salt_n francis_n the_o first_o make_v the_o same_o perpetual_a as_o the_o domaine_v of_o the_o crown_n and_o all_o man_n be_v compel_v to_o buy_v it_o at_o the_o magazine_n upon_o pain_n of_o punishment_n this_o impost_n be_v let_v to_o farm_n for_o two_o million_o of_o crown_n or_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a the_o right_a of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o he_o may_v lay_v imposition_n thirty_o league_n from_o the_o land_n into_o the_o sea_n if_o no_o other_o sovereign_a prince_n be_v not_o within_o that_o precinct_n there_o be_v eight_o court_n of_o parliament_n in_o france_n and_o eight_o chamber_n of_o account_n at_o paris_n erect_v 1302_o by_o philip_n le_fw-fr bell._n at_o paris_n parlement_n court_n of_o parlement_n at_o tholouze_n also_o and_o confirm_v by_o charles_n the_o 7._o in_o britain_n at_o grenoble_n 1453_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11._o at_o dion_n account_n court_n of_o account_n at_o bourdeaux_n 1462_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11._o at_o monpellier_n at_o aix_n 1501_o by_o lewis_n the_o 12._o in_o dolphin_n at_o dion_n 1476_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11_o for_o burgundy_n in_o provence_n at_o rouen_n 1449_o by_o lewis_n the_o 12_o for_o normandy_n at_o blois_n at_o rheame_n 1553_o by_o h._n the_o 2_o for_o britainie_n at_o rouen_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n of_o france_n it_o be_v a_o usual_a receive_a opinion_n that_o pharamont_n be_v the_o author_n of_o this_o law_n other_o think_v it_o be_v so_o call_v of_o the_o gaul_n that_o be_v call_v salie_n among_o who_o that_o law_n be_v establish_v for_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n term_v all_o their_o law_n either_o ripuarie_n or_o salic_a and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o charlemagne_n they_o be_v call_v salique_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v invent_v of_o latter_a time_n as_o by_o philip_n le_fw-fr long_n to_o frustrate_v the_o daughter_n of_o lewis_n huttin_n or_o else_o to_o have_v have_v the_o first_o strength_n from_o a_o usual_a custom_n of_o all_o barbarian_n which_o be_v never_o to_o suffer_v the_o female_n to_o inherit_v the_o crown_n and_o so_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o line_n of_o the_o king_n it_o have_v continue_v in_o the_o three_o and_o by_o custom_n it_o be_v rather_o confirm_v than_o to_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v a_o law_n at_o any_o time_n ordain_v have_v be_v little_a account_n make_v thereof_o until_o the_o controversy_n between_o philip_n le_fw-fr long_n and_o end_v duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o claim_v it_o for_o his_o niece_n jane_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n huttin_n and_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n with_o edward_n king_n of_o england_n the_o book_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n be_v but_o a_o collection_n howbeit_o there_o be_v no_o example_n ever_o hear_v of_o that_o any_o woman_n govern_v of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a germany_n concur_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o court_n of_o equity_n in_o substance_n the_o court_n of_o equity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n after_o bill_n and_o answer_v replication_n and_o rejoinder_n and_o sometime_o duplication_n and_o at_o last_o conclusion_n with_o the_o examination_n of_o witness_n in_o serious_a manner_n the_o whole_a proceed_n be_v deliver_v to_o certain_a doctor_n or_o learned_a man_n which_o be_v as_o master_n of_o the_o chancery_n or_o belong_v to_o certain_a university_n to_o be_v abreviate_v which_o be_v call_v ad_fw-la rotulandum_fw-la who_o do_v cut_v off_o all_o superfluous_a thing_n which_o upon_o the_o matter_n be_v confess_v on_o both_o side_n process_n to_o abreviate_v long_a process_n or_o be_v not_o material_a to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o cause_n to_o bring_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o party_n to_o certain_a point_n or_o head_n whereupon_o the_o say_a party_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o advocate_n or_o learned_a counsel_n do_v dispute_n and_o debate_v the_o say_a difference_n to_o bring_v they_o as_o it_o be_v ripe_a and_o perfect_v before_o the_o judge_n for_o if_o the_o defendant_n will_v take_v covert_o any_o exception_n against_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n he_o may_v have_v the_o whole_a process_n make_v up_o in_o the_o name_n of_o a.b._n and_o c.d._n as_o it_o be_v complainant_a and_o defendant_n without_o name_v either_o of_o the_o party_n and_o the_o same_o to_o be_v send_v under_o the_o town_n seal_v unto_o doctor_n or_o other_o learned_a man_n of_o university_n elect_v thereunto_o in_o other_o jurisdiction_n which_o do_v give_v their_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n thereupon_o and_o return_v the_o same_o back_n again_o under_o seal_n before_o the_o judge_n where_o the_o cause_n be_v depend_v who_o call_v both_o party_n before_o he_o demand_v of_o they_o whether_o he_o shall_v open_v the_o process_n and_o whether_o they_o will_v stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n therein_o contain_v and_o if_o the_o complainant_n descend_v thereunto_o then_o be_v the_o defendant_n thereby_o conclude_v see_v he_o have_v his_o choice_n and_o do_v in_o a_o manner_n appeal_v from_o the_o judge_n whereupon_o execution_n be_v present_o have_v and_o matter_n be_v end_v with_o expedition_n by_o the_o premise_n we_o may_v observe_v how_o other_o law_n be_v variable_a and_o subject_a to_o alteration_n and_o that_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v constant_a and_o permanent_a in_o her_o custom_n which_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v infringe_v but_o serious_o to_o be_v maintain_v by_o all_o the_o four_o precedent_a mean_n or_o some_o select_a course_n of_o execution_n to_o be_v devise_v concur_v with_o the_o same_o for_o the_o better_a furtherance_n whereof_o and_o more_o exact_a explanation_n by_o contrary_n i_o have_v for_o a_o corrollarie_n of_o this_o work_n add_v hereunto_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o say_v three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n which_o will_v illustrate_v the_o most_o material_a consideration_n to_o be_v have_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n chap._n xviii_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n have_v heretofore_o publish_v a_o treatise_n entitle_v england_n view_n in_o the_o unmask_n of_o two_o paradox_n which_o have_v be_v present_v unto_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o as_o a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n and_o considerable_a in_o the_o government_n of_o commonweal_n and_o find_v that_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o they_o with_o a_o three_o paradox_n observe_v by_o i_o do_v proper_o allude_v to_o the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n or_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n i_o do_v resolve_v to_o handle_v the_o substance_n of_o they_o for_o a_o corrollarie_n of_o the_o same_o be_v paradox_n what_o it_o be_v the_o rather_o because_o paradox_n be_v thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n and_o will_v also_o make_v all_o the_o premise_n more_o manifest_a and_o apparent_a by_o their_o conclusion_n the_o say_v two_o paradox_n present_v by_o monsieur_n malestroit_n one_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o finance_n or_o treasury_n in_o france_n be_v as_o follow_v say_v 1_o that_o to_o complain_v of_o the_o general_a dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o france_n be_v without_o cause_n commodity_n commodity_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o grow_v dear_a these_o three_o hundred_o year_n 2_o that_o there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v lose_v upon_o a_o crown_n and_o money_n and_o or_o any_o other_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n albeit_o one_o do_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n at_o the_o price_n he_o do_v receive_v the_o same_o the_o three_o paradox_n which_o i_o have_v add_v hereunto_o be_v 3_o that_o the_o imaginary_a money_n suppose_v in_o exchange_n for_o money_n exchange_n exchange_n make_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v over-rule_v the_o course_n and_o property_n of_o real_a and_o substantial_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la mounseur_fw-fr malestroit_n say_v that_o since_o the_o ancient_a permutation_n have_v be_v change_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o that_o the_o first_o riches_n of_o man_n which_o consist_v of_o cattle_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n whereby_o all_o thing_n have_v receive_v their_o estimation_n dearth_n gold_n and_o silver_n be_v the_o judge_n of_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n it_o follow_v that_o those_o metal_n be_v the_o right_a judge_n of_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o can_v say_v that_o any_o thing_n be_v dear_a than_o it_o be_v three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o unless_o that_o for_o the_o buy_v thereof_o we_o must_v now_o give_v more_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o but_o for_o the_o buy_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o do_v not_o give_v now_o more_o gold_n or_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o therefore_o say_v he_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o france_n since_o that_o time_n to_o prove_v this_o he_o do_v allege_v that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o
kintall_n centeners_n talent_n thousand_o weigh_v skippond_n charge_n lispound_n roove_v stone_n and_o such_o like_a the_o second_o fort_n of_o weight_n be_v by_o pound_n mina_n manes_n rotulus_n etc._n etc._n the_o three_o division_n of_o weight_n do_v consist_v in_o the_o small_a division_n of_o 12_o 14_o 16_o 18_o 20_o and_o 30_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n and_o the_o subdivision_n thereof_o the_o talon_n of_o the_o grecian_n 60_o minas_n talentum_fw-la talentum_fw-la every_o mana_n 100_o dragmes_fw-la so_o a_o talon_n be_v six_o thousand_o dragmes_fw-la 8_o of_o they_o to_o one_o ounce_n be_v 750_o ounce_n another_o talon_n of_o greece_n be_v 16_o sestertio_n be_v 40_o minas_n or_o pound_n of_o 18_o ounce_n as_o also_o of_o 20_o ounce_n in_o egypt_n it_o be_v 32_o sestertio_n or_o 80_o pound_n the_o 50_o sestertio_n of_o cleopatra_n be_v 125_o will_v in_o thratia_n 48_o sestertio_n be_v 120_o pound_n in_o africa_n 24_o sestertio_n be_v 60_o will_v differ_v also_o in_o the_o pound_n weight_n kyntall_n cantar_n or_o kyntall_n cantar_n or_o kyntall_n or_o centener_n call_v hundreth_n of_o 100_o 112_o 120_o 125_o 128_o and_o 132_o pound_n the_o hebrew_n do_v call_v cicar_n to_o be_v 50_o minas_n or_o maneg_n weigh_v weigh_v weigh_v be_v common_o 165_o will_v or_o 180_o will_v or_o 200_o 1_o â—_o for_o acharge_v skippound_v skippound_v skippound_v of_o 300_o 320_o 340_o and_o 400_o pound_n the_o skippound_n lyspound_v lyspound_v lyspound_v of_o 15_o and_o 16_o pound_n to_o the_o lyspound_n roove_v roove_v roove_v or_o arroba_n of_o 10_o 20_o 25_o 30_o and_o 40_o pound_n to_o the_o roove_v stone_n stone_n stone_n of_o 6_o 8_o 10_o 14_o 16_o 20_o 21_o 24_o and_o 32_o will_v and_o also_o 40_o will_v as_o more_o particular_o appear_v hereafter_o in_o their_o proper_a place_n mixias_n mixias_n mixias_n be_v also_o use_v whereof_o we_o find_v mention_v make_v in_o some_o book_n be_v ten_o thousand_o and_o be_v common_o understand_v for_o 10000_o dragmes_fw-la of_o 8_o to_o a_o ounce_n and_o 12_o ounce_n to_o the_o pound_n bess_n mark_v bess_n the_o pound_n be_v also_o divide_v by_o mark_n of_o 8_o ounce_n and_o bess_n of_o 12_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n be_v among_o the_o hebrew_n 2_o sicle_n or_o stater_n gerag_v sicle_n stâ—ter_n gerag_v siclus_n be_v sometime_o take_v for_o a_o ounce_n also_o half_a a_o ounce_n and_o quarter_n of_o a_o ounce_n which_o be_v gerag_v or_o obolus_fw-la mina_n ptolomaica_fw-la be_v 1_v ½_n rotulus_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o small_a part_n viz._n 18_o ounce_n of_o 12_o to_o one_o rotulus_n 144_o dragmes_fw-la of_o 8_o to_o one_o ounce_n 432_o scruple_n of_o 3_o to_o a_o dragme_n 846_o obulus_fw-la 1296_o lupe_n 2592_o siliquas_fw-la or_o carrat_n maaâ—g_n inna_fw-la or_o maaâ—g_n mina_n of_o the_o grecian_n otherwise_o call_v inna_fw-la or_o maneg_n be_v a_o pound_n 12_o ½_n ounce_n 25_o stater_n or_o ciclos_n 100_o dragmes_fw-la or_o rosoli_n 300_o scruple_n 24_o to_o a_o ounce_n 600_o obolus_fw-la 900_o lupin_n 1800_o siliquas_fw-la 3600_o areola_n or_o chalcos_fw-la rotulus_n in_o arabia_n syria_n asia_n minor_n egypt_n and_o venice_n be_v 1_o will_v 12_o ounce_n or_o sachosi_fw-la 24_o septarios_fw-la or_o cicle_n 84_o denier_n of_o 7_o to_o a_o ounce_n 96_o dragmes_fw-la or_o darchiny_a 288_o scruple_n or_o grana_n 576_o obolus_fw-la or_o orlossat_n 864_o danig_n 1728_o carrat_n or_o siliqua_fw-la 6912_o kestuff_n the_o 7_o denier_n make_v a_o ounce_n and_o there_o be_v dragmes_fw-la also_o of_o 1_o ½_n dragme_n and_o of_o 1_o ½_n dragme_n and_o of_o one_o dragme_n call_v alby_n in_o the_o low-countries_n the_o pound_n be_v divide_v diverse_o in_o 16_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n in_o 8_o dragmes_fw-la or_o fifth_n and_o 8_o part_n and_o in_o france_n they_o call_v they_o 8_o gross_v the_o 128_o make_v one_o pound_n in_o other_o place_n they_o divide_v the_o pound_n in_o 12_o 14_o and_o 15_o ounce_n ounce_n difference_n of_o pound_n and_o ounce_n whereof_o the_o pound_n and_o ounce_n both_o do_v differ_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o hereafter_o every_o country_n have_v a_o declaration_n thereof_o at_o bridge_n in_o flaunders_n they_o use_v pound_n of_o 14_o ounce_n bridges_n the_o pound_n weight_n of_o bridges_n and_o of_o 16_o ounce_n whereof_o the_o 100_o will_v of_o 16_o ounce_n make_v 108_o will_v of_o 14_o ounce_n which_o ounce_n of_o 14_o to_o the_o pound_n be_v heavy_a for_o 100_o ounce_n of_o these_o be_v 105_o â…“_n ounce_n of_o the_o 16_o to_o the_o pound_n which_o ounce_n be_v divide_v in_o half_a ounce_n or_o loot_z and_o every_o loot_z in_o 2_o sizayn_n and_o every_o sizayne_n in_o 2_o dragmes_fw-la or_o quintes_n the_o small_a proportion_n and_o subdivision_n of_o other_o place_n be_v as_o follow_v italian_n pound_n for_o physic_n use_v in_o other_o place_n also_o 12_o ounce_n 24_o loot_z 48_o sizayne_n or_o siliqua_fw-la 96_o dragmes_fw-la 288_o scruple_n 576_o obolus_fw-la 1728_o siliqua_fw-la 5760_o grain_n the_o say_a weight_n of_o physic_n be_v at_o lion_n in_o france_n as_o the_o merchant_n will_v 12_o ounce_n 96_o dragmes_fw-la 288_o scruple_n 5760_o grain_n the_o pound_n weight_n of_o venice_n 12_o ounce_n 72_o sextulas_fw-la 1728_o siliqua_fw-la 6912_o grain_n the_o pound_n at_o paris_n in_o france_n 16_o ounce_n 128_o gross_v 384_o scruple_n 9216_o grain_n in_o italy_n the_o pound_n be_v also_o divide_v 12_o ounce_n 24_o stater_n 96_o dragmes_fw-la vienna_n in_o austria_n the_o pound_n iâ—_n 32_o loott_n 128_o quinte_n 512_o pennings_n 12800_o grain_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o fall_v out_o most_o common_o that_o upon_o trial_n of_o a_o unknown_a weight_n we_o do_v begin_v from_o the_o small_a weight_n or_o graine_n and_o so_o ascend_v to_o the_o other_o proportion_n and_o to_o the_o pound_n by_o compare_v the_o same_o to_o our_o grain_n and_o division_n of_o the_o pound_n grain_n difference_n of_o grain_n which_o in_o matter_n of_o mint_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v of_o great_a moment_n when_o the_o penny_n weight_n be_v divide_v into_o 24_o grain_n in_o england_n and_o in_o the_o low-countries_n into_o 32_o grain_n let_v we_o note_v the_o great_a diversity_n abovesaid_a of_o 5760_o grain_n to_o 12800_o use_v at_o vienna_n and_o other_o place_n proportionable_o to_o their_o pound_n and_o consider_v how_o easy_o we_o may_v be_v overtake_v therein_o whereof_o a_o more_o ample_a declaration_n be_v in_o the_o mint_n affair_n there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a observation_n to_o be_v have_v in_o the_o correspondency_n of_o weight_n of_o one_o country_n to_o the_o weight_n of_o another_o country_n upon_o the_o hundred_o subtle_a that_o be_v to_o say_v 100_o pound_n even_o weight_n and_o because_o in_o england_n all_o ware_n of_o volume_n or_o bulck_n be_v sell_v some_o by_o the_o hundred_o weight_n of_o 112_o will_v and_o some_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o pound_n as_o spice_n sugar_n and_o such_o like_a &_o yet_o be_v weigh_v by_o the_o say_a weight_n of_o 112_o will_v and_o that_o moreover_o there_o be_v a_o over-weight_n allow_v call_v trett_n which_o be_v 4_o upon_o the_o 112_o will_v and_o also_o 2_o will_v upon_o every_o scale_n of_o 3_o hundred_o weight_n call_v cloff_n which_o be_v abate_v between_o the_o buyer_n and_o seller_n cloffe_n trett_n and_o cloffe_n and_o so_o there_o be_v a_o loss_n of_o weight_n by_o this_o trett_n and_o cloff_n and_o especial_o because_o the_o commodity_n import_v be_v buy_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o foreign_a nation_n i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o describe_v the_o say_a correspondence_n of_o weight_n according_a to_o the_o 100_o will_v subtle_a of_o antuerp_n be_v general_o know_v in_o all_o place_n and_o for_o the_o weight_n of_o london_n to_o make_v some_o observation_n particular_o the_o correspondency_n of_o weight_n of_o most_o place_n of_o traffic_n antuerp_n antuerp_n the_o custom_n of_o antuerp_n be_v to_o weigh_v by_o the_o hundred_o pound_n even_o weight_n call_v subtle_a for_o the_o which_o common_o there_o be_v allow_v at_o the_o weigh-house_n 101_o will_v a_o stone_n weight_n be_v 8_o will_v the_o skippound_n 300_o will_v the_o weigh_v 165_o will_v the_o carga_n or_o charge_v 400_o will_v which_o be_v two_o bales_n of_o 200_o will_v for_o a_o horse_n to_o carry_v on_o either_o side_n and_o the_o pound_n be_v divide_v into_o 16_o ounce_n the_o say_a 100_o will_v weight_n of_o antuerp_n weigh_v in_o the_o place_n follow_v london_n london_n at_o london_n and_o all_o england_n 104_o will_v subtle_a weight_n and_o of_o the_o kyntall_a weight_n of_o 112_o will_v it_o weigh_v 91_o ½_n will_v at_o dublin_n and_o all_o ireland_n also_o dublin_n dublin_n 104_o will_v and_o 91_o ½_n by_o the_o great_a hundred_o at_o edinburgh_n in_o scotland_n 96_o will_v and_o all_o scotland_n over_o edinburgh_n edinburgh_n and_o 103_o â…“_n for_o 112_o will_v the_o say_a 100_o will_v make_v 189_o
month_n in_o the_o year_n every_o todd_n contain_v four_o nail_n and_o every_o nail_n be_v 7_o will_v for_o the_o seven_o day_n of_o the_o week_n this_o sack_n of_o wool_n be_v account_v to_o make_v 4_o standard_n clothes_n of_o clean_a wool_n call_v sorting-clothe_n weigh_v 60_o will_v the_o cloth_n and_o be_v 24_o yard_n long_o of_o 6_o ½_n quarter_n broad_a or_o thereabouts_o within_o the_o remedy_n or_o allowance_n of_o 2_o will_v weight_n upon_o a_o cloth_n in_o the_o weight_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o clothes_n be_v well_o scour_v thicked_a mill_v and_o full_o dry_v in_o the_o measure_n likewise_o that_o the_o same_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o yard_n and_o inch_n within_o the_o list_n concern_v the_o breadth_n according_a to_o the_o say_a statute_n make_v of_o all_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o clothes_n make_v in_o diverse_a shire_n viz._n broad_n weight_n and_o measure_n kent_n yor._n &_o read_v clothes_n of_o 6_o ½_n quarter_n 86_o will_v 30_o &_o 34_o yard_n suffolk_n norfolk_n and_o essex_n of_o 7_o quar_fw-la 80_o will_v 29_o &_o 32_o yard_n worce_v covent_n and_o heref._n of_o 6_o ½_n quar_fw-la 78_o will_v 30_o &_o 33_o yard_n wilts_n glocest._n oxon._n somers_n of_o 7_o quar_fw-la 76_o will_v 29_o &_o 32_o yard_n suffolk_n sort_v clothes_n broad_a 6_o ½_n quar_fw-la 64_o will_v 23_o &_o 26_o yard_n all_o sort_v clothes_n of_o diverse_a shire_n 6_o ½_n q._n 60_o will_v 24_o &_o 26_o yard_n b._n cloth_n tauntons_n bridgewaters_n and_o dunstars_n of_o 7_o quar_fw-la 30_o will_v 12_o &_o 13_o yard_n broad_o &_o narrow_a of_o yorkshire_n of_o 4_o quar_fw-la 30_o will_v 24_o 25_o yard_n devon_n kersey_n and_o dozen_o of_o 4_o quar_fw-la 13_o will_v 12_o 13_o yard_n check_n kersey_n straight_o &_o plain_o gray'_v 4_o q._n 24_o will_v 17_o 18_o yard_n ordinary_a penistone_n or_o forest_n 5_o ½_n quar_fw-la 28_o will_v 12_o 13_o yard_n sort_v penistones_n of_o 6_o ½_n quar_fw-la 35_o will_v 13_o 14_o yard_n washer_n of_o lankyshire_n and_o other_o 17_o will_v 17_o 18_o yard_n clogware_n kend._n karpnuales_n at_o pleasure_n  _fw-fr 20_o at_o the_o least_o the_o manner_n of_o make_v of_o all_o woollen_a clothes_n and_o workman_n order_n with_o the_o view_n search_a and_o the_o forfeiture_n or_o abatement_n may_v at_o large_a be_v see_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v a_o epitome_n of_o all_o former_a act_n concern_v the_o indrape_n of_o wool_n appoint_v wherein_o flock_n thrum_n or_o lamb_n wool_n may_v be_v put_v observation_n concern_v the_o say_a weight_n and_o measure_n of_o clothes_n in_o general_n that_o all_o substantial_a thing_n either_o dry_a or_o liquid_a be_v by_o divine_a providence_n subject_a and_o govern_v by_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n that_o weight_n and_o measure_n do_v control_v each_o other_o and_o that_o number_n give_v denomination_n to_o they_o both_o to_o discern_v truth_n from_o falsehood_n as_o aforesaid_a that_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o cloth_n be_v more_o to_o be_v regard_v than_o the_o measure_n because_o the_o weight_n contain_v substance_n which_o be_v abuse_v by_o stretch_v it_o in_o measure_n that_o according_a to_o the_o standard_n of_o clothes_n there_o must_v be_v allow_v or_o account_v two_o pound_n and_o one_o half_a of_o wool_n to_o make_v one_o yard_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a clothes_n that_o the_o statute_n of_o clothmaking_a have_v have_v a_o consideration_n to_o make_v a_o allowance_n or_o abatement_n for_o draped_a dress_v row_v and_o shear_v clothes_n which_o be_v five_o will_v in_o a_o long-cloth_n and_o four_o will_v in_o a_o broadcloth_n beside_o the_o remedy_n of_o two_o will_v according_a to_o this_o rule_n his_o majesty_n custom_n for_o cloth_n and_o carseye_n etc._n etc._n aught_o to_o be_v pay_v equalize_v the_o say_a custom_n of_o cloth_n with_o the_o custom_n of_o wool_n according_a to_o forty_o shilling_n the_o sack_n pay_v in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n mary_n which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o weight_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o measure_n as_o heretofore_o have_v be_v partly_o do_v and_o the_o weight_n will_v cause_v clothes_n to_o be_v better_o make_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n whereunto_o the_o reformation_n must_v be_v reduce_v which_o will_v be_v beneficial_a benefit_n which_o will_v arise_v by_o the_o true_a make_n of_o clothes_n in_o england_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n reign_n of_o great_a britain_n the_o cloth_n of_o the_o realm_n shall_v recover_v his_o former_a estimation_n which_o every_o merchant_n weigh_v his_o clothes_n will_v cause_v to_o be_v observe_v according_a to_o the_o say_a rule_n and_o proportion_n between_o weight_n and_o measure_n whereby_o the_o stretch_n and_o falsify_v of_o cloth_n will_v be_v control_v and_o prevent_v especial_o if_o this_o demonstration_n here_o set_v down_o shall_v direct_v the_o buyer_n of_o clothes_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v make_v for_o carseye_n and_o all_o other_o woollen_a commodity_n according_a to_o the_o say_a statute_n the_o cloth_n be_v true_o make_v will_v be_v more_o vendible_a beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o many_o complaint_n be_v daily_o make_v of_o the_o false_a make_v thereof_o which_o the_o clothier_n can_v but_o know_v upon_o so_o many_o certificate_n for_o tare_n as_o be_v abate_v of_o they_o to_o their_o loss_n every_o merchant_n look_v more_o to_o buy_v good_a cheap_a than_o to_o buy_v good_a cloth_n feed_v false_a make_v by_o it_o which_o come_v to_o pass_v more_o by_o ignorance_n than_o otherwise_o the_o clothier_n find_v the_o merchant_n by_o these_o mean_v able_a to_o control_v he_o will_v endeavour_n to_o make_v true_a cloth_n and_o the_o officer_n to_o survey_v it_o will_v be_v more_o careful_a and_o not_o send_v the_o clothier_n their_o lead_n and_o stamp_n and_o so_o they_o be_v pay_v never_o look_v to_o take_v pain_n to_o view_v the_o cloth_n hereby_o traffic_n will_v increase_v for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o realm_n and_o his_o majesty_n custom_n will_v be_v due_o pay_v according_a to_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o all_o will_v tend_v to_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o king_n in_o all_o equity_n and_o justice_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o all_o well_o govern_v commonweal_n other_o weight_n and_o measure_n control_v each_o other_o we_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o content_n of_o this_o discourse_n how_o weight_n and_o measure_n do_v control_v each_o other_o compare_v your_o measure_n of_o corn_n with_o the_o weight_n as_o before_o be_v declare_v your_o length_n of_o clothes_n with_o the_o weight_n as_o aforesaid_a nay_o your_o wet_a measure_n with_o your_o dry_a measure_n of_o all_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o experience_n by_o observation_n will_v teach_v you_o to_o distinguish_v truth_n from_o falsehood_n and_o how_o to_o know_v the_o goodness_n of_o thing_n if_o spice_n become_v light_a than_o the_o weight_n will_v show_v it_o because_o the_o substance_n be_v dry_v up_o which_o to_o prevent_v be_v wisdom_n and_o no_o deceit_n for_o as_o the_o element_n of_o air_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o putrefaction_n so_o the_o exclude_v of_o the_o same_o in_o many_o thing_n be_v a_o preservation_n and_o so_o be_v likewise_o the_o prevent_n of_o dryness_n but_o to_o end_v this_o trial_n of_o measure_n and_o weight_n let_v we_o observe_v the_o italian_n by_o weigh_v and_o measure_v of_o their_o silk_n ware_n a_o yard_n of_o satin_n weigh_v four_o ounce_n be_v true_o make_v and_o if_o it_o be_v above_o they_o take_v the_o same_o to_o be_v overgum_v and_o not_o true_o make_v and_o so_o if_o iâ—_n weigh_v less_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n all_o the_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n between_o nation_n and_o nation_n or_o man_n and_o man_n be_v perform_v under_o three_o simple_n which_o be_v proper_o the_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v effect_v by_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n according_a to_o the_o former_a observation_n exchange_n a_o tripartite_a exchange_n and_o herein_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v a_o tripartite_a exchange_n that_o be_v commodity_n for_o commodity_n commodity_n for_o money_n and_o commodity_n for_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o some_o merchant_n do_v negotiate_v all_o for_o commodity_n other_o all_o for_o money_n or_o exchange_n or_o for_o all_o three_o or_o any_o of_o they_o which_o yield_v they_o most_o benefit_n and_o gain_v and_o herein_o be_v their_o particular_a profit_n or_o privatum_fw-la commodam_fw-la more_o respect_v than_o the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n whereby_o corruptible_a and_o unnecessary_a commodity_n be_v give_v for_o staple_n
5400_o geometrical_a mile_n or_o 21600_o ordinary_a mile_n but_o whereas_o the_o mile_n in_o all_o kingdom_n and_o country_n and_o almost_o in_o every_o province_n or_o shire_n do_v differ_v i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o admit_v one_o measure_n of_o one_o million_o of_o acre_n of_o ground_n to_o measure_v the_o whole_a globe_n thereby_o according_a to_o the_o map_n which_o be_v not_o only_o intelligible_a unto_o all_o man_n but_o all_o merchant_n also_o may_v have_v use_n hereof_o for_o by_o the_o number_n of_o the_o million_o of_o acre_n compare_v one_o kingdom_n unto_o another_o or_o one_o country_n unto_o another_o country_n they_o may_v know_v the_o bigness_n and_o spaciousness_n thereof_o which_o we_o have_v particular_o observe_v in_o europe_n with_o a_o distinction_n also_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o prince_n in_o these_o several_a country_n know_v by_o the_o name_n france_n italy_n germany_n and_o other_o which_o many_o time_n fall_v into_o consideration_n upon_o singular_a occasion_n this_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n be_v divide_v to_o be_v two_o three_o part_n water_n or_o sea_n and_o one_o three_o part_n land_n and_o of_o this_o land_n there_o be_v one_o three_o part_n not_o inhabit_v and_o the_o other_o two_o three_o part_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o whole_a circumference_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a measure_n be_v 19_o 803_o 575000_o which_o be_v 29_o milliars_n 803_o million_o 575_o thousand_o acre_n and_o the_o milliar_a be_v ten_o hundred_o million_o million_o a_o milliar_a be_v ten_o hundred_o million_o so_o the_o ⅔_n part_n water_n be_v 19_o milliars_n 869_o million_o and_o 50_o thousand_o acre_n of_o ground_n answerable_a and_o the_o other_o part_n three_o be_v 9_o milliars_n 934_o million_o 525000_o acre_n hereof_o deduct_v ⅓_n part_v not_o inhabit_v which_o be_v 3_o milliars_n 311_o million_o 508_o thousand_o acre_n so_o rest_v 6_o milliars_n 623_o million_o 17_o thousand_o acre_n of_o land_n inhabit_v whereof_o follow_v a_o particular_a distribution_n first_o for_o europe_n or_o christendom_n england_n contain_v 29_o million_o 568_o thousand_o acre_n scotland_n contain_v 14_o million_o 432_o thousand_o acre_n ireland_n contain_v 18_o million_o so_o these_o three_o kingdom_n with_o all_o their_o dominion_n of_o land_n and_o land_n adjacent_a under_o the_o diadem_n of_o king_n james_n contain_v 62_o million_o of_o acre_n of_o ground_n etc._n etc._n england_n be_v by_o this_o computation_n according_o with_o the_o dominion_n of_o wales_n and_o all_o island_n thereunto_o belong_v the_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n or_o the_o 222_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n inhabit_v or_o the_o 333_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o scotland_n may_v be_v full_a the_o one_o half_a of_o this_o computation_n that_o be_v the_o 444_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n inhabit_v or_o the_o 666_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o monarchy_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n be_v the_o 480_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n unnecessary_a fraction_n in_o cypher_n omit_v the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v 166_o time_n big_a than_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o world_n and_o so_o according_o for_o the_o sea_n and_o earth_n as_o aforesaid_a the_o 17_o province_n of_o the_o low-countries_n contain_v 10_o million_o 797_o thousand_o acre_n whereof_o the_o reconcile_a province_n with_o spain_n contain_v 7_o million_o 197_o thousand_o acre_n the_o unite_a province_n under_o the_o state_n contain_v 3_o million_o 599_o thousand_o acre_n the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n divide_v into_o 32_o province_n contain_v in_o all_o 82_o million_o 879_o thousand_o acre_n the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n be_v eight_o in_o number_n contain_v as_o follow_v  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n castille_n 25_o million_o 730._o andalusia_n 2_o million_o 425_o granado_n 2_o million_o 128_o navarre_n 1_o million_o 458_o leon_n galisia_fw-la 9_o million_o 124_o arragon_n 13_o million_o 104_o biscaye_n 3_o million_o 412_o portugal_n 10_o million_o 154_o in_o all_o contain_v 67_o million_o 535_o thousand_o acre_n italia_n under_o spain_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n naples_n 11_o million_o 704_o lombardie_n 1_o million_o 640_o under_o venice_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n trevisana_n 2_o million_o 584_o verona_n 0_o million_o 480_o frioul_n 1_o million_o 047_o mantua_n 0_o million_o 480_o under_o rome_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n liguria_n 1_o million_o 415_o romagna_n 1_o million_o 085_o latium_n 0_o million_o 480_o hetruria_n 0_o million_o 540_o savoy_n 1_o million_o 910_o piedmont_n 1_o million_o 160_o toscana_n etc._n etc._n 4_o million_o 785_o suria_n and_o florence_n 480_o marca_n 1_o million_o 412_o ancona_n parma_n 0_o million_o 885_o sicilia_n 3_o million_o 113_o cypress_n 1_o million_o 601_o candia_n 2_o million_o 060_o corsica_n 1_o million_o 395_o sardegna_n 4_o million_o 089_o contain_v in_o all_o 44_o million_o 257_o thousand_o acre_n germania_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n saxonia_n 3_o million_o 484_o misina_n 3_o million_o 249_o turnigia_fw-la 1_o million_o 093_o lusatia_n 2_o million_o 572_o bavaria_n 3_o million_o 249_o helsatia_n 3_o million_o 644_o helvetia_n 12_o million_o 328_o basle_n 0_o million_o 842_o swebourgh_n 2_o million_o 109_o salsbourgh_n 1_o million_o 063_o trier_n mentz_n 4_o mill_n 237_o spiers_n strasbourgh_n and_o worm_n juliers_n 0_o million_o 348_o cleave_v 0_o million_o 258_o westphalia_n 2_o million_o 300_o osnab_n 0_o million_o 358_o silesia_n 5_o million_o 706_o bohemia_n 7_o million_o 024_o austria_n 6_o million_o 121_o moravia_n 4_o million_o 114_o pomerania_n 3_o million_o 249_o brandenbourgh_n 6_o million_o 208_o machalbourgh_n 2_o million_o 107_o franconia_n 6_o million_o 361_o tiroll_n 3_o million_o 249_o carinthia_n 1_o million_o 588_o stiria_n 1_o million_o 779_o palantine_n rhine_n 4_o million_o 361_o wirtenborgh_n 1_o million_o 223_o embden_n 0_o million_o 230_o oldenbourgh_n 0_o million_o 449_o liege_n 0_o million_o 548_o coloigne_n 0_o million_o 215_o contain_v in_o all_o 95_o million_o 646_o thousand_o acre_n prussia_n 10_o million_o 240_o thousand_o acre_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n russia_n 9_o million_o 607_o volhimia_n 5_o million_o 762_o massovia_n 1_o million_o 916_o livonia_n 34_o million_o 115_o poland_n 19_o million_o 205_o heretofore_o name_v polonia_n contain_v in_o all_o 80_o million_o m._n 845._o denmark_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n denmark_n 10_o million_o 426_o norway_n 28_o million_o 492_o holsten_n 1_o million_o 065_o ditinar_n 0_o million_o 337_o contain_v in_o all_o 40_o million_o 326_o thousand_o acre_n swethen_n sweathen_a 57_o million_o 430_o thousand_o acre_n finland_n 7_o million_o 531_o thousand_o gothia_n 20_o million_o 936_o thousand_o contain_v in_o all_o 85_o million_o 897_o thousand_o acre_n part_v of_o russiia_n or_o moscovia_n and_o situam_fw-la under_o europe_n 232_o million_o 558_o thousand_o acre_n so_o that_o whole_a europe_n or_o christendom_n do_v but_o contain_v 802_o million_o 740_o thousand_o acre_n europe_n europe_n which_o be_v not_o the_o 12_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n hungary_n dalmatia_n transyluania_n and_o all_o turkey_n 385_o mill_n m._n 367._o moscoviae_n pars_fw-la 128_o million_o 817_o thousand_o acre_n tartary_n 299_o million_o 110_o thousand_o asia_n asia_n persia_n 385_o million_o 367_o thousand_o calicut_n and_o east-india_n 587_o million_o 200_o thousand_o acre_n africa_n contain_v 1541_o million_o 883_o thousand_o acre_n africa_n africa_n america_n contain_v 1152_o million_o 400_o thousand_o acre_n america_n america_n nova_fw-la hispania_n 1349_o million_o 133_o thousand_o acre_n summa_fw-la totalis_fw-la of_o the_o inhabit_a part_n of_o the_o world_n six_o milliars_n six_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o three_o million_o and_o seven_o ten_o thousand_o acre_n of_o land_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la the_o use_n of_o this_o description_n to_o know_v the_o bigness_n of_o one_o country_n compare_v unto_o another_o country_n be_v for_o example_n england_n contain_v twenty_o nine_o measure_n and_o odd_a bohemia_n contain_v seven_o measure_n and_o odd_a be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o england_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o seventeen_o province_n of_o the_o low_a country_n be_v ten_o measure_n and_o odd_a be_v the_o three_o part_n of_o england_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o monarchy_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v forty_o four_o measure_n and_o odd_a be_v as_o big_a as_o all_o italy_n and_o the_o five_o land_n of_o sicilia_n cyprus_n candia_n corsica_n and_o sardignia_n and_o be_v also_o more_o populous_a and_o so_o for_o all_o other_o country_n insomuch_o that_o england_n only_o contain_v twenty_o nine_o of_o those_o measure_n or_o million_o 568_o thousand_o acre_n of_o ground_n if_o we_o deduct_v the_o five_o million_o and_o 568_o thousand_o acre_n for_o wild_a &_o waste_a ground_n and_o highway_n england_n one_o penny_n a_o acre_n be_v one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n in_o england_n there_o will_v remain_v four_o and_o twenty_o million_o of_o acre_n which_o at_o one_o penny_n a_o acre_n amount_v to_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n a_o
find_v pretty_a store_n of_o pearl_n and_o the_o climate_n be_v cold_a make_v the_o colour_n of_o they_o to_o be_v dim_a albeit_o i_o have_v see_v some_o very_a fair_a and_o pendant_n also_o the_o small_a pearl_n be_v also_o very_o wholesome_a in_o medicinable_a potion_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o great_a britain_n england_n england_n the_o commodity_n of_o great_a britain_n contain_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o the_o dominion_n of_o wales_n be_v rich_a and_o staple_n ware_n and_o very_o abundant_a with_o a_o continual_a increase_n namely_o woollen_a clothes_n of_o all_o sort_n broad_a and_o narrow_a long_a and_o short_a call_v and_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o several_a shire_n be_v 250_o thousand_o clothes_n make_v yearly_a beside_o the_o new_a drapery_n of_o perpetuanaes_n and_o the_o like_a commodity_n tin_n wrought_v and_o unwrought_a above_o twelve_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a lead_v transport_v and_o use_v above_o eight_o thousand_o fodder_n every_o year_n allome_n make_v in_o abundance_n above_o seven_o hundred_o ton_n yearly_a copperas_n make_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n use_v some_o 250_o ton_n yearly_a iron_n of_o all_o sort_n set_v 800_o furnace_n on_o work_n iron_n ordnance_n or_o cast_v piece_n according_a to_o occasion_v make_v wool_n and_o woolfels_n and_o calf_n skin_n in_o great_a quantity_n and_o conie_z skin_z stocking_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o silk_n wool_n and_o yarnsey_n yearn_n and_o wool_n buffin_n mocadoe_n grograine_v satin_n calamancos_fw-la velvet_n worsted_n sarges_n fustian_n durance_n tukes_n and_o all_o other_o norwich_n ware_n and_o stuff_v saffron_n the_o best_a that_o can_v be_v find_v in_o any_o country_n glass_n and_o glass_n of_o all_o sort_n venice_n gold_n sea-coal_n and_o salt_n scotland_n scotland_n scots-coale_n wheat_n barley_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o grain_n in_o both_o kingdom_n linen_n cloth_n and_o all_o ironmonger_n ware_n hide_n tallow_n leather_n dress_v and_o undress_v train_n oil_n salmon_n pilchard_n herring_n hake_n conger_n red-herring_n hops_n woad_n butter_n cheese_n beer_n saltpetre_n and_o gunpowder_n honey_n and_o wax_n alabaster_n and_o many_o other_o stone_n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n be_v ireland_n ireland_n woolles_n felles_n yarn_n fur_n flax_n linen_n cloth_n hides_n tallow_n hemp_n honey_n wax_n herring_n cod_n hake-fish_n salmond_n eel_n rug_n mantle_n irish_a cloth_n pipestave_n iron_n and_o lead_v wheat_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o grain_n salt-beefe_n butter_n and_o cheese_n and_o many_o manufacture_n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v have_v prune_n canvas_n linen_n cloth_n salt_n velvet_n raw_a silk_n france_n france_n and_o diverse_a stuff_n of_o silk_n buckrame_n box_n with_o comb_n paper_n play_v card_n glass_n graine_n to_o die_v resin_n wheat_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o graine_n corn_n the_o commodity_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n be_v wool_n madera_n sugar_n almond_n wine_n oil_n annyseed_n portugal_n spain_n and_o portugal_n anchovy_n bay-berry_n bariglia_n fig_n raisin_n traine-oyle_n iron_n orange_n lemon_n sumacke_n saffron_n soap_n coriander_n cork_n liquorice_n woad_n and_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n sugar_n of_o brazill_n fernandebucke_n wood_n tobacco_n and_o other_o commodity_n the_o commodity_n of_o italy_n and_o certain_a land_n venice_n gold_n velvet_n sattines_n cypress_n silk_n italy_n italy_n cloth_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n cottone_n fustian_n wine_n curran_n clove_n rash_n rice_n sarcenets_n raw_a silk_n allome_n and_o vitriol_n glass_n and_o other_o manufacture_n the_o commodity_n of_o germany_n and_o place_n adjoin_v woolles_n argall_n steele_n latin_a copper_n iron_n germany_n germany_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o manufacture_n make_v of_o they_o copperas_n allome_n lead_v fustian_n paper_n linen_n cloth_n quicksilver_n bell-mettall_n tin_n rhenish_a wine_n and_o mather_n the_o commodity_n of_o east-land_n and_o thereabouts_o ash_n bowstave_n cable_n canvas_n buffe-hides_a flax_n hemp_n eastland_n eastland_n honey_n wax_n stockfish_n spruce_a iron_n match_n wheat_n rye_n meal_n woolles_n waynscott_n pitch_n and_o tar_n and_o linen_n cloth_n cordage_n and_o rope_n the_o commodity_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n and_o sweaden_a wheat_n rye_n woolles_n deal_v clapboord_n pipe-stave_n sweaden_n denmark_n norway_n &_o sweaden_n mast_n wainscot_n copper_n timber_n fish_n and_o fur_n allome_n in_o some_o place_n the_o commodity_n of_o russia_n russia_n russia_n tallow_n hides_n caviar_n abundance_n of_o rich_a fur_n black_a fox_n martin_n sables_n and_o the_o like_a honey_n wax_n cable_n rope_n and_o cordage_n the_o commodity_n of_o barbary_n barbary_n barbary_n goat_n skin_n almond_n date_n aneale_n gum_n feather_n saltpetre_n gold_n plentiful_o and_o from_o guynea_n hides_n oliphant_n tooth_n and_o graine_n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o low_a country_n country_n low_a country_n tapestry_n battery_n work_n steel_n cambric_n lawn_n hop_n mather_n butter_n cheese_n grograine_v bozatoe_n chamblet_n mocadoe_n brush_n tape_n linen_n cloth_n pot_n bottle_n wheat_n rye_n salt_n chimney_n back_n blade_n horse_n soap_n fish_n herring_n cod_n ling_n and_o many_o thing_n as_o diaper_n smalt_n hoop_n of_o iron_n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n from_o the_o low_a country_n begin_v the_o west_n india_n trade_n let_v we_o set_v down_o the_o commodity_n of_o it_o see_v that_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n have_v make_v late_o a_o society_n of_o merchant_n bear_v date_n the_o nine_o of_o june_n 1621._o wherein_o other_o nation_n may_v be_v advenror_n as_o by_o their_o letter_n patent_n appear_v prohibit_v all_o other_o their_o subject_n or_o inhabitant_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o trade_v from_o the_o say_a country_n nor_o out_o or_o from_o any_o other_o kingdom_n and_o country_n whatsoever_o etc._n letter_n patent_n for_o the_o west_n india_n trade_n by_o the_o state_n etc._n etc._n unto_o the_o coast_n and_o country_n of_o africa_n from_o tropicus_fw-la cancri_fw-la along_o to_o the_o cape_n of_o bona_n speranza_n neither_o in_o the_o country_n of_o america_n from_o the_o south_n end_n of_o magellanes_n le_fw-fr mary_n and_o other_o strait_n to_o the_o strait_n of_o anian_a on_o every_o side_n nova_fw-la guinea_n include_v upon_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n and_o all_o their_o possession_n within_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o command_n and_o arrest_n of_o their_o person_n unless_o they_o be_v of_o the_o say_a company_n make_v and_o establish_v for_o the_o west_n india_n trade_n gold_n and_o silver_n cucheneale_n sugar_n rich_a indigo_n donnigo_n ginger_n pearl_n emerald_n hide_n campeche_n or_o logwood_n salsaparilla_n tobacco_n canafistula_n cocos-wood_n lignum_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la cottonwooll_n salt_n and_o some_o other_o drug_n for_o physic_n or_o die_v of_o stuff_v and_o this_o may_v suffice_v for_o a_o declaration_n of_o the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o most_o country_n chap._n viii_o of_o commutation_n or_o barter_n of_o commodity_n we_o have_v compare_v commodity_n unto_o the_o body_n of_o traffic_n which_o do_v uphold_v the_o world_n by_o commutation_n and_o barter_n of_o commodite_n before_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v coin_v whereof_o we_o be_v now_o to_o entreat_v for_o commutation_n barter_n or_o truck_v of_o commodity_n be_v first_o effect_v in_o specie_fw-la by_o deliver_v one_o commodity_n for_o another_o according_a to_o the_o commodious_a and_o behooveful_a use_n of_o man_n so_o that_o one_o do_v deliver_v so_o many_o measure_n of_o corn_n for_o so_o many_o measure_n of_o salt_n as_o be_v agree_v upon_o another_o so_o many_o pound_n of_o wool_n against_o so_o many_o pound_n of_o pepper_n sugar_n or_o other_o commodity_n a_o other_o so_o many_o piece_n of_o such_o a_o commodity_n for_o such_o a_o commodity_n or_o so_o many_o hide_v for_o one_o bar_n of_o iron_n or_o so_o many_o piece_n of_o silver_n uncoyn_v but_o weigh_v and_o exchange_v as_o yet_o be_v use_v in_o some_o place_n of_o america_n barbary_n and_o guynea_n and_o other_o country_n this_o may_v be_v proper_o call_v a_o exchange_n of_o commodity_n or_o rather_o a_o permutation_n of_o commodity_n albeit_o the_o civilians_n when_o there_o be_v scarcity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o a_o country_n and_o when_o the_o commodity_n in_o value_n surmount_v the_o money_n pay_v for_o they_o they_o do_v call_v that_o a_o permutation_n and_o deny_v the_o same_o to_o be_v a_o emption_n by_o their_o distinction_n how_o soever_o this_o manner_n of_o commutation_n or_o barter_n be_v make_v by_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n of_o commodity_n in_o kind_n but_o money_n be_v invent_v and_o value_v by_o the_o public_a authority_n of_o prince_n according_a to_o their_o several_a stamp_n or_o coin_n and_o by_o common_a consent_n make_v publicae_fw-la mensura_fw-la or_o the_o public_a measure_n to_o set_v a_o price_n upon_o every_o thing_n this_o commutation_n barter_n or_o exchange_v of_o commodity_n for_o commodity_n be_v and_o be_v since_o that_o time_n make_v
pound_n worth_a at_o london_n in_o commodity_n which_o be_v account_v in_o price_n as_o if_o he_o have_v buy_v they_o for_o ready_a money_n and_o do_v give_v unto_o the_o seller_n of_o the_o say_a commodity_n one_o or_o more_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o antuerp_n amsterdam_n or_o any_o other_o place_n to_o be_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v make_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o money_n of_o one_o country_n and_o the_o value_n of_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n by_o weight_n and_o fineness_n as_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o declare_v and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o distance_n and_o discrepance_n of_o the_o time_n and_o place_n where_o and_o when_o the_o say_v money_n shall_v be_v pay_v by_o the_o buyer_n friend_n factor_n or_o servant_n and_o so_o the_o say_a bill_n or_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v pay_v according_o for_o the_o commodity_n so_o buy_v bank_n by_o money_n payable_a in_o bank_n 4_o another_o merchant_n have_v money_n in_o bank_n or_o in_o the_o banker_n hand_n at_o amsterdam_n or_o any_o other_o place_n where_o bank_n be_v keep_v buy_v some_o commodity_n in_o the_o say_a place_n and_o cast_v up_o what_o the_o same_o do_v amount_v unto_o he_o go_v to_o the_o bank_n and_o assign_v the_o seller_n of_o the_o say_a commodity_n to_o receive_v so_o much_o money_n there_o and_o the_o bank_n accept_v thereof_o give_v he_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o payment_n he_o make_v unto_o other_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o bank_n hereafter_o declare_v credit_n by_o a_o letter_n of_o credit_n 5_o another_o buy_v some_o commodity_n there_o or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n he_o have_v a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n call_v a_o procuration_n or_o a_o letter_n of_o credit_n either_o from_o his_o master_n or_o any_o other_o here_o at_o london_n or_o elsewhere_o who_o upon_o his_o credit_n have_v promise_v thereby_o to_o pay_v the_o value_n of_o the_o say_a good_n in_o some_o place_n beyond_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o a_o price_n of_o exchange_n agree_v upon_o between_o the_o party_n here_o and_o the_o like_a be_v do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v pay_v here_o which_o be_v still_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o money_n in_o both_o part_n answerable_a to_o weight_n and_o fineness_n by_o way_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o like_a be_v do_v between_o london_n and_o exeter_n plymouth_n yarmouth_n and_o many_o other_o place_n upon_o the_o very_a same_o and_o uniform_a coin_n by_o letter_n missive_a between_o merchant_n here_o and_o there_o obligatorie_n for_o bill_n obligatorie_n 6_o the_o most_o usual_a buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n be_v for_o bill_n of_o debt_n or_o obligation_n call_v bill_n obligatorie_n which_o one_o merchant_n give_v unto_o another_o for_o commodity_n buy_v or_o sell_v which_o be_v altogether_o use_v by_o the_o merchant_n aduenturor_n at_o amsterdam_n middleborough_n hamborough_n and_o other_o place_n for_o when_o they_o have_v sell_v their_o clothes_n unto_o other_o merchant_n or_o other_o payable_a at_o 4_o 6_o 8_o or_o more_o month_n they_o present_o transfer_v and_o set_v over_o these_o bill_n so_o receive_v for_o the_o payment_n of_o their_o clothes_n unto_o other_o merchant_n and_o take_v for_o they_o other_o commodity_n at_o such_o price_n as_o they_o can_v agree_v with_o the_o seller_n of_o they_o be_v it_o velvet_n silk_n satin_n fustian_n or_o any_o other_o ware_n or_o commodity_n to_o make_v return_n of_o the_o provenue_n of_o they_o and_o so_o sell_v those_o foreign_a commodity_n here_o in_o england_n they_o present_o buy_v more_o clothes_n and_o continue_v a_o revolution_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v so_o in_o effect_n as_o may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o example_n suppose_v a.b._n the_o clothier_n sell_v to_o c.d._n the_o merchant_n one_o pack_n of_o clothes_n traffic_n example_n of_o of_o the_o revolution_n in_o traffic_n for_o the_o sum_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n paiable_a at_o six_o month_n and_o do_v condition_n with_o he_o to_o make_v he_o a_o bill_n in_o the_o name_n of_o such_o a_o man_n as_o he_o shall_v nominate_v unto_o he_o a.b._n the_o clothier_n buy_v of_o d.e._n the_o gentleman_n so_o much_o wool_n as_o amount_v to_o one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o do_v intend_v to_o deliver_v he_o the_o bill_n of_o c._n d._n the_o merchant_n in_o full_a payment_n of_o his_o wool_n and_o to_o cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v make_v in_o his_o this_o gentleman_n name_n but_o d.e._n the_o say_a gentleman_n cause_v he_o to_o make_v the_o bill_n payable_a to_o e.g._n the_o mercer_n and_o the_o mercer_n be_v content_v with_o the_o like_a condition_n to_o accept_v thereof_o but_o he_o cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v make_v payable_a to_o c._n d._n the_o merchant_n of_o who_o he_o buy_v his_o velvet_n and_o silk_n and_o so_o in_o payment_n of_o they_o he_o deliver_v he_o by_o a_o intermissive_a time_n his_o own_o bill_n which_o he_o first_o shall_v have_v make_v to_o the_o clothier_n and_o herein_o you_o be_v to_o note_v that_o in_o the_o buy_n by_o bill_n it_o may_v be_v make_v payable_a to_o the_o clothier_n or_o to_o the_o bearer_n thereof_o and_o so_o all_o the_o party_n be_v bearer_n thereof_o unto_o who_o the_o same_o be_v set_v over_o by_o tradition_n of_o it_o only_o which_o by_o a_o retrograde_a examination_n will_v appear_v and_o this_o be_v call_v a_o rescounter_n in_o payment_n debt_n rescounter_v by_o bill_n of_o debt_n use_v among_o merchant_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o seem_v strange_a unto_o all_o man_n that_o be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o custom_n and_o yet_o do_v they_o perceive_v a_o reason_n for_o it_o and_o can_v deny_v the_o commodiousness_n thereof_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n be_v direct_o against_o this_o course_n for_o they_o say_v there_o can_v be_v no_o alienation_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o of_o debt_n because_o they_o be_v hold_v choose_v en_fw-fr action_n and_o such_o whereof_o no_o property_n can_v pass_v by_o assignment_n or_o alienation_n and_o many_o good_a lawyer_n do_v wish_v as_o well_o as_o merchant_n that_o there_o be_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v for_o the_o establish_n of_o the_o like_a course_n in_o england_n by_o reason_n whereof_o let_v we_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n handle_v this_o matter_n more_o distinct_o and_o declare_v the_o benefit_n which_o the_o realm_n will_v receive_v thereby_o and_o all_o merchant_n and_o other_o negotiate_v for_o great_a sum_n there_o be_v other_o manner_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n and_o upon_o condition_n and_o casualty_n which_o be_v to_o be_v declare_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n whereunto_o relation_n may_v be_v have_v hereafter_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o transfer_v or_o set_v over_o of_o bill_n obligatorie_n between_o merchant_n and_o other_o we_o have_v in_o some_o measure_n in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n declare_v the_o use_n and_o custom_n of_o merchant_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o transfer_v and_o set_v over_o of_o bill_n obligatorie_n or_o bill_n of_o debt_n which_o they_o give_v each_o to_o other_o for_o the_o payment_n of_o commodity_n buy_v and_o sell_v by_o way_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n it_o rest_v now_o to_o speak_v thereof_o more_o ample_o for_o the_o sincerity_n of_o plain_a deal_n have_v hitherto_o be_v inviolable_a sea_n the_o manner_n of_o bill_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o say_a bill_n which_o every_o man_n of_o credit_n and_o reputation_n give_v of_o his_o own_o hand_n write_v or_o make_v by_o his_o servant_n and_o by_o he_o subscribe_v without_o any_o seal_n or_o witness_v thereunto_o and_o be_v make_v payable_a to_o such_o a_o merchant_n or_o person_n or_o to_o the_o bearer_n of_o the_o bill_n at_o such_o time_n or_o time_n of_o payment_n as_o be_v agree_v and_o conclude_v between_o the_o party_n either_o for_o money_n or_o commodity_n lend_v or_o buy_v and_o so_o declare_v in_o the_o say_a bill_n according_a to_o the_o form_n hereafter_o express_v this_o custom_n be_v much_o practise_v by_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n beyond_o the_o sea_n at_o middleborough_n amsterdam_n antuerp_n hamborough_n and_o other_o place_n where_o they_o do_v trade_n in_o manner_n follow_v as_o we_o have_v note_v a_o merchant_n have_v many_o of_o these_o bill_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v for_o his_o clothes_n sell_v unto_o draper_n or_o other_o merchant_n dwell_v in_o several_a town_n and_o place_n will_v resort_v unto_o a_o shopkeeper_n or_o another_o merchant_n common_o accompany_v with_o a_o mediator_n or_o broker_n to_o buy_v a_o good_a round_a quantity_n of_o silk_n ware_n debt_n the_o set_n over_o of_o
bill_n of_o debt_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n which_o be_v ordinary_o sell_v payable_a at_o some_o day_n of_o payment_n either_o 4_o 6_o or_o more_o month_n and_o have_v agree_v upon_o the_o price_n of_o the_o say_a commodity_n or_o before_o he_o make_v the_o seller_n acquaint_v what_o payment_n or_o satisfaction_n he_o will_v give_v he_o in_o bill_n of_o such_o and_o such_o person_n amount_v to_o such_o a_o sum_n either_o little_a more_o or_o less_o than_o the_o commodity_n do_v amount_v unto_o or_o to_o take_v in_o commodity_n so_o much_o as_o the_o say_a bill_n do_v contain_v or_o do_v amount_v unto_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o remainder_n due_a for_o the_o commodity_n more_o than_o the_o bill_n do_v amount_v the_o same_o to_o be_v pay_v in_o ready_a money_n or_o upon_o his_o own_o bill_n payable_a at_o such_o a_o time_n as_o they_o agree_v between_o they_o which_o often_o come_v to_o be_v a_o great_a sum_n hereupon_o all_o such_o bill_n as_o be_v of_o know_a person_n be_v soon_o accept_v of_o and_o of_o the_o unknown_a person_n either_o himself_o that_o be_v the_o seller_n or_o the_o broker_n will_v inquire_v of_o their_o sufficiency_n and_o then_o likewise_o accept_v of_o their_o bill_n in_o payment_n and_o have_v take_v their_o bill_n which_o be_v make_v payable_a to_o the_o bearer_n as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o receiver_n of_o these_o bill_n go_v unto_o the_o party_n and_o demand_v of_o they_o whether_o they_o be_v content_v to_o pay_v he_o those_o bill_n at_o the_o time_n specify_v therein_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o merchant_n for_o commodity_n which_o if_o it_o be_v within_o one_o month_n after_o it_o be_v account_v to_o be_v very_o good_a payment_n the_o debtor_n make_v answer_v that_o he_o will_v pay_v his_o bill_n to_o the_o bearer_n thereof_o according_o for_o if_o this_o man_n will_v not_o ride_v out_o as_o they_o say_v the_o time_n of_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o bill_n he_o may_v go_v to_o another_o man_n and_o buy_v other_o commodity_n therewith_o as_o if_o it_o be_v with_o ready_a money_n the_o time_n only_o consider_v nay_o more_o if_o he_o will_v have_v ready_a money_n for_o these_o bill_n obligatorie_n sell_v of_o bill_n obligatorie_n he_o may_v sell_v they_o to_o other_o merchant_n that_o be_v moneyed_a man_n and_o abate_v for_o the_o interest_n for_o the_o time_n and_o common_o one_o month_n over_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n as_o they_o can_v agree_v and_o as_o money_n be_v plentiful_a they_o shall_v have_v money_n at_o all_o time_n to_o employ_v in_o commodity_n or_o to_o deliver_v by_o exchange_n or_o to_o pay_v debt_n withal_o or_o to_o carry_v home_o in_o specie_fw-la or_o for_o any_o other_o purpose_n at_o their_o pleasure_n which_o be_v commodious_a for_o young_a merchant_n have_v small_a stock_n as_o also_o for_o all_o man_n upon_o all_o occasion_n for_o it_o be_v proper_o as_o money_n pay_v by_o assignation_n whereby_o very_o great_a matter_n be_v compass_v in_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n the_o commodity_n be_v soon_o vent_v in_o all_o place_n debt_n general_a benefit_n by_o set_v over_o of_o bill_n of_o debt_n the_o custom_n and_o imposition_n of_o prince_n do_v increase_v the_o poor_a and_o mechanical_a people_n be_v set_v on_o work_n man_n be_v better_o assure_v in_o their_o payment_n the_o counterfeit_n of_o bill_n and_o difference_n be_v prevent_v the_o more_o commodity_n there_o be_v sell_v the_o less_o ready_a money_n be_v transport_v and_o life_n be_v infuse_v into_o traffic_n and_o trade_n for_o the_o general_a good_a and_o herein_o we_o see_v and_o may_v observe_v that_o thing_n which_o be_v indeed_o and_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o indeed_o but_o take_v to_o be_v indeed_o may_v produce_v all_o one_o effect_n and_o every_o man_n be_v enable_v with_o his_o own_o mean_n and_o credit_n to_o augment_v commerce_n this_o laudable_a custom_n as_o i_o say_v be_v not_o practise_v in_o england_n yet_o sometime_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n will_v accept_v of_o bill_n of_o debt_n in_o payment_n for_o commodity_n sell_v with_o advantage_n but_o then_o the_o bill_n be_v make_v new_a again_o and_o in_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n name_n and_o this_o be_v not_o without_o some_o danger_n to_o he_o that_o buy_v the_o commodity_n or_o merchandise_n for_o another_o man_n bill_n as_o factor_n may_v do_v for_o their_o master_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v by_o good_a experience_n bill_n a_o law_n case_n about_o the_o set_n over_o of_o bill_n that_o a_o factor_n in_o london_n have_v sell_v for_o his_o master_n a_o merchant_n of_o antuerpe_n some_o commodity_n to_o a_o english_a merchant_n to_o the_o value_n of_o seven_o hundred_o pound_n and_o take_v the_o merchant_n bill_n payable_a at_o six_o month_n and_o six_o month_n for_o it_o his_o master_n of_o antuerpe_n do_v appoint_v he_o to_o buy_v bay_n â—or_a these_o bill_n of_o another_o merchant_n which_o he_o do_v perform_v and_o have_v the_o value_n of_o 700_o will_v deliver_v unto_o he_o in_o bay_n according_o and_o the_o bill_n be_v to_o be_v alter_v in_o the_o other_o merchant_n name_n for_o his_o bay_n short_o after_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o english_a merchant_n become_v insoluent_a but_o before_o it_o be_v public_o know_v the_o factor_n bring_v the_o bill_n alter_v according_a to_o the_o agreement_n in_o the_o bay_n merchant_n name_n who_o do_v refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o they_o and_o say_v the_o factor_n shall_v pay_v he_o the_o bill_n be_v tender_v with_o a_o scrivener_n according_a to_o their_o agreement_n but_o still_o be_v refuse_v the_o time_n of_o payment_n be_v expire_v the_o bay_a merchant_n do_v arrest_v the_o say_a factor_n the_o matter_n be_v try_v before_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n by_o a_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la in_o london_n by_o a_o party_n jury_n of_o english_a man_n and_o stranger_n the_o verdict_n be_v find_v for_o the_o bay_a merchant_n and_o the_o factor_n do_v pay_v the_o money_n and_o have_v no_o remedy_n against_o his_o master_n the_o reason_n be_v deliver_v by_o the_o judge_n that_o the_o common_a law_n in_o this_o case_n require_v a_o release_n or_o acquittance_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o bay_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o factor_n otherwise_o he_o be_v still_o bind_v by_o the_o law_n to_o answer_v for_o the_o say_a bay_n england_n to_o establish_v this_o custom_n in_o england_n this_o custom_n may_v with_o great_a facility_n nevertheless_o be_v establish_v in_o england_n and_o will_v be_v very_o beneficial_a to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n ingenerall_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n demand_v a_o seal_n and_o delivery_n of_o deed_n and_o that_o the_o bill_n cannon_n convenient_o be_v make_v payable_a to_o the_o bearer_n of_o it_o or_o be_v alter_v in_o another_o man_n name_n as_o abovesaid_a neither_o can_v it_o be_v recover_v by_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n which_o in_o england_n be_v always_o revocable_a before_o the_o fact_n nevertheless_o if_o there_o be_v a_o register_n keep_v of_o the_o pass_a and_o transfer_v of_o these_o bill_n from_o man_n to_o man_n and_o by_o a_o endorsement_n thereof_o also_o upon_o the_o bill_n it_o may_v be_v do_v with_o ease_n and_o the_o bearer_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v acknowledge_v thereby_o to_o be_v the_o lawful_a attorney_n in_o law_n and_o by_o these_o mean_v the_o undecent_a plea_n of_o non_fw-la est_fw-la factum_fw-la will_v be_v cut_v off_o and_o to_o prevent_v fraudulent_a deal_n if_o any_o bill_n shall_v be_v lose_v notice_n may_v be_v give_v instant_o to_o the_o register_n which_o at_o lixborne_n and_o rouen_n be_v call_v a_o prothonotary_n by_o mean_n whereof_o many_o questionable_a parcel_n or_o payment_n be_v make_v apparent_a rouen_n office_n of_o prothonotary_n at_o lixborne_n and_o rouen_n and_o the_o bill_n for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v remain_v in_o the_o office_n at_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o last_o assign_v or_o assign_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n also_o that_o most_o usual_o bill_n be_v make_v for_o all_o thing_n buy_v and_o sell_v between_o party_n and_o party_n whereby_o many_o payment_n be_v make_v by_o rescounter_n payment_n rescounter_v by_o bill_n for_o payment_n as_o if_o it_o be_v in_o bank_n hereafter_o to_o be_v declare_v for_o merchant_n do_v meet_v and_o in_o a_o manner_n jump_o together_o in_o their_o say_a payment_n and_o hereby_o also_o may_v the_o difficulty_n for_o the_o take_n of_o a_o acquittance_n as_o aforesaid_a be_v remove_v by_o enter_v a_o acknowledgement_n of_o satisfaction_n before_o the_o say_a register_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o transfer_v or_o register_n thereof_o i_o have_v take_v pain_n to_o have_v this_o to_o be_v establish_v here_o but_o hitherto_o thing_n be_v not_o right_o understand_v as_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v
buy_n and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n either_o for_o ready_a money_n or_o payable_a at_o some_o day_n of_o payment_n wherein_o the_o mediation_n of_o a_o broker_n be_v most_o necessary_a for_o as_o it_o will_v be_v troublesome_a to_o use_v scrivener_n in_o every_o bargain_n so_o be_v it_o commodious_a to_o use_v the_o mean_n of_o broker_n the_o commodity_n be_v not_o only_o buy_v and_o sell_v with_o more_o credit_n and_o reputation_n but_o all_o controversy_n which_o do_v arise_v by_o misadventure_n or_o otherwise_o be_v soon_o determine_v and_o a_o swear_a broker_n be_v take_v as_o a_o double_a witness_n if_o he_o do_v produce_v his_o book_n with_o a_o memorandum_n of_o the_o bargain_n as_o the_o same_o be_v agree_v between_o both_o party_n whereby_o many_o varience_n be_v reconcile_v and_o difference_n like_a to_o fall_v out_o be_v prevent_v contract_n the_o most_o beneficial_a contract_n i_o have_v almost_o forget_v the_o most_o memorable_a contract_n that_o ever_o be_v whereby_o the_o philosopher_n elixir_n or_o stone_n be_v find_v turn_v lead_n paper_n and_o ink_n into_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o be_v the_o contract_n of_o pope_n for_o their_o crusado_n or_o bull_n whereof_o there_o be_v certain_a contractor_n who_o for_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n yearly_a to_o be_v pay_v do_v receive_v authority_n to_o disperse_v the_o say_v pardon_n or_o bull_n into_o the_o west-indies_n perou_n nova_fw-la espagnia_n and_o all_o those_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n and_o every_o reasonable_a soul_n must_v have_v one_o of_o they_o yearly_a and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o most_o beneficial_a contract_n i_o prove_v thus_o in_o the_o year_n 1591._o pope_n sixtus_n quintus_n cause_v two_o ship_n to_o be_v lade_v out_o of_o spain_n for_o the_o west-indies_n as_o aforesaid_a with_o some_o 100_o butt_n of_o sack_n 1400_o little_a chest_n contain_v each_o of_o they_o three_o ordinary_a small_a barrel_n of_o quicksilver_n weigh_v 50_o will_v the_o piece_n to_o refine_v the_o silver_n withal_o in_o the_o say_a indies_n and_o moreover_o with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o pack_n of_o the_o print_a bull_n and_o pardon_n grant_v at_o that_o time_n to_o make_v provision_n against_o the_o heretic_n forasmuch_o that_o the_o great_a armada_n of_o the_o year_n 1588._o have_v so_o much_o exhaust_v the_o treasure_n of_o spain_n these_o two_o ship_n be_v meet_v withal_o at_o sea_n by_o captain_n white_n who_o be_v lade_v and_o bind_v for_o barbary_n and_o bring_v into_o england_n by_o he_o where_o the_o commodity_n be_v sell_v but_o the_o pope_n merchandise_n be_v out_o of_o request_n remain_v a_o long_a time_n in_o warehouse_n at_o the_o dispose_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n until_o at_o last_o at_o the_o earnest_a request_n of_o her_o physician_n call_v doctor_n lopes_n she_o give_v all_o the_o say_v great_a quantity_n of_o bull_n unto_o he_o amount_v to_o many_o thousand_o in_o number_n this_o courtly_a merchant_n fall_v in_o communication_n with_o a_o italian_a knight_n who_o have_v be_v a_o merchant_n do_v conclude_v with_o the_o say_a knight_n to_o make_v a_o partable_a voyage_n between_o they_o and_o to_o send_v those_o bull_n into_o the_o west-indies_n and_o according_o a_o ship_n be_v freight_v and_o lade_v with_o the_o say_a bull_n and_o some_o other_o commodity_n and_o do_v perform_v the_o say_a voyage_n to_o the_o indies_n but_o no_o soon_o arrive_v the_o pope_n contractor_n for_o that_o commodity_n do_v seize_v upon_o all_o the_o say_a bull_n and_o cause_v a_o information_n to_o be_v give_v against_o they_o that_o they_o be_v infect_v have_v be_v take_v by_o heretic_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o they_o be_v miraculous_o save_v but_o lose_v they_o be_v and_o confiscate_v and_o so_o covetousness_n be_v well_o reward_v but_o return_v to_o prove_v this_o beneficial_a contract_n merchandise_n the_o pope_n his_o merchandise_n i_o be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o take_n of_o the_o say_a bull_n will_v by_o authority_n to_o make_v and_o estimate_n what_o the_o lade_n of_o these_o two_o ship_n may_v cost_v and_o what_o they_o may_v have_v be_v worth_a in_o the_o west_n indies_n according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o every_o bull_n tax_v at_o two_o royal_n of_o plate_n and_o some_o four_o and_o some_o eight_o royal_n according_a to_o their_o limitation_n every_o one_o be_v but_o one_o sheet_n of_o paper_n and_o by_o computation_n the_o lade_n do_v not_o cost_v fifty_o thousand_o pound_n and_o will_v have_v yield_v above_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n for_o these_o contract_n be_v fervent_a and_o full_a of_o devotion_n contain_v also_o a_o commandment_n that_o their_o bed_n shall_v be_v sell_v rather_o than_o any_o one_o shall_v be_v without_o a_o bull_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o health_n and_o ease_n of_o the_o body_n now_o before_o we_o entreat_v of_o extravagant_a contract_n in_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n in_o some_o place_n it_o will_v not_o be_v impertinent_a to_o note_v the_o observation_n and_o opinion_n of_o civilians_n concern_v merchant_n contract_n which_o they_o have_v distinguish_v to_o be_v solemn_a public_a or_o private_a as_o in_o the_o marginal_a note_n be_v before_o declare_v to_o the_o end_n all_o controversy_n may_v be_v avoid_v in_o the_o say_a merchant_n contract_n the_o civilians_n writing_n de_fw-fr contractibus_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la plain_a merchant_n contract_n be_v to_o be_v plain_a or_o of_o merchant_n contract_v make_v many_o distinction_n but_o the_o condition_n agree_v upon_o between_o they_o be_v chief_o considerable_a and_o to_o be_v well_o declare_v to_o avoid_v ambiguity_n and_o construction_n and_o reciprocal_a thing_n to_o be_v perform_v on_o both_o side_n which_o bind_v they_o better_o so_o that_o if_o a_o contract_n be_v break_v whereby_o the_o one_o party_n be_v damnify_v for_o the_o want_n of_o his_o money_n or_o good_n not_o deliver_v whereby_o he_o can_v make_v no_o benefit_n and_o be_v hinder_v in_o his_o trade_n by_o lucrum_fw-la cessans_fw-la or_o not_o get_v the_o other_o party_n may_v just_o demand_v recompense_n for_o the_o same_o especial_o if_o he_o be_v a_o merchant_n otherwise_o some_o civilians_n make_v the_o same_o questionable_a as_o fisherman_n fowler_n and_o hunter_n which_o say_v they_o can_v demand_v any_o loss_n for_o want_n of_o their_o own_o because_o by_o their_o profession_n they_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o they_o shall_v catch_v or_o take_v any_o thing_n by_o their_o art_n nevertheless_o the_o merchant_n court_n have_v a_o especial_a care_n to_o perform_v well_o with_o fisherman_n contract_n fisherman_n be_v to_o be_v respect_v upon_o contract_n and_o that_o with_o all_o expedition_n of_o justice_n they_o may_v be_v dispatch_v to_o follow_v their_o trade_n without_o any_o intermission_n of_o time_n this_o damage_n sustain_v by_o merchant_n or_o other_o regard_v the_o first_o damage_n upon_o contract_n to_o be_v regard_v for_o the_o non_fw-fr performance_n of_o contract_n can_v be_v demand_v by_o a_o continuance_n of_o time_n run_v ad_fw-la infinitum_fw-la during_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n but_o must_v be_v demand_v according_a to_o the_o first_o damage_n receive_v as_o the_o party_n can_v due_o prove_v the_o same_o either_o by_o witness_n or_o upon_o his_o oath_n as_o the_o cause_n may_v require_v therefore_o when_o merchant_n be_v contend_v in_o any_o court_n of_o equity_n or_o law_n where_o they_o be_v delay_v for_o many_o year_n in_o continual_a suit_n at_o their_o great_a charge_n then_o it_o tend_v to_o the_o interrupof_n trade_n and_o commerce_n in_o general_a and_o the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o party_n in_o particular_a whereof_o the_o law_n of_o merchant_n have_v a_o singular_a care_n to_o provide_v for_o and_o therefore_o do_v many_o time_n though_o not_o without_o danger_n admit_v the_o proof_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o party_n oath_n if_o witness_n be_v absent_a contract_n penalty_n upon_o contract_n the_o penalty_n or_o forfeiture_n upon_o any_o contract_n limit_v and_o express_v be_v it_o nomine_fw-la pain_fw-la or_o otherwise_o be_v therefore_o much_o to_o be_v consider_v of_o in_o equity_n to_o make_v they_o stand_v and_o to_o be_v effectual_a for_o the_o mainetenance_n of_o faith_n and_o credit_n between_o merchant_n and_o they_o be_v consequent_o much_o approve_v by_o all_o civilians_n and_o by_o their_o law_n allow_v in_o all_o contract_n make_v for_o a_o copartnership_n in_o provide_v of_o a_o joint_a stock_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o one_o or_o some_o of_o they_o do_v not_o defraud_v the_o other_o also_o it_o be_v approve_v that_o they_o may_v sell_v their_o adventure_n to_o other_o and_o the_o buyer_n be_v to_o take_v the_o account_n according_a to_o the_o contract_n contract_n observation_n in_o partable_a contract_n for_o the_o account_n give_v to_o other_o partner_n in_o society_n do_v always_o bind_v the_o buyer_n
or_o amount_v unto_o albeit_o that_o in_o this_o as_o i_o have_v touch_v before_o custom_n be_v prefer_v above_o law_n particular_a custom_n to_o be_v above_o law_n in_o this_o particular_a for_o the_o civil_a law_n if_o there_o be_v many_o assuror_n in_o a_o ship_n upon_o the_o good_n lade_v therein_o make_v all_o the_o assuror_n liable_a pro_fw-la rata_fw-la as_o they_o have_v assure_v according_a to_o the_o say_a part_n of_o good_n lade_v if_o a_o loss_n do_v happen_v or_o if_o there_o be_v cause_n to_o restore_v the_o premio_fw-la or_o sallarie_n of_o assurance_n in_o part_n but_o the_o custom_n of_o assurance_n do_v impose_v the_o loss_n upon_o those_o assuror_n which_o do_v first_o underwrite_v and_o the_o late_a underwriter_n of_o the_o assuror_n do_v not_o bear_v any_o part_n of_o the_o loss_n but_o must_v make_v restitution_n of_o the_o premio_fw-la and_o reserve_v only_o one_o half_a upon_o the_o hundred_o pound_n or_o 10_o ss_z for_o their_o underwriting_n in_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n as_o be_v observe_v the_o civillians_n therefore_o have_v note_v that_o in_o assurance_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o sea-lawe_n and_o use_v among_o merchant_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v regard_v and_o observe_v in_o like_a manner_n if_o a_o ship_n bind_v for_o a_o certain_a port_n be_v at_o sea_n be_v drive_v back_o to_o the_o same_o from_o whence_o it_o depart_v and_o by_o tempest_n be_v cast_v away_o the_o assuror_n be_v to_o answer_v the_o damage_n of_o the_o good_n lade_v therein_o for_o so_o much_o as_o they_o do_v assure_v as_o they_o do_v in_o other_o casualty_n assuror_n therefore_o be_v right_o exempt_v by_o the_o divine_n and_o canonist_n to_o be_v no_o manner_n of_o way_n usuror_n take_v a_o benefit_n by_o contract_n etc._n etc._n the_o matter_n of_o loss_n be_v well_o examine_v and_o make_v plain_a the_o commissioner_n then_o with_o a_o mature_a deliberation_n do_v set_v down_o their_o determination_n and_o sentence_n that_o the_o assuror_n shall_v pay_v every_o one_o the_o money_n by_o he_o assure_v and_o if_o thereupon_o any_o one_o do_v deny_v to_o make_v payment_n according_o than_o upon_o certificate_n to_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n and_o some_o of_o the_o say_a commissioner_n make_v of_o his_o refusal_n they_o have_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o aforesaid_a authority_n to_o commit_v the_o say_a assuror_n to_o prison_n there_o to_o remain_v until_o he_o do_v pay_v or_o satisfy_v the_o say_a sentence_n or_o final_a decree_n which_o no_o man_n of_o any_o credit_n will_v incur_v and_o thus_o be_v this_o laudable_a custom_n establish_v in_o england_n and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n they_o be_v compel_v by_o the_o magistrate_n to_o perform_v the_o like_a ordinance_n or_o sentence_n pronounce_v in_o the_o like_a case_n of_o assurance_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xxix_o of_o shipwreck_n and_o thing_n find_v upon_o the_o sea_n the_o merchant_n or_o the_o assure_a together_o with_o the_o assuror_n have_v great_a cause_n of_o encouragement_n to_o look_v after_o the_o good_n of_o a_o shipwreck_n for_o there_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o say_a good_n but_o with_o all_o humanity_n every_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o aid_v they_o thereunto_o and_o whosoever_o steal_v any_o such_o good_n he_o shall_v pay_v fourfold_a to_o the_o owner_n thereof_o if_o he_o be_v pursue_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n and_o as_o much_o to_o the_o prince_n or_o admiral_n wherein_o the_o sea-law_n be_v so_o strict_a that_o the_o steal_n of_o a_o nail_n or_o the_o value_n thereof_o make_v the_o party_n guilty_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o good_n so_o that_o by_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o emperor_n antonius_n the_o thief_n or_o robber_n of_o such_o good_n shall_v be_v beat_v and_o banish_v for_o three_o year_n or_o if_o he_o be_v of_o base_a condition_n scourge_v to_o the_o galley_n for_o he_o that_o will_v not_o help_v such_o distress_a man_n shall_v be_v count_v as_o a_o murderer_n and_o therefore_o may_v no_o man_n hinder_v ship_n to_o tie_v their_o rope_n or_o lay_v their_o anchor_n on_o land_n and_o therefore_o do_v hadrian_n the_o emperor_n ordain_v that_o all_o man_n have_v possession_n on_o the_o coast_n shall_v attend_v careful_o upon_o such_o chance_n otherwise_o they_o to_o be_v answerable_a for_o all_o thing_n miss_v by_o stealth_n or_o robbery_n if_o no_o man_n in_o due_a time_n claim_v such_o a_o wreck_n than_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n or_o admiral_n and_o any_o action_n for_o shipwreck_n must_v therefore_o be_v commence_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n wherein_o also_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o if_o the_o ship_n only_o perish_v and_o the_o good_n be_v save_v than_o the_o good_n shall_v pay_v the_o ten_o or_o the_o five_o as_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o save_v thereof_o shall_v require_v for_o gold_n silver_n silk_n and_o the_o like_a thing_n of_o easy_a transportation_n shall_v pay_v less_o than_o good_n of_o great_a weight_n and_o burdensome_a for_o carriage_n as_o be_v in_o great_a danger_n except_o the_o master_n carry_v in_o his_o ship_n to_o a_o place_n where_o he_o shall_v not_o and_o then_o be_v the_o merchant_n free_a of_o the_o master_n loss_n now_o of_o thing_n find_v upon_o the_o sea_n or_o within_o the_o flood-mark_a these_o be_v of_o three_o sort_n either_o find_v on_o the_o stream_n float_v and_o then_o be_v call_v floatson_n or_o find_v on_o the_o sea_n bottom_n lagon_n floatson_n lagon_n and_o draw_v up_o from_o it_o and_o then_o call_v lagon_n or_o find_v on_o land_n but_o within_o the_o sea-flood_n or_o cast_v forth_o there_o by_o storm_n and_o the_o water_n and_o then_o be_v call_v jetson_n jetson_n jetson_n concern_v floatson_n and_o jetson_n whether_o thing_n be_v cast_v up_o by_o shipwreck_n or_o else_o leave_v or_o lose_v through_o cast_v in_o storm_n the_o finder_n thereof_o as_o some_o lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n shall_v do_v therewith_o as_o with_o other_o good_n find_v upon_o land_n that_o be_v to_o proclaim_v the_o same_o to_o be_v forthcoming_a to_o the_o true_a owner_n because_o the_o loser_n remain_v still_o proprietary_n of_o they_o and_o if_o no_o man_n claim_v the_o same_o the_o finder_n to_o keep_v the_o same_o to_o himself_o but_o by_o the_o rhodian_a law_n the_o finder_n have_v one_o five_o part_n for_o the_o save_n and_o in_o france_n by_o the_o admiralty_n of_o rochel_n they_o allow_v pour_v le_fw-fr droict_n de_fw-fr sawage_n one_o three_o part_n which_o myself_o have_v allow_v of_o eighty_o pipe_n of_o oil_n and_o twenty_o two_o butt_n of_o sack_n which_o become_v floatson_n out_o of_o a_o ship_n of_o diepe_a call_v the_o desire_n which_o do_v perish_v near_o the_o island_n of_o saint_n martin_n de_fw-fr rea_n not_o far_o from_o oleron_n in_o the_o year_n 1589_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o late_o decease_v be_v then_o but_o king_n of_o navarre_n so_o have_v a_o diver_n for_o drown_a good_n sea_n allowâ—ee_o to_o diverse_a in_o the_o sea_n one_o three_o part_n upon_o eight_o cubit_n deep_a and_o upon_o fifteen_o cubit_n he_o have_v half_a and_o upon_o one_o cubit_n but_o a_o ten_o which_o of_o late_a year_n be_v according_o allow_v in_o some_o part_n of_o ireland_n for_o draw_v up_o some_o ordnance_n of_o the_o ship_n which_o of_o the_o spanish_a armada_n do_v perish_v upon_o the_o coast_n anno_fw-la 1588._o but_o by_o the_o custom_n now_o use_v every_o man_n of_o some_o quality_n will_v claim_v all_o as_o his_o own_o if_o it_o come_v upon_o his_o land_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n which_o give_v it_o to_o the_o finder_n if_o ship_n or_o boat_n be_v find_v on_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o coast_n without_o any_o live_a creature_n therein_o and_o no_o man_n claim_v the_o same_o within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n then_o the_o half_a be_v allow_v to_o the_o finder_n and_o the_o other_o half_n to_o the_o prince_n but_o of_o late_a year_n all_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o the_o admiral_n to_o consider_v the_o finder_n or_o taker_n with_o some_o portion_n for_o his_o travel_n charge_n and_o danger_n and_o if_o the_o finder_n conceal_v such_o good_n whether_o anchor_n timber_n jewel_n dead_a man_n with_o money_n or_o jewel_n about_o they_o he_o not_o only_o lose_v his_o part_n but_o also_o shall_v be_v fine_v at_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o admiral_n if_o whale_n or_o regal_a fish_n ship_n or_o boat_n without_o live_a thing_n in_o they_o be_v drive_v by_o force_n of_o wind_n and_o wave_n only_o to_o any_o coast_n or_o land_n than_o all_o and_o whole_o do_v appertain_v to_o the_o admiral_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1617._o a_o great_a whale_n be_v find_v on_o the_o coast_n in_o suffolk_n where_o sir_n robert_n lloyd_n knight_n be_v admiral_n for_o the_o late_a queen_n
the_o sea_n be_v adjoin_v and_o in_o propriety_n to_o be_v esteem_v according_o take_v their_o name_n of_o the_o country_n and_o kingdom_n adjacent_a or_o of_o their_o situation_n as_o mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la mare_fw-la germanicum_n mare_n hibernicum_n and_o for_o situation_n mare_fw-la mediterraneum_fw-la observe_v by_o cosmographer_n historiographer_n and_o mathematician_n this_o be_v perform_v with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o compass_n count_v of_o course_n sounding_n colour_n of_o the_o gravel_n or_o sand_n and_o other_o way_n to_o design_n finitum_fw-la ab_fw-la '_o infinito_o law_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o far_o as_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o certain_a reach_n and_o bound_n of_o sea_n proper_o apppertain_v to_o any_o prince_n or_o people_n wherein_o the_o doctor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v record_v excellent_a observation_n custom_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o custom_n baldus_n say_v vidimus_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la in_fw-la mare_fw-la esse_fw-la regna_fw-la distincta_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la auda_fw-la iâ—sula_fw-la ad_fw-la legem_fw-la 1._o the_o ter_z divisione_n in_o §._o nullius_fw-la in_o tratt_v de_fw-fr iâ—sula_fw-la bartolas_n do_v in_o his_o opinion_n allow_v for_o prince_n and_o people_n at_o the_o seaside_n centum_fw-la mitliaria_fw-la which_o be_v one_o hundred_o league_n of_o sea_n from_o their_o coast_n if_o they_o extend_v their_o protection_n so_o far_o call_v by_o they_o districtus_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o territorium_fw-la which_o be_v most_o plain_a in_o those_o sea_n where_o the_o isle_n of_o garnesey_n and_o jarnesey_n be_v so_o sensible_a and_o visible_a to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n dominion_n visible_a mark_v of_o dominion_n or_o where_o there_o be_v such_o rock_n or_o eminent_a mark_n as_o the_o washes_n at_o the_o west_n sea_n thereof_o to_o which_o purpose_n paulus_n a_o renown_a civilian_n say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o needful_a for_o he_o who_o will_v possess_v himself_o of_o any_o land_n to_o go_v about_o and_o tread_v over_o the_o same_o but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o enter_v in_o upon_o any_o part_n thereof_o with_o a_o mind_n to_o possess_v all_o the_o rest_n thereof_o even_o to_o the_o due_a march_n to_o be_v make_v apparent_a by_o the_o instrument_n of_o geometrician_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v design_v upon_o the_o sea_n notwithstanding_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o continual_a flow_v too_o and_o fro_o of_o the_o other_o this_o distinction_n of_o dominion_n have_v continue_v so_o many_o hundred_o year_n need_v not_o to_o be_v corroborate_v with_o other_o proof_n and_o argument_n yet_o let_v we_o note_v obiter_fw-la that_o if_o the_o same_o be_v not_o distinguish_v as_o aforesaid_a admiralty_n case_n of_o civil_a law_n or_o admiralty_n one_o bear_v upon_o the_o sea_n shall_v have_v no_o country_n or_o nation_n to_o appeal_v unto_o and_o a_o man_n die_v intestate_a upon_o the_o sea_n shall_v minister_v occasion_n of_o question_n to_o know_v who_o shall_v administer_v his_o good_n and_o make_v of_o a_o will_n how_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v prove_v and_o execute_v by_o law_n without_o approbation_n of_o some_o court_n or_o jurisdiction_n whereas_o we_o find_v many_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o their_o several_a jurisdiction_n upon_o the_o sea_n as_o deputy_n to_o their_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o be_v always_o absolute_a commander_n in_o their_o precinct_n according_a to_o the_o treaty_n and_o contract_n make_v between_o prince_n which_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o law_n and_o inseparable_a of_o the_o say_a prince_n right_a on_o the_o land_n concern_v the_o possession_n of_o their_o kingdom_n or_o commonweal_n as_o the_o fundamental_a cause_n of_o their_o dominion_n wherein_o discontinuance_n of_o any_o part_n of_o their_o right_n can_v be_v plead_v against_o they_o the_o king_n of_o england_n nevertheless_o have_v be_v provident_a and_o careful_a herein_o for_o historiographer_n have_v record_v that_o king_n edgar_n one_o of_o the_o saxon_a king_n long_o before_o the_o conquest_n make_v a_o survey_n yearly_a of_o the_o four_o great_a sea_n westm._n matthew_n of_o westm._n and_o style_v himself_o lord_n thereof_o even_o until_o norway_n cestriensis_fw-la ranulph_n cestriensis_fw-la and_o his_o progress_n be_v most_o towards_o the_o north._n it_o be_v also_o affirm_v 973._o anno_fw-la 973._o that_o the_o say_a king_n edgar_n cause_v a_o inscription_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o his_o tomb_n for_o a_o monument_n call_v himself_o dominus_fw-la quatuor_fw-la marea_n and_o as_o papinian_n the_o jurisconsult_a say_v in_o finalibus_fw-la questionibus_fw-la vete_fw-la ra_fw-mi monumenta_fw-la sequenda_fw-la sunt_fw-la britannicum_fw-la mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la but_o this_o for_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o their_o sea_n hibernicum_n mare_fw-la hibernicum_n be_v not_o needful_a for_o afterward_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n after_o he_o have_v subdue_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n by_o conquest_n germanicum_n mare_fw-la germanicum_n cause_v himself_o not_o only_o to_o be_v proclaim_v king_n deucalidon_n mare_fw-la deucalidon_n but_o also_o that_o all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v he_o and_o so_o cause_v the_o land_n to_o be_v divide_v and_o yet_o be_v content_v to_o change_v the_o title_n of_o a_o monarchy_n by_o conquest_n into_o a_o monarchy_n royal_a and_o be_v also_o lord_n of_o the_o say_v four_o sea_n resp._n io_o bodinus_fw-la de_fw-fr resp._n by_o the_o former_a assumpsit_fw-la which_o have_v then_o continue_v 200_o year_n and_o his_o progress_n by_o sea_n be_v most_o westward_o for_o when_o prince_n or_o king_n do_v style_v themselves_o by_o proclamation_n than_o the_o continuance_n thereof_o without_o opposition_n of_o other_o prince_n be_v hold_v and_o observe_v as_o inviolable_a and_o permanent_a now_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o succeed_a william_n the_o conqueror_n chronicle_n graftons_n chronicle_n within_o one_o hundred_o year_n do_v join_v ireland_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o do_v reduce_v normandy_n and_o other_o place_n in_o france_n to_o the_o crown_n take_v as_o it_o be_v a_o new_a possession_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o henry_n the_o first_o every_o year_n or_o within_o three_o year_n at_o the_o further_a cross_v over_o into_o normandy_n have_v take_v robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n prisoner_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o malmesbuâ—e_n chro._n malmesbuâ—e_n there_o be_v a_o disputation_n hold_v with_o france_n concern_v the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n about_o britain_n in_o which_o it_o be_v prove_v to_o belong_v to_o england_n hayward_n joh._n hayward_n and_o thereupon_o france_n disclaim_v therein_o etc._n by_o ancient_a record_n and_o treaty_n etc._n etc._n as_o appear_v by_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n the_o three_o his_o proclamation_n yet_o extant_a which_o argument_n and_o contract_n be_v as_o a_o law_n effectual_a and_o here_o i_o must_v remember_v the_o singular_a care_n which_o the_o right_a reverend_a father_n in_o god_n doctor_n abbot_n now_o archbishop_n of_o canturburie_n canturburie_n a_o rare_a book_n remoin_v with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canturburie_n and_o metropolitan_a of_o england_n have_v have_v in_o procure_v at_o his_o great_a charge_n for_o the_o good_a of_o our_o posterity_n a_o excellent_a great_a volume_n or_o manuscript_n which_o be_v heretofore_o take_v at_o calais_n in_o france_n when_o the_o spaniard_n take_v the_o same_o anno_fw-la 1596_o and_o carry_v to_o brussels_n in_o the_o low-countries_n whereof_o i_o have_v have_v the_o perusal_n and_o make_v a_o abstract_n of_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o viz._n the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o edward_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o john_n king_n of_o france_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o elder_a son_n namely_o edward_n the_o black_a prince_n of_o wales_n and_z charles_n duke_n of_o normandy_n regent_n the_o french_a king_n his_o father_n be_v prisoner_n to_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n which_o treaty_n be_v make_v the_o eight_o of_o may_v 1360_o in_o brittany_n near_o chartres_n and_o confirm_v at_o calais_n whereupon_o sixteen_o hostage_n be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v to_o come_v thither_o in_o person_n and_o to_o pay_v three_o million_o of_o crown_n for_o his_o ransom_n of_o two_o crown_n to_o be_v reckon_v for_o a_o english_a noble_a call_v in_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o his_o time_n angel_n noble_a be_v some_o 750000_o 〈◊〉_d sterling_a france_n the_o ransom_n of_o king_n john_n of_o france_n the_o ship_n whereof_o upon_o the_o one_o side_n do_v signify_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n whereunto_o old_a chaucer_n the_o poet_n do_v allude_v in_o henry_n the_o five_o his_o time_n this_o money_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o weet_v six_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n at_o calais_n within_o 4_o month_n after_o king_n johns_n arrival_n there_o more_fw-mi four_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n within_o the_o year_n and_o so_o much_o yearly_a until_o the_o full_a payment_n make_v
within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v the_o king_n chamber_n after_o this_o follow_v the_o particular_a letter_n for_o the_o delivery_n of_o several_a country_n and_o town_n as_o caour_n carsin_n monstreull_a calais_n rochel_n turaine_n poitiers_n poitou_n xantes_n xantogne_n dagonois_n perigot_n and_o diverse_a other_o beside_o many_o letter_n concern_v the_o french_a king_n liberty_n and_o his_o hostage_n and_o of_o the_o homage_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o remain_v with_o the_o title_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o domayne_n beside_o many_o other_o memorable_a thing_n so_o that_o all_o matter_n concern_v the_o sea_n and_o land_n be_v establish_v for_o those_o sea_n and_o king_n eâ—ward_n take_v six_o penny_n a_o ton_n for_o fish_v ship_n king_n henry_n the_o five_o who_o do_v conquer_v all_o france_n and_o have_v the_o possession_n of_o mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la lose_v nothing_o of_o his_o right_n no_o more_o do_v henry_n the_o six_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o their_o proclamation_n treaty_n hollâ—ngshed_n chro_fw-la hollâ—ngshed_n and_o contract_v not_o only_o with_o the_o french_a but_o with_o the_o archduke_n of_o burgundy_n as_o by_o guicchardins_n chronicle_n treatise_n chr._n froiszart_n guiccâ—arâ—in_n and_o the_o say_a treatise_n or_o historical_a description_n of_o the_o low-countries_n appear_v and_o as_o doctor_n d_o you_o in_o his_o book_n of_o navigation_n affirm_v king_n henry_n the_o seven_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o fish_n trade_n proper_o belong_v unto_o england_n in_o his_o sea_n and_o dominion_n have_v resolve_v to_o settle_v a_o trade_n thereupon_o which_o he_o prefer_v above_o all_o voyage_n for_o in_o those_o day_n there_o be_v no_o fish_v trade_n establish_v in_o the_o low-countries_n antiquity_n by_o original_a antiquity_n and_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o one_o hundred_o year_n complete_a that_o one_o violet_n stephens_n and_o other_o discontent_a fishmonger_n depart_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o go_v into_o holland_n to_o the_o town_n of_o enckhusen_n where_o they_o procure_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o fish_n for_o they_o in_o his_o majesty_n of_o great_a britain_n sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n which_o inhabitant_n upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o say_v englishmen_n fishmonger_n take_v the_o whole_a trade_n to_o themselves_o disperse_v the_o same_o into_o many_o other_o town_n whereby_o the_o same_o be_v admirable_o increase_v queen_n marie_n be_v marry_v with_o king_n philip_n the_o second_o of_o spain_n under_o who_o all_o the_o seventeen_o low_a province_n be_v unite_v grant_v a_o lease_n unto_o the_o say_a king_n for_o the_o fish_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o ireland_n for_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n for_o a_o certain_a fine_a and_o pay_v one_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a into_o the_o treasury_n of_o ireland_n and_o edward_n fitton_n knight_n then_o treasurer_n and_o the_o company_n of_o the_o old_a haunce_n in_o primo_fw-la of_o the_o say_a queen_n marie_n have_v also_o liberty_n to_o sish_v within_o the_o say_a sea_n upon_o certain_a condition_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o for_o england_n northwards_o licence_n be_v give_v at_o scarborough_n castle_n to_o this_o distinction_n of_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n porteullis_n invention_n of_o the_o porteullis_n i_o call_v to_o memory_n the_o proceed_n of_o that_o victorious_a king_n henry_n the_o eight_o who_o during_o the_o time_n that_o calais_n be_v under_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n as_o it_o have_v be_v full_a 211_o year_n use_v the_o invention_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o portcullis_n signify_v the_o power_n of_o lock_v up_o of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n between_o dover_n and_o calais_n which_o be_v think_v convenient_a to_o be_v use_v upon_o the_o coin_n make_v for_o the_o east-indies_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o trade_n be_v piece_n of_o the_o value_n of_o eight_o royal_n of_o spain_n whereof_o there_o be_v coin_a in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n for_o a_o trial_n in_o januarie_n 1600_o some_o six_o thousand_o pound_n which_o can_v not_o be_v make_v currant_n there_o because_o the_o spanish_a piece_n of_o eight_o royal_n have_v be_v before_o that_o time_n counterfeit_v by_o other_o nation_n which_o make_v the_o east-indians_a to_o doubt_v of_o our_o coin_n although_o without_o cause_n this_o noble_a king_n henry_n have_v procure_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o to_o meet_v with_o the_o french_a king_n go_v over_o in_o person_n with_o a_o great_a power_n to_o besiege_v the_o town_n of_o boulogne_n in_o france_n and_o when_o he_o see_v that_o the_o emperor_n tent_n or_o pavilion_n be_v make_v with_o the_o two_o pillar_n of_o hercules_n and_o the_o inscription_n plus_fw-fr ultra_fw-la and_o likewise_o the_o french_a king_n tent_n with_o the_o three_o flower_n deluce_n and_o the_o title_n of_o primus_fw-la christianorum_fw-la rex_fw-la he_o cause_v a_o archer_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o his_o pavilion_n with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o his_o inscription_n be_v cui_fw-la adherio_fw-la praeest_fw-la declare_v thereby_o his_o present_a strength_n whereby_o he_o do_v qualify_v those_o war_n and_o peace_n be_v make_v between_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o say_v french_a king_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o state_n of_o a_o prince_n do_v as_o much_o consist_v by_o reputation_n as_o by_o strength_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n have_v also_o be_v mindful_a of_o his_o right_n of_o distinct_a dominion_n for_o the_o great_a blessing_n which_o almighty_a god_n have_v allot_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a under_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v so_o visible_a to_o all_o the_o world_n as_o that_o thereby_o they_o be_v ravish_v with_o admiration_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o earthly_a blessing_n be_v produce_v in_o seasonable_a time_n yet_o the_o blessing_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v direct_v and_o point_v at_o by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n at_o infallible_a season_n cause_v those_o watery_a creature_n to_o offer_v themselves_o for_o our_o sustenance_n and_o for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o all_o creature_n in_o place_n certain_a within_o his_o majesty_n sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n and_o not_o into_o the_o main_a where_o fish_v can_v be_v effect_v whereupon_o his_o majesty_n before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n do_v let_v the_o fish_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o hollander_n for_o fifteen_o year_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o more_o ancient_a treaty_n between_o they_o that_o the_o fish_n then_o agree_v upon_o shall_v be_v eighty_o mile_n from_o the_o coast_n to_o the_o end_n the_o scoles_n of_o herring_n shall_v not_o be_v interrupt_v his_o majesty_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n of_o great_a britain_n make_v a_o grant_v to_o one_o collyn_n of_o coventrie_n for_o twenty_o one_o year_n for_o the_o fish_n in_o some_o part_n of_o ireland_n fish_v grant_v make_v for_o fish_v and_o the_o like_a grant_n have_v be_v make_v for_o the_o isle_n of_o garnesey_n and_o jarnesey_n according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n law_n by_o the_o common_a law_n which_o in_o this_o point_n concern_v his_o majesty_n right_a of_o dominion_n be_v very_o copious_a the_o handle_n whereof_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a of_o the_o say_v law_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n say_a reign_n his_o highness_n cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v concern_v his_o dominion_n of_o fish_v which_o be_v compendious_a and_o substantial_a i_o think_v convenient_a here_o to_o be_v insert_v verbatim_o james_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defendor_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n to_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n to_o who_o it_o may_v appertain_v greeting_n although_o we_o do_v sufficient_o know_v by_o our_o experience_n in_o the_o office_n of_o regal_a dignity_n in_o which_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o almighty_a god_n we_o have_v be_v place_v and_o exercise_v these_o many_o year_n as_o also_o by_o observation_n which_o we_o have_v make_v of_o other_o christian_a prince_n exemplary_a action_n how_o far_o the_o absoluteness_n of_o our_o sovereign_a power_n extend_v itself_o and_o that_o in_o regard_n thereof_o we_o need_v not_o to_o yield_v account_n to_o any_o person_n under_o god_n for_o any_o action_n of_o we_o which_o be_v lawful_o ground_v upon_o that_o just_a prerogative_n yet_o such_o have_v ever_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v our_o care_n and_o desire_v to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o friend_n in_o any_o action_n which_o may_v have_v the_o least_o relation_n to_o their_o subject_n and_o estate_n as_o we_o have_v think_v good_a by_o way_n of_o friendly_a praemonition_n to_o declare_v unto_o they_o all_o and_o to_o whosoever_o it_o may_v appertain_v as_o follow_v whereas_o we_o
inhabit_v in_o virginia_n where_o they_o shall_v have_v house_n and_o land_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o heir_n for_o ever_o and_o their_o work_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o they_o and_o they_o shall_v be_v due_o pay_v and_o that_o a_o certain_a number_n only_o shall_v have_v this_o privilege_n for_o certain_a year_n and_o none_o other_o to_o be_v admit_v albeit_o the_o number_n of_o people_n do_v increase_v whereby_o they_o may_v be_v sure_a of_o a_o certain_a beneficial_a live_n and_o no_o doubt_n they_o will_v adventure_v that_o little_a they_o have_v to_o enrich_v their_o mean_n and_o estate_n and_o persuade_v their_o wife_n and_o servant_n to_o go_v with_o they_o who_o may_v succeed_v they_o upon_o other_o good_a condition_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v do_v with_o tailor_n baker_n brewer_n and_o other_o handicraftsman_n and_o so_o conceave_a a_o commonwealth_n within_o themselves_o will_v resolve_v and_o encourage_v many_o that_o be_v of_o some_o mean_n to_o accompany_v other_o of_o small_a mean_n whereby_o the_o base_a mind_a will_v be_v bring_v to_o be_v also_o painful_a and_o industrious_a in_o time_n and_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o undertaker_n will_v be_v less_o and_o more_o commodious_a to_o provide_v the_o voyage_n with_o facility_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n by_o the_o hollander_n in_o the_o island_n of_o saint_n thomas_n under_o the_o line_n but_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o that_o climate_n do_v bring_v a_o disorder_n and_o the_o attempt_n be_v give_v over_o it_o be_v more_o like_a to_o be_v establish_v in_o other_o place_n for_o albeit_o the_o war_n in_o europe_n will_v diminish_v the_o people_n yet_o most_o country_n be_v populous_a politician_n although_o they_o be_v much_o mistake_v in_o the_o number_n of_o parish_n of_o several_a kingdom_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o person_n or_o inhabitant_n france_n contain_v by_o late_a estimation_n about_o 27400_o parish_n etc._n what_o people_n in_o france_n in_o number_n etc._n etc._n esteem_v in_o 44_o hundred_o thousand_o family_n of_o five_o person_n to_o a_o family_n where_o in_o england_n six_o person_n be_v account_v to_o be_v in_o a_o family_n be_v 22_o million_o of_o person_n england_n contain_v 9725_o parish_n 52_o shire_n and_o 26_o city_n be_v esteem_v in_o 28_o hundred_o thousand_o family_n of_o six_o person_n which_o make_v 16_o million_o and_o 800_o thousand_o person_n scotland_n contain_v above_o 4000_o parish_n be_v esteem_v to_o have_v about_o 1500_o thousand_o person_n or_o family_n of_o six_o person_n be_v nine_o million_o of_o person_n ireland_n contain_v 5500_o parish_n be_v esteem_v not_o to_o contain_v the_o two_o three_o part_n of_o scotland_n which_o be_v now_o much_o increase_v the_o province_n of_o flanders_n one_o of_o the_o 17_o netherlands_o esteem_v to_o contain_v 140_o thousand_o family_n of_o five_o person_n be_v 700_o thousand_o person_n which_o be_v more_o than_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n be_v ten_o time_n more_o spacious_a now_o omit_v to_o speak_v of_o other_o country_n monarchy_n too_o populous_a be_v dangerous_a in_o monarchy_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o in_o all_o popular_a government_n be_v it_o a_o aristocracy_n or_o democracie_n the_o mean_n to_o make_v country_n populous_a be_v think_v reasonable_a which_o in_o monarchy_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v dangerous_a the_o concourse_n of_o people_n cause_v the_o great_a consumpsion_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o the_o revenue_n be_v great_a by_o imposition_n and_o it_o give_v life_n to_o traffic_v and_o commerce_n the_o plantation_n of_o ulster_n one_o of_o the_o four_o province_n of_o ireland_n be_v now_o very_o great_a and_o the_o mean_n to_o set_v the_o people_n on_o work_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o hand_n which_o may_v be_v do_v by_o a_o corporation_n of_o english_a and_o irish_a merchant_n there_o inhabit_v and_o english_a merchant_n in_o england_n to_o vent_v the_o superfluity_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o to_o increase_v the_o manufacture_n of_o many_o needful_a commodity_n to_o be_v make_v there_o the_o realm_n afford_v stuff_n and_o material_n thereunto_o plenteous_o and_o here_o i_o remember_v a_o good_a observation_n heretofore_o make_v touch_v the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n why_o the_o same_o be_v not_o bring_v unto_o perfect_a obedience_n to_o their_o sovereign_n these_o 400_o â—_z but_o under_o our_o most_o gracious_a king_n james_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o mistake_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o plantation_n of_o the_o first_o adventurer_n that_o be_v deceive_v in_o their_o choice_n of_o fit_a place_n for_o plantation_n to_o be_v consider_v of_o for_o they_o sit_v down_o and_o erect_v their_o castle_n and_o habitation_n in_o the_o plain_n and_o open_a country_n where_o they_o find_v most_o fruitful_a and_o profitable_a land_n &_o turn_v the_o irish_a into_o the_o wood_n and_o mountain_n which_o as_o they_o be_v proper_a place_n for_o outlaw_n and_o thief_n so_o be_v they_o their_o natural_a castle_n and_o fortification_n thither_o they_o drive_v their_o prey_n and_o stealth_n the_o lurk_v there_o &_o wait_v to_o do_v evil_a and_o mischief_n for_o these_o place_n they_o keep_v unknown_a by_o make_v the_o way_n and_o entry_n thereunto_o impassable_a there_o â—hey_n keep_v their_o cattle_n live_v by_o the_o milk_n of_o the_o cow_n without_o husbandry_n or_o tillage_n there_o they_o increase_v and_o multiply_v unto_o infinite_a number_n by_o promiscuous_a generation_n among_o themselves_o there_o they_o make_v their_o assembly_n and_o conspiracy_n without_o discovery_n but_o they_o discover_v the_o weakness_n of_o the_o english_a dwelling_n in_o the_o open_a plain_n and_o thereupon_o make_v their_o fally_n and_o retrait_n with_o great_a advantage_n whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o the_o english_a have_v build_v their_o castle_n and_o town_n in_o those_o place_n of_o fastnes_n &_o have_v drive_v the_o irish_a into_o the_o plain_n and_o open_a country_n where_o they_o may_v have_v have_v a_o eye_n and_o observation_n upon_o they_o the_o irish_a have_v be_v easy_o keep_v in_o order_n and_o in_o short_a time_n reclaim_v from_o their_o wildness_n and_o will_v have_v use_v tillage_n and_o by_o dwell_v together_o in_o towneship_n learn_v mechanical_a art_n and_o science_n this_o discourse_n may_v seem_v strange_a to_o the_o law_n of_o merchant_n but_o when_o merchant_n undertake_v plantation_n as_o we_o see_v they_o do_v no_o man_n will_v hold_v the_o same_o to_o be_v impertinent_a australis_fw-la the_o discovery_n of_o the_o southern_a country_n call_v terra_fw-la australis_fw-la and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o diverse_a mathematician_n heretofore_o have_v according_a to_o those_o discovery_n make_v their_o map_n and_o upon_o good_a probability_n affirm_v and_o set_v down_o terra_fw-la australis_fw-la incognita_fw-la whereof_o discovery_n have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n 1615_o by_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr quir_n a_o spanish_a captain_n let_v we_o consider_v that_o many_o other_o country_n may_v also_o be_v find_v out_o albeit_o this_o contain_v a_o five_o part_n of_o the_o world_n for_o as_o he_o say_v to_o philip_n the_o three_o late_a king_n of_o spain_n the_o length_n thereof_o be_v as_o great_a as_o all_o europe_n and_o asia_n the_o less_o unto_o the_o sea_n of_o bachu_n persia_n and_o all_o the_o isle_n as_o well_o of_o the_o ocean_n as_o of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n take_v england_n and_o island_n into_o this_o account_n seat_v within_o zona_fw-la torrida_fw-la and_o a_o great_a thereof_o reach_v unto_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n elevate_v unto_o they_o to_o 90_o degree_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o in_o some_o place_n a_o little_a less_o there_o they_o live_v without_o king_n or_o law_n and_o know_v no_o neighbourhood_n either_o of_o turk_n or_o moor_n and_o according_a to_o this_o manner_n of_o life_n although_o they_o want_v iron_n and_o gun_n they_o have_v not_o need_v of_o any_o thing_n but_o they_o abound_v with_o many_o excellent_a commodity_n whereof_o the_o spaniard_n will_v in_o time_n make_v use_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v more_o assure_v of_o gold_n there_o to_o be_v find_v as_o in_o part_n they_o be_v of_o silver_n and_o pearl_n for_o these_o be_v the_o three_o most_o precious_a darling_n that_o lie_v and_o be_v cherrish_v in_o the_o bosom_n of_o nature_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o spice_n and_o drug_n whereof_o they_o abound_v with_o many_o other_o commodity_n by_o the_o say_a captain_n declare_v and_o here_o we_o may_v not_o omit_v to_o remember_v that_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o discover_v country_n and_o leave_v they_o without_o plantation_n or_o at_o the_o least_o neglect_v the_o use_n of_o they_o if_o merchant_n do_v give_v over_o their_o enterprise_n but_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o prince_n to_o see_v plantation_n make_v plantation_n true_a cause_n to_o make_v plantation_n for_o two_o main_a reason_n
and_o many_o danger_n prevent_v and_o so_o every_o ship_n in_o every_o such_o voyage_n may_v gain_v quick_o one_o hundred_o pound_n that_o usual_o carry_v in_o she_o but_o twenty_o man_n more_o than_o now_o they_o do_v by_o leave_v of_o four_o man_n there_o of_o twenty_o and_o as_o the_o proportion_n before_o name_v hold_n for_o leave_v six_o man_n in_o newfoundland_n of_o thirty_o so_o the_o allow_v of_o man_n to_o be_v make_v proportionable_o from_o every_o ship_n plantation_n a_o easy_a way_n for_o plantation_n will_v soon_o raise_v many_o people_n to_o be_v settle_v in_o every_o harbour_n where_o our_o nation_n use_v to_o fish_n and_o in_o other_o harbour_n in_o other_o country_n in_o like_a manner_n some_o ship_n by_o this_o course_n may_v then_o quick_o gain_v two_o hundred_o pound_n and_o some_o 300_o will_v and_o more_o according_a to_o their_o greatness_n more_o than_o they_o do_v yearly_a now_o and_o those_o man_n so_o leave_v will_v manure_v land_n for_o corn_n see_v board_n and_o fit_a timber_n to_o be_v transport_v from_o thence_o and_o search_v out_o for_o diverse_a commodity_n in_o the_o country_n which_o as_o yet_o lie_v undiscovered_a and_o by_o such_o mean_v the_o land_n will_v be_v in_o little_a time_n fit_o people_v with_o diverse_a poor_a handycraft_n man_n that_o may_v be_v so_o commodious_o carry_v thither_o with_o their_o wife_n and_o that_o no_o man_n else_o shall_v appropriate_v to_o himself_o any_o such_o certain_a place_n and_o commodity_n for_o his_o fish_n voyage_n except_o he_o will_v in_o such_o manner_n settle_v a_o five_o part_n of_o his_o company_n there_o to_o live_v and_o then_o such_o adventurer_n thither_o will_v careful_o provide_v yearly_a for_o such_o as_o they_o leave_v there_o not_o only_o for_o bread_n and_o victual_n but_o likewise_o for_o all_o necessary_a tool_n fit_a for_o any_o kind_n of_o husbandry_n and_o the_o charge_n thereof_o will_v yearly_a repay_v itself_o with_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o labour_n that_o shall_v be_v so_o leave_v there_o with_o great_a advantage_n by_o this_o mean_n will_v ship_v increase_v man_n be_v employ_v and_o two_o voyage_n may_v be_v make_v yearly_a and_o much_o victual_v save_v for_o the_o allowance_n of_o victual_n to_o maintain_v six_o man_n to_o carry_v they_o and_o recarrie_v they_o outward_o and_o homeward_o be_v six_o hogshead_n of_o beer_n and_o six_o hundred_o weight_n of_o bread_n beside_o beef_n and_o other_o provision_n which_o man_n as_o they_o sail_v too_o and_o fro_o as_o now_o they_o use_v do_v little_o good_a or_o any_o service_n at_o all_o but_o pester_v the_o ship_n in_o which_o they_o be_v with_o their_o bread_n beer_n water_n wood_n victual_v fish_n chest_n and_o diverse_a other_o trumpery_n that_o every_o such_o six_o man_n do_v cumber_v the_o ship_n withal_o yearly_a from_o thence_o which_o man_n be_v to_o be_v account_v unnecessary_a person_n return_v yearly_a from_o thence_o but_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o country_n in_o manner_n aforesaid_a the_o place_n of_o these_o ship_n which_o by_o they_o shall_v have_v be_v preoccupy_v may_v be_v fill_v up_o yearly_a with_o good_a fish_n and_o many_o beneficial_a commodity_n and_o the_o man_n so_o leave_v in_o the_o country_n will_v not_o only_o be_v free_a from_o the_o peril_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o not_o return_v yearly_a but_o will_v live_v there_o very_o pleasant_o and_o if_o they_o be_v industrious_a people_n gain_v twice_o as_o much_o in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o ship_n more_o than_o twelve_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o benefit_v their_o master_n that_o be_v keep_v upon_o farm_n newfoundland_n the_o fertility_n of_o newfoundland_n and_o that_o yearly_a for_o the_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v admirable_a replenish_v with_o several_a wholesome_a fruit_n herb_n flower_n and_o corn_n yield_v great_a increase_n the_o store_n of_o deer_n of_o land-fowle_a and_o waterfowl_a be_v rare_a and_o of_o great_a consequence_n as_o also_o many_o sort_n of_o timber_n there_o grow_v with_o great_a hope_n of_o mine_n and_o make_v of_o iron_n and_o pitch_n fur_n may_v be_v procure_v not_o only_o by_o take_v the_o beast_n but_o by_o settle_v in_o process_n of_o time_n a_o traffic_n with_o the_o savage_n for_o their_o fur_n of_o beaver_n martin_n seale_n otter_n &_o many_o other_o thing_n final_o the_o rock_n and_o mountain_n be_v good_a for_o seed_n root_n and_o vine_n and_o the_o climate_n be_v temperate_a see_v the_o great_a part_n thereof_o lie_v above_o three_o degree_n near_o to_o the_o south_n than_o any_o part_n of_o england_n do_v which_o have_v also_o move_v i_o to_o write_v the_o say_a commendation_n of_o newfoundland_n by_o the_o affirmation_n make_v unto_o i_o by_o the_o say_a captain_n to_o the_o end_n all_o merchant_n may_v further_o this_o intend_a plantation_n whereby_o the_o fish_n trade_n may_v be_v much_o advance_v and_o the_o fish_n itself_o become_v more_o vendible_a which_o shall_v be_v prepare_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o person_n to_o be_v leave_v there_o for_o it_o be_v well_o approve_a by_o all_o those_o that_o yearly_a fish_n for_o herring_n fish_n salt_n boil_a to_o preserve_v fish_n cod_n and_o ling_n that_o salt_n orderly_o boil_a do_v much_o better_o preserve_v fish_n and_o keep_v more_o delightfull_a in_o taste_n and_o better_a for_o man_n body_n than_o that_o fish_n which_o be_v preserve_v with_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o salt_n as_o in_o now_o do_v for_o want_n of_o convenient_a house_n to_o boil_v &_o prepare_v the_o same_o yet_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o say_a plantation_n but_o this_o be_v a_o matter_n depend_v thereupon_o i_o be_o now_o to_o entreat_v of_o the_o fish_n trade_n more_o in_o particular_a in_o the_o next_o chapter_n end_v thus_o concern_v plantation_n whereby_o prince_n dominion_n be_v enlarge_v for_o their_o honour_n and_o benefit_n also_o chap._n xlvii_o of_o the_o fish_n trade_n some_o man_n may_v wonder_v and_o not_o without_o just_a cause_n that_o this_o most_o important_a argument_n of_o fish_v have_v not_o be_v handle_v hitherto_o but_o in_o truth_n my_o meaning_n be_v not_o to_o have_v touch_v the_o same_o because_o of_o the_o neglect_n of_o it_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n where_o the_o same_o be_v abandon_v unto_o other_o nation_n howbeit_o upon_o better_a consideration_n call_v many_o thing_n to_o mind_n i_o find_v that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v a_o great_a error_n to_o pass_v over_o the_o same_o with_o silence_n and_o to_o omit_v the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n therein_o as_o the_o fundamental_a cause_n of_o the_o traffic_n and_o trade_n of_o diverse_a nation_n who_o great_a wealth_n have_v proceed_v from_o the_o same_o for_o it_o have_v please_v almighty_a god_n to_o extend_v his_o blessing_n herein_o more_o than_o in_o all_o other_o thing_n create_v for_o when_o god_n say_v to_o the_o earth_n let_v it_o bring_v forth_o tree_n and_o plant_n â—_o gen._n 1.2_o c._n 22_o â—_o and_o for_o fowl_n create_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n let_v the_o fowl_n fly_v in_o the_o open_a firmament_n and_o of_o cattle_n let_v the_o earth_n bring_v forth_o the_o live_a thing_n according_a to_o his_o kind_n he_o say_v of_o fish_n in_o a_o peculiar_a phrase_n let_v the_o water_n bring_v forth_o in_o abundance_n every_o thing_n that_o have_v life_n and_o will_v they_o to_o increase_v and_o multiply_v and_o to_o fill_v the_o water_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o prophet_n david_n be_v ravish_v with_o admiration_n say_v o_o lord_n how_o manifold_a be_v thy_o work_n 104._o psal._n 104._o in_o wisdom_n have_v thou_o make_v they_o all_o and_o the_o earth_n be_v full_a of_o thy_o riches_n so_o be_v the_o great_a and_o wide_a sea_n also_o wherein_o be_v thing_n creep_v innumerable_a both_o small_a and_o great_a beast_n the_o earth_n be_v full_a but_o in_o the_o sea_n be_v innumerable_a of_o the_o beast_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o learned_a have_v observe_v other_o scaliger_n bodin_n caâ—dan_n and_o other_o that_o there_o be_v scarce_o 120_o several_a kind_n and_o not_o much_o more_o of_o the_o fowlâ—s_n of_o the_o air_n but_o no_o man_n can_v reckon_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o the_o creature_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o can_v number_v any_o one_o kind_n this_o aught_o to_o stir_v we_o up_o to_o establish_v the_o fish_n trade_n especial_o for_o herring_n cod_n and_o ling_n which_o take_v his_o original_n from_o we_o for_o it_o be_v not_o much_o above_o one_o hundred_o year_n since_o that_o one_o violet_n stephens_n trade_n original_a of_o the_o fish_n trade_n and_o other_o discontent_a fishmonger_n depart_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o go_v into_o holland_n to_o the_o town_n of_o enchusen_n where_o they_o procure_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o fish_n for_o they_o in_o the_o sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n of_o great_a britain_n which_o inhabitant_n
upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o say_v englishmen_n take_v the_o whole_a trade_n to_o themselves_o which_o afterward_o have_v be_v disperse_v into_o many_o other_o town_n whereby_o the_o trade_n be_v so_o increase_v that_o holland_n and_o zealand_n have_v above_o 2000_o buss_n or_o fish_v ship_n which_o do_v make_v ordinary_o two_o or_o three_o voyage_n yearly_a albeit_o their_o country_n be_v remote_a from_o our_o sea_n and_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n have_v the_o fish_n as_o it_o be_v at_o their_o door_n and_o such_o be_v the_o blessing_n of_o almighty_a god_n that_o above_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o last_n of_o fish_n be_v take_v yearly_a in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n only_o ommit_v the_o quantity_n of_o fish_n take_v in_o denmark_n sea_n russia_n newfoundland_n spain_n italy_n and_o other_o dominion_n and_o here_o i_o be_o to_o make_v a_o little_a abridgement_n of_o the_o collection_n of_o one_o tobias_n gentleman_n a_o fisherman_n who_o make_v a_o treatise_n touch_v the_o same_o entitle_v england_n way_n to_o win_v wealth_n and_o to_o employ_v ship_n and_o mariner_n profitable_a that_o fish_v be_v lawful_a â—easible_a and_o profitable_a prove_v first_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o it_o by_o his_o majesty_n subject_n of_o great_a britain_n second_o how_o feasible_a it_o be_v for_o they_o by_o the_o exemplary_a action_n of_o other_o nation_n that_o have_v nothing_o grow_v in_o their_o own_o land_n for_o that_o use_n but_o be_v constrain_v to_o fetch_v all_o out_o of_o other_o country_n last_o that_o the_o trade_n of_o fish_v be_v profitable_a by_o the_o success_n see_v with_o the_o hollander_n be_v rich_a and_o opulent_a notwithstanding_o their_o long_a war_n and_o which_o themselves_o do_v call_v to_o be_v their_o chief_a trade_n and_o principal_a gold-mine_n whereby_o many_o thousand_o of_o their_o people_n of_o trade_n and_o occupation_n be_v set_v on_o work_n maintain_v and_o do_v prosper_v province_n proclamation_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o their_o proclamation_n annex_v to_o the_o say_a treatise_n hereupon_o he_o show_v that_o about_o mid-may_a they_o make_v ready_a their_o buss_n and_o fisher-fleete_n and_o by_o the_o first_o of_o june_n their_o style_n they_o be_v see_v to_o sail_v out_o of_o the_o maze_n texell_n and_o the_o v_o a_o thousand_o sail_n together_o for_o to_o catch_v herring_n in_o the_o north_n sea_n be_v most_o of_o they_o ship_n of_o 120_o or_o 100_o ton_n and_o the_o other_o 60_o ton_n or_o thereabouts_o have_v in_o they_o 24_o man_n and_o some_o 16_o and_o 20_o in_o every_o ship_n &_o they_o continue_v their_o course_n northwest_o and_o by_o north_n until_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o isle_n of_o shotland_n isle_n the_o situation_n of_o shotland_n isle_n which_o be_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o great_a island_n of_o the_o orcades_n &_o lie_v in_o the_o height_n of_o 60_o degree_n of_o northerly_a latitude_n and_o by_o the_o 14_o day_n of_o june_n which_o be_v by_o their_o law_n a_o time_n limit_v to_o lay_v their_o net_n they_o begin_v to_o fish_n &_o do_v never_o leave_v the_o skoale_n of_o herring_n but_o come_v along_o among_o they_o follow_v 500_o mile_n in_o length_n lade_v their_o ship_n twice_o or_o thrice_o before_o they_o come_v to_o yarmouth_n send_v they_o away_o by_o the_o merchant_n ship_n that_o send_v they_o victual_n barrel_n and_o more_o salt_n and_o net_n if_o they_o need_v any_o which_o ship_n be_v call_v yager_n that_o be_v to_o say_v hunter_n or_o doggerbote_n and_o these_o ship_n docarry_v they_o and_o sell_v they_o in_o the_o east_n country_n some_o to_o riga_n and_o revel_v some_o to_o the_o narue_v russia_n herring_n place_n to_o sell_v herring_n stockholme_n and_o all_o poland_n prussia_n pomerland_n lituania_n statin_n lubek_n and_o denmark_n return_v hemp_n flax_n cordage_n cable_n iron_n corn_n soapash_n wax_n wainscot_n clapboord_n pitch_n tar_n deal_v hoop_n and_o other_o commodity_n with_o plenty_n of_o money_n and_o for_o france_n they_o send_v for_o bordeaux_n rochel_n nantes_n morliaix_n and_o san_n mallous_a cane_n in_o normandy_n rouen_n paris_n amiens_n and_o all_o picardy_n and_o calais_n with_o the_o low-countries_n of_o the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n reconcile_v with_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n return_v other_o commodity_n and_o money_n for_o the_o provenue_n of_o their_o fish_n for_o by_o their_o law_n all_o those_o herring_n that_o they_o do_v catch_v in_o yarnmouth_n sea_n from_o bartholomew_n tide_n until_o saint_n andrew_n which_o be_v rope-sicke_a they_o may_v not_o bring_v home_o into_o holland_n and_o these_o they_o sell_v unto_o yarnmouth_n man_n for_o ready_a money_n their_o fish_n for_o cod_n and_o ling_n continual_o be_v do_v with_o small_a ship_n of_o 40_o tun_n burden_n call_v pink_n and_o welboat_n and_o all_o this_o be_v do_v with_o so_o good_a order_n and_o provision_n trade_n good_a order_n in_o the_o fish_n trade_n that_o by_o night_n and_o day_n all_o be_v supply_v and_o fish_n take_v off_o instant_o and_o of_o my_o own_o knowledge_n they_o be_v so_o constant_a in_o their_o fish_n that_o they_o be_v content_v to_o have_v one_o good_a year_n for_o fish_v in_o seven_o year_n all_o fisherman_n be_v provide_v for_o and_o their_o wife_n at_o home_n can_v want_v for_o in_o their_o care_n they_o may_v be_v compare_v to_o joseph_n in_o egypt_n provide_v for_o the_o time_n of_o famine_n they_o have_v beside_o all_o this_o continual_o in_o the_o season_n another_o fleet_n of_o fisherman_n call_v flyboat_n which_o be_v in_o number_n some_o two_o hundred_o or_o more_o and_o these_o be_v at_o the_o north-east_n of_o shotland_n have_v small_a boat_n with_o they_o call_v cobles_n and_o by_o mean_n of_o they_o ling_n be_v take_v in_o great_a abundance_n which_o they_o do_v not_o barrel_n but_o splet_n and_o salt_n they_o in_o the_o ship_n bulk_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o fresh_a fish_n and_o other_o pretty_a observation_n of_o the_o say_v tobias_n gentleman_n let_v we_o note_v the_o commodious_a fisher-towne_n of_o england_n as_o colchester_n harwich_n orford_n alborough_n donwich_n england_n commodious_a town_n for_o fish_v in_o england_n walderswike_n sell_v yarnmouth_n blackney_n well_n linne_n boston_n and_o hull_v by_o he_o name_v whereunto_o i_o may_v add_v scarborough_n hartlepole_n whitby_n marske_n stockton_n gysborough_n newcastle_n and_o other_o place_n in_o the_o north._n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v much_o admire_v that_o this_o trade_n have_v be_v so_o long_o neglect_v howbeit_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o will_v hinder_v much_o to_o the_o trade_n of_o cloth_n if_o fish_v be_v entertain_v especial_o in_o the_o return_n of_o our_o commodity_n and_o that_o the_o privilege_n grant_v to_o diverse_a society_n as_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n east-land_n trade_n the_o first_o objection_n to_o the_o fish_n trade_n and_o russia_n merchant_n shall_v be_v infringe_v thereby_o and_o so_o both_o trade_n can_v subsist_v together_o other_o say_v objection_n the_o second_o objection_n that_o other_o nation_n be_v more_o painful_a and_o industrious_a than_o we_o can_v be_v and_o have_v more_o skill_n in_o the_o cut_n pack_v and_o salt_v of_o the_o fish_n and_o which_o be_v more_o they_o can_v send_v away_o their_o fish_n and_o pay_v no_o freight_n by_o their_o ship_n go_v otherwise_o empty_a for_o corn_n and_o salt_n for_o they_o pay_v but_o four_o shilling_n for_o a_o last_o which_o be_v drink_v money_n and_o the_o hamborger_n have_v heretofore_o imitate_v the_o hollander_n to_o fish_n with_o buff_n for_o herring_n after_o 5_o or_o 6_o year_n trial_n have_v be_v compel_v to_o abandon_v the_o fish_n and_o suffer_v their_o ship_n to_o lie_v by_o the_o rot_a because_o they_o find_v a_o loss_n and_o that_o the_o hollander_n do_v out_o sell_v they_o have_v the_o better_a and_o cheap_a fish_n and_o the_o like_a will_v befall_v england_n as_o some_o have_v already_o find_v to_o these_o two_o objection_n the_o one_o be_v domestic_a and_o the_o other_o foreign_a i_o make_v this_o answer_n which_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o judicious_a reader_n first_o answer_v to_o the_o first_o that_o the_o trade_n of_o cloth_n shall_v be_v hinder_v by_o the_o fish_n trade_n be_v not_o probable_a be_v a_o distinct_a commodity_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o belly_n and_o the_o other_o for_o the_o back_n and_o both_o be_v sell_v by_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n in_o one_o more_o place_n and_o we_o both_o make_v our_o return_n homeward_o by_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n so_o that_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o person_n make_v not_o any_o solid_a argument_n for_o if_o we_o return_v commodity_n for_o commodity_n and_o they_o return_v money_n we_o may_v return_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o
be_v but_o one_o and_o so_o be_v conjunction_n and_o putrefaction_n likewise_o cibation_n and_o fermentation_n then_o follow_v congelation_n and_o at_o last_o multiplication_n and_o projection_n which_o be_v also_o but_o one_o for_o i_o own_o part_n see_v that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v perfect_a in_o any_o one_o science_n i_o hold_v it_o not_o amiss_o for_o a_o man_n to_o have_v knowledge_n in_o most_o or_o in_o all_o thing_n for_o by_o this_o study_n of_o alchemy_n man_n may_v attain_v to_o many_o good_a experiment_n of_o distillation_n chemical_a firework_n and_o other_o excellent_a observation_n in_o nature_n which_o be_v far_o from_o merchant_n profession_n i_o hope_v shall_v not_o give_v offence_n to_o the_o reader_n of_o this_o book_n see_v it_o be_v but_o in_o one_o chapter_n accidental_o handle_v neither_o will_v i_o crave_v pardon_n of_o the_o muse_n as_o it_o be_v insinuate_v to_o the_o world_n to_o have_v a_o far_o great_a knowledge_n in_o these_o trial_n or_o conclusion_n but_o to_o satisfy_v the_o curiosity_n of_o some_o that_o it_o may_v be_v with_o a_o gape_a mouth_n expect_v to_o understand_v somewhat_o of_o the_o stuff_n put_v into_o these_o glass_n i_o may_v say_v as_o i_o be_v inform_v that_o in_o some_o be_v the_o calcine_v over_o of_o silâ—er_n and_o gold_n in_o some_o other_o mercury_n calcine_v and_o sulphur_n in_o some_o other_o arsenike_n for_o the_o air_n sulphur_n for_o the_o fire_n mercury_n for_o water_n and_o sea-coal_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v put_v altogether_o as_o the_o four_o element_n in_o some_o other_o glass_n be_v vitriol_n and_o orpiment_n and_o what_o more_o i_o do_v not_o now_o remember_v conclude_v that_o where_o nature_n give_v ability_n art_n give_v facility_n i_o have_v read_v all_o the_o book_n of_o paracelsus_n that_o i_o can_v find_v hitherto_o and_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr transmutatione_n rerum_fw-la i_o do_v find_v to_o this_o purpose_n the_o observation_n follow_v concur_v with_o my_o friend_n opinion_n concern_v ripleys_n 12_o division_n comprise_v into_o six_o and_o the_o seven_o be_v the_o matter_n itself_o and_o the_o labour_n or_o work_n rest_v wherewith_o i_o do_v end_n this_o chapter_n and_o proceed_v to_o the_o sure_a ground_n of_o the_o mine_n of_o metal_n omne_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o friâ—ore_fw-la soluitur_fw-la continet_fw-la aerum_fw-la spiritum_fw-la salis_fw-la quem_fw-la in_o sublimatione_fw-la vel_fw-la distillatione_fw-la acquirit_fw-la &_o assumit_v omne_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o frigore_fw-la vel_fw-la aere_fw-la soluitur_fw-la iterum_fw-la calore_fw-la ignis_fw-la coagulatur_fw-la in_o puluerem_fw-la vel_fw-la lapidem_fw-la solutio_fw-la verò_fw-la caloris_fw-la soluit_fw-la omne_fw-la pingua_fw-la &_o omne_fw-la sulphurea_fw-la et_fw-la quicquid_fw-la calor_fw-la ignis_fw-la soluit_fw-la hoc_fw-la coagulat_fw-la frigus_fw-la in_o massâ—m_fw-la &_o quicquid_fw-la calor_fw-la coagulat_fw-la hoc_fw-la soluit_fw-la rursus_fw-la aeer_fw-la &_o frigor_fw-la gradus_fw-la ad_fw-la transmutationem_fw-la sunt_fw-la septem_fw-la calcinatio_fw-la sublimatio_fw-la solutio_fw-la putrifactio_fw-la distillatio_fw-la coagulatio_fw-la &_o tintura_n subgradus_fw-la calcinationis_fw-la compraehenduntur_fw-la reverberatio_fw-la &_o cementatio_fw-la sub_fw-la sublimatione_fw-la exaltio_n elevatio_fw-la &_o fixatio_n sub_fw-la solutione_n dissolutio_fw-la &_o resolutio_fw-la sub_fw-la putrifactione_fw-la digestio_fw-la &_o circulatio_fw-la qui_fw-la transmutat_fw-la colores_fw-la separat_fw-la purum_fw-la ab_fw-la impuro_fw-la purum_fw-la superius_fw-la impurum_fw-la inferius_fw-la sub_fw-la distillatione_fw-la ascensio_n lavatio_fw-la &_o fixatio_n coagulatio_fw-la est_fw-la duplex_fw-la una_fw-la aeris_fw-la altera_fw-la ignis_fw-la tintura_n tingit_fw-la totum_fw-la corpus_fw-la &_o est_fw-la fermentum_fw-la massae_fw-la farinaceoe_v &_o panis_fw-la secundum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la calidius_fw-la liquescunt_fw-la eo_fw-la celerius_fw-la tintura_fw-la transcurrit_fw-la sicut_fw-la fermentum_fw-la penetrate_v &_o totam_fw-la massam_fw-la acetositate_fw-la inficit_fw-la etc._n etc._n sequitur_fw-la mortificatio_fw-la &_o fixatio_n sulphuris_fw-la &_o in_o libro_fw-la de_fw-fr resuscitatione_n rerum_fw-la reductio_fw-la metallorum_fw-la in_o mercurium_fw-la vivum_fw-la chap._n ii_o of_o mine_n royal_a the_o mine_n call_v royal_a be_v only_o of_o gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n of_o which_o three_o metal_n prince_n make_v choice_n to_o make_v their_o money_n of_o simple_a or_o mix_v as_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o declare_v but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o silver_n be_v find_v in_o the_o lead_n mine_n and_o that_o the_o silver_n mine_n have_v their_o oar_n mix_v with_o hard_a lead_n also_o it_o happen_v many_o time_n that_o there_o be_v great_a question_n about_o these_o mine_n when_o prince_n will_v claim_v their_o interest_n in_o some_o lead_v mine_n because_o they_o be_v rich_a in_o silver_n as_o of_o late_a year_n between_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n as_o you_o may_v read_v in_o master_n plowdens_n commentary_n of_o book_n case_n where_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o if_o a_o mine_n be_v find_v rich_a in_o silver_n of_o more_o value_n within_o the_o ore_n than_o of_o lead_n all_o charge_n of_o the_o work_n of_o both_o metal_n be_v full_o pay_v the_o prince_n may_v claim_v the_o same_o to_o be_v a_o my_o royal_a wherein_o must_v be_v have_v great_a advisement_n some_o ore_n in_o one_o place_n be_v rich_a than_o other_o ore_n in_o another_o place_n of_o the_o same_o mine_n whereof_o we_o may_v handle_v in_o his_o proper_a place_n of_o other_o mine_n begin_v therefore_o with_o gold_n the_o most_o precious_a mettle_n mines_n gold_n mines_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o the_o same_o be_v find_v in_o hill_n river_n and_o in_o the_o earth_n but_o not_o mix_v in_o ore_n as_o silver_n copper_n and_o other_o metal_n that_o which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o river_n be_v the_o fine_a as_o contain_v less_o corruption_n and_o be_v all_o of_o one_o goodness_n otherwise_o there_o be_v mayden-gold_n so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v never_o in_o the_o fire_n natural_o all_o gold_n have_v a_o little_a silver_n in_o it_o as_o also_o some_o copper_n and_o come_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n it_o be_v soft_a and_o do_v harden_v by_o the_o air_n such_o gold_n as_o have_v no_o need_n to_o be_v refine_v but_o may_v be_v use_v according_a to_o his_o finesse_n in_o work_n or_o to_o make_v money_n be_v call_v aurum_fw-la obrison_n such_o be_v the_o gold_n which_o sir_n bevis_n bulmer_n knight_n bring_v out_o of_o scotland_n find_v in_o the_o sand_n of_o the_o river_n near_o unto_o the_o gold_n mine_n of_o crayford-moore_n scotland_n crayford_n moor_n in_o scotland_n which_o be_v above_o twenty_o and_o two_o carrat_n fine_a and_o better_a than_o the_o french_a crown_n gold_n i_o see_v some_o eighteen_o ounce_n of_o it_o which_o be_v in_o big_a grain_n some_o like_a pease_n find_v out_o by_o the_o shepherd_n by_o who_o mean_n that_o place_n have_v be_v discover_v in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n some_o other_o gold_n have_v be_v find_v out_o also_o in_o scotland_n within_o a_o white_a sparre_n wherein_o it_o grow_v near_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n &_o run_v into_o small_a vein_n like_o pin_n fit_a to_o be_v refine_v by_o quicksilver_n from_o the_o sparre_n because_o it_o be_v as_o pure_a gold_n as_o any_o find_v in_o africa_n or_o barbary_n which_o we_o call_v angel_n gold_n hold_v but_o half_o a_o grain_n of_o alloy_n i_o have_v see_v the_o like_a sparre_n of_o gold_n which_o be_v find_v in_o england_n in_o county_n of_o lincoln_n at_o brickell_n hill_n near_o spilsbie_n by_o lincoln_n england_n brickell_n hill_n in_o england_n but_o neither_o this_o place_n or_o any_o other_o be_v look_v into_o for_o the_o reason_n hereafter_o declare_v be_v right_o worthy_a to_o be_v regard_v with_o a_o curious_a eye_n and_o a_o industrious_a understanding_n and_o consequent_o many_o other_o whereof_o this_o monarchy_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v rare_o bless_v and_o especial_o in_o scotland_n where_o much_o barren_a ground_n be_v for_o god_n in_o his_o divine_a wisdom_n do_v countervail_v the_o say_a barrenness_n of_o the_o soil_n with_o the_o riches_n contain_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o in_o fertile_a ground_n with_o the_o corn_n and_o fruit_n grow_v upon_o the_o superficies_n thereof_o mine_n a_o observation_n to_o find_v out_o any_o mine_n which_o may_v serve_v we_o for_o a_o observation_n especial_o where_o we_o find_v river_n of_o water_n run_v about_o the_o hilly_a place_n in_o dale_n which_o the_o spaniard_n do_v so_o much_o regard_n in_o the_o west-indies_n seek_v after_o mine_n that_o in_o all_o place_n where_o they_o find_v not_o the_o same_o they_o present_o give_v over_o the_o search_n after_o they_o gold_n do_v come_v out_o of_o many_o country_n as_o out_o of_o the_o mountain_n in_o bohemia_n river_n of_o pannonia_n in_o hungary_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweaden_a but_o it_o be_v all_o exhaust_v there_o be_v wont_a to_o come_v out_o of_o spain_n of_o the_o river_n and_o mountain_n above_o twenty_o thousand_o pound_n weight_n yearly_a
make_v a_o offer_n to_o buy_v the_o 80_o ton_n remain_v in_o the_o tower_n to_o a_o great_a personage_n to_o give_v it_o for_o 24_o pound_n the_o tun_n to_o be_v transport_v to_o my_o friend_n into_o holland_n pay_v ready_a money_n time_n be_v take_v to_o give_v i_o a_o answer_n and_o then_o difficulty_n be_v make_v for_o that_o treasure_n be_v not_o to_o be_v export_v unless_o by_o return_v the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n by_o weight_n hereupon_o conclusion_n be_v make_v to_o bring_v in_o so_o much_o bullion_n of_o silver_n or_o royal_n of_o plate_n but_o when_o all_o come_v to_o all_o with_o run_v up_o and_o down_o and_o further_o offer_v to_o deal_v for_o great_a quantity_n and_o to_o take_v it_o in_o scotland_n i_o be_v put_v off_o with_o this_o consideration_n that_o it_o be_v a_o dishonour_n to_o england_n not_o to_o have_v man_n of_o as_o good_a experience_n as_o any_o be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n whereby_o the_o king_n loss_n be_v 2000_o will_v for_o his_o highness_n give_v the_o same_o afterward_o unto_o james_n achinson_n his_o grave_a of_o the_o mint_n heretofore_o who_o bring_v the_o same_o to_o nothing_o be_v unskilful_a of_o the_o refine_n of_o it_o and_o thus_o be_v good_a matter_n mar_v in_o the_o handle_n handle_n good_a matter_n mar_v in_o the_o handle_n and_o work_v bring_v at_o a_o stay_n or_o hinder_v as_o i_o have_v before_o set_v down_o there_o be_v many_o rich_a mine_n in_o scotland_n if_o we_o compare_v they_o to_o the_o west-india_n mine_n and_o in_o wales_n dire_fw-fr plus_fw-fr pencer_n que_fw-fr dire_fw-fr where_o the_o lead_v mine_n be_v poor_a they_o contain_v the_o more_o silver_n of_o 1_o ½_n two_o and_o three_o ounce_n in_o the_o hundred_o of_o the_o ore_n which_o will_v not_o yield_v above_o 40_o or_o 44_o will_v weight_n of_o lead_n and_o the_o ore_n of_o the_o mine_n which_o hold_v three_o ounce_n contain_v but_o 25_o pound_n of_o lead_n the_o mine_n most_o know_v be_v those_o in_o cardiganshire_n in_o wales_n where_o master_n hugh_n middleton_n of_o london_n goldsmith_n have_v bestow_v very_o great_a charge_n as_o he_o do_v in_o bring_v the_o water-work_n to_o the_o city_n of_o london_n so_o he_o bring_v now_o silver_n to_o the_o tower_n to_o be_v mint_v the_o ore_n be_v four_o ounce_n in_o the_o hundred_o or_o 80_o ounce_n in_o the_o tun_n and_o the_o less_o in_o lead_n for_o the_o rich_a the_o ore_n be_v in_o lead_n the_o poor_a it_o be_v in_o silver_n so_o one_o hundred_o of_o the_o best_a ore_n of_o lead_n will_v make_v near_o 70_o will_v of_o lead_n and_o hold_v but_o 1_o â—_o ounce_n of_o silver_n not_o worth_a the_o charge_n of_o refine_n as_o we_o shall_v declare_v the_o lead_v mine_n in_o ireland_n do_v contain_v more_o silver_n than_o these_o mine_n of_o darbieshire_n and_o somersetshire_n call_v peake_n and_o mendisse_fw-la lead_n the_o saxon_n which_o be_v procure_v to_o come_v into_o england_n have_v no_o more_o no_o not_o so_o much_o experience_n as_o our_o refiner_n of_o london_n for_o by_o save_v of_o lead_n they_o find_v lesser_a quantity_n of_o silver_n and_o so_o all_o be_v give_v over_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o mine_n royal_a be_v the_o copper_n mine_n mines_n copper_n mines_n which_o be_v find_v also_o in_o diverse_a country_n which_o be_v not_o so_o plentiful_a in_o hungary_n where_o the_o best_a be_v as_o in_o time_n past_a but_o be_v very_o abundant_a in_o sweaden_a howbeit_o that_o it_o be_v very_o mean_a and_o inferior_a in_o goodness_n there_o be_v also_o copper_n mine_n in_o germany_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswickes_n country_n as_o also_o certain_a natural_a copperas_n water_n wherein_o they_o cast_v from_o time_n to_o time_n great_a quantity_n of_o old_a iron_n which_o within_o six_o week_n or_o two_o month_n do_v transmute_v into_o copper_n copperas_n natural_a water_n of_o copperas_n england_n have_v diverse_a copper_n mine_n at_o keaswike_n near_o scotland_n be_v make_v some_o forty_o ton_n yearly_a by_o certain_a german_n there_o inhabit_v it_o contain_v some_o gold_n some_o mine_n of_o copper_n over_o be_v find_v in_o yorkshire_n and_o albeit_o the_o charge_n of_o make_v one_o ton_n of_o copper_n be_v common_o 30_o will_v yet_o if_o seven_o ton_n of_o copper_n over_o make_v one_o ton_n of_o copper_n it_o may_v yield_v good_a benefit_n for_o whereas_o 22_o fire_n have_v be_v use_v it_o be_v bring_v to_o 12._o i_o have_v see_v excellent_a copper_n over_o of_o some_o mine_n in_o staffordshire_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o master_n stonewell_n mine_n staffordshire_n copper_n mine_n which_o absolute_o be_v the_o best_a ore_n that_o ever_o be_v find_v in_o england_n he_o do_v assure_v i_o of_o great_a store_n of_o ore_n it_o be_v lamentable_a that_o such_o work_n shall_v lie_v dead_a for_o want_v of_o undertaker_n which_o indeed_o be_v discourage_v by_o the_o great_a charge_n in_o my_o opinion_n the_o charge_n of_o a_o ton_n of_o copper_n of_o this_o goodness_n of_o ore_n will_v be_v make_v for_o 15_o will_v there_o be_v also_o good_a copper_n mine_n in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o england_n where_o i_o have_v see_v good_a ore_n in_o diverse_a place_n which_o must_v be_v roast_v to_o destroy_v the_o antimony_n arsenic_n and_o other_o corruption_n which_o be_v in_o it_o water_n the_o work_n of_o copper_n over_o by_o allome_n and_o copperas_n water_n a_o certain_a nobleman_n now_o decease_v be_v embark_v in_o those_o western_a mine_n which_o be_v promise_v to_o be_v wrought_v by_o imbibition_n of_o allome_n and_o copperas_n water_n and_o the_o ore_n after_o digestion_n with_o rainwater_n will_v make_v of_o six_o tun_n one_o of_o copper_n hereupon_o for_o 300_o will_v by_o he_o disburse_v he_o be_v offer_v 1800_o will_v it_o please_v his_o lordship_n to_o take_v my_o advice_n and_o to_o conclude_v the_o bargain_n for_o when_o i_o do_v calculate_v the_o charge_n of_o grind_v and_o roast_n of_o the_o ore_n the_o make_n of_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o allome_n water_n and_o copperas_n the_o consumption_n of_o iron_n plate_n decrease_v in_o weight_n with_o all_o the_o tub_n and_o utensill_n the_o long_a time_n of_o imbibition_n and_o consequent_o workman_n wage_n i_o find_v the_o charge_n to_o exceed_v and_o that_o the_o course_n of_o ordinary_a melt_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v and_o so_o experience_n have_v since_o prove_v the_o same_o to_o the_o great_a loss_n of_o the_o undertaker_n for_o when_o work_n be_v clog_v with_o immensive_a charge_n in_o the_o beginning_n it_o choke_v the_o benefit_n ever_o after_o as_o we_o shall_v present_o declare_v see_v that_o profit_n be_v the_o radical_a moisture_n of_o such_o and_o the_o like_a action_n his_o majesty_n have_v be_v gracious_o please_v to_o incorporate_v a_o company_n of_o worthy_a person_n mine_n the_o company_n of_o royal_a mine_n for_o all_o royal_a mine_n by_o letter_n patent_n and_o have_v reserve_v but_o one_o fifteen_o part_n to_o himself_o but_o there_o be_v none_o of_o that_o company_n that_o do_v advance_v any_o work_n that_o i_o can_v learn_v i_o will_v to_o god_n that_o the_o mine_n royal_a or_o other_o will_v prove_v to_o be_v worth_a ten_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a and_o above_o whereby_o his_o highness_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a maxim_n of_o the_o law_n may_v claim_v his_o interest_n as_o they_o say_v for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v how_o gracious_a and_o bountiful_a his_o majesty_n be_v always_o the_o great_a wealth_n of_o the_o west-indies_n will_v not_o be_v so_o admirable_a unto_o we_o sterling_a a_o spanish_n million_o be_v 300_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a the_o report_n whereof_o be_v great_a than_o the_o truth_n and_o the_o spanish_a million_o be_v not_o sterling_a million_o nevertheless_o let_v we_o reckon_v they_o with_o the_o most_o which_o be_v three_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a and_o when_o the_o fleet_n of_o the_o west-indies_n and_o nova_fw-la espagna_n bring_v eight_o or_o nine_o million_o it_o be_v a_o great_a matter_n and_o to_o make_v this_o apparent_a i_o have_v here_o set_v down_o the_o great_a treasure_n that_o ever_o come_v at_o any_o one_o time_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1587._o as_o a_o provision_n for_o the_o great_a armada_n then_o prepare_v whereunto_o unto_o great_a benevolence_n have_v be_v gather_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o meritorious_a action_n which_o god_n from_o invincible_a make_v invisible_a the_o register_n of_o the_o treasure_n be_v with_o the_o most_o namely_o from_o nova_fw-la espana_n and_o terra_n firm_a for_o the_o king_n 8100_o ingot_n of_o silver_n 12_o chest_n with_o gold_n 300_o thousand_o royal_n of_o eight_o 20_o case_n with_o pearl_n 1_o chest_n with_o emerald_n 5600_o rove_n of_o cutchenille_n for_o particular_a person_n west-indies_n a_o remembrance_n of_o the_o great_a revenue_n of_o the_o west-indies_n 5_o million_o teasted_a silver_n
1500_o mark_n of_o gold_n of_o eight_o ounce_n 1500_o mark_n of_o pearl_n 1_o chest_n emerald_n from_o mexico_n for_o the_o king_n 1900_o thousand_o pesos_n of_o silver_n 1100_o mark_n of_o gold_n for_o particular_a person_n 2_o million_o in_o silver_n 64_o thousand_o hide_n 25_o thousand_o will_v indigo_n from_o santo_n domingo_n island_n 35_o thousand_o hide_n 900_o chest_n sugar_n of_o 1000_o will_v weight_n 22_o thousand_o kintal_n of_o ginger_n 13_o thousand_o kintal_n of_o logwood_n 50_o kintal_n of_o salsaparilla_n 48_o kintal_n of_o caniafistula_n 64_o rove_n of_o cottonwooll_n all_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v value_v at_o thirteen_o million_o and_o all_o the_o commodity_n at_o three_o million_o whereof_o the_o king_n have_v twelve_o million_o and_o one_o half_a de_fw-fr claro_fw-la wherewith_o we_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n of_o the_o mine_n royal_a and_o be_v move_v to_o write_v also_o of_o other_o mine_n and_o mineral_n contrary_a to_o our_o first_o intention_n but_o brief_o as_o follow_v *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n iii_o of_o mine_n and_o mineral_n the_o next_o in_o order_n to_o be_v treat_v of_o be_v tin_n mine_n which_o be_v but_o few_o in_o number_n in_o all_o country_n mine_n tin_n mine_n and_o in_o germany_n only_o find_v somewhat_o plentiful_a but_o the_o tin_n be_v blackish_a and_o corrupt_a so_o that_o our_o english_a tin_n in_o devonshire_n and_o cornwall_n be_v the_o only_a tin_n of_o all_o the_o world_n which_o contain_v four_o ounce_n of_o gold_n in_o a_o thousand_o whereof_o there_o be_v some_o twelve_o hundred_o thousand_o make_v yearly_a it_o have_v be_v sell_v for_o many_o year_n at_o a_o under_o value_n but_o his_o majesty_n have_v by_o way_n of_o praeemption_n advance_v the_o price_n thereof_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o cornwall_n and_o consequent_o unto_o the_o noble_a prince_n of_o wales_n charles_n son_n and_o heir_n apparent_a to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james._n this_o praeemption_n be_v let_v to_o farm_n to_o certain_a merchant_n and_o the_o government_n of_o the_o stanery_n with_o all_o the_o good_a order_n observe_v therein_o and_o the_o coinage_n of_o tin_n to_o demonstrate_v the_o goodness_n be_v profitable_a to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o deserve_v great_a commendation_n as_o be_v already_o note_v mines_n lead_v mines_n lead_v mine_n be_v find_v in_o all_o cold_a country_n especial_o in_o germany_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brownâ—wike_n but_o it_o be_v black_a of_o colour_n and_o until_o it_o be_v refine_v it_o be_v unseruiceable_a and_o consequent_o not_o vendible_a the_o old_a duke_n have_v almost_o make_v a_o wall_n aboâ—t_v the_o city_n of_o the_o sow_n and_o pig_n of_o lead_n until_o our_o lead_n become_v dear_a and_o scant_o and_o that_o a_o antuerpian_a do_v teach_v they_o how_o to_o refine_v their_o lead_n in_o take_v away_o the_o cobble_v which_o be_v like_a unto_o a_o knot_n in_o a_o piece_n of_o timber_n which_o make_v the_o lead_v brittle_a and_o by_o his_o mean_n all_o the_o duke_n lead_v be_v sell_v in_o italy_n spain_n and_o other_o place_n in_o france_n and_o elsewhere_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n have_v many_o lead_v mine_n contain_v also_o silver_n the_o lead_v mine_n of_o england_n be_v situate_v in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o most_o in_o darbishire_n in_o the_o hill_n of_o peake_n somersetshire_n and_o wales_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o the_o ore_n as_o have_v be_v note_v there_o be_v also_o many_o lead_v mine_n in_o richmondshire_n under_o the_o county_n of_o york_n where_o i_o go_v to_o view_v they_o anno_fw-la 1606_o about_o arkendale_n and_o the_o new_a forest_n have_v prepare_v a_o long_a iron_n boar_n of_o eighteen_o foot_n long_o for_o that_o purpose_n yorkshire_n description_n of_o many_o lead_v mine_n in_o yorkshire_n and_o there_o i_o do_v observe_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o ten_o mile_n that_o the_o situation_n of_o arkendale_n iâ—_n betwixt_o two_o hill_n the_o one_o lie_v north_n call_v windike_n and_o the_o other_o south-west_n call_v moldersey_n adjoin_v unto_o another_o hill_n call_v pouncy_n lie_v west_n from_o moldersey_n all_o belong_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o by_o lease_n unto_o sir_n john_n maillorie_n knight_n there_o be_v also_o adjoin_v unto_o it_o certain_a other_o hill_n where_o lead_v mine_n be_v as_o swailedale_n where_o my_o lord_n wharton_n have_v his_o work_n also_o readhurst_n cocka_fw-mi and_o fellind_a be_v east_n from_o wyndecke_n the_o mine_n of_o arkendale_n have_v never_o be_v wrought_v to_o any_o purpose_n there_o be_v but_o three_o smelting_a cottage_n which_o do_v feed_v upon_o the_o poor_a people_n and_o inhabitant_n thereabouts_o which_o at_o their_o leisure_n seek_v for_o lead_v over_o upon_o sufferance_n and_o bring_v the_o same_o to_o the_o melt_a place_n where_o they_o fall_v the_o same_o for_o 20_o or_o 24_o ss_z the_o load_n give_v to_o the_o owner_n three_o or_o four_o part_n in_o ten_o as_o they_o can_v agree_v and_o one_o ten_o to_o the_o parson_n or_o vicar_n of_o the_o parish_n or_o chapel_n a_o load_n of_o ore_n with_o they_o be_v as_o much_o as_o four_o or_o five_o horse_n can_v convenient_o carry_v which_o by_o computation_n be_v some_o ten_o hundred_o weight_n and_o be_v also_o deliver_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v load_n four_o of_o these_o load_v will_v make_v a_o father_n of_o lead_n of_o twenty_o hundred_o their_o weight_n be_v 120_o will_v to_o the_o hundred_o london_n weight_n so_o one_o hundred_o of_o lead_n over_o make_v but_o 30_o will_v of_o lead_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v for_o that_o their_o manner_n of_o melt_v be_v by_o foot-blast_n and_o small_a furnace_n with_o wood_n and_o charcoal_n melt_a foolish_a manner_n of_o melt_a cast_v the_o ore_n of_o lead_n between_o they_o in_o small_a piece_n and_o so_o still_o augment_v their_o melt_a which_o can_v yield_v but_o little_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v choke_v with_o the_o fuel_n and_o dross_n of_o the_o lead_n whereas_o flame_n be_v the_o great_a means_n of_o melt_v of_o all_o mettaline_a oar_n which_o require_v furnace_n to_o be_v make_v according_o where_o thirty_o six_o or_o forty_o hundred_v may_v be_v melt_v together_o they_o melt_v three_o or_o four_o hundred_o there_o be_v no_o wood_n to_o be_v have_v but_o within_o two_o mile_n but_o sea_n coal_n and_o good_a peat_n be_v near_a hand_n which_o may_v serve_v better_a cheap_a for_o they_o reckon_v 7_o or_o 8_o ss_z for_o the_o charge_n of_o a_o father_n for_o the_o melt_a the_o lead_n be_v cast_v into_o small_a pig_n of_o somewhat_o more_o than_o one_o hundred_o weight_n be_v bring_v on_o horseback_n through_o richmond_n to_o burroughbridge_n be_v about_o thirty_o mile_n distant_a and_o be_v convey_v by_o water_n to_o york_n for_o 2_o ss_z the_o hundred_o and_o from_o york_n to_o hull_n for_o other_o two_o shilling_n so_o that_o a_o father_n of_o lead_n with_o all_o charge_n will_v not_o stand_v in_o three_o pound_n and_o there_o be_v a_o near_a way_n by_o stockton_n on_o the_o seaside_n about_o twenty_o and_o five_o mile_n which_o will_v lessen_v the_o say_a charge_n now_o we_o be_v come_v to_o iron_n mine_n mine_n iron_n mine_n whereof_o almost_o all_o country_n in_o europe_n be_v provide_v which_o do_v much_o differ_v in_o goodness_n yet_o may_v be_v use_v according_a to_o the_o several_a work_n whereunto_o it_o be_v employ_v as_o the_o spanish_a iron_n serve_v for_o blade_n &_o not_o so_o good_a for_o other_o thing_n england_n have_v great_a store_n of_o iron_n mine_n for_o by_o computation_n there_o be_v above_o eight_o hundred_o furnace_n the_o melt_a of_o it_o by_o flame_a sea_n coal_n or_o scots_a coal_n save_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o charge_n there_o be_v late_o find_v more_o iron_n mine_n in_o france_n which_o iron_n be_v make_v into_o bar_n be_v transport_v into_o guinea_n binea_n and_o other_o part_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o it_o have_v continual_o be_v in_o great_a estimation_n and_o now_o become_v so_o abundant_a that_o their_o profit_n be_v but_o small_a of_o those_o voyage_n and_o so_o it_o fall_v out_o at_o this_o present_a for_o the_o price_n of_o lead_n the_o iron_n stone_n in_o wales_n be_v find_v to_o differ_v from_o the_o steel_n stone_n by_o mean_n whereof_o a_o german_a make_v good_a steel_n in_o bar_n stone_n steel_n stone_n and_o also_o gad_n steel_n but_o the_o patent_n of_o sir_n baesell_n brooke_n for_o the_o make_n of_o steel_n do_v hinder_v the_o proceed_n therein_o and_o germane_a steel_n be_v best_a until_o of_o late_a that_o a_o frenchman_n show_v the_o imperfection_n of_o ordinary_a steel_n cause_v his_o majesty_n to_o make_v void_a the_o say_a patent_n and_o to_o grant_v another_o for_o the_o make_n of_o perfect_a steel_n surpass_v in_o goodness_n the_o steel_n of_o all_o country_n so_o we_o find_v
that_o our_o iron_n be_v best_a for_o the_o cast_n of_o ordnance_n and_o that_o the_o sweaden_a cast_a iron_n piece_n be_v brittle_a and_o common_o one_o in_o seven_o will_v not_o abide_v the_o trial_n and_o of_o late_a the_o break_a piece_n of_o we_o be_v make_v serviceable_a for_o iron_n in_o bar_n to_o be_v cast_v again_o mine_n quicksilver_n mine_n mercury_n or_o quicksilver_n natural_a be_v not_o yet_o find_v in_o england_n but_o only_o in_o germany_n in_o very_o cold_a place_n and_o within_o these_o thirty_o year_n there_o be_v two_o mine_n of_o quicksilver_n discover_v in_o the_o west-indies_n which_o be_v a_o help_n to_o the_o quantity_n which_o they_o yearly_a buy_v to_o refine_v their_o silver_n mine_n brimstone_n sulphur_n mine_n or_o brimstone_n sulphur_n or_o brimstone_n be_v find_v in_o diverse_a country_n can_v be_v better_a than_o we_o have_v in_o some_o mountain_n in_o wales_n from_o whence_o i_o have_v have_v diverse_a sort_n of_o sulphur_n earth_n or_o i_o very_o rich_a some_o there_o be_v also_o in_o blackamoor_n and_o basedale_n in_o yorkâ—shire_n as_o also_o many_o other_o mineral_n which_o my_o workman_n do_v show_v i_o sort_n mineral_n of_o diverse_a sort_n as_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la oacre_n red_a and_o yellow_a bowl_n armoniacke_n tera_n d'_fw-fr vmbra_fw-la antimony_n salniter_n black_a lead_n vitriol_n to_o be_v make_v of_o copporas_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v make_v of_o metal_n nor_o of_o saltpetre_n which_o be_v plentiful_a earth_n allome_n be_v make_v oâ—_n stone_n slate_n and_o earth_n and_o now_o i_o can_v omit_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o allome_n whereof_o in_o many_o country_n great_a store_n be_v make_v but_o the_o best_a be_v at_o ciuâ—ta_n vecchia_n in_o italy_n call_v romish_a allome_n make_v with_o small_a charge_n out_o of_o a_o kind_n of_o stone_n which_o yield_v above_o the_o one_o half_a of_o allome_n without_o use_v any_o urine_n or_o saltish_a mixture_n as_o they_o do_v in_o germany_n where_o they_o have_v both_o red_a and_o white_a allome_n at_o reasonable_a rate_n so_o they_o have_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o strait_n at_o constantinople_n carthagena_n and_o other_o place_n sweaden_a and_o poland_n be_v not_o without_o it_o in_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n great_a quantity_n can_v be_v make_v have_v not_o england_n undertake_v so_o much_o whereof_o i_o have_v set_v down_o the_o original_n progress_n and_o continuance_n concern_v those_o work_n at_o large_a the_o substance_n whereof_o follow_v in_o brief_a queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n do_v in_o the_o sixth_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n grant_v by_o letter_n patent_n unto_o one_o cornelius_n de_fw-fr vos_fw-fr the_o sole_a make_n of_o copperas_n and_o allome_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n which_o be_v assign_v by_o he_o to_o james_n lord_n mountioy_n and_o be_v renew_v for_o twenty_o one_o year_n be_v confirm_v unto_o he_o by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o one_o master_n lane_n his_o workemaster_n make_v great_a quantity_n of_o copperas_n in_o dorsetshire_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o purbeke_n and_o some_o allome_n and_o copperas_n be_v then_o sell_v at_o 30_o will_v the_o tun_n now_o under_o three_o pound_n afterward_o about_o the_o year_n 1604_o one_o master_n atherton_n begin_v to_o practice_v the_o make_n of_o allome_n in_o yorkshire_n about_o gisborough_n with_o who_o one_o master_n bourchier_n now_o sir_n john_n bourchier_n knight_n do_v join_v to_o bring_v it_o to_o some_o perfection_n in_o hope_n whereof_o and_o at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o say_a sir_n john_n the_o king_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n grant_v certain_a conditional_a letter_n patent_n to_o the_o lord_n sheffield_n precedent_n of_o the_o north_n sir_n thomas_n challoner_n sir_n david_n fowl_n knight_n and_o the_o say_a master_n bourchier_n for_o twenty_o one_o year_n for_o the_o sole_a make_n of_o allome_n in_o yorkshire_n only_o where_o in_o building_n of_o seven_o house_n and_o the_o utensill_n for_o work_v and_o charge_n moores_n above_o blackâ—_n moores_n with_o other_o extraordinary_n they_o be_v out_o of_o purse_n in_o two_o year_n some_o 33_o thousand_o pound_n and_o can_v proceed_v no_o further_o without_o bring_v in_o new_a man_n for_o some_o of_o the_o other_o give_v over_o in_o time_n and_o will_v proceed_v no_o further_o although_o the_o german_n be_v now_o come_v which_o they_o have_v send_v for_o wight_n there_o be_v rich_a allome_n mine_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n hereupon_o other_o letter_n patent_n be_v obtain_v for_o thirty_o one_o year_n for_o all_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n without_o condition_n and_o then_o they_o be_v out_o above_o 40_o thousand_o pound_n and_o no_o allome_n make_v to_o benefit_n although_o the_o price_n be_v raise_v at_o a_o certainty_n and_o all_o foreign_a allome_n prohibit_v to_o come_v in_o and_o his_o majesty_n have_v be_v please_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o say_a work_n and_o lay_v out_o so_o many_o thousand_o pound_n as_o be_v not_o fit_v to_o be_v express_v thus_o by_o overcharge_v the_o â—_z in_o the_o beginning_n be_v good_a business_n overthrow_v many_o be_v the_o particular_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o write_v concern_v these_o work_n but_o leave_v this_o i_o wish_v good_a success_n therein_o for_o there_o be_v allome_n earth_n enough_o to_o continue_v for_o ever_o and_o in_o place_n westward_n as_o good_a and_o better_a than_o any_o in_o yorkshire_n now_o from_o the_o mine_n of_o gold_n be_v fall_v to_o allome_n and_o copperas_n let_v we_o end_v with_o the_o coal_n pit_n or_o coal_n mine_n mine_n coale_n mine_n whereof_o they_o make_v more_o account_n in_o the_o north_n than_o of_o lead_n mine_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v abundant_a more_o than_o in_o any_o country_n of_o the_o world_n in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o germany_n about_o acon_n and_o collogne_n they_o have_v great_a store_n of_o sea-coal_n but_o it_o do_v not_o cake_n as_o our_o coal_n they_o melt_v great_a quantity_n of_o iron_n stone_n with_o it_o be_v like_a unto_o the_o coal_n in_o nottinghamshire_n or_o thereabouts_o which_o flame_v more_o like_a unto_o the_o scot_n coal_n to_o know_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o our_o coal_n i_o have_v note_v in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n and_o now_o i_o be_o to_o show_v how_o mine_n may_v be_v wrought_v to_o benefit_n and_o profit_n for_o the_o good_a of_o merchant_n and_o other_o chap._n four_o of_o the_o profitable_a work_n of_o mine_n philip_n the_o second_o late_a king_n of_o spain_n perceive_v that_o many_o blind_a bayard_n be_v overbold_a to_o undertake_v the_o work_n of_o his_o mine_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o west-indies_n and_o yet_o consider_v on_o the_o one_o side_n that_o without_o authority_n and_o privilege_n they_o can_v not_o be_v encourage_v thereunto_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n have_v obtain_v the_o same_o for_o certain_a allot_v ground_n unto_o they_o they_o do_v hinder_v other_o man_n and_o themselves_o proceed_v not_o do_v very_o advise_o make_v all_o his_o letter_n patent_n as_o we_o call_v they_o conditional_a with_o a_o proviso_n mine_n a_o good_a proviso_n in_o lettet_n patent_n for_o mine_n that_o if_o the_o patentee_n do_v not_o proceed_v in_o the_o work_n or_o discontinue_v the_o work_n for_o two_o year_n the_o patent_n be_v void_a of_o course_n and_o upon_o certificate_n make_v of_o it_o the_o king_n make_v new_a grant_n unto_o other_o if_o our_o king_n be_v please_v to_o do_v so_o many_o grant_n or_o lease_n make_v by_o the_o company_n of_o the_o mine_n royal_a will_v be_v make_v void_a and_o other_o man_n will_v be_v encourage_v to_o try_v their_o fortune_n upon_o they_o the_o next_o consideration_n concern_v mine_n mettaline_a and_o mineral_n be_v that_o the_o work_n in_o the_o beginning_n be_v not_o choke_v or_o suffocate_v with_o extreme_a charge_n and_o expense_n which_o do_v discourage_v the_o undertaker_n and_o all_o other_o whereby_o the_o work_n be_v give_v over_o or_o mean_n be_v devise_v to_o charge_n prince_n coffer_n with_o they_o for_o it_o be_v true_a that_o thing_n do_v prosper_v best_a when_o they_o be_v underprop_a by_o authority_n itself_o which_o to_o do_v in_o the_o beginning_n be_v more_o profitable_a than_o when_o the_o charge_n and_o expense_n have_v overburthen_v they_o for_o prevention_n whereof_o i_o make_v a_o contract_n for_o the_o lead_v mine_n in_o the_o north_n part_n which_o be_v imitate_v shall_v cut_v off_o all_o such_o charge_n as_o common_o the_o party_n do_v run_v into_o in_o the_o work_n of_o mine_n upon_o the_o conceit_a benefit_n which_o draw_v more_o violent_o than_o the_o adamant_n stone_n for_o as_o the_o portugal_n antonio_n diaz_n tell_v the_o king_n todo_fw-es los_fw-es mineros_fw-es son_fw-it ricos_fw-la porque_fw-es quando_fw-la no_o
so_o many_o million_o of_o copper_n money_n in_o four_o and_o eight_o maluedy_n and_o otherwise_o and_o in_o portugal_n of_o vintenis_fw-la patacois_n of_o so_o many_o reas_n that_o the_o half_a ryall_n which_o be_v our_o three_o penny_n be_v only_o of_o silver_n and_o all_o money_n under_o it_o be_v mere_a copper_n without_o any_o mixture_n of_o silver_n this_o quantity_n be_v almost_o incredible_a for_o it_o be_v not_o many_o year_n since_o during_o the_o king_n reign_n of_o philip_n the_o three_o that_o certain_a italian_n find_v fault_n that_o his_o octavos_fw-la and_o quartillos_n be_v too_o big_a give_v the_o king_n six_o million_o of_o ducat_n to_o coin_v they_o at_o half_a the_o weight_n within_o a_o time_n limit_v and_o as_o many_o as_o they_o can_v utter_v within_o that_o time_n necessitas_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la legem_fw-la be_v true_a in_o some_o respect_n the_o venetian_n also_o coin_v mere_a copper_n money_n venetian_n copper_n money_n of_o the_o venetian_n they_o have_v sessini_fw-la which_z be_v value_v at_o two_o quatrini_fw-la and_o three_o quatrini_fw-la be_v one_o half_a penny_n sterling_a for_o six_o quatrini_fw-la be_v one_o penny_n bagatini_fw-la they_o have_v also_o whereof_o four_o make_v one_o quatrini_fw-la and_o twenty_o and_o four_o bagatini_fw-la make_v one_o penny_n sterling_a by_o calculation_n in_o france_n they_o have_v mailles_n petit_fw-fr deniers_fw-fr deniers_fw-fr double_v france_n of_o france_n and_o liart_n &_o in_o time_n past_a most_o of_o these_o have_v some_o silver_n in_o they_o but_o upon_o due_a consideration_n that_o it_o be_v so_o much_o silver_n waste_v because_o the_o charge_n of_o refine_n do_v surmount_v the_o value_n and_o that_o these_o money_n do_v serve_v for_o the_o commutation_n of_o petty_a thing_n and_o trifle_n they_o have_v save_v that_o silver_n germany_n of_o germany_n the_o like_a they_o have_v do_v of_o all_o the_o small_a money_n in_o germany_n but_o they_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v alkime_v like_o silver_n which_o be_v do_v with_o tin_n and_o sal_fw-la armoniake_n after_o they_o be_v coin_a which_o hold_v fair_a for_o a_o long_a time_n than_o the_o money_n of_o silver_n allay_v with_o much_o copper_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n incorporate_v with_o the_o copper_n and_o take_v away_o the_o smell_n of_o it_o such_o be_v their_o heller_n alb_n hallincke_n and_o the_o like_a small_a copper_n money_n low-countries_n of_o the_o low-countries_n in_o the_o low-countries_n they_o have_v duyt_n mite_n negemancken_n ortkens_n whereof_o four_o make_v a_o styver_n and_o five_o styver_n make_v six_o penny_n which_o we_o may_v well_o call_v a_o styver_n for_o a_o penny_n sterling_a eight_o negemancken_n and_o twenty_o and_o four_o mite_n for_o one_o penny_n also_o in_o some_o place_n as_o in_o flanders_n the_o mite_n be_v call_v corte_n and_o in_o the_o wallone_n country_n engcuni_fw-la and_o in_o other_o place_n point_v pite_n poot_n be_v all_o subdivision_n of_o obolus_fw-la or_o the_o half_a penny_n government_n of_o many_o other_o kingdom_n and_o state_n government_n in_o bohemia_n poland_n sweaden_a denmark_n east-land_n and_o many_o other_o kingdom_n and_o state_n they_o have_v mere_a copper_n money_n tedious_a to_o describe_v likewise_o in_o italy_n in_o their_o several_a principality_n and_o dukedom_n scotland_n of_o scotland_n in_o scotland_n they_o have_v turnoner_n and_o penny_n and_o half_a penny_n in_o their_o name_n and_o much_o base_a money_n of_o achison_n plackx_n baby_n nonsuit_v ireland_n of_o ireland_n and_o the_o like_a in_o ireland_n they_o have_v in_o queen_n elizabeth_n her_o time_n half_a penny_n and_o penny_n of_o copper_n which_o be_v most_o of_o they_o lose_v and_o consume_v the_o necessity_n of_o these_o small_a money_n do_v appear_v here_o with_o we_o in_o england_n where_o every_o chandler_n tapster_n vintner_n and_o other_o make_v token_n of_o lead_n and_o brass_n for_o halfe-pence_n and_o at_o bristol_n by_o the_o late_a queen_n authority_n england_n farthing_n token_n in_o england_n be_v make_v of_o copper_n with_o a_o ship_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o c.b._n on_o the_o other_o side_n signify_v civitas_fw-la bristol_n these_o go_v currant_n for_o small_a thing_n at_o bristol_n and_o ten_o mile_n about_o hereupon_o it_o please_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o k._n to_o approve_v of_o the_o make_n of_o a_o competent_a quantity_n of_o farthing_n token_n to_o abolish_v the_o say_v leaden_a token_n make_v in_o derogation_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n royal_a which_o farthing_n token_n be_v make_v by_o engine_n of_o mere_a copper_n in_o the_o year_n 1613_o with_o certain_a caution_n and_o limitation_n have_v on_o the_o one_o side_n two_o sceptre_n cross_v under_o one_o diadem_n in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o union_n between_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o harp_n for_o ireland_n and_o the_o inscription_n of_o jacobus_n d.g._n magnae_fw-la britt_n fra._n &_o hiber_n rex_fw-la and_o the_o say_a farthing_n token_n have_v not_o only_o be_v find_v very_o commodious_a and_o necessary_a for_o petty_a commutation_n but_o also_o to_o be_v a_o great_a relief_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o mean_n to_o increase_v charity_n without_o which_o many_o of_o they_o have_v perish_v every_o man_n have_v mean_n to_o give_v alm_n even_o the_o mechanical_a poor_a to_o the_o indigent_a poor_a money_n silver_n money_n to_o come_v to_o the_o coin_n of_o silver_n we_o have_v also_o note_v that_o the_o roman_n make_v but_o money_n of_o silver_n the_o 484_o year_n after_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 3695_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n be_v now_o about_o 1900_o year_n since_o and_o by_o some_o coin_v &_o model_n extant_a the_o goodness_n of_o it_o be_v sterling_a silver_n be_v above_o 11_o ounce_n fine_a since_o which_o time_n many_o be_v the_o standard_n of_o silver_n money_n make_v in_o diverse_a country_n according_a to_o occasion_n both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n where_o we_o have_v reduce_v they_o from_o the_o mark_n weight_n unto_o the_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n and_o concern_v the_o money_n of_o england_n of_o the_o sterling_a standard_n more_o follow_v hereafter_o the_o money_n of_o gold_n be_v but_o make_v when_o the_o roman_n have_v take_v great_a wealth_n from_o all_o nation_n money_n gold_n money_n and_o be_v sixty_o two_o year_n after_o their_o beginning_n of_o the_o make_n of_o silver_n money_n and_o they_o be_v of_o fine_a gold_n since_o which_o time_n also_o there_o have_v be_v many_o standard_n make_v of_o gold_n and_o that_o from_o about_o twenty_o four_o carrat_n fine_a until_o seven_o carrat_n etc._n etc._n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o mint_n there_o be_v diverse_a officer_n in_o all_o mint_n the_o principal_a officer_n be_v the_o warden_n of_o the_o mint_n next_o be_v the_o mintmaster_n the_o one_o to_o look_v to_o the_o make_n of_o money_n complete_a according_a to_o the_o standard_n and_o the_o other_o with_o his_o workman_n call_v monyers_n to_o make_v they_o then_o there_o be_v the_o comptroller_n to_o keep_v the_o contrebooke_n for_o the_o prince_n &_o state_n to_o see_v the_o bullion_n receive_v and_o the_o assay_v make_v thereof_o and_o the_o complete_a money_n return_v for_o the_o same_o weight_n for_o weight_n pay_v coinage_n money_n forth_o same_o which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o warden_n by_o the_o say_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la as_o they_o be_v coin_a at_o the_o first_o there_o be_v common_o two_o assaymaster_n one_o graver_n and_o his_o deputy_n one_o that_o keep_v the_o iron_n to_o deliver_v they_o to_o the_o monyers_n or_o the_o provost_n or_o chief_a of_o they_o to_o see_v they_o every_o night_n return_v again_o then_o the_o sincker_n smith_n porter_n and_o the_o like_a in_o their_o place_n all_o these_o have_v wage_n for_o themselves_o or_o allowance_n yearly_a from_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n the_o mintmaster_n and_o the_o monyers_n be_v pay_v for_o every_o pound_n weight_n they_o make_v whereof_o 30_o will_v weight_n they_o call_v a_o journey_n the_o tellors_n office_n be_v but_o use_v in_o england_n money_n the_o sheyre_n book_n of_o money_n which_o the_o warden_n deputy_n execute_v in_o other_o country_n to_o keep_v a_o sheyre_n book_n of_o the_o piece_n contain_v in_o the_o mark_n or_o pound_n weight_n although_o the_o money_n be_v deliver_v by_o weight_n and_o not_o by_o tale_n for_o although_o there_o be_v suppose_v eight_o or_o ten_o piece_n over_o in_o 100_o will_v by_o tale_n it_o do_v encourage_v the_o bringer_n in_o of_o bullion_n for_o the_o â—â—act_n size_v be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v regard_v upon_o the_o total_a in_o quantity_n as_o upon_o the_o equality_n of_o weight_n in_o piece_n for_o it_o happen_v sometime_o that_o one_o shilling_n will_v weigh_v one_o farthing_n or_o half_a penny_n
six_o penny_n and_o withal_o he_o do_v write_v unto_o other_o prince_n concern_v the_o same_o and_o commissioner_n come_v over_o about_o it_o but_o all_o be_v in_o vain_a whereupon_o he_o give_v a_o absolute_a authority_n to_o cardinal_n wolsey_n by_o letter_n patent_n as_o follow_v henry_n the_o eight_o by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o france_n defendor_n of_o the_o faith_n lord_n of_o ireland_n to_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n in_o god_n our_o most_o trusty_a and_o most_o entire_o belove_a councillor_n the_o lord_n thomas_n cardinal_n of_o york_n archbishop_n legat_n de_fw-fr leicester_n of_o the_o see_v apostolic_a primate_n of_o england_n and_o our_o chancellor_n of_o the_o same_o greeting_n for_o as_o much_o as_o coin_n of_o money_n as_o well_o of_o gold_n as_o of_o silver_n be_v of_o late_a day_n raise_v and_o enhance_v both_o in_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n emperor_n francis_n the_o french_a king_n and_z charles_n the_o five_o emperor_n as_o also_o in_o the_o emperor_n low-countries_n and_o in_o other_o part_n unto_o high_a price_n than_o the_o very_a poiz_n weight_n and_o finesse_n and_o valuation_n of_o the_o same_o and_o otherwise_o than_o they_o be_v accustom_v to_o be_v currant_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o money_n of_o this_o our_o realm_n be_v daily_o and_o of_o a_o long_a season_n have_v be_v by_o sundry_a person_n as_o well_o our_o subject_n as_o stranger_n for_o their_o particular_a gain_n and_o lucre_n convey_v out_o of_o this_o realm_n into_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o be_v likely_a to_o continue_v more_o and_o more_o to_o the_o great_a hindrance_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o our_o subject_n and_o people_n and_o to_o the_o no_o little_a impoverish_n of_o our_o say_a realm_n if_o the_o same_o be_v not_o speedy_o remedy_v and_o foresee_v we_o after_o long_o debate_v of_o the_o matter_n with_o you_o and_o sundry_a other_o of_o our_o council_n and_o after_o remission_n make_v unto_o outward_a prince_n for_o reformation_n thereof_o find_v final_o no_o manner_n of_o remedy_n to_o be_v have_v at_o their_o hand_n have_v by_o mature_a deliberation_n determine_v that_o our_o coin_n and_o money_n as_o well_o of_o gold_n as_o of_o silver_n shall_v be_v by_o our_o officer_n of_o our_o mint_n from_o henceforth_o make_v at_o such_o finesse_n lay_v standard_z and_o value_n as_o may_v be_v equivalent_a correspondent_a and_o agreeable_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o valuation_n enhance_v and_o raise_v in_o outward_a part_n as_o be_v afore_o specify_v whereupon_o we_o have_v give_v commandment_n by_o our_o other_o letter_n under_o our_o great_a seal_n to_o the_o master_n warden_n comptroller_n and_o other_o officer_n of_o our_o say_a mint_n and_o to_o every_o of_o they_o to_o see_v this_o our_o determination_n put_v in_o execution_n of_o the_o say_a coin_n by_o proclamation_n or_o otherwise_o as_o in_o the_o print_n coin_n stroke_n of_o the_o same_o wherefore_o by_o these_o present_v we_o will_v and_o authorise_v you_o to_o proceed_v not_o only_o from_o time_n to_o time_n when_o you_o shall_v seem_v convenient_o by_o advice_n of_o such_o other_o our_o council_n as_o you_o shall_v think_v good_a to_o the_o limitation_n description_n and_o devise_v how_o and_o after_o what_o manner_n and_o form_n our_o say_a coin_n and_o money_n may_v be_v bring_v unto_o the_o rate_n and_o value_v finesse_n lay_v standard_z and_o print_v by_o you_o and_o they_o thought_n to_o be_v requisite_a but_o also_o to_o appoint_v our_o say_a officer_n of_o our_o mint_n due_o to_o follow_v execute_v obey_v and_o fulfil_v the_o same_o in_o every_o point_n according_a in_o which_o do_v these_o our_o letter_n under_o our_o great_a seat_n shall_v be_v your_o sufficient_a warrant_n and_o discharge_v any_o act_n statute_n ordinance_n or_o law_n or_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v to_o the_o contrary_a notwithstanding_o in_o witness_v whereof_o we_o have_v cause_v these_o present_n to_o be_v seal_v with_o our_o great_a seal_n at_o westminster_n the_o 23_o day_n of_o julie_n in_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n etc._n etc._n graftons_n chronicle_n do_v record_n that_o all_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n for_o the_o inhaunce_a might_n on_o both_o side_n have_v run_v ad_fw-la infinitum_fw-la afterward_o in_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n find_v that_o merchant_n do_v transport_v still_o the_o money_n or_o make_v they_o over_o by_o exchange_n and_o make_v no_o employment_n upon_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n he_o cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o a_o old_a statute_n 14_o richard_n 2_o employment_n statute_n of_o employment_n that_o no_o person_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n thereof_o upon_o pain_n to_o be_v take_v the_o king_n mortal_a enemy_n and_o to_o forfeit_v all_o that_o he_o may_v forfeit_v hereupon_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o lawless_a necessity_n do_v run_v to_o the_o other_o extreme_a of_o embase_v the_o money_n by_o allay_n whereby_o all_o thing_n come_v to_o be_v out_o of_o order_n for_o base_a money_n make_v every_o thing_n dear_a money_n base_a money_n and_o overthrow_v the_o course_n of_o exchange_n between_o merchant_n and_o cause_v much_o counterfeit_a money_n to_o be_v make_v to_o buy_v the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o to_o destroy_v the_o good_a money_n like_v unto_o the_o seven_o lean_a kine_n of_o pharaoth_n which_o devour_v the_o seven_o fat_a kine_n in_o a_o short_a time_n as_o appear_v of_o late_a within_o the_o realm_n of_o ireland_n which_o be_v more_o dangerous_a in_o those_o kingdom_n where_o their_o money_n be_v of_o a_o rich_a standard_n whereby_o many_o commotion_n happen_v money_n commotion_n about_o base_a money_n as_o in_o france_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o philip_n le_fw-fr bell._n and_o peter_n the_o four_o king_n of_o arragon_n do_v for_o this_o cause_n confiscate_v the_o island_n of_o maiorca_n and_o minorca_n now_o kingdom_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n whereas_o the_o policy_n of_o those_o nation_n which_o do_v use_v several_a standard_n of_o money_n do_v prevent_v the_o same_o because_o that_o promiscuous_o they_o make_v and_o coin_n money_n of_o several_a standard_n according_a to_o the_o occasion_n which_o be_v worthy_a the_o observation_n ☞_o and_o as_o all_o extreme_n be_v vicious_a and_o defective_a so_o do_v it_o befall_v those_o country_n which_o will_v have_v no_o base_a money_n at_o all_o and_o be_v make_v a_o prey_n unto_o other_o nation_n by_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n which_o must_v be_v maintain_v withal_o as_o i_o have_v make_v and_o shall_v make_v more_o apparent_a silver_n proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n the_o three_o effect_n or_o alteration_n of_o the_o king_n valuation_n of_o money_n be_v the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v in_o most_o country_n twelve_o to_o one_o that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o pound_n of_o silver_n for_o one_o ounce_n of_o gold_n wherein_o there_o be_v more_o operation_n than_o most_o man_n do_v imagine_v for_o you_o can_v advance_v or_o enhance_v the_o one_o but_o you_o abate_v and_o diminish_v the_o other_o for_o they_o balance_v upon_o this_o parallel_n and_o whereas_o england_n by_o continuance_n of_o eleven_o to_o one_o have_v be_v a_o great_a loser_n of_o gold_n so_o now_o by_o advance_v the_o same_o not_o only_o to_o twelve_o to_o one_o but_o to_o 13_o ⅕_n for_o one_o there_o have_v follow_v a_o very_a great_a loss_n of_o our_o silver_n which_o be_v over_o much_o abate_v as_o may_v appear_v if_o we_o do_v but_o consider_v that_o the_o french_a crown_n of_o six_o shilling_n be_v answer_v with_o six_o shilling_n in_o silver_n and_o be_v now_o full_a seven_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n and_o our_o six_o shilling_n in_o silver_n be_v the_o very_a same_o for_o twelve_o ounce_n of_o crown_n gold_n of_o twenty_o and_o two_o carrat_n at_o 3_o will_v 6_o ss_z make_v 39_o will_v 12_o ss_z and_o 108_o french_a crown_n the_o which_o be_v make_v out_o of_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n at_o seven_o shilling_n four_o penny_n make_v also_o 39_o will_v 12_o ss_z hereupon_o to_o equalise_v the_o silver_n unto_o gold_n again_o will_v breed_v a_o general_a inhaunce_n of_o thing_n within_o the_o realm_n for_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o measure_n of_o money_n cause_v the_o denomination_n to_o follow_v in_o number_n to_o make_v up_o the_o tale_n which_o require_v great_a providence_n low-countries_n exchange_n fall_v by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o gold_n in_o the_o low-countries_n for_o we_o find_v that_o other_o nation_n perceive_v our_o gold_n to_o be_v enhance_v have_v abate_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n according_a to_o which_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n be_v rule_v so_o that_o the_o same_o go_v at_o thirty_o and_o four_o shilling_n six_o penny_n or_o thirty_o
and_o five_o shilling_n flemish_n for_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a whereas_o before_o they_o do_v allow_v and_o reckon_v thirty_o seven_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n or_o thereabouts_o which_o be_v above_o our_o inhaunce_n of_o ten_o pro_fw-la cent_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v almost_o thirty_o eight_o shilling_n whereof_o our_o mint_n man_n câ—n_v take_v no_o notice_n much_o less_o our_o goldsmith_n and_o merchant_n which_o either_o be_v ignorant_a or_o wise_a in_o their_o own_o conceit_n and_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o find_v in_o one_o man_n that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o profession_n of_o many_o and_o when_o it_o be_v find_v to_o embrace_v it_o for_o wisdom_n draw_v back_o where_o blind_a byard_n be_v audacious_a for_o i_o own_o part_n although_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v hope_v that_o we_o be_v of_o the_o scythian_n mind_n who_o contemn_v silver_n and_o gold_n as_o much_o as_o other_o man_n do_v admire_v the_o same_o yet_o see_v money_n be_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o wise_a so_o necessary_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o sinew_n of_o peace_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o life_n and_o breath_n of_o warfare_n i_o can_v not_o if_o i_o be_v a_o lawgiver_n with_o lycurgus_n banish_v gold_n and_o silver_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o much_o evil_a and_o bring_v in_o iron_n in_o place_n unless_o i_o may_v be_v persuade_v as_o he_o be_v of_o such_o good_a success_n against_o unrighteous_a deal_n as_o issue_v thereby_o but_o rather_o use_v the_o precious_a metal_n so_o convenient_o as_o i_o may_v and_o supply_v the_o defect_n with_o base_a coin_n whereunto_o these_o chief_a metal_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n can_v serve_v without_o great_a loss_n and_o inconvenience_n or_o else_o i_o will_v by_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n prevent_v all_o and_o abound_v with_o money_n and_o bullion_n have_v such_o staple_n commodity_n to_o procure_v the_o same_o withal_o whereof_o other_o nation_n be_v destitute_a let_v we_o now_o therefore_o enter_v into_o consideration_n of_o the_o merchant_n valuation_n in_o exchange_n predominant_a merchant_n valuation_n predominant_a which_o we_o have_v note_v to_o be_v predominant_a and_o overrule_a the_o king_n valuation_n for_o if_o the_o king_n do_v value_v a_o piece_n of_o sterling_a silver_n weigh_v about_o four_o penny_n weight_n at_o twelve_o penny_n it_o will_v be_v currant_n so_o within_o the_o realm_n but_o merchant_n in_o exchange_n will_v value_v the_o same_o at_o 11_o ½_n penny_n and_o common_o at_o eleven_o penny_n and_o so_o it_o will_v be_v transport_v in_o specie_fw-la by_o a_o low_a exchange_n and_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n will_v be_v sell_v according_o as_o you_o may_v understand_v by_o the_o declaration_n of_o exchange_n in_o our_o three_o part_n of_o this_o book_n hereafter_o this_o valuation_n of_o merchant_n have_v two_o handmaid_n beyond_o the_o sea_n which_o do_v advance_v the_o foreign_a coin_n in_o price_n as_o we_o do_v by_o exchange_n abate_v the_o same_o for_o merchant_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v any_o species_n of_o coin_n for_o transportation_n as_o dollar_n for_o the_o east-country_n to_o buy_v corn_n or_o royal_n of_o plate_n for_o the_o east-indies_n or_o french_a crown_n for_o france_n will_v give_v one_o two_o or_o three_o styver_n or_o sou_n upon_o a_o piece_n to_o have_v the_o same_o whereby_o other_o merchant_n buy_v commodity_n will_v condition_n to_o make_v their_o payment_n in_o such_o coin_n according_o merchandise_n currant_n money_n in_o merchandise_n and_o so_o it_o go_v from_o man_n to_o man_n by_o toleration_n which_o be_v call_v currant_n money_n in_o merchandise_n or_o permission_n money_n whereby_o the_o same_o be_v enhance_v two_o or_o three_o upon_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o least_o this_o inconvenience_n seem_v to_o be_v remediless_a as_o the_o placcart_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n declare_v 1594._o anno_fw-la 1594._o albeit_o the_o course_n of_o it_o be_v beneficial_a unto_o they_o and_o in_o regard_n of_o they_o may_v well_o be_v call_v permission_n money_n for_o when_o they_o will_v not_o break_v the_o coin_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v in_o all_o mint_n than_o it_o be_v either_o value_v rather_o above_o the_o value_n which_o content_v the_o say_a nation_n and_o so_o be_v permit_v to_o pass_v between_o man_n and_o man_n which_o draw_v money_n unto_o they_o which_o do_v not_o endure_v long_o master_n valuation_n alter_v by_o practice_n with_o mint_n master_n for_o the_o last_o and_o three_o effect_n of_o merchant_n valuation_n between_o the_o mint-master_n who_o love_n to_o be_v do_v and_o the_o say_a merchant_n come_v in_o place_n either_o by_o abate_v the_o price_n of_o the_o say_v foreign_a coin_n by_o proclamation_n to_o avoid_v their_o hand_n of_o it_o or_o to_o gather_v up_o coin_n before_o they_o be_v enhance_v divide_v the_o benefit_n between_o they_o &_o the_o financier_n who_o be_v officer_n of_o their_o treasury_n which_o be_v do_v with_o great_a dexterity_n every_o way_n in_o so_o much_o that_o when_o it_o seem_v they_o will_v not_o have_v foreign_a coin_n and_o to_o that_o end_n they_o underualue_n the_o same_o then_o have_v they_o their_o exchanger_n or_o broker_n to_o gather_v up_o those_o money_n to_o be_v bring_v to_o their_o mint_n where_o they_o will_v give_v secret_o a_o benefit_n and_o help_v themselves_o by_o the_o shire_n which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o private_a authority_n so_o that_o all_o thing_n due_o consider_v there_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o rule_n of_o exchange_n to_o prevent_v and_o moderate_v all_o these_o inconvenience_n which_o to_o make_v man_n believe_v be_v to_o undertake_v hercules_n labour_n for_o herein_o do_v the_o motion_n consist_v and_o motus_fw-la maior_fw-la expellit_fw-la minorem_fw-la touch_v the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o valuation_n albeit_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o same_o be_v not_o much_o material_a in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n yet_o experience_n have_v show_v unto_o we_o that_o the_o contrary_n must_v be_v believe_v before_o their_o conceit_n and_o whereas_o they_o have_v make_v observation_n upon_o my_o former_a assertion_n to_o this_o purpose_n that_o spain_n hold_v the_o proportion_n of_o twelve_o to_o one_o and_o portugal_n hold_v but_o ten_o to_o one_o they_o do_v not_o mark_v the_o reason_n add_v thereunto_o which_o be_v that_o between_o those_o kingdom_n there_o be_v no_o commodity_n to_o establish_v any_o traffic_n so_o that_o exportation_n of_o silver_n for_o gold_n money_n permutation_n of_o money_n or_o gold_n for_o silver_n be_v but_o a_o permutation_n between_o they_o without_o any_o profit_n but_o england_n and_o other_o country_n afford_v mean_n to_o import_v abundance_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n and_o gold_n be_v with_o we_o in_o great_a estimation_n than_o heretofore_o be_v but_o of_o late_a year_n advance_v from_o eleven_o to_o twelve_o for_o one_o 1611._o an._n 1611._o that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o eleven_o ounce_n of_o silver_n to_o twelve_o ounce_n of_o silver_n for_o one_o ounce_n of_o gold_n be_v continual_o transport_v in_o return_n of_o the_o say_v foreign_a commodity_n the_o exchange_n not_o answer_v the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o gold_n so_o that_o now_o when_o our_o gold_n be_v yet_o more_o advance_v the_o silver_n be_v thereby_o more_o abate_v in_o price_n give_v 13_o â…•_n for_o one_o and_o therefore_o no_o marvel_n that_o gold_n be_v import_v unto_o we_o and_o silver_n be_v export_v there_o be_v a_o gain_n of_o above_o ten_o and_o twelve_o pro_fw-la cent_n and_o this_o loss_n of_o silver_n far_o exceed_v the_o gold_n in_o value_n because_o in_o quantity_n there_o be_v in_o the_o world_n 500_o of_o silver_n to_o one_o of_o gold_n extant_a silver_n be_v 500_o to_o one_o in_o quantity_n by_o weight_n extant_a and_o if_o any_o silver_n by_o accident_n be_v import_v it_o be_v export_v again_o for_o the_o east-indies_n and_o other_o place_n they_o give_v more_o for_o it_o than_o the_o price_n of_o our_o mint_n for_o gain_n be_v the_o commander_n of_o all_o the_o proportion_n use_v within_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n be_v as_o follow_v in_o the_o low-countries_n they_o do_v reckon_v two_o philip_n dollar_n for_o the_o emperor_n royal_a of_o gold_n whereby_o one_o mark_n of_o gold_n do_v countervail_v eleven_o mark_n of_o silver_n be_v eleven_o to_o one_o in_o the_o pound_n according_o in_o spain_n one_o mark_n of_o gold_n be_v value_v at_o 53_o ½_n pesos_n every_o peso_fw-mi 450_o maluedeis_fw-la and_o every_o mark_n of_o silver_n 2250_o maluedeis_fw-la make_v the_o mark_n of_o gold_n to_o be_v but_o 10_o â…”_n value_v by_o silver_n but_o the_o spanish_a pistolet_n of_o twenty_o two_o carrat_n fine_a to_o eleven_o royal_n be_v eleven_o of_o silver_n
have_v spend_v time_n labour_n and_o no_o small_a charge_n in_o hope_n that_o hereafter_o it_o may_v do_v good_a to_o the_o public_a house_n pawn_v house_n if_o some_o divine_a be_v move_v to_o further_a it_o the_o first_o be_v according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o amsterdam_n to_o which_o end_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o petition_n of_o honest_a and_o religious_a man_n his_o majesty_n subject_n be_v as_o follow_v first_o that_o authority_n be_v give_v to_o a._n b._n to_o erect_v pawne-house_n in_o all_o convenient_a place_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o the_o dominion_n of_o wales_n for_o and_o during_o the_o term_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o all_o person_n and_o person_n shall_v and_o may_v have_v at_o all_o convenient_a time_n money_n upon_o pawn_n of_o or_o upon_o all_o movable_a good_n chattel_n and_o lease_n or_o any_o thing_n which_o shall_v be_v agree_v upon_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o by_o the_o year_n that_o the_o undertaker_n may_v be_v authorise_v or_o licence_v to_o take_v for_o the_o attendance_n labour_n and_o pain_n recompense_n of_o officer_n and_o servant_n wage_n house-rent_n and_o all_o other_o charge_v incident_a thereunto_o as_o follow_v for_o register_n and_o keep_n of_o all_o pawn_n that_o do_v amount_v to_o fifty_o pound_n or_o more_o one_o farthing_n for_o every_o pound_n by_o the_o month_n for_o all_o pawn_n that_o do_v amount_v to_o ten_o pound_n or_o more_o until_o fifty_o pound_n for_o every_o pound_n one_o half_a penny_n by_o the_o month_n for_o all_o pawn_n that_o do_v not_o amount_v to_o ten_o pound_n for_o every_o pound_n one_o penny_n by_o the_o month_n for_o every_o bill_n give_v for_o pawn_n under_o ten_o pound_n one_o penny_n and_o be_v of_o ten_o pound_n or_o above_o whatsoever_o it_o come_v unto_o but_o two_o penny_n with_o such_o clause_n condition_n and_o caution_n as_o shall_v be_v requisite_a for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o say_a undertaker_n and_o agreeable_a with_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n pay_v unto_o the_o king_n majesty_n a_o reasonable_a sum_n of_o money_n yearly_a etc._n etc._n the_o say_v allowance_n be_v inferior_a to_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n his_o law_n and_o will_v be_v find_v very_o reasonable_a consider_v that_o by_o the_o toleration_n of_o usury_n politic_a man_n can_v deliver_v their_o money_n in_o very_a great_a sum_n at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o free_o and_o without_o such_o trouble_n chap._n xiii_o of_o mons_fw-la pietatis_fw-la or_o bank_n of_o charity_n the_o second_o mean_a to_o suppress_v the_o bite_a usury_n of_o extortion_n upon_o the_o common_a people_n be_v by_o provide_v a_o course_n that_o they_o may_v have_v money_n upon_o pawn_n without_o pay_v any_o interest_n or_o usury_n for_o the_o loan_n of_o it_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o bridge_n in_o flanders_n which_o be_v more_o please_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o universal_a as_o the_o pawn_n house_n be_v where_o great_a sum_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o accommodate_v merchant_n and_o all_o man_n to_o prevent_v the_o general_a abuse_n albeit_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o extortion_n upon_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n be_v more_o heinous_a and_o detestable_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o that_o take_v usury_n of_o the_o poor_a be_v more_o punish_v than_o he_o that_o do_v steal_v from_o the_o rich_a as_o be_v before_o declare_v in_o italy_n there_o be_v montes_n pietatis_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v mount_n or_o bank_n of_o charity_n place_n where_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v by_o legacy_n give_v for_o relief_n of_o the_o poor_a to_o borrow_v upon_o pawn_n and_o to_o pay_v only_o after_o three_o or_o four_o in_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o most_o to_o maintain_v the_o officer_n and_o to_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o such_o a_o erect_a mount_n for_o ever_o but_o the_o manner_n of_o bridge_n as_o aforesaid_a may_v be_v think_v more_o reasonable_a pay_v the_o officer_n out_o of_o the_o contribution_n which_o by_o their_o mean_n may_v be_v much_o increase_v according_a to_o the_o order_n which_o be_v hereafter_o declare_v usury_n money_n to_o be_v give_v to_o suppress_v usury_n for_o every_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o give_v for_o the_o suppression_n of_o intolerable_a and_o abominable_a usury_n the_o rich_a that_o be_v charitable_o dispose_v will_v give_v because_o usury_n politic_a shall_v not_o be_v bite_v the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n will_v be_v contributory_a because_o of_o the_o commodiousnes_n of_o it_o for_o who_o will_v not_o give_v six_o penny_n or_o twelve_o penny_n every_o quarter_n of_o the_o year_n when_o he_o may_v borrow_v a_o reasonable_a sum_n of_o money_n without_o pay_v any_o use_n for_o it_o for_o one_o year_n or_o a_o long_a time_n according_a to_o occasion_n i_o be_o sure_a of_o most_o man_n inclination_n by_o a_o attempt_n make_v of_o the_o practice_n hereof_o some_o year_n since_o for_o after_o the_o name_n take_v of_o above_o 1500_o person_n that_o be_v willing_a to_o contribute_v yearly_a and_o some_o divine_n and_o other_o that_o will_v lend_v free_o 50_o will_v 100_o will_v or_o more_o for_o some_o year_n and_o some_o 500_o will_v i_o make_v a_o alphabetical_a register_n of_o they_o which_o be_v deliver_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o great_a personage_n who_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o worthy_a of_o the_o honour_n thereof_o but_o to_o my_o remembrance_n it_o amount_v to_o some_o 2000_o will_v for_o money_n give_v and_o to_o be_v lend_v and_o above_o six_o hundred_o pound_n yearly_a during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o benefactor_n so_o that_o no_o man_n have_v cause_n to_o doubt_v of_o the_o collection_n of_o a_o great_a stock_n for_o so_o godly_a a_o work_n if_o authority_n be_v have_v when_o this_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o only_a hope_n and_o surmise_v thereof_o to_o the_o effect_v whereof_o i_o will_v be_v willing_a still_o to_o do_v my_o best_a endeavour_n now_o the_o order_n be_v as_o follow_v order_n to_o be_v observe_v for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o mount_n of_o charity_n consist_v of_o two_o house_n within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o the_o suburb_n thereof_o and_o one_o house_n at_o westminster_n where_o all_o man_n may_v borrow_v money_n in_o small_a sum_n without_o pay_v any_o use_n or_o loan_n for_o the_o same_o upon_o pawn_n to_o be_v deliver_v for_o caution_n or_o security_n of_o the_o say_a money_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o bridge_n in_o flanders_n and_o other_o country_n 1_o imprimis_fw-la that_o all_o man_n of_o what_o quality_n or_o condition_n soever_o they_o be_v be_v destitute_a of_o money_n shall_v have_v money_n at_o all_o convenient_a time_n without_o pay_v any_o use_n or_o loan_n for_o the_o same_o but_o deliver_v only_o a_o pawn_n of_o any_o movable_a thing_n so_o it_o be_v not_o above_o forty_o shilling_n at_o any_o one_o time_n until_o a_o competent_a stock_n be_v raise_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o say_a mount_n of_o charity_n for_o ever_o 2_o item_n whereas_o the_o say_a stock_n be_v raise_v and_o to_o be_v increase_v by_o mean_n of_o charitable_a and_o conscionable_a person_n which_o either_o do_v free_o lend_v money_n without_o take_v interest_n for_o the_o same_o or_o do_v free_o give_v in_o money_n and_o yearly_a contribution_n according_a to_o their_o virtuous_a disposition_n which_o money_n may_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n amount_v to_o a_o notable_a sum_n the_o treasurer_n general_a therefore_o shall_v be_v a_o man_n sufficient_a and_o of_o honest_a behaviour_n careful_a to_o appoint_v swear_v honest_a man_n upon_o surety_n to_o collect_v the_o say_v money_n and_o for_o keep_v of_o the_o pawn_n with_o their_o clerk_n and_o other_o attendant_n and_o the_o surueior_fw-fr of_o account_n shall_v be_v a_o man_n diligent_a and_o skilful_a in_o account_n all_o for_o the_o better_a encouragement_n of_o the_o say_v charitable_a giver_n and_o free_a lender_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o this_o charitable_a work_n 3_o item_n whereas_o the_o like_a house_n call_v saint_n george_n be_v heretofore_o erect_v at_o genova_n in_o italy_n by_o noble_a knight_n bind_v in_o honour_n to_o see_v the_o people_n relieve_v from_o oppression_n bite_v usury_n and_o extortion_n which_o by_o all_o virtuous_a knight_n be_v at_o all_o time_n approve_v and_o commend_v there_o shall_v be_v keep_v one_o pair_n of_o table_n in_o every_o house_n contain_v the_o name_n of_o such_o honourable_a person_n and_o virtuous_a knight_n '_o as_o shall_v be_v yearly_a contributaries_n by_o quarterly_a payment_n during_o their_o natural_a life_n or_o lend_v any_o sum_n of_o money_n gratis_o for_o a_o time_n together_o with_o the_o name_n of_o such_o well_o dispose_v person_n as_o by_o
to_o give_v twenty_o per_fw-la 100_o for_o the_o year_n and_o so_o from_o year_n to_o year_n and_o die_v the_o principal_a be_v they_o one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o eight_o life_n by_o equality_n decrease_v the_o penny_n 8_o be_v 12_o will_v 10_o ss_z for_o two_o life_n 11_o will_v 2_o ss_z for_o three_o life_n 10_o will_v for_o four_o life_n 9_o will_v 1_o ss_z 9_o penny_n be_v 6_o will_v 5_o ss_z for_o eight_o life_n the_o city_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v wont_a to_o give_v good_a consideration_n and_o do_v observe_v this_o order_n upon_o a_o hundred_o gelder_n for_n eight_o life_n give_v 16_o 13_o 4_o life_n observation_n of_o money_n deliver_v upon_o life_n of_o nine_o life_n 19_o 1_o 0_o upon_o ten_o life_n they_o give_v 22_o 4_o 5_o upon_o eleven_o life_n 26_o 13_o 4_o upon_o twelve_o life_n 33_o 6_o 8_o upon_o seven_o life_n 14_o 6_o 4_o upon_o six_o life_n 13_o 6_o 8_o here_o you_o be_v to_o remember_v the_o observation_n of_o assuror_n whether_o the_o person_n be_v young_a or_o old_a sober_a in_o their_o diet_n and_o behaviour_n much_o travel_v abroad_o or_o stay_v at_o home_n subject_a to_o sickness_n and_o the_o like_a consideration_n house_n rent_n upon_o house_n money_n deliver_v upon_o annuity_n for_o rent_n seem_v more_o reasonable_a than_o pension_n upon_o life_n because_o you_o bear_v only_o the_o adventure_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o house_n or_o destruction_n of_o they_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o much_o more_o shall_v be_v give_v without_o pawn_n than_o with_o pawn_n or_o mortgage_n it_o be_v commodious_a for_o a_o man_n have_v waste_a ground_n and_o intend_v to_o build_v upon_o they_o to_o take_v much_o money_n upon_o rent_n after_o 6_o ¼_n pro_fw-la cent_n which_o many_o city_n give_v continual_o to_o increase_v their_o wealth_n and_o inhabitant_n and_o because_o the_o valuation_n of_o their_o money_n do_v often_o alter_v and_o be_v enhance_v whereby_o all_o thing_n become_v dear_a specie_fw-la rent_n pay_v in_o specie_fw-la the_o party_n be_v advise_v to_o have_v their_o rent_n pay_v in_o specie_fw-la in_o crown_n dollar_n ducat_n to_o be_v pay_v as_o former_o they_o be_v currant_n the_o danger_n in_o time_n of_o war_n cause_v rent_n to_o decrease_v for_o the_o ancient_a rent_n be_v always_o first_o to_o be_v pay_v although_o all_o other_o be_v loser_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o denomination_n and_o division_n of_o money_n of_o diverse_a country_n the_o denomination_n division_n and_o subdivision_n of_o the_o money_n of_o all_o country_n be_v most_o necessary_a for_o merchant_n and_o all_o other_o to_o be_v know_v because_o without_o it_o they_o sail_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n without_o compass_n abandon_v at_o all_o uncertainty_n and_o danger_n to_o have_v true_a equality_n and_o equity_n observe_v in_o their_o buy_n and_o selling_n and_o that_o more_o especial_o if_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n be_v neglect_v as_o shall_v be_v declare_v hereafter_o some_o of_o these_o money_n be_v imaginary_a and_o some_o be_v substantial_a or_o real_a in_o specie_fw-la and_o yet_o not_o concur_v in_o price_n or_o value_n england_n england_n in_o england_n concern_v silver_n coin_n there_o be_v the_o crown_n of_o five_o shilling_n and_o the_o half_a crown_n of_o two_o shilling_n six_o penny_n the_o shilling_n the_o six_o penny_n the_o four_o penny_n or_o groat_n the_o three_o penny_n two_o penny_n three_o half_a penny_n the_o penny_n and_o half_a penny_n of_o sterling_a silver_n and_o the_o farthing_n of_o copper_n the_o ordinary_a golden_a coin_n be_v the_o unite_v piece_n of_o 22_o shilling_n the_o half_a of_o eleven_o shilling_n and_o the_o crown_n or_o quarter_n of_o five_o shilling_n six_o penny_n and_o the_o â…›_n part_v two_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n and_o the_o five_o piece_n coin_a at_o four_o shilling_n make_v twenty_o two_o shilling_n with_o the_o rose_n and_o the_o thistle_n the_o laureate_a king_n james_n of_o twenty_o two_o carrat_n fine_a of_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o the_o half_a piece_n scotland_n scotland_n in_o scotland_n be_v the_o cross_a dagger_n piece_n of_o eleven_o shilling_n and_o the_o half_a of_o it_o and_o their_o rider_n of_o ten_o shilling_n six_o penny_n and_o for_o their_o silver_n coin_v the_o mark_n piece_n value_v at_o 13_o penny_n ½_n in_o england_n and_o the_o half_a of_o the_o same_o as_o also_o six_o small_a piece_n of_o above_o two_o penny_n for_o the_o say_a mark_n ireland_n ireland_n in_o ireland_n where_o no_o mint_n have_v be_v since_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o of_o england_n the_o fifteen_o shilling_n sterling_a make_v twenty_o shilling_n irish_a and_o the_o silver_n harp_n of_o nine_o penny_n sterling_a be_v there_o currant_n for_o twelve_o penny_n and_o the_o moiety_n thereof_o according_o and_o the_o abovesaid_a gold_n coin_n be_v currant_n as_o in_o england_n or_o in_o sterling_a reduce_v into_o their_o irish_a money_n one_o three_o part_n more_o so_o that_o the_o twenty_o shilling_n piece_n of_o laureate_a king_n james_n be_v there_o four_o noble_n and_o all_o other_o division_n of_o it_o according_o so_o the_o english_a shilling_n be_v sixteen_o penny_n irish_a and_o the_o part_n of_o it_o according_o all_o other_o old_a irish_a coin_n be_v out_o of_o use_n and_o little_a quantity_n to_o be_v find_v of_o it_o in_o germany_n they_o make_v all_o their_o money_n by_o the_o account_n of_o batsen_n every_o bat_n four_o creutzer_n coin_v piece_n of_o three_o six_o germany_n germany_n and_o twelve_o creutzer_n so_o the_o ducat_n of_o hungary_n make_v 27_o batse_n the_o gold_n gelder_n eighteen_o batse_n the_o polish_v gelder_n or_o dolor_n fifteen_o batse_n teaston_n five_o batse_n the_o say_a gold_n gelder_n be_v value_n anno_fw-la 1520_o to_o be_v currant_n in_o holland_n for_o twenty_o eight_o stiver_n whereby_o their_o corn_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v which_o be_v erroneous_a and_o imaginary_a because_o there_o be_v no_o such_o piece_n in_o specie_fw-la so_o be_v the_o dolor_n and_o the_o silver_n gelder_n call_v gros_n or_o vnciales_n weigh_v a_o ounce_n the_o ancient_a roman_n call_v a_o ounce_n a_o gelder_n and_o the_o eight_o ounce_n make_v one_o mark_n and_o 12_o ounce_n or_o gelders_n be_v reckon_v for_o one_o pound_n and_o there_o be_v coin_a piece_n call_v nummi_fw-la dragmi_fw-la alius_fw-la grosleyn_n be_v the_o eight_o part_n of_o a_o dolor_n angelicy_n be_v the_o â…™_n of_o a_o dolor_n make_v three_o batse_n or_o twelve_o creutzer_n call_v schriekenborger_n the_o say_v angelici_fw-la be_v tribute_n peny_n which_o be_v allay_v and_o make_v worse_o do_v obtain_v the_o name_n of_o bat_n as_o it_o be_v seek_v of_o a_o benefit_n which_o since_o have_v be_v more_o embase_v and_o therefore_o deserve_v that_o name_n of_o batse_n they_o be_v call_v in_o thuringia_n gulielmi_n and_o in_o bohemia_n bohemici_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o say_a tribute_n whereof_o they_o have_v also_o 12_o piece_n divide_o for_o 12_o penny_n which_o penny_n be_v all_o germany_n over_o two_o heller_n by_o way_n of_o account_n the_o dolor_n be_v first_o make_v upon_o sixty_o and_o five_o creutzer_n which_o in_o those_o coin_n so_o embase_v be_v answer_v by_o 72_o creutzers_n and_o in_o othâ—â—_n city_n of_o germany_n they_o reckon_v as_o follow_v upon_o diverse_a coin_n 〈◊〉_d make_v and_o some_o imaginary_a at_o augusta_n they_o have_v small_a money_n gross_v of_o three_o batse_n augusta_n augusta_n lion_n piece_n whereof_o two_o make_v a_o creutzer_n the_o blackepennie_n four_o to_o one_o creutzer_n snubourgh_n blaphart_n or_o bohomicos_fw-la of_o three_o and_o 3_o ½_n creutzer_n the_o rycke_v dolor_n be_v thirty_o albes_fw-la of_o eight_o penny_n every_o albe_n or_o seventie_o and_o two_o creutzer_n for_o the_o say_a dolor_n at_o frankford_n they_o divide_v their_o florin_n of_o sixty_o creutzer_n frankford_n frankford_n by_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o every_o shilling_n in_o twelve_o heller_n according_a to_o the_o pound_n at_o norenbourgh_n in_o like_a manner_n and_o the_o creutzer_n be_v four_o penny_n norenborough_n norenborough_n every_o penny_n two_o heller_n and_o five_o penny_n call_v a_o fynfer_v or_o five_o pennick_n at_o strasborough_n they_o use_v blapharts_n gross_v strasborough_n strasborough_n bohemicos_fw-la of_o three_o creutzer_n every_o blaphart_n six_o penny_n of_o two_o heller_n or_o four_o ortlyn_n at_o bohemia_n as_o in_o germany_n and_o the_o bohemici_n bohemia_n bohemia_n be_v whitgrosse_v of_o three_o creutzer_n the_o doller_n be_v twenty_o four_o bohemicos_fw-la of_o twelve_o angster_n every_o bohemico_fw-la ten_o penny_n and_o one_o mark_n be_v forty_o bohemicos_fw-la and_o scoc_n be_v sixty_o bohemicos_fw-la vienna_n vienna_n at_o vienna_n the_o rycke_v doller_n be_v eight_o shilling_n and_o the_o ducat_n twelve_o shilling_n trioll_n trioll_n at_o trioll_n the_o doller_n at_o seventie_o two_o creutzer_n of_o five_o fynfer_v or_o heller_n the_o creutzer_n hungary_n hungary_n
a_o occasion_n to_o gather_v in_o his_o own_o debt_n soon_o in_o some_o place_n also_o they_o may_v not_o arrest_v upon_o the_o sabbath_n day_n and_o holiday_n to_o the_o end_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v deprive_v of_o divine_a service_n towards_o god_n and_o comfort_n of_o their_o soul_n the_o officer_n or_o sergeant_n may_v not_o arrest_v any_o man_n upon_o the_o burse_n or_o royal_a exchange_n although_o the_o party_n to_o be_v arrest_v shall_v yield_v thereunto_o and_o renounce_v the_o say_a privilege_n it_o be_v not_o many_o year_n since_o that_o a_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v upon_o the_o exchange_n at_o antuerp_n have_v notice_n give_v he_o that_o another_o merchant_n have_v give_v order_n that_o upon_o his_o go_v from_o the_o exchange_n he_o shall_v be_v arrest_v and_o that_o the_o officer_n do_v attend_v he_o be_v near_o at_o hand_n whereupon_o he_o perceive_v the_o say_a officer_n call_v he_o unto_o he_o and_o say_v he_o will_v obey_v the_o arrest_n which_o for_o the_o first_o time_n be_v but_o a_o adiourn_v or_o citation_n the_o officer_n do_v require_v a_o pledge_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o coin_n in_o token_n thereof_o as_o the_o manner_n be_v which_o he_o give_v he_o afterward_o this_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v otherwise_o advise_v by_o his_o friend_n do_v disclaim_v from_o that_o arrest_n because_o it_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o exchange_n and_o claim_v the_o say_a privilege_n insomuch_o that_o the_o magistrate_n and_o the_o learned_a advocate_n on_o both_o side_n do_v thereupon_o assemble_v in_o the_o town-house_n as_o it_o be_v the_o guild-hall_n and_o there_o the_o matter_n be_v debate_v and_o discuss_v at_o large_a according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o it_o be_v at_o last_o conclude_v and_o determine_v that_o the_o say_a arrest_n be_v void_a in_o law_n for_o the_o renunciation_n of_o a_o privilege_n by_o any_o particular_a privilege_n the_o renunciation_n of_o a_o privilege_n can_v abolish_v the_o privilege_n or_o many_o person_n can_v derogate_v or_o abrogate_v any_o custom_n or_o privilege_n not_o only_o in_o the_o general_a but_o also_o in_o the_o particular_a so_o that_o within_o twenty_o and_o four_o hour_n after_o he_o may_v have_v be_v arrest_v again_o but_o he_o be_v non_fw-la inventus_fw-la and_o upon_o this_o arrest_n he_o be_v to_o find_v caution_n to_o answer_v the_o law_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v for_o all_o privilege_a place_n as_o church_n chapel_n churchyard_n and_o other_o place_n of_o jurisdiction_n and_o diverse_a city_n and_o town_n do_v not_o permit_v any_o man_n to_o be_v arrest_v upon_o foreign_a plea_n for_o debt_n or_o contract_n make_v in_o other_o town_n place_n or_o country_n which_o be_v as_o place_n of_o refuge_n for_o some_o merchant_n as_o the_o town_n of_o middleborough_n in_o zealand_n refuge_n town_n of_o refuge_n and_o the_o town_n of_o dort_n in_o holland_n and_o other_o city_n and_o town_n in_o other_o country_n and_o most_o city_n and_o town_n where_o a_o nation_n or_o a_o society_n of_o merchant_n do_v agree_v to_o make_v their_o residence_n as_o the_o company_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n and_o other_o common_o the_o say_a city_n and_o town_n do_v exempt_v they_o from_o all_o litigious_a suit_n which_o happen_v between_o themselves_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o their_o governor_n or_o court_n master_n so_o as_o only_a controversy_n happen_v between_o they_o and_o stranger_n or_o inhabitant_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o determination_n of_o merchant_n difference_n they_o will_v also_o free_v they_o from_o all_o debt_n owe_v by_o king_n prince_n and_o state_n so_o that_o the_o subject_n good_n shall_v not_o be_v liable_a thereunto_o to_o the_o end_n that_o traffic_n be_v not_o interrupt_v the_o officer_n or_o sergeant_n which_o make_v these_o arrest_n be_v know_v by_o their_o habit_n habit_n officer_n know_v by_o their_o habit_n or_o by_o a_o rod_n to_o be_v see_v in_o their_o hand_n and_o may_v not_o by_o stealth_n come_v upon_o a_o man_n whereby_o many_o insolence_n be_v prevent_v and_o sergeant_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o be_v kill_v as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v with_o us._n and_o if_o they_o have_v not_o their_o habit_n or_o colour_n no_o man_n be_v to_o assist_v they_o if_o they_o be_v abuse_v and_o the_o rescue_v of_o a_o man_n then_o be_v no_o offence_n and_o howsoever_o if_o a_o man_n arrest_v or_o to_o be_v arrest_v do_v run_v away_o every_o man_n give_v he_o way_n as_o desirous_a to_o help_v he_o to_o keep_v he_o out_o of_o trouble_n account_v the_o arrest_v of_o a_o man_n to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o hangman_n office_n and_o nevertheless_o their_o hangman_n be_v see_v to_o be_v always_o in_o rich_a apparel_n and_o be_v repute_v as_o necessary_a member_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n whereas_o in_o england_n it_o be_v very_o contemptible_a and_o base_a return_v to_o speak_v again_o of_o attachment_n it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consideration_n with_o we_o not_o to_o admit_v any_o to_o be_v do_v either_o in_o london_n or_o any_o other_o city_n or_o town_n corporate_a specialty_n attachment_n to_o be_v grant_v upon_o specialty_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o london_n unless_o it_o be_v upon_o plain_a specialty_n and_o also_o with_o put_v in_o good_a surety_n for_o the_o cost_n for_o it_o be_v a_o very_a dangerous_a thing_n for_o merchant_n dwell_v beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o merchant_n which_o dwell_v in_o remote_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v their_o factor_n at_o london_n if_o they_o upon_o any_o surmise_n or_o pretence_n of_o debt_n shall_v make_v secret_o any_o attachment_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n of_o their_o master_n good_n either_o when_o they_o know_v their_o master_n to_o be_v dead_a or_o travel_v in_o some_o foreign_a country_n upon_o a_o long_a voyage_n as_o occasion_n may_v fall_v out_o and_o so_o by_o practice_n deceive_v they_o of_o their_o estate_n by_o plead_v afterward_o the_o say_a attachment_n or_o judgement_n have_v thereupon_o in_o bar_n as_o aforesaid_a chap._n xii_o of_o sequestration_n and_o execution_n the_o magistrate_n consider_v that_o abuse_n may_v be_v commit_v many_o way_n by_o attachment_n do_v common_o use_v sequestration_n of_o good_n by_o deliver_v they_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o three_o person_n or_o take_v of_o they_o into_o their_o own_o custody_n or_o power_n for_o by_o these_o mean_n also_o be_v many_o attachment_n prevent_v which_o man_n will_v do_v if_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o good_n or_o debt_n do_v come_v into_o their_o own_o power_n wherein_o they_o have_v a_o care_n not_o to_o feed_v the_o humour_n of_o contentious_a person_n which_o be_v mere_o contrary_a to_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o sentence_n wherein_o the_o life_n of_o the_o law_n do_v consist_v they_o do_v proceed_v gradatim_fw-la law_n execution_n be_v the_o life_n of_o the_o law_n and_o if_o any_o such_o sequestration_n be_v make_v unjust_o or_o without_o cause_n the_o civil_a law_n as_o also_o the_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n hereafter_o declare_v will_v give_v good_a cost_n and_o damage_n execution_n considerable_a execution_n in_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o say_a magistrate_n there_o be_v many_o persuasive_a mean_n use_v by_o they_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o debtor_n with_o the_o creditor_n to_o bring_v he_o to_o a_o composition_n if_o not_o than_o some_o officer_n be_v send_v to_o the_o party_n house_n to_o keep_v he_o as_o it_o be_v a_o prisoner_n to_o who_o he_o must_v give_v meat_n drink_n lodging_n and_o a_o daily_a fee_n according_a to_o the_o judge_n appointment_n and_o as_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v of_o moment_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o this_o pecuniary_a punishment_n he_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o pay_v or_o satisfy_v the_o creditor_n which_o be_v aggravate_v by_o send_v two_o officer_n at_o the_o first_o than_o two_o more_o and_o so_o six_o or_o eight_o of_o they_o to_o eat_v he_o out_o of_o house_n and_o home_n for_o these_o man_n will_v gnaw_v he_o to_o the_o very_a bone_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v clyvers_a or_o devourer_n but_o if_o the_o debtor_n will_v not_o endure_v this_o and_o do_v go_v wilful_o to_o prison_n than_o the_o creditor_n must_v find_v the_o debtor_n maintenance_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n who_o may_v if_o he_o will_v present_o put_v he_o to_o bread_n and_o water_n which_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o do_v but_o when_o it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o party_n have_v mean_n and_o will_v not_o satisfy_v his_o creditor_n who_o after_o the_o imprisonment_n of_o the_o person_n can_v come_v upon_o the_o good_n again_o according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n than_o he_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o arcta_fw-la custodia_fw-la with_o
bread_n and_o water_n for_o a_o time_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n but_o if_o the_o debtor_n be_v so_o poor_a and_o notwithstanding_o have_v such_o a_o cruel_a adversary_n that_o will_v make_v die_n of_o his_o bone_n that_o be_v say_v to_o have_v his_o debtor_n die_v in_o prison_n and_o to_o hang_v up_o a_o bale_n of_o dice_n for_o he_o in_o the_o crown_n office_n as_o be_v do_v by_o the_o officer_n in_o place_n or_o the_o gaoler_n then_o have_v the_o law_n beyond_o the_o sea_n provide_v some_o relief_n for_o this_o poor_a man_n for_o the_o custom_n be_v in_o germany_n france_n italy_n spain_n and_o the_o low_a country_n that_o no_o man_n be_v imprison_v for_o debt_n above_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n in_o which_o time_n the_o creditor_n have_v power_n to_o take_v seize_v and_o sell_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o debtor_n which_o be_v do_v or_o before_o the_o woman_n in_o most_o place_n may_v claim_v her_o dower_n for_o her_o relief_n &_o child_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v divide_v among_o the_o creditor_n as_o far_o as_o it_o will_v go_v and_o so_o the_o debtor_n be_v free_v from_o those_o debt_n for_o ever_o for_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n qui_fw-la vult_fw-la cedere_fw-la bonis_fw-la liberatus_fw-la est_fw-la a_o debito_fw-la if_o the_o debtor_n do_v relinquish_v his_o estate_n to_o the_o creditor_n he_o be_v free_a from_o the_o debt_n and_o all_o good_n fall_v to_o he_o afterward_o be_v his_o own_o but_o this_o man_n be_v ever_o after_o disable_v to_o come_v to_o any_o preferment_n and_o such_o a_o creditor_n as_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o will_v be_v hate_v and_o account_v worse_a than_o a_o jew_n or_o pagan_n for_o the_o manner_n of_o cedere_fw-la bonis_fw-la or_o to_o make_v session_n of_o good_n be_v very_o heinous_a bonis_fw-la the_o manner_n of_o cedere_fw-la bonis_fw-la and_o of_o wonderful_a disgrace_n so_o that_o most_o man_n will_v rather_o die_v in_o misery_n than_o to_o come_v unto_o it_o because_o it_o happen_v not_o once_o in_o twenty_o year_n yet_o be_v it_o far_o inferior_a to_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o pillory_n or_o the_o strike_n over_o the_o leg_n use_v in_o russia_n at_o the_o creditor_n instance_n whereby_o the_o debtor_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o the_o debt_n pay_v the_o party_n come_v before_o the_o town-house_n and_o stand_v upon_o a_o stone_n in_o the_o view_n of_o all_o the_o people_n and_o unloose_v his_o girdle_n he_o desire_v they_o and_o all_o the_o world_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o he_o have_v nothing_o leave_v he_o to_o pay_v his_o creditor_n and_o so_o renounce_v all_o what_o may_v be_v find_v to_o be_v his_o or_o what_o any_o manner_n of_o way_n he_o may_v pretend_v and_o in_o token_n thereof_o he_o may_v not_o wear_v his_o girdle_n any_o more_o nor_o be_v employ_v in_o any_o business_n as_o a_o live_a man_n yet_o afterward_o by_o some_o composition_n to_o be_v make_v with_o the_o creditor_n he_o may_v be_v restore_v by_o a_o declaration_n to_o be_v make_v by_o some_o officer_n upon_o the_o say_a stone_n and_o then_o he_o be_v permit_v to_o wear_v his_o girdle_n again_o in_o the_o say_a country_n no_o gentleman_n or_o man_n of_o quality_n may_v be_v imprison_v at_o all_o for_o debt_n his_o estate_n only_o be_v liable_a thereunto_o and_o yet_o with_o reservation_n of_o such_o necessary_a thing_n as_o honesty_n honour_n humanity_n and_o christianity_n do_v challenge_v namely_o the_o soldier_n person_n his_o arm_n his_o apparel_n bed_n and_o chamber_n convenient_o and_o necessary_o furnish_v which_o may_v not_o be_v take_v for_o debt_n and_o the_o like_a reservation_n be_v make_v to_o every_o other_o man_n of_o quality_n so_o that_o imprisonment_n of_o man_n body_n for_o debt_n according_a to_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o england_n be_v a_o great_a burden_n and_o bondage_n than_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o other_o christian_n or_o heathen_a country_n and_o for_o asmuch_o as_o the_o mischief_n and_o incovenience_n arise_v to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o imprison_n of_o man_n body_n for_o debt_n have_v be_v propound_v heretofore_o in_o parliament_n by_o a_o print_a remonstrance_n which_o like_o unto_o a_o pamphlet_n may_v be_v lose_v whereby_o good_a matter_n be_v many_o time_n put_v in_o oblivion_n i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o make_v a_o abstract_n thereof_o in_o the_o manner_n as_o the_o say_a reason_n be_v lay_v down_o to_o be_v insert_v in_o this_o book_n in_o hope_n of_o some_o relief_n unto_o decay_a merchant_n who_o estate_n may_v remain_v liable_a to_o answer_v their_o creditor_n without_o imprison_v of_o their_o body_n against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n the_o law_n of_o man_n the_o rule_n of_o justice_n the_o law_n of_o conscience_n and_o christian_n charity_n and_o against_o the_o practice_n of_o other_o country_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o final_o against_o the_o creditor_n own_o profit_n the_o law_n of_o god_n will_v and_o command_v every_o man_n to_o follow_v a_o vocation_n to_o do_v the_o honour_n god_n against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n duty_n and_o service_n owe_v to_o his_o prince_n and_o country_n and_o parent_n and_o to_o maintain_v his_o wife_n child_n and_o family_n and_o to_o instruct_v they_o in_o the_o fear_n of_o god_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o direct_o or_o indirect_o forbid_v the_o say_a christian_n duty_n in_o the_o perform_n thereof_o by_o a_o imprisonment_n be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n whereupon_o all_o humane_a law_n ought_v to_o be_v ground_v no_o law_n of_o god_n will_v or_o command_v imprisonment_n of_o man_n body_n for_o debt_n nor_o be_v it_o warrant_v by_o any_o example_n in_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o the_o efficient_a mean_n bring_v man_n into_o prison_n as_o usury_n be_v appear_v plain_o to_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n as_o have_v be_v note_v out_o of_o the_o old_a law_n neither_o have_v the_o law_n of_o the_o gospel_n a_o word_n of_o command_n or_o warrant_v for_o imprison_v a_o christian_n brother_n for_o debt_n 34.14_o exod._n 22.26_o deut._n 23.19_o levit._fw-la 25_o 35._o ezech._n 18_o 8._o jeremy_n 34.14_o but_o rather_o contain_v a_o command_n to_o relieve_v he_o if_o he_o be_v fall_v into_o decay_n to_o take_v care_n how_o and_o wherein_o he_o shall_v sleep_v to_o set_v he_o free_a at_o six_o year_n end_n and_o then_o to_o reward_v he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o man_n it_o be_v not_o so_o ab_fw-la initio_fw-la for_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n man_n against_o the_o law_n of_o man_n which_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a most_o eminent_a &_o most_o bind_a law_n no_o man_n may_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v for_o debt_n but_o the_o creditor_n be_v to_o take_v satisfaction_n upon_o the_o debtor_n estate_n of_o good_n &_o land_n according_a to_o magna_fw-la char._n 3._o h._n 3._o and_o 14._o ed._n 3._o although_o after_o accountant_n only_o be_v to_o be_v imprison_v until_o they_o pay_v which_o be_v make_v general_a against_o all_o debtor_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25._o ed._n 3._o cap._n 17._o yet_o prisoner_n in_o execution_n might_n and_o do_v follow_v their_o vocation_n and_o affair_n by_o bail_n mainprize_n or_o baston_n as_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o rich._n 2._o cap._n 12._o and_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o be_v prisoner_n tie_v up_o short_a to_o the_o writ_n of_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la or_o the_o king_n special_a mandate_n upon_o surmise_n corpus_fw-la habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la that_o the_o say_v debtor_n make_v secret_a estate_n in_o trust_n to_o defraud_v their_o creditor_n or_o be_v wilful_a and_o obstinate_a to_o pay_v they_o be_v able_a to_o answer_v these_o objection_n it_o be_v unjust_a to_o punish_v all_o promiscuous_o aswell_o frauder_n as_o non_fw-la frauder_n without_o and_o before_o any_o proof_n make_v yet_o if_o the_o fraud_n be_v prove_v or_o his_o ability_n and_o sufficiency_n either_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n to_o imprison_v his_o body_n because_o the_o law_n do_v give_v the_o estate_n fourthwith_o to_o the_o creditor_n whether_o the_o debtor_n will_v or_o no_o so_o it_o be_v still_o needless_a to_o imprison_v the_o body_n for_o twenty_o year_n imprisonment_n discount_v never_o a_o penny_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o yet_o the_o debtor_n have_v suffer_v more_o misery_n and_o punishment_n than_o a_o guilty_a traitor_n or_o rebel_n suffer_v for_o the_o high_a offence_n it_o be_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n and_o law_n of_o nature_n justice._n against_o the_o rule_n of_o justice._n that_o man_n equal_o free_v bear_v shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o common_a and_o equal_a liberty_n and_o be_v give_v into_o the_o power_n of_o another_o without_o criminal_a cause_n or_o guilt_n the_o debtor_n be_v either_o punish_v for_o guilt_n or_o cohersion_n if_o for_o guilt_n it_o be_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o
a_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o law_n which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v fruitless_a or_o make_v as_o it_o be_v say_v by_o some_o propter_fw-la terrorem_fw-la for_o prevention_n whereof_o it_o be_v very_o commendable_a to_o preserve_v this_o life_n of_o the_o law_n consist_v in_o execution_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o commissioner_n have_v be_v heretofore_o appoint_v to_o retain_v man_n in_o their_o duty_n as_o the_o nomophilats_n in_o greece_n the_o censuror_n among_o the_o roman_n the_o ephore_n at_o lacedaemon_n the_o areopagit_n at_o athens_n the_o visitor_n in_o spain_n duty_n commissioner_n to_o retain_v officer_n in_o their_o duty_n and_o the_o commissioner_n of_o troyle_n the_o bastort_v in_o edward_n the_o first_o his_o time_n for_o all_o humane_a action_n be_v so_o flexible_a to_o evil_n that_o they_o have_v need_n of_o a_o continual_a remembrancer_n to_o virtue_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a good_a if_o we_o will_v make_v a_o comparison_n between_o the_o execution_n of_o criminal_a cause_n and_o civil_a we_o shall_v in_o a_o manner_n find_v the_o same_o to_o be_v all_o one_o effectual_o for_o the_o general_a manner_n of_o death_n impose_v by_o the_o law_n be_v hang_v where_o in_o other_o country_n they_o have_v diverse_a manner_n of_o execution_n according_a as_o the_o fact_n be_v heinous_a murder_n be_v a_o great_a offence_n have_v in_o all_o age_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n but_o steal_v of_o good_n be_v always_o take_v to_o be_v much_o inferior_a because_o the_o law_n of_o god_n do_v not_o punish_v the_o same_o by_o death_n as_o be_v now_o use_v and_o yet_o a_o death_n by_o sudden_a execution_n be_v better_a than_o a_o linger_a death_n by_o famine_n imprisonment_n and_o other_o adversity_n before_o remember_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n royal_a to_o be_v merciful_a even_o when_o law_n have_v have_v her_o full_a course_n be_v to_o be_v see_v rather_o in_o cause_n civil_a than_o criminal_a and_o that_o in_o the_o relief_n of_o poor_a distress_a prisoner_n and_o other_o contrary_n justice_n and_o mercy_n in_o god_n be_v not_o contrary_n see_v the_o mercy_n of_o god_n who_o lieutenant_n they_o be_v on_o earth_n be_v above_o all_o his_o work_n which_o make_v i_o to_o remember_v a_o error_n of_o the_o common_a people_n which_o think_v the_o justice_n and_o mercy_n of_o god_n to_o be_v contrary_n for_o if_o they_o be_v they_o can_v not_o be_v in_o god_n because_o the_o godhead_n be_v but_o one_o and_o always_o like_o itself_o can_v admit_v contrary_n and_o contrary_n they_o can_v be_v be_v both_o virtue_n whereas_o no_o virtue_n be_v contrary_a to_o virtue_n but_o only_o opposite_a to_o vice_n so_o that_o respect_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o criminal_a cause_n when_o the_o law_n have_v determine_v death_n or_o punishment_n by_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n or_o banishment_n the_o king_n imitate_v god_n mercy_n do_v restore_v life_n freedom_n and_o liberty_n much_o more_o may_v the_o king_n do_v the_o same_o in_o civil_a cause_n when_o the_o law_n command_v imprisonment_n until_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v of_o the_o judgement_n give_v liberty_n and_o prolongation_n of_o time_n as_o have_v a_o interest_n in_o the_o person_n of_o his_o subject_n as_o we_o have_v observe_v i_o have_v herein_o be_v the_o more_o ample_a because_o it_o concern_v the_o life_n of_o many_o honest_a man_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xiii_o of_o denization_n and_o naturalisation_n of_o merchant_n the_o manner_n to_o make_v merchant_n stranger_n artificersâ—_n or_o handiecraft_n man_n to_o be_v denizen_n or_o naturalize_v be_v in_o time_n pass_v without_o any_o difference_n and_o they_o do_v enjoy_v the_o like_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n and_o be_v most_o common_o make_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n by_o his_o highness_n prerogative_n royal_a whereby_o they_o do_v enjoy_v all_o the_o freedom_n and_o immunity_n that_o natural_a subject_n do_v enjoy_v and_o be_v so_o repute_v and_o take_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n upon_o their_o oath_n make_v in_o chancery_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o the_o same_o be_v afterwards_o call_v in_o question_n upon_o the_o misdemeanour_n of_o some_o forgetful_a person_n and_o then_o denizen_n be_v make_v to_o pay_v custom_n to_o the_o king_n as_o stranger_n howbeit_o they_o may_v buy_v lease_n land_n and_o house_n as_o english_a bear_v subject_n and_o their_o child_n here_o bear_v shall_v be_v free_a and_o pay_v but_o english_a custom_n for_o good_n import_v and_o export_v and_o may_v become_v freeman_n of_o london_n and_o buy_v cloth_n in_o blackewell_n hall_n and_o all_o other_o market_n and_o transport_v the_o same_o where_o it_o please_v they_o albeit_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n have_v infringe_v the_o same_o distinguish_v naturalize_v distinguish_v nevertheless_o some_o privilege_n to_o pay_v english_a custom_n be_v grant_v to_o some_o particular_a merchant_n by_o the_o prince_n prerogative_n by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o these_o be_v name_v naturalize_v which_o may_v be_v place_v in_o office_n as_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o quorum_fw-la high_a sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n and_o other_o place_n of_o dignity_n and_o come_v to_o be_v make_v knight_n and_o barronet_n and_o some_o of_o they_o buy_v land_n and_o lease_n make_v great_a purchase_n marry_v their_o daughter_n unto_o diverse_a gentleman_n and_o other_o do_v also_o sell_v land_n again_o and_o buy_v other_o land_n which_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o land_n do_v require_v assurance_n to_o be_v make_v and_o therein_o some_o lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o by_o the_o law_n the_o say_a assurance_n be_v not_o of_o sufficient_a validity_n without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o then_o the_o act_n of_o naturalisation_n be_v make_v but_o the_o make_n of_o denizen_n be_v always_o continue_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n only_o and_o they_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n albeit_o they_o pay_v stranger_n custom_n employment_n denizen_n not_o subject_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n and_o diverse_a other_o charge_n which_o the_o native_a subject_n do_v not_o pay_v whereof_o merchant_n be_v to_o take_v notice_n no_o stranger_n which_o be_v a_o mechanical_a person_n be_v much_o incline_v to_o be_v a_o natural_a subject_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n because_o of_o the_o charge_n of_o it_o which_o may_v be_v about_o 30_o will_v albeit_o four_o or_o five_o person_n may_v join_v together_o by_o petition_n to_o the_o parliament_n and_o have_v one_o act_n for_o they_o all_o the_o form_n whereof_o be_v common_o as_o hereafter_o follow_v and_o here_o note_v that_o a_o merchant_n be_v in_o no_o danger_n if_o he_o be_v neither_o denizon_n nor_o naturalize_v but_o may_v deal_v traffic_n and_o negotiate_v at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o he_o may_v take_v no_o lease_n nor_o buy_v land_n in_o most_o humble_a manner_n beseech_v your_o most_o excellent_a majesty_n your_o humble_a and_o obedient_a orator_n i._n l._n of_o florence_n your_o majesty_n servant_n t._n m._n etc._n etc._n r._n b._n and_o m._n q._n that_o whereas_o the_o say_v i._o l._n the_o son_n of_o a._n l._n and_o l._n his_o wife_n stranger_n be_v bear_v at_o florence_n in_o italy_n in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o whereas_o etc._n etc._n and_o whereas_o m._n q._n be_v the_o son_n of_o m._n q._n and_o c._n his_o wife_n bear_v at_o bridge_n in_o flanders_n in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o lawful_a matrimony_n and_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n these_o twenty_o year_n remain_v and_o make_v his_o abode_n in_o london_n within_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n during_o which_o time_n he_o have_v demean_v himself_o faithful_o and_o dutiful_o towards_o your_o highness_n and_o your_o law_n yet_o for_o that_o both_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o majesty_n orator_n be_v bear_v in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n they_o can_v take_v benefit_n of_o your_o majesty_n law_n statute_n and_o custom_n of_o your_o highness_n realm_n of_o england_n as_o other_o your_o majesty_n subject_n bear_v within_o this_o realm_n to_o their_o great_a prejudice_n loss_n and_o hindrance_n it_o may_v therefore_o please_v your_o highness_n of_o your_o most_o noble_a and_o abundant_a grace_n that_o it_o may_v be_v ordain_v enact_v and_o establish_v by_o your_o highness_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o of_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o that_o your_o majesty_n most_o humble_a petitioner_n i._n l._n t._n m._n r._n b._n and_o m._n q._n and_o every_o of_o they_o shall_v from_o henceforth_o be_v adjudge_v repute_v and_o take_v to_o be_v your_o highness_n natural_a subject_n and_o as_o person_n
purpose_n as_o by_o the_o grant_n appear_v this_o licence_n they_o in_o short_a time_n pervert_v to_o the_o great_a disturbance_n of_o the_o ancient_a course_n of_o the_o staple_n whereby_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o realm_n great_o decline_v and_o the_o king_n custom_n decrease_v so_o that_o from_o 160_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a pay_v out_o of_o the_o staple_n the_o custom_n come_v short_a of_o 120_o thousand_o pound_n becket_n the_o fraternity_n of_o saint_n thomas_n of_o becket_n these_o new_a merchant_n term_v themselves_o the_o fraternity_n of_o saint_n thomas_n of_o becket_n be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o by_o direction_n under_o the_o great_a scale_n of_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o prohibit_v from_o do_v any_o act_n that_o may_v prejudice_n the_o staple_n and_o so_o it_o continue_v until_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o and_o then_o there_o be_v another_o great_a complaint_n in_o parliament_n against_o the_o say_a fraternity_n for_o decay_v of_o trade_n and_o a_o very_a strict_a law_n make_v against_o they_o with_o especial_a order_n that_o they_o shall_v admit_v any_o of_o the_o king_n liege_n people_n into_o their_o society_n pay_v unto_o they_o ten_o mark_n which_o under_o pretence_n of_o some_o privilege_n have_v be_v interrupt_v and_o especial_o by_o his_o majesty_n proclamation_n in_o the_o fifteen_o year_n of_o his_o highness_n happy_a reign_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o controversy_n for_o the_o dress_n and_o die_v of_o cloth_n nevertheless_o in_o all_o their_o grant_n exception_n be_v make_v that_o the_o stapler_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudice_v which_o in_o the_o wisdom_n of_o a_o parliament_n will_v be_v find_v most_o necessary_a to_o be_v unite_v again_o to_o make_v a_o free_a trade_n under_o government_n 8_o the_o exportation_n of_o the_o material_n for_o cloth_n as_o wool_n fuller_n earth_n woolfell_n and_o woodash_n be_v prohibit_v late_o by_o his_o majesty_n proclamation_n with_o good_a order_n for_o the_o execution_n thereof_o according_a as_o heretofore_o be_v do_v by_o the_o corrector_n of_o the_o staple_n for_o other_o commodity_n 9_o touch_v the_o war_n of_o christendom_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o have_v also_o great_a war_n in_o his_o time_n with_o france_n and_o in_o ireland_n and_o nevertheless_o he_o do_v receive_v a_o very_a great_a assistance_n by_o subsidy_n of_o fifty_o shilling_n upon_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n export_v for_o and_o during_o the_o time_n of_o six_o year_n which_o amount_v to_o 1500_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n when_o one_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v value_v but_o at_o twenty_o penny_n which_o will_v now_o amount_v to_o four_o million_o and_o a_o half_a 10_o and_o last_o the_o immoderate_a use_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v by_o the_o mayor_n and_o constable_n of_o the_o staple_n have_v in_o consideration_n for_o they_o have_v always_o a_o especial_a care_n to_o the_o enrich_n of_o the_o kingdom_n because_o the_o provident_a care_n of_o the_o king_n do_v put_v they_o in_o mind_n thereof_o insomuch_o that_o when_o the_o say_a king_n become_v forgetful_a therein_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o war_n and_o that_o the_o kingdom_n want_v chaffer_v ware_n and_o necessary_a provision_n the_o parliament_n do_v absolute_o deny_v to_o give_v he_o any_o subsidy_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o chronicle_n of_o grafton_n in_o the_o one_o and_o fifty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n so_o that_o by_o the_o premise_n thing_n have_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n consider_v of_o when_o least_o disorder_n in_o trade_n appear_v a_o conclusion_n to_o the_o judicious_a reader_n the_o trivial_a vice_n of_o envy_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o wickedness_n and_o account_v to_o sit_v in_o a_o imaginary_a theatre_n her_o palace_n be_v a_o dim_a and_o hollow_a vault_n wherein_o she_o wax_v pale_a and_o wan_a as_o have_v the_o consumption_n of_o the_o liver_n look_v a_o squint_a as_o bear_v under_o saturn_n never_o rest_v as_o though_o she_o be_v a_o arm_n of_o ixâ—ns_n wheel_n engender_v and_o hatch_v by_o the_o ugly_a megara_n of_o hell_n that_o feed_v and_o cram_v her_o gorge_n with_o dragon_n and_o foam_v out_o again_o deadly_a poison_n this_o unce_n have_v send_v forth_o triple_a head_a cerberus_n under_o the_o shadow_n of_o zoilus_n momus_n and_o mastix_fw-la satyy_n three_o envious_a satyy_n to_o perform_v her_o intend_a tragedy_n but_o zoylus_n remember_v that_o his_o rail_a commentary_n present_v by_o he_o to_o ptolemy_n king_n of_o egypt_n and_o his_o presumption_n to_o be_v better_o learn_v than_o homer_n do_v work_v his_o overthrow_n go_v by_o with_o silence_n and_o shake_v his_o head_n seem_v to_o be_v discontent_v and_o under_o hand_n he_o do_v instigate_v momus_n and_o mastix_fw-la to_o follow_v their_o envious_a humour_n whereupon_o momus_n with_o his_o carp_a eye_n dim_v with_o passion_n have_v cursory_o read_v over_o this_o book_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o be_v a_o great_a politician_n or_o statist_n and_o find_v fault_n that_o many_o thing_n therein_o contain_v which_o he_o term_v mystery_n shall_v be_v publish_v and_o make_v know_v especial_o such_o as_o may_v concern_v prince_n in_o their_o revenue_n or_o secret_n of_o their_o mint_n unto_o he_o therefore_o i_o frame_v this_o answer_n confess_v and_o avoid_v that_o true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o ancient_a monarchy_n empire_n and_o commonweal_n hold_v the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o revenue_n in_o such_o reverence_n and_o secret_a that_o none_o but_o the_o officer_n which_o have_v the_o manage_n thereof_o be_v make_v privy_a of_o they_o as_o be_v sacred_a thing_n not_o fit_v that_o the_o people_n shall_v take_v notice_n thereof_o which_o be_v true_o observe_v in_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o commonweal_n of_o the_o grecian_n but_o as_o time_n produce_v variety_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n do_v change_v breed_v corruption_n of_o law_n and_o custom_n so_o be_v it_o find_v that_o by_o this_o secrecy_n officer_n be_v both_o embolden_v and_o enable_v to_o deceive_v the_o prince_n thereby_o and_o the_o people_n will_v pretend_v ignorance_n to_o giâ—e_v unto_o they_o their_o due_n whereupon_o the_o senator_n of_o rome_n by_o mature_a deliberation_n do_v ordain_v that_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o revenue_n of_o their_o treasure_n and_o the_o dependence_n thereupon_o shall_v be_v publish_v and_o make_v know_v not_o only_o unto_o the_o people_n but_o unto_o stranger_n also_o which_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n cause_v to_o beobserue_v and_o other_o emperor_n succeed_v he_o as_o appeareth_z by_o the_o code_n and_o other_o book_n which_o the_o french_a king_n have_v imitate_v ever_o since_o willing_a and_o command_v that_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v know_v of_o every_o one_o yea_o even_o of_o the_o mere_a stranger_n of_o other_o country_n so_o that_o this_o objection_n be_v of_o small_a moment_n especial_o this_o book_n be_v moderate_a in_o the_o handle_n thereof_o now_o mastix_fw-la ride_v a_o false_a gallop_n on_o a_o hackney_n horse_n be_v full_o freight_v of_o conceit_n come_v to_o town_n and_o make_v two_o exception_n to_o the_o method_n and_o content_n of_o the_o book_n first_o he_o will_v not_o allow_v the_o term_n of_o art_n by_o divide_v of_o the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n next_o he_o will_v not_o have_v merchant_n secret_n lay_v open_a or_o their_o trade_n divulge_v to_o the_o first_o concern_v the_o be_v essence_n or_o existence_n of_o thing_n he_o will_v make_v no_o difference_n between_o natural_a thing_n and_o thing_n artificial_a and_o so_o there_o be_v but_o two_o essential_a part_n of_o materia_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la albeit_o that_o some_o philosopher_n have_v establish_v three_o beginning_n of_o natural_a thing_n matter_n form_n and_o deprivation_n the_o matter_n have_v no_o other_o office_n or_o function_n but_o the_o change_n from_o one_o form_n into_o another_o deprivation_n give_v a_o inclination_n thereunto_o for_o deprivation_n be_v a_o imperfection_n so_o conjoin_v to_o the_o matter_n that_o without_o she_o if_o she_o be_v separate_v nothing_o will_v be_v engender_v and_o therefore_o in_o heaven_n there_o be_v no_o deprivation_n and_o consequent_o no_o generation_n ne_o corruption_n the_o form_n therefore_o give_v perfection_n to_o the_o thing_n and_o be_v also_o and_o without_o her_o the_o matter_n be_v more_o imperfect_a than_o the_o eye_n be_v without_o the_o faculty_n of_o see_v or_o the_o ear_n without_o hear_v but_o in_o artificial_o the_o be_v have_v her_o part_n as_o traffic_n have_v three_o namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n so_o other_o thing_n may_v consist_v of_o more_o be_v or_o simples_n wherein_o the_o term_n of_o art_n be_v not_o exclude_v neither_o can_v they_o avoid_v mastix_fw-la his_fw-la envy_n to_o the_o second_o the_o whole_a content_n of_o this_o book_n manife_v to_o all_o judicious_a merchant_n how_o necessary_a the_o knowledge_n be_v of_o the_o matter_n therein_o contain_v to_o maintain_v equity_n and_o justice_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o particular_a secret_n of_o any_o merchant_n trade_n reveal_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o any_o man_n or_o nation_n in_o so_o much_o that_o they_o be_v much_o please_v with_o it_o as_o be_v desirous_a to_o advance_v the_o good_a and_o to_o banish_v the_o evil_a observe_v that_o virtue_n make_v a_o stranger_n grow_v natural_a in_o a_o strange_a country_n and_o the_o vicious_a become_v a_o mere_a stranger_n in_o his_o own_o native_a soil_n let_v virtue_n therefore_o enjoy_v her_o freedom_n and_o possess_v her_o privilege_n by_o the_o right_n of_o law_n and_o all_o the_o people_n shall_v flourish_v with_o equity_n justice_n shall_v maintain_v peace_n peace_n shall_v procure_v security_n security_n shall_v nourish_v wealth_n and_o wealth_n felicity_n no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v dismay_v at_o his_o small_a talent_n or_o to_o grudge_v at_o another_o great_a prosperity_n for_o without_o doubt_n nature_n have_v by_o her_o secret_a motion_n deny_v none_o some_o perfect_a quality_n to_o supply_v that_o want_n which_o in_o himself_o breed_v discontent_a or_o mislike_n for_o even_o as_o the_o fish_n have_v no_o ear_n have_v a_o most_o clear_a sight_n so_o though_o want_n of_o dignity_n be_v a_o disgrace_n to_o some_o though_o want_v of_o coin_n discontent_n diverse_a and_o though_o lack_v of_o wealth_n impair_v the_o credit_n of_o many_o yet_o nature_n have_v supply_v that_o outward_a ornament_n with_o such_o a_o internal_a reward_n as_o a_o loyal_a and_o love_a heart_n notwithstanding_o many_o hard_a measure_n will_v with_o constancy_n spend_v all_o his_o time_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v thereunto_o employ_v this_o work_n thus_o at_o length_n happy_o conclude_v and_o commend_v to_o the_o kind_a acceptation_n of_o all_o gentle_a and_o well_o dispose_v mind_n be_v not_o compile_v to_o please_v the_o vain_a appetite_n of_o some_o man_n according_a to_o their_o nice_a opinion_n but_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o judicial_a and_o affable_a judgement_n of_o this_o age_n to_o who_o i_o shall_v during_o the_o remainder_n of_o my_o day_n always_o be_v ready_a to_o supply_v any_o thing_n which_o in_o the_o next_o impression_n may_v be_v desire_v not_o doubt_v but_o they_o will_v measure_v it_o by_o the_o just_a desert_n and_o censure_v thereof_o as_o their_o own_o kind_a nature_n have_v ever_o be_v accustom_v soli_fw-la deo_fw-la gloria_fw-la finis_fw-la
matter_n little_a sensible_a here_o may_v microcosmos_n the_o little_a world_n man_n behold_v how_o little_a the_o great_a world_n be_v which_o be_v make_v for_o he_o as_o a_o tabernacle_n where_o he_o have_v no_o abide_v place_n but_o travel_v as_o a_o pilgrim_n towards_o the_o celestial_a habitation_n with_o a_o thankful_a mind_n and_o remembrance_n of_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n who_o have_v be_v mindful_a of_o the_o son_n of_o man_n and_o make_v he_o low_a than_o the_o angel_n to_o crown_v he_o with_o glory_n and_o worship_n psal._n 8._o thus_o much_o i_o think_v to_o demonstrate_v unto_o christian_a merchant_n touch_v the_o world_n before_o we_o entreat_v of_o the_o commodity_n whereby_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v by_o they_o and_o other_o nation_n maintain_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a verse_n currit_fw-la mercator_fw-la ad_fw-la indos_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o all_o country_n whereby_o commerce_n be_v mainetain_v genera_fw-la corporum_fw-la tria_fw-la sunt_fw-la genera_fw-la albeit_o that_o the_o aforesaid_a doctor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v declare_v that_o there_o be_v but_o three_o kind_n of_o body_n of_o thing_n namely_o 1_o quod_fw-la continetur_fw-la uno_fw-la spiritu_fw-la ut_fw-la homo_fw-la lapis_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v contain_v of_o one_o spirit_n as_o man_n and_o a_o stone_n or_o such_o like_a 2_o quod_fw-la ex_fw-la pluribus_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la coherentibus_fw-la constat_fw-la ut_fw-la edificium_fw-la navis_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o consist_v of_o many_o thing_n join_v together_o as_o a_o building_n a_o ship_n etc._n etc._n 3_o quod_fw-la ex_fw-la distantibus_fw-la constat_fw-la ut_fw-la corpora_fw-la uno_fw-la nomine_fw-la subiecta_fw-la veluti_fw-la populus_fw-la legio_fw-la grex_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o consist_v of_o distant_a thing_n as_o many_o body_n under_o one_o name_n a_o people_n a_o legion_n a_o flock_n and_o the_o like_a yet_o this_o definition_n be_v not_o complete_a concern_v the_o body_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n consist_v of_o body_n soul_n and_o spirit_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_v of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o aforesaid_a which_o be_v to_o be_v describe_v in_o order_n and_o because_o commodity_n like_v unto_o the_o body_n uphold_v the_o world_n at_o the_o first_o by_o way_n of_o commutation_n and_o barter_n of_o they_o according_a to_o necessity_n and_o usefulness_n therefore_o may_v it_o be_v think_v convenient_a to_o set_v down_o in_o this_o place_n the_o particular_a commodity_n of_o all_o country_n and_o of_o some_o of_o they_o their_o value_n and_o estimation_n by_o mean_n whereof_o traffic_n and_o trade_n be_v establish_v and_o maintain_v that_o thereupon_o we_o may_v proceed_v according_o very_o in_o the_o estate_n of_o innocency_n all_o thing_n be_v common_a but_o alas_o this_o community_n of_o thing_n endure_v but_o a_o while_n and_o now_o by_o reason_n of_o our_o natural_a corruption_n and_o proneness_n to_o wrong_v one_o another_o there_o be_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o propriety_n and_o several_a possession_n which_o be_v consonant_n to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n as_o well_o as_o found_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o man_n and_o consent_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v the_o voice_n of_o secondary_a nature_n this_o be_v my_o house_n this_o be_v my_o town_n and_o this_o be_v my_o servant_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o meum_fw-la &_o tuum_fw-la be_v distinguish_v the_o revocation_n of_o this_o communion_n of_o thing_n be_v the_o nerve_n and_o bond_n of_o humane_a society_n and_o the_o mother_n of_o labour_n and_o diligence_n who_o will_v till_o the_o ground_n if_o he_o hope_v not_o to_o taste_v of_o the_o crop_n of_o it_o sure_o all_o will_v be_v waste_n and_o desolate_a if_o man_n be_v to_o plant_v and_o build_v for_o every_o body_n that_o be_v nobody_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o strong_a will_v deprive_v other_o of_o the_o use_n of_o thing_n unless_o the_o law_n do_v interpose_v her_o authority_n which_o be_v two_o fold_n namely_o paterna_fw-la &_o politica_fw-la effect_v by_o the_o father_n of_o family_n and_o magistrate_n and_o herein_o be_v no_o other_o equality_n to_o be_v find_v concern_v thing_n but_o a_o mutual_a voluntary_a estimation_n of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o use_n and_o behoof_n of_o the_o say_a thing_n and_o the_o proverb_n be_v true_a that_o good_n hold_v in_o common_a be_v as_o it_o be_v no_o body_n good_n and_o not_o manure_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v whereupon_o plato_n in_o his_o second_o commonwealth_n upon_o better_a consideration_n do_v revoke_v his_o former_a opinion_n of_o the_o community_n of_o good_n and_o use_v to_o say_v that_o no_o man_n be_v a_o gainer_n but_o another_o become_v a_o loose_a which_o have_v a_o over_o great_a regard_n to_o the_o property_n of_o good_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o property_n of_o good_n all_o traffic_n will_v cease_v nevertheless_o the_o equality_n and_o equity_n in_o the_o course_n of_o commerce_n must_v be_v observe_v to_o avoid_v the_o overballance_a of_o commodity_n as_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n be_v mention_v which_o require_v a_o three_o consideration_n of_o a_o other_o kind_n of_o equality_n for_o as_o we_o have_v note_v with_o aristotle_n riches_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a the_o natural_a riches_n as_o land_n vine_n forest_n meadow_n and_o the_o like_a the_o artificial_a as_o money_n gold_n silver_n cloth_n and_o all_o other_o manufacture_n and_o household_n stuffe_n now_o as_o this_o artificial_a riches_n be_v proceed_v of_o the_o natural_a riches_n and_o that_o both_o these_o do_v receive_v their_o price_n and_o estimation_n by_o money_n so_o reason_n require_v a_o certain_a equality_n between_o they_o which_o we_o find_v to_o be_v defective_a which_o be_v concern_v the_o price_n of_o land_n to_o prove_v our_o assertion_n we_o can_v hardly_o make_v this_o inequality_n appear_v albeit_o we_o do_v find_v the_o want_n of_o the_o treasure_n transport_v from_o we_o into_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n for_o it_o befall_v unto_o we_o concern_v money_n and_o wealth_n as_o it_o do_v to_o a_o general_n of_o a_o camp_n of_o ten_o thousand_o suppose_v arm_v man_n whereof_o muster_n be_v take_v at_o several_a time_n and_o upon_o several_a day_n all_o of_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v arm_v because_o they_o lend_v their_o armour_n to_o each_o other_o whereas_o if_o they_o be_v all_o muster_v in_o a_o day_n and_o at_o one_o instant_a a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o will_v be_v find_v to_o want_v armour_n so_o the_o like_a want_n of_o money_n and_o wealth_n will_v be_v find_v if_o rich_a man_n be_v examine_v for_o their_o personal_a estate_n upon_o any_o urgent_a occasion_n and_o now_o let_v we_o examine_v the_o commodity_n of_o all_o country_n begin_v from_o the_o east_n and_o end_n in_o the_o west_n of_o the_o goodness_n and_o value_n of_o east_n india_n commodity_n the_o merchant_n trade_n for_o the_o east_n indies_n take_v beginning_n in_o england_n in_o the_o year_n 1600_o at_o which_o time_n spice_n and_o all_o other_o commodity_n be_v buy_v for_o the_o price_n hereafter_o declare_v translate_v out_o of_o the_o portugal_n tongue_n with_o my_o addition_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o goodness_n of_o those_o commodity_n clove_n clove_n clove_n grow_v in_o the_o land_n of_o molucco_n be_v clean_o of_o stalk_n by_o the_o portugal_n call_v fusty_n fuss_n fuss_n be_v sell_v for_o fifty_o pardaos_n the_o kintal_n or_o the_o 100_o weight_n of_o 112_o will_v correspondent_a with_o our_o london_n quintal_n or_o hundred_o account_v the_o pardao_n or_o ducatt_n at_o 5_o ss_z be_v about_o 27_o penny_n the_o pound_n there_o be_v another_o lean_a and_o dry_a sort_n of_o clove_n call_v cravo_n di_fw-it bastao_n which_o be_v sell_v for_o 25_o ducat_n which_o the_o portugall_n do_v mingle_v many_o time_n the_o difference_n be_v half_a in_o half_n in_o price_n and_o the_o pound_n at_o 13_o ½_n penny_n mace_n mace_n mace_n be_v of_o a_o fair_a colour_n and_o large_a which_o grow_v upon_o the_o nutmeg_n and_o be_v have_v also_o in_o the_o island_n of_o bantan_n be_v sell_v for_o 74_o ducat_n the_o hundred_o which_o be_v 40_o penny_n starling_n the_o pound_n nuttmeg_n nuttmeg_n nutmeg_n in_o the_o say_a place_n be_v sell_v for_o 15_o ducat_n be_v 75_o ss_z the_o hundred_o and_o the_o pound_n weight_n eight_o penny_n starling_n ginger_n ginger_n ginger_n be_v dry_a from_o calicout_n call_v belledin_n or_o ash_n colour_n ginger_n at_o 9_o ducat_n the_o hundred_o be_v 45_o ss_z and_o the_o pound_n at_o 5_o penny_n or_o thereabouts_o there_o be_v a_o inferior_a sort_n call_v mechino_n of_o six_o ducat_n the_o quintall_n ginger_n in_o conserve_v at_o 13_o ½_n ducat_n be_v about_o 7_o ½_n penny_n the_o pound_n cinnamon_n cinnamon_n cinnamon_n of_o zeilan_n grow_v in_o that_o island_n be_v sell_v at_o thirty_o
to_o be_v invective_n and_o pathetical_a against_o banker_n wherein_o they_o be_v not_o mistake_v commonweal_n bank_n be_v incompatible_a in_o commonweal_n for_o the_o use_n of_o bank_n unless_o they_o be_v countermine_v by_o other_o bank_n be_v not_o to_o be_v suffer_v in_o any_o well_o order_v commonwealth_n as_o time_n will_v manifest_v more_o and_o more_o the_o french_a king_n lewis_n the_o nine_o and_o philip_n the_o fair_a do_v with_o great_a cause_n confiscate_v the_o banker_n good_n and_o for_o the_o discovery_n of_o their_o debt_n order_v their_o subject_n to_o pay_v only_o the_o principal_a money_n into_o their_o treasury_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_fw-fr do_v the_o like_a and_o indict_v they_o as_o cousener_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n rep._n bodin_n de_fw-fr rep._n with_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a they_o have_v accumulate_v and_o get_v above_o two_o million_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n other_o which_z through_z envy_n malice_n or_o other_o passion_n have_v the_o eye_n of_o their_o judgement_n blind_v have_v censure_v my_o writing_n to_o be_v apologetical_a for_o the_o erection_n of_o a_o bank_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o restauration_n of_o the_o ancient_a office_n of_o the_o king_n exchanger_n which_o how_o absurd_a it_o be_v let_v the_o wise_a judge_n by_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o banker_n and_o a_o general_n exchanger_n exchange_n difference_n between_o banker_n and_o exchange_n the_o banker_n do_v draw_v unto_o he_o all_o the_o money_n of_o other_o man_n make_v his_o small_a stock_n to_o be_v infinite_a and_o the_o exchanger_n must_v with_o his_o own_o stock_n supply_v man_n occasion_n the_o banker_n do_v make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n with_o the_o correspondence_n of_o other_o bank_n elsewhere_o at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o most_o advantage_n the_o exchanger_n have_v no_o correspondence_n with_o other_o banker_n but_o with_o his_o factor_n and_o servant_n be_v limit_v to_o deal_v honest_o with_o all_o man_n but_o because_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o please_v man_n humour_n in_o the_o reformation_n of_o abuse_n which_o either_o for_o gain_v some_o will_v have_v to_o continue_v or_o other_o through_o ignorance_n do_v not_o understand_v therefore_o be_v there_o another_o mean_n propound_v as_o you_o see_v by_o this_o discourse_n now_o come_v to_o the_o feat_n of_o banker_n it_o be_v not_o since_o yeasterday_o that_o the_o same_o have_v be_v observe_v much_o less_o by_o i_o invent_v but_o in_o the_o year_n 1576_o the_o wise_a and_o famous_a council_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v examine_v by_o discreet_a person_n who_o do_v make_v report_n thereof_o albeit_o they_o miss_v of_o the_o remedy_n and_o they_o do_v distinguish_v the_o manner_n of_o exchange_n to_o be_v threefold_a viz._n for_o the_o banker_n private_a gain_n and_o benefit_n to_o lay_v their_o money_n with_o gain_n in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o any_o exchange_n lie_v to_o gain_v and_o wax_v rich_a and_o never_o meddle_v with_o any_o prince_n commodity_n to_o buy_v any_o prince_n commodity_n and_o never_o bring_v penny_n or_o pennieworth_n into_o the_o realm_n but_o do_v it_o with_o the_o subject_n money_n to_o grow_v rich_a and_o live_v without_o adventure_n at_o the_o sea_n or_o travail_n to_o do_v great_a feat_n have_v credit_n and_o yet_o to_o be_v nought_o worth_a to_o understand_v whether_o in_o conjecture_v their_o money_n employ_v on_o exchange_n or_o buy_v of_o ware_n will_v be_v more_o profit_n to_o know_v certain_o whether_o and_o what_o the_o merchant_n gain_n upon_o their_o ware_n they_o sell_v and_o buy_v to_o live_v and_o increase_v upon_o every_o prince_n subject_n that_o continual_o take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o whether_o they_o gain_v or_o no._n ☞_o to_o wind_n out_o every_o prince_n treasure_n out_o of_o his_o realm_n who_o subject_n bring_v in_o more_o ware_n than_o they_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n to_o make_v the_o staple_n of_o money_n run_v thither_o where_o the_o rich_a prince_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v bring_v and_o pay_v for_o it_o to_o unfurnish_v the_o poor_a prince_n of_o his_o provision_n of_o money_n that_o keep_v his_o ware_n upon_o interest_n money_n if_o the_o enemy_n will_v seek_v it_o to_o furnish_v their_o need_n of_o money_n that_o tarry_v the_o sell_n of_o their_o ware_n in_o any_o contract_n until_o they_o make_v they_o come_v to_o their_o price_n to_o take_v up_o money_n to_o engross_v any_o commodity_n either_o new_a come_v or_o whereof_o they_o have_v some_o store_n to_o bring_v the_o whole_a trade_n of_o that_o commodity_n into_o their_o own_o hand_n to_o sell_v both_o at_o their_o pleasure_n for_o the_o advance_v of_o one_o commonwealth_n above_o all_o other_o commonweal_n to_o hide_v their_o carry_v away_o of_o any_o prince_n money_n to_o fetch_v away_o any_o prince_n fine_a money_n with_o his_o own_o or_o any_o other_o prince_n base_a money_n to_o take_v up_o prince_n base_a money_n and_o to_o turn_v into_o his_o fine_a money_n and_o to_o pay_v the_o deliverer_n with_o his_o own_o and_o gain_v too_o to_o get_v upon_o credit_n into_o their_o hand_n for_o a_o time_n all_o the_o merchant_n money_n that_o will_v be_v deliver_v and_o pay_v they_o with_o their_o own_o and_o gain_v too_o ☞_o ☞_o to_o make_v the_o realm_n gain_v of_o all_o other_o realm_n who_o subject_n live_v most_o by_o their_o own_o commodity_n and_o sell_v yearly_a the_o overplus_n into_o the_o world_n and_o both_o occupy_v that_o increase_n yearly_a and_o also_o their_o old_a store_n of_o treasure_n upon_o exchange_n to_o undo_v realm_n and_o prince_n that_o look_v not_o to_o their_o commonwealth_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d when_o the_o merchant_n wealth_n in_o such_o and_o the_o great_a house_n of_o one_o country_n conspire_v together_o so_o to_o rule_v the_o exchange_n that_o when_o they_o will_v be_v deliverer_n they_o will_v receive_v in_o another_o place_n above_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o mint_n of_o the_o prince_n money_n deliver_v and_o when_o they_o will_v be_v taker_n they_o will_v pay_v the_o same_o in_o another_o place_n under_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o mint_n of_o the_o prince_n money_n take_v up_o to_o get_v ready_a money_n to_o buy_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v offer_v cheap_a to_o compass_v ready_a money_n to_o get_v any_o offer_a bargain_n out_o of_o another_o hand_n and_o so_o by_o outbid_v the_o other_o oftentimes_o to_o raise_v the_o ware_n for_o the_o destruction_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n to_o get_v a_o part_n and_o sometime_o all_o his_o gain_n that_o employ_v money_n take_v up_o by_o exchange_n in_o ware_n and_o so_o make_v other_o travel_v for_o their_o gain_n to_o keep_v prince_n for_o have_v any_o custom_n subsidy_n or_o tax_n upon_o their_o money_n as_o they_o employ_v it_o not_o to_o value_v just_o any_o ware_n they_o carry_v into_o any_o country_n by_o set_v they_o at_o that_o value_n as_o the_o money_n that_o buy_v they_o be_v then_o at_o by_o exchange_n in_o the_o country_n whither_o they_o be_v carry_v for_o the_o better_a explanation_n of_o the_o premise_n let_v we_o remember_v the_o description_n of_o a_o bank_n heretofore_o declare_v limit_v payment_n in_o bank_n limit_v and_o therein_o observe_v that_o great_a power_n and_o command_v which_o be_v give_v they_o by_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o incorporate_a money_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o exchange_n make_v it_o to_o become_v a_o merchandise_n and_o to_o over-rule_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n some_o man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v by_o a_o indifferent_a course_n because_o the_o banker_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o payment_n of_o exchange_n in_o the_o principal_a place_n as_o lion_n in_o france_n madrill_n and_o other_o place_n in_o spain_n florence_n and_o genoa_n in_o italy_n bizanson_n and_o other_o place_n elsewhere_o have_v a_o meeting_n and_o by_o certain_a ticket_n in_o write_v every_o man_n do_v deliver_v his_o opinion_n what_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n ought_v to_o be_v for_o all_o place_n then_o exchange_v for_o the_o next_o fair_a or_o time_n of_o payment_n and_o according_a to_o the_o same_o the_o calculation_n be_v cast_v up_o by_o the_o medium_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v medium_fw-la exchange_n cast_v up_o by_o the_o medium_fw-la if_o there_o be_v seven_o or_o more_o voice_n or_o ticket_n the_o say_v seven_o be_v add_v together_o and_o the_o seven_o part_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la if_o there_o be_v ten_o than_o the_o same_o be_v cast_v up_o the_o ten_o part_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la and_o so_o for_o great_a or_o lesser_a number_n according_o but_o these_o man_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o banker_n observation_n for_o they_o all_o know_v how_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n lie_v by_o exchange_n and_o they_o concur_v in_o make_v
the_o price_n for_o their_o advantage_n and_o so_o jump_v all_o to_o one_o end_n upon_o the_o imaginary_a money_n before_o declare_v which_o make_v the_o main_a ocean_n of_o exchange_n wherein_o the_o exchange_n of_o england_n be_v swallow_v up_o as_o a_o little_a river_n or_o branch_n of_o the_o same_o take_v still_o advantage_n upon_o our_o fine_a money_n and_o staple_n ware_n to_o glut_v we_o with_o their_o foreign_a commodity_n at_o dear_a rate_n and_o hence_o proceed_v the_o primum_fw-la mobile_a of_o exchange_n exchange_n primum_fw-la mobile_a of_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o inequality_n so_o much_o abuse_v from_o the_o true_a exchange_n of_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la and_o nevertheless_o admit_v to_o be_v high_a and_o low_a upon_o just_a occasion_n above_o the_o same_o as_o money_n be_v plentiful_a or_o scarce_o or_o the_o taker_n of_o it_o many_o or_o few_o to_o this_o purpose_n let_v we_o remember_v that_o about_o seventie_o year_n past_a between_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o low-countries_n many_o of_o their_o coin_n although_o much_o differ_v in_o standard_n do_v in_o the_o pound_n or_o mark_v weight_n and_o in_o the_o very_a piece_n and_o price_n answer_v the_o coin_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o do_v contain_v as_o much_o fine_a gold_n and_o silver_n as_o we_o par._n equal_a exchange_n or_o a_o true_a par._n and_o be_v also_o name_v and_o value_v according_o whereby_o twenty_o shilling_n here_o make_v also_o twenty_o shilling_n with_o they_o be_v a_o true_a par._n as_o for_o example_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ss_z  _fw-fr ss_z  _fw-fr 23_o car_n 3_o ½_n the_o angel_n at_o 10_o the_o emperor_n royal_a at_o 10_o 22_o car_n fine_a 22_o car_n the_o french_a crown_n 6_o the_o flemish_a crown_n 6_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ss_z  _fw-fr ss_z  _fw-fr 11_o ow_v 2_o penny_n weight_n ed._n crown_n of_o silver_n 5_o the_o philip_n dolor_n 5_o 10_o ounce_n fine_a english_a shilling_n 1_o flemish_n six_o stiver_n 1_o ten_o groat_n silver_n with_o the_o emperor_n florin_v four_o penny_n 3_o all_o these_o coin_n be_v not_o answer_v in_o standard_n for_o weight_n and_o fineness_n but_o be_v alter_v and_o enhance_v by_o valuation_n to_o double_a and_o more_o as_o you_o may_v find_v by_o the_o valuation_n heretofore_o declare_v by_o mean_n whereof_o inequality_n creep_v in_o by_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n wherein_o our_o merchant_n have_v follow_v the_o advice_n of_o other_o and_o lose_v the_o rule_n of_o exchange_n exchange_n england_n lose_v the_o rule_n of_o exchange_n and_o do_v observe_v to_o raise_v the_o price_n here_o when_o it_o be_v rise_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o we_o fall_v in_o price_n as_o they_o do_v fall_v and_o so_o the_o public_a measure_n of_o exchange_n between_o they_o and_o we_o be_v falsify_v and_o untrue_a whereby_o our_o commodity_n be_v sell_v and_o also_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v buy_v this_o may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o a_o similitude_n for_o concern_v the_o sale_n of_o our_o commodity_n we_o do_v as_o much_o in_o effect_n as_o if_o some_o draper_n do_v sell_v his_o cloth_n at_o a_o certain_a price_n the_o yard_n and_o suffer_v the_o buyer_n to_o measure_v out_o the_o same_o by_o the_o buyer_n own_o false_a yard_n or_o like_o a_o grocer_n that_o sell_v out_o his_o pepper_n by_o the_o pound_n at_o a_o price_n agree_v upon_o and_o be_v content_v that_o the_o buyer_n shall_v weigh_v it_o out_o by_o a_o weight_n which_o unknown_a unto_o he_o be_v false_a and_o so_o lose_v unaware_o or_o get_v less_o than_o he_o make_v account_n of_o because_o the_o fraud_n use_v in_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v unknown_a unto_o he_o even_o so_o be_v the_o cunning_a course_n of_o exchange_n unknown_a unto_o we_o and_o so_o be_v our_o money_n export_v and_o hinder_v to_o be_v import_v again_o *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o true_a reformation_n of_o exchange_n as_o of_o all_o thing_n and_o in_o all_o humane_a action_n the_o beginning_n progress_n continuance_n and_o termination_n or_o end_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v for_o the_o better_a judgement_n so_o by_o compare_v they_o often_o to_o their_o principle_n &_o original_n not_o only_o the_o disgression_n of_o it_o be_v make_v apparent_a but_o also_o the_o long_a continuance_n in_o the_o same_o estate_n be_v thereby_o procure_v to_o reduce_v they_o again_o to_o their_o first_o integrity_n and_o goodness_n for_o there_o be_v never_o any_o thing_n by_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n so_o well_o devise_v or_o so_o sure_o establish_v which_o in_o continuance_n of_o time_n have_v not_o be_v corrupt_v so_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v a_o merchandise_n require_v this_o consideration_n for_o the_o reduce_v thereof_o to_o his_o first_o principle_n and_o foundation_n which_o be_v the_o intrinsique_n value_n of_o coin_n of_o country_n and_o country_n according_a to_o weight_n and_o fineness_n albeit_o the_o price_n thereof_o in_o exchange_n do_v rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o scarcity_n or_o plenty_n of_o money_n proceed_v of_o the_o few_o or_o many_o deliverer_n and_o taker_n thereof_o in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n not_o by_o commodity_n only_o but_o also_o by_o exchange_n devise_v upon_o money_n in_o nature_n of_o merchandise_n herein_o be_v the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n so_o often_o name_v to_o be_v consider_v joint_o and_o divide_o for_o the_o good_a and_o welfare_n of_o commonweal_n etc._n the_o general_a benefit_n to_o be_v prefer_v etc._n etc._n and_o not_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o particular_a or_o few_o person_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o general_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o particular_a yet_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o the_o particular_a will_v breed_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n to_o the_o general_a whereby_o private_a person_n may_v reap_v a_o benefit_n to_o the_o hurt_n of_o a_o multitude_n or_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n in_o nature_n of_o some_o monopoly_n heretofore_o declare_v which_o may_v as_o well_o happen_v by_o ignorance_n as_o by_o premeditate_a practice_n for_o to_o speak_v ingenious_o merchant_n can_v enter_v into_o consideration_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n import_v at_o dear_a rate_n and_o the_o native_a commodity_n at_o lesser_a rate_n export_v respective_o of_o former_a time_n by_o the_o disportation_n whereof_o come_v a_o evident_a overballance_v of_o commodity_n merchant_n do_v not_o regard_v whether_o the_o money_n of_o a_o kingdom_n be_v underualued_a in_o exchange_n by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o foreign_a coin_n in_o other_o country_n whereby_o our_o money_n be_v export_v and_o foreign_a coin_n or_o bullion_n can_v be_v import_v but_o at_o a_o exceed_a loss_n last_o merchant_n do_v not_o know_v the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n and_o the_o proportion_n observe_v between_o gold_n and_o silver_n nor_o the_o several_a difference_n of_o standard_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n a_o matter_n so_o necessary_a for_o they_o to_o know_v to_o drive_v a_o profitable_a trade_n as_o by_o this_o book_n they_o may_v now_o understand_v for_o the_o common_a good_a prince_n and_o governor_n therefore_o be_v to_o direct_v they_o according_a to_o the_o law_n wherein_o the_o law-merchant_n must_v be_v the_o true_a guide_n and_o direct_a this_o direction_n must_v as_o well_o be_v establish_v upon_o the_o coin_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o upon_o the_o money_n of_o the_o kingdom_n because_o the_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v make_v by_o several_a coin_n upon_o the_o valuation_n make_v thereof_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n whereby_o sometime_o the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v not_o proportionable_o value_v according_a to_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n which_o be_v thereby_o divert_v also_o to_o be_v import_v unto_o we_o for_o example_n let_v we_o take_v the_o valuation_n aforesaid_a make_v in_o the_o unite_a province_n during_o the_o government_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n at_o which_o time_n the_o royal_a of_o eight_o be_v value_v at_o forty_o and_o two_o stiver_n and_o the_o rickx_n doller_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o also_o their_o own_o doller_n at_o forty_o and_o five_o stiver_n and_o the_o english_a shilling_n at_o twelve_o penny_n here_o be_v there_o value_v at_o ten_o stiver_n make_v twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a to_o be_v by_o exchange_n thirty_o three_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n as_o a_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n the_o like_a for_o hamborough_n at_o twenty_o four_o shilling_n and_o nine_o penny_n as_o have_v be_v note_v now_o five_o royal_n of_o eight_o which_o be_v at_o forty_o two_o stiver_n thirty_o five_o shilling_n be_v value_v at_o forty_o two_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o fifty_o one_o stiver_n and_o yet_o the_o exchange_n be_v take_v still_o at_o the_o say_a