the_o three_o dynasty_a when_o the_o succession_n seem_v so_o clear_a and_o so_o certain_a a_o epocha_n as_o the_o building_n of_o rome_n to_o deduce_v their_o account_n from_o their_o chronology_n be_v yet_o uncertain_a for_o several_a of_o their_o best_a historian_n make_v no_o scruple_n to_o confess_v that_o no_o certain_a account_n can_v be_v give_v of_o rome_n which_o be_v 25_o year_n after_o the_o olympiad_n and_o but_o 752_o ant_n christum_fw-la till_o the_o regisugium_n which_o be_v 268_o year_n ante_fw-la christum_fw-la 384._o a_o fair_a account_n than_o we_o be_v like_a to_o expect_v concern_v the_o first_o rise_v of_o our_o own_o nation_n after_o so_o many_o revolution_n of_o age_n wherein_o truth_n seem_v as_o it_o be_v more_o and_o more_o to_o have_v withdraw_v herself_o from_o we_o which_o to_o trace_v out_o we_o must_v again_o return_v to_o the_o roman_n who_o be_v the_o best_a able_a to_o satisfy_v we_o in_o this_o case_n this_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o 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several_a petty_a ruler_n and_o prince_n of_o different_a interest_n and_o counsel_n he_o land_a in_o britain_n a._n m._n 3095._o or_o thereabouts_o but_o be_v repulse_v by_o câ—ssibelan_n a_o bold_a and_o warlike_a prince_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n or_o rather_o generalissimo_n by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o other_o roytelet_n to_o repel_v the_o common_a enemy_n he_o afterward_o make_v several_a inroad_n into_o it_o but_o without_o any_o great_a success_n he_o in_o the_o end_n be_v force_v to_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o government_n of_o its_o own_o king_n augustus_n tiberius_n and_o caligula_n seem_v with_o good_a advice_n to_o have_v neglect_v it_o but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n claudius_n plautius_n the_o praetor_n 43._o and_o after_o he_o ostorius_n subdue_v a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o nero_n be_v emperor_n suetonius_n his_o lieutenant_n gain_v a_o memorable_a victory_n over_o bonduce_v 57_o the_o wife_n of_o prasutagus_n king_n of_o the_o iceni_n after_o which_o time_n the_o roman_n still_o gain_v ground_n the_o island_n be_v at_o last_o total_o conquer_a in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n domitian_n 82._o and_o by_o his_o command_n first_o make_v a_o province_n under_o agricola_n who_o much_o about_o that_o time_n subdue_v scotland_n and_o ireland_n the_o roman_n after_o they_o have_v keep_v it_o in_o subjection_n several_a hundred_o year_n be_v upon_o the_o northern_a nation_n sack_v rome_n 4â—_n under_o the_o command_n of_o alaricus_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n recall_v by_o the_o emperor_n honorius_n at_o which_o time_n britain_n be_v leave_v in_o a_o manner_n naked_a and_o destitute_a of_o help_n the_o pict_n and_o scot_n present_o invade_v it_o the_o britain_n after_o they_o have_v repel_v they_o for_o several_a year_n be_v at_o length_n much_o weaken_v they_o counsel_v their_o king_n vortigern_n to_o call_v the_o saxon_n to_o their_o assistance_n by_o who_o aid_n under_o the_o command_v of_o their_o captain_n hengist_n and_o horsa_n they_o overcome_v their_o enemy_n in_o a_o pitch_a battle_n near_o stamford_n in_o lincolnshire_n they_o reward_v the_o saxon_n for_o this_o victory_n first_o with_o the_o isle_n of_o thanet_n and_o afterward_o with_o the_o whole_a county_n of_o kent_n who_o grow_v daily_o more_o powerful_a dispossess_v at_o length_n their_o benefactor_n of_o their_o native_a habitation_n 689._o so_o that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o cadwallader_n the_o last_o of_o the_o british_a king_n they_o be_v complete_a master_n of_o the_o whole_a island_n parcel_a it_o out_o into_o seven_o kingdom_n general_o call_v the_o saxon_n heptarchy_n the_o saxon_a king_n strive_v among_o themselves_o for_o sovereignty_n be_v at_o last_o after_o they_o have_v rule_v separately_z 129_o year_n reduce_v under_o subjection_n by_o egbert_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n a._n c._n 818._o who_o cause_v this_o land_n to_o be_v call_v england_n by_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o winchester_n from_o egbert_n england_n continue_v under_o the_o government_n of_o its_o own_o king_n till_o the_o year_n 1017_o which_o be_v 199_o year_n about_o which_o time_n edmund_n surname_v ironside_n be_v murder_a the_o dane_n have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n infess_v our_o coast_n hope_v to_o succeed_v as_o the_o saxon_n before_o they_o have_v do_v canutus_n king_n of_o denmark_n seize_v into_o his_o hand_n the_o regal_a government_n the_o danish_a king_n have_v rule_v england_n 29_o year_n edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o brother_n of_o edmund_n ironside_n succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n a._n c._n 1046._o who_o out_o of_o the_o saxon_a mercian_n and_o danish_a law_n compile_v one_o universal_a body_n of_o the_o law_n from_o whence_o our_o common_a law_n be_v think_v to_o have_v its_o original_a he_o reign_v 20_o year_n and_o die_v a._n c._n 1066._o to_o who_o succeed_v harold_n who_o have_v reign_v near_o a_o year_n be_v slay_v in_o a_o pitch_a battle_n near_o hastings_n in_o sussex_n a._n c._n 1067._o by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n from_o who_o begin_v the_o most_o exact_a computation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n thus_o much_o i_o think_v necessary_a to_o give_v the_o reader_n some_o insight_n into_o the_o first_o age_n of_o our_o nation_n which_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o perform_v in_o as_o concise_a a_o manner_n as_o the_o subject_n can_v possible_o admit_v of_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v in_o the_o description_n of_o england_n as_o it_o stand_v divide_v by_o king_n alfred_n into_o shire_n or_o county_n which_o i_o have_v place_v in_o that_o order_n as_o they_o be_v afterward_o treat_v of_o beginning_n with_o the_o learned_a cambden_n first_o in_o the_o further_a western_a part_n and_o so_o from_o thence_o pass_v over_o the_o other_o country_n in_o order_n imitate_v herein_o as_o he_o judicious_o observe_v strabo_n ptolemy_n and_o other_o the_o most_o ancient_a geographer_n who_o always_o begin_v their_o description_n in_o the_o western_a country_n as_o be_v first_o from_o the_o first_o meridian_n the_o shire_n of_o england_n be_v general_o compute_v to_o be_v 39_o to_o which_o if_o we_o add_v 13_o more_o in_o wales_n reckon_v the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n to_o be_v one_o the_o whole_a make_v 52._o 6_o of_o which_o be_v first_o ordain_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o a._n c._n 1280._o the_o rest_n be_v constitute_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o viiith_o by_o a_o parliamentary_a authority_n an._n dom._n 1510._o the_o name_n of_o the_o shire_n in_o england_n cornwall_n devonshire_n dorsetshire_n somersetshire_n wiltshire_n hampshire_n berkshire_n surrey_n sussex_n kent_n glocestershire_n oxfordshire_n buckinghamshire_n bedfordshire_n hartfordshire_n middlesex_n essex_n suffolk_n norfolk_n cambridgeshire_n huntingtonshire_n northamptonshire_n leicestershire_n rutlandshire_n lincolnshire_n nottinghamshire_n darbyshire_n warwickshire_n worcestershire_n staffordshire_n shropshire_n cheshire_n herefordshire_n radnorshire_n brecknockshire_n monmouthshire_n glamorganshire_n caermarthenshire_n
produce_v such_o number_n of_o cattle_n of_o such_o large_a proportion_n that_o even_o spain_n can_v scarce_o afford_v the_o like_a the_o principal_a town_n be_v these_o 1._o manchester_n a_o very_a beautiful_a town_n far_o excel_v all_o other_o round_o about_o it_o it_o be_v of_o good_a resort_n and_o be_v famous_a for_o clothe_v the_o marketplace_n be_v large_a and_o spacious_a it_o be_v also_o adorn_v with_o a_o very_a fair_a church_n and_o college_n found_v by_o thomas_n lord_n delaware_n it_o be_v in_o former_a time_n call_v mancunium_n and_o be_v make_v a_o fort_n and_o station_n of_o the_o roman_n 2._o riblechester_n though_o it_o be_v at_o present_a but_o a_o small_a town_n yet_o by_o tradition_n it_o have_v have_v the_o repute_n of_o the_o rich_a town_n in_o christendom_n and_o be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o roman_n which_o the_o many_o monument_n of_o their_o antiquity_n statue_n piece_n of_o coin_n and_o other_o several_a inscription_n dig_v up_o 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lie_v about_o it_o be_v call_v lonsdale_n it_o have_v a_o very_a good_a frequent_v market_n all_o the_o people_n round_o about_o repair_v hither_o on_o sunday_n to_o church_n 3._o kirkby_n stephen_n a_o fair_a market-town_n of_o good_a resort_n 4._o kendal_n situate_v in_o a_o dale_n on_o the_o river_n can_v from_o whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n it_o be_v the_o chief_a town_n in_o westmoreland_n have_v two_o long_o fair_a broad_a street_n cross_v one_o another_o it_o be_v of_o great_a trade_n and_o resort_v and_o for_o the_o diligent_a and_o industrious_a practice_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n so_o excel_v the_o rest_n that_o in_o regard_n thereof_o it_o carry_v a_o supereminent_a name_n above_o they_o and_o have_v great_a vent_n and_o traffic_n for_o her_o woollen_a clothes_n through_o all_o the_o part_n of_o england_n famous_a it_o be_v for_o give_v the_o title_n of_o earl_n to_o john_n duke_n of_o bedford_n regent_z of_o france_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o cumberland_n in_o latin_a cumbria_n on_o the_o north_n bound_v on_o scotland_n on_o the_o south_n and_o west_n the_o irish_a sea_n beat_v upon_o it_o and_o eastward_o above_o westmorlanâ—_n it_o confine_v on_o northumberland_n it_o be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n though_o know_v to_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o name_n of_o brigantes_n be_v the_o natural_a briton_n who_o call_v themselves_o 〈◊〉_d the_o air_n be_v pierce_v and_o of_o a_o sharp_a temperature_n and_o will_v be_v more_o bite_a be_v it_o not_o that_o the_o high_a hill_n oppose_v and_o break_v off_o the_o northern_a storm_n and_o dissolve_v the_o fall_a snow_n the_o province_n be_v very_o rich_a the_o vale_n smile_v with_o corn_n and_o the_o hill_n with_o pasture_n the_o sea_n afford_v plenty_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o land_n be_v overspread_v with_o variety_n of_o fowl_n the_o principal_a town_n be_v these_o 1._o keswick_n a_o little_a town_n seat_v in_o a_o very_a pleasant_a soil_n be_v compass_v about_o with_o hill_n king_n 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shire_n of_o wales_n but_o those_o two_o also_o beyond_o the_o severn_n viz._n herefordshire_n and_o monmouthshire_n which_o be_v now_o reckon_v among_o the_o county_n of_o england_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n the_o silures_n inhabit_v the_o south_n part_n call_v by_o one_o name_n dehubarth_n but_o now_o herefordshire_n radnorshire_n brecknockshire_n monmouthshire_n and_o glamorganshire_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v general_o impatient_a of_o servitude_n very_o valiant_a and_o give_v to_o war._n herefordia_fw-la be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o worcestershire_n and_o glocestershire_n on_o the_o south_n with_o monmouthshire_n on_o the_o west_n with_o radnor_n and_o brecknockshires_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o shropshire_n this_o county_n climate_n be_v healthful_a and_o temperate_a and_o the_o soil_n so_o fertile_a for_o corn_n and_o cattle_n that_o no_o place_n in_o england_n yield_v more_o the_o principal_a town_n be_v these_o 1._o hereford_n the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o 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safe_a there_o be_v reckon_v within_o it_o sixteen_o creek_n five_o bay_n and_o thirteen_o road_n know_v every_o one_o by_o its_o several_a name_n it_o be_v particular_o famous_a for_o the_o arrival_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o release_v england_n from_o the_o domestic_a calamity_n and_o civil_a misery_n it_o then_o groan_v under_o 3._o pembroke_n the_o principal_a town_n of_o this_o shire_n it_o stand_v on_o the_o east_n creek_n of_o milford-haven_n it_o be_v former_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o a_o castle_n which_o be_v now_o decay_v 4._o haverford_n situate_v in_o the_o demy_fw-fr island_n of_o this_o county_n by_z the_o welsh_z called_z ross_z by_o the_o english_a little_a england_n beyond_o wales_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o english_a tongue_n there_o speak_v it_o be_v a_o town_n the_o best_a trade_a and_o frequent_v of_o all_o south-wales_n it_o be_v fortify_v with_o a_o rampire_n and_o wall_n on_o the_o north_n side_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o
term_v the_o west_n ride_v the_o east_n ride_v the_o north_n ride_v west-riding_a be_v compass_v by_o the_o river_n ouse_n with_o the_o bind_v of_o lancashire_n and_o south_n limit_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o bear_v towards_o the_o west_n and_o south_n the_o principal_a town_n be_v these_o 1._o sheffield_n a_o town_n of_o great_a repute_n both_o for_o its_o inhabitant_n who_o be_v general_o smith_n as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o many_o iron_n mine_n which_o be_v find_v thereabouts_o it_o be_v fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a and_o ancient_a castle_n 2._o halyfax_n a_o famous_a town_n lie_v from_o west_n to_o east_n upon_o the_o steep_a descent_n of_o a_o hill_n it_o be_v not_o many_o year_n since_o it_o take_v this_o name_n it_o be_v former_o call_v horton_n be_v be_v so_o very_o populous_a that_o it_o be_v think_v to_o have_v 12000_o inhabitant_n 3._o wakefield_n a_o great_a market-town_n well_o frequent_v its_o building_n be_v very_o beautiful_a famous_a it_o be_v for_o its_o inhabitant_n get_v great_a store_n of_o wealth_n by_o make_v cloth_n nor_o be_v it_o less_o remarkable_a for_o its_o bridge_n upon_o which_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o erect_v a_o beautiful_a chapel_n in_o memory_n of_o those_o who_o lose_v their_o life_n in_o battle_n his_o own_o father_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o field_n by_o those_o that_o side_v with_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n 4._o leeds_n former_o a_o house_n of_o the_o king_n but_o now_o grow_v to_o be_v a_o populous_a rich_a town_n by_o reason_n of_o clothe_v 5._o towton_n a_o little_a country_n village_n which_o may_v not_o be_v unfit_o term_v england_n pharsalia_n famous_a it_o be_v for_o the_o battle_n between_o the_o house_n of_o york_n and_o lancaster_n where_o the_o lancastrian_n receive_v so_o terrible_a a_o overthrow_n that_o they_o leave_v more_o than_o 30000_o dead_a upon_o the_o place_n 6._o york_z the_o second_o city_n of_o england_n the_o fair_a in_o all_o this_o county_n it_o be_v a_o singular_a safeguard_n and_o ornament_n to_o all_o the_o northern_a part_n a_o pleasant_a place_n large_a and_o stately_a well_o fortify_v and_o beautiful_o adorn_v as_o well_o with_o private_a as_o public_a building_n rich_a populous_a and_o to_o its_o great_a dignity_n it_o have_v a_o stately_a cathedral_n consecrate_v to_o st._n peter_n and_o a_o archiepiscopal_n see_v which_o beside_o twelve_o bishopric_n in_o england_n exercise_v former_o the_o power_n of_o a_o primate_n over_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o scotland_n but_o it_o have_v now_o but_o four_o within_o its_o diocese_n viz._n the_o bishopric_n of_o durham_n of_o carlisle_n of_o chester_n and_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o man._n memorable_a it_o be_v for_o the_o death_n of_o severus_n the_o emperor_n and_o of_o constantine_n the_o father_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a east-riding_a on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n side_n it_o be_v bound_v with_o the_o river_n dargo_v on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o salt_n water_n of_o humber_n and_o on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o german_a ocean_n the_o principal_a town_n be_v these_o 1._o beverly_n a_o great_a town_n very_o populous_a and_o full_a of_o trade_n so_o name_v from_o john_n de_fw-fr beverly_n archbishop_n of_o york_n a_o godly_a and_o learned_a man_n who_o after_o he_o have_v give_v over_o his_o bishopric_n as_o weary_v of_o this_o world_n come_v hither_o and_o end_v his_o life_n in_o contemplation_n an._n dom._n 721._o 2._o hull_n a_o town_n found_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o which_o by_o little_a and_o little_o have_v rose_n to_o that_o dignity_n that_o for_o stately_a and_o sumptuous_a building_n for_o strong_a blockhouses_n for_o well-furnished_a ship_n for_o store_n of_o merchant_n and_o abundance_n of_o all_o thing_n it_o be_v become_v now_o the_o most_o famous_a town_n in_o all_o these_o part_n the_o inhabitant_n make_v a_o great_a trade_n of_o island_n fish_v dry_v and_o harden_v which_o they_o term_v stockfish_n whereby_o they_o gather_v a_o mass_n of_o riches_n 3._o patrington_n a_o town_n pleasant_o seat_v have_v a_o most_o delightful_a prospect_n on_o one_o side_n lie_v the_o main_a sea_n on_o the_o other_o the_o humber_n and_o over-against_o it_o the_o fresh_a and_o green_a border_n of_o lincolnshire_n the_o inhabitant_n glory_n much_o on_o the_o account_n of_o their_o antiquity_n and_o the_o commodiousness_n of_o their_o haven_n north-riding_a or_o the_o north_n part_n of_o this_o county_n stretch_v itself_o westward_o 60_o mile_n together_o even_o as_o far_o as_o to_o westmoreland_n it_o be_v limit_v on_o the_o one_o side_n with_o darwent_n and_o for_o a_o while_n with_o the_o river_n ure_n on_o the_o other_o side_n with_o the_o river_n tees_n run_v all_o along_o by_o it_o which_o on_o the_o north_n coast_n separate_v it_o from_o the_o bishopric_n of_o durham_n the_o principal_a town_n be_v these_o 1._o pickering_n a_o large_a town_n belong_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n situate_v upon_o a_o hill_n and_o defend_v by_o a_o old_a castle_n to_o which_o a_o great_a number_n of_o small_a village_n lie_v round_o about_o do_v appertain_v 2._o scarborough-castle_n be_v seâ—â—ed_v on_o a_o rock_n of_o a_o wonderful_a height_n and_o bigness_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o steep_a cliff_n be_v almost_o inaccessible_a on_o every_o side_n it_o be_v at_o first_o build_v by_o william_n le_fw-fr grosse_n earl_n of_o albermarle_n which_o be_v in_o process_n of_o time_n fall_v down_o it_o be_v afterward_o rebuilt_a by_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o here_o the_o hollander_n fish_n for_o herring_n demand_v first_o licence_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o castle_n 3._o rhidal_a a_o pleasant_a beautiful_a market-town_n adorn_v with_o twenty_o three_o parish-church_n through_o the_o midst_n whereof_o run_v the_o river_n rhy_z 4._o malton_n a_o large_a market-town_n well_o frequent_v for_o corn_n horse_n fish_n and_o implement_n of_o husbandry_n here_o be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n belong_v to_o the_o family_n of_o the_o vescy_n 5._o richmond_n a_o fair_a beautiful_a town_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n swall_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v former_o fortify_v with_o a_o wall_n who_o gate_n yet_o stand_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o town_n so_o that_o the_o suburb_n be_v extend_v far_o without_o the_o same_o it_o be_v indifferent_o populous_a and_o well_o frequent_v the_o people_n be_v most_o employ_v in_o knit_v of_o stocking_n wherewith_o even_o the_o decrepit_a and_o child_n get_v their_o own_o live_n durham_n in_o latin_a dunelmus_fw-la be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n by_o northumberland_n on_o the_o west_n where_o it_o be_v more_o narrow_a by_o westmoreland_n and_o cumberland_n on_o the_o south_n it_o have_v yorkshire_n and_o on_o the_o east_n the_o german_a ocean_n the_o air_n be_v sharp_a and_o pierce_a and_o will_v be_v more_o violent_a be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o vapour_n of_o the_o german_a sea_n which_o dissolve_v the_o ice_n and_o snow_n make_v the_o air_n more_o mild_a and_o temperate_a as_o for_o the_o soil_v the_o east_n part_n be_v by_o far_o the_o rich_a the_o principal_a town_n be_v these_o 1._o hartlepool_n a_o very_a large_a town_n of_o good_a resort_n it_o have_v a_o very_a safe_a and_o convenient_a harbour_n for_o ship_n 2._o durham_n a_o noble_a city_n seat_v on_o high_a and_o shape_v in_o form_n of_o a_o egg_n environ_v on_o all_o side_n but_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o river_n be_v it_o be_v fortify_v with_o a_o wall_n its_o building_n be_v beautiful_a but_o especial_o its_o cathedral_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o south_n side_n where_o the_o river_n wind_v its_o self_n about_o make_v a_o solemn_a and_o gallant_a show_n have_v a_o high_a tower_n in_o the_o midst_n anâ—_n two_o spire_n at_o the_o west_n end_n famous_a it_o be_v likewise_o for_o its_o castle_n which_o stand_v between_o two_o stone_n bridge_n over_o the_o river_n as_o also_o for_o its_o spacious_a marketplace_n and_o for_o st._n nicholas_n church_n which_o be_v a_o beautiful_a fabric_n near_o unto_o this_o city_n at_o nevil_n cross_n a_o sore_a battle_n be_v fight_v between_o the_o english_a and_o scot_n wherein_o david_n bruce_n king_n of_o scotland_n with_o many_o of_o his_o nobility_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o queen_n philippe_n wife_n to_o that_o glorious_a prince_n king_n edward_n the_o three_o who_o in_o person_n be_v present_a in_o the_o field_n lancashire_n in_o latin_a lancastria_n be_v enclose_v between_o yorkshire_n on_o the_o east_n side_n and_o the_o irish_a sea_n on_o the_o west_n on_o the_o south_n side_n where_o it_o bound_v on_o cheshire_n it_o be_v broad_a and_o by_o degree_n the_o more_o northward_o it_o go_v where_o it_o confine_v on_o westmoreland_n it_o be_v narrow_a the_o air_n be_v subtle_a and_o pierce_a not_o trouble_v with_o gross_a vapour_n but_o the_o soil_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v lean_a and_o barren_a yet_o it_o
castle_n of_o the_o king_n which_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o be_v repair_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o roman_a fort_n it_o be_v adorn_v with_o a_o fair_a church_n and_o a_o beautiful_a marketplace_n 6._o carlisle_z a_o city_n commodious_o and_o pleasant_o seat_v it_o be_v guard_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o channel_n of_o eden_n on_o the_o east_n with_o deterill_a on_o the_o west_n with_o caud_n beside_o these_o natural_a fence_n it_o be_v fortify_v with_o strong_a wall_n of_o stone_n with_o a_o castle_n and_o citadel_n in_o fashion_n it_o lie_v out_o somewhat_o long_o run_v out_o from_o west_n to_o east_n on_o the_o west_n side_n stand_v the_o castle_n repair_v by_o king_n richard_n the_o three_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o city_n stand_v the_o cathedral_n church_n the_o upper-part_n of_o which_o be_v the_o new_a be_v very_o artificial_o and_o curious_o wrought_v but_o the_o nether_a part_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a that_o this_o city_n flourish_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n divers_a token_n of_o antiquity_n now_o and_o then_o dig_v up_o there_o and_o the_o famous_a mention_n of_o it_o in_o those_o day_n do_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o pict_n wall_n through_o the_o high_a part_n of_o cumberland_n shoot_v that_o famous_a wall_n which_o be_v the_o limit_n of_o the_o roman_a province_n for_o when_o the_o roman_n have_v enlarge_v their_o empire_n even_o so_o far_o beyond_o their_o wish_n that_o the_o unwieldiness_n thereof_o begin_v to_o be_v of_o its_o self_n fearful_o suspect_v the_o emperor_n think_v it_o the_o safe_a way_n to_o limit_v the_o same_o with_o certain_a bound_n in_o this_o island_n therefore_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o perceive_v that_o the_o further_a part_n of_o britain_n lie_v northward_o be_v cold_a of_o a_o rough_a and_o barren_a soil_n and_o inhabit_a by_o the_o caledonian_n briton_n and_o barbarous_a nation_n in_o subdue_a which_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o take_v much_o pain_n and_o reap_v very_o small_a profit_n build_v at_o several_a time_n divers_a fence_n as_o well_o to_o bind_v as_o to_o defend_v the_o province_n the_o first_o wall_n or_o fence_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v raise_v by_o julius_n agricola_n it_o be_v make_v of_o turf_n between_o edinburgh_n and_o dunbritton_n frith_n the_o second_o fence_n be_v by_o the_o river_n tine_n where_o a_o stone_n wall_n fight_v foot_n broad_a and_o twelve_o foot_n high_a be_v build_v be_v a_o hundred_o mile_n long_o reach_v from_o the_o german_a sea_n to_o the_o irish_a ocean_n it_o be_v begin_v by_o the_o command_n of_o adrian_n the_o emperor_n and_o be_v finish_v by_o severus_n who_o hereupon_o be_v style_v britannicus_n some_o report_n that_o this_o wall_n be_v only_o of_o turf_n and_o that_o the_o stone_n wall_n be_v erect_v afterward_o by_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o leave_v britain_n lollius_n urbicus_n lieutenant_n of_o britain_n under_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n pius_n enlarge_v the_o bound_n again_o as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o first_o frontier_n fence_n that_o be_v raise_v by_o agricola_n the_o first_o that_o be_v ever_o blame_v for_o neglect_v these_o limit_n be_v constantine_n the_o great_a for_o he_o it_o be_v that_o be_v the_o first_o and_o principal_a cause_n that_o the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n run_v to_o ruin_v however_o this_o admirable_a work_n can_v not_o divert_v the_o tempestuous_a storm_n of_o foregin_v enemy_n for_o when_o the_o roman_n retire_v out_o of_o britain_n the_o pict_n and_o scot_n assault_v the_o wall_n break_v down_o the_o fence_n with_o their_o engine_n and_o overran_a britain_n be_v then_o disarm_v and_o shake_v with_o civil_a broil_n and_o most_o miserable_o afflict_v with_o extreme_a famine_n northumberland_n ottadini_n in_o latin_a northumbria_n it_o lie_v enclose_v in_o fashion_n of_o a_o triangle_n but_o not_o with_o equal_a side_n the_o south_n side_n be_v shut_v in_o with_o darwent_n run_v into_o tine_n and_o with_o the_o river_n tine_n its_o self_n where_o it_o confine_v on_o the_o bishopric_n of_o durham_n the_o german_a sea_n beat_v on_o the_o east_n side_n on_o the_o west_n it_o have_v cumberland_n on_o the_o north_n it_o front_v scotland_n with_o the_o river_n tweed_n which_o be_v the_o ancient_a limit_n of_o both_o kingdom_n the_o air_n must_v needs_o be_v subtle_a and_o pierce_a these_o northern_a part_n be_v very_o much_o expose_v to_o extremity_n of_o wether_n the_o soil_n be_v neither_o rich_a nor_o fruitful_a it_o have_v neither_o fertility_n of_o ground_n for_o corn_n or_o cattle_n the_o most_o part_n of_o it_o be_v rough_a and_o in_o every_o place_n hard_a to_o be_v manure_v the_o principal_a town_n be_v these_o 1._o newcastle_n the_o principal_a town_n in_o all_o these_o part_n ennoble_v by_o a_o notable_a haven_n which_o the_o river_n tine_n make_v it_o be_v of_o that_o depth_n that_o it_o bear_v very_o tall_a ship_n and_o so_o defend_v they_o that_o they_o can_v neither_o be_v easy_o toss_v with_o tempestâ—_n nor_o drive_v upon_o the_o shelf_n and_o rock_n it_o be_v situate_a on_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o 〈◊〉_d very_o uneven_a on_o the_o north_n bank_n of_o the_o river_n which_o have_v a_o fair_a bridge_n over_o it_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n stand_v the_o castle_n and_o on_o the_o right_a the_o marketplace_n and_o the_o better_a part_n of_o the_o town_n it_o be_v build_v by_o robert_n the_o son_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o name_v by_o he_o newcastle_n the_o building_n be_v beautiful_a it_o be_v adorn_v with_o five_o church_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v extreme_a wealthy_n partly_o by_o intercourse_n of_o traffic_n with_o the_o german_n and_o partly_o by_o carry_v out_o seacoal_n both_o into_o foreign_a country_n and_o also_o into_o other_o part_n of_o england_n it_o be_v fortify_v with_o very_o strong_a 〈◊〉_d have_v eight_o gate_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o before_o the_o conquest_n it_o be_v call_v monkchester_n it_o have_v be_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o monk_n 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