 Horse 62. These to further the plantation of Balishannon To leaue at the Annaly in Lemster side of the Shannon vnder the command of Sir Iohn Barkeley Foot 800. Horse 12. These fit to ioine with the vndermentioned forces of Westmeath Kels and the rest vpon the Northerne borders to stop the Vlster Rebels from comming into Lemster or if they should passe them then to ioine with the forces of Ophaly and the rest southward Tybot ne long the payment of whose Company had long beene stopped was to be kept in good tearmes Oconnor Sligo to be threatned that if he did not submit and declare himselfe against Odonnell before the planting of Ballishannon he should haue no hope of mercy The forces at the Abby of Boyle were to infest Oconnor Sligo and to keepe Ororke from ioining with Odonnell Those at the Annaly to infest Ororke besides the aboue mentioned lying betweene any forces that might come out of the North into Lemster and to follow them if they should escape it being likely that about haruest time Tyrrell and the Oconnors will gather strength if they possibly can to returne and gather the Corne they sowed last yeere in Leax and Ophaly And thus are disposed the aboue said Foot 2150. Horse 124. The Forces towards the South of 〈◊〉 to lie thus In Ophaly The Earle of Kildare 〈◊〉 George Bourcher 100. Sir Edward 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Capt. Garrall 100. Sir Henry 〈◊〉 100. Foot In all 550. Earle of Kildare 25. Sir Edward Harbert 12. Horse In all 37. In Leax Sir Henry Power 150. Sir Francis Rushe 150 Sir Thomas Lostus 100. Foot In all 400. Master Marshall 20. Captaine Pigot 12 Horse In all 32. At Kilkenny Earle of Ormond 150 Foot Earle of Ormond 50 Horse The Forces towards the North of Lemster to lie thus In Westmeath Lord of 〈◊〉 150. Sir Francis Shane 100 Foot In Kelles Captaine Roper 150 Foot Earle of Kildare 25. Sir Henry Harrington 25 Horse At Liseannon in the Brenny
Pale or especially to Loughfoyle where we cannot without great difficulty affront them hauing no magazins of victuals or munition at Athlone or Galloway and where it is vnpossible for vs to prouide our selues or if we could most difficult to carrie them by land when we are so farre in the Countrie and haue no meanes for carriage Therefore we most humbly desire your Lordships to send good store of victuals and munition to Galloway and to Lymbrick which howsoeuer our expectation fall out will be most necessarie for the prosecution of Connaght and that prosecution as necessarie this Winter since O Donnel hath forsaken his owne Countrie and betaken himselfe to liue in that Prouince But because we doe foresee it to be no ill Counsel for the Spaniards to land at Sligo and think that Tyrone will presently vrge them to cut off our Garrison at Loughfoyle whether from thence they haue a faire way and secure from our opposition and may imagine that it will be no great difficulty for them with such royall prouisions as they wil bring to force those slender fortifications We beseech your Lordships to send a large prouision of victuals and munition to Carlingford and Knockfergus for we cannot by any other way then that relieue Loughfoyle if it be distressed Neither can her Maiestie hazard any losse in these great prouisions though we neuer vse them for all kinde of victuals may be issued in this Kingdome with great gaine and especially Corne which we chiefely desire and for munition it may be kept with prouidence as a store for all occasions Thus howsoeuer it fall out we shall be inabled to make such a prosecution this Winter in Connaght and the North as in all reason will ende these warres it the Spaniards come not and will leaue this Prouince of Vlster in farre greater subiection then euer any of her Maiesties Progenitors had it And since wee apprehend that Spaine may make in this Countrie a dangerous warre for England we conceiue that if not now yet with his first abilitie he will imbrace it which makes vs to haue the greater desire if it bee possible to preuent his footing here for euer and that by Gods help we hope to do before this next Sūmer if we may be inabled this winter to ruine Tyrone and O Donnel We haue great neede of one hundred Northerne horses for our horses here grow weak and ill and if your Lordships please to afford vs that number we will so handle the matter as it shall bee no increase of the Lyst If the Spaniards come we must haue at the least three hundred and if they be Northerne horses and Northerne Riders we assure our selues they will be much fitter for this seruice then such as are vsually sent hither who come with purpose to get licence to returne and yet are a greater charge to her Maiesty But for the one thousand foote wee desired by our former letters we find their comming to be of that necessitie as wee must bee most humble and earnest sutors to your Lordships to send them presently for our Companies are so exceeding weake and now decay so fast by the extremitie of the weather as a much greater number will not supplie vs but that the checkes will bee as great as now they are and they little be seene amongst vs which giues vs cause to wish now and humbly to moue your Lordships to be pleased to send one thousand foote more soone after The reports here are so vncertaine as vntill we meete the rest of the Counsell at Trym we know not how the Pale stands affected vpon this assured confidence of the Spaniards comming onely this we perceiue many of them are wauering yet the Lords hereabouts namely Mac Gennis Tirlogh Mac Henrie Euer Mac Cooley and O Hanlon keepe with vs notwithstanding that Tyrone hath sent them word that hereafter it will bee too late for them to make their peace with him if they doe it not now vpon this occasion and they assute vs as much as men can doe that they will not fall againe from their obedience though thereby their state bee no better then horseboyes But of this wee can giue your Lordships no assurance neither in them haue wee any extraordinarie confidence It may further please your Lordships to be aduertised that the Lord of Dunsany hauing the command of a Fort in the Brenny called Liscanon where wee had placed certaine Irish Companies as fittest to spoile and wast the Countrie thereabouts did lately draw most of them into Mac Mahowns Countrie for the taking of a prey which they lighted on as is said to the number of some sixteene hundred Cowes but in their returne being hardly laied vnto as some of them say with very great numbers yet as we haue heard by some that were present not aboue senenscore they did not only lose their prey but according to the manner of the Irish who haue no other kind of retreat fell to a flat running away to the Fort so as poore Captaine Esmond who had the command of the Reare and very valiantly with a few made good the place was sore hurt and afterwards taken prisoner and forty or fiftie of our side slaine We cannot learne that any English were among them so as we account our losse to be no more then the taking of the Captaine neither doe the Rebels bragge thereof both because they scaped not free loosing very neere as many men as wee did and for that they knew they dealt but with their Countrimen who as they doe hold it no shame to runne when they like not to fight though wee meane to call some of ours to account thereof And so we most humbly take leaue The eight and twentieth of August his Lordship receiued two letters from the Lord President of Mounster the first imported that hearing that his Lordship had sent into Connaght for part of the Companies of the Mounster Lyst to come into the North he prayed to bee excused that hee had giuen contrary directions vpon feare of the Spaniards landing the knowledge of Tirrels purpose to come with the banished Mounster men and aides of Northerne men out of Connaght presently to disturbe the Prouince of Mounster and signified that now to manifest his precise obedience to his Lordships commands hee had sent them directions to march towards his Lordship vpon sight of his letter yet praying his Lordship to send some part of them into Munster without which helpe he could neither keepe the field against Tirrel and the Prouinciall fugitiues at their first entrie nor vpon the Spaniards arriuall giue any impediment to their disposing of such Townes as were recommended to his speciall care and assuring his Lordship that the Spaniards had been seene at Sea and that in his iudgement and by vulgar report it was likely they would make discent in some part of Mounster Lastly aduertising that he had sent Iames the Suggon pretended Earle of Desmond and Florence Mac
in Britaine that one thousand of them scattered by tempest were since arriued at Baltemore That they were directed to Kinsale with promise of great succours by the pretended Earle of Desmona lately taken and sent into England and by Florence mac Carty whom the Lord President vpon suspition had lately taken and in like sort sent prsoner into England That the Spaniards gaue out that assoone as they could haue horses from Tyrone and other Irish rebels in which hope they had brought foure hundred or as after was credibly aduertised 1600 saddles they would keepe the field and therefore would not fortifie at Kinsale and that vpon the reuolt of this Countrey the King of Spaine meant from these parts to inuade England Whereupon the same eight and twenty day the Lord Deputy resolued in Counsell that letters should bee written into England that it was giuen out the Spaniards in Mounster were sixe thousand and that of certaine they were fiue thousand commanded by Don Iean del ' Aguila whereof three thousand were arriued in Kinsale and the Vice-Admirall Siriago for Don Diego de Brastino was Admirall of the Fleet with foure other ships scattered by tempest were arriued at Baltemore That no Irish of account had repaired to them excepting some dependants of Florence mac Carty of whose imprisonment the Spaniards had not heard before their landing who was the perswader of their comming to that Port. That to keepe Rebels from ioining with them it behoued vs presently to keepe the field That it was requisite to send some of the Queenes ships who might preuent their supplies and giue safety to our supplies both out of England and from Coast to Coast and might bring vs to Carke Artillery for battery with munition and victuals Likewise to write presently for three hundred Northerne horse and for the two thousand foot at Chester and two thousand more To write for sixe peeces of battery the biggest to be Demy Cannon for the field with carriages and bullets To certifie the Lords that Artillery could not be brought from Dablyn because the Irish ships had not masts and tackle strong enough to take them in and out besides that Easterly and Northerly winds onely seruing to bring them were rate at this season of the yeere and that the greatest Peeces in Mounster lay vnmounted on the ground And lastly to write for powder for fiue thousand shot and for sixe Peeces of Battery which must be some sixty last and for fifty tunne of lead with like quantity of match and fiue thousand Pyoners tooles The same day his Lordship was by letters aduertised that a Friet in a Souldiers habit was dispatched from Kinsale the foure twenty of September and passed through Clommell naming himselfe Iames Flemming and from thence went to Waterford where hee aboad few dayes and named himselfe Richard Galloway That he had Buls from the Pope with large indulgences to those who should aide the Spaniards sent by the Catholike King to giue the Irish liberty from the English tyranny and the exercise of the true olde Apostolike Roman Religion and had authority to excommunicate those that should by letters by plots or in person ioyne with her Maiesty whom the Pope had excommunicated and thereby absolued all her Subiects from their oath of alleagiance That euery generall Vicar in each Diocesse had charge to keep this secret till the Lord Deputy was passed to Corke when he assured them his Lordship should either in a generall defection not be able to vnderstand these proceedings or hearing thereof should be so imploied as he should haue no leisure to preuent them That he gaue out the Spaniards at Kinsale were 10000 besides 2000 dispersed by tempest which were landed at Baltimore hauing treasure munition and victuals for two yeers And that Tyrone would presently come vp to assist them at Kinsale and to furnish them with horses which they onely expected from him and had brought saddles and furniture for them Lastly aduice therein was giuen to his Lordship to write to the corporate Townes and chiefe Lords not to beleeue these fabulous reports but to take aduice not giuen out for feare of their defection but onely for their good to continue loyall subiects The nine and twentieth his Lordship with the Lord President and the aboue named Counsellors tooke some horse for guard and rode to view the Towne and harbour of Kinsaile and the Spaniards Fleete that vpon that view they might resolue of the fittest place for our Campe to sit downe by them They found the Spaniards possessed of the Towne and the greatest part of their shipping to haue put to Sea for Spaine for of thirty foure ships arriuing there only twelue now remained in the Harbour some of the other being lately put out and then seene vnder sayle so as they saw there was no more to be done till our forces should be arriued out of the North and Lemster and we inabled from England to keepe our selues from breaking after we should take the field The first of October his Lordship and the Counsell here wrote to the Lords in England according to the proiect resolued on the eight and twentieth of September Further beseeching their Lordships to pardon their earnest writing for munition and victuals though great proportions of them were already sent and that in respect the magazines formerly appointed for the best when the place of the Spaniards discent was vnknowne were so farre diuided as we could not without great difficulties make vse of them in these parts and at this time when for the present the Spaniard was Master of the Sea and the Queenes forces being drawne towards Kinsaile the rebels might easily intercept them by land but especially for that great vse might be made of those prouisions in the very places where now they were if Tirone come into Mounster with his forces as no doubt he would namely the magazin at Lymricke would serue excellently for the prosecution formerly intended and after to be made in Connaght though by sea or land they could not be brought to Corke without great difficulties and dangers Adding that for the present the Lord Deputie was forced to draw most of the forces of the North into Mounster leauing onely the Fortes guarded and so the Pale was not able to defend it selfe against Tyrone whereas he hoped to haue been enabled both to continue the prosecution in the North and also to besiege the Spaniards at one and the same time whereof yet hee did not altogether despaire so as their Lordships would speedily furnish such things as were earnestly desired by them for the good of the seruice being confidently of opinion that the only way to make a speedy end of the rebellion and as quicke a dispatch of the Spaniards out of Ireland was to make the warre roundly both in the North and in Mounster at one time Also aduertising that the Spaniards as they for certaine heard brought with them not onely sixteene hundred Saddles
with victuals munition and other necessaries from Dublyn without which we saw it would be to little purpose to take the field But when we had staied there till the sixteenh were not prouided of munition none being come to vs from Dublyn or from Lymricke whether we had likewise sent to haue some brought to vs and wanting both victuals and most of the prouisions belonging necessarily to so great a siege yet to inuest the Town where the Spaniards are lodged from receiuing succours both of victuals and of such as were disposed to ioine with them and withall to auoid the opinion which the Countrey beganne to conceiue of our weakenes because wee did not draw into the field we resolued the sixteenth day to rise and the next day did sit downe within lesse then halfe a mile of the Towne keeping continuall guardes round about the enemy We can assure your Lordships that we doe not thinke our selues much stronger if any thing at all in numbers then they are whose army at their setting to sea did beare the reputation of sixe thousand and we haue cause to iudge them because since our last letters to your Lordships there arriued another ship at Kinsale which brought fiue hundred men more vnto them now to be aboue foure thousand by the Pole In both these points of number in reputation or by Pole they differ not much from ours for it may please your Lordships to consider that the whole force we can draw into this Prouince leauing the Pale Connaght and the North prouided for as it may appeare by this inclosed note they are in some measure doth not exceede in lyst 7000 and of those we are enforced to leaue some part vpon the borders towards Lymricke to be some stay to the whole Countrey and it must in reason be thought that our Companies generally are weake in numbers seeing they haue had no supplies of a long time and that we desire two thousand to reinforce them besides that many are taken out of them for necessary wards some are sicke and many of the Northerne Companies lie yet hurt since the late great skirmishes against Tyrone which they performed with good successe but a little before they were sent for to come hither Wee doe assuredly expect that many will ioine with Tyrone if hee onely come vp towards these parts and almost all the Swordmen of this Kingdome if we should not keepe the field and the countenance of being Masters thereof how ill prouided soeuer wee doe find our selues Wherefore wee most humbly and earnestly desire your Lordships to hasten away at the least the full number of such supplies of horse and foote as we doe write for in our last and that it will please your Lordships to beleeue from vs that if the Countrie should ioyne with Tyrone and make a defection our chiefe securitie will be in the horse we must receiue out of England for the most of these here already are much weakned and harazed out with their continuall employment in euery seruice It may also please your Lordships to consider that in a siege where foure thousand such men as these Spaniards are possessed of any place whatsoeuer there will bee necessarily required royall prouisions and great numbers to force them neither can it bee thought but the sword and season of the yeere will continually waste our Army so as we are enforced earnestly to desire your Lordships while this action is in hand to send vs continuall supplies without which this Army will not be able to subsist And although grieued with her Maiesties huge expence we are loth to propound for so many men as are conceiued to be needefull and profitable for the present prosecution of this dangerous warre yet wee are of opinion that the more men her Maiesty can presently spare to be imployed in this Countrie the more safe and sudden end it will make of her charge And not without cause we are moued to solicite your Lordships to consider thereof since wee now perceiue that we haue an Army of old and disciplined souldiers before vs of foure thousand Spaniards that assuredly expect a far greater supply and much about twenty thousand fighting men of a furious and warlike nation of the Irish which wee may iustly suspect will all declare themselues against vs if by our supplies and strength out of England they doe not see vs likely to prēuaile These Prouincials a few of Carbry only excepted appertaining to Florence Mac Carty do yet stand firme but no better then neutralitie is to be expected from those which are best affected nor is it possible to discouer their affections vntill Tyrone with the Irish Forces doe enter into the Prouince who as the Councell at Dublin write is prouiding to come hither The supplies from Spaine are presently expected If they should arriue before our Army be strengthened out of England or before this Towne of Kinsale be taken it must be thought a generall defection through out the Kingdome wherein wee may not except the Townes will ensue and then the warre will be drawne to a great length and the euent doubtfull If the Queenes ships doe not in time come to Kinsale our taske will bee very heauie with this small Army to force so strong an enemie so well prouided of all necessaries for the warre Wherefore wee humbly beseech the sending of them away which will not onely giue vs a speedie course to winne the Towne but also assure the coasts for our supplies and giue an exceeding stay to the Countrie the enemie fearing nothing more and the subiect desiring nothing so much as the arriuall of her Maiesties Fleete The sixtie lasts of Powder and sixe pieces of battery with their necessaries the victuals and all things else written for in our former letters wee humbly desire may presently bee dispatched hither and although so great a masse of victuals as is needefull cannot bee sent at an instant wee desire it may bee sent as it can bee prouided and directed for the hauen of Corke What wee shall bee able to doe till our supplies come wee cannot say but what we shall haue reason to feare except they come in time your Lordships may iudge Onely wee assure your Lordships that her Maiestie with the helpe of God shall finde wee will omit nothing that is possible to bee done nor shunne any thing that may bee suffered to doe her the seruice wee owe vnto her If in the meane time by all our letters both to the Councell at Dublin and all others in this Countrie to whom we haue occasion to write we giue out these Spaniards to bee in number not three thousand in their meanes scant and miserable in their persons weake and sickely and in their hopes dismayed and amazed we hope your Lordships will conceiue we do that but for the countenancing of our party and to keepe as many as we can from falling from vs. On the other side Don Iean de l'Aguyla the Spanish
that night beaten backe On Sunday they were ready to set out againe since which time we haue not heard from thence more then that they lay aboard in the mouth of the Harbour and our men were possessed of the Towne and we haue obserued the wind since that time to be good for them so as wee are in good hope they are all gone The pledges according to agreement were come to Corke being three Captaines of long continuance so as we haue cause to thinke Don Iean hath dealt sincerely with vs and are not out of hope to be no more troubled with any Spaniards yet to be prouided for the worst that may happen so long as the Spanish Cloud hangs ouer vs wee haue deuided both the victuals and great part of the munition into sundry Harbours along the Sea Coast of this Prouince the more ready to answere all occasions as may more fully appeare by the notes wee send herewithin If by this meanes her Maiesties charge grow great as wee cannot but acknowledge it will and the seruice North ward goe on slowlier then it would otherwise if we might apply our selues wholly that way we beseech your Lordships fauourably to consider the necessities that leade vs thereunto least leauing any place vnprouided for the facilitie should inuite a comming thither and in that regard wee haue giuen out an intention to fortifie in all the seuerall places of Beer-hauen Castle-hauen Baltimore and the Creekes passages along that Coast. Whereas these Spaniards being gone as now God be thanked they are we haue no meaning so to doe in regard we haue no answere from your Lordships touching that point and thereby conceiue that her Maiesty wil not vndergo so great a charge though we continue stil of this opinion that it were the safest course to fortifie in those places and if the Spaniards should come againe without strong Forts and Cittadels vpon the chiefe townes whom our late experience shewed vs apparantly to be wauering we can neither haue safetie for retreate if any diaster should befall vs nor commoditie for victuals and munition but that altogether would be in danger the whole hazarded or loste at an instant which point we hold our selues bound in dutie to prouide for and therefore if her Maiestie do not like to make Cittadels in these Townes and Cities which we noted to be fit in our former letters we hold it of very great necessitie that the harbors of Corke Kinsale be yet wel fortified which we haue already begun to do at Kinsale haue viewed the mouth of the Harbour of Corke where by raising one good Fort at the entry and another vpon an Iland in that Riuer the Harbour will very aptly be secured and all victuals and munition for our vse most commodiously defended against all enemies which we hold a matter of very great importance And if these workes shall be erected ten Culuerings and ten demy-culuerings of Iron mounted vpon vnshod wheeles for platformes to bee placed in the Forts to bee made in those two Harbours must forth with be sent with bullets for them either to Corke or to Kinsale Our whole store of victuals being diuided into sundry parts of this Prouince as by this note appeareth we are in doubt wee shall want when wee enter into a prosecution Northward vnlesse your Lordships be pleased to continue that course for our supplies that we confesse you haue most prouidently hitherto afforded vs for where some conceine and as it seemeth haue informed that we may be furnished here with victuals it is to vs most strange and past all beleefe and to make it more apparant vnto your Lordships it may please you to consider that it is impossible to make an end of this warre without wasting and spoiling of the Countrie This as we must doe still wee haue of long time very earnestly laboured and effected in as great a measure as we can possibly deuise and then how can it in reason be thought that wee can starue the Rebell and yet preserue victuals in the country for the souldier so as we must conclude that if we faile once of our victualing out of England vpon hope to haue it found in this Realme by any mans vnderstanding the Army will either be starued or driuen to breake vpon a sudden when it will not be in our power to helpe it and this wee beseech your Lordships to beleeue if we haue made any vse of our experience here Yet if there be any possibilitie thereof when wee haue conferred what may bee prouided out of the Pale and quietest parts of Mounster wee will further certifie your Lordships And besides we doe apparantly foresee now that the apparrelling of the souldier is left vnto the Captaine which yet best contents all parties that if the exchanging of the new coyne be not Royally kept vp the souldier will be in worse case then before For all things here are already growne so deare and scarse since the new coine went currant as clothes are both excessiuely deare here and in any quantity not to be had for money but must necessarily bee prouided in England and brought hither which cannot be if the exchange faile neuer so little for then will the souldier be vnclothed which rather then he will indure he will runne away though he be sure to be hanged and this we feare will be likewise a meane for the breaking of the Army The decaies by sicknesse and otherwise are already so great notwithstanding all that wee can doe and yet we haue not been wanting in our prouidency as wee most humbly craue to haue supplies sent from time to time till the rebellion be broken which if no forraigne forces arriue we hope will be in short time not vnder Captaines but Conductors for we find by experience that the Captaines that are sent hither with their Companies conceiuing that they shall not stand long either by negligence or corruption loose their men so that when they are turned ouer to supply others scarse ten of a hundred can be had of them where at the first comming ouer with the Conductors we can better call them to a strict account and finde the men to fill vp other Companies by disposing them to such as we know will best preserue them so as they neede not reinforce their Companies with the Irish as they will when they cannot come by English by which meanes the Companies wee confesse are full of Irish which till our supplies come cannot well be holpen And whereas I the Deputie haue euer bin as my dutie is most desirous to diminish her Maiesties Lyst and to that end not onely haue taken all occasions by the death of Captaines to extinguish their entertainement but also haue meerely discharged aboue fiue thousand since Nouember 1600. Now the Captaines and men thus discharged thinking their fortunes ouerthrowne by me had neuer consideration of the necessitie imposed vpō me to do it but onely looking vpon their owne
help of many garrisons taking half victuals and halfe money and that Beeues might be bought in euery Country with mixed money whereas the victuals in England were prouided with sterling money That concerning fortifications he knew her Maiesties pleasure praying him to commit that worke to such discreete and honest persons as her Maiestie might neither bee put to vnnecessarie charges nor deceiued in the disbursements That more then fortie thousand pounds had beene paied to Merchants in London for billes of exchange granted by the Treasurer to Irish Merchants for satisfying their debts due in London before the alteration of the standard which absurd course hee could neuer haue held if hee had giuen no Merchant any bill of exchange for any more money then hee could bring good proofe to haue disbursed or to owe for Merchandize brought into the Kingdome That whereas vpon his Lordships motion and the Captaines good liking her Maiesty had beene pleased to commit the apparelling of the souldier to them against which resolution now many reasons were produced their Lordships found further impediment in that three hundred pound imprest to each Captaine before hand was required and their sufficiency for the greater part to answere such a summe was so doubted as it was thought her Maiesties mony should runne a hazard whereas formerly the Contractors gaue her Maiesty time and besides put in good suretics to answere all desects Besides that it was feared the Captaines would either let the Souldier goe naked or fill their Companies with Irish who would require no apparell requiring to know his Lordships iudgement whether the old course were fitter to be cōtinued then this Lastly that they conceiued the King of Spaine had not fully abandoned his purposes for Ireland yet were aduertised that her Maiesties Fleetlying vpon that Coast made him for the present rather apply his Counsell to stand vpon defence esteeming it dangerous to put to Sea while her Maiesties ships were so ready to attend him so as they hoped his Lordship should not be interrupted by any forraigne power although no certainety could be giuen of such actions of Princes who hauing many designes and for them many preparations may change minds at their pleasures In the same Campe and the same eighth of Iuly the Lord Deputy receiued the following letter from Master Secretary Cecyll betweene whom a firme combination of loue or at least so firme as to such great persons is incident had long beene practised and now within few moneths had beene finally confirmed MY Lord if I were now to beginne the frame of our friendship I should be curious to fasten it with all the ten nailes that belong to Architecture because in the beginning men are curious to obserue Minutissima but I that know how straight the knots are tied of our affections by the mutuall offices of loue and confidence doe not tie my selfe to these complements which are held of great consequence but in vulgar and light friendships Let that argument serue therefore for excuse of my long silence because I iudge you by my own affections To speak of the subiect of the general dispatch in this my priuate letter were but impertinent seeing I haue ioined in the same yet seeing I write there as a Counsellour and here as a friend that hath bound himselfe by election and not by compulsion I will tell you my opinion sincerely of those things which are most material in the same first my Lord I do assure you that it is not in the compasse of my iudgement how to maintaine that Army at that height it is at longer then the time of prosecution without extreame preiudice of this estate whereof though you are not the efficient cause or Sine qua non yet I must confesse I had rather that lot might light vpon any other then vpon you because I would be loth your returne should not succeed a diminution thereof whereby you might receiue the thanks for that effect by which this State feeleth victory more then by any other consequence whatsoeuer For this purpose I must confesse I haue endeauoured to prepare her Maiesties mind to giue you the power of compounding with Rebels both because you draw the Sword which would best cut out the conditions of submission and because for a while they shall rather hope for then feele any forraigne succours For the Traitor himselfe what you haue you see and therefore I know that must be your warrant yet will I priuately say this vnto you that if her Maiesty had not the preiudice in her owne thoughts that he will insult when it comes to the vpshot and so her opening her selfe in offer of a pardon would returne vnto her a double scorne I am confidently perswaded that when you haue made triall and shall make it appeare that there is no other impediment then her Maiesties acceptation you shall receiue sufficient warrant for conclusion In the meane time lest you should say you are put to doe that which is tender to handle because my word can be no warrant or for that which is impossible to effect which is that he will trust his life in your hands by a personall submission first you haue warrant to trie it for receiuing him vpon condition of his life so as therein you may fashion your owne course as you list Secondly for the point of his not daring to trust the State for his personall comming in all other things but that may be digested and that doubt sent ouer hither whereby her Maiesty shall yet haue the honour of refusall if God doe so dispose her heart and not he which her Maiesty seeketh to auoid For the preparation in Spaine I can say no more then I haue done in the ioint dispatch onely the continuance of her Maiesties Fleete vpon the Coast and this breaking out of Byrones conspiracy in which Spaine hath giuen the French King occasion of offence may hinder any present inualions and so giue you more time then when Don Iean arriued it was resolued And thus haue I now of the publike affaires deliuered you as much as I know to be worthy of aduertisement My Lord being somewhat troubled with a paine in my eies I presumed to write the ordinary matters of my letter in a borrowed hand reseruing that which was of more priuatenesse to my owne selfe To assure you of the Queenes acceptation of your seruices and of the abolition of her former exceptions I vow before God that my heart doth giue me that warrant out of my poore iudgement of her dispusition more then vpon sudden speeches sometime when the first apparition of new charge and likelihood to continue doth present it selfe that I might say Dormito securus When I can by any occasion I bring Sir Oliuer Saint Iohns to her Maiesty because hee may see how her Maiesties affections moue to whose report of her language now to him I doe referre mee But to come to the point my Lord this I say the
bee kept fit to receiue greater numbers if it were thought fit to send them againe at any time Adding that if the Queene would be pleased to build a little Castle in euery one of the lesser Forts it would greatly lessen her Maiesties charge in the numbers of men and yet be sufficient perpetually to bridle the Irish. The nine and twentieth of Iuly the Lord Deputie being in Monaghan receiued letters from Sir George Carew Lord President of Mounster by the hands of Sir Samuel Bagnol whom the Lord Deputie had sent into Mounster to bring from thence fifteene hundred foote which accordingly hee had performed These letters aduertised certaine expectation of the Spaniards present inuading Mounster with great forces able to keepe the field without any support from the Irish Rebels which expectation was grounded vpon the confessions of many comming out of Spaine and by diuers letters sent from thence by the Irish but especially was confirmed by the arriuall of a Spanish ship at Ardea bringing a good proportion of munition to Oswillyuan Beare Captaine Tyrrell and other Rebels in Mounster together with a good summe of money to be distributed among them for their incouragement to hold out in rebellion till the Spanish succours should arriue And the Lord President signified his feare of a generall defection vpon the Spaniards first arriuall which hee gathered from the confidence of all the Rebels in that Prouince who hauing before sought for mercy in all humblenesse and with promise to merit it by seruice now since the Spanish ship arriued were growne proud calling the King of Spaine their King and their ceasing from rebellion to be the betraying of their King and of the Catholike cause yea sell nothing from this insolency though they had bin some times beaten by him many of their chiefe men killed and had lost the strong Castle of Dunboy And the twentieth of Iuly the Lord President aduertised new intelligences of Spanish forces in great numbers lying ready at the Groyne either to bee sent for Ireland or the Low Countries whereof 2000 being horse there was no probabilitie that they should bee sent by sea for the Low Countries since they might more conueniently bee raised in these parts Wherefore hee resolutely beleeuing they were intended for Ireland desired 〈◊〉 for speede of intelligences a running Post might againe be established betwene Corke and Dublin The Lord Deputie by this time had planted a Garrison in Monaghan wherein hee left for the present Sir Christopher S. Laurence with his 25 horse and 150 foote and vnder him Captaine Esmond with his foote one hundred fifty This Garrison lay fitly to secure the Pale from Northerne incursions and to prosecute those Rebels which were like to stand out longest This done his Lordship tooke burned and spoiled all the Ilands in those parts of greatest strength placing wards in some of them And finding Mac Mahown chiefe of Monaghan to stand vpod proud termes though otherwise making sute to bee receiued to mercy his Lordship spoiled and ransacked all that Countrie and by example thereof brought many Chiefes of adioyning Countries to submit to mercy with as good shew of dutie and obedience as could bee desired and more strict othes and pledges then had formerly been required So as now from the Bann to the Dartcy including all Tyrone and from thence to Dublin the whole Country was cleared and the chiefe Lords more assured then they were euer before His Lordship placed Connor Roe Mac Guyre to whom her Maiesty had lately giuen the Chiefery of Fermannagh in the principall house of Mac Mahown Chiefe of Monaghan lying within two miles of Fermannagh so as he might from thence easily plant and settle himselfe in his owne Country and so bee able to doe her Maiesty many good seruices in those parts This done his Lordship returned to the Newry meaning there for a short time to refresh his wearied forces The 29 of Iuly his Lordship and the Counsell with him made to the Lords in England a relation of the past seruices which for breuity I omit and wrote further as followeth Vpon such bruites as we heare of a new inuasion out of Spaine the L. President in a manner assuring vs that they will in that Prouince inuade presently with a strong Army of 15000 foot and 2000 horse we are much distracted what next to do for if we should draw that way to prouide to entertaine them wee should loose the aduantage of this prosecution and spend another yeere vnprofitably which wee grieue to thinke vpon and yet perhaps misse of their place of landing If we proceede as we yet intend to draw this warre to a speedy end which is that which we acknowledge we do more effect we shall bee the lesse able to make that defensiue stoppe to their inuasion that wee might if we attended that businesse onely We do therefore most humbly and earnestly desire to be directed from your Lordships who in likelihood best know the Spaniards intentions which of these courses we should most apply our selues vnto otherwise we are resolued whatsoeuer befall to prosecute the warre Northward with all earnestnesse out of the desire wee haue to draw the warre to an end and ease her Maiestie of that excessiue charge which to our exceeding griefe we obserue her to be at which we doubt not to effect to her great contentment and ease her Maiestie speedily of a great part of her charge if we be not interrupted by the Spaniard for besides the good hold we haue gotten of those that haue a ready submitted themselues which by all arguments of sound and sincere meaning in them we tooke to be better and more assured then any that was taken heretofore since her Maiestie and her Ancesters enioyed this Kingdome especially with the holds that we haue planted among them wee haue set downe such a plot for the prosecution of the rest vpon all hands at one instant so soone as wee take the field next which is agreed vpon the tenth of the next moneth till which time wee haue thought fit to refresh this Army ouertoiled wearied out with continuall working vpon the Forts that we haue made and with exceeding great marches which we were driuen to for lacke of meanes to carrie victuals with vs for a longer time as we are very confident we shall in short time ruine or subdue all these rebels For we haue left no man in all the North that is able to make any very great resistance or that hath not made meanes to bee receiued to mercy O Rourke onely excepted who hitherto hath been furthest off from feeling the furie of our prosecution Tyrone is alreadie beaten out of his Countrie and liues in a part of O Canes a place of incredible fastnesse where though it be impossible to doe him any great hurt so long as hee shall bee able to keepe any force about him the wales to him being vnaccessible with an Army yet by lying about him as we
fearefull to come to you and therefore desires my license to go for England which I haue now sent him with this purpose to giue him contentment as much as may bee and yet when he comes to mee I meane to schoole him and so I hope to hold him in good termes for so at this time especially it doth behoue vs to bring our great worke to the better conclusion I make no question but that both he and O Connor Sligo and the rest of them doe all somewhat iuggle and play on both hands to serue their owne turnes and therefore truly deserue the lesse fauour for they so doe here for the most part and yet I winke at it But since it behoneth vs so greatly to draw the warre to an end to ease her Maiestie of that exceeding charge and consumption of men and Armes which her Maiestie and the State of England are growne verie wearie of and indeed vnwilling to continue much longer Wee that are here imployed as chiefe instruments to effect what so earnestly is desired must beare more for our Countries good then our owne natures can well endure and therefore let mee aduise you with much earnestnesse to apply your selfe vnto it as the onely and sole meanes to make our doings acceptable in England where we must be censured and by your next let me know certainly I pray you whether you haue done any thing already for the intituling of her Maiesty to any of their lands in that Prouince or whether you haue any way attempted it or giuen them cause to suspect it I shall be well satisfied with your answere presuming that you will doe it sincerely yet if any such thing be I pray you proceed no further in it but labour by all meanes to winne them both because I know it to be her Maiesties pleasure and that the multitude of Subiects is the glory of a Prince and so euery way it is fittest to reclaime rather then destroy them if by any good meanes it might be wrought O Connor Slige as you know was restrained of his liberty by the Rebels and that I thinke vpon a letter I sent vnto him so that hee hath a iust pretence for his standing out so long and for any action into which he shall enter neither shall we be able to disproue his allegations though perhaps himselfe be not innocent neither at the beginning nor now You must therefore be content to thinke that what he doth is by compulsion though indeed you doe not thinke so for some reasons apparant to your selfe Your stone worke at Galloway about the Bulworkes will I feare proue chargable and very long yet can I doe no more then recommend it to your good husbandry and discretion who may best iudge what is fittest Tyrone is not yet gone ouer the Earne but lies betweene that and Ruske where I haue planted a garrison and another at the Agher hard by the Clogher which lie both very fitly to doe seruice vpon him To the former all the Garrisons neere the Blackewater and that at Mountioy and Monaghan may fitly draw vpon all occasions and so I haue lefe order with Sir Arthur Chichester who hath the chiefe care of all And to the latter and to Omy which is but twelue miles from it Sir Henry Dockwra hath promised me to put vp most of the Forces of Loughfoyle and to lie there about himselfe To Eniskillin or there about Sir Henry Follyot hath direction to draw his whole Force leauing a Ward onely at Ballishannon and Beleeke which is already done but hee hath not his boates yet from you which is a great hinderance vnto him and therefore I pray you send them with all speed possible if they be not gone already Touching your motion for Master Atturney I now returne to Dublyn where if he cause it to be moued at the Table I will with the rest yeeld to any thing that is fit In the meane time you may vse the chiefe Iustice in those businesses who hath allowance for his diet and is of great experience and continuance in that Prouinee so as thereby hee may best know euery mans disposition I pray you let me heare stom you againe with as much speed as you can touching the state of that Prouince vnder your gouernement And so hoping for all these late bruites that we shall not this yeere be troubled by the Spaniards or if we be that their number shall be small for so Master Secretary hath confidently written to me out of England I commend me right heartily to you From the Newry this twelfth of September 1602. The Lord Deputy being arriued at Dublyn and this Summers seruice ended since the composing of the Irish troubles was henceforward to bee wrought by the garrisons planted in all parts vpon the Rebels and the setling of the State to be managed by Counsellors Sir Henry Dauers Serieant Maior of the Armie was the rather induced by the necessity of his priuate affaires to discontinue his seruice in Ireland Whereupon his place of Serieant Maior being void was conferred vpon Sir Arthur Chichester And because Sir Richard Moryson had a pretence to the place by former hopes giuen him from the Lord Deputy his Lordship to giue him contentment raised his Company of foote reduced lately in a generall cash to 150 to the former number of two hundred The seuen and twenty of September the Lord Deputy at Dublyn teceiued from the Lords in England this following letter directed to his Lordship and the Counsell of Ireland AFter our hearty commendations to your good Lordship and the rest of the Counsell there Whereas your Lordship in your late letters of the twenty nine of the last Iuly doth aduertise vs of a great abuse crept in amongst the Ministers of the victuals in that Realme namely that you cannot know from any of them when the victuals arriue in any Port nor whether it be of an old contract or a new nor whether it be for her Maiesty or themselues and by that meanes you can neuer find how you are prouided for nor what you may further expect and which is worse that the Rebels doe get of the best victuals that are sent thither and you cannot call the Victualer to acount thereof because he affirmes stifly that he is warranted by vs to sell it for his benefit and so as he sell it to the subiect how ill soeuer affected it is no fault of his if the Rebels afterwards get it Vpon this information from your Lordship we haue not onely called all the Victualers to account how this great abuse is committed but haue perused our former order taken this time 2 yeers when we contracted with them to appoint commissaries there for the keeping issuing of victuals by whose default being their Ministers it should seeme these lewd parts are plaied Therefore for your Lordships satisfaction in the first point the answer of Tolles and Cockain will suffice who doe absolutely affirme that they sent
so they become most miserable creatures so hard a thing is it to keepe them together to be turned ouer to other Companies when once they know of their cashering as I remember your Lordships haue noted the like difficulty in your letters to keepe together and to send ouer the whole numbers by you appointed to come into this Kingdome And in this cashering of Companies according to her Maiesties expresse pleasure which her Highnesse prescribeth to be of the Irish Companies that the English may subsist and be made strong although I would willingly performe this direction and to that end haue discharged a number of Irish Companies heretofore and now yet seeing the Arch-rebell doth yet hold out albeit I haue directed such a course for his prosecution by Sir Arthur Chichester who is in pursuit of him as before the Spring I hope he shall be quite broken and that this rebel O Rowrke hath drawne such a head together I thinke it not amisse yet to continue some of the Irish Companies for a time hoping with Gods good fauour that ere it be long I may reduce the Army to a lesser number and then with more conueniency and lesse danger may discharge the Irish Companies which in the meane time I will so exercise and employ as they shall not be idle but shall be still exposed to endure the brunt of the seruice vpon all occasions And touching the continuing of this seruice against the Rebell O-Rowrke and his Confederates which we are of opinion may not be delaied for the preuention of further dangers as also for the vpholding of her Maiesties Army in regard of the generall scarcity of all sorts of victuals in all parts of this Kingdome wee humbly pray your Lordships to remember that a proportion of victuals be sent to Galloway Ballishannon and Lymrick with all speed without the which we see no meanes how this seruice can be followed or the Army in generall may be preserued from perishing For where it is expected by your Lordships that some great numbers of Beeues and other victuals may be gotten from the Rebels we haue already so impouerished them by prosecutions as they are ready to starue And amongst the Subiects of the Pale their Haruest was so vnseasonable and their Corne was so destroied by the weather as numbers of subiects will vndoubtedly die of famine and we see no meanes for her Maiesties Army in this Kingdome to subsist especially for this present yeere but vpon prouisions to be sent out of England which in discharge of our bounden duties wee thought meet plainely to signifie vnto your Lordships and doe humbly leaue it to your carefull prouidence For such abuses as haue beene committed in disposing of the victuals we shall be ready vpon the arriuall of such Commissioners as are purposed to be sent to yeeld vnto them our best assistance and in the meane season to haue all things in readinesse against their comming The sixteenth of Ianuary the Lord Deputy receiued the following letter directed from her Maiesty to his Lordship and the rest of the Counsell for Ireland Elizabeth Regina RIght trusty and welbeloued We greet you well The abuses which by the frauds of Merchants doe daily multiply in the course of exchange doe cast vpon Vs so great burthen and We find them to be so impossible to be preuented by any cautions that can be deuised whereof wee haue sufficient proofe in the like fruit that followeth of the restraints made since the first Proclamation published as We can find no other way to remedy those inconueniences but by taking from the Merchant all benefit of exchange other then hereunder is mentioned in the forme of a Proclamation which We thinke good to be published in that Kingdome to make knowne to all men in what manner We intend to allow of the exchange from the day of the publishing thereof which therefore you shall cause to be done immediately vpon the receipt of these Our letters And for that Our intent is by this Proclamation as you may perceiue by the tenour thereof to explane all former Proclamations and Orders touching this matter of the exchange and that from the day of the publishing of this new declaration of Our pleasure the same onely be taken for the rule of the exchange and no benefit of Our former Proclamation to be allowed to any yet because in some of them there bee some clauses meet for Vs to be continued Wee haue here vnder made a short note of those clauses out of the said Proclamations which clauses Our pleasure is that you cause to bee taken verbatim and inserted into this Proclamation when you shall publish it or else to expresse the substance of them in such words as you shall thinke fit or to alter or omit any of them or to adde to this new direction for our aduantage requiring you in your consideration of this our purpose to cast aside all priuate respects and onely to aime at the ease of our great charge so farre forth as it may be done without inconueniency of greater moment to Our State there then our charge is to Vs. The Proclamation VPon the alteration of the Standard of Our Monies in this Realme whereunto Wee were led aswell by examples of Our Progenitors who had euer made a difference betweene the Monies of this Realme and Our Realme of England as also by a necessary prouidence of keeping the sterling Monies both from the hands of Our Rebels here and also from transportation into forraigne Countries which chiefly by the said Rebels and their Factors was done We did erect an Exchange for the vse of all sorts of Our Subiects others vsing entercourse between these 2 Realmes for conuerting of Monies of the new Standard of this Realme into sterling Monies in England and of English Monies into those of this Realme reciprocally hoping that the honest and vpright carriage of Merchants in an equal exercise of trafficke between the two Realmes would haue caused in the said Exchange an indifferent and mutuall commodity both to the Merchant for his trade and to Vs for Our payments and both their Our intentions haue concurred in preseruing the sterling Monies from the Rebels and from transportation into forraigne Countries but in this little time of experience which We haue made thereof being not yet two yeeres past Wee haue found Our expectation greatly deceiued and the scope giuen the first institution of the Exchange exceedingly abused by the slights and cunnings of Merchants which though Wee did immediatly vpon the beginning of the Exchange discouer to be breeding yet did Wee not thinke that the same would euer haue growne to such a hight as since We haue perceiued Wherefore We did by some restrictions and limitations seeke to containe those frauds within reasonable bounds but it falleth out that the remedies proposed haue beene so farre from the easing of the griefe as whatsoeuer hath beene by Vs prescribed for the redresse hath but
be concealed especially in him vpon whole face all men eyes were cast himselfe was content to insinuate that a tender sorrow for losse of his Soueraigne Mistresse caused this passion in him but euery dull vnderstanding might easily conceiue that thereby his heart might rather bee more eased of many and continuall ielousies and feares which the guilt of his offences could not but daily present him after the greatest security of pardon And there needed no Oedipus to find out the true cause of his teares for no doubt the most humble submission he made to the Queene he had so highly and proudly offended much eclipsed the vaine glory his actions might haue carried if he had hold out till her death besides that by his cōming in as it were between two raignes he lost a faire aduantage for by Englands Estate for the present vnsetled to haue subsisted longer in rebellion if he had any such end or at least an ample occasion of fastning great merit on the new King if at first and with free will he had submitted to his mercy which hee would haue pretended to doe onely of an honourable affection to his new Prince and many would in all likelihood haue beleeued so much especially they to whom his present misery and ruined estate were not at all or not fully knowne The sixth of Aprill the Earle of Tyrone made a new submission to the King in the same forme he had done to the Queene the name onely changed He also wrote this following letter to the King of Spaine IT may please your most Excellent Maiesty Hauing since the first time that euer I receiued letters from your Highnesse Father and your Maiesty or written letters vnto you performed to the vttermost of my power whatsoeuer I promised insomuch as in the expectation of your assistance since the repaire of O Donnell to your Maiesty I continued in action vntill all my neerest kinsemen and followers hauing forsaken me I was inforced as my duty is to submit my selfe to my Lord and Soueraigne the beginning of this instant moneth of Aprill in whose seruice and obedience I will continue during my life Therefore and for that growing old my selfe I would gladly see my sonne setled in my life time I haue thought good giuing your Maiesty all thankes for your Princely vsage of my sonne Henry during his being in Spaine most humbly to desire you to send him vnto mee And for the poucrtie whereunto I was driuen I haue in sundry letters both in Irish and other languages so signified the same as it were inconuenient herein to make relation thereof And so I most humbly take my leaue From Dublin c. Your Highnesse poore friend that was Hugh Tyrone Together with the same he wrote another letter to his sonne Henry to hasten his comming from Spaine into Ireland but without any effect Lastly the Lord Deputic renewed to the Earle of Tyrone his Maiesties Protection for a longer time till hee could sue out his Pardon and sent him backe into his Countrey to settle the same and to keepe his friends and former confederates in better order vpon this change of the State Sir Henry Dauers who lately brought letters to the Lord Deputy from the Lords in England returned backe with purpose to repaire presently vnto the King wherevpon the Lord Deputy commended to his relation the following instructions signed with his Lordships hand Wherein you must note that his Lordship omits the newes of the Queenes death receiued by the seruant of a Gentleman as aforesaid the same being onely a priuate inteliigence whereupon hee could not safely build his late proceedings and that his Lordship onely insists vpon letters from the State which could onely giue warrant to the same The instrustions are these You are to informe the Kings Maiesty that at your comming ouer hither the fifth hereof with the letters from the Lords in England signifying the decease of my late Scueraigne Mistresse you found with mee heere at Dublin the Earle of Tyrone newly come in vpon Protection and by that meanes the Rcalme for the present generally quiet all expecting that vpon a conclusion with him which then euery one conceiued to be likely in as much as he put himself into my hand which till that time he would neuer doe to any the Countrey would in short time be thorowly settled so that euery one thet found himselfe in danger did presse me in a manner hourely for his pardon foreseeing that he that staied out longest was sure to be made the example of the Iustice of the State where such as could soonest make their way by assuring their future loyaltie and seruice were hopefull to lay hold vpon their Soueraignes mercy Now to the end you may acquaint his Maiesty how farre forth I haue proceeded with the Earle of Tyrone and vpon what warrant you shall be heereby thus remembred He had often made great meanes to be receiued to mercy which as often I had denied him prosecuting him to the vttermost of my ability being cuer confident in opinion that vntil I had brought him very low driuen him out of his own Countrey as I did the last Summer and left Garrisons vpon him that tooke most of the Creaghts and spoiled the rest of his goods hee would not bee made fit to crauc mercy in that humble manner that was beseeming so great an offender In December last when I was at Galloway he importuned me by many messages and letters and by some that he trusted very well vowed much sincerity if hee might be hearkened vnto there and at that time hee sent me a submission framed in as humble manner as I could reasonably require To that I sent him this answer that I would recommed it to her Maiesty but vntill I had further direction from her I would still prosecute him as I did before and get his head if I could and that was all the comfort I gaue him yet ceased he not to continue a sutor with all the earnestnesse that hee could deuise hoping in the end to obtaine that hee desired In the month of March I receiued letters from her Maiesty of the sixteenth and sauenteenth of February whereby I was authorised to giue him my word for his comming and going safe and to pardon him so as he would come parsonally where I should assigne him to receine it and yeeld to some other conditions in the last of those two letters contained And withall I was specially required aboue all things to driue him to some issue presently because her Maiesty then conceiued that contrariety of successes heere or change of accidents in other parts might turn very much to her disaduantage for which she was still apt to beleeue that hee lay in wait and would spin out all things further then were requisite with delayes and shifts if I should not abridge him Shortly after the Earle renewing his former suit with very great carnestnesse and in most humble manner as may
the other third part of that allowance except he had other great Fees and place of commodity in this Kingdome his Lordship nominated as before Sir George Cary to be most fit for that place some other Counsellers being in this one point ioyned with him namely to signe all such warrants as should be signed for the disbursing of the Treasure The instructions giuen to Master Cooke were these To procure a new Pattent to the Lord Mountioy with title of Lord Lieutenant and with authority to leaue Sir George Carey Treasurer at Warres to be Lord Deputy and so his Lordship to come presently ouer 2. To procure new Pattents for Wards letting of the Kings lands compounding the Kings debts c. as before 3. To solicite for victuall munition and mony 4. To moue the change of the base coine now currant 5. To aduertise the newes from Spaine 6. To solicite the sending of new Seales namely the great Seale Signets Counsell seales for the State Mounster and Connaght for the Kings Bench Common pleas and Exchequer 7. To procure authoritie to passe estates to the Irish Lords After King Iames his Proclamation at Dublin the Lord Deputy sent like Proclamations to all Gouernours Magistrates and Officers of Prouinces Cities and Countries to be in like sort published and with all made knowne to them seuerally his Maiesties pleasure signified in his letters directed to the Lords in England to continue all Gouernours Magistrates and Officers and all his Maiesties Ministers as well Martiall as Ciuill of both the Kingdomes of England and Ireland in as absolute authorities and iurisdictions of their places as before the decease of the late Queene Elizabeth of famous memory they enioyed and exercised the same as also to continue and establish all the Lawes and Statutes of both Kingdomes in their former force and validity till such time as his Maiesty should please to take fuller knowledge and resolue for the publik good of any alteration not intended but vpon some speciall and waighty causes and should please to giue notice of his pleasure Further his Lordship aduised them to concurre with him in the vigilant care to present all things in the best estate might be to the first view of so worthy and mighty a Soueraigne The twelfth of Aprill the Lord Deputy receiued letters from Sir Charles Wilmott and Sir George Thorneton appointed Commissioners with ioynt authority for gouerning the Prouince of Mounster in the absence of Sir George Carew Lord President late gone for England aduertising that they had blocked vp Mac Morrish in the Castle of Billingarry belonging to the Lord Fitz-morrice and hoped by the taking thereof to cleere the Prouince of all open Rebels The fifteenth of Aprill his Lordship receiued a letter from Ororke humbly imploring the Queenes mercy and the same day after his hearing of the Queenes death another in like humblenesse crauing the Kings mercy The sixteenth day his Lordship receiued letters from the Mayor of Corke aduertising that hee had receiued the Kings Proclamation the eleuenth of Aprill and had deferred the publishing thereof to this day onely to the end it might be doue with more solemnity humbly praying that in regard the Fort built for defence of the Harbour of Corke from forraigne inuasion was not kept by a Commander sufficient to secure the same for the Crowne his Lordship would accept the offer of him the Mayor and therest of the corporation of the said City to keepe the same for his Maiesty at their owne perill Lastly complaining that the Souldiers now keeping the Fort did shoote at the Fishermen and at the Boates sent out of the Towne for prouisions vsing them at their pleasure The same sixteenth day his Lordship was aduertised by seuerall letters First that the Citizens of Waterford had broken vp the doores of the Hospitall and had admitted one Doctor White to preach at Saint Patrickes Church and had taken from the Sexton the keyes of the Cathedrall Church of themselues mutinously setting vp the publike celebration of the Masse and doing many insolencies in that kind Secondly that Edward Raghter a Dominican Frier of Kilkenny assisted by some of the Towne came to the Blacke-Fryers vsed for a Session-House and breaking the doores pulled downe the benches and seates of Iustice building an Altar in the place of them and commanded one Biship dwelling in part of the Abbey to deliuer him the keyes of his House who was to take possession of the whole Abbey in the name and right of the Friers his brethren The eighteenth day his Lordship was aduertised from the Commissioners of Mounster that the Citizens of Corke had not onely refused to ioine with them in publishing the Proclamation of King Iames but had drawne themselues all into Armes and kept strong guardes at their Ports and had absolutely forbidden the Commissioners to publish the same with such contemptuous words and actions as would haue raised a mutiny if they had not vsed greater temper That the Townesmen had made stay of boats loaded with the Kings victuals and munition for the Fort of Haleholin saying that the Fort was built within their Franchizes without their consent and was meetest to be in the custody of the City Whereupon they the said Commissioners accompanied with the Lord Roche and some 800 persons of the Countrey all expressing muchioy but none of the Citizens assisting or expressing any ioy did publish the Proclamation vpon an hill neere the Towne with as much solemnity as might be and had furnished the Fort with victuals and munition from Kinsale And they besought his Lordship speedily to reestablish by new Letters Pattents the Magistrates authority because the ceasing thereof by the Queenes death had especially emboldened these Citizens to be thus insolent The same day one Edward Gough a Merchant of Dublyn newly comming out of Spaine and examined vpon oath said that at Cales he saw the Ordinance shipped to S. Lucas for forty sayle as he heard there ready to goe for Lisbone where was a fleete of 140 ships prepared as some said for Ireland or as others said for Flaunders but hee heard no Generall named onely heard that Don Iean de l'Agula was againe receiued to the Kings fauour The 22 day his Lordship wrote to the Soneraigne of Kilkenny that howsoeuer he had no purpose violently to reforme Religion in this Kingdome but rather prayed for their better vnderstanding yet he could not permit yea must seuerely punish in that Towne and otherwhere the seditious mutinous setting vp of the publike exercise of Popish Religion without publike authority and likewise with preiudice done to those of the prosession established by God and by the Lawes of both the Realmes requiring that hee and they should desist from such mutinous disorders apprehending the chiefe authors and if they wanted power to suppresse the sedition of a few Priests Friers his L P offered to assist them with the Kings forces for he would not faile to giue life to the
speciall trust on your fidelity within the walles of that City but to suffer it by his Maiesties Commissioners of that Prouince to bee issued to the Forts or where they shall thinke meet for the present seruice I shall be glad to finde that you conforme your selues to due obedience in all these and other duties of good subiects if otherwise you obstinately persist in the contrary I must needs hold you for enemies to the King and the Peace of these his Realmes and as such thinke you fit to be prosecuted by the reuenging sword of these and other his Maiesties Forces From the Campe at Gracedea neere Waterford the fourth of May 1603. The fifth of May his Lordship was aduertised that the Gouernour of Loughfoyle vpon Sir Neale Garnes late insolencies and disloyall practises had by force taken from him his Cowes Horses and all his substance and that he himselfe had giuen pledges to come to his Lordship The disloyalties proued against him were these That he obstinately carried himselfe in all things concerning the seruice That he forbad his people to yeeld any reliefe to the English Garrisons That he restrained his men from building or plowing that they might assist him to doe any mischiefe That be threatned to set fier on the Liffer That he refused to admit any Shiriffe in his Countrey That he had long beene vpon a word with the Rebels That he swore he would goe into Rebellion rather then any English man should inioy a foot of Church land in his Countrey which notwithstanding was reserued in his Pattent That he had created himself O Donnel that he had murthered an honest subiect who would not follow him in those courses with many like insolencies And hereby the Lord Deputy and State were set at libertie for the promise of Tirconnell made vnto him So as his Lordship had now good occasion to giue Rowry O Donnell contentment To which end some good portions of land being assigned to Sir Neale Garue his L P procured the rest of the late O Donnells Countrey to be giuen his brother Rowry whom afterwards in England he procured to be created Earle of Tyrconnel thereby extinguishing the name of O Donnell The Citizens of Waterford at first refused to receiue any Forces into the Towne but onely his Lordship and his retinue yet the chiefe of them attended his Lordship in the Campe and for their proceedings in the points of Religion his Lordship requiring them to bring vnto him one Doctor White a Iesuite the chiefe seducer of them by seditious Sermons they were ready vpon safe conduct or protection to bring him to his Lordships presence which being granted them by word of mouth the said Doctor White accompanied by a young Dominican Frier came into the Campe but when they foolishly carried a Crucifix openly shewing the same the soldiers were hardly kept from offering them violence and when they put vp the Crucifix in their pockets yet could hardly indure the sight of their habits which each wore according to his order Doctor White wearing a blacke gowne and cornerd cap and the Frier wearing a white wollen frock White being come into his Lordships Tent was bold to maintaine erroneous and dangerous positions for maintenance of that which the Citizens had done in the reforming of Religion without publike authority all which his Lordship did as no Lay man I thinke could better doe most learnedly confute And when White cited a place in Saint Austin for his proofe his Lordship hauing the booke in his Tent shewed all the company that hee had falsely cited that Father for howsoeuer his very words were found there yet they were set downe by way of an assertion which Saint Austin confuted in the discourse following At this surprisall White was somewhat out of countenance and the Citizens ashamed But in conclusion when those of the Towne alleaged King Iohn his Charter for priuiledge why they should not receiue the Kings forces into the Towne his Lordship replied that no King could giue that priuiledge to his subiects whereby his Successours should bee preiudiced in the due obedience they were to expect from them and in a word told them that if they did not presently open their Ports to him and the forces with him he would cut King Iohns Charter in pieces with King Iames his sword and if he entered the Towne by force would ruine it and strew salt vpon the ruines Whereupon they better considering of the businesse receiued his Lordship and the forces into the Towne and the souldiers were so well disciplined that howsoeuer they were not a little grieued by this yeelding to haue the hope of rich pillage taken from them yet no wrong worth the speaking of was done to any one in the Towne His Lordship here suppressed all publike exercise of Romish Religion and restored the Churches to the English Ministers and tooke from the chiefe Citizens an oath of Alleageance to his Maiesty with an abiuration of all dependancy on any forraigne Potentate hauing held the like course of reformation in his passage hither through Kilkenny the Citizens wherof had in like sort offended but his Lordship forbare any way to censure their past sedition leauing them to the Kings mercy for Charter life and goods if thereby they had indangered them Onely his Lordship left one thou sand men in Garrison at Waterford and made choise of a place of aduantage where they should lye till such time as a Fort might there be built to command the Towne and bridle it from running into like insolencies hereafter And because the North being now quieted there was no further vse of any Garrison in Lecayle his Lordship appointed Sir Richard Morryson formerly Gouernour of Lecayle to command this Garrison left at Waterford and to gouerne the County of Wexford Certaine heads whereupon some Waterford men were examined a part one from the the other and in a carelesse manner yet so as the answeres were written out of sight 1. What preparations were deuised to rescue Waterford if the Army had laied siege thereunto 2. Who were the instruments that were appointed and were assembling them 3. Who were their leaders both in Towne and Countrie and when and where they should meete 4. Whether any thing were published in writing and set vpon the Church doores and other places to seduce the people and what the effect thereof was or by whom it was set vp or whether it was set vp in Clomell onely or in more places 5. Whether any of them did know Sir Mahowne O Dullany Priest to come to Clomell the fifth of this moneth reporting that Sir Donnell O Carroll had fifteene hundred men ready to the rescue of Waterford 6. Whether any of them knew Humfery Arthur of Lymrick or any other messengers from thence to come to Clomell to report that fiue thousand were in readinesse to the rescue of Waterford also or whether he be still at Clomell yea or no. 7. Whether they knew which
when the guests haue chosen their meate and agreed for the price they carry it backe and after it is prepared bring it in warme with sauces Is the passenger haue a horse of his owne which he may buy here to sell with good gaine in Italy he shall pay for his meate as I said fiue soulz at noone and some ten soulz at night The French haue also long Waggons couered with cloath such as our English Carriers vse wherein women and such as can indure the slownesse thereof vse to trauell from Citie to Citie My self after I had been robbed in Champaigne passed in such a Waggon from Challons to Paris and paied two gold Crownes of the Sunne for my passage Alwaies it is to be vnderstood that in most Kingdomes and places a stranger shall pay somewhat more then one that is borne in the Country In England towards the South and in the West parts and from London to Barnick vpon the confines of Scotland Post-horses are established at euery ten miles or thereabouts which they ride a false gallop after some ten miles an hower sometimes and that makes their hire the greater for with a Commission from the chiefe Post-master or chiefe Lords of the Councell giuen either vpon publike businesse or at least pretence thereof a passenger shal pay two pence half-penny each mile for his horse and as much for his guides horse but one guide will serue the whole company though many ride together who may easily bring backe the horses driuing them before him who know the way aswell as a begger knowes his dish They which haue no such Commission pay three pence for each mile This extraordinary charge of horses hire may well be recompenced with the speede of the iourney whereby greater expences in the Innes are auoided all the difficultie is to haue a body able to endure the toyle For these 〈◊〉 the passenger is at no charge to giue them meat onely at the ten miles end the boy that carries them backe will expect some few pence in gift Some Nobleman hath the Office of chiefe Post-Master being a place of such account as commonly he is one of the Kings Counsell And not onely hee but other Lords of the Councell according to the qualities of their offices vse to giue the foresaid Commission signed with their hands ioyntly or seuerally but their hands are lesse regarded then the Postmasters except they be fauourites and of the highest Offices or the businesse bee important In the Innes men of inferiour condition vse to eate at the Hosts Table and pay som six pence a meale but Gentlemen haue their chambers and eate alone except perhaps they haue consorts and friends in their company and of their acquaintance If they bee accompanied perhaps their reckoning may commonly come to some two shillings a man and one that eates alone in his owne chamber with one or two seruants attending him perhaps vpon reckoning may spend some fiue or six shillings for supper and breakfast But in the Northerne parts when I passed towards Scotland Gentlemen themselues did not vse to keepe their chambers but to eat at an ordinarie table together where they had great plentie of good meate and especially of choice kinds of fish and each man paid no more then sixe pence and sometimes but foure pence a meale One horses meate will come to twelue pence or eighteene pence the night for Hay Oates and Straw and in Summer time commonly they put the horses to grasse after the rate of three pence each horse though some who ride long iournies will either keepe them in the Stable at hard meate as they doe in Winter or else giue them a little Oates in the morning when they are brought vp from grasse English passengers taking any iourney seldome dine especially not in Winter and withall ride long iournies But there is no place in the World where passengers may so freely command as in the English Inns and are attended for themselues and their horses as well as if they were at home and perhaps better each seruant being ready at call in hope of a small reward in the morning Neither did I euer see Innes so well furnished with houshold stuffe Coaches are not to be hired any where but only at London and howsoeuer England is for the most part plaine or consisting of little pleasant hilles yet the waies farre from London are so durty as hired Coachmen doe not ordinarily take any long iournies but onely for one or two daies any way from London the wayes so farre being sandy and very faire and continually kept so by labour of hands And for a dayes iourney a Coach with two horses vsed to be let for some ten shillings the day or the way being short for some eight shillings so as the passengers paid for the horses meat or some fifteene shillings a day for three horses the Coach-man paying for his horses meate Sixtie or seuenty yeeres agoe Coaches were very rare in England but at this day pride is so farre increased at there be few Gentlemen of any account I meane elder Brothers who haue not their Coaches so as the streetes of London are almost stopped vp with them Yea they who onely respect comlinesse and profit and are thought free from pride yet haue Coaches because they find the keeping thereof more commodious and profirable then of horses since two or three Coach-porses will draw foure or fiue persons besides the commodity of carrying many necessaries in a Coach For the most part Englishmen especially in long iournies vse to ride vpon their owne horses But if any will hire a horse at London they vse to pay two shillings the first day and twelue or perhaps eighteene pence a day for as many dayes as they keepe him till the horse be brought home to the owner and the passenger must either bring him backe or pay for the sending of him and find him meate both going and comming In other parts of England a man may hire a horse for twelue pence the day finding him meate and bringing or sending him backe and if the iourney bee long he may hire him at a conuenient rate for a moneth or two Likewise Carriers let horses from Citie to Citie with caution that the passenger must lodge in their Inne that they may looke to the feeding of their horse and so they will for some fiue or sixe dayes iourney let him a horse and find the horse meate themselues form so me twenty shillings Lastly these Carryers haue long couered Waggons in which they carry passengers from City to City but this kind of iournying is so tedious by reason they must take waggon very earely and come very late to their Innes as none but women and people of inferiour condition or strangers as Flemmings with their wiues and seruants vse to trauell in this sort In Ireland since the end of the Ciuill warre some Lords and Knights haue brought in Coaches to Dublin but they are
other Cities is commonly of timber clay and plaster sometimes of freestone and foure or fiue roofes high whereof each as it is higher so is more proiected into the streete much darkening the same and causing the raine to fall into the middest thereof The streetes are no broader then for two Carts to meete and passe one by the other Almost vnder euery house is a Cellar to lay vp wine Perry Cyder and alll kinds of drinke and few of the windowes are glazed which are also darkened with grates of wood the rest are altogether open to be shut by night with windowes of wood The building of the Villages is like ours in England commonly of timber and clay and thatched ouer The Gentlemens houses are built like those in the Cities whereof I haue spoken but the Pallaces of great Lords for the most part are stately built of free stone yet more beautifull and stately are the Kings Pallaces commonly of free stone curiously carued with pillers of marble and sometimes of brickes with pecces of marble in the parts most open to the eye Among these Pallaces of the King that of Fontainebleau is the most stately and magnificent that I did see and most pleasant for the gardens and sweete Aire Caesar in his Commentaries saith that buildings of England were then like those of France Now at London the houses of the Citizens especially in the chiefe streetes are very narrow in the front towards the streete but are built fiue or sixe roofes high commonly of timber and clay with plaster and are very neate and ommodious within And the building of Citizens houses in other Cities is not much vnlike this But withall vnderstand that in London many stately Pallaces built by Noblemen vppon the Riuer Thames doe make a very great shew to them that passe by water and that there be many more like Pallaces also built towards Land but scattered and great part of them in backe lanes and streetes which if they were ioined to the first in good order as other Cities are built vniformely they would make not onely faire streetes but euen a beautifull City to which few might iustly be preferred for the magnificence of the building Besides that the Aldermens and chiefe Citizens houses howsoeuer they are stately for building yet being built all inward that the whole roome towards the streets may be reserued for shoppes of Tradesmen make no shew outwardly so as in truth all the magnificence of London building is hidden from the view of strangers at the first sight till they haue more particular view thereof by long abode there and then they will preferre the buildings of this famous City to many that appeare more stately at the first sight Great part of the Townes and Villages are built like the Citizens houses in London saue that they are not so many stories high nor so narrow in the front towards the streete Others of them are built in like sort of vnpolished small stones and some of the Villages in Lincolneshire and some other Countries are of meere clay and couered with thatch yet euen these houses are more commodious within for clenlinesse lodging and diet then any stranger would thinke them to be Most of the houses in Cities and Townes haue Cellers vnder them where for coolenesse they lay Beere and Wine Gentlemens houses for the most part are built like those in the Cities but very many of Gentlemens and Noblemens Pallaces aswell neere London as in other Countries are stately built of bricke and free stone whereof many yeelde not in magnificence to like buildings of other Kingdomes as Homby built by S r Christopher Hatton Tybals lately belonging to the Earle of Salisbury seated neere London the Earle of Exceter his house neer Stamford by which Pallaces lying neere the high way a stranger may iudge of many other like stately buildings in other parts The Kings Pallaces are of such magnificent building so curious art and such pleasure and beauty for gardens and fountaines and are so many in number as England need not enuie any other Kingdome therein Among them being manie a stranger may see neere London the King Pallaces of Hampton Court of Richmond of Greenewich of Nonsuch of Otelands of Schene of Winsore and in London the Pallace of White Hall In Scotland the Citie Edenborough is fairlie built of vnpolished stone but the galleries of timber built vpon the fronts of the houses doe rather obscure then adorne them And the Kings Pallace at one end and the fortified Castle at the other end of the City are more statelie built then the rest but all the beautie of the Citie confirsts of one large streete the by lanes being few and full of beggery The houses in Villages and scattered in the Countrie are like to those in England but the Gentlemens and Noblemens houses are nothing so frequent nor so stately built as the better sort of the English Neither are their I ownes and Cities in number building or pleasantnesse comparable to those in England Lastly the Villages of clay couered with straw are much more frequent then in England and farre lesse commodious within Among the Kings Pallaces that at Edenburg and that of Sterling for the building and Fawkland for the pleasure of hunting are the chiefe The houses of the Irish Cities as Corke Galoway and Lymrick the fairest of them for building are of vnwrought free stone or flint or vnpolished stones built some two stories high and couered with tile The houses of Dublin and Waterford are for the most part of timber clay and plaster yet are the streetes beautifull and the houses commodious within euen among the Irish if you pardon them a little slouenlinesse proper to the Nation In generall the houses very seldome keepe out raine the timber being not well seasoned and the walles being generally combined with clay only not with morter of lime tempered The Irish haue some quarries of Marble but only some few Lords and Gentlemen bestow the cost to polish it Many Gentlemen haue Castles built of free stone vnpolished and of flints or little stones and they are built strong for defence in times of rebellion for which cause they haue narrow staires and little windowes and commonly they haue a spatious hall ioyning to the Castle and built of timber and clay wherein they eate with their Family Neither are many of these gentle mens houses void of filth and slouenlinesse For other Irish dwellings it may be said of them as Caesar said of the old Brittanes houses They call it a Towne when they haue compassed a skirt of wood with trees cut downe whether they may retire themselues and their cattle For the meere barbarous Irish either sleepe vnder the canopy of heauen or in cabbines watled and couered with turfe The Germans long inioying settled peace the French and the Nitherlanders for many yeeres distracted with warres haue many Cities strongly fortified with ditches and earthen walles
diet Their sheepe are very little bearing a course wooll and commonly blacke which they export not but make course cloath thereof for the poorer sort the Gentlemen and for the most part the Citizens wearing English cloath The libertie of hunting commonly reserued to Princes and absolute Lords and they haue great store of red Deare feeding in open Woods which the Princes kill by hundreds at a time and send them to their Castlas to be salted vsing them in stead of beefe for the feeding of their families They haue no fallow Deare except some wild kinds vpon the Alpes They haue great store of fresh fish in Lakes Ponds and Riuers among which the Lakes of Sweitzerland are most commended At Hamburg they catch such plentie of Sallmons as it is a common report that the seruants made couenant with their Masters not to bee fed therewith more then two meales in the weeke and from thence great plentie of Sturgeon is exported Either the cold driues away birds or else they labour not to take them for I did seldome see them ferued at the table but onely Sparrowes and some few little birds In all their Riuers I did neuer see any Swannes yet they say that at Lubeck and about priuate Castles of Gentlemen they haue some few They say that they haue some mines of Gold but surely they abound with mines of Siluer aboue all Europe and all mettals where so euer found are by a Law of the Golden Bull appropriated to the Emperour and to the Electors in their seuerall dominions Also they abound with copper and brasse where with they couer many Churches but within forty yeeres past the English haue brought them Leade which they vse to that and other purposes Also they haue great plenty of Iron and they haue Fountaines yeelding most white Salt in Cities farre within the land which Cities are commonly called Halla Austria beyond the Danow yeelds excellent Saffron and at Iudiburg in Styria growes store of Spica Celtica as the Latin Herbalists call it In the season of the yeere yellow Amber is plentifully gathered vpon the Sea coast of Prusfia and Pomerania The Germans export into forraigne parts and there sell many curious and well prised workes of manuall Art And it is worth the consideration that the Citizens of Nurnberg dwelling in a sandy and baeren soile by their industrie and more specially by their skill in these manuall Arts liue plentifully and attaine great riches while on the contrary the inhabitants of Alsatia the most fruitfull Prouince of all Germany neglecting these Arts and content to enioy the fatnesse of their soyle in slothfull rest are the poorest of all other Germans Moreouer the vpper part of Germany abounds with Woods of Firre which tree as the Lawrell is greene all Winter and it hath many Okes also vpon the Alpes and not else where and lower Germany especially towards the Baltick Sea aboundeth with Woods of Oke They conuey great store of wood from the Alpes into the lower parts by the Riuer Rheine cutting downe whole trees and when they are marked casting them one by one into the Riuer to be carried downe with the violent streame thereof or otherwise binding many together to floate downe with men standing vpon them to guide them And at many Cities and Villages they haue seruants which know the trees by the markes and gather them vp in places where they may best be sold. The Cities that are one the Sea-coast on the North side of Germany haue very great ships but more fit for taking in great burthen then for sayling or fighting which the Netherlanders more commonly fraught with their commodities then the Germans themselues neither are the German Marriners much to bee commended The German Sea in good part and the Baltick Sea altogether are free from Pyrats which is the cause that their ships are little or not at all armed onely some few that trade into Spaine carry great Ordinance but are generally made large in the ribs rather fit for burthen then fight at Sea I neuer obserued them to haue any common prayers morning or euening as our English ships haue while they bee at Sea but the Marriners of their owne accord vse continually to sing Psalmes and they are punished by the purse who sweare or so much as once name the diuell from which they abhorre And herein they deserue to be praysed aboue the Holanders in whose ships a man shall heare no mention of God or his worship The said free Cities of Germany lying on the Sea-coast are called Hansen-stetten that is free Cities because they had of old in all neighbour Kingdoms great priuiledges of buying any wares as wel of strangers as Citizens and of selling or exchanging their own wares to either sort at pleasure and to bring in or carry out all commodities by their owne shippes with like immunities equall to Citizens in all the said Dominions and no lesse preiudiciall to them then aduantageous to themselues In England they were wont to dwell together at London in the house called the Stilyard and there to enioy these liberties which long since haue laine dead the Germans seldome bringing ought in their ships into England and the English hauing now long time found it more commodious to vse their owne shipping and iustly complaining that the English had not the like priuiledges in the said free Cities for which cause the priuiledges of the Germans were laid dead in England though not fully taken away Caesar witnesseth that the Schwaben inhabiting Suenia then containing great part of Germany admitted Merchants not to buy any thing themselues but onely to sell the spoyles they got in warre But Munster a German writes that these Sueuians or schwaben are now the onely forestallers of all things sold in faires or Markets and that for this cause they are excluded from buying any thing through Germany except it bee sold in their owne Townes of trafficke In generall the Germans doe applie themselues industriously to all trafficke by land which onely the free Cities on the Sea-coast exercise somewhat coldly by sea At home the Germans among themselues spend and export an vnspeakeable quantity of Beere with great gaine which yeelds great profit to priuate Citizens and to the Princes or publike Senate in free Cities there being no Merchandize of the World that more easily findes a buyer in Germany then this For the Germans trafficke with strangers I will omit small commodities which are often sold though in lesse quantitie yet with more gaine then greater and in this place I will onely speake of the commodities of greater moment aswell those that the Country affords as those that buy in forraigne parts to be transported in their owne ships The Germans export into Italy linnen clothes corne wax fetcht from Dantzk and those parts and coyned filuer of their owne which they also exchange vncoined with some quantity of gold Into England they export boards iron course linnen clothes and of that
the chiefe City by the Lattines called Mediomatricum and Metis is now vulgarly called Metz which City the King of France tooke in the yeere 1551 from the Empire in the time of the Emperor Charles the fifth who besieged the same long but in vaine the Kings of France still holding it The Dukedome of Burgundy belonged of old to the Empire but is now subiect to the Kings of France the chiefe City whereof is Dijon where the Parliament of the whole Dukedome is held It hath other Cities namely Beaulue Challon Chastillon Noyres and a place called Bourgougne which gaue the name to the Dukedome yet others write that it had the name of Bourges that is Townes The County of Burgundy belonged of old to the Empire but is now subiect to the King of Spaine whose progenitor married the daughter and heire of the Duke of Burgundy at which time the Kings of France tooke the foresaid Dukedome from the said daughter and heire And this County is vulgarly called Franche Conte as free from tributes It hath two free Cities Dole an Vniuersity and Besancon 2 The second part of Transalpina Gallia is Narbonensis which onely at this day yet not all may truly be called Gallia It was of old called Braccata of the Inhabitants apparell and is called Narbonensis of the chiefe City Narbona lying vpon the Riuer Athesis neere the Mediterranean Sea which Strabo witnesseth to haue beene of old a famous City for trafficke The Riuer Rhodanus runnes through it which falling from the Alpes and increased by Araris but still retaining the first name fals into the Mediterranean Sea This part called Narbonensis by the benefit of the Ayre and Sunne yeelds Figges Grapes Cytrons Peaches Pomegranates Chessenuts rich Wine and all delicate fruites and all the fields are made odoriferous by wild Rosemary Myrtels Palmetrees and many sweete hearbes and the Inhabitants haue lately planted Canes of sugar To conclude the Prouince is very pleasant and plentifull in all things On the West side of Rhodanus the Tectosages dwelt of old in the Prouince called Languadoc hauing that name because the Inhabitants vse Oc for the French Ouy The chief Cities thereof are Narbona aforesaid Mompeliers of old a famous Vniuersity Clermont The Dukedome of Sauoy lies in a corner from the alps to the mediterranean Sea of old inhabited by the Focuntij and it lying on the same side of the Alpes with France is reckoned a part thereof but the Duke thereof is an absolute Prince and the chiefe City is Chambery The Prouince is very fertile and where it is more barren yet affoordes excellent fruites and all things for foode at a conuenient price Dolphiny lies betweene the Riuer Rhodanus and the Dukedome of Sauoy and giues the name of Dolphin to the French Kings eldest sonne Prouence is a most sweete Territory and hath the Cities Marseile famous by trade with the Turkes Arles and Auignon subiect to the Pope for when many Popes were at one time Iohn the two and twentieth did long sit in this City giuen by Ioane Queene of Naples to the Popes in the time of Clement the sixth alienated from the Kingdome of Naples by her and annexed to the Patrimony of Saint Peter in the yeere 1360. The Principalitie of Orange is an absolute dominion hauing the chiefe City of the same name and seated betweene Languedoc Dolphiny and the Popes Territorie of Auignon The ayre of the Northerne part of France is purer then that of England and being not couered with cloudes drawne out of the Sea as England is for that cause in winter becomes more cold and in summer more hot and farre lesse annoied with mists rainy weather But on the other side more lesse according to the clyme the parts of France lying towards the Mountaines Pirenei and neerer to the Equinoctiall line are subiect to intemperate heate yet often allaied by the winds blowing from the Sea and by the shaddow of the Mountaines This Southerly part yeeldes all the fruites of Italy and in the Northerly parts as in Normandy they haue abundance of Apple and Peare trees of which they make great quantity of Sider and Perry and this part as towards the Sea it yeelds also plenty of Corne so within Land it affoords the like of Wines And in the very Northerly Iland called France they haue plenty of Grapes vpon pleasant hils watered with sweet Riuers but the wine made of them is small and sharpe All France is most pleasant and not onely about Narbona but in many other territories according to the commodity of the clime it yeelds great plenty of red and white wines exported in great quantity which are held excellent to be drunke the white in the moaning and the red with meate which red is otherwise reputed vnholsome as prouoking and causing rhumes France aboundeth with all things necessary for food as well Corne as Cattell red Deare Fowle and also with all kinds of Fish by reason it is partly compassed with the Sea and vpon all sides is watered with sweete Riuers For fier they vse wood and coales yet haue they no pit coales or sea coales but haue their sea eoales out of England for their Smiths Forges and where they haue lesse store of wood within land there they burne straw furres and other kinds of stubble They haue good races of Horses which the greater part vse in the Warre who are not able to buy Neapolitan Coursers Spanish lanets or English Coursers bred of the Neapolitan Horses and English Mares but for their iournies they haue no Gueldings or ambling Nagges as wee haue but commonly vse trotting and stoned Nagges The Gentlemen doe not meddle with trafficke either because it was of old forbidden to great Lords and Gentlemen lest the Kings impositions should thereby suffer domage they being by singular priuiledges exempted and freed from all such burthens or because in deed they thinke such trafficke ignoble and base and so vnfit fot them which error the French no lesse deerely buy then the English as I haue shewed in the discourse of Italy and shall againe proue in that of England In generall the French are lesse studious of Nauigation or industrious in that kind because they abound almost with all things for plentifull foode and rich attire and if they want any thing strangers gladly bring it to them and exchange it for their wines salt and course linnen cloaths neither haue I heard or read that they euer did any braue exploit by sea They haue in time of warre some few men of warre for piracy and some few ships to export their commodities but they saile onely to neighbour Countries as out of Normandy and Bretaigne into England Ireland and the Low-Countries and onely those of Marseile to Tripoli in Syria As for the Colonies which in our Age they haue led into the West Indies their vnhappy successe therein hath discouraged them from like new attempts And whosoeuer sees their rich Cities within
Land witnessing that their wealth consists in natiue commodities more then trading by Sea may easily guesse that they are not much addicted to Nauigation The French haue many commodities by which they draw forraigne Coynes to them but foure especially Wine Salt Linnen course cloth and Corne which in that respect some call the loadestones of France Neither is it a matter of small moment that they haue many Riners giuing commodity to the mutuall trafficke of their Cities They haue plenty of Flaxe and Hempe whereof they make canuas sayles ropes and cables Neither want they wooll whereof they make cloth little inferiour to the English cloth but not in quantity to be exported Bourdeaux is a famous City for exportation of Wines as Rochell and the neighbour Ports are no lesse for Salt France yeeldeth Saffron and Oade for dying which they call Du Pastell and many small commodities to be exported as Cards Pinnes Paper and the like yea they export into Spaine linnen cloathes made thinne with wearing and sell them there for a good price The Spaniards bring into France some quantity of wooll raysons Oliues Oyle Cytrons and other fruites whereof France needes no great quantity and Cochenillo for dying The Fortingals bring into France holy Thistle an hearbe like a white thorne hauing leaues like cotten on them and sugar and diuers kinds of Indian wood as 〈◊〉 Schomache Fustocke and Logwood and a smal quantity of Dates And these carry out of France great quantity of Linnen cloth which we call white Roanes and greater quantity of vittree Canuas and Paper some woollen cloth much Corne especially Wheate good quantity of waxe and cardes and the like commodities The English bring into France great quantity of woollen-cloaths called Kersies and Cottons Leade Tynne English Vitriall or Shooemakers blacke sheepe skinnes and by stealth other Hides forbidden to be exported great quantity of Hearrings and new found land Fish dried of wooll though forbidden to be exported Oyle Soape tunned Soape ashes old worne cloakes and I know not to what vse very old shooes with other natiue and forraigne commodities And they bring from thence Linnen cloathes called white Roanes and Vitree Canuas Paper white and red wines in great quantity Threed Saffron Waxe and from Paris Gold and siluer The Hollanders bring into France two or three kindes of their Linnen cloathes Copper Feathers and Wier and they carry thence the foresaid Linnen cloathes Wines Prunes Paper and the aboue named commodities The French carry into Italy Tinne Lead dry fish called Poore Iohn brought to them by the English and their owne aboue named commodities And they bring out of Italy silke cloaths and other Italian commodities Among the French onely those of Marseile trafficke with the Turkes and their greatest trade is onely at Tripoli in Syria who carry into Turkey Spanish siluer and French Linnen cloathes and bring from thence raw silke spices gals cotton and Indico for dying Old Writers relate that the Gals vsed to lie on the ground to feed on milke and Swines flesh and to be giuen to gluttony At this day none eate lesse Bacon or dried flesh for ordinary diet then the French yet I cannot commend their temperance since all as well Men as Weomen besides dinner and supper vse breakefasts and beuers which they call collations and gouster so eating foure times in the day All France abounds with necessaries for food as well all kinds of Cattle as fruites not inferiour in some places to those of Italy and wild Boares and Red Deare for they haue no fallow Deare and Birds and Fowle and all kinds of Fish affoorded by the Sea and their many pleasant riuers but their Beef is neither very good nor much vsed Their Sheep are lesse then ours in England but the flesh of them is sweete and sauoury In the Innes they haue greater plenty of Partridges and diuers kinds of Birds because the Countrey people neither doe nor may eate them and the Gentlemen are generally sparing in their ordinary diet so as great plenty of these dainties is brought to the chiefe Innes Howsoeuer England be happy in all aboundance and hath some dainties for food proper to it selfe as God wits and some other kinds of Sea Fowle and especially fallow Deare and Brawne Though it passeth France generally in plenty of Sea Fowles and as well the variety as plenty of Sea fishes yet hath it not such aboundance as France hath of Land Fowle or such as haunt the woods and fields as Partridges Feasants Woodcocks and the like or at least by reason of the common sort not feeding thereon and the said spare ordinary diet of the Gentlemen France seemeth much more to abound with them being common in all the chiefe Innes I speake of England in generall for in some places they so abound with vs as they beare little or no price The French are commended and said to excell others in boyled meates sawces and made dishes vulgarly called Quelques choses but in my opinion the larding of their meates is not commendable whereby they take away all variety of taste making all meates sauor of Porke and the French alone delight in mortified meates They vse not much whitmeates nor haue I tasted there any good Butter which our Ambassadours cause to be brought vnto them out of England and they haue onely one good kinde of Cheeses called Angelots pleasing more for a kind of sharpenesse in taste then for the goodnesse As well the Gentlemen as Citizens liue more sparingly then the English in their ordinary priuate diet and haue not their Tables so furnished with variety and number of dishes They dine most with sodden and liquid meates and sup with roasted meates each hauing his seuerall sawce but their Feasts are more sumptuous then ours and consist for the most part of made fantasticall meates and sallets and sumptuous compositions rather then of flesh or birds And the cookes are most esteemed who haue best inuention in new made and compounded meats And as in al things the French are chearefull and nimble so the Italians obserue that they eate or swallow their meate swiftly and adde that they are also slouenly at meate but I would rather say they are negligent or carelesse and little curious in their feeding And to this purpose I remember an accident that happened to a Frenchman eating with vs at the Masters table in a Venetian ship gouerned by Greekes and sailing from Venice to Ilierusalem who turning hir foule trencher to lay meat on the cleane side did so offend the Master and all the Marriners as well the best as common sort as they hardly refrained from offering him violence For Marriners in generall but especially the Greekes are so superstitious as they tooke this his negligence in turning his trencher being of like opinion for the turning of any thing in the ship vpside downe as if it had been an ominous signe that the ship should be cast away In a Village of Normandy halfe way
Grauesend is a knowne Roade The City Rochester is the seate of a Bishop and hath a stately Cathedrall Church Canterbery is a very ancient City the seate of an Archbishop who in the Hierarchy of the Roman Bishop was stiled the Popes Legate but the Popes authority being banished out of England it was decreed in a Synod held the yeere 1534 that the Archbishops laying aside that title should be called the Primates and Metrapolitanes of all England Before the Rode of Margat lie the dangerous shelfes or flats of sand whereof the greatest is called Goodwin sand Douer is a Port of old very commodious but now lesse safe onely it is more famous for the short cut to Callis in France The Towne Rumney one of the fiue Portes in our Grand-fathers time lay close vpon the Sea but now is almost two miles distant from the same 11 Glocestershire was of old inhabited by the Dobuni William of Malmesbury writes that this County is so fertile in Corne and fruites as in some places it yeelds a hundreth measures of graine for one sowed but Camden affirmes this to bee false The same Writer affirmes that the very high waies are full of Appell trees not planted but growing by the nature of the soyle and that the fruits so growing are better then others planted both in beauty taste and lasting being to be kept a whole yeere from rotting He adds that it yeelded in his time plenty of Vines abounding with Grapes of a pleasant taste so as the wines made thereof were not sharpe but almost as pleasant as the Fench wines which Camden thinkes probable there being many places still called Vineyards and attributes it rather to the Inhabitants slothfulnesse then to the fault of the Ayre or soyle that it yeeldes not wine at this day Tewkesbury is a large and faire Towne hauing three Bridges ouer three Riuers and being famous for making of woollen cloth for excellent mustard and a faire Monastery in which the Earles of Glocester haue their Sepulchers The City of Glocester is the cheefe of the County through which the Seuerne runnes and here are the famous Hils of Cotswold vpon which great flockes of sheepe doe feede yeelding most white wooll much esteemed of all Nations Circester is an ancient City the largenesse whereof in old time appeares by the ruines of the wals The Riuer Onse springeth in this County which after yeeldes the name to the famous Riuer Thames falling into it 12 Oxfordshire also was inhabited by the Dobuni a fertile County the plaines whereof are bewtified with meadowes and groues the hils with woods and not onely it abounds with corne but with all manner of cattle and game for hunting and hawking and with many Riuers full of fish Woodstocke Towne is famous for the Kings House and large Parke compassed with a stone wall which is said to haue been the first Parke in England but our Progenitors were so delighted with hunting as the Parkes are now growne infinite in number and are thought to containe more fallow Deere then all the Christian World besides Histories affirme that Henry the second for his Mistris Rosamond of the Cliffords house did build in his house here a labyrinth vnpassable by any without a threed to guide them but no ruines thereof now remaine The Towne itselfe hath nothing to boast but that Ieffry Chancer the English Homer was borne there Godstowe of old a Nunnery is not farre distant where Rosamond was buried Oxford is a famous Vniuersity giuing the name to the County and was so called of the Foorde for Oxen or of the Foorde and the Riuer Onse 13 Buckinghamshire was of old inhabited by the Cattienchiani which Camden thinks to be the Cassei and it hath a large and pleasant towne called Ailsbury which giues the name to the Valley adioyning The city Buckingham is the chiefe of the County and the Towne of Stonystratford is well knowne for the faire Innes and stately Bridge of stone 14 Bedfordshire had the same old inhabitants and hath the name of Bedford the chiefe Towne 15 Hertfordshire had the same old inhabitants and the chiefe Towne is Hertford In this County is the stately house Thibaulds for building Gardens and Walks Saint Albons is a pleasant Towne full of faire Innes 16 Midlesex County was of old inhabited by the Trinobants called Mercij in the time of the Saxon Kings In this County is the Kings stately pallace Hamptencourt hauing many Courtyards compassed with sumptuous buildings London the seate of the Brittans Empire and the Chamber of the Kings of England is so famous as it needes not bee praysed It hath Colledges for the studie of the municiple Lawes wherein liue many young Gentlemen Students of the same The little citie Westminster of old more then a mile distant is now by faire buildings ioyned to London and is famous for the Church wherein the Kings and Nobles haue stately Sepulchers and for the Courts of Iustice at Westminster Hall where the Parliaments are extraordinarily held and ordinarily the Chancerie Kings Bench with like Courts Also it hath the Kings stately Pallace called Whitehall to which is ioyned the Parke and house of Saint Iames. The Citie of London hath the sumptuous Church of Saint Paul beautified with rich Sepulchers and the Burse or Exchange a stately house built for the meeting of Merchants a very sumptuous and wonderfull Bridge built ouer the Thames rich shops of Gold-smiths in Cheapeside and innumerable statelie Pallaces whereof great part lye scattered in vnfrequented lanes 17 Essex County had of old the same inhabitants and it is a large Teritorie yeelding much Corne and Saffron enriched by the Ocean and with pleasant Riuers for fishing with Groues and many other pleasures It hath a large Forrest for hunting called Waltham Forrest Chensford is a large and faire Towne neere which is New-Hall the stately Pallace of the Rateliffes Earles of Sussex Colchester is a faire City pleasantly seated well inhabited and beautified with fifteene Churches which greatly flourished in the time of the Romans Harewich is a safe Hauen for ships Saffron Walden is a faire Towne the fields whereof yeeld plenty of Saffron whereof it hath part of the name 18 The County of Suffolke was of old inhabited by the Iceni and it is large the soile fertile pleasant in groues and rich in pastures to fat Cattle where great quantity of Cheese is made and thence exported Saint Edmondsberry vulgarly called Berry is a faire Towne and so is Ipswich hauing stately built Churches and houses and a commodious Hauen 19 The County of Norfolke had of old the same Inhabitants and it is a large almost all Champion Countrey very rich and abounding with sheepe and especially with Conies fruitfull and most populous The City Norwich chiefe of the County deserues to be numbered among the chiefe Cities of England for the riches populousnesse beauty of the Houses and the faire building of the Churches Yarmouth is a most faire Towne fortified
by nature and diligent Art and hath a very faire Hauen Vpon the bay which Ptolomy names AEstuarium Metaris vulgarly called the Washes lieth the large Towne of Linne famous for the safety of the Hauen most easie to be entred for the concourse of Merchants and the faire buildings 20 Cambridgeshire had of old the same Inhabitants and consists all of open corne fields excepting some places yeelding Saffron and it giues excellent Barly of which steeped till it spring againe they make great quantity of Mault to brew Beere in such quantity as the Beere is much exported euen into forraigne parts and there highly esteemed Cambridge is a famous Vniuersity seated vpon the Riuer Grant by others called Came of which and the Bridge ouer the same it is called Cambridge The Northerne part of this County consists of Ilands greene and pleasant in Summer but all couered with water in the Winter whereof the cheefe called Ely giues the name to all the rest called as if they were but one Iland the I le of Ely the cheefe Towne whereof called also Ely is famous for being the seate of a Bishop 21 Hunting donshire had of old the same Inhabitants the cheefe Towne whereof is Huntingdon 22 Northamptonshire was of old inhabited by the Coritani and is a Countrey most painefully tilled and full of Inhabitants Northampton is the cheefe City large and walled Peterborow is the seate of a Bishop Neere Stamford is the stately Pallace Burleigh built by William the first Lord Burleigh 23 Leycestershire had of old the same Inhabitants a Champion Country and fruitfull in bearing Corne. In Lutterworth a little Towne of Trade Iohn Wickliffe was Pastor or Minister Leicester the cheefe City hath more antiquitie then beauty 24 Rutlandshire had of old the same Inhabitants and is the least County of England and had the name of the red Earth The Towne of Vppingham deserues no other mention then that it is the cheefe Towne of the County 25 Linconshire had of old the same inhabitants and is a very large County rich in Corne and Pastures and abounding with Fowle and Fish and all things necessary for foode The great Washes of Holland when the Sea flowes are couered with water but when it ebbes the ground is discouered to be passed but not without danger and with a good guide Lincolne the chief City was of old one of the most populous Cities of England and one that had greatest trade and hath a sumptuous Cathedral Church 26 Nottinghamslire had of old the same inhabitants the chiefe City whereof is Nottingham pleasantly seated In the Westerne part is the Wood called Shirewood feeding infinit numbers of Fallow and Red Deare whether the Kings of old were wont to retire for hunting 27 Darbyshire had of old the same inhabitants the chiefe towne whereof is Darby faire and well inhabited the Ayle whereof is for goodnesse prouerbially preferred before that kind of drinke in any other Towne The Westerne part hath high Mountaines called Peake yeelding Leade which they make into Sowes and stibium in his proper vaines is there found Likewise there Mil-stones are out out and there is the old Castle called the Castle in the Peake neare which is a great hole or caue in the Mountaine gaping wide and hauing many inward caues and this hole with reueuerence be it spoken is vulgarly called The Diuels ars at Peuke of which many fables are told and the place is accounted among the miracles of England The like fables are told of 〈◊〉 hole not farre distant very steepe and deepe 28 Warwickshire was of old inhabited by the Cornauij wherein is Couentry a large faire and walled Citie so called of the Couent of Monkes and at this day it is the fairest City within-land wherof the chiefe trade of old was making round caps of wooll but the same being now very little vsed the trade is decaied Warwick is the chiefe City of the County and neare the same vpon the hill Blacklow Peter of Gaueston was beheaded by the Lords of the Kingdome Not farre thence is a transparant and pleasant but little Wood and there be cleare Fountaines which place yeelds sweete solitude for the Muses and there they report that the famous worthy Guy of Warwick after many aduentures atchieued did first liue an Heremites life and was after death buried 29 Worcestershire had of old the same inhabitants which after in the time of Beda were called Wiccij either of wic signifying a corner or bay or of wyches signifying 〈◊〉 in the Saxons tongue And there are excellent salt-pits or Brookes and new fountaines of salt are daily found The Country is happy in the healthfull ayre tertility of soile and sweete Riuers but especially yeeldeth abundance of Peares of which they make Perry a counterfeit wine but cold and flatuous as all those kinds of drinke are Worcester the chiefe City of the County was built by the Romans and is compassed with a wall and hath the seate of a Bishop and a faire Cathedrall Church with the Monuments of Iohn King of England and Arthur Prince of Wales It is also beautified with many inhabitants rich trade of wollen cloth faire buildings and the number of Churches 30 Staffordshire had of old the same inhabitants and towards the South it hath pit-coales and some vaines of Iron but the greatest quantitie and best kind of pit-coales is in Nottinghamshire Stone is a Towne of Traffike Lichfeild is a large and faire City so called as the field of dead bodies and it is beautified with the seate of a Bishop his Pallace and the house of the Prebends My selfe passing that way did reade these Epitaphes in the Cathedrall Church The first of a Deane Sis testis Christe quod non iacet hic lapis iste Corpus vt ornetur sed spirittus vt memoretur O Christ me witnesse beare that this stone lies not here To grace the vile body but the soules memorie And another excellent Epitaph but superstitious and I know not whose Quisquis eris qui transieris sta perlege plora Sum quod eris fuer amque quod es pro me precor ora Who ere thou be that passest by stand reade and houle Such shalt thou be I was like thee pray for my soule Yet I remember not well whether these were two Epitaphes or onely one and for one man 31 Shropshire had of old the same inhabitants and was a fortified and manned frontyer against the Welsh then diuided from the English and their enemies and thereupon was named the Marches Ludlow is a Towne of more beauty then antiquity beautified with the Pallace of the King or rather of the Prince of Wales and there is a Counsell or Court of Iustice erected for Wales the borders not vnlike to the French Parliaments and instituted by Henry the eight It consists of the President of Wales there residing of a Secretary an Atturney a Solicitor and foure Iustices of the Counties of Wales and as many Counsellers as
owne troopes were like to spoile these Countries and our men sent to Loughfoyle should plant themselues with more case shortly be able to spoile both Tyrone and Odonnels Country For Lemster a thousand foot and a hundred horse were to draw into Ophalia to build vp the Togher to victuall the Fort of Phillipstone and to spoile the Connors Macgoghegans Omoloyes and Mac Coghlins This done it was concluded these forces should passe into Leex thereto attend direction or if that passage were difficult then to returne the way they went and by the way to send for further direction And to further the last prosecution the O Carrols were commanded at the same time to innade the Omoloyes and the Lord of Delain and Sir Francis Shane were to meet and ioyne with the Lord Dunkellin in Mac Coghlins Countrey and thereto inuade the neighbour Rebels The third of Aprill the Lord Deputy aduertised Master Secretary that the Queene had few Subiects in Ireland of any sort who had not either some kinde of intelligence with Tyrone or had not framed their hearts that way whereof the whole Pale made sufficient ouerture by a petition lately deliuered and by their contestation at the Counsell Table That the old Earle of Clanrickard at Tyrones going into Mounster had taken day with him till May next to declare himselfe on that party But that the Lord of Dunkellin his eldest soone hated by his younger brother whom the father esteemed much aboue him gaue him great confidence of his firme alleagiance who supecting his fathers disposition that way had taken occasion by repairing to Dublin and after going for England to put himselfe as a gage and bridle to his fathers proceedings Concluding that 〈◊〉 the Lord Deputy had taken order for securing the Castle of Athlone but that all his hope of keeping the Prouince of Connaght in obedience was in the Lord of Dunkellins honesty Neither was the Lord Deputy deceiued in this worthy Lord who 〈◊〉 during his fathers life so from his death happening within few moneths to the end of the warre serued the Queene as nobly valiantly and faithfully as any nobleman or gentleman in the army The Lord Deputy explaned the danger of the Irish Commanders and Companies yet for the time shewed the remedy to be more dangerous then the disease protesting that her Maiesty could not take a more unprofitable way to satisfie the Irish sutors then by giuing them Companies His Lordship further aduertised Master Secretary that vpon Tyrones retiring out of Mounster into the North in manner of a fearefull flight he the Lord Deputy had 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In the Earle of Ormond such Companies as were not appointed for Mounster and vpon their arriuall to Athye had sent Sir Richard Moryson to take possession of the gouernement of Leau and Sir Oliuer Lambert to leade and bring backe the forces sent with victuals to relieue the Fort called Mariabourg of Queene Mary seituate in Leax otherwise called the Queenes County which fort being before in extreame 〈◊〉 now he had supplied for three moneths That he had imployed Brimingham who had about that time submitted himselfe to the Queenes mercy to put in some Cowes into the Fort of Ophaly That he purposed to prosecute the Rebels in Lemster with one thousand foote and a hundred horse and to lodge the rest in garrisons vpon the North so as on the sudden he might diuert Tyrone from resisting our present plantation at Loughfoyle That hee would presently send a thousand old souldiers from Dublyn to Loughfoyle and likewise with them such as were to lie in garrison at Ballishannon vnder the command of Sir Matthew Morgan but that for some difficulties they could not yet be setled there yet lying at Loughfoyle in the meane time might doe seruice and alwaies be ready to be sent thither That Tyrones confederates were discouraged at his fearefull retreat into the North which could not haue beene greater if he had beene broken with an Army For after an vnreasonable dayes march hearing of the Lord Deputies drawing towards him within one houre of his sitting downe he did presently rise againe at seuen a clocke in the night and being assaulted by some of our scattered bands still marched leauing to the sword as many of his men as were ingaged and leauing or leesing all his carriages so as now almost euery day the heads of some rebels or others were sent him and many seruices were of late done as therecouery of a prey by the garrison at the Naas with the killing of many Rebels and the defeat of one hundred and forty Rebels by Sir Francis Shane whereof forty fiue were killed and of them some foureteene with his owne hand And the Rebels of Lemster daily made meanes to be receiued to mercy Onely the Townes were the stores of the Rebels and stood so saucily vpon their priuiledges as a sharpe rod and strong hand were requisite to amend them For which cause his Lordship aduised that the Castle of Lymerik might be repaired to bridle that Town which seemed of more importance then any other City of that Kingdome whatsoeuer That the dispairing rebels were by Tirones cunning raised to some hopes by two ships lately come into the North out of Spaine which brought the rebels some munition and either assurance of great and present succours or Tyrone at least so vsed their comming to his purpose as the rebels beleeued such aussrance was giuen Besides many Priests came in those ships of which one termed himselfe the Popes Legat and Leger Ambassadour for the King of Spaine and Archbishop of Dublin giuing out that he was content to suffer death if he preached not in Dublyn before Michaelmas day Whereupon the Rebels beganne to auow themselues the King of Spaines subiects and onely the expectation of Loughfoyle garrison together with the doubt of these succours kept the very Pale from the boldnes to professe the same Lastly his Lordship vehemently complained that her Maiesty by absolute command disposed of charges in that Kingdome so as he could neither pleasure his owne friends nor reward her Maiesties best seruants yea that hauing already giuen the gouernement of Leax to Sir Richard Moryson a friend whom he confessed especially to loue and whom he would vndertake to beas worthy in his profession as any of his time or any the Queene had in that Kingdome now by the Lords Letters signifying her Maiesties pleasure he was forced to his friends and his owne disgrace to conferre the place on another and in conclusion besought her Maiesty in such recommendations to leaue them somewhat to his choice promising to execute them or else to yeeld great reason to the contrary The sixth of Aprill the Lord Deputy aduertised Master Secretary that the Earle of Ormond was gone from Dublyn to his Country hauing made great complements of affection to her Maiesties seruice yet it was apparant that either he was growne weaker in iudgement or worse affected to the Queenes seruice then
next day were sent to Corke This night Sir Iohn Barkeley went out with some three hundred foot hauing with him Captaine Flower Captaine Morris and Captaine Bostocke and fell into the Spaniards trenches and did beate them to the Towne fell into the gate with them and killed and hurt aboue twenty of the Spaniards hauing but three hurt of our men Hitherto we lodged in Cabbins so as it rained vpon vs in our beds and when we changed our shirts The sixe and twenty the Army dislodged and incamped on an hill on the North-side before Kinsale called the Spittle somewhat more then musket shot from the Towne and there intrenched strongly When we fat downe we discouered that the Spaniards had gotten a prey of two hundred or three hundred Cowes and many sheepe which were in an Iland as it seemed vpon the South-east side of the Towne beyond the water which wee could not passe but by going eight or nine mile about where there was a necke of land to goe into it Captaine Taffe being sent with horse and foot vsed such expedition in that businesse as he attained the place before night and 〈◊〉 hot skirmish recouered the prey saue onely some twenty Cowes that the Spaniards had killed although they were vnder the guard of a Castle called Castle Ny Parke which the Spaniards had in possession The disposall of the whole Army in Ireland the seuen and twentieth of October 1601. Left at Loughfoyle Sir Henry Dockwra 50. Sir Iohn Bolles 50. Horse 100. Sir Henry Dockwra 200. Sir Matthew Morgan 150. Captaine Badby 150. S r Iohn Bolles 150. Captaine Erington 100. Captaine Vaughan 100. Captaine Bingley 150. Captaine Coach 100. Captaine Basset 100. Captaine Dutton 100. Captaine Floyde 100. Captaine Oram 100. Captaine Alford 100. Captaine Pinner 100. Captaine Winsor 100. Captaine Sydley 100. Captaine Atkinson 100. Captaine Digges 100. Captaine Brooke 100. Captaine Stafford 100. Captaine Orrell 100. Captaine Letgh 100. Captaine Sidney 100. Captaine Gower 150. Captaine Willes 150. Captaine W. N. 100. Foote 3000. Horse left at Carickfergus Sir Arthur Chichester Gouernour 50. Captaine Iohn Iephson 100. Horse 150. Foote left at Carickfergus Sir Arthur Chichester Gouernour 200. Sir Foulke Conway 150. Captaine Egerton 100. Captaine Norton 100. Captaine Billings 150. Captaine Phillips 150. Foote 850. Foote left in Lecale Sir Richard Moryson the Gouernours Company vnder his Lieutenant himselfe attending the Lord Deputy at Kinsale 150. Horse left in Northerne Garrisons At the Newrie Sir Francis Stafford 50. At Mount Norreys Sir Samuel Bagnol 50. Horse 100. Foote in the North Garrisons At the Newrye Sir Francis Stafford 200. At Dundalke Captaine Freckleton 100. At Carlingford Captaine Hansard 100. At Mount Norreys Captaine Atherton 100. At Arinagh Sir Henrie Dauers vnder his Lieutenant himselfe being at Kinsale 150. At Blackwater Captaine Thomas Williams 150. Foote 800. Horse left in the Pale and places adioyning In Kilkenny the Earle of Ormond 50. In Kildare the Earle of Kildare 50. In West-meath the Lord of Dunsany 50. In Lowth Sir Garret Moore 25. Horse 175. Foote in the Pale At Kilkenny the Earle of Ormond 150. Captaine Iohn Masterson 100. Captaine Thomas Butler 100. At Carlogh Sir Christopher Saint Laurence 150. Sir Francis Shane 100. Sir Tilbot Dillon 100. Sir Edward Fitz Garret 100. Sir Henrie Harington 100. Sir Richard Greame 100. At the Nasse Sir Laurence Esmond 150. In Ophalia Sir George Bourcher 100. Sir Edwird Harbert 100. Sir Henrie Warren 100. In Leax Fort Sir Francis Rush 150. To be placed by the Counsell at Dublin Sir Henrie Power vnder his Lieutenant himselfe being at Kinsale 150. Sir Samuel Bagnol 150. Sir William Warren 100. Captaine Guest 150 Captaine Cawfeild 150. At Kildare the Earle of Kildare 100. Captaine Ocarrol in his Countrie 100. At Kelles the Lord of Dunsany 150. In West-meath the Lord of Deluin 150. Captaine Mac Henry 100. At Ardee Sir Garret Meere 100. Captaine N. N. 150. Foote 3150. Horse left in Cònnaght The Earle of Clanrickard 50. Captaine Wayman 12. Horse 62. Foote left in Connaght Sir Oliuer Lambert Gouernour 150. The Earle of Clanrickard 150. Sir Thomas Bourk 150. Captaine Clare 150. Captaine Thomas Bourk 100. Captaine Malbye 150. Captaine Tybbot ne Long 100. Captaine Dauy Bourke 100. A Company void for the Iudges pay 100. Foote 1150. Totall of Horse 587. Totall of Foote 9100. The Lyst of the Army with his Lordship at Kinsale The old Mounster Lyst Sir George Carew Lord President 50. Sir Anthony Cooke 50. Captaine Fleming 25. Captaine William Taffe 50. Horse 175. Foote of the old Lyst The Lord President 150. The Earle of Thomond 150. Lord Barry 100. Lord Audley 150. Sir Charles Wilmot 150. Master Treasurer 100. Captaine Roger Haruey 150. Captaine Thomas Spencer 150. Captaine George Flower 100. Captaine William Saxey 100. Captaine Garret Dillon 100. Captaine Nuse 100. Sir Richard Percy 150. Sir Francis Barkeley 100. Captaine Power 100. A Company for the Earle of Desmonds vse 100. Foote 1950. New Companies sent into Mounster lately which arriued and were put into pay the fourth of September past The Lord President added to his Company 50. The Earle of Thomond added to his Company 50. Sir George Thorneton 100. Captaine Skipwith 100. Captaine Morris 100. Captaine Kemish 100 Captaine North 100. Captaine Owslye 100. Captaine Fisher 100. Captaine Yorke 100. Captaine Hart 100. Captaine Lisle 100. Captaine Rauenseroft 100. Cap. Rich. Hansard 100. Captaine George Greame 100. Captaine Yeluerton 100. Captaine Panton 100. Captaine Cullom 100. Captaine Hobby 100. Captaine Gowen Haruy 100. Captaine Coote 100. Foote 2000. Horse brought from the North and the Pale to Kinsale The Lord Deputies troope 100. Sir Henrie Dauers 100. Master Marshall 50. Sir Christopher Saint Laurence 25. Sir Henrie Harrington 25. Sir Edward Harbert 12. Sir William Warren 25. Sir Richard Greame 50. Sir Oliuer Saint Iohns 25. Sir Francis Rush 12. Captaine George Greame 12. Horse 436. Foote that Sir Iohn Barkeley brought from the borders of Connaght to Kinsale Sir Iohn Barkley 200. Sir Arthur Sauage 150. Sir Oliuer Saint Iohns 200. Sir Iohn Dowdall 100. Captaine Kingsmill 100. Captaine George Blount 100. Captaine Bosteck 100. Foote 950. Foote brought out of the Pale by Master Marshall and from the Northerne Garrisons by Sir Henry Dauers to Kinsale The Lord Deputies Guard 200. Master Marshall 150. Sir Beniamin Berry 150. Sir William Fortescue 150. Sir Iames Fitz-piers 150. Sir Thomas Loftus 100. Sir Henrie Follyet 150. Captaine Edward Blany 150. Captaine Iosias Bodley 150. Captaine Rotheram 150. Captaine Thomas Roper 150. Captaine Roe 150. Captaine Treuer 100. Captaine Ralph Constable 100. Foote 2000. At Kinsale Horse 611. Foote 6900. Totall of the whole Army in Ireland Horse 1198. Foote 16000. Of the sixe thousand nine hundred foote at Kinsale in Mounster one Company of one hundred was conuerted to the Earle of Desmonds vse who was then kept in England and some were placed vpon the borders of the Prouince to bee a stay to the Countrie And all the
old Bands called out of the North the Pale and Connaght were very deficient in number hauing been long worne out in skirmishes 〈◊〉 and sicknesses without any supplies lately sent out of England though much and often desired These sixe thousand nine hundred foote were distributed into Regiments commanded by Colonels as shall appeare at the increase of the List the next moneth The seuen and twentieth day our Artillerie and prouisions sent from Dublin were landed at Oyster Hauen our munition was brought into the Campe and the front of the quarter that faced the Towne and both the 〈◊〉 of our 〈◊〉 were more strongly fortified and the Campe was round about intrenched and all those workes perfected which could not bee done the day before by reason of the foule weather Now the Spaniards held the Castle of Rincorane from their first landing and because it commanded the Harbour of Kinsale so that our shipping could not safely land our prouisions neere the Campe it was thought fit to make the taking thereof our first worke To which purpose Sir Iohn Barkeley Sir William Godolphin and Captaine Iosias Bodley Trench-Master were sent to chuse a fit place to plant our Artillerie against the Castle The 28 day two Coluerings which had not been long vsed were made fit and the next day they were mounted The Spaniards were in the towne foure thousand strong and wee had not many more in the Campe by Pole though our Lyst were more That night the Spaniards issued out of the Towne by water to relieue the Castle but Captaine Buttons ship did beate them backe The thirtieth day the two Culuerings began to batter the Castle but one of them brake in the cauening In the meane time the Spaniards gaue an Alarum to our Campe and drew a demy Canon out of the Towne wherewith they plaied into the Camp killed two with the first shot neere the Lord Deputies tent shot through the next tent of the pay-Master wherein we his Lordships Secretaries did lie brake a barrell of the Pay-Masters money with two barrels of the Lord Deputies beare in the next Cabin and all the shot were made fell in the Lord Deputies quarter and neere his owne tent This night the Spaniards attempted againe to relieue the Castle but Sir Richard Porcy hauing the guard with the Lord Presidents Regiment vnder his command did repulse them The one and thirtieth day the coluering battered the Castle and that morning another culuering a canon being planted they plaied without intermission which while we were busily attending 500 of their principall Spaniards came out of Kinsale with shew to go to relieue Rincorran by land and drew toward a guard we kept betweene Rincorran and the Towne leauing a great grosse for their seconds vnder the walles vnder that colour to giue a safe passage for their boats to the Castle Whereupon diuers broken Companies out of the Regiments in the Campe being all in armes drew voluntarily that way and Sir Oliuer Saint Iohns sent out Captaine Roe his Lieutenant Colonel and Sir Arthur Sauages Lieuienant with one hundred men and seeing them likely to draw on a round skirmish hee himselfe tooke thirtie shot of his owne Companie and went vpto them where he found Captaine Roe and those with him skirmishing with the enemies shot being two hundred and hauing another grosse lying neere the Towne to second them And seeing the Spaniards come vp close with their Pikes to giue a charge he ioyned with Captaine Roe and incountring them did beate them backe to their seconds making them to retire hastily the Spaniards then playing vpon our men with shot from euery house in that part of the Towne In this charge Sir Oliuer Saint Iohn receiued many pushes of the Pike on his Target and with one of them was slightly hurt in the thigh but hee killed a Leader and a common souldier with his owne hand The Lord audley comming vp with his Regiment was shot through the thigh Sir Garret Haruy was hurt in the hand and had his horse killed vnder him Captaine Buttlers Lieutenant was slaine and foure other of our part Sir Arthur Sauages Lieutenant was shot through the body and fourteene other of our part weee hurt The enemie left ten dead in the place besides their hurt men which we apparantly saw to be many and the next day heard to be seuentie by one who saw them brought to the house where their hurt men lay and who reported that eight of them died that night Likewise in this skitmish Iuan Hortesse del Contreres was taken prisoner who had been Serieant Maior of the Forces in Britain and our men got from them diuers good Rapiers and very good Armes All this while our 3 pieces battered the Castle till six of the clock at night when those of the Castle did beate a Drumme which the Lord President whom the Lord Deputie had left there when himselfe in the euening returned to take care of the Camp admitted to come vnto him With the Drum came an Irish man borne at Corke and these in the name of the rest prayed that with their Armes Bagge and Baggage they might depart to Kinsale This the Lord President refused and said hee would not conclude with any but the Commander of the Castle neither had commission to accept any composition but yeelding to her Maiesties mercie Presently they sent another Drumme and a Serieant with him but the Lord President refused to speake with them At their returne the Commander himselfe being an Alfiero or Ensigne called Bartholomeo de Clarizo for the Captaine had his legge broken came vnto the Lord President but insisting on the condition to depart with Armes Bag and Baggage to Kinsale his offer was refused After he was put safe into the Castle wee began afresh the battery and they more hotly then euer before bestowed their vollies of shot on vs. But the first of Nouember at two of the clocke in the morning when they found how the Castle was weakened by the fury of our battery they did againe beare a Drumme for a parley but we refusing it many of them attempted to escape vnder the rocke close to the water side which our men perceiuing drew close vp to the Castle and hindered their escape The first of Nouember earely in the morning the Lord President came to the Campe and made relation of that nights proceedings to the Lord Deputie where it was determined that if they would render the Castle and their Armes vpon promise of life to the Spaniards onely and promise to send them safe into Spaine they should be receiued to mercy which was concluded because the speedie taking of the Castle was of importance to the more easie furnishing vs with all prouisions from that harbour and of reputation to our side as also because we could not enter the breach without losse of good men which we esteemed pretious being no more by Pole in the Campe then the Spaniards in the Towne besieged by vs