the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n asserted_n or_o a_o discourse_n prove_v by_o record_n and_o the_o best_a historian_n that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n be_v ever_o a_o essential_a part_n of_o parliament_n by_o william_n petyt_n of_o the_o inner-temple_n esq_n non_fw-la nulli_fw-la taedio_fw-la investigandae_fw-la veritatis_fw-la cullibet_fw-la opiniâ—â—_n potius_fw-la ignaâ—i_fw-la succambunt_fw-la quam_fw-la explorandâ_fw-la veritati_fw-la pertinaci_fw-la diligentiâ_fw-la perseverare_fw-la volunt_fw-la min._n foelix_fw-la inter_fw-la â—ericula_fw-la veritatis_fw-la &_o libertatis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d london_n print_v for_o f._n smith_n t._n bassett_n j._n wright_n r._n chiswell_n and_o s._n heyrick_n 1680._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a arthur_n earl_n of_o essex_n viscount_n maldon_n baron_n capell_n of_o hadham_n lord_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o county_n of_o hertford_n one_o of_o his_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy-council_n and_o first_o lord_n commissioner_n of_o his_o majesty_n treasury_n my_o lord_n there_o have_v be_v author_n of_o modern_a time_n who_o have_v in_o their_o write_n concern_v the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n publish_v to_o the_o world_n that_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o phrased_a be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_a commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la or_o parliament_n of_o this_o nation_n before_o the_o forty_o nine_o year_n of_o h._n 3._o and_o then_o introduce_v by_o rebellion_n a_o position_n when_o serious_o weigh_v equal_o wound_v the_o peerage_n of_o england_n since_o the_o same_o author_n say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o formal_a summons_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o parliament_n find_v upon_o record_n before_o that_o time_n after_o i_o have_v often_o consider_v so_o great_a a_o point_n and_o have_v often_o read_v of_o the_o freedom_n of_o this_o nation_n that_o no_o englishman_n can_v lose_v his_o right_n or_o property_n but_o by_o law_n the_o life_n and_o soul_n of_o this_o so_o famous_a and_o so_o excellent_o constitute_v government_n the_o best_a polity_n upon_o earth_n which_o when_o unite_v in_o all_o its_o part_n by_o prudent_a council_n make_v always_o the_o people_n happy_a at_o home_n in_o peace_n and_o the_o crown_n ever_o victorious_a abroad_o in_o war_n i_o do_v resolve_v to_o take_v pain_n to_o search_v if_o matter_n thus_o represent_v to_o the_o high_a disadvantage_n and_o prejudice_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n be_v true_a or_o false_a which_o i_o have_v industrious_o and_o impartial_o endeavour_v and_o hope_v with_o that_o clearness_n that_o will_v evidence_n to_o all_o unbiased_a judgement_n the_o unsoundness_n of_o those_o opinion_n when_o i_o have_v so_o do_v be_v unwilling_a my_o labour_n shall_v be_v to_o myself_o alone_o and_o not_o to_o those_o who_o search_v after_o knowledge_n in_o these_o matter_n to_o disabuse_v and_o prevent_v other_o from_o build_n upon_o such_o mistake_v and_o dangerous_a foundation_n i_o think_v it_o not_o unseasonable_a to_o publish_v this_o discourse_n wherein_o there_o be_v no_o record_n cite_v but_o in_o my_o opinion_n equal_o assert_v the_o right_a of_o the_o peer_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o commons_o and_o therefore_o have_v take_v the_o boldness_n to_o send_v it_o into_o the_o world_n under_o your_o lordship_n protection_n who_o i_o know_v to_o be_v a_o great_a lover_n of_o truth_n to_o which_o all_o mankind_n ought_v to_o pay_v allegiance_n i_o shall_v have_v have_v great_a satisfaction_n if_o before_o it_o have_v be_v put_v to_o the_o press_n it_o may_v have_v receive_v your_o lordship_n judicious_a correction_n and_o approbation_n who_o knowledge_n and_o industry_n in_o venerable_a antiquity_n and_o all_o other_o useful_a learning_n be_v well_o know_v unto_o the_o world_n but_o this_o happiness_n i_o can_v not_o reasonable_o expect_v your_o lordship_n time_n be_v so_o much_o take_v up_o in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o crown_n whereof_o your_o lordship_n be_v so_o eminent_a and_o so_o great_a a_o pillar_n as_o your_o honourable_a employment_n both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o do_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v i_o most_o humble_o beg_v your_o lordship_n pardon_v for_o my_o presumption_n in_o this_o dedication_n which_o fault_n i_o hope_v may_v be_v extenuate_v by_o the_o relation_n i_o have_v to_o your_o lordship_n in_o my_o profession_n and_o be_v deprive_v of_o other_o mean_n public_o to_o show_v my_o humble_a gratitude_n for_o the_o many_o favour_n your_o lordship_n have_v be_v please_v to_o confer_v upon_o my_o lord_n your_o lordship_n most_o humble_a most_o faithful_a and_o most_o obedient_a servant_n w._n petyt_n the_o preface_n my_o principal_a design_n in_o this_o follow_a discourse_n be_v impartial_o to_o vindicate_v the_o just_a honour_n of_o our_o english_a parliament_n from_o the_o calumny_n and_o reproach_n of_o some_o late_a author_n who_o have_v assert_v 1._o that_o a_o essential_a part_n of_o that_o great_a council_n viz._n the_o commons_o of_o england_n represent_v by_o the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n in_o parliament_n be_v introduce_v and_o begin_v an._n 49_o h._n 3._o by_o rebellion_n 2._o that_o before_o that_o time_n the_o commons_o be_v never_o admit_v to_o have_v any_o vote_n or_o share_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o to_o any_o communication_n in_o affair_n of_o state_n to_o discover_v and_o refute_v the_o unsoundness_n of_o the_o second_o position_n and_o that_o the_o contrary_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v true_a i_o shall_v before_o i_o come_v to_o answer_v the_o first_o consider_v the_o second_o and_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o during_o the_o british_a saxon_a and_o norman_a government_n the_o freeman_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n as_o now_o call_v and_o distinguish_v from_o the_o great_a lord_n be_v pars_fw-la essentialis_fw-la &_o constituens_fw-la a_o essential_a and_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o wittena_n gemot_n commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la or_o parliament_n in_o those_o age_n 1._o under_o the_o british_a government_n the_o briton_n call_v their_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la or_o parliament_n kyfr-ythen_a 34._o then_o because_o their_o law_n be_v therein_o ordain_v and_o upon_o k._n lucius_n his_o letter_n to_o pope_n elutherius_n to_o send_v he_o the_o roman_a law_n the_o pope_n who_o can_v not_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o constitution_n and_o frame_n of_o the_o british_a polity_n write_v back_o to_o he_o habetis_fw-la penes_fw-la vos_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la 〈◊〉_d utramque_fw-la paginam_fw-la ex_fw-la illis_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la per_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la vestri_fw-la sum_n legem_fw-la &_o per_fw-la illam_fw-la dei_fw-la potentia_fw-la vestrum_fw-la rege_fw-la britanniae_fw-la regnum_fw-la but_o what_o their_o law_n and_o particular_a government_n be_v be_v very_o uncertain_a by_o reason_n that_o scripta_fw-la patriae_fw-la as_o gildas_n say_v scriptorumve_fw-la monumenta_fw-la si_fw-la quae_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aut_fw-la ignibus_fw-la hostium_fw-la exusta_fw-la aut_fw-la civium_fw-la exulum_fw-la class_n longius_fw-la deportata_fw-la non_fw-la comparent_fw-la the_o history_n of_o our_o country_n if_o there_o be_v any_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v be_v either_o burn_v by_o the_o enemy_n or_o carry_v beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o banish_a briton_n yet_o this_o be_v certain_a and_o not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o 〈◊〉_d their_o elder_a time_n the_o people_n or_o freemen_n have_v a_o great_a share_n in_o their_o public_a council_n and_o government_n for_o dion_n cassius_n basiliae_fw-la or_o xipniline_n out_o of_o he_o in_o the_o life_n of_o severus_n assure_v we_o apud_fw-la hos_fw-la i._n e._n britannos_fw-la populus_fw-la magna_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la principatum_fw-la tenet_fw-la 2._o under_o the_o saxon_a government_n it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o that_o the_o saxon_n who_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n bring_v with_o they_o their_o country_n law_n and_o government_n and_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o essential_a and_o constituent_a part_n of_o their_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la tacitus_n tell_v we_o de_fw-fr minoribus_fw-la rebus_fw-la principes_fw-la consultant_fw-la de_fw-la majoribus_fw-la omnes_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la ut_fw-la ea_fw-la quoque_fw-la quorum_fw-la penes_fw-la plebem_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la principes_fw-la praetractentur_fw-la after_o the_o saxon_a government_n become_v unite_v and_o fix_v under_o a_o sole_a christian_a monarch_n they_o still_o continue_v and_o keep_v their_o ancient_a wittena_n gemot_n or_o parliament_n as_o now_o phrased_a wherein_o they_o make_v law_n and_o manage_v the_o great_a affair_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o platform_n of_o their_o ancestor_n many_o authority_n may_v be_v give_v to_o evidence_n this_o i_o will_v instance_n in_o three_o or_o four_o 1._o then_o we_o have_v that_o famous_a 126._o parliament_n summon_v by_o king_n ethelbert_n an._n 605._o which_o my_o author_n call_v commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la 2._o about_o the_o year_n 712._o 219._o king_n ina_n assemble_v a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n wherein_o he_o
make_v ecclesiastical_a law_n concern_v marriage_n etc._n etc._n and_o do_v other_o thing_n ad_fw-la concordiam_fw-la publicam_fw-la promovendam_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la omnium_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la procerum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la sapientum_fw-la seniorum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la 3._o and_o we_o read_v elsewhere_o 1._o that_o the_o grand_a league_n and_o union_n between_o the_o briton_n saxon_n and_o pict_n be_v conclude_v and_o confirm_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la omnium_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la procerum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la sapientum_fw-la seniorum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la &_o per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la inae_fw-la 4._o anno_fw-la dom._n 905._o plegmundus_n 75._o cantuar._n archiepiscopus_fw-la unacum_fw-la rege_fw-la magnifico_n cognominato_fw-la edwardo_n seniore_fw-la concilium_fw-la magnum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la in_o provincia_n gewisorum_n in_o illa_fw-la parte_fw-la angliae_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o plaga_fw-la australi_fw-la sita_fw-la est_fw-la fluminis_fw-la thamesis_n convocant_fw-la etc._n etc._n unde_fw-la salubriter_fw-la constitutum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la synodo_fw-la ut_fw-la 〈◊〉_d pro_fw-la duobus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la quorum_fw-la unus_fw-la wintoniae_fw-la alter_fw-la sireburniae_fw-la sedem_fw-la habuit_fw-la quinque_fw-la crearentur_fw-la antistites_fw-la ne_fw-la grex_fw-la domini_fw-la pastorum_fw-la cura_fw-la orbatus_fw-la luporum_fw-la lanienae_fw-la &_o voracitati_fw-la subjicerentur_fw-la and_o there_o be_v several_a other_o law_n then_o make_v william_n of_o malmsbury_n 24._o express_v the_o saxon_a wittena_n gemott_n thus_o generalis_fw-la senatus_n &_o populi_n conventus_fw-la &_o edictum_fw-la sir_n henry_n spelman_n convenere_fw-la 261._o regni_fw-la principes_fw-la tam_fw-la episcopi_fw-la quam_fw-la magistratus_fw-la liberique_fw-la homines_fw-la consulitur_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la salute_n the_o pace_n &_o bello_fw-la &_o de_fw-la utilitate_fw-la publica_fw-la promovenda_fw-la camden_n thus_o quod_fw-la saxones_n 63._o olim_fw-la wittena_n gemot_n nos_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la &_o pananglicum_fw-la recte_fw-la dici_fw-la possit_fw-la summamque_fw-la &_o sacrosanctam_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o legibus_fw-la ferendis_fw-la confirmandis_fw-la antiquandis_fw-la interpretandis_fw-la &_o in_fw-la omnibus_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la salutem_fw-la spectant_fw-la and_o so_o we_o find_v edward_n the_o confessor_n reform_v and_o confirm_v the_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n and_o make_v new_a one_o and_o that_o do_v à _fw-la rege_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o 139._o populo_fw-la as_o particular_o in_o the_o law_n de_fw-fr apibus_fw-la how_o tithe_n ought_v to_o be_v pay_v of_o they_o and_o other_o thing_n hence_o it_o be_v apparent_a and_o past_a all_o contradiction_n that_o the_o commons_o in_o those_o age_n be_v a_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o legislative_a power_n in_o make_v and_o ordain_v law_n by_o which_o themselves_o and_o their_o posterity_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v and_o that_o 237._o the_o law_n be_v then_o the_o golden_a metwand_n and_o rule_n which_o measure_v out_o and_o allow_v the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o when_o obstruct_v or_o deny_v to_o either_o make_v the_o kingdom_n deform_v and_o leprous_a that_o great_a monarch_n aethelstan_n in_o his_o prologue_n to_o his_o law_n make_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la thus_o declare_v and_o admit_v ea_fw-la mihi_fw-la vos_fw-la tantummodo_fw-la 841._o comparatis_fw-la velim_fw-la quae_fw-la just_a ac_fw-la legitime_fw-la parare_fw-la possitis_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la mihi_fw-la ad_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la usum_fw-la quicquam_fw-la injust_a acquiri_fw-la cupiverim_fw-la etenim_fw-la cum_fw-la ea_fw-la ego_fw-la vobis_fw-la lege_fw-la vestra_fw-la omne_fw-la benign_a largitus_fw-la sim_fw-la ut_fw-la mea_fw-la mihi_fw-la vos_fw-la itidem_fw-la concedatis_fw-la i_o have_v pass_v over_o the_o danish_a government_n because_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o there_o be_v any_o great_a mutation_n either_o of_o the_o council_n or_o law_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n it_o be_v true_a king_n knute_n obtain_v the_o diadem_n or_o dominion_n of_o england_n but_o it_o be_v as_o true_a he_o do_v not_o govern_v more_fw-mi victoris_fw-la as_o may_v evident_o be_v prove_v 1._o from_o 〈◊〉_d the_o form_n of_o pen_v his_o law_n they_o be_v ordain_v and_o confirm_v cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o decreto_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la word_n of_o a_o large_a comprehension_n 2._o from_o his_o general_a law_n or_o declaration_n of_o right_a to_o the_o english_a thus_o deliver_v to_o we_o by_o a_o faithful_a historian_n william_n of_o 16._o malmesbury_n who_o live_v near_o those_o time_n obtestor_n &_o praecipio_fw-la meis_fw-la consiliariis_fw-la quibus_fw-la regni_fw-la consilia_fw-la credidi_fw-la ne_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la aut_fw-la propter_fw-la meum_fw-la timorem_fw-la aut_fw-la alicujus_fw-la potentis_fw-la personae_fw-la favorem_fw-la aliquam_fw-la injustitiam_fw-la amodò_fw-la consentiant_fw-la vel_fw-la faciant_fw-la pullulare_fw-la in_o omni_fw-la regno_fw-la meo_fw-la praecipio_fw-la etiam_fw-la omnibus_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la &_o praepositis_fw-la universis_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la sicut_fw-la meam_fw-la volunt_fw-la habere_fw-la amicitiam_fw-la aut_fw-la svam_fw-la salutem_fw-la ut_fw-la nulli_fw-la homini_fw-la nec_fw-la diviti_fw-la vel_fw-la pauperi_fw-la vim_o injustam_fw-la inferant_fw-la sed_fw-la omnibus_fw-la tam_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la quam_fw-la ignobilibus_fw-la sit_fw-la fas_fw-la justa_fw-la lege_fw-la potiundi_fw-la à _fw-la qua_fw-la nec_fw-la propter_fw-la favorem_fw-la regium_fw-la nec_fw-la propter_fw-la alicujus_fw-la potentis_fw-la personam_fw-la nec_fw-la propter_fw-la mihi_fw-la congerendam_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la deviant_fw-la quia_fw-la nulla_fw-la mihi_fw-la necessitas_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la iniqua_fw-la exactione_n pecunia_fw-la mihi_fw-la congeratur_fw-la after_o which_o the_o historian_n say_v omnes_fw-la 21._o enim_fw-la leges_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquis_fw-la regibus_fw-la &_o maxim_n ab_fw-la antecessore_fw-la svo_fw-la ethelredo_fw-la latas_fw-la sub_fw-la interminatione_fw-la regiae_n mulctae_fw-la perpetuis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la observari_fw-la praecepit_fw-la in_fw-la quarum_fw-la custodia_fw-la etiam_fw-la nunc_fw-la tempore_fw-la bonorum_fw-la sub_fw-la nomine_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la juratur_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la ille_fw-la statuerit_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la observaverit_fw-la 3._o under_o the_o norman_n king_n william_n the_o first_o though_o william_n the_o conqueror_n get_v the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o england_n and_o introduce_v several_a arbitrary_a law_n as_o new_a tenor_n etc._n etc._n yet_o do_v he_o never_o make_v such_o a_o absolute_a conquest_n nor_o do_v the_o kingdom_n receive_v so_o universal_a a_o change_n as_o our_o english_a modern_a author_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o general_a confederacy_n without_o examination_n of_o truth_n have_v publish_v to_o the_o world_n who_o father_n upon_o this_o revolution_n all_o the_o alteration_n which_o their_o conceit_n or_o fancy_n can_v imagine_v and_o suppose_v thucydides_n 1._o say_v man_n receive_v the_o report_n of_o thing_n though_o of_o their_o own_o country_n if_o do_v before_o their_o time_n all_o alike_o from_o one_o as_o from_o another_o without_o any_o examination_n in_o like_a manner_n have_v those_o our_o historian_n be_v mistake_v by_o transcribe_v and_o patch_v out_o their_o history_n one_o from_o another_o so_o that_o in_o conclusion_n with_o their_o own_o addition_n or_o comment_n truth_n in_o many_o thing_n be_v utter_o lose_v 1._o the_o word_n conquestor_n or_o conqueror_n do_v not_o in_o that_o age_n import_n or_o signify_v what_o our_o late_a author_n by_o flattery_n have_v since_o make_v it_o nor_o do_v it_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o enslave_v of_o the_o nation_n after_o that_o william_n have_v obtain_v the_o victory_n against_o harold_n there_o be_v no_o more_o in_o the_o denomination_n of_o conqueror_n than_o that_o after_o william_n have_v make_v claim_n to_o the_o crown_n from_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o harold_n oppose_v he_o he_o be_v force_v to_o get_v his_o right_n by_o battle_n against_o king_n harold_n and_o as_o to_o the_o word_n conquestus_fw-la or_o conquest_n mat._n paris_n write_v 〈◊〉_d rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la ex_fw-la conquestu_fw-la dicitur_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la beatus_fw-la edwardus_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la haerede_fw-la caruit_fw-la regnum_fw-la legavit_fw-la willielmo_n bastardo_fw-la duci_fw-la normannorum_fw-la sir_n henry_n spelman_n 〈…〉_z in_o his_o glossary_n say_v willielmus_fw-la primus_fw-la conquestor_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quia_fw-la angliam_fw-la conquisivit_fw-la i._n e._n acquisivit_fw-la purchase_v non_fw-la quod_fw-la subegit_fw-la and_o sir_n john_n skene_n clerk_n of_o the_o register_n council_n and_o roll_n to_o king_n james_n in_o scotland_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr verborum_fw-la significatione_n pag._n 39_o write_v conquestus_fw-la signify_v land_n quhilk_n any_o person_n acquiris_fw-la and_o possessis_fw-la privato_fw-la jure_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la titulo_fw-la vel_fw-la donatione_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la aliquo_fw-la contractu_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o learned_a knight_n sir_n roger_n twiâ—den_n who_o well_o understand_v the_o force_n of_o the_o word_n conquestus_fw-la in_o his_o preface_n before_o that_o king_n law_n say_v non_fw-la existimo_fw-la lamberdum_fw-la willielmum_fw-la primum_fw-la de_fw-la omnium_fw-la anglorum_fw-la terris_fw-la ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la svam_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la libitu_fw-la in_o
haereditario_fw-la imperpetuum_fw-la conquest_n per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la tâ—tius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la prâ—diâ—â—i_fw-la from_o all_o which_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v grant_v 1._o that_o this_o statute_n or_o law_n be_v make_v per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la 2._o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o w._n 1._o h._n 1._o king_n stephen_n h._n 2._o and_o king_n john_n the_o last_o of_o which_o say_v nullum_fw-la scutagâ—um_fw-la 257._o uâ—â—â—â—â—xilium_fw-la ponam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la commuâ—â—_n coâ—silium_fw-la regni_fw-la â—â—stri_fw-la the_o same_o in_o substa_fw-la 〈…〉_z with_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o william_n 〈◊〉_d be_v but_o 〈◊〉_d restiâ—â—â—â—on_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n and_o right_n of_o the_o 〈…〉_z kingdom_n and_o no_o law_n introduce_v de_fw-la novo_fw-la or_o force_v upon_o king_n john_n at_o running-mead_n to_o the_o disinberison_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o which_o by_o their_o several_a sacred_a coronation_n oath_n they_o have_v so_o solemn_o swear_v inviolable_o to_o observe_v and_o keep_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o king_n william_n the_o first_o give_v away_o the_o estate_n of_o several_a of_o those_o who_o be_v in_o arm_n against_o he_o to_o his_o adventurer_n and_o follower_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o english_a as_o well_o by_o his_o coronation_n oath_n as_o by_o a_o solemn_a ratification_n of_o st._n edward_n law_n in_o a_o parliament_n in_o his_o 580._o four_o year_n be_v to_o enjoy_v their_o estate_n and_o the_o benefit_n of_o those_o law_n but_o that_o be_v not_o do_v in_o the_o general_n and_o the_o english_a who_o declare_v à _fw-la 523._o majoribus_fw-la didicisse_fw-la aut_fw-la libertatem_fw-la aut_fw-la mortem_fw-la be_v oppress_v by_o the_o king_n and_o norman_n begin_v to_o be_v very_o uneasy_a under_o his_o government_n so_o that_o thing_n be_v bring_v to_o that_o pass_v that_o he_o vehement_o fear_v ne_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la 48._o turpiter_fw-la amitteret_fw-la etiam_fw-la trucidatus_fw-la to_o obviate_v which_o mischiess_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o so_o i_o take_v it_o by_o the_o policy_n of_o lanfrank_a archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n serena_fw-la fancy_n vocavit_fw-la eos_fw-la i._n e._n the_o english_a ad_fw-la pacem_fw-la sed_fw-la subdolam_fw-la who_o meet_v at_o berkhamsted_n post_fw-la multos_fw-la disceptationes_fw-la both_o party_n come_v to_o a_o second-compact_a and_o the_o king_n to_o give_v they_o satisfaction_n reiterated_a his_o coronation_n oath_n and_o swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n and_o relic_n of_o st._n alban_n bonas_fw-la 3â—_n &_o approbatas_fw-la antiquas_fw-la regni_fw-la leges_fw-la quas_fw-la sancti_fw-la &_o pii_fw-la angliae_fw-la reges_fw-la ejus_fw-la antecessores_fw-la &_o maxim_n rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la statuit_fw-la inviolabiliter_fw-la observare_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la pacificati_fw-la ad_fw-la propria_fw-la laeti_fw-la recesserunt_fw-la rex_fw-la autem_fw-la caute_fw-la propositum_fw-la suum_fw-la pallian_n persuade_v many_o of_o the_o principal_a of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n to_o attend_v he_o into_o normandy_n where_o civitatem_fw-la 260._o quae_fw-la cynomannis_fw-la &_o provinciam_fw-la ad_fw-la illam_fw-la pertinentem_fw-la maximo_fw-la anglorum_fw-la auxilio_fw-la quos_fw-la de_fw-fr anglia_fw-it secum_fw-la adduxerat_fw-la sibi_fw-la subjugavit_fw-la the_o rest_n that_o remain_v here_o he_o sudden_o set_v upon_o apà rt_n which_o he_o dare_v not_o attempt_v when_o unite_a multos_fw-la 48._o eorum_fw-la trucidando_fw-la exhaeredando_fw-la &_o quamplures_fw-la proscribendo_fw-la leges_fw-la violans_fw-la memoratas_fw-la &_o spoliatis_fw-la anglis_fw-la pro_fw-la libitu_fw-la ac_fw-la sine_fw-la judicio_fw-la curiali_fw-la depauperatis_fw-la suos_fw-la normannos_fw-la in_o suorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la naturalium_fw-la natalium_fw-la qui_fw-la ipsum_fw-la sponte_fw-la sublimaverunt_fw-la provocationem_fw-la locupletavit_fw-la so_o that_o after_o this_o time_n it_o be_v plain_a he_o bear_v a_o heavy_a hand_n upon_o the_o english_a and_o increase_v his_o severity_n to_o act_n of_o high_a injustice_n and_o barbarous_a cruelty_n and_o so_o give_v occasion_n to_o historian_n in_o future_a age_n to_o say_v that_o when_o he_o come_v in_o he_o total_o subdue_v and_o crush_v the_o nation_n nobility_n and_o gentry_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a power_n he_o take_v we_o meet_v with_o some_o general_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o his_o reign_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o freeman_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n be_v there_o and_o have_v a_o share_n in_o make_v of_o law_n for_o what_o can_v the_o promise_a restitution_n of_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n signify_v if_o their_o wittena_n gemot_n or_o parliament_n the_o augustissimum_fw-la anglicarum_fw-la libertatum_fw-la asylum_n &_o sacra_fw-la anchora_fw-la be_v destroy_v and_o break_v for_o one_o of_o the_o fundamental_a and_o principal_a end_n of_o parliament_n be_v for_o the_o redress_n of_o grievance_n and_o ease_v the_o oppression_n of_o the_o people_n the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n a_o ancient_a 9_o and_o learned_a treatise_n of_o the_o law_n say_v that_o parliament_n be_v institute_v pur_fw-mi oyer_n &_o terminer_n les_fw-fr plaint_n de_fw-fr tort_fw-fr de_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr roigne_n &_o de_n lour_v infans_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr specialment_n de_fw-fr queux_fw-fr tort_v lun_fw-fr ne_fw-fr poet_n aver_v autrement_fw-fr common_a droit_fw-fr to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o complaint_n of_o the_o wrongful_a act_n of_o the_o king_n the_o queen_n and_o their_o child_n and_o especial_o of_o those_o person_n against_o who_o the_o subject_n otherwise_o can_v not_o have_v common_a justice_n and_o knighton_n one_o of_o 2._o our_o best_a historian_n write_v quod_fw-la ex_fw-la antiquo_fw-la statuto_fw-la &_o consuetudine_fw-la laudabili_fw-la &_o approbata_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o by_o a_o ancient_a statute_n and_o custom_n laudable_a and_o approve_a which_o no_o man_n can_v deny_v the_o king_n be_v once_o in_o the_o year_n to_o convene_v his_o lord_n and_o commons_o to_o his_o court_n of_o parliament_n as_o to_o the_o high_a court_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n in_o qua_fw-la omnis_fw-la aequitas_fw-la relucere_fw-la deberet_fw-la absque_fw-la qualibet_fw-la scrupulositate_fw-la vel_fw-la nota_fw-la tanquam_fw-la sol_fw-la in_o ascensu_fw-la meridiei_fw-la ubi_fw-la pauperes_fw-la &_o divites_fw-la pro_fw-la refrigerio_fw-la tranquilliratis_fw-la &_o pacis_fw-la &_o repulsione_n injuriarum_fw-la refugium_fw-la infallibile_fw-la quaerere_fw-la possent_fw-la ac_fw-la etiam_fw-la errata_fw-la regni_fw-la reformare_fw-la &_o de_fw-la statu_fw-la &_o gubernation_n regis_n &_o regni_fw-la cum_fw-la sapientiori_fw-la concilio_n tractare_fw-la ut_fw-la inimici_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la intrinseci_fw-la &_o host_n extrinseci_fw-la destruantur_fw-la &_o repellantur_fw-la qualiter_fw-la quoque_fw-la onera_fw-la incumbentia_fw-la regi_fw-la &_o regno_fw-la levius_fw-la ad_fw-la ediam_fw-la communitatis_fw-la supportari_fw-la poterunt_fw-la in_o which_o court_n all_o equity_n ought_v to_o shine_v forth_o without_o the_o least_o cloud_n or_o shadow_n like_o the_o sun_n in_o its_o meridian_n glory_n where_o poor_a and_o rich_a refresh_v with_o peace_n and_o ease_n of_o their_o oppression_n may_v always_o find_v infallible_a and_o sure_a refuge_n and_o succour_n the_o grievance_n of_o the_o kingdom_n redress_v and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o king_n and_o government_n of_o the_o realm_n debate_v with_o wise_a council_n the_o domestic_a and_o foreign_a enemy_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n destroy_v and_o repel_v and_o to_o consider_v how_o the_o charge_n and_o burden_n of_o both_o may_v be_v sustain_v with_o more_o ease_n to_o the_o people_n but_o to_o return_v an._n d._n 1070._o which_o be_v in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o year_n of_o william_n the_o i._o at_o a_o general_n council_n or_o parliament_n lanfranc_n be_v choose_v archbishop_n 5._o of_o canterbury_n eligentibus_fw-la eum_fw-la senioribus_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la ac_fw-la principibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o assumptione_n sanctae_fw-la mariae_fw-la another_o author_n relate_v it_o thus_o rex_fw-la mitten_n propter_fw-la 194._o illum_fw-la in_o normanniam_fw-la fecit_fw-la eum_fw-la venire_fw-la in_o angliam_fw-la cui_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o consilio_fw-la omnium_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la omniumque_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o abbatum_fw-la totiusque_fw-la populi_n angliae_fw-la commisit_fw-la ei_fw-la dorobernensem_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la anno_fw-la 1072._o the_o king_n 58â—_n summon_v a_o general_n council_n or_o parliament_n at_o pinneden_n in_o kent_n to_o examine_v and_o determine_v the_o great_a cause_n between_o lanfranc_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o odo_n bishop_n of_o bayeux_n earl_n of_o kent_n because_o the_o first_o libertatem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la cantuariensis_n invaserat_fw-la yet_o judgement_n go_v for_o the_o archbishop_n which_o mr._n selden_n say_v be_v confirm_v totius_fw-la regni_fw-la assensu_fw-la or_o as_o eadmerus_n stipulatione_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o 3._o this_o king_n at_o a_o general_n council_n or_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n the_o king_n by_o his_o charter_n confirm_v the_o liberty_n of_o that_o church_n after_o he_o have_v subscribe_v his_o own_o name_n with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n add_v
nuper_fw-la defuncti_fw-la ut_fw-la animos_fw-la omnium_fw-la in_o svi_fw-la promotionem_fw-la accenderet_fw-la &_o amorem_fw-la ut_fw-la illum_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la susciperent_fw-la &_o patronum_fw-la to_o which_o it_o be_v general_o answer_v that_o if_o he_o with_o a_o willing_a mind_n will_v grant_v and_o by_o his_o charter_n confirm_v to_o they_o illas_fw-la libertates_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la antiquas_fw-la which_o their_o ancestor_n enjoy_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o ipsum_fw-la consentirent_fw-la &_o in_fw-la regem_fw-la unanimiter_fw-la consecrarent_fw-la henry_n willing_o grant_v this_o and_o take_v a_o oath_n that_o he_o will_v perform_v it_o consecratus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la at_o westm._n upon_o lady_n day_n favente_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la and_o so_o forthwith_o he_o be_v crown_v by_o maurice_n bishop_n of_o london_n and_o thomas_n archbishop_n of_o york_n after_o such_o his_o coronation_n he_o grant_v and_o confirm_v to_o the_o nation_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o holy_a church_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o his_o people_n a_o charter_n of_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n the_o charter_n the_o reader_n may_v find_v in_o that_o industrious_a revivor_n and_o restorer_n of_o decay_a and_o forget_v antiquity_n 1213._o mr._n lambard_n as_o also_o in_o matth._n paris_n where_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n baron_n earl_n viscount_n or_o sheriff_n &_o optimates_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la be_v witness_n to_o the_o charter_n and_o that_o at_o the_o coronation_n 3._o of_o the_o king_n those_o law_n be_v make_v de_fw-fr communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la baronum_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la by_o the_o common_a advice_n and_o assent_n of_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n it_o be_v usual_a in_o succeed_a age_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o our_o english_a king_n to_o confirm_v make_v and_o ordain_v law_n de_fw-fr assensu_fw-la baronum_fw-la regni_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n i_o shall_v from_o hence_o observe_v two_o thing_n 1._o that_o these_o law_n be_v grant_v and_o confirm_v assensu_fw-la baronum_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la there_o be_v a_o clear_a difference_n between_o barones_n regis_fw-la and_o barones_n regni_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o very_a bowel_n of_o 176._o those_o law_n and_o elsewhere_o for_o the_o k._n say_v si_fw-la quis_fw-la baronum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o who_o be_v comprehend_v under_o those_o first_o phrase_n mr._n camden_n will_v 61._o tell_v we_o nomine_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la omnes_fw-la quodammodo_fw-la regni_fw-la ordines_fw-la continentur_fw-la and_o so_o the_o commons_o as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o be_v there_o and_o assent_v to_o those_o law_n 2._o clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la universo_fw-it angliae_fw-la congregatis_fw-la we_o read_v king_n stephen_n assensu_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n in_o regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la cotton_n electus_fw-la &_o per_fw-la dominum_fw-la papam_fw-la confirmatus_fw-la 10_o h._n 2._o congregato_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o as_o fitz-stephens_n generali_fw-la concilio_n the_o king_n make_v the_o assize_n or_o statute_n of_o clarendon_n which_o council_n the_o learned_a selden_n call_v a_o full_a sigilli_fw-la parliament_n king_n john_n be_v crown_v mediante_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o favore_fw-la anno_fw-la 50_o h._n 3._o per_fw-la providentiam_fw-la cardinalis_fw-la 57_o mean_v the_o pope_n legate_n apud_fw-la kenilworth_n clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la convocantur_fw-la which_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o that_o year_n thus_o confirm_v the_o king_n a_o le_fw-fr request_n de_fw-fr honourable_a 12._o pier_n sire_n ottobon_n legat_n d'engleterre_fw-fr son_fw-fr parliament_n eust_fw-fr summons_n à _fw-fr kenilworth_n where_o the_o statute_n or_o dictum_fw-la de_fw-fr kenilworth_n be_v make_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o communante_n or_o parliament_n rex_fw-la primo_fw-la postmodum_fw-la 1._o clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la quod_fw-la dictum_fw-la inviolabiliter_fw-la observarent_fw-la thus_o have_v i_o at_o length_n i_o hope_v full_o ascertain_v and_o explain_v the_o historian_n phrase_n clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la and_o prove_v it_o to_o be_v a_o parliament_n from_o the_o pat._n roll_n of_o h._n 3._o yet_o i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o lord_n temporal_a only_a be_v the_o populus_fw-la nor_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a the_o clerus_fw-la for_o i_o agree_v with_o dr._n heylyn_n that_o 189._o there_o be_v no_o record_n either_o of_o history_n or_o law_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o which_o the_o word_n clerus_fw-la serve_v to_o signify_v the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n exclusive_a of_o the_o other_o clergy_n or_o any_o writing_n whatsoever_o wherein_o it_o do_v not_o either_o signify_v the_o whole_a clergy_n general_o or_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n only_o exclusive_a of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n and_o it_o be_v my_o opinion_n as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v find_v that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la follow_v clerus_fw-la be_v thema_fw-la universale_fw-la in_o significando_fw-la and_o comprehend_v as_o well_o the_o commons_o as_o the_o lord_n and_o indeed_o the_o subject_a matter_n of_o the_o historian_n speak_v it_o william_n the_o second_o henry_n the_o first_o king_n stephen_n and_o king_n john_n be_v to_o be_v elect_v and_o create_v king_n of_o england_n have_v no_o hereditary_a right_n it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a then_o and_o according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o precedent_n of_o other_o country_n in_o like_a case_n quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la tangit_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la approbari_fw-la debet_fw-la and_o so_o be_v the_o solemn_a resolution_n of_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o the_o parliament_n 40_o e._n 3._o 78._o that_o neither_o king_n john_n nor_o any_o other_o can_v put_v the_o realm_n or_o people_n of_o england_n into_o subjection_n sanz_fw-fr assent_n de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr without_o their_o assent_n or_o as_o the_o parliament_n 29_o h._n 3._o declare_v 197._o sine_fw-la assensu_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o as_o malmesbury_n say_v in_o vita_fw-la 56._o willielmi_n primi_fw-la absque_fw-la generali_fw-la senatus_n &_o populi_n conventu_fw-la &_o edicto_fw-la but_o now_o to_o close_v the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o i_o will_v out_o of_o that_o excellent_a historian_n matthew_n paris_n transcribe_v the_o anglos_n oration_n or_o speech_n of_o that_o king_n to_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n his_o elder_a brother_n robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n then_o claim_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o ready_a to_o invade_v this_o nation_n with_o a_o great_a force_n the_o speech_n of_o the_o king_n the_o learned_a monk_n thus_o deliver_v to_o we_o magnatibus_fw-la igitur_fw-la regni_fw-la ob_fw-la hoc_fw-la dorso_fw-la londoniam_fw-la edicto_fw-la regio_fw-la convocatis_fw-la rex_fw-la talibus_fw-la alloquiis_fw-la mell_v &_o favum_fw-la oleumque_fw-la mellitis_fw-la &_o mollitis_fw-la blandiens_fw-la dixit_fw-la amici_n &_o fideles_fw-la mei_fw-la indigenae_fw-la ac_fw-la naturales_fw-la nostis_fw-la veraci_fw-la sama_n referente_fw-la qualiter_fw-la frater_fw-la meus_fw-la robertus_fw-la electus_fw-la &_o per_fw-la deum_fw-la vocatus_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la hierosolymitanum_n foeliciter_fw-la gubernandum_fw-la &_o quam_fw-la frontosè_fw-la illud_fw-la infoeliciter_fw-la refutaverit_fw-la merito_fw-la propterea_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la reprobandus_fw-la nostis_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o multis_fw-la aliis_fw-la superbiam_fw-la &_o ferocitatem_fw-la illius_fw-la quia_fw-la vir_fw-la bellicosus_fw-la pacis_fw-la impatiens_fw-la est_fw-la vosque_fw-la scienter_fw-la quasi_fw-la contemptibiles_fw-la &_o quos_fw-la desides_fw-la vocat_fw-la &_o glutones_fw-la conculcare_fw-la desiderat_fw-la ego_fw-la vero_fw-la rex_fw-la humilis_fw-la &_o pacificus_fw-la vos_fw-la in_o pace_n in_o antiquis_fw-la vestris_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la prout_fw-la crebrius_fw-la jurejur_fw-la ando_fw-la promisi_fw-la gestio_fw-la confovere_fw-la &_o vestris_fw-la inclinando_fw-la consiliis_fw-la consultius_fw-la ac_fw-la mitius_fw-la more_fw-it mansueti_fw-la principis_fw-la sapienter_fw-la gubernare_fw-la &_o super_fw-la his_o si_fw-la provideritis_fw-la scripta_fw-la subarata_fw-la roborate_v &_o iteratis_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praedicta_fw-la certissime_fw-la confirmare_fw-la omne_fw-la videlicer_n quae_fw-la sanctus_fw-la rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la deo_fw-la inspirante_fw-la providè_fw-la sancivit_fw-la inviolabiliter_fw-la jubeo_fw-la observari_fw-la ut_fw-la mecum_fw-la fideliter_fw-la stantes_fw-la fratris_fw-la mei_fw-la immò_fw-la &_o mei_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la hostess_fw-la cruentissimi_fw-la injurias_fw-la potenter_fw-la animose_n ac_fw-la voluntary_a propulsetis_fw-la si_fw-mi enim_fw-la fortitudine_fw-la anglorum_fw-la roborer_n inane_n normannorum_fw-la minas_fw-la nequaquam_fw-la censeo_fw-la formidandas_fw-la talibus_fw-la igitur_fw-la promissis_fw-la quae_fw-la tamen_fw-la in_o sine_fw-la impudenter_fw-la violavit_fw-la omnium_fw-la corda_fw-la sibi_fw-la inclinavit_fw-la ut_fw-la pro_fw-la ipso_fw-la contra_fw-la quemlibet_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la capitis_fw-la expositionem_fw-la dimicarent_fw-la this_o speech_n to_o i_o be_v another_o strong_a confirmation_n and_o argument_n against_o the_o norman_a conquest_n for_o it_o be_v luce_n clarius_fw-la 1._o that_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o hold_v the_o crown_n jure_fw-la victoris_fw-la 2._o that_o the_o english_a be_v not_o total_o subdue_v and_o destroy_v by_o his_o
learned_a bodin_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o nobility_n and_o the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o province_n and_o ancient_a city_n 3._o the_o portugal_n cortes_n or_o parliament_n 279._o consist_v of_o the_o bishop_n and_o prelate_n the_o nobiles_fw-la majores_fw-la &_o minores_fw-la and_o two_o procurator_n or_o burgess_n from_o every_o city_n who_o have_v a_o deliberative_a voice_n which_o they_o call_v definitive_a 4._o in_o denmark_n pontanus_n say_v 〈…〉_z the_o bishop_n the_o nobility_n &_o civitatum_fw-la delegati_fw-la the_o deputy_n or_o commissioner_n of_o town_n and_o city_n make_v up_o their_o general_n council_n 5._o for_o sweden_n it_o do_v not_o much_o 〈◊〉_d differ_v from_o the_o government_n and_o form_n of_o denmark_n their_o common_a council_n consist_v of_o the_o same_o estate_n and_o degree_n of_o people_n that_o be_v to_o say_v proceres_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o nobility_n episcopi_fw-la &_o ecclesiastici_fw-la civitates_fw-la &_o universitates_fw-la the_o city_n borough_n and_o village_n i_o may_v here_o if_o it_o be_v needful_a show_v how_o great_a a_o share_n and_o interest_n the_o hanze_n or_o free_a town_n in_o germany_n have_v by_o their_o deputy_n in_o all_o age_n have_v in_o the_o diet_n or_o general_n council_n of_o the_o empire_n 6._o but_o now_o at_o last_o we_o be_v come_v to_o scotland_n sir_n john_n skene_n in_o his_o epistle_n scotiae_fw-la dedicatory_a to_o king_n james_n before_o his_o scottish_a law_n write_v thus_o intelligo_fw-la tuas_fw-la tuorumque_fw-la majorum_fw-la leges_fw-la quae_fw-la cum_fw-la legibus_fw-la regni_fw-la tui_fw-la angliae_fw-la magna_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la consentiunt_fw-la and_o then_o in_o his_o book_n show_v that_o willielmus_fw-la cognominatus_fw-la leo_fw-la who_o as_o be_v say_v begin_v to_o reign_v in_o 1105._o and_o reign_v 49._o year_n so_o as_o he_o be_v king_n of_o scotland_n 5_o 10_o of_o our_o henry_n the_o first_o hold_v his_o assize_n or_o parliament_n at_o 7._o perth_n where_o several_a law_n be_v ordain_v to_o the_o observance_n whereof_o episcopi_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la barones_n thani_n &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la tenere_fw-la firmiter_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la king_n alexander_n begin_v to_o reign_v 2._o anno_fw-la 1214._o which_o be_v the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o our_o king_n john_n and_o reign_v 35._o year_n so_o as_o he_o die_v a_o 38_o h._n 3._o he_o make_v his_o law_n de_fw-fr consilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la venerabilium_fw-la patrum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la baronum_fw-la ac_fw-la proborum_fw-la hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o etc._n what_o the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o king_n william_n statute_n and_o the_o probâ—_n homines_fw-la in_o king_n alexander_n be_v the_o league_n make_v between_o the_o french_a king_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n anno_fw-la 28_o e._n 1._o clear_o show_v be_v 1._o ratify_v and_o confirm_v in_o their_o parliament_n per_fw-la johannem_fw-la de_fw-la balliolo_fw-la than_o king_n ac_fw-la praelatos_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la &_o universitates_fw-la &_o communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o villarum_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o the_o constant_a practice_n ever_o since_o have_v be_v that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n have_v send_v their_o proxy_n or_o representative_n to_o the_o parliament_n of_o that_o kingdom_n it_o may_v therefore_o seem_v very_o strange_a that_o when_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n in_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la and_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la be_v ab_fw-la antiquis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la even_o in_o time_n coeval_fw-fr with_o the_o government_n a_o essential_a part_n of_o their_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n that_o england_n shall_v not_o be_v under_o the_o same_o constitution_n be_v but_o descendant_n from_o gaul_n or_o the_o more_o northern_a country_n if_o so_o 1._o be_v it_o because_o in_o the_o britton_n saxon_n and_o norman_a time_n there_o be_v no_o city_n or_o borough_n or_o if_o there_o be_v be_v they_o so_o poor_a and_o inconsiderable_a as_o they_o deserve_v no_o observation_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o state_n or_o 2._o be_v it_o because_o by_o a_o strange_a and_o unheard_a of_o fate_n peculiar_a and_o proper_a only_o to_o they_o they_o be_v not_o fit_a or_o capable_a to_o give_v or_o hear_v reason_n as_o well_o as_o the_o delegate_n or_o representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n of_o france_n spain_n portugal_n denmark_n sweden_n and_o scotland_n or_o 3._o have_v they_o no_o property_n or_o right_n in_o their_o estate_n certain_o in_o my_o opinion_n none_o of_o these_o objection_n can_v be_v admit_v allow_v or_o prove_v for_o in_o the_o briton_n time_n venerable_a 1._o bede_n tell_v we_o erat_fw-la britannia_fw-la viginti_fw-la &_o octo_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la quondam_a nobilissimis_fw-la insignita_fw-la praeter_fw-la castilia_n innumera_fw-la quae_fw-la &_o ipsa_fw-la muris_fw-la turribus_fw-la portis_fw-la ac_fw-la seris_fw-la erant_fw-la instructa_fw-la firmissimis_fw-la nor_o be_v they_o of_o less_o reputation_n in_o the_o saxon_a or_o norman_a time_n when_o they_o be_v think_v so_o necessary_a and_o proper_a for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o govern_v mean_v preservation_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o law_n that_o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o william_n the_o first_o and_o the_o common_a 〈…〉_z council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o no_o market_n or_o fair_a shall_v be_v permit_v to_o be_v hold_v nisi_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la &_o in_fw-la burgis_fw-la ubi_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o jus_fw-la commune_fw-la &_o dignitates_fw-la coronae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la deperiri_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la nec_fw-la defraudari_fw-la nec_fw-la violari_fw-la sed_fw-la omne_fw-la recte_fw-la &_o in_fw-la aperto_fw-la &_o per_fw-la judicium_fw-la &_o justitiam_fw-la fieri_fw-la debent_fw-la etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la tuitionem_fw-la gentium_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la defensionem_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o if_o in_o the_o briton_n time_n the_o nation_n be_v so_o strong_a in_o city_n and_o castle_n sure_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v but_o that_o in_o the_o saxon_a and_o norman_a time_n when_o the_o nation_n become_v to_o be_v more_o civilise_a and_o considerable_a in_o the_o world_n the_o estate_n or_o degree_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n 3._o will_v easy_o part_v with_o these_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n which_o their_o ancestor_n though_o less_o know_v and_o powerful_a do_v claim_v and_o enjoy_v have_v thus_o conclude_v my_o argument_n against_o the_o position_n of_o 49_o h._n 3._o i_o have_v think_v it_o not_o altogether_o impertinent_a to_o add_v some_o brief_a observation_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o ancient_a record_n and_o historian_n in_o their_o various_a lection_n and_o different_a expression_n i_o shall_v therefore_o consider_v 1._o the_o different_a application_n of_o the_o word_n commune_v communitas_fw-la or_o plebs_fw-la 2._o the_o several_a denomination_n by_o which_o our_o ancient_a general_n or_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v express_v 3._o the_o various_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n baro_n and_o that_o under_o the_o phrase_n of_o baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la both_o lord_n and_o commons_o be_v comprehend_v observation_n i._n the_o different_a application_n of_o the_o word_n commune_v communitas_fw-la or_o plebs_fw-la there_o lie_v a_o main_a objection_n 164._o against_o i_o for_o some_o author_n say_v that_o the_o word_n commons_o communitas_fw-la or_o plebs_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v meet_v withal_o in_o any_o ancient_a author_n or_o record_n ab_fw-la ingressu_fw-la willielmi_n primi_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la excessum_fw-la h._n 3._o and_o therefore_o conclude_v they_o be_v never_o a_o part_n of_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la or_o parliament_n before_o 49_o h._n 3._o because_o not_o mention_v eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la admit_v the_o objection_n true_a answer_n which_o i_o conceive_v otherwise_o yet_o it_o be_v no_o conclusive_a argument_n for_o before_o the_o statute_n an._n 3_o r._n 2._o cap._n 3._o 3._o i_o can_v find_v the_o appellation_n of_o lord_n temporal_a nor_o before_o the_o 13_o the_o of_o that_o king_n cap._n 2._o the_o phrase_n lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a in_o our_o 156._o print_a statute_n book_n ergo_fw-la from_o thence_o it_o follow_v by_o a_o necessary_a consequence_n according_a to_o their_o argument_n that_o they_o be_v not_o any_o part_n of_o the_o generale_fw-mi concilium_fw-la or_o parliament_n before_o those_o time_n because_o not_o express_v by_o that_o name_n i_o suppose_v this_o conclusion_n will_v not_o be_v admit_v true_a but_o as_o i_o be_o well_o satisfy_v that_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o be_v often_o express_v by_o and_o comprehend_v in_o the_o word_n praelati_fw-la and_o who_o in_o after_o time_n constitute_v the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o now_o difference_v the_o lord_n temporal_a be_v ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la undoubted_o a_o part_n of_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n so_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v if_o insist_v upon_o that_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la or_o angliae_fw-la the_o knight_n and_o gentleman_n or_o
adjornatur_fw-la ulterius_fw-la usque_fw-la quindenam_fw-la sanctae_fw-la trinitatis_fw-la eo_fw-la statu_fw-la etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la quem_fw-la diem_fw-la when_fw-mi &_o datus_fw-la est_fw-la ei_fw-la dies_fw-la ulterius_fw-la usque_fw-la octabas_fw-la sancti_fw-la michaelis_fw-la anno_fw-la viz._n decimo_fw-la nono_fw-la regis_fw-la huius_fw-la ea_fw-la finis_fw-la spelm._n council_n tom._n 1._o p._n 34._o erac_n beltaunia_n viginti_fw-la &_o octo_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la quondam_a nobiliâ—â—imis_fw-la insignita_fw-la praeter_fw-la casteila_fw-la innumera_fw-la quae_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ipsa_fw-la muris_fw-la turribus_fw-la portis_fw-la ac_fw-la seris_fw-la eraut_v instructa_fw-la â—â—rmâ—â—simis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d erâ—l_n hâ—â—t_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d câ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d xiphilin_n è_fw-fr dione_n cassio_n p._n 601._o impress_n basiliae_fw-la spâ—â—m_fw-la con_fw-mi 〈…〉_z toâ—â—_n 1._o p._n 126._o idem_fw-la tom._n 1._o pag._n 219._o â—ed_a eccles._n histor._n lib._n 1._o antiquit._fw-la britanniae_fw-la p._n 75._o parliamentum_fw-la synodus_fw-la magna_fw-la nuncupatur_fw-la somnâ—â—i_fw-la 〈◊〉_d malmeâ—b_n lib._n 3_o p._n 56._o l._n 24._o 〈…〉_z m._n gloss._n 〈◊〉_d gemotum_fw-la â—ol_fw-la 261._o camd._n britan._n in_o 8_o o._n impress_n 1586._o fol._n 63._o lambard_n de_fw-fr priseis_n anglor_n legibus_fw-la cap._n 8._o sol_fw-la 139._o bracton_n 〈◊〉_d 134._o coke_n 12._o rep._n sol_o 65._o plouden_n come_v sol_fw-it 236_o 237._o 〈◊〉_d conâ—ilia_n pag._n 39_o 397._o chron._n â—oâ—annis_fw-la br_n 〈…〉_z pton_fw-gr col._n 841._o i_o 〈…〉_z o_o commu_n 〈…〉_z de_fw-fr term._n s_o 〈…〉_z ae_z 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 7_o 〈◊〉_d 2._o p_o 〈…〉_z r_o 〈…〉_z domini_fw-la thesaur_n in_o sâ—â—â—caâ—io_n rema_v 〈…〉_z chaâ—â—a_fw-la regis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d will_n malmâ—b_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la reg._n anglor_n l._n 2._o pag._n 4â—_n b._n 〈◊〉_d 16._o â—g_z 42._o l._n 21._o lib._n 1._o mat._n 〈◊〉_d pag._n 〈◊〉_d 〈…〉_z a_o 〈…〉_z lamberdum_fw-la s_o 〈…〉_z review_n of_o his_o history_n of_o tithe_n sir_n â—ohâ—_n da_z 〈…〉_z report_v in_o his_o c_o 〈…〉_z of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 4â—_n camd._n britan._n spelman_n glossary_a verbo_fw-la drench_n pag._n 184._o shaâ—d_n in_o caâ—_n in_o etin_n temp._n e._n 3._o fol._n 143._o b._n johannes_n shardelowe_n unus_fw-la justiâ—_n de_fw-fr banco_n rot._n pat._n 16_o e._n 3._o parâ—_n 1._o m._n 2._o in_o ore_fw-la gladii_fw-la say_v he_o regnum_fw-la adeptus_fw-la sum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la devicto_fw-la haraldo_n rege_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la complicibus_fw-la qui_fw-la mihi_fw-la regnum_fw-la cum_fw-la providentia_fw-la dei_fw-la destinatum_fw-la &_o beneficio_fw-la concessionis_fw-la domini_fw-la &_o cognati_fw-la mei_fw-la gloriosi_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la concesaâ—â—_n conati_fw-la sunt_fw-la aâ—sâ—rre_fw-la etc._n etc._n chart._n 〈◊〉_d in_o inspex_fw-la part._n 7._o 1â—_n e._n 4._o membr_n 26_o ms._n penes_fw-la meipsum_fw-la 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z mainâ—â—â—sh_v de_fw-fr gest._n pontif._n pag._n 154._o b._n 〈◊〉_d council_n tom._n 2._o pag._n 3â—1_n 342._o 〈◊〉_d pi_n 〈…〉_z be_v 〈◊〉_d say_v pag._n â—â—8_n nulli_fw-la gallo_n datum_fw-la quod_fw-la anglo_n cviquam_fw-la injustè_fw-fr sterit_fw-la ablatum_fw-la sâ—ldeni_n ad_fw-la eadmâ—rum_fw-la spiceleg_n pag._n 190._o net_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d conquest_n 〈◊〉_d pag._n â—â—5_n 257._o 〈…〉_z sâ—â—â—â—ns_n title_n of_o honour_n pag._n 580._o â—em_v pag_n 523._o mat._n 〈◊〉_d in_o â—â—ta_n sanctâ—_n 〈◊〉_d abbot_n 〈…〉_z pag._n 48._o mat._n pare_v in_o vita_fw-la 〈◊〉_d abbat_n 〈…〉_z 〈◊〉_d l._n 3â—_n hoviden_fw-mi pars_fw-la prio_fw-la pag._n 260._o mat._n paris_n in_o â—â—â—a_o s._n aâ—bani_n abbatum_n pag._n 48._o 48._o naturalium_fw-la mirror_n of_o justice_n chap._n 1._o pag._n 9_o de_fw-fr eventibus_fw-la anglia_fw-it lib._n 5._o sol_fw-la 2681._o col._n 1_o 2._o â—eâ—â—aâ—_n dorob_n act._n pont._n cantuar_n p._n 1653._o 〈◊〉_d 5._o relat._n 〈◊〉_d primi_fw-la ad_fw-la 〈◊〉_d tractat_fw-la de_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pag._n 194._o 〈◊〉_d tiâ—_n of_o honour_n pag._n 58â—_n exit_fw-la carâ—â—lario_n coenobii_fw-la 〈◊〉_d in_fw-la bibliotheca_fw-la câ—tton_n sub_fw-la effigy_n 〈◊〉_d a._n 3._o provincia_n 〈◊〉_d co_z 〈…〉_z 〈◊〉_d tiâ—_n of_o honour_n pag._n 2â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d gloâ—â—_n tiâ—_n provincia_n pag._n 4â—â—_n parliaâ—â—ntum_fw-la synodus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d â—gnâ—_n 〈◊〉_d s_o 〈…〉_z 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 3._o fol._n 60._o eadmâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d vita_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 2._o sol_fw-la 13._o l._n 5._o an._n dom._n 1187._o 〈…〉_z hoveden_n pars_fw-la prio_fw-la pag._n 264._o lin._n 40._o b._n b._n 〈…〉_z ruin_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 1._o rot._n parl._n 1_o 〈◊〉_d 4._o art_n 1â—_n pultons_n stat._n 20_o e._n 3._o sol_fw-la 137._o king_n james_n first_o speech_n to_o his_o first_o parlialiament_n in_o england_n pulton_n stat._n 1_o jacobi_n cap._n 2._o sol_fw-la 1157._o king_n charies_n the_o first_o be_v declaration_n to_o all_o his_o love_a subject_n publish_v with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o privy_a council_n exact_v collectious_a of_o declaraâ—ons_n pag._n 28_o 29._o mat._n par._n a._n d._n 11â—0_n pag._n 55._o l._n 20._o in_o 〈…〉_z itio_fw-la ne_fw-fr qui_fw-la magnates_fw-la viz._n come_v baro_n miles_n seu_fw-la aliqua_fw-la alâ—_n notabiâ—â—s_fw-la persona_fw-la transeat_fw-la ad_fw-la part_n transmarinas_fw-la roâ—_n câ—aus_n 3_o e._n 2._o m._n 1â—_n dorâ—o_o sie_z igitur_fw-la istâ—_n modo_fw-la williâ—â—â—oâ—ortuo_fw-la â—ortuo_z 〈…〉_z rtas_fw-la frater_fw-la 〈◊〉_d in_o 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la fibi_fw-la infestos_fw-la in_fw-la guerra_fw-mi sua_fw-la occupatus_fw-la est_fw-la in_fw-la codem_fw-la tempore_fw-la jot_n ro_n 〈…〉_z s_o semper_fw-la contrarius_fw-la &_o adeo_fw-la innaturalis_fw-la extiterat_fw-la baroni_n bus_fw-la regâ—â—_n arglie_fw-mi quod_fw-la plenario_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o consilio_fw-la totius_fw-la communi_fw-la 〈…〉_z s_o râ—gâ—â—_n imposuerunt_fw-la ei_fw-la illegitimitatem_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la fuerat_fw-la procreatus_fw-la de_fw-la legitimo_fw-la thâ—râ—_n willielmi_fw-la conquestoris_n unde_fw-la unanimi_fw-la assensu_fw-la svo_fw-la ipsum_fw-la recutarunt_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la rege_fw-la omnino_fw-la recusaverunt_fw-la &_o hâ—nricum_fw-la fratren_n in_fw-la regem_fw-la 〈◊〉_d henr._n de_fw-fr knighton_n coll._n 2374._o cap._n 8._o l._n 14._o ll._n guliâ—â—â—ni_fw-la primi_fw-la lamb._n sol_fw-la 175_o 176._o hac_fw-la etiam_fw-la carta_n habeatur_fw-la apud_fw-la mat._n paâ—is_fw-la an._n dom._n 1118_o and_o 1213._o carta_n moderaâ—ioni_fw-la â—â—odi_fw-la magni_fw-la siâ—â—lli_fw-la anno_fw-la 〈◊〉_d â—ahannis_fw-la exit_fw-la veteâ—â—_n registro_fw-la in_o archivis_fw-la cantuar._n archiepiscopi_fw-la rot._n pat._n 〈◊〉_d h._n 3._o m._n 12._o cake_n 2._o instir._n sol_fw-la 79._o rastal_n stat._n 1_o e._n 3._o ll._n g_o 〈…〉_z ni_fw-fr primi_fw-la lâ—â—â—_n sol_fw-it 175_o 176._o camd._n britanin_n 8._o de_fw-fr ordin_fw-fr angli_fw-la e_o sol_fw-mi 61._o wâ—â—â—_n malmesb._n histor._n novel_a lib._n 1._o pag._n 101._o l._n 15._o b._n hoveden_n pars_fw-la posterior_n pag._n 282._o l._n 13._o ms._n vita_fw-la thoâ—e_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la cant._n in_o bibl._n cotton_n sâ—lâ—eâ—s_n title_n of_o honour_n fol._n 585._o carta_n moderationis_fw-la seodi_fw-la magni_fw-la sigilli_fw-la mat._n westâ—â—_n pag._n 397._o l._n 57_o rot._n pat._n 50_o h._n 3._o m._n 3._o dorso_fw-la rastall_v stat._n pag._n 12._o mat._n wâ—â—â—m_n sol_fw-it 393._o l._n 1._o dâ—_n hâ—ylins_n stumble_v block_n pag._n 189._o rot_v parl._n 40_o e._n 3._o n._n 78._o mat._n 〈◊〉_d an._n 1245._o p._n 191_o 197._o malmisb_n lib._n 〈◊〉_d pag._n 56._o oratio_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la ad_fw-la anglos_n mat._n paris_n in_o vita_fw-la h._n 1._o pag._n 62_o 63._o inhibitio_fw-la nèqui_fw-la magnates_fw-la viz._n come_v baro_n miles_n sevaliqua_fw-la alia_fw-la notabilis_fw-la persona_fw-la transeat_fw-la ad_fw-la part_n transmarinas_fw-la rot._n claus._n 3_o e._n 2._o m._n 16._o dorso_fw-la rot._n parl._n 8_o e._n 2._o n._n 233._o pro_fw-la burgenses_n de_fw-fr sanâ—â—o_n a_o 〈…〉_z who_o send_v burgesles_fw-mi to_o parliament_n 28_o e._n 1._o 35_o e._n 1._o 1_o 〈◊〉_d 2._o 2_o e._n 2._o 5_o e._n 2._o p_o 〈…〉_z be_v 4._o part_n of_o parliamentary_a wry_n pag._n 〈◊〉_d those_o roll_n lose_v or_o destroy_v the_o statute_n of_o articuli_fw-la cleri_fw-la make_v the_o next_o year_n after_o this_o record_n cell_n we_o that_o there_o be_v divirsa_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la temporibus_fw-la progenitorum_fw-la suorâ—â—_n regum_fw-la angâ—â—â—_n coke_n 2._o instit._fw-la 〈◊〉_d 618._o respon_n est_fw-la per_fw-la concilium_fw-la nota_fw-la roll_n of_o summons_n to_o parliament_n be_v extant_a this_o very_a parliament_n rot._n claus._n 8_o e._n 2._o m._n 25._o selden_n title_n of_o honour_n fol._n 604_o 605._o it_o appear_v by_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o 26_o e._n 3._o that_o there_o be_v parliamenta_fw-la and_o summons_n to_o parliament_n temporibus_fw-la progenitorum_fw-la &_o ante_fw-la annum_fw-la 49_o h._n 3._o rot._n pat._n 26_o e._n 3._o pars_fw-la 1._o m._n 23._o rot._n pat._n 15_o joh._n pars_fw-la 2._o m._n 2._o in_o the_o ancient_a subsidy_n roll_v we_o often_o meet_v with_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n in_o parliament_n and_o give_v subsidy_n and_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o my_o lord_n hobart_n sol_fw-mi 48._o that_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n they_o be_v discontinue_v and_o it_o may_v be_v one_o reason_n thereof_o be_v that_o it_o be_v a_o ease_n grant_v they_o by_o the_o king_n in_o favour_n of_o their_o labour_n of_o the_o earth_n vide_fw-la rot._n de_fw-la 20._o &_o 15_o ed._n 2._o apud_fw-la northampton_n an._n regni_fw-la svi_fw-la primo_fw-la à _fw-la laicis_fw-la concessis_fw-la rot._n the_o 15._o burgorum_n regi_fw-la
regni_fw-la totis_fw-la reretroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la in_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 1._o and_o his_o progenitour_n if_o so_o then_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n grandfather_n to_o e._n 1._o and_o so_o before_o h._n 3._o 1._o the_o burgess_n of_o st._n alban_n 〈◊〉_d in_o their_o petition_n to_o king_n e._n 2._o an_z o_o 8_o o_o say_v that_o they_o sicut_fw-la â—â—eteri_fw-la burgenses_n regni_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la regis_fw-la when_o it_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v summon_v per_fw-la duos_fw-la comburgenses_n suos_fw-la venire_fw-la debeant_fw-la prout_fw-la totis_fw-la retroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la venire_fw-la consueverunt_fw-la tam_fw-la tempore_fw-la domini_fw-la ed._n nuper_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la patris_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o well_o in_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 1._o the_o king_n father_n &_o progenitorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 2._o semper_fw-la ante_fw-la instans_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la and_o declare_v that_o the_o name_n of_o such_o burgess_n come_v to_o parliament_n be_v always_o enrol_v in_o the_o 618._o roll_n of_o the_o chancery_n notwithstanding_o all_o which_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hartford_n at_o the_o procuration_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n and_o his_o council_n refuse_v burgenses_n praedictos_fw-la praemunire_n seu_fw-la nomina_fw-la eorum_fw-la retornare_fw-la prout_fw-la ad_fw-la ipsum_fw-la pertinuit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o they_o pray_v remedy_n respon_n scrutentur_fw-la rotuli_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr concilium_fw-la cancellaria_fw-la si_fw-la temporibus_fw-la progenitorum_fw-la regis_fw-la burgenses_n praedicti_fw-la solebant_fw-la venire_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la &_o tunc_fw-la fiat_fw-la eye_n super_fw-la hoc_fw-la justitia_fw-la vocatis_fw-la evocandis_fw-la si_fw-la necesse_fw-la suerit_fw-la i_o do_v not_o think_v there_o needs_o much_o enforce_v this_o record_n since_o the_o prescription_n of_o send_v duos_fw-la comburgenses_n ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la regis_fw-la sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la burgenses_n regni_fw-la do_v be_v that_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n be_v always_o accustom_v to_o send_v two_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n in_o all_o former_a age_n not_o only_o in_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 1._o but_o his_o progenitor_n therefore_o in_o king_n john_n time_n his_o grandfather_n at_o least_o and_o so_o before_o h._n 3._o and_o though_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o petition_n which_o in_o that_o age_n be_v give_v in_o parliament_n per_fw-la concilium_fw-la or_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n and_o other_o the_o king_n learned_a council_n say_v scrutentur_fw-la rotuli_n si_fw-la temporibus_fw-la progenitorum_fw-la regis_fw-la 23._o which_o may_v go_v to_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o king_n john_n as_o before_z burgenses_n praedicti_fw-la solebant_fw-la venire_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la yet_o that_o grave_n and_o wise_a council_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o scruple_n but_o clear_o admit_v and_o confirm_v the_o general_a prescription_n that_o there_o be_v borough_n that_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n temporibus_fw-la e._n 1._o &_o progenitorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la which_o go_v high_a than_o h._n 3._o his_o father_n and_o it_o can_v in_o common_a reason_n be_v suppose_v much_o less_o believe_v that_o the_o burgess_n of_o s_o t_o alban_n or_o the_o lawyer_n or_o penman_n of_o the_o petition_n shall_v dare_v to_o tell_v the_o king_n and_o learned_a council_n in_o the_o face_n of_o a_o parliament_n a_o novelty_n so_o great_a and_o ridiculous_a and_o that_o record_v to_o posterity_n by_o the_o council_n that_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n in_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 1._o and_o his_o progenitor_n have_v send_v two_o burgess_n to_o every_o parliament_n when_o all_o the_o world_n then_o know_v if_o the_o modern_a opinion_n be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o election_n of_o any_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49_o h._n 3._o which_o be_v but_o 50._o year_n before_o 8_o e._n 2._o and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o petition_n fresh_a in_o their_o own_o memory_n no_o sure_o the_o burgess_n of_o s_o t_o alban_n do_v not_o ground_n their_o petition_n of_o right_n upon_o a_o general_a allegation_n or_o a_o affirmation_n in_o nubes_fw-la but_o the_o justice_n and_o certainty_n of_o their_o claim_n as_o they_o themselves_o very_o well_o know_v so_o they_o pray_v it_o may_v be_v examine_v and_o try_v by_o uncontrollable_a witness_n record_n the_o roll_n of_o chancery_n the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o council_n do_v no_o less_o know_v there_o be_v such_o roll_n and_o therefore_o order_v the_o search_n but_o if_o the_o petition_n have_v be_v notorious_o false_a and_o idle_a instead_o of_o record_v it_o to_o future_a age_n they_o will_v with_o contempt_n and_o scorn_n have_v reject_v it_o nor_o will_v the_o great_a abbot_n of_o s_o t_o alban_n his_o council_n and_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hertford_n against_o who_o the_o petition_n be_v exhibit_v have_v be_v want_v in_o their_o own_o defence_n to_o have_v show_v and_o prove_v that_o this_o ancient_a prescription_n be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n and_o fable_n no_o they_o all_o be_v well_o satisfy_v that_o the_o borough_n have_v send_v two_o burgess_n to_o every_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 1._o and_o his_o progenitor_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o oppose_v or_o contradict_v their_o just_a and_o ancient_a right_n according_a to_o their_o prescription_n all_o which_o appear_v clear_o by_o this_o that_o both_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o petition_n and_o ever_o since_o they_o have_v send_v two_o burgess_n to_o every_o parliament_n the_o second_o argument_n from_o record_n an._n 15_o johannis_n regis_fw-la wherein_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n not_o so_o numerous_a then_o as_o after_o and_o now_o together_o with_o the_o earl_n baron_n &_o magnates_fw-la angliae_fw-la be_v to_o give_v consilium_fw-la &_o auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la honorem_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o suum_fw-la &_o statum_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o short_o after_o meet_v at_o london_n convocatum_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la secta_fw-la laicali_fw-la and_o so_o within_o the_o express_a prescription_n of_o the_o borough_n of_o s._n alban_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o some_o have_v date_v the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o commons_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n from_o the_o parliament_n of_o runningmead_n 17_o o_o reg._n joh._n it_o may_v therefore_o be_v worth_a our_o pain_n to_o observe_v this_o great_a record_n follow_v and_o to_o consider_v whether_o from_o thence_o may_v not_o be_v prove_v this_o conclusion_n that_o 〈◊〉_d great_a city_n and_o boro_n 〈…〉_z s_o of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o so_o 〈…〉_z merous_fw-la then_o as_o after_o and_o now_o in_o the_o 16_o o_o of_o king_n john_n before_o the_o grant_n of_o his_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la or_o 〈◊〉_d confirm_v the_o ancient_a law_n in_o his_o 17_o the_o year_n at_o runningmead_n do_v send_v their_o proxy_n and_o representative_n to_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n for_o it_o can_v be_v suppose_v in_o reason_n that_o every_o individual_a citizen_n and_o burgess_n can_v come_v no_o more_o than_o every_o parson_n of_o a_o parish_n to_o a_o convocation_n or_o to_o a_o meeting_n of_o the_o whole_a clergy_n of_o england_n the_o record_n say_v that_o the_o 2._o king_n be_v in_o partibus_fw-la transmarinis_fw-la write_v majori_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la london_n majori_fw-la &_o probis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la winton_n northampt._n lincoln_n ebor._n oxon._n glouc._n heref._n exon._n worcestr_n cantebr_n hunt_n bristol_n norwich_n and_o all_o the_o great_a borough_n of_o the_o demesne_n of_o the_o king_n give_v remanen_fw-la they_o account_n of_o his_o proceed_n and_o success_n in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o french_a and_o that_o the_o pope_n have_v by_o his_o letter_n release_v the_o interdict_v under_o which_o the_o kingdom_n than_o lie_v which_o the_o king_n have_v then_o send_v to_o peter_n bishop_n of_o winton_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o desire_v that_o they_o will_v believe_v what_o the_o bishop_n shall_v speak_v to_o they_o that_o consilium_fw-la &_o auxilium_fw-la vestrum_fw-la ad_fw-la honorem_fw-la nostrum_fw-la &_o vestrum_fw-la &_o statum_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la in_o melius_fw-la communicandum_fw-la efficaciter_fw-la super_fw-la hoc_fw-la apponatis_fw-la and_o that_o majori_fw-la festinatione_fw-la expediretur_fw-la testae_fw-la apud_fw-la rupellam_fw-la 6_o o_o die_v martii_fw-la in_o the_o same_o manner_n he_o write_v to_o dorso_fw-la william_n earl_n marshal_n and_o to_o all_o the_o earl_n baron_n &_o magnatibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n testae_fw-la apud_fw-la rupellam_fw-la 8_o o_o die_v martii_fw-la in_o order_n therefore_o to_o our_o proof_n of_o a_o parliament_n from_o these_o record_n let_v we_o make_v two_o observation_n 1._o negative_a 2._o affirmative_a though_o the_o writ_n be_v general_a negative_a and_o mention_n not_o any_o time_n or_o place_n for_o meeting_n or_o come_v to_o parliament_n or_o the_o great_a council_n the_o king_n refer_v that_o i_o suppose_v to_o his_o regent_n or_o chief_a justice_n here_o yet_o it_o can_v be_v
intend_v that_o peter_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n be_v then_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n shall_v go_v from_o county_n to_o county_n city_n to_o city_n borough_n to_o borough_n or_o as_o our_o churchwarden_n do_v from_o house_n to_o house_n rogare_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o auxilium_fw-la the_o proper_a business_n of_o a_o parliament_n to_o desire_v and_o entreat_v for_o their_o counsel_n and_o aid_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o king_n their_o own_o &_o statum_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n sure_o that_o have_v be_v a_o employment_n fit_a for_o the_o wander_a jew_n or_o johannes_n de_fw-fr temporibus_fw-la and_o such_o counsel_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v of_o a_o very_a different_a and_o various_a nature_n and_o both_o agree_v very_o ill_o with_o the_o word_n majori_fw-la festinatione_fw-la and_o urgency_n of_o the_o content_n of_o the_o writ_n let_v we_o then_o inquire_v what_o be_v the_o effect_n and_o consequent_n of_o these_o writ_n and_o that_o bring_v i_o to_o the_o second_o observation_n king_n john_n begin_v his_o reign_n 6_o o_o affirmative_a aprilis_n the_o writ_n bear_v date_n 6_o o_o &_o 8_o o_o martii_fw-la which_o be_v the_o close_a of_o an._n 15_o o._n it_o may_v be_v the_o wind_n be_v very_a cross_n or_o for_o some_o other_o reason_n the_o letter_n may_v not_o so_o speedy_o be_v bring_v over_o or_o publish_v here_o or_o after_o the_o summons_n there_o may_v be_v above_o forty_o day_n before_o they_o meet_v but_o sure_o it_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o july_n after_o that_o march_v be_v the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n we_o find_v nicholaus_fw-la tusculanensis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la 27._o &_o apostolicae_fw-la sedis_fw-la legatus_fw-la per_fw-la nuntio_n memoratos_fw-la domini_fw-la papae_fw-la authenticum_fw-la acceperat_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la transmarinis_fw-la sed_fw-la quoniam_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la in_o recessu_fw-la svo_fw-la ab_fw-la anglia_fw-it legato_n jam_fw-la dicto_fw-la &_o willielmo_n marescallo_n vice_n svas_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la negotio_fw-la commiserat_fw-la idem_fw-la legatus_fw-la in_o urbe_fw-la londinensi_fw-la apud_fw-la sanctum_fw-la paulum_fw-la grande_fw-fr congregavit_fw-la concilium_fw-la ubi_fw-la congregatis_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la 26._o comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la negotium_fw-la interdicti_fw-la the_o very_a business_n of_o the_o writ_n spectantibus_fw-la proposuit_fw-la coram_fw-la omnibus_fw-la formam_fw-la restitutionis_fw-la and_o the_o great_a selden_n the_o honour_n 587._o of_o the_o inner-temple_n or_o rather_o as_o the_o learned_a grotius_n honos_fw-la britanniae_fw-la to_o drive_v the_o nail_n home_o say_v but_o we_o know_v by_o what_o be_v already_o show_v that_o divers_a former_a parliament_n be_v in_o this_o king_n time_n mean_v before_o the_o grant_n of_o his_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la an._n 17_o joh._n though_o the_o law_n make_v in_o they_o be_v lose_v and_o in_o the_o year_n before_o the_o charter_n also_o which_o be_v an._n 16_o joh._n the_o author_n of_o eulogium_fw-la say_v that_o convocatum_fw-la est_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la londoniis_fw-la praesidente_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la cum_fw-la toto_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la secta_fw-la laicali_fw-la whereinis_fw-la per_fw-la domini_fw-la papae_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la illa_fw-la obligatio_fw-la quam_fw-la rex_fw-la domino_fw-la papae_fw-la fecerat_fw-la cum_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la &_o homagio_fw-la relaxatur_fw-la omnino_fw-la seven_o '_o die_v julii_n have_v thus_o prove_v a_o parliament_n in_o the_o 16_o the_o of_o king_n john_n and_o that_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v their_o summons_n to_o it_o which_o be_v remarkable_a by_o a_o writ_n particular_a and_o distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o lord_n viz._n the_o earl_n baron_n &_o magnates_fw-la angliae_fw-la i_o will_v conclude_v this_o argument_n with_o the_o statute_n of_o 5_o r._n 2._o cap._n 4._o where_o it_o be_v enact_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n lord_n and_o commons_o that_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n and_o commonalty_n be_v he_o archbishop_n abbot_z prior_n earl_n baron_n etc._n etc._n which_o shall_v have_v a_o summons_n to_o parliament_n shall_v come_v from_o thenceforth_o to_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v and_o have_v be_v accustom_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n of_o old_a time_n and_o if_o they_o do_v absent_v themselves_o and_o come_v not_o he_o and_o they_o shall_v be_v amerce_v or_o otherwise_o punish_v according_a as_o of_o old_a time_n have_v be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v from_o hence_o i_o shall_v observe_v 1._o that_o there_o be_v summons_n to_o parliament_n of_o old_a time_n as_o well_o to_o the_o commonalty_n that_o be_v the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n as_o to_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o so_o the_o statute_n may_v seem_v to_o affirm_v the_o prescription_n of_o s_o t_o alban_n that_o say_v that_o they_o have_v send_v duos_fw-la comburgenses_n sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la burgenses_n regni_fw-la do_v to_o every_o parliament_n totis_fw-la retroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la before_o e._n 1._o and_o his_o progenitor_n 2._o that_o the_o phrase_n of_o old_a time_n be_v in_o point_n of_o prescription_n and_o antiquity_n apply_v equal_o and_o without_o distinction_n or_o limitation_n as_o well_o to_o the_o great_a lord_n as_o commons_z but_o if_o the_o first_o have_v of_o old_a time_n as_o our_o modern_a author_n write_v be_v the_o only_a constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n it_o may_v in_o reason_n and_o prudence_n be_v think_v they_o will_v not_o have_v consent_v to_o have_v admit_v that_o summons_n to_o parliament_n for_o the_o commons_o be_v coeval_n with_o they_o nor_o will_v they_o have_v ratify_v and_o confirm_v by_o a_o solemn_a act_n the_o protestation_n or_o declaration_n of_o right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n in_o the_o parliament_n 2_o h._n 5._o n._n 10._o that_o the_o commons_o have_v ever_o be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o that_o no_o statute_n or_o law_n can_v be_v make_v without_o their_o assent_n 3._o that_o if_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o absent_v themselves_o and_o come_v not_o to_o parliament_n they_o shall_v be_v amerce_v or_o otherwise_o punish_v as_o of_o old_a time_n have_v be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v this_o branch_n plain_o agree_v 1._o with_o the_o modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la write_v as_o m_n r_o selden_n say_v tempore_fw-la e._n 3._o that_o the_o first_o day_n the_o burgess_n and_o citizen_n shall_v be_v call_v and_o if_o they_o do_v not_o come_v they_o shall_v be_v amerce_v and_o so_o m_n r_o prynn_n mistake_v in_o 3._o his_o animadversion_n when_o he_o say_v that_o no_o absent_a lord_n be_v fine_v before_o 31_o h._n 6._o 2._o it_o appear_v exit_fw-la vi_fw-la terminorum_fw-la of_o old_a time_n it_o have_v be_v so_o accustom_v to_o be_v do_v that_o this_o prescription_n may_v well_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o parliament_n of_o 16_o joh._n and_o long_o before_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 17_o of_o that_o king_n sai_z civitas_n london_n habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la svas_fw-la antiquas_fw-la by_o force_n and_o virtue_n of_o which_o word_n antiquas_fw-la their_o old_a or_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o custom_n not_o only_o confirm_v by_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o william_n the_o first_o but_o use_v even_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o before_o be_v in_o parliament_n ratify_v and_o confirm_v the_o three_o argument_n from_o the_o solemn_a and_o great_a judgement_n of_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o the_o parliament_n of_o 40_o e._n 3._o against_o the_o pope_n that_o if_o king_n john_n have_v an._n 14._o of_o his_o reign_n which_o be_v three_o year_n before_o the_o grant_n of_o his_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la make_v the_o kingdom_n tributary_n to_o the_o pope_n he_o have_v do_v it_o sanz_o lour_v assent_n which_o must_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o therefore_o void_a king_n john_n an._n 14._o of_o his_o reign_n 14._o make_v himself_o and_o crown_n tributary_n to_o the_o pope_n but_o anno_fw-la 40_o e._n 3._o the_o prelate_n 8._o duke_n count_n baron_n and_o commons_o upon_o their_o full_a deliberation_n in_o parliament_n resolve_v with_o one_o accord_n that_o neither_o the_o king_n nor_o any_o other_o can_v put_v the_o realm_n nor_o people_n thereof_o into_o such_o subjection_n sanz_fw-fr assent_n de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr without_o their_o assent_n viz._n as_o well_o of_o the_o 1._o commons_o as_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o that_o it_o appear_v by_o many_o evidence_n that_o if_o he_o have_v so_o do_v it_o be_v do_v sanz_n lour_v assent_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o coronation_n oath_n and_o if_o the_o pope_n attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o either_o have_v at_o the_o instance_n and_o solicitation_n of_o the_o nuncupatur_fw-la french_a king_n threaten_v to_o interdict_v or_o outlaw_n both_o king_n and_o kingdom_n they_o will_v oppose_v and_o resist_v he_o