returned him many good words to witnesse the alliance which hee desired to entertaine with the king of Spaine King of Englands answer to the Spanish embassador vpon the like tearmes hee had with him as king of Scotland But aduowing the Scottish troups which were sent to the generall Estates of the vnited Prouinces to be leuied by his commaundement he said they had not deserued any punishment giuing leaue to king Philip to make vse of Scottishmen if he pleased and letting him know that he had not transgrest the lawes of neutralitie And as for their protection he desired he should vnderstand That the great interests which England hath with the vnited Prouinces as well in regard of their townes which they haue ingaged as for the succours which they haue receiued from thence did bind him to assist them and to haue a care of their preseruation and to second the intentions of the deceased queene and to build vpon the foundations which she had laied yet he desired to see them all well reconciled with the king of Spaine The embassador as my Author sayes answered That whosoeuer knew the power of the king of Spaine Spaniards think none so powerful as their own king were not ignorant that he can easily bring the rebelled Prouinces vnder the yoke of his obedience when hee shall please to make an enterprise equall to his power That no man should doubt that hee that had passed the Hellespont will easily passe the riuer of Granique and that a prince which triumphes ouer so many nations so many islands so many seas and so much firme land at the new-found world will not adde the islands of Holland and Zeland to his triumphant chariot the wise will alwaies giue the counsell which Phocion gaue vnto the Athenians either to make themselues the strongest or to be obedient vnto them that were so He then desired leaue to enter into conference with some of his Maiesties Councell and to consult of the meanes of some treatie which would be no lesse profitable and honourable to England than to Spaine the which was granted him After some meetings the lords finding that he had no power to treat they attended other deputies who came the next yeare with an ample Commission as you shall heare There fell out two accidents 1604 which had like to haue troubled the quiet of those two great Monarchs of France and Spaine Imposition exacted by the Spaniard The yeare before king Philip and the Archdukes had imposed thirtie in the hundred vpon all marchandise which came in or went out of the countries that were vnder their obedience the which did seeme directly to infringe the treatie of Veruins The French king commanded his embassadors to deale with those princes touching this imposition and to aduertise him of their resolutions But their aunswers and the force they vsed afterwards to the kings subiects to make them pay the imposition did witnesse sufficiently that they had no will to exempt them Whereupon the French king made a defence That no marchandise should bee carried out of France into Spaine or the Low Countries that were vnder the Archdukes obedience nor any bee brought from thence into France vpon corporall punishment and losse of goods But this did not alter the peace onely there were complaints made by the two kings one of another King Philip began He tooke it ill that the French going volâ—ntarily to serue the Estates did prolong their rebellion and did hinder the reduction of Ostend that the king did succour them with men and money and that hee had forbidden his subiects to traffique into Spaine and Flanders But the king disauowed them that went to serue the Estates If hee sent them money it was sayed he but to pay that which hee had borrowed And the defence of traffique tended to no other end but to force the king of Spaine and the Archduke to take away that intollerable imposition and to let him know that France can liue better without the commodities of Spaine than Spain without those of France The second accident Treason of Lost. or cause of jarre betwixt these two princes grew also from Spaine the French king complaining and justly That the secrets of his cabinet were discouered to his enemies Will the king of Spaine neuer cease said he to withdraw my subiects from their duetie and loyalties Will hee still entertaine some traytor within my realme My embassadour complaines vnto me by his letters that hee is so slowly aduertised of our affaires as the king of Spaines ministers know them before him The king being much troubled to find out the spring from whence this pestilent liquor of Infidelitie did flow behold God discouered the treacherie of Iudas by such meanes as the wisedome of man could not find out Villeroy the chiefe Secretarie of State who managed the greatest secrets of the kingdome had an vnder clerke called Nicholas Lost in whom hee reposed much trust and the rather for that his father had serued him long This young man hauing attended on Monsieur de la Rochepot being embassadour in Spaine there laied the plot of this treason whereof you may read the whole discourse at large in the historie of France There was some likelihood of a new enterprise this yeare vpon Africke Embassadours from the king of Cusco at Valencia The king of Cusco who had promised the last yeare to joyne with the Spaniards against Alger had receiued fortie thousand crownes vpon the bargaine and treacherously betrayed them that brought the money vnto their enemies this yeare hee sent an embassadour vnto the king who gaue him audience at Valencia Which made many thinke that hee would make another attempt vpon Alger for that he caused him to be conducted home by a Master of the campe and an Enginer giuing him great store of munition and fire-workes laden in three fregats The king of Spaine beeing aduertise out of England from his embassadour Taxis of the successe of his embassage Constable of Castille sent into England and of the expectation of a treatie hee appointed the Constable of Castille to vndertake this charge giuing him an ample Commission to treat and conclude a Peace betwixt England and Spaine hee past through France where he was verie honourably receiued and so came into Flanders to the Archdukes from whence he went into England for the conclusion of the peace There were Commissioners appointed on either side For the king of great Britaine were named Commissioners for the treatie of the peace for England the earle of Dorset high Treasurer of England the earle of Nottingham high Admirall of England the earle of Deuonshire Lieutenant of the kingdome of Ireland the earle of Northampton and the lord Vicont Cranborne principall Secretarie and now earle of Salisburie and high Treasurer of England being all of his Majesties priuie Councell For the king of Spaine there were deputed D. Iohn de Velasco Constable of Castille and Leon
a great friend as we wil shew and the happinesse of this captaine was such as the King of Denia beeing dead at the same time his son successor did so honour his vertue and wisdome as he made himselfe his vassal and was so beloued of him as hauing reconciled him with King Hiaja he wrought so as he conuersed familiary with him and in so great fauor as he gouerned both the King and the Estate of Valence as if himself had bin Lord. Aben-Hut King of Sarragosse died also about that time leauing one son called Almizaron heire of his Kingdome at whose aduancement the Estate beeing somewhat troubled Cid was intreated to come to Sarragosse the which he did In the meane time there fell out great garboiles in the Court of Valence by the enuy emulation of two Moores whereof the one was a captaine vnder Cid called Aben-Alfaras and the other a certaine prouost called Aben-laf This Prouost was so transported with hatred as hee called the Almorauiâ—â—s by their means made himself Master of the town forcing King Hiaja to flie whom he pursued hauing intelligence that hee had carried away many rich Iewels tooke him and flue him miserably giuing him a vilde vnworthy sepulcher Such was the end of Hiaja King of Valence who had raigned the last of the Moores at Toledo Aben laf hauing by this means gotten so goodly an estate kept a great gaâ—d about him as such doe commonly as will rule by â—â—rany beeing in the meane time vnder the soueraignty of the Almorauides but he did not long enioy the fruits of his wickednesse for Cid being aduertised of this base treason parted from Sarragosse with such forces as he had and came before Valence to see if the hatred of the tyrant would moue the inhabitants to reuolt There came many Noblemen Mootes of the country thether to him among which were Aboeca Abeni-Lopes and Aben Racin who ioyned with him mooued thereunto by his vertue and valour then was the city fiercely assaulted so as the inhabitants and their commander Aben Iaf receiuing no succors from the Almorauides as they attended beeing vnwilling to giue eare to the secret practises of the King of Sarragosse who perswaded them vnder hand to giue themselues vnto him the which was well knowne to Cid whose vigilancy was great they were forced to yeeld vpon condition that the garrison of Almorauides should bee thrust out and that Aben Iaf should hold the towne of Valencia of Cid and should pay him tribute yet could not the Valentians agree well with Aben Iaf the murtherer of their King but raysing daylie new troubles and seditions against him hee fortefied himselfe in a great quarter of the towne and callad Cid giuing him entrance on that side Whereat the Valentians beeing much mooued they fell to open rebellion and intrenching on their side they put themselues vertuously in defence and called backe the Almorauides to their succors but the city beeing beseeged of all sides by Cids army and all the passages stopped they could not enter into the towne but returned without fighting wherefore the beseeged were forced to subiect themselues vnder the obedience of Aben Iaf who shewing himselfe trecherous and breaking his promise with Cid hee gaue him occasion soone after to teturne to Valencia Valence taken by Cid Ruis Diaz and to subdue it for himselfe the which hee did by a seege of ten monthes reducing the towne and the inhabitants to such extremity for want of victuals and by continual assaults as they yeelded to his mercy hauing all the places and forts already in his deuotion Beeing maister of the city hee put Aben Iaf to death by iustice and sent a way the Moores which were suspect vnto him the which soone after brought a great army of Almorauides out of Andalousia and other countries which they held in Spaine against Cid and his new conquests but hee repulst them valiantly and so setled himselfe as during his life it returned out vnder the Moores subiection these things were effected by Cid Ruis Diaz of Biuar after the returne into Affrike of King Ioseph Aben Tefin the chiefe of the family of the Almorauides Arabians About the yeere of our Lord 1096. An. 1096. beganne that famous expedition of Christian Princes to the holy Land Expedition inâ—â— Syrâ—a or the Holy Warre decreed by Pope Vrbain the second at the councell of Clermont in the which there went infinit numbers out of France England Italy and Germany vnder the conduct of diuers Princes and Noblemen Few made this voyage out of Spaine by reason of the warres which they had against the Affrican Moores by whom they were greatly anoyed Onely D. Raymond Earle of Tolouse and Saint Gyles ioyned in these Leuant warres leading with him some small number of Spanish Knights and was followed by D. Eluira his wife who was brought in bed in the East countries of a sonne who was baptized in the water of Iordain and for that cause was named Alphonso Iordain D. Bernard Archbishop of Toledo beeing desirous to goe was crost and went into the East recommending his charge to certaine regular Chanoins of Saint Augustine who after his departure chose an other Archbishop whereof D. Bernard aduertised beeing not yet gone out of Spaine hee returned sodainely and passing by the Monastery of Sahagun he tooke with him certaine Monkes with the which he went to Toledo where hee punished the Chapter for their inconstancy deposed the new Archbishop and placed the Monkes of the Order of Saint Benet in his church the which continued there many yeeres This done beeing desirous to see the world hee continued his course and came to Rome to receiue the Holy fathers blessing meaning to proceed in his voiage but they say the Pope would not suffer him but fent him backe into Spaine knowing him to be fit for the affaires of the Romish Catholike churchâ— so D. Bernara returned beeing absolued of his vow He past through France Prelats of the French nation giuen to the Churches in Spainâ— from whence hee carried with him many men of fame amongst others one named Girard borne at Moysi whom hee made Chantre of his church afterwards he was Archbishop of Braga and canonized for a Saint one Peter borne in Berry whom he made Arch-deacon and was afterwards Bishop of Osma put also in the numbers of Saints Bernard of Agen the second Chantre and after Bishop of Siguença and in the end Bishop of Saint Iaques Peter also of Agen second Arch-deacon of Toledo and since bishop of Segobia Raymond of Agen who succeeded in the Bishoprike of Ofina and in the end to the same D. Bernard in his dignity of Toledo an other Peter who was Bishop of Palence and Ierosme of Perigueux whom hee made Bishop of Valencia arriuing in that city soone after that D. Roderigo Diaz de Biâ—ar had conquered it to whom he was an assistant to order clergy matters Hee carried with him also one Bernard
to recouer the reputation which he had lost but the King of Spaine stayed this rigour sending a generall pardon concerning this murther The Deputies of the generall Estates beeing returned from France with many good words Deputies sent from the Estats of the â—â—wcountries into England but no effects by reason of the league which hindred the Kings desire to embrace their cause they had recourse vnto the Queene of England vnto whom they also sent their Deputies seeking to perswade her to vndertake their protection against the king of Spaine in regard of her owne priuate interest and the good of both the Estates This matter was weightie and required a graue and deliberate consultation Shee called her Councell and demanded their opinions whether shee should voluntarily ingage her selfe in a warre without constraint which she must needes do in taking vppon her the protection of the Low-countries Whereupon they concluded that she might not with her owne safetie abandon the vnited Prouinces of the Netherlands vnlesse she would neglect the preseruation of her owne Estate Reasons why the Queene of England shold take protection of the Low-countries They layed before her the King of Spaines hatred against her hauing changed the religion which he had planted in England which appeared by his denying passage to her Merchants throughout the Low-countries with armes powder and munition which he had bought in Germany That he had refused to renue the auncient contracts made betwixt the Emperour Charles his father and her predecessours And to shew his hatred to her Maiestie he had suffered the Inquisitors of Spaine to persecute her poore subiects with all crueltie and had dismissed her Ambassadour out of Spaine vppon colour of Religion That the Duke of Alba his Gouernour in the Low-conntries had in hostile manner arrested the bodies and goods of her subiects contrarie to the ancient contracts That he had sent forces to invade her realme of Ireland and to ayde her rebels Besides these and many other iniuries the Lords of her Councell layed before her how dangerous it would be for her Estate if the Spaniard should become absolute Lord of those countries that he would alter their religion disanuâ—ll their auncient Priuiledges and liberties and make them subiect to his will and pleasure which done he might easily inuade England hauing so much shipping and so many marriners at his command and his Indian treasure to supply all other wants He would ouerthrow all trade betwixt her subiects and the Netherlanders and would breed factions within the heart of her countrie These reasons sayd they should mooue her Maiestie to embrace the present occasion and not suffer the Low-countries to be planted with Spaniards and Italians considering that the warre was not vndertaken against those Prouinces but with an intent to make a greater conquest Whilst that the Queene of England resolues to vndertake the protection of the generall Estates of the vnited Prouinces it was concluded to arme out a Fleete to annoy the King of Spaine vpon his owne coast Sir Francis Drake with â— fleet vpon the coast of Spaine or at the Indies whence his treasor came Wherefore this yeare 1585. in September Sir Francis Drake was sent out of England with a fleet of 25. ships and pinaces and about 2300. souldiers and mariners Master Christopher Carlile was his Lieutenant generall with many other gallant Captaines and Gentlemen whose names for breuitie sake I omit being written at large by others After some daies this Fleet came to the Ilands of Bayonne vppon the coast of Spaine where the Generall putting his men into boates and pinaces went into his Galley with an intent to surprize the towne but vpon the way there came an English Merchant vnto them from the Gouernour to see what Fleet it was who after some speech with the Generall was returned backe and one Captaine Sampson with him to demaund of the Gouernour if there were any warres betwixt Spaine and England and why they did arrest the English Merchants and their goods To whome the Gouernour made this answer that he knew not of any warre and that it was not in his owne power to make any and as for the stay of the Merchants it was the kings pleasure but not with any intent to preiudice them and that hee had receiued a countermaund to discharge them the which hee did presently The lying of this Fleete at those Ilands did much trouble them in Spaine beeing ignorant of their intent Whereuppon Don Aluaro de Baçan Marquis of Santa Cruz Admirall of Spaine beeing then at Lisbone did set downe in writing what harme this Fleete might do if it should go to the West Indies and enter into the South sea as Drake had formerly done and what course was to bee taken to preuent those inconueniences and dangers The English Fleete stayed not long vppon the coast of Spaine but directed their course towards the VVest Indies S. Iago taken passing by the Canaries and the Ilands of cape Verde where they tooke the towne of S. Iago which they spoiled and burnt they came to the Island of S. Dominica from whence they past to the Island of Hispaniola where they tooke that gallant Cittie of S. Domingo by force which after they spoyled and burnt a third part S Domiâ—gâ— taken the Spaniards made a composition for the rest paying fiue and twenty thousand Duckets at fiue shillings sixe pence the peece In this Island they found great store of good prouision but little siluer or plate yet in their furniture they were very rich and costly From Saint Domingo they put ouer to the mayne land and came within sight of Carthagena which stands vppon the sea side where they made a gallant attempt vppon the towne and tooke it they landed their troupes fiue miles from the towne whither they marched in battell comming within halfe a mile of the towne they were to passe vpon a narrow causey not fiue paces ouer lying betwixt the sea and the harbour This streight was crost ouer with a wall well flanked and a good ditch hauing onely a passage for horsemen and carriages if need required which breach had a good barricado and here there were sixe peeces of Ordinance planted which scoured along the causey and in the harbor or inner water they had layd two gallies with their prowes to the shore hauing eleuen peeces of Ordinance in them which did beate crosse this streight and three of foure hundred small shot notwithstanding all this preparation to receiue them the Lieutenant generall it beeing very darke and not yet day marched by the sea shoare so as they receiued little harme by their shot and comming close vp to the wall after some resistance they ouerthrew the Barricado and forced the Spaniards to retire they entred pel mel with them into the towne and wan the market place where the Spaniards made head awhile after which they abandoned the towne and retired to other places whither they had
warre done by him and for that he did no lesse loue learning then armes Eight and twenty daies before the death of the King Don Fernand dyed Donna Leonora Queene of Nauar his Aunt hauing beene married to King Charles her husband foureteene yeares she was buried in the Cathedrall church at Pampelona There was great mourning and heauinesse in Castile at the newes of King Fernands death Castille whose obsequies Queene Katherine caused to be celebrated with a pompe worthy of such a Prince and afterwards by the aduice of the Nobility shee tooke vppon her the sole gouernement of the realme and the tutelage of King Iohn her sonne whome shee gaue in guard to Don Iohn of Velasco D. Diego of Estuniga and to D. Sancho of Rojas Archbishop of Toledo whereat the Constable D. Ruy Lopes of Aualos D. Pedro Manrique and D. Alphonso Henriques grew very iealous whereupon there grew quarrels and troubles after the accustomed manner during the minoritie of Kings The Queene and the Councell did prolong the truce with the King of Granado for two yeares In yere 1417. Truce with Granado sending Lewis Gonçal of Luna 1417. Secretary of the Kings chamber to Granado to that end By this treatie the king of Granado set an hundred prisoners at libertie whose ransomes would haue mounted to a great summe of money D. Iohn Rodrigue of Castagneda Lord of Fouente Duegna and D. Inigo Ortiz of Estuniga sonne to Diego Lopes being in quarrell and demanding the combate the Queene would not grant it them in Castile but commanded them to retire into Granado Combats sheld not be allowed among Christians where as king Ioseph would giue them the field These Knights were put into the field by the Moorish king but he presently forbad them to fight declaring that they were both good Knights and reconciling them together he sent them home honored with Iewels and rich presents This hee did at the intreaty of the Queene-mother of Castile who had writ earnestly vnto him shewing therin to haue a mild and Christian-like heart For these combats are proofes of mad men which should not be suffered in the place of iustice seeing thereby all controuersies how great soeuer may be compounded and ended The Emperour Sigismond grieuing for the death of the king of Arragon Pope Benedict condemned by the Councell after that he had laboured in vaine to reconcile the kings of France and England who were continually in warre he passed to Constance whereas the Councell in the two and thirtith Session delcared Benedict to be periured contumacious a rebell Schismaticke and Hereticke depriuing him of his papacie which he had held almost two and thirty yeares yet he played the Pope still in Pegniscola but the Princes of Christendome in generall yeelded to the Councell notwithstanding Benedicts exclamations that seeing it was called without his authoritie Councel condemned by Pope Benedict it was not lawfull The Cardinals which were at Constance being two and twenty with thirty Electors deputed by the Councell did chuse Othon Colonne a Romane Cardinall of the title of Saint George in Velabro and named him Martin the fifth Benedict although he were abandoned by the Princes yet he continued still in his purpose keeping some Prelates vnder his obedience among which were the Cardinals Tholousa Rasan S. Angelo S. Eustace S. George and Montarragon the Archb. of Tarragone and the Bishops of Barcelona Vic Elne Girone Huesca and Tarrassone with many Abbots and other Clergimen who held him for true and lawfull Pope This yeare Iohn of Betancourt a knight of France by gift from Queene Catherine conquered the Ilands of the Canaries Conquest of the Canaries by Iohn of Betancourt and intitled himselfe King He could not take the great Canarie for all the Inhabitants of the Iland had retired themselues thither wherefore finding too great resistance he retired himselfe hauing built a fort in that of Lancerot from whence he did trafficke and drew profit form the neighbor places of lether tallow slaues and other such commodities he being dead one Menault succeeded him in whose time Pope Martin instituted an Episcopall sea in those Ilands to the which there was a certaine Monke called Friar Mendo aduanced but this king Menault hauing no great regard when there was question of profit to the soules health of the Ilanders he sold them indifferently as well the Pagans as those which had receiued Baptisme whereof the new Bishop did complaine to Queene Katherine Menault the 2 King of the Canariâ—s sels the Ilands to them of Seuile requiring her to free them of that Lord whereupon she sent Peter Barna de Campos with three ships of warre with whom Menault hauing long contended in the end by the Queenes sufferance he sold these Ilands to a Knight of Seuile called Fernando Peres in whose hands and his successors of Seuile they haue remained vnto the time of the king D. Fernand the 5. and of the Queen D. Izabella D. Diego Lopes of Estuniga Iustice maior of Castile hauing long serued King Henry the 3. Family of Estuniga comes out of Nauarre and Iohn now raigning dyed this yeare His house came out of Nauarre and was of the bloud royall as some Authors haue left in writing The yeare 1418. Queene Catherine dyed suddenly An. 1418. being fifty yeares old she was buried at Toledo in the chappell of the last kings By her death King Iohn was freed from tutors and there was a Councell established with the which he should gouerne his Realmes whose letters and expeditions should be signed on the back-side by two of his Councellors This yeare there came ambassadors to him from France to demand ayde against the English to whom they gaue hope of an army at Sea The king of Portugal did also send to confirm a perpetuall peace betwixt Castile and Portugall but there was nothing concluded at that time The English proclaimed warre against Castile whereupon the truce with Granado was prolonged for two yeares King Iohn beeing at Medina del campo was betrothed to D. Maria of Arragon his cousin daughter to the deceased king D. Fernand then hee held a Parlament when for his new accord of marriage they granted him a great subuention The same yeare mention is made of the death of Friar Vincent Ferrier of Valencia afterwards canonized a Saint by Pope Calixtus who was also of Valencia Hee that most gouerned the king at that time entring into his maioritie was Don Sancho of Rojas Arch-bishop of Toledo whereat they did murmure from which time the Estate of Castile was very turbulent The Guipuscoans and Biscayens fell to theeuing at sea without any subiect of warre euen vppon the coast of Brittany whereof D. Iohn then liuing complayned much by his ambassadours to the King of Castile who desirous to liue in peace with Christian Princes sent Fernando Peres of Ayala Gouernour of Guipuscoa to bee an arbitrator Hee with another chosen by the Duke of
himselfe finding the councell not plyable to his affections transferred it to Ferrara and from thence to Horence In this councell of Basill the Fathers beeing assembled they were spectaters of a combate betwixt a gentleman of a Portugal race but borne in Castile called Iohn de Merle and Henry of Rauestan a knight of Bourgondie who fought on foot and the Bourgondian was vanquished The same de Merle had a little before fought a combate on horsebacke with the like happinesse in the cittie of Arras against Peter of Brecemont Lord of Charny in the presence of D. Philip. King Edward hauing finished his fathers funerals and all solemnities oaths reception of fealtie and homage and other accustomed duties at the first comming of Kings hee assembled the Estates of his Realme at S. Iren An. 1434. in the yeare 1434. to consult concerning the gouernement thereof from thence there was an ambassador sent to the councell of Basill which was D. Diego Earle of Oren beeing accompanied with many learned men and Prelates of Portugal and then the warre against the Moores was propounded after the example of Kings his Predecessors It was also held conuenient to continue that which King Iohn had begun in Affricke for the execution whereof he obtained a Croisado from the apostolike Sea of Rome by the meanes of the Earle of Oren who brought the Bull into Portugall The King of Castile also sent many of his Prelates and Diuines to the Councell Castile during the which Don Alphonso Carillo Bishop of Siguença and Cardinall dyed whose Bishoppricke was giuen to his Nephew carrying the same name who in time came to be Archbishop of Toledo The ambassadors for the king of Castile at this councell were D. Aluaro of Osorno Bishop of Cuenca D. Iohn de Sylua Lord of Cyfuentes Standard-bearer to the king and Doctor Alphonso of Carthagena Deane of S. Iames and Segobia sonne to D. Pablo Bishop of Burgos which Bishoppricke Don Alphonso obtayned in his life time Controuersie betwixt England and Castile for precedencie he being preferred to be Patriarke of Aquilea There falling out a great question in the councell betwixt the ambassadors of England and Castile for the precedence this Doctor Don Alphonso of Carthagena did so well defend the preheminence of the crowne of Castile and gaue such pertinent reasons for the dignity and prerogatiue therof as the fathers gaue the precedence to the ambassador of Castile wherein the Doctor was held to haue done great seruice to his countrie of Spaine whereof he himselfe hath made a treatise notwithstanding Raphael Volaterran in his third booke and last chapter sayth That in the time of D. Fernand the 5. this cause was pleaded againe at Rome and ended in fauor of the king of England who had giuen sentence by prouision without any great examination of the cause Returning to the politicke affaires of Castile the King D. Iohn being aduertised that Don Fredrick of Arragon D. Frederick of Arragon Earle of Luna a prisoner in Castile Earle of Luna would haue seized vppon the citty of Seuile he caused him to be apprehended at Medina del campo and to be carried to the Castle of Braçuelos which is neere vnto Olmedo where he ended his dayes and many of his confederates were put to death who for that cause were brought to Medina del campo The warre begun in Granado continued with variable successe for after the taking of Benamaruel by Don Diego of Ribera Lord of Val de Corneja Gouernor of the fronter of Andalusia attempting the towne of Alora hee had beene slaine by the Inhabitants and them that defended it after whose death the King gaue the gouernement to D. Pedro Alfan his sonne a young man but fifteene yeares old Don Roderigo Manriques somwhat to ease this losse tooke the towne of Huescar by scalado and the castle afterwards by â—ight for the recouerie of which place there were enterprises and incounters betwixt the Christians and the Moores all that yeare 1434. in the which dyed D. Iohn of Contreras Arch-bishop of Toledo and Primat of Spaine and to him succeeded D. Iohn of Crezuela brother by the mothers side to the Constable D. Aluaro de Luna About that time the king of Castile gaue vnto the Earle of Armagnac who had alwaies shewed himself his great friend and partizan in the wars against Nauar the towns of Cangas and Tinco with the title of an Earle and there arriued at Madrid ambassadors from Charles the 7. the French king to renew the league betwixt France and Castile to whom the king gaue audience in great state and sitting on a high throne he gaue them a good and friendly answer who after much feasting were sent home well satisfied there they did see a tame lyon lying at the kings feet a thing which is not ordinarie The same yeare dyed D. Henry of Villena Death of Don Henry of Villena the kings vncle son to D. Pedro and nephew or grand-child to D. Alphonso of Arragon who had beene Marquis of Villena and first Constable of Castile a Prince abusing learning wherein he had beene bred giuing himselfe to infamous Magicke arts whereof he had written many treatises the which by the kings commandement and by the censure of Friar Lopes of Barientos then Schoole-master to D. Henry Prince of the Asturia's were for the most part burnt The king beeing in pilgrimage at Guadalupe Defeate of the Master of Alcantara by the Moores D. Guttiere of Soto maior the new Master of Alcantara being entred into the Moores countrie with 800. horse and 400. foot was surprized and compassed in by the Moors in a streight passage so as there hardly escaped an hundred of his whole troupe This crosse shold haue admonished him of the bad office he had done his vncle and the Infant D. Pedro the which although they would couer with a colour of the kings seruice yet was it a plotted treason D. Fernand Aluares of Toledo Lord of Val de Corneja had bin also in danger if he had not speedily retired from Huelma which hee sought to force hauing failed to take it by scalado for a great number of Moores marched to fight with him and hee had not sufficient forces to resist them Hauing retyred with his men to Taen he entred by Guadix scoured the country and was sharply incountred by the Moores who notwithstanding were vanquished D. Fernand Aluares spoiling two leagues round about Guadix The truce betwixt Castile Nauarre and Arragon beeing expired in the yeare 1435. there came ambassadors to the court of Castile Arragon from the Queenes of Arragon and Nauar to beseech the king for a propagation of the truce in the absence of their husbands which the king granted them for some moneths the which was the sooner obtained by their sending of D. Iohn de Luna the Constables cousin who gouerned the king his Master These two kings breethren were gone into Italy to poursue the realme of Naples where
Ferdinands embassadour vsed great diligence Pope Iulio had cast himselfe into the Florentines armes who were friends and allies to the French king to obtaine some good conditions of peace by their meanes but being better informed of the whole successe by Iulio de Medicis who was afterwards cardinall and then Pope Clement the seuenth he changed his resolution and continued the warre being incouraged by the descent of the Suisses into Italiâ— to defend the Church of Rome At that time began the first session of the Councel of Latran that of Milan being so ridiculous as the cardinall Iohn of Medicis a prisoner hauing ample authoritie from the Pope gaue dispensations absolued from censures and did all acts of an Apostolike Legat with a great concourse of people before the cardinals and prelates of the opposite Councell the which the gouernours of Milan for the French king did not contradict King Lewis fearing to be assailed in Fraunce by the forces of Spaine and England and and the Suisses being incensed against him Victorie of Rauenna vnprofitable for the French hauing passed the Alpes with the cardinall of Sion the Popes Legat the Emperour Maximilian hauing also called home all the Germans that serued the French prest with many difficulties he was forced to yeeld the field to the enemie and after that he had sought an accord in vaine to abandon the estate of Milan and to retire his forces into France and to defend his owne The cardinals of the Councell of Pisa retired Bolonia and in a manner all other places were recouered Genoa obtained her libertie and Iohn Fregoso was chosen duke so as the French king had nothing remaining in Lombardie but the castle of Milan that of Cremona Bresse Crema Lignago the Lanterne of Genoa and Castellet 28 Thus Pope Iulio seeing his affaires so succesfull Popes fulminations against K. Lewis the xiâ— began to thunder out his spirituall censures and fulminations against K. Lewis causing him to be declared by a decree of the Councell of Latran an heretike and schismatike depriuing him for that cause of all honour and royall dignitie yea of the name of Most Christian which had beene so long affected to the kings of Fraunce which title he would transferre to the kings of England And on the other side he did honour the king D. Ferdinand with the title of Catholike the which the kings of Spaine carrie at this day vnder colour of the happie warres which he had made and ended against the Moores which had vsurped the prouinces in Spaine and other Infidels but being chiefly mooued by the good offices which he had done for him and the See of Rome opposing himselfe at that time against the French and the Councell of Pisa and fauouring the designes of Pope Iulio which were to prejudice the Crowne of France whereof letters and Apostolike briefes were presented vnto king Ferdinand being in the citie of Burgos in the yeare 1512. The realme of France was not so easie to be swallowed vp as that of Nauarre Nauarre which was inuaded by the duke of Alua king Iohn and queene Katherine being at Pampelone and the Castillan armie within eight leagues of them they were so vnprouided of all meanes to make resistance King Iohn of Albret forced to retire into France as king Iohn could take no better resolution then to abandon the realme and retire himselfe into Fraunce The inhabitants of Pampelone seeing themselues forsaken demaunded of him That seeing he left them what his pleasure was they should doe Defend your selues said he as well as you can and if you cannot make it good yeeld vnto king Ferdinand vpon some good conditions for I will take good order that he shall not long enjoy Nauarre Queene Katherine found it strange that the king her husband should so soone abandon his realme before that the armie of Castille had done any notable exploit but whether it were feare or distrust that he had of them of Pampelone who he knew were affected to the earle of Lerin and to the faction of Beaumont he left it notwithstanding all her reasons and persuasions on the two and twentieth of Iulie this yeare 1512 saying That he had rather liue in woods and mountaines than to be a prisoner in his owne countrey His retreat was by the vallie of Baztan and the castle of Moya and so went to the Court of France leauing the queene his wife at Pampelone who hauing stayed there but two dayes after him followed him with prince Henrie her sonne and three daughters and hauing ouertaken him among other speeches ful of bitternesse Speech of Q. Katherine to the king her husbaÌ„d she said vnto him O King you shall remaine Iohn of Albret and neuer thinke more of the realme of Nauarre for that hauing beene superflâ—ously good you haue beene the lesse esteemed of your subiects and haue vndone your selfe and your realme D. Pedro the marshall of the realme parted with these princes and many other knights of the faction of Gramont Facâ—ioÌ„ of Beaumont in the Court of Nauarre D. Lewis of Beaumont earle of Lerin had such intelligences in the Court and throughout the realme of Nauarre as hee had particular aduise of all that was done whereof he aduertised the duke of Alua who marching before came and camped within two leagues of Pampelone hauing in his armie six thousand foot a thousand men at armes and fifteene hundred light horse Castillans besides the supplies of Beaumont their friends kinsfolkes and partisans Then the inhabitants of Pampelone sent forth vnto the duke requiring that they might be receiued vpon certaine lawes and conditions for they had no power to defend themselues nor it may be will To whom answer was made by the duke That it was for the vanquisher to prescribe lawes vnto the vanquished wherefore they should resolue to yeeld themselues freely into his hands or to attend all the miseries and calamities which are vsually felt in the expugnation of townes by reason whereof he restrained their demaunds to the obseruation of their auncient priuiledges and liberties the which was granted them and moreouer some prouisions for the present estate Articles vpon the yeelding of Pampelone to the duke of Alua. Among these articles that were agreed vpon the chiefe of them were these 1 That the duke of Alua should from thenceforth be patron and mediator for the inhabitants of Pampelone in the demaunds and requests which they should make vnto the kings D. Ferdinand and D. Ioane for all matters either honourable or profitable 2 That such as should remaine vassals or seruants to the kings of Castille should be maintained in their goods and estates fees rents and pensions whatsoeuer which they had beene accustomed to receiue from precedent kings And to such as meant to retire themselues such things should not be payed but to the day of the yeelding vp of the citie 3 That the kings receiuors should gather vp the rents reuenues imposts and
Spaine begging therein the authoritie of the great master of Rhodes who was discontented that the Pope should take vpon him to conferre that priorie to D. Anthonie of Estuniga causing the grant of the order to be brought expresly from Rhodes to that end D. Anthonie complaining in vaine to the Pope both of the king and great master who for his last refuge retired into Flanders to king Charles beseeching him to confirme and maintaine that which his father Philip had done the which hee obtained when as he was aduertised of the death of king Ferdinand for king Charles did write in his fauour vnto the Pope And so D. Diego of Toledo and D. Anthonie of Estuniga began to fall to suit for this priorie at Rome where D. Anthonie did win his cause and got letters of execution from the Pope with the which and the Popes fauourable letters he came vnto king Charles who sent him into Spaine to cardinall Ximenes whom he commaunded to take into his hands all the places of the priorie admonishing the duke of Alba and his son to retire their men and to referre the controuersie to him to compromise and if the duke of Alba should refuse he should then cause the kings letters and sentence to be executed forcing them to obey that should oppose themselues notwithstanding any oppositions The duke of Bejar with his brother D. Anthonie of Estuniga presented these letters and commaundement from the king to the cardinall the which the duke of Alba vnderstanding being out of hope to procure any delay from the cardinall for hee was well acquainted with the nature of the man and knew well that he desired to see this processe in the which there had past many threats and injurious words ended hee resolued to oppose himselfe and to crosse his proceedings by force He had of his part the duke of Escalona and many other noblemen the which did trouble his aduerse partie At that time the cardinall was troubled with a tertian ague the which did animate the duke of Alba and his partie and gaue them hope to prolong the processe and to keepe the possession vntill that the king said they were better informed But being somewhat recouered of his sicknesse he called both parties and enioyned them to lay aside armes vntill he were better informed of the right The cardinall would haue the places sequestred according to the kings letters wherein seeing great difficultie by the practises and force vsed on the duke of Albaes part in the end he propounded to execute the kings letters brought by D. Anthonie of Estuniga wherein there was a diuision among the counsellors some holding that the duke of Albaes cause was more just and for that said they there was some obscuritie in the letters not being certaine whether the duke of Alba referring the matter to the kings arbitrement might still hold the possession as depositarie vntill the cause were ended or else vntil the king shold name another depositarie into whose hands the places the priorie should be deliuered they thought it therefore necessarie to haue another warrant of which aduice were doctor Adrian the seignior of Chaux The cardinall banding himself against all these difficulties he brought all the councel to that point as they concluded the kings letters should be executed The duke of Alba forgetting nothing that might helpe his cause imploied in his fauor queene Germaine the French king and the king of England by whose meanes king Charles was not so resolute to restore D. Anthonie of Estuniga to his Priory whereof the Cardinall being aduertised hee wrote letters of complaint vnto the king to the Lord of Cheuâ—es and to the whole councell of Flanders shewing them how necessarie constancie and perseuerance were in such like ordinances and decree then hee thought it good to call the duke of Alba vnto him Speech of Cardinall Ximenes to the duke of Alba. to whome in the presence of the councell and the earle of Osorâ—o hee said friendly that he should temper the heat which hee saw in him in the pursute of his rights and that there would be meanes if he himself did not hindeâ—it to reconcile all things without tumult or armes wherefore he did aduise him to put the priory into the kings hands to dispose according vnto right and justice assuring him that if hee did it willingly hee would mitigate much of the rigour of the commandement which hee had receiued from the king and that hee would deliuer the Priorie into the hands of D. Pedro Bazan who hee knew was much affected to his house and hee should keepe it vntill the kings comming promising moreouer that he would then cause the deliuerie of it to D. Anthonie to bee staied for three moneths that in the meane time hee might worke his best meanes These conditions were contemned by the Duke of Alba who departed saying that the Cardinall might doe better if hee list and not derogate any thing from the kings authority and going from Madrid with this discontent bee went to his kinsmen and friends to conferre with them of the enterprize which hee had in his braine all dissuading him from opposing himselfe against the Cardinall witnes the calamity of them of Villefratre and of the earle of Vregna for the which they gaue him such reasons as at that time hee yeelded to their counsels But falling afterwards into furie the Cardinal was forced to come to the last remedy calling together his Legionary companies both horse and foot as well to gard and fortifie the councell and justice Defeat of the duke of Albas men by the Cardinals companies as to suppresse the mutines and keepe them from ioyning together which forces did incounter and put to rout about a thousand foote and some horse of the duke of Albas and stript them in the diocesse of Toledo After which rout the duke comming to himselfe hee imployed the fauour of Queene Germaine and doctor Adrian and came to Madrid where hee was so tractable as hee yeelded the Priorie at the Cardinals discretion for hee shewed him with what vprightnesse he proceeded in this businesse Duke of Alba submits himself to Cardinall Ximenes and let him read the originall letters hee had receiued of the kings commandement to the end hee might know it was no cause that hee did affect and seeke adding that hee should consider with himselfe wherein hee might assist him preseruing his honour and the king his masters seruice assuring him that hee would not faile him to whome the duke made answere that hee would not intreat any other thing of him but after that his sonne should be depriued of the priory the king would remember that their house had alwaies been affectionat to the crowne and haue regard vnto it and for that hee had vnderstood that he would leaue the priory in deposito in the hands of D. Ferdinand Andrada who had married D. Francis of Estuniga kinswoman to his aduerse party he desired
vpon their defence onely this fight continued the whole day in the which some of the Spanish ships were sunke and some being spoiled and not able to follow the fleete were taken by the States men and carried to Flessingue I omit the repitition of euery particularity because you may reade them in the Duch History The Duke of Medina seeing that he had done what hee had in charge thought it best now to retire holding it better to hazard a dangerous passage by the North of Ireland then to stay stil vpon the coast of Flanders with apparent danger hauing no means to ioyne with the Duke of Parma wherevpon they packt on all their sailes hauing a greater will to flie then to fight whom the English followed for a while but seeing them bend their course Northward they left them and retired into England It seemes that God did miraculously defend the English for in all their seuerall fights they lost not one ship nor a man of account and not aboue a hundred common persons Thus the Spanish fleet hauing lost ten or twelue of their best ships with foure or fiue thousand men besides those that were sicke and wounded whose number was great distrest with wants and despayring of all helpe from the Duke of Parma who prepared for their returne they sought to get into Spaine behind Scotland and Ireland expecting smal releefe in Scotland and that Norway could not supply their wants they tooke all the fishermen they could meet withall to serue them for Pilots and fearing the want of fresh water they cast their horses ouer-board and so they sailed Northwards till they came to 62. degrees Then the Duke of Medina commanded the whole fleet to bend their course for Spaine or Portugal and himselfe with about 25. saile that were best prouided of fresh water kept out at sea and so got into Spaine Don Martin de Ricalde the Admiral with some forty ships sailed neerer Ireland hoping to refresh then selues there but a great storme arysing about the second of September they were disperst and many of them were driuen vpon that coast Ships cast away vpon the coast of Ireland and there cast away some sunke some broken some runne on sands and some burnt by the Spaniards themselues to the number of seuenteene great ships some write they lost vpon sixe and thirty or eight and thirty ships in which I take it they comprehend some that were lost vpon the coast of Norway and that sunke at sea Yet it was constantly reported that of all that great fleet of a hundred thirty foure saile that went out of Lisbone there returned but fifty three ships great and smal Of them perished in Ireland there were specially named a Galleasse two great Venetian ships called La Ratta and Balanzara and the Galleon called our Lady of Rosa of a thousand tunne in the which D. Michel d' Oquendo General of the squadron of Guipuscoa was in which ship there perished by the confession of the Pilot fiue hundred men Others write that heremained in Flanders after his lang at Calis and not any one was saued but himself among others besides the General Oquendo there died as he said the Prince of Ascoly held to bee the King of Spaines base son Matut a Commander of the souldiers Villafranca captaine of the said ship with many Knights and Aduenturers of account Moreouer hee confest that there was in that ship 50. canons all brasse for the field 25. peeces of brasse and iron belonging to the ship 50. tuns of sack 15000. ducats in gold with much plate and rich furniture After the Duke of Medin as returne with the remainder of his fleet into Spaine many died of sicknesse or of the wounds which they had receiued Many taxed the Duke for this vnfortunate successe but he like a iudicious Prince who had vnwillingly vndertaken that charge laied the blame vpon his Pilots and the Duke of Parma who was not ready to ioyne with him so as the King allowed of his reasons and gaue him leaue to goe home and rest himselfe There died many Commanders and men of account after their returne as D. Iohn Martinez de Ricalde D. Diego Floris de Baldes D. Alonso de Lieua D. Diego de Maldonado D. Francisco de Bouadillo D. George Manriquez al of the counsell of warre And many were taken prisoners some in Ireland as D. Alonso de Luson a Collonel two of the house of Cordoua and D. Roderigo de Lasso and some in Zeland as D. Diego de Pimentel a Collonel Finally the losse was such as there was not any great house in Spaine but had some particular cause to mourne for some one of their bloud The Duke of Parma was much blamed by the Spaniards that were in the Low countries but he excused himselfe for that as he said the Spanish fleet came to soone and to free himselfe he caused some to be hanged which had not discharged their duties After the ruine of this great Spanish fleet An. 1589. there fel a great iarre betwixt the Lord of Champagni and Mounsieur Richardot who was much fauored by the Duke of Parma these two hauing run contrary courses in their treaty of peace in Flanders with the Queene of Englands Commissioners So as after this bad successe Champaigny taxed the Duke of Parma of negligence writing many letters of the like tenor into Spaine where of the Infanta Isabella the Kings eldest daughter affecting the Duke well did still aduertise him who seeing his reputation and seruice thus called in question sent Richardot President of Arthois Richardot sent into Spaine by the Duke of Parma into Spaine to the King to make answere to all obiections and slanders wherewith they had incensed him seeking to bring him in disgrace and to get his gouernment from him accusing him that hee had not done his duty concerning the Spanish fleete and that hee had receiued a great affront before Berghen vp Zoome for that hee would not beleeue the counsell of such as would haue disswaded him from that enterprise but Richardot gaue good satisfaction to the King and his Councell and returned with a Commission for the continuance of his gouernment in despight of his enemies The King of Spaine beeing aduertised of the vnfortunate successe of his fleet and army which he had sent to inuade England after the returne of such as were remayning of that miserable wracke hee beganne to examine euery mans merits and who had deserued reward and who punishment in this action to preserue vnto himselfe with the feare of some and the loue of others the authority of a wife Prince wherevpon hee rewarded the heires of Don Alphonso de Lieua who as they said was drowned with a thousand persons vpon the coast of Ireland He did punish seuerely Fernando Lopes who was campe Master generall and Antonio de Gueuara Pouruoier generall was depriued of his Office for his misdemeanors In the meane time they had newes
by whome he had three sonnes and one daughter of the which at his death there remained onely the prince who was then called Charles Laurence but at his comming to the Crowne he was surnamed Philip the third He ended his dayes with an act of wisedome worthie of his long experience Princes cannot enter into their realmes by a better port than the loue of their subjects If their fathers be dead desired and lamented they must doe some great matter to mollifie this sorrow Painters are no more bound to represent the true lineaments of the face than princes are to represent their fathers vertues whose liuelie images they are Before his death hee made an Edict which could not be pleasing vnto his subiects who began to murmure and it seemed that they would not be so satisfied if they proceeded to execution Wisedome of the King of Spaine It was not made for that the king of Spaine had any desire to haue it executed and obserued but to the end he might giue the prince his sonne a good occasion to win the peoples hearts for he sayed presently that hee would neuer allow of the execution of that Edict and that he would breake his head that should first speake it the which hee spake so lowd as euerie man thought himselfe happie to liue vnder the command of such a prince who would proue better than his father We haue formerly made mention of a paper which the king drew out of a casket and deliuered to his sonne the which contained this instruction following My sonne Instruction of the King of Spaine to his Sonne I haue beene euer carefull to leaue you your Estate setled and in peace but neither the many yeares which I haue liued nor the assistance of princes my allies could euer purchase it I confesse that I haue spent in lesse than thirtie three yeares fiue hundred ninetie and foure millions of ducats all which haue bred me nothing but cares and troubles It is true I conquered Portugall but as France did easily escape me so may this be wrested from me I would to God I had followed the aduice of the Emperour Charles my deceased father of famous memorie or at the least that you would beleeue and follow mine I should then beare my crosses more willingly and should die with more content leauing you in this vallie of miseries Behold then what I leaue you for an euerlasting restament besides so many kingdoms and Estates that you may see as in a glasse after what maner you shall gouerne your selfe after my death Be alwayes verie watchfull of the alteration and change of States to make your profit thereby according to occurrents Haue a vigilant eye ouer them that are most familiar with you in councell You haue two meanes to entertaine your realmes of Spaine the one the present gouernement the other the trade to the East and West Indies As for the gouernement you must either relie vpon the nobilitie or vpon the Clergie If you leane vnto the Church-men keepe the other in awe as I haue done but if you fortifie your selfe with the nobilitie shorten the reuenues of the Clergie as much as you may If you seeke to countenance them alike they will consume you and trouble your realms whereof you shall neuer see a finall conclusion Consideration of Forraine Princes If you will make good vse of the nobilitie my aduice is that you keep good correspondencie with the Low Countries for they are friends to the French English and some princes of Germanie therein you can haue little assistance from Italie Poland Sueden Denmark or Scotland The king of Scotland is poore Denmarke drawes his reuenues from foreine nations Sueden is euer in faction and not well situated the Polonians are alwaies masters of their kings Italie although it bee rich yet is it far off and the princes are of diuers humors On the other side the Low Countries are populous rich in shipping constant in labour diligent in search hardie to vndertake and willing to endure It is true I haue giuen these prouinces to your sister but it imports not there are an hundred euasions whereof in time you may make your profit The chiefe are that you keepe your selfe alwaies gardian to her children and that there be no alteration concerning religion for these two points taken away you are quite depriued of those countries And then will some other princes present themselues and bind them vnto them by some meanes which may proue your ruine If you thinke to fortifie your selfe against this by the Clergie you shall purchase many enemies I haue tried yet keepe good correspondencie with the Popes Aduice touching the Pope be bountifull and kind vnto them entertain such cardinals as they fauour most and labour to beare a sway in the Conclaue Keepe friendship with the bishops of Germanie but commit not the distribution of their pensions to the Emperor Let them know you they will serue you the more willingly and will receiue your presents more thankfully Draw not any neere vnto you that are of base condition neither respect the nobilitie and commons alike for seeing I must now speake the truth their pride is great they are verie rich they must haue what they desire they will be burthensome vnto you and in the end will be your masters Serue your selfe then with such as are of the noblest families and aduance them to preferments of great reuenues the common sort are not so needfull for they will procure you a thousand discontents which will consume you Beleeue not any of them if they be not of qualitie Free your selfe from English spies and French pensions Imploy some of the noblemen of the Low Countries confidently whom you shall haue bound vnto you by fealtie Councel touching the Indies As for the Nauigation of the East and West Indies therein consists the strength of the kingdome of Spaine and the meanes to curbe Italie from the which you shall with much difficultie restraine France and England their power is great they haue many mariners the seas are spatious their marchants too wealthie their subiects too greedie of gaine and their seruants too faithfull I haue excluded the Low Countries but I feare in time mens humors may change and therefore you must often change your ministers at the West Indies Such as you call home make them of your Councel for the Indies and so in my opinion you shal neuer be circumuented but both the one and the other will acquaint you with the gaine aspiring to more honour See how the English seeke to depriue you of that commoditie they are mightie at sea both in men and shipping As for the French I doe not much feare them Fortifie your selfe with them of the Low Countries although they be partly heretikes and would continue so with this prouiso That they shall freely sell their marchandise in Spaine and Italie paying the kings customes and other dueties And in taking pasports to
and complaints that come from the Indies by way of appellation All which things they impart vnto the king They also appoint Visitors to goe into those Prouinces to eâ—amine how al Officers carrie themselues and to heare the peoples greeuances and they punish or dismisse as they shall see cause The Councell of Orders The Councell of Orders It hath a President and foure Counsellours with wages hich must be Knights of the Order of Saint Iames Calatraua or Alcantara In this Councell they treat of suits which happen in Prouinces belonging vnto these orders and to see that the Knights weare their habits neatly This Councell appoints two and twentie Iustices in their Prouinces wherewith the royal Councell hath not to deale They punish the Commanders and knights which obserue not their orders They dispose of many Benefices Vicarages Chappels and other Offices in the Prouinces of their Orders but all with the kings priuitie and allowance The Councell which they call de Camera Councell de Camera It hath a President and three Counsellors of the most ancient of the Councell Royall which haue no wages In this Councell they prouide superiour officers for the Realme and they dispose of Bishopricks Chanonries and other Ecclesiastical liuings the king hauing the nomination from the Pope of Rome The Councell of Hazienda Councell of Hazienda where there is a President and three Counsellors without fees wherein they treat of the kings reuenues and of all dueties entries accompts like vnto our Exchequer in England There is a Counsell of accompts Councell of Accompts which consists of foure Counsellours in the which two of the kings chiefe Auditours haue place and the most ancient Counsellor presides In this councell they determine of â—utes touching the subsidies and taxes and giue order to Collectors for recouerie thereof The Councel of Cruzada Councell of the Cruzada It hath a President two Counsellours and three Anditours Their charge is onely to diuide the Cruzado by the bishopricks and to send forth Commissaries to gather it The Councell of Arragon Councell of Arragon Valentia and Cattalognia It hath a President who is called Vicechancellour with sixe Counsellours which haue wages They treat of the gouernment of those Realmes and of the Ilands of Maiorca Minorca Sardinia they appoint gouernors and Iudges and determine suits from those places by way of appeale and heare their greeuances and to giue rewards in the kings chamber of those realmes all with his Maiesties approbation The Councell of the Inquisition Councell of the Inquisition The President is called Inquisitor Maior an Office of great dignitie which most commonly the Archbishop of Toledo holdes hee hath six counsellors or Inquisitors they appoint all the Inquisitors Prouosts and Secretaries in all the Inquisitions within the Realme which are aboue twentie in either of which are three or foure Inquisitors who deale in matters of Heresie with such men as do or say any thing against the church of Rome And before they condemne any offendor they send him to this Councell to determine of him The Councell of Descargos Councell of Descargos treates of the paying of the old kings debts and the execution of their last wils There are two Chanceries in Spaine Chanceries of Spaine one at Vailledolit and another at Granado either of which hath a President and twelue Counsellors They take knowledge of all ciuil causes which come vnto them by way of appeale from other inferiour courts They also take knowledge of sutes for the estates and inheritances of Noblemen from the which they may appeale to the Councel royall if the matter in question exceed the value of foure thousand ducats There are foure Alcaldes or Prouosts of the Chancerie who determine of all ciuill and criminall causes within fiue leagues from whome they appeale to the counsellours of the Chauncerie There is a Councell for the realme of Nauarre Councell of Nauarre where there is a Regent sixe Councellors and foure Alcaldes or Prouosts they take knowledge of suites both ciuil and criminall within that Realme and end them there of what qualitie soeuer they be without appeale whereof they consult euerie weeke with the Viceroy who determines what they shall doe There is also a Regent Councel of Gallicia 4 Councellors and 4 Prouosts in the realm of Gallicia who end all suits within that realme but they deale not in questions of Nobilitie and Gentrie which goe to the Chancerie of Vailledolit The Citie of Seuille with the dependances Councell of Seuille hath a Regent 6 Councellors and 4 Prouosts who take knowledge of all ciuill and criminall matters whereof the iudges of the said citie or realm haue giuen sentence There is an appeale from them to the royal councel all questions of Nobilitie goe to the Chancerie of Granado The President of the Councell royall of Iustice appoints all the Councellors Power of the President of the Councell royall Prouosts Presidents Regents of the Chanceries changeth them from one to another draws them to be Councellors of that Court Moreouer he names sixty and sixe Gouernors of Cities and Prouinces changing them as occasion shall require These Gouernors or Iudges haue commonly two or three Lieutenants in the townes of their gouernment They or their Lieutenants gouerne the cities or prouinces which are vnder their charge with twelue or more Aldermen which hee hath in euerie citie and towne which Aldermen doe onely deale with the maintenance of the citie and with the publike works wherein they haue a voice but the gouernours or their Lieutenants determine of al murthers thefts or other misdemeanors and punish according to the qualitie of the fact euerie Gouernour hath as much power in these matters as the king himselfe the matter being iustifiable and they may deale in al matters for that their CoÌ„missions are verie ample representing the kings person from whome they doe appeale to the Chanceries of Vailledolit or Granado I am afraid to enter into any discourse of the reuenues of this king Reuenues of the king of Spaine men write so diuersly therof some write that he hath but 14 millions of ducats comming in yeerly others say eighteen Millions and some bring it to 23 millions which differences may haply with some limitations bee reconciled But whatsoeuer it bee it is most certaine that during the warres of the Low-countries it was too little to mainteine his charge for although that Naples Sicile Milan Sardinia Maiorca and Minorca Flaunders and Burgondie yeeld him aboue fiue Millions yearely yet there comes little of all this to his cofers being imployed in the entertainment of Viceroys Gouernors Captaines Garrisons Officers and other charges in those countries The kings reuenues in Spaine rise not from his demeanes as in some other Countries but from the great impositions which hee rayseth vpon the ports of the Sea and from his drie Ports which bee the passages from one
spoile the realme of Nauarre 929 Caia a small streame diuiding Castile from Portugal 938 Cadiz vnited to the crown of Castile 947 Capitulation betwixt king Fernand and Mahomet the Little 940 Causes of the D. of Alua's discontent 950 Causes of hatred betwixt the Spaniards and Flemmings 1126 Causes of the rebellion of the Mores of Granado 1138. Carc mos speech to D. Antonio 1216 Celts passe into Spaine 10 Celtiberians take armes for the Romanes 40 Ceremonies of the Barbarians when they are sutors 95 Celtiberians defeated by Fuluius Flaccus 109 Caesar disarmes Afranius and Petreus 114 Cession of the rights of Roussillon to the house of Aniou 509 Ceremonie at the K. of Nauars coronation 625 Ceremony in taking possession of Nauarre 693 Ceremony of the Order of the golden fleece 696 Ceremonies vsed at the taking of any towns from the Moores 904 Caesar Borgia Cardinall Bishop of Pampelona 953 he is made Duke of Valentâ—nois 963 Ceremonies at the swearing of the Archduke Philip and D. Ioane Kings of Castile 967 Christian religion among the Gothes 129 Christians persecuted in Affricke 166 Christians follow the Moores in their armes for spoile 168 Charlemagne made heire of Ouiedo and afterward reiected 181 Change of the Estate of Castile 195 Christians defeated by the Moores and the heire of Castile slaine 266 Change of Religion among the Arabians in Spain 301. Christians persecuted by the Mores in Spaine ibi Chiefe conuents of the Knights of S. Iames 318 Christians in pay with the Mores against the king of Castile 361 Children of King Thibaud the second 391 Charles of Aniou made k. of Naples Sicily 412 Charles Prince of Salerne defeated and taken by the Arragonois 421 Charles of Valois tefuseth to quit his right to Cattelonia 432 Christians defeated by the Moores 556 Charles king of Nauar a leper 606 Christians defeated by the Moores neere to Montexicar 674 Change of Bishops in Spaine 723 Choler of the king of Castile 732 Christians being victors are vanquished 736 Charles Prince of Viana cals himselfe King of Nauarâ—e 754 he is imprisoned by his father 793 hee is deliuered out of prison and poysoned by his step-mother 764 Charitie of K. Fernand and Queene Izabella 881 Christians defeated by the Moores 914 Chancerie transported from cite Real to Granado 877. Charge of Bishops in Castile 883 Chancelor of Arragon accused to haue sought to dishonor Queene Germaine 920 Cheures Gouernor to Charles Prince of Spain 925 Charles king of Spaine chosen Emperour of Germany called the fift 960 his departure out of Castile forced ib. his entry into Pampelona 973 his coronation at Bolonia 979. his going with an army to Tunis 987. his comming into Sicily 993. he goes with an army into Prouence 994. his voyage to Alger 1002. his constancie and pietie 1005. he sollicits K. Fernand his son 1034 he resigns the gouernment to his son Phil. 1041 he resignes the Empire to his brother 1076 hee passeth into Spaine to a solitarie life 1077. his death 1081 Christian slaues seaze vpon the castle of Tunes 990 Christians land with an army at Gerbe 1086 D. Charles Prince of Spaine grieuously sicke 1094 he is vnpleasing to his father 1126. he was vnable for women 1133 Charles Archduke of Austria sent into Spain 1137 Circuit of all Spaine 14 Ciuill warre in Arabia 165 Cid Ruis Dias returnes into Castile 250 Ciuill warres in Castile 351 Ciuill warres corrupt the best men 736 Clause in D. Alphonso's will prodigious 281 Clement of Launoy Viceroy in Naples 429 Clergy of Toledo deliuer the city to K. Henry 803 Clergie of Spaine fâ—eed from paying the tenth peny for their benefices 946 Clergie of Spaine helpe the king with mony 1111 Conâ—ectures that the Celtes were mingled with the Iberians 4 Course of the riuer of Ebro 15 Course of the riuers of Tagus and Guadiana 16 Contempt of militarie discipline followes a victorie 42 Councell of Carthage neglect Spaine thinking to get Italy ibid. Courage of Lucius Martius keepes the Romaines from despaire 48 Confidence of P. Cornelius Scipio sonne to Publius Scipio slaine in Spaine 51 Conâ—bates vpon furious ambition 67 Concord the ground of liberty 75 Contrebia taken by the Romaines 90 Colonie of Libertines 94 Conspiracie of Spaniards at Numantia 95 Corduba built by Marcellus 96 Combate betwixt Aemilianus a Spaniard 96 Couetousnes drew Lucullus into Spaine 97 L. Comodus Verus a persecuter of the church 121 Councel of Illiberis 121 Councels of Sardica and Syrmium 125 Constantine a tyrant 131 Councell at Toledo 136 Councell at Taracona Saragoffa and other places 137. Conspiracie of the son and mother-in-law against the father 141 Councell of Toledo 143 Councell of Seuile 144 Continuance of the Goths kingdom in Spaine 154 Councell of the Mahometists at Damas 164 Conquests of Alphonso the first and 3. King of Ouiedo 173 Confusion and ciuill warre among the Mores 223 Councels called in Nauarre 228 Combat of one Knight against another 246 Conquests of the King of Arragon vppon the Moores 249 Controuersies for ecclesiasticall matters decided by armes 255 Cowardize of the sonnes in law of Cid Ruis Diaz 263. Couetousnes of the Geneuois infamous 266 Conuersion of Moise a Iew 268 Confirmation of a peace betwixt Nauarre and Castile 293 Cordoua yeelded to the king of Castile ibid. Confirmation of the Order of Calatraua 311 Conuent for the Knights of S. Iames built 318 Colledges commanderies and Hospitals belonging to the Knights of S. Iames 319 Councell of S. Iohn de Latran vnder Innocont the third 348 Conuents of the Order of S. Dominicke built by the King of Castile 355 Contentions in Arragon 356 Confines of Murcia and Valencia 380 Cordoua surprized by the Christians 370 Contumacie of D. Alphonso king of Portugal 390 Councell at Lyons vnder Pope Gregory the tenth 399 Complaints and requests of King Alphonso to the Pope but in vaine 409 Courade poysoned by Manfroy 412 Conference of Deputies for the Kings of France Castile 429 Conditions of peace betwixt the King of Arragon and Charles of Naples a prisoner 432 Compromise betwixt the Christian Princes of Spaine 447 Coronation of Philip of Eureux king of Nauarre 478. Conditions betwixt the king of Castile and the Prince of Wales 569 Conditions of peace propounded by the King of Portugall to Castile 638 Conditions propounded by the duke of Beneuent 646. Councell of a Iew against Iewes 658 Councell of Constance 677 Combats not to be allowed among Christians 979 Conquest of the Canaries 680 Controuersie betwixt England and Castile for precedence 707 Conditions of peace betwixt Castile Nauarre and Arragon 712 Constable of Castile sent from the court for sixe yeares 721 Councell to arme a multitude dangerous 325 Confederates beseeged in Olmedo 729 Condemnation of the confederates 731 Constable restored to fauour and made Master of S. Iames 731 hee is charged and in danger to be slaine 741 his possessions 745. Complaints of the Arragonois oppressed 581 Complot betwixt king Iohn and Gaston