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cold_a rarify_v and_o expand_v the_o air_n what_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v the_o natural_a state_n of_o it_o in_o reference_n to_o rarity_n and_o density_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o questionable_a what_o place_n be_v most_o fit_a to_o determine_v its_o natural_a state_n since_o the_o state_n of_o it_o be_v not_o only_o different_a in_o several_a country_n but_o in_o those_o place_n at_o different_a time_n and_o that_o the_o change_n as_o to_o the_o density_n or_o rarity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v very_o frequent_a appear_v by_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n gravity_n evident_a in_o the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n hereafter_o to_o be_v deliver_v air._n a_o force_a state_n the_o natural_a state_n of_o the_o air._n but_o further_o except_o the_o state_n of_o the_o air_n be_v say_v to_o be_v preternatural_a only_o in_o a_o relative_n sense_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o state_n it_o be_v in_o
it_o become_v very_o violent_a referentes_fw-la balbini_n hist_o bohem._n l._n 1._o c._n 9_o demontibus_fw-la &_o the_o valle_o lavezka_n p._n 29._o chanowsky_n in_o vestigio_fw-la boh._n piae_fw-la c._n ult_n montes_n parte_fw-la eltera_fw-la aestatem_fw-la altera_fw-la hicmem_fw-la referentes_fw-la de_fw-fr montibus_fw-la ad_fw-la bavariam_n stantibus_fw-la mira_fw-la est_fw-la alberti_fw-la chanowii_fw-la nostri_fw-la narratio_fw-la post_fw-la bergreichensteinam_fw-la oppidum_fw-la fodinis_fw-la hodieque_fw-la nobile_fw-la esse_fw-la montes_fw-la non_fw-la tam_fw-la situ_fw-la alii_fw-la enim_fw-la ad_fw-la septentrionem_fw-la alii_fw-la ad_fw-la meridiem_fw-la latus_fw-la obvertunt_fw-la quam_fw-la coelo_fw-la &_o temporibus_fw-la adversantes_fw-la vallibus_fw-la latissimis_fw-la montes_fw-la illos_fw-la dirimentibus_fw-la monstri_fw-la instar_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la se_fw-la vidisse_fw-la &_o anno_fw-la 1639._o in_fw-la rem_fw-la praesentem_fw-la venisse_fw-la religiosissimus_fw-la ille_fw-la &_o apostolicus_n vir_fw-la asserit_fw-la in_fw-la altero_fw-la monte_fw-fr saepius_fw-la aestatem_fw-la in_fw-la altero_fw-la apposito_fw-la hiemem_fw-la dominari_fw-la it_o a_o ille_fw-la succus_fw-la aestivat_fw-la hic_fw-la altissimis_fw-la nivibus_fw-la obsitus_fw-la à _fw-la viatore_fw-la superari_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la ob_fw-la eamque_fw-la causam_fw-la mess_n ipsae_fw-la variant_n &_o dumb_a in_o montibus_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la obversis_fw-la demessa_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la ibid._n id._n ibid._n altera_fw-la montium_fw-la parte_fw-la seges_fw-la virescit_fw-la mirius_n illud_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o biessinentibus_fw-la &_o czachroviensibus_fw-la agris_fw-la in_o tractu_fw-la plsnensi_fw-la contiguis_fw-la quos_fw-la unus_fw-la tantum_fw-la sulcus_fw-la dirimit_fw-la ac_fw-la dividit_fw-la deprehenditur_fw-la czachrovienses_fw-la adhuc_fw-la hibernant_a cum_fw-la in_o biessinensi_fw-la coelum_fw-la ardeat_fw-la ibi_fw-la caput_fw-la attollit_fw-la humo_fw-la frumentum_fw-la cum_fw-la czachrovii_n adolescit_fw-la in_o culmum_fw-la clemento_fw-la quoque_fw-la dispari_fw-la illud_fw-la riget_fw-la hoc_fw-la tepet_fw-la &_o ferveâ—_n eâque_fw-la ex_fw-la causâ_fw-la dum_fw-la czachrovienses_fw-la bene_fw-la pelliti_fw-la ingrediuntur_fw-la biessinenses_n pellibus_fw-la onerari_fw-la se_fw-la sentiunt_fw-la villosque_fw-la deponunt_fw-la aliquid_fw-la tale_n anno_fw-la 1652._o mihi_fw-la quoque_fw-la accidisse_fw-la memini_fw-la nam_fw-la cum_fw-la glacio_fw-la zambergam_fw-la in_o bohemia_n contenderem_fw-la &_o glacio_fw-la ob_fw-la nives_fw-la altissimas_fw-la certum_fw-la vehiculi_fw-la genus_fw-la quod_fw-la trahas_fw-la dicimus_fw-la sumpsissem_fw-la superatis_fw-la montibus_fw-la qui_fw-la comitatum_fw-la glacensem_fw-la à _fw-la bohemia_n dividunt_fw-la subitò_fw-la alia_fw-la rerum_fw-la facies_fw-la apparuit_fw-la altero_fw-la enim_fw-la montium_fw-la latere_fw-la viridia_fw-la omne_fw-la reperimus_fw-la sic_fw-la ut_fw-la trahae_n nulli_fw-la jam_fw-la rei_fw-la &_o usui_fw-la essent_fw-la &_o currum_fw-la petere_fw-la cogeremur_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o luto_fw-la natare_fw-la placuisset_fw-la at_o accolae_fw-la montium_fw-la illorum_fw-la quotannis_fw-la id_fw-la sibi_fw-la accidere_fw-la confirmabant_fw-la ut_fw-la unum_fw-la latus_fw-la montium_fw-la profundissimae_fw-la nives_fw-la contegerent_n quando_fw-la alterum_fw-la latus_fw-la lectissimos_fw-la flores_fw-la proferret_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la ibi_fw-la omne_fw-la ventis_fw-la verti_fw-la viderentur_fw-la apud_fw-la se_fw-la è_fw-la floribus_fw-la suavissimos_fw-la odores_fw-la efflari_fw-la i_o be_v tell_v by_o a_o gentleman_n who_o several_a time_n go_v down_o into_o the_o hungarian_a gold_n mine_n at_o cremonitz_n that_o when_o he_o be_v draw_v up_o the_o groove_n which_o be_v about_o 100_o foot_n deep_a as_o soon_o as_o he_o ascend_v half_o the_o way_n he_o perceive_v the_o air_n sensible_o warm_a which_o continue_v several_a foot_n near_o the_o day_n in_o which_o region_n he_o observe_v several_a vein_n of_o native_a vitriol_n of_o different_a colour_n which_o be_v soft_a under_o ground_n and_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n present_o harden_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o mariner_n i_o be_o tell_v hang_v up_o their_o bottle_n of_o liquor_n in_o a_o linen_n cloth_n that_o the_o wind_n may_v blow_v upon_o it_o by_o which_o mean_v it_o will_v be_v cool_v enough_o to_o make_v it_o fit_a for_o drink_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v so_o violent_a in_o some_o part_n of_o moscovy_n norway_n and_o especial_o at_o mozambique_n that_o it_o often_o set_v the_o very_a house_n on_o fire_n which_o i_o the_o less_o wonder_n at_o in_o the_o latter_a place_n because_o they_o build_v their_o house_n with_o a_o stone_n that_o abound_v with_o sulphur_n viu._n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o zenith_n the_o sandy_a ground_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o they_o can_v scarce_o endure_v to_o tread_v on_o it_o vn_fw-fr gentilhomme_fw-fr de_fw-fr mes_fw-fr s_n plein_fw-fr de_fw-fr merit_n &_o digne_fw-fr de_fw-fr creance_n i_o man_v entre_fw-fr plusieures_fw-fr choses_fw-fr extraordinaires_fw-fr qu'il_fw-fr a_fw-fr obseruées_fw-fr proche_n de_fw-fr barege_fw-la aux_fw-fr pyrenées_n qu'il_fw-fr y_fw-fr a_fw-fr des_fw-fr pont_n de_fw-fr niege_n d'un_fw-fr rocher_n à _fw-fr lautre_fw-fr pardessous_fw-fr les_fw-fr quell_v passent_fw-la des_fw-fr torrent_n il_fw-fr en_fw-fr a_fw-fr vu_fw-fr un_fw-fr qui_fw-fr embrace_v deux_fw-fr torrent_n &_o qui_fw-la a_o vint_fw-fr neuf_fw-fr toise_n de_fw-fr long_a &_o autant_fw-fr de_fw-fr large_a par_fw-fr dessus_fw-fr il_fw-fr y_fw-fr a_fw-fr par_fw-fr dessous_fw-fr ce_fw-fr pont_n neuf_fw-fr toise_n &_o demie_fw-fr entre_fw-fr les_fw-fr naissance_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr voute_fw-fr les_fw-fr pont_n sont_fw-fr tellement_fw-fr fort_n qu'_fw-fr il_fw-fr estime_fw-fr que_fw-fr du_fw-fr canon_n y_fw-fr passeroit_fw-fr &_o il_fw-mi a_o fait_fw-fr rouler_n de_fw-fr gross_v piece_n par_fw-fr dessus_fw-fr le_fw-fr tremblement_n de_fw-fr terre_fw-fr que_fw-fr souffrit_fw-fr la_fw-fr syrie_n l'an_n 750._o ne_fw-fr fut_fw-fr gueres_fw-la moins_fw-fr surprenant_fw-fr puisque_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr s'estant_n ouverte_fw-fr de_fw-fr toutes_fw-fr part_n plusieurs_fw-fr villis_fw-la furent_fw-fr abîmèes_fw-la d'autres_fw-fr renversées_fw-fr &_o quelques_fw-fr unes_fw-fr qui_fw-fr estoient_fw-fr eleuées_fw-fr sur_fw-fr des_fw-fr hauteure_n transportées_fw-fr dans_fw-fr des_fw-fr plain_n eloignées_fw-fr de_fw-fr six_o mille_fw-la de_fw-fr leur_fw-fr situation_n on_o en_fw-fr peut_fw-fr dire_fw-fr autant_fw-fr du_fw-fr froid_fw-fr extreme_a qui_fw-fr l'an_n 753._o glaça_v le_fw-fr pont-euxin_n a_o la_fw-fr longueur_fw-fr de_fw-fr cent_n mille_fw-la &_o toute_fw-fr l'estendue_a de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_fw-fr voisine_n jusq_fw-la '_o à _fw-fr 30_o condées_fw-fr de_fw-fr profondeur_fw-fr quoy_fw-fr qu'on_n ne_fw-fr fût_fw-fr encore_fw-fr qu'au_fw-fr commencement_n de_fw-fr l'automne_n journal_n de_fw-fr scavans_n iii_o 1685._o it_o be_v the_o custom_n at_o guinea_n to_o cool_v their_o water_n by_o bury_v it_o all_o night_n under_o ground_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v so_o excessive_a cold_a that_o in_o the_o wood_n it_o will_v freeze_v our_o eyelid_n the_o outside_n of_o the_o house_n will_v be_v half_o cover_v with_o snow_n and_o icicles_a will_v hang_v on_o the_o inside_n the_o clothes_n on_o our_o bed_n will_v be_v cover_v with_o a_o hoar_a frost_n and_o water_n which_o stand_v near_o the_o fire_n will_v have_v one_o side_n hot_a and_o the_o other_o freeze_v the_o sea_n will_v be_v freeze_v up_o till_o the_o beginning_n of_o june_n and_o the_o ground_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o july_n capt._n james_n i_o be_v tell_v by_o one_o who_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o picinino_n de_fw-fr medi_fw-la a_o pyrenean_n mountain_n that_o though_o the_o north_n side_n be_v coveree_v with_o snow_n yet_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sunshine_n can_v scarce_o be_v endure_v on_o the_o south_n side_n this_o hill_n be_v so_o high_a that_o it_o may_v be_v see_v from_o montauban_n 27_o league_n distant_a a_o ingenious_a physician_n tell_v i_o that_o though_o jalap_v at_o tangier_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o powder_n yet_o at_o morocco_n it_o be_v so_o melt_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n as_o to_o become_v incapable_a of_o be_v powder_v nell_n capo_fw-la di_fw-it comorino_fw-it si_fw-la termina_fw-la cosi_fw-la in_o esta_fw-es come_v in_o inverno_fw-la dalla_fw-la parte_fw-la di_fw-it la_fw-fr dal_n capo_fw-la verso_fw-it notte_fw-it &_o dal'altra_fw-la parte_fw-la correspond_v illi_fw-la â—â—mpo_fw-la assai_fw-la contrario_fw-la è_fw-it eiverso_fw-it di_fw-it maniera_fw-fr che_fw-it chi_fw-mi va_fw-fr navigando_fw-la per_fw-la quella_fw-it costae_fw-la nel_fw-it mese_fw-it di_fw-it ottobre_n sino_fw-la ad_fw-la aprile_a naviga_fw-la nel_fw-it esta_fw-es è_fw-gr non_fw-it pvo_fw-it in_fw-it tutto_fw-mi questo_fw-la tempo_fw-la passare_fw-la il_fw-fr capo_fw-la per_fw-la esser_fw-it ivi_fw-la la_fw-it stagione_fw-la del_fw-it inverno_fw-it &_o il_fw-fr puere_fw-fr i_o resiede_n nelle_fw-it chies_n ch'_fw-it appartengono_fw-it all_o capo_n di_fw-fr comorino_n ne_fw-fr alcune_fw-fr la_fw-fr state_n il_fw-it che_fw-it e_fw-it cosa_fw-mi di_fw-it grand_fw-mi meraviglia_fw-it essendo_fw-la cio_o nel_fw-it medessimo_fw-la tempo_fw-it nella_fw-it distanza_n sola_fw-la ment_fw-la di_fw-it due_n o_o three_fw-mi miglia_fw-it a_o eminent_a virtuoso_fw-la descend_v into_o a_o mine_n in_o tirol_n 1800_o foot_n deep_a without_o take_v notice_n of_o any_o hot_a region_n by_o the_o way_n and_o at_o the_o bottom_n the_o air_n be_v so_o temperate_a that_o notwithstanding_o what_o be_v say_v of_o antiperistasis_n no_o intense_a cold_a be_v retreat_v thither_o to_o shun_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o superior_a air._n one_o that_o descend_v into_o several_a mine_n in_o england_n
snow_n to_o discover_v what_o liquor_n ice_n will_v be_v soon_o dissolve_v in_o we_o contrive_v to_o freeze_v water_n in_o a_o long_o cylinder_n which_o be_v loosen_v by_o apply_v a_o warm_a hand_n we_o divide_v some_o into_o piece_n ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o other_o into_o inch_n and_o our_o experiment_n be_v make_v with_o these_o cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n in_o the_o first_o trial_n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n a_o cylindrical_a piece_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o length_n last_v 5_o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 12_o minute_n 3._o in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la 12_o ½_n 4._o in_o water_n 12_o minute_n 5._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n about_o 44_o minute_n 6._o in_o air_n 64_o minute_n the_o second_o trial_n 1._o in_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n a_o inch_n of_o cylindrical_a ice_n last_v undissolve_v 3_o minute_n 2._o in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n 13_o minute_n 3._o in_o water_n 26_o minute_n 4._o in_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n 47_o minute_n 5._o in_o salad-oil_n 52_o minute_n 6._o in_o air_n 152_o minute_n 2._o we_o likewise_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o try_v what_o difference_n there_o will_v be_v in_o the_o duration_n of_o piece_n of_o ice_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n and_o figure_n but_o of_o different_a liquor_n as_o also_o whether_o attrition_n will_v contribute_v to_o the_o dissolution_n of_o ice_n which_o iobserved_a it_o do_v whence_o it_o appear_v that_o as_o the_o agent_n contiguous_a to_o ice_n be_v different_a they_o dissolve_v its_o texture_n soon_o or_o late_a and_o if_o snow_n or_o ice_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n where_o neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o the_o air_n have_v much_o influence_n upon_o it_o it_o will_v continue_v a_o long_a time_n a_o appendix_n to_o the_o xvi_o title_n 1._o in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o be_v say_v in_o the_o close_a of_o this_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o the_o italian_a conservatory_n send_v i_o by_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n j._n evelyn_n the_o snow-pit_n in_o italy_n etc._n etc._n be_v sink_v in_o the_o most_o solitary_a and_o cool_v place_n common_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o some_o mountain_n or_o elevate_a ground_n which_o may_v best_o protect_v they_o from_o the_o meridional_a or_o occidental_a sun_n 25_o foot_n wide_a at_o the_o orifice_n and_o about_o 50_o deep_a be_v esteem_v a_o competent_a proportion_n and_o though_o this_o be_v excavate_v in_o a_o conical_a form_n yet_o it_o be_v make_v flat_a at_o the_o bottom_n or_o point_n the_o side_n of_o the_o pit_n be_v so_o joyce_v that_o board_n may_v be_v nail_v upon_o they_o very_o close_o joint_v about_o a_o yard_n from_o the_o bottom_n be_v fix_v a_o strong_a frame_n or_o tresle_n upon_o which_o lie_v a_o wooden_a grate_n the_o top_n or_o cover_n be_v double_a thatch_a with_o reed_n or_o straw_n upon_o a_o copped_a frame_n or_o roof_n in_o one_o of_o the_o side_n whereof_o be_v a_o narrow_a door-case_n hip_v on_o like_o the_o top_n of_o the_o dormer_n and_o thatch_a to_o conserve_v snow_n they_o lay_v clean_a straw_n upon_o the_o grate_n or_o wattle_v so_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o snow_n from_o run_v through_o whilst_o they_o beat_v it_o to_o a_o hard_a cake_n of_o a_o icy_a consistence_n which_o be_v near_o one_o foot_n thick_a upon_o this_o they_o make_v a_o layer_n of_o straw_n and_o then_o snow_n and_o straw_n again_o and_o continue_v s.s.s._n till_o the_o pit_n be_v full_a and_o then_o lay_v straw_n or_o reed_n upon_o all_o they_o keep_v the_o door_n lock_v this_o grate_n be_v so_o contrive_v that_o the_o snow_n melt_v by_o any_o accident_n in_o lay_v or_o extraordinary_a season_n of_o wether_n it_o may_v drain_v away_o from_o the_o mass_n and_o sink_v without_o stagnate_n upon_o it_o which_o will_v accelerate_v the_o dissolution_n and_o therefore_o the_o bottom_n be_v but_o very_o slight_o steen_v etc._n etc._n 2._o and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o the_o dutchman_n in_o their_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n that_o in_o june_n the_o sun_n be_v not_o powerful_a enough_o to_o melt_v snow_n and_o even_o in_o warm_a climate_n where_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a snow_n continue_v unthaw_v all_o summer_n as_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o alps_o and_o other_o high_a mountain_n and_o capt._n james_n observe_v that_o in_o august_n ice_n that_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n continue_v unmelted_a 8_o day_n or_o more_o and_o the_o same_o author_n observe_v that_o the_o very_a ground_n be_v freeze_v in_o june_n title_n xvii_o consideration_n and_o experiment_n concern_v the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la of_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 1._o tho_o several_a sect_n of_o philosopher_n have_v dispute_v about_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la some_o contend_v for_o earth_n other_o water_n other_o air_n and_o another_o sect_n for_o nitre_n yet_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o which_o that_o quality_n principal_o reside_v and_o from_o whence_o all_o other_o body_n derive_v they_o no_o more_o than_o that_o there_o be_v a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o principle_n subject_a of_o residence_n for_o any_o other_o quality_n for_o if_o a_o intense_a degree_n of_o motion_n among_o the_o minute_n part_v of_o a_o body_n be_v sufficient_a to_o give_v it_o the_o quality_n of_o heat_n it_o may_v be_v enough_o to_o render_v a_o body_n cold_a that_o that_o motion_n be_v diminish_v upon_o a_o removal_n of_o its_o cause_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o cold_a be_v a_o positive_a or_o a_o privative_a quality_n frigidum_fw-la the_o earth_n not_o the_o primum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la 2._o indeed_o plutarch_n suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la but_o we_o daily_o see_v that_o it_o be_v freeze_v by_o the_o contiguous_a air_n communicate_v cold_a to_o it_o and_z by_o the_o interposition_n of_o another_o body_n may_v easy_o be_v preserve_v from_o that_o so_o the_o salt-works_a upon_o the_o marsh_n of_o the_o island_n xaintonge_n in_o france_n be_v preserve_v from_o the_o damage_n the_o frost_n will_v do_v they_o by_o let_v in_o water_n by_o sluice_n to_o overflow_v they_o beside_o be_v the_o earth_n the_o summum_fw-la frigidum_fw-la it_o may_v just_o be_v wonder_v why_o it_o congeal_v not_o the_o water_n contiguous_a to_o it_o soon_o than_o hail_v or_o snow_n in_o the_o air_n since_o terrene_a part_n of_o matter_n can_v be_v bring_v thither_o without_o some_o cause_n able_a to_o elevate_v they_o and_o perhaps_o to_o alter_v the_o quality_n of_o they_o not_o to_o mention_v those_o vulcano_n which_v argue_v the_o earth_n to_o abound_v with_o subterraneal_a fire_n and_o that_o in_o several_a place_n where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o vulcano_n as_o in_o deep_a mine_n those_o that_o work_v there_o find_v it_o very_o hot_a and_o troublesome_a and_o in_o deep_a well_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v freeze_v that_o it_o come_v up_o reak_a hot_a which_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n since_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr clave_n livre_fw-fr 11._o chap._n 8._o that_o in_o the_o southern_a country_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n penetrate_v not_o above_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o subterraneal_a part_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v extreme_o cold_a that_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o miner_n that_o the_o low_a they_o dig_v the_o more_o vapour_n exhalation_n and_o heat_v they_o find_v and_o jo._n baptista_n morinus_n witness_n that_o in_o mine_n in_o hungary_n four_o hundred_o fathom_n deep_a after_o the_o descent_n of_o 80_o fathom_n it_o be_v always_o hot_a but_o whether_o these_o may_v proceed_v from_o subterraneal_a fire_n or_o a_o mixture_n of_o other_o body_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v since_o i_o have_v see_v body_n actual_o cold_a mix_v together_o produce_v heat_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o some_o part_n of_o england_n they_o dig_v up_o a_o mineral_n which_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o water_n only_o become_v hot_a and_o for_o a_o like_a reason_n perhaps_o those_o heat_n in_o the_o hungarian_a mine_n may_v be_v cause_v for_o that_o mineral_n steam_n ascend_v be_v evident_a since_o they_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a groave_fw-it not_o only_o to_o stinkâ—_n but_o by_o their_o corrosive_a quality_n to_o corrode_v the_o wooden_a ladder_n and_o morinus_n himself_o tell_v we_o that_o descend_v into_o the_o golden_a mine_n at_o cremnitz_n the_o heat_n increase_v extreme_o as_o he_o descend_v which_o they_o attribute_v to_o a_o mine_n of_o smaragdine_n vitriol_n which_o lie_v under_o it_o of_o which_o kind_n of_o vitriol_n there_o be_v some_o even_o in_o the_o cold_a
pestilential_a steam_n in_o the_o air_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n before_o they_o be_v dispose_v to_o affect_v other_o man_n and_o that_o those_o constitution_n shall_v be_v so_o dispose_v to_o be_v work_v upon_o by_o effluvia_fw-la by_o other_o not_o in_o the_o least_o discern_v and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o body_n as_o well_o as_o unheeded_a effluvia_fw-la may_v be_v evince_v by_o several_a instance_n as_o one_o which_o be_v remarkable_a in_o the_o year_n 1665_o in_o which_o a_o certain_a man_n three_o month_n before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o plague_n be_v take_v with_o a_o swell_v in_o his_o groin_n which_o he_o have_v likewise_o as_o a_o forerunner_n to_o several_a other_o plague_n and_o fabritius_n hildanus_n relate_v a_o story_n no_o less_o remarkable_a of_o himself_o who_o when_o in_o his_o youth_n he_o have_v have_v the_o plague_n can_v never_o pass_v any_o house_n infect_v with_o it_o without_o a_o sensible_a pain_n in_o that_o part._n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v a_o three_o instance_n from_o that_o curious_a physician_n who_o observe_v the_o various_a phaenomena_n of_o distemper_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o breda_n and_o say_v annotandum_fw-la hic_fw-la meritò_fw-la naturae_fw-la facultatem_fw-la ad_fw-la pestis_fw-la praeservationem_fw-la momenti_fw-la esse_fw-la maximi_fw-la observavi_fw-la in_o meipso_fw-la contaminatos_fw-la invisente_n statim_fw-la inguina_fw-la olere_fw-la vel_fw-la axillas_fw-la afficiebatur_fw-la aliquando_fw-la caput_fw-la noctu_fw-la inde_fw-la sudor_fw-la &_o secessus_fw-la tres_fw-la quatuorve_fw-la hoc_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la accidit_fw-la qui_fw-la fideliter_fw-la mihi_fw-la retulerunt_fw-la and_o these_o testimony_n i_o be_o rather_o incline_v to_o depend_v on_o because_o deliver_v by_o man_n of_o judgement_n and_o credit_n another_o suspicion_n which_o i_o be_o about_o to_o relate_v three_o a_o three_o be_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o contribute_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o several_a phaenomena_n be_v not_o only_o of_o large_a extent_n than_o what_o we_o be_v use_v to_o imagine_v but_o likewise_o concur_v to_o the_o production_n of_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o effect_n for_o not_o to_o spend_v much_o time_n in_o observe_v that_o several_a industrious_a astrologer_n and_o geographer_n have_v instead_o of_o physical_a give_v we_o mathematical_a hypothesis_n have_v take_v pain_n to_o describe_v the_o situation_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o planet_n and_o likewise_o that_o they_o have_v be_v industrious_a in_o discover_v the_o four_o little_a planet_n which_o move_v about_o jupiter_n as_o also_o the_o little_a moon_n which_o run_v about_o saturn_n as_o well_o as_o several_a phaenomena_n relate_v to_o comet_n without_o consider_v the_o frame_n and_o constitution_n of_o those_o body_n which_o compose_v our_o globe_n i_o conceive_v it_o not_o impossible_a to_o make_v it_o out_o that_o there_o be_v a_o commerce_n betwixt_o they_o and_o our_o globe_n as_o well_o as_o several_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o nature_n even_o in_o our_o own_o globe_n not_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o scholastical_a and_o mathematical_a writer_n four_o the_o four_o and_o i_o be_o not_o without_o reason_n induce_v to_o suspect_v that_o this_o globe_n of_o we_o have_v undergo_v several_a considerable_a change_n not_o only_o in_o several_a country_n but_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o it_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o mariner_n compass_n have_v be_v in_o several_a place_n observe_v to_o vary_v considerable_o in_o its_o declension_n from_o the_o true_a north_n pole_n as_o for_o instance_n about_o london_n in_o the_o year_n 1580_o it_o decline_v eleven_o degree_n in_o 1612_o about_o six_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1633_o about_o four_o degree_n and_o i_o have_v myself_o at_o one_o time_n observe_v little_a or_o no_o declension_n whereas_o at_o another_o i_o observe_v it_o to_o decline_v near_o half_a a_o degree_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o one_o who_o often_o observe_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n at_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n that_o when_o he_o be_v a_o young_a man_n he_o observe_v it_o to_o decline_v two_o degree_n westward_o whereas_o of_o late_a he_o find_v the_o variation_n to_o be_v six_o degree_n and_o about_o forty_o eight_o minute_n so_o that_o by_o his_o observation_n it_o have_v vary_v little_o less_o than_o five_o degree_n in_o the_o time_n he_o have_v sail_v past_o that_o place_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v have_v reason_n to_o think_v that_o there_o be_v certain_a agent_n very_o powerful_a though_o not_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o which_o may_v work_v several_a and_o very_o considerable_a change_n even_o in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n itself_o which_o whether_o regulate_v by_o any_o certain_a law_n of_o nature_n we_o know_v not_o and_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v several_a other_o unheeded_a phaenomena_n which_o we_o have_v trouble_v ourselves_o very_o little_a to_o consider_v about_o as_o the_o different_a weight_n of_o our_o atmosphere_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o that_o difference_n we_o have_v only_o note_v that_o they_o proceed_v from_o some_o subterraneal_a effluvium_n mix_v with_o the_o air_n but_o what_o other_o effect_n those_o effluvium_n may_v have_v upon_o other_o body_n have_v be_v scarce_o discover_v climate_n considerable_a variation_n in_o the_o temper_n of_o climate_n and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a what_o monsieur_n de_fw-fr rochfort_n relate_v concern_v those_o hurricane_n observe_v in_o the_o american_n island_n for_o whereas_o for_o a_o long_a time_n they_o be_v observe_v to_o come_v but_o once_o in_o seven_o year_n yet_o in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o grow_v so_o frequent_a as_o to_o return_v two_o or_o three_o time_n in_o the_o same_o year_n and_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n that_o have_v live_v in_o new_a england_n he_o observe_v a_o considerable_a alteration_n in_o the_o temper_n of_o that_o climate_n it_o be_v much_o less_o cold_a and_o more_o temperate_a than_o former_o and_o mr._n w._n wood_n in_o his_o prospect_n of_o new_a england_n take_v notice_n of_o no_o inconsiderable_a alteration_n who_o say_v that_o since_o the_o english_a inhabitant_n settle_v there_o the_o shower_n of_o rain_n be_v much_o more_o moderate_a though_o more_o frequent_a manna_n a_o observation_n concern_v manna_n and_o the_o learned_a magnenus_n observe_v in_o his_o tract_n the_o manna_n that_o about_o three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o there_o be_v no_o manna_n to_o be_v find_v in_o cenotria_n and_o it_o be_v not_o above_o two_o age_n since_o manna_n have_v be_v find_v in_o calabria_n a_o country_n so_o famous_a for_o it_o and_o the_o ingenious_a french_a writer_n in_o his_o history_n des_fw-fr isles_n antilles_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 6._o say_v that_o if_o the_o juice_n of_o a_o fruit_n call_v acajou_n fall_v upon_o a_o cloth_n it_o present_o stain_v it_o red_a which_o continue_v till_o the_o tree_n bear_v flower_n again_o which_o phaenomenon_n will_v be_v the_o more_o to_o our_o purpose_n if_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n or_o length_n of_o time_n suspicion_n another_o suspicion_n but_o beside_o these_o phaenomena_n when_o i_o observe_v the_o exact_a time_n that_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n keep_v and_o how_o exact_o coincident_a with_o the_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n spring-tide_n happen_v as_o also_o what_o vast_a spring-tide_n be_v constant_o observe_v every_o equinox_n together_o with_o those_o various_a phaenomena_n which_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o sea-water_n which_o in_o some_o place_n and_o upon_o the_o blow_n of_o some_o wind_n appear_v to_o be_v luminous_a whereas_o other_o part_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n neither_o luminous_a nor_o in_o the_o least_o affect_a so_o as_o to_o become_v luminous_a by_o those_o wind_n at_o any_o other_o time_n i_o be_o very_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o these_o phaenomena_n proceed_v from_o 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bound_n in_o their_o motion_n and_o move_v in_o such_o line_n as_o astrologer_n teach_v they_o do_v and_o if_o
the_o canary_n bird_n build_v in_o the_o barrancos_fw-la of_o gills_o bird_n bird_n which_o the_o water_n have_v fret_v away_o in_o the_o mountain_n place_n very_o cold_a they_o have_v also_o quail_n and_o partridge_n less_o than_o we_o great_a wood_n pigeon_n turtle_n at_o spring_n crow_n and_o sometime_o the_o falcon_n appear_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o barbary_n they_o have_v goat_n on_o the_o mountain_n etc._n beast_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o hog_n and_o coney_n but_o their_o camel_n come_v from_o lancerote_n among_o their_o fish_n be_v the_o follow_v viz._n the_o cherna_n fish_n fish_n a_o large_a well-tasted_n fish_n the_o mero_n dolphin_n shark_n lobster_n mussel_n periwinkle_n and_o the_o clacas_n the_o best_a fish_n in_o the_o world_n which_o grow_v in_o the_o rock_n 5_o or_o 6_o under_o a_o shell_n through_o the_o top_n of_o which_o they_o peep_v with_o their_o neb_n they_o have_v likewise_o a_o fish_n with_o 7_o tail_n each_o of_o which_o be_v a_o span_n long_o unite_v 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embalm_v to_o themselves_o so_o that_o upon_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o spaniard_n most_o of_o they_o be_v destroy_v the_o knowledge_n they_o retain_v of_o the_o ingredient_n be_v by_o tradition_n which_o be_v that_o body_n of_o the_o embalm_v of_o body_n they_o boil_v in_o butter_n of_o goat_n milk_n which_o for_o that_o purpose_n be_v preserve_v in_o the_o skin_n one_a a_o sort_n of_o wild_a lavender_n 2_o a_o gummy_a herb_n call_v gara_n which_o grow_v on_o the_o mountain_n 3_o a_o kind_n of_o showbread_n 4_o a_o wild_a sage_n of_o which_o they_o make_v a_o balsam_n and_o when_o their_o body_n be_v embowel_v and_o several_a time_n wash_v in_o a_o lixivium_n of_o the_o bark_n of_o pinetree_n and_o dry_v again_o either_o in_o the_o sun_n in_o summer_n or_o in_o a_o stove_n in_o winter_n they_o then_o several_a time_n successive_o anoint_v they_o with_o the_o balsam_n and_o dry_v they_o again_o till_o they_o grow_v light_n and_o the_o musculous_a part_n appear_v through_o the_o 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the_o north_n side_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o within_o two_o mile_n of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o sugar-loaf_n he_o likewise_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o sack_n which_o they_o drink_v at_o the_o top_n be_v exceed_v cold_a and_o seem_v to_o have_v no_o effect_n on_o they_o yet_o when_o they_o come_v into_o a_o thick_a air_n two_o of_o the_o company_n be_v drink_v have_v try_v to_o fire_v a_o birding-piece_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n he_o can_v not_o the_o company_n that_o give_v the_o former_a relation_n say_v they_o do_v the_o sulphureous_a matter_n they_o travel_v over_o be_v so_o hot_a that_o it_o burn_v two_o or_o three_o pair_n of_o pump_n in_o piece_n in_o the_o journey_n though_o their_o foot_n be_v not_o sensible_o more_o hot_a than_o at_o other_o time_n in_o some_o region_n of_o the_o same_o mountain_n it_o be_v very_o hot_a and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o same_o very_o cold_a query_n to_o what_o depth_n the_o water_n will_v be_v freeze_v in_o 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tell_v by_o a_o traveller_n that_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o genova_n from_o a_o high_a place_n he_o can_v see_v place_n remote_a in_o a_o morning_n though_o not_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v near_o the_o meridian_n the_o late_a king_n charles_n the_o second_o tell_v i_o that_o walk_v upon_o the_o beack_n on_o the_o strand_n by_o dover_n he_o unexpected_o discern_v a_o coast_n which_o have_v rise_v and_o fall_v ground_n upon_o the_o verge_n of_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o same_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o courtier_n that_o stand_v by_o he_o but_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o disappear_v again_o as_o if_o it_o have_v sink_v into_o the_o sea_n which_o phaenomenon_n i_o attribute_v to_o this_o viz._n that_o that_o coast_n lie_v but_o a_o little_a too_o far_o off_o to_o be_v see_v before_o the_o air_n interpose_v betwixt_o his_o majesty_n eye_n and_o the_o shoar_n be_v fill_v with_o vapour_n and_o subterraneal_a steam_n be_v render_v more_o refractive_a than_o before_o by_o the_o help_n of_o 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except_o their_o peculiar_a texture_n will_v render_v they_o more_o capable_a of_o be_v work_v on_o by_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n than_o other_o body_n otherwise_o soft_a than_o they_o but_o whatever_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o beam_n of_o light_n be_v very_o spare_o reflect_v from_o opacous_a body_n that_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o blackness_n will_v be_v render_v probable_a if_o we_o take_v notice_n that_o if_o a_o black_a substance_n be_v hold_v partly_o in_o the_o sunshine_n and_o partly_o out_o that_o part_n will_v appear_v black_a which_o be_v least_o shine_v upon_o and_o if_o the_o rough_a surface_n of_o a_o black_a marble_n be_v well_o polish_v and_o bring_v to_o the_o form_n of_o a_o concave_a speculum_fw-la it_o will_v represent_v the_o image_n of_o the_o sun_n without_o dazzle_v the_o eye_n and_o will_v not_o in_o a_o long_a time_n set_v wood_n on_o fire_n though_o a_o less_o speculum_fw-la of_o matter_n of_o a_o more_o reflect_a nature_n will_v cause_v it_o to_o 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down_o seem_v much_o black_a one_o way_n than_o the_o other_o the_o silken_a pile_n when_o incline_v reflect_v a_o great_a number_n of_o ray_n to_o the_o eye_n than_o the_o top_n of_o they_o be_v able_a to_o do_v which_o make_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o a_o cartload_n of_o carrot_n appear_v much_o more_o dark_a when_o the_o end_n of_o they_o be_v towards_o i_o than_o when_o a_o great_a number_n of_o ray_n be_v reflect_v to_o the_o eye_n by_o the_o side_n of_o they_o and_o in_o a_o dark_a room_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o if_o the_o light_n fall_v upon_o a_o black_a cloth_n the_o reflection_n from_o it_o be_v not_o near_o so_o sensible_a as_o if_o a_o white_a one_o be_v employ_v and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o tile_n be_v partly_o colour_v black_a and_o partly_o white_a the_o red_a be_v much_o hot_a than_o the_o white_a though_o not_o so_o hot_a as_o the_o black_a part_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o 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the_o roughness_n of_o the_o latter_a and_o for_o these_o reason_n i_o be_o the_o rather_o incline_v to_o believe_v the_o doctrine_n propose_v leave_v it_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o experience_n whether_o the_o beam_n of_o light_n be_v reflect_v from_o opacous_a body_n and_o so_o different_o modify_v before_o they_o reach_v the_o eye_n or_o whether_o from_o white_a body_n they_o be_v not_o move_v more_o brisk_o chap._n vi_o experiment_n in_o consort_n concern_v whitness_n and_o blackness_n experiment_n i._n blackness_n several_a experiment_n concern_v whitness_n &_o blackness_n to_o show_v that_o the_o colour_n of_o two_o diaphanous_a liquor_n may_v be_v destroy_v by_o a_o change_n of_o texture_n satiate_v warm_a water_n with_o sublimate_n and_o have_v filter_v it_o through_o cap-paper_n to_o render_v it_o clear_a and_o limpid_a if_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o spirit_n of_o urine_n be_v drop_v into_o two_o spoonsful_a of_o it_o the_o mixture_n will_v immediate_o become_v white_a yet_o by_o a_o addition_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la it_o will_v again_o become_v transparent_a and_o will_v become_v white_a again_o with_o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o the_o like_a have_v succeed_v in_o other_o experiment_n as_o well_o as_o of_o these_o experiment_n ii_o if_o a_o solution_n of_o vitriol_n be_v shake_v with_o a_o infusion_n of_o gall_n dilute_v with_o water_n it_o will_v turn_v it_o black_a but_o by_o a_o addition_n of_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n it_o will_v present_o lay_v down_o its_o dark_a colour_n and_o become_v transparent_a but_o upon_o a_o addition_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n dissolve_v it_o will_v again_o acquire_v a_o blackness_n and_o though_o this_o ink_n be_v pale_a yet_o when_o dry_a it_o be_v very_a black_n the_o like_a succeed_v with_o common_a ink_n but_o not_o so_o easy_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o salt_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o gum._n and_o here_o i_o shall_v take_v notice_n that_o though_o it_o be_v general_o allow_v that_o alkalizate_a salt_n will_v not_o precipitate_v body_n except_o first_o dissolve_v in_o some_o acid_n menstruum_fw-la yet_o i_o have_v try_v that_o a_o lixivium_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v pour_v upon_o decoction_n of_o vegetable_n will_v precipitate_v a_o curdle_a matter_n which_o will_v be_v leave_v behind_o in_o the_o filtre_n and_o in_o make_v the_o first_o ink_n several_a particle_n of_o black_a matter_n will_v be_v separate_v by_o a_o filtre_n and_o when_o the_o ink_n be_v make_v clear_a again_o by_o the_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n the_o salt_n of_o tarter_n seem_v to_o precipitate_v and_o to_o unite_v those_o particle_n of_o matter_n which_o be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o corrosive_a oil_n and_o to_o show_v that_o gall_n be_v not_o so_o requisite_a to_o the_o make_n of_o ink_n as_o they_o be_v general_o suppose_v i_o add_v a_o few_o drop_n of_o a_o solution_n of_o vitriol_n to_o a_o decoction_n of_o rose_n leave_v upon_o which_o it_o turn_v black_a and_o change_v that_o colour_n for_o a_o deep_a red_a when_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la be_v add_v to_o it_o which_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o black_a again_o by_o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o though_o upon_o a_o mixture_n of_o liquor_n mention_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o this_o history_n of_o colour_n a_o black_a colour_n immediate_o emerge_n yet_o both_o the_o infusion_n of_o orpiment_n and_o a_o solution_n of_o minium_n be_v before_o they_o be_v mix_v limpid_a and_o colourse_n experiment_n iii_o the_o caput_fw-la mortuum_n of_o white_a hartshorn_n distil_v in_o a_o retort_n will_v be_v black_a which_o that_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o change_n of_o its_o texture_n only_o be_v evident_a since_o the_o same_o happen_v if_o it_o be_v distil_v in_o glass_n vessel_n yet_o by_o calcination_n in_o open_a vessel_n it_o will_v regain_v its_o pristine_a whiteness_n ivory_n burn_v yield_v a_o curious_a black_a and_o so_o do_v the_o burn_v caput_fw-la mortuum_n of_o tartar_n but_o if_o it_o be_v thorough_o calcine_v it_o will_v be_v white_a so_o white_a wood_n as_o hazel_n will_v yield_v a_o black_a charcoal_n and_o whitish_a ash_n and_o even_o animal_n substance_n grow_v black_a by_o be_v burn_v and_o white_a when_o perfect_o calcine_v experiment_n iu._n though_o it_o be_v hold_v as_o a_o maxim_n by_o some_o philosopher_n and_o most_o chemist_n viz._n adusta_fw-la nigra_fw-la sed_fw-la perusta_fw-mi alba_fw-la yet_o i_o have_v try_v that_o alabaster_n burn_v yield_v a_o yellow_a and_o lead_v calcine_v form_n a_o red_a minium_n which_o urge_v further_o by_o the_o fire_n turn_v to_o a_o glass_n dark_a than_o minium_n so_o likewise_o white_a calx_fw-la of_o antimony_n yield_v a_o glass_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n deep_a than_o the_o calx_fw-la of_o burn_a antimony_n and_o though_o common_a glass_n of_o antimony_n adulterate_v
again_o when_o the_o internal_a air_n be_v rarify_v within_o half_a a_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n and_o then_o the_o apex_n be_v seal_v up_o it_o be_v place_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n yet_o the_o air_n in_o the_o top_n have_v its_o spring_n so_o weaken_v by_o refrigeration_n that_o it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o depress_v the_o water_n though_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o it_o subsided_a several_a inch_n the_o external_a air_n press_v upon_o it_o the_o experiment_n be_v a_o three_o time_n reiterated_a with_o 3_o ½_n of_o air_n in_o the_o pipe_n when_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vial_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n freeze_v it_o be_v able_a to_o expand_v itself_o a_o little_a but_o when_o the_o apex_n be_v break_v off_o the_o external_n air_n depress_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n two_o inch_n but_o be_v remove_v into_o a_o warm_a room_n it_o ascend_v above_o a_o inch_n high_o than_o the_o uppermost_a level_n have_v put_v so_o much_o water_n into_o a_o vessel_n 6._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 6._o such_o as_o plate_n 1_o fig._n 6._o delineates_n as_o be_v able_a to_o fill_v almost_o the_o whole_a tube_n we_o cause_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n to_o be_v place_v about_o the_o ball_n of_o it_o yet_o we_o perceive_v not_o the_o water_n in_o the_o least_o to_o rise_v but_o if_o at_o all_o it_o may_v well_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o the_o intumescence_n of_o some_o airy_a part_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v break_v off_o under_o water_n the_o external_n air_n force_v the_o water_n several_a inch_n up_o into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n another_o experiment_n we_o make_v with_o the_o follow_a vessel_n see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 7_o the_o stem_n of_o this_o be_v no_o thick_a than_o a_o raven_n quill_n though_o several_a inch_n long_o 7._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 7._o and_o the_o ball_n be_v about_o as_o big_a as_o a_o nutmeg_n we_o drop_v a_o few_o drop_n of_o water_n into_o the_o stem_n which_o be_v suspend_v there_o betray_v very_o slight_a change_n in_o the_o rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n of_o the_o internal_a air._n watch_v therefore_o when_o the_o air_n within_o have_v raise_v the_o bubble_n up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stem_n we_o immediate_o seal_v it_o up_o and_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o seal_a glass_n be_v place_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n the_o bubble_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o subside_n but_o if_o the_o apex_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v off_o the_o bubble_n of_o water_n will_v be_v sometime_o depress_v so_o low_o as_o to_o fall_v into_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n and_o what_o be_v further_o remarkable_a be_v that_o when_o the_o liquor_n be_v descend_v if_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v seal_v up_o the_o water_n will_v immediate_o stop_v at_o the_o place_n it_o rest_v at_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v take_v off_o where_o it_o will_v continue_v till_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v open_a again_o and_o then_o the_o water_n will_v be_v further_o depress_v as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v able_a to_o overpower_v the_o resistance_n make_v by_o the_o internal_a air._n have_v make_v use_n of_o such_o a_o vessel_n as_o fig._n 7._o plate_n 1._o represent_v and_o convey_v a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o water_n into_o both_o the_o leg_n 7._o see_v plate_n 1_o fig._n 7._o we_o seal_v up_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bend_a stem_n leave_v so_o much_o air_n above_o it_o as_o we_o think_v convenient_a which_o be_v do_v we_o place_v the_o ball_n of_o it_o in_o a_o frame_n in_o which_o the_o tube_n hang_v down_o we_o can_v cover_v the_o round_a ball_n with_o snow_n and_o salt_n upon_o which_o the_o air_n in_o the_o stem_n be_v able_a to_o expand_v itself_o so_o far_o that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v raise_v the_o length_n of_o a_o barleycorn_n high_o than_o before_o and_o depress_v as_o much_o in_o the_o other_o but_o when_o the_o end_n of_o the_o stem_n be_v break_v open_a the_o water_n be_v raise_v 2_o ¼_n inch_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n and_o depress_v so_o low_o in_o the_o short_a that_o several_a bubble_n rise_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ball._n in_o which_o experiment_n it_o can_v be_v suppose_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n can_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o other_o except_o by_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n which_o be_v but_o small_a answerable_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o of_o it_o it_o can_v be_v expect_v that_o it_o shall_v have_v any_o considerable_a effect_n upon_o the_o air_n in_o the_o other_o leg_n though_o its_o spring_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n weaken_v by_o cold._n a_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n in_o the_o first_o plate_n fig._n 1._o p._n 12._o a._n the_o ball_n or_o egg._n b_o c._n the_o stem_n d._n the_o little_a aqueous_a cylinder_n fig._n 2._o the_o open_a weatherglass_n mention_v p._n 16_o 22._o fig._n 3._o the_o seal_a weatherglass_n or_o thermoscope_n mention_v p._n 16._o fig._n 4._o the_o barometer_n or_o mercurial_a standard_n place_v in_o a_o frame_n b_o b._n mention_v p._n 17._o fig._n 5._o a_o instrument_n mention_v p._n 34._o a._n the_o vial._n b_o c._n the_o pipe_n cement_v into_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o vial_n open_a at_o c_o and_o seal_v at_o b._n fig._n 6._o p._n 35._o a._n the_o bolt-head_n b._n the_o small_a stem_n b_o c._n the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n enclose_v fig._n 7._o p._n 36._o chap._n v._o the_o experimental_a history_n of_o cold_a begin_v title_n i._o experiment_n concern_v body_n capable_a of_o freeze_v other_o before_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o cold_a it_o perhaps_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v what_o body_n be_v capable_a of_o retain_v such_o quality_n and_o what_o be_v not_o but_o that_o be_v a_o consideration_n not_o so_o necessary_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n which_o be_v only_o to_o set_v down_o what_o observation_n we_o have_v make_v in_o body_n subject_a to_o be_v freeze_v i_o shall_v only_o in_o short_a take_v notice_n that_o most_o body_n except_o fire_n be_v susceptible_a of_o actual_a cold_a and_o it_o be_v a_o question_n whether_o even_o that_o be_v not_o rather_o a_o state_n of_o matter_n in_o such_o a_o peculiar_a motion_n than_o a_o distinct_a and_o particular_a species_n of_o natural_a body_n since_o even_o gunpowder_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n before_o they_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n by_o some_o other_o body_n be_v actual_o cold._a but_o to_o proceed_v to_o what_o observation_n relate_v to_o our_o title_n other_o experiment_n of_o body_n capable_a of_o freeze_v other_o 1._o body_n cold_a enough_o to_o freeze_v other_o be_v very_o few_o here_o in_o england_n snow_n and_o salt_n mix_v be_v most_o remarkable_a which_o cool_a the_o liquor_n contain_v in_o those_o vessel_n which_o be_v close_v up_o in_o such_o mixture_n 2._o snow_n alone_o will_v not_o freeze_v water_n as_o a_o mixture_n of_o it_o and_o salt_n do_v and_o though_o water_v pour_v betwixt_o the_o interstice_n of_o snow_n or_o ice_n freeze_v yet_o there_o be_v a_o great_a disparity_n betwixt_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n and_o keep_v it_o up_o in_o vessel_n and_o though_o it_o be_v freeze_v when_o cover_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o bottle_n all_o night_n yet_o that_o may_v proceed_v from_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n as_o well_o as_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o snow_n 3._o if_o nitre_n alum_n vitriol_n salarmoniack_a or_o sugar_n be_v mix_v in_o due_a proportion_n with_o snow_n they_o will_v enable_v it_o to_o freeze_v though_o not_o so_o intense_o as_o common_a salt_n 4._o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v shake_v together_o with_o snow_n in_o the_o vial_n they_o cause_v a_o dew_n which_o be_v gather_v on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n to_o be_v freeze_v though_o the_o mixture_n within_o be_v not_o and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n mix_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o thin_a vial_n have_v the_o same_o effect_v only_o more_o intense_o 5._o but_o not_o only_o these_o acid_n spirit_n have_v these_o effect_n on_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n condense_v on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n but_o likewise_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o spirit_n of_o sugar_n the_o former_a of_o these_o three_o be_v very_o powerful_a though_o the_o latter_a be_v not_o so_o strong_o frigorifick_a 6._o spirit_n of_o urine_n mix_v with_o snow_n in_o a_o vial_n freeze_v the_o external_n moisture_n weak_o but_o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a draw_v from_o quicklime_n do_v it_o powerful_o 7._o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n pour_v upon_o snow_n freeze_v moderate_o 8._o sal_fw-la gem_n with_o a_o
sublimate_n make_v with_o common_a sublimate_n and_o salarmoniack_a nay_o and_o with_o both_o loaf_n and_o kitchin-sugar_n as_o likewise_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o pot-ash_n mix_v with_o snow_n do_v freeze_v though_o very_o faint_o and_o both_o a_o solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o pot-ash_n agitate_a with_o snow_n in_o a_o small_a vial_n produce_v film_n of_o ice_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o glass_n though_o very_o thin_a one_o 9_o a_o sweet_a solution_n of_o minium_n in_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n mix_v with_o snow_n excite_v the_o frigorifick_a quality_n of_o it_o yet_o some_o of_o that_o solution_n be_v enclose_v in_o snow_n and_o salt_n will_v not_o be_v freeze_v by_o they_o snow_n shut_v up_o alone_o thaw_v much_o more_o slow_o than_o that_o which_o be_v mix_v with_o salt_n or_o spirit_n no_o salt_n will_v promote_v the_o frigorifick_a quality_n of_o snow_n so_o far_o as_o to_o enable_v it_o to_o freeze_v which_o quicken_v not_o its_o dissolution_n neither_o crystal_n of_o tartar_n nor_o borax_n both_o beat_v to_o powder_n nor_o sublimate_n will_v enable_v snow_n to_o freeze_v as_o well_o as_o the_o powder_n of_o each_o lie_v undissolved_a in_o it_o 10._o water_n of_o quicklime_n be_v twice_o try_v will_v not_o freeze_v but_o only_o gather_v a_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n yet_o the_o liquor_n be_v keep_v up_o 12_o month_n the_o spirit_n with_o which_o those_o water_n abound_v fly_v away_o 11._o oil_n of_o turpentine_n in_o which_o ice_n dissolve_v slow_a than_o in_o several_a other_o liquor_n enable_v not_o snow_n to_o freeze_v though_o spirit_n of_o wine_n shut_v up_o with_o snow_n in_o a_o bottle_n enable_v it_o to_o freeze_v powerful_o and_o to_o chrystalize_v even_o urine_n itself_o which_o may_v be_v take_v off_o in_o scale_n 12._o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o snow_n be_v mix_v together_o in_o a_o just_a proportion_n freeze_v very_o powerful_o and_o speedy_o not_o only_a water_n but_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o weak_a spirit_n of_o salt_n the_o first_o of_o which_o retain_v its_o taste_n when_o freeze_v and_o the_o latter_a shot_n into_o crystal_n which_o lay_v across_o each_o other_o a_o solution_n of_o salarmoniack_a partly_o evaporate_v will_v shoot_v into_o crystal_n like_o comb_n and_o feather_n and_o salarmoniack_a distil_v from_o quicklime_n will_v shoot_v into_o branch_n almost_o like_o those_o so_o nimble_o that_o one_o eye_n may_v discern_v they_o to_o spread_v and_o increase_v the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o wine_n and_o strong_a ale_n succeed_v but_o very_o faint_o 13._o since_o body_n general_o help_v snow_n to_o freeze_v which_o hasten_v its_o dissolution_n we_o throw_v into_o a_o vial_n which_o contain_v snow_n heat_a sand_n which_o enable_v it_o to_o cause_v a_o dew_n but_o not_o to_o freeze_v and_o warm_a water_n pour_v into_o another_o when_o it_o have_v be_v shake_v produce_v a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o cold_a and_o gather_v dew_n but_o freeze_v it_o not_o 14._o though_o it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o the_o hoar-froast_a on_o glass-window_n be_v only_a exsudation_n through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o freeze_v by_o the_o external_n cold_a yet_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v rather_o on_o the_o inside_n the_o glass_n the_o steam_n which_o rove_v up_o and_o down_o the_o room_n be_v condense_v by_o the_o external_n cold_a and_o freeze_v 15._o to_o show_v that_o the_o ice_n which_o appear_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vial_n in_o the_o foregoing_a experiment_n proceed_v not_o from_o any_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o mixture_n penetrate_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o settle_v on_o the_o outside_n we_o find_v that_o four_o ounce_n and_o ¼_n of_o the_o mixture_n of_o ice_n and_o salt_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o vial_n by_o the_o access_n of_o dew_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o weight_n of_o it_o be_v increase_v 12_o grain_n another_o vial_n which_o contain_v two_o ounce_n six_o dram_fw-la and_o a_o half_a increase_v in_o weight_n 4_o grain_n the_o vial_n be_v unseal_v under_o water_n it_o suck_v in_o a_o good_a quantity_n of_o it_o six_o ounce_n snow_n and_o salt_n be_v seal_v up_o in_o a_o glass_n the_o hoar-frost_n be_v wipe_v off_o but_o return_v again_o and_o the_o vial_n be_v counterpoise_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n the_o vapour_n condense_v by_o the_o coldness_n of_o it_o in_o the_o time_n that_o the_o snow_n be_v melt_v weigh_v 10_o grain_n a_o like_a quantity_n of_o snow_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o single_a vial_n the_o outside_n be_v present_o cover_v with_o ice_n and_o in_o all_o it_o become_v 7_o grain_n heavy_a than_o before_o another_o time_n a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o weigh_v 3_o ¾_n ounce_n afford_v 18_o grain_n of_o condense_a vapour_n and_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salgem_n which_o counterpoise_v 3_o ounce_n and_o 70_o grain_n upon_o a_o additional_a weight_n of_o condense_a vapour_n weigh_v 20_o grain_n more_o than_o before_o title_n ii_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v body_n dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v freeze_v of_o body_n dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v without_o any_o more_o than_o bare_o intimate_v that_o there_o be_v several_a body_n dispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v by_o one_o degree_n of_o cold_a that_o be_v not_o with_o another_o i_o shall_v observe_v 1._o that_o in_o very_o cold_a snowy_a wether_n water_n urine_n beer_n ale_n milk_n vinegar_n french_a and_o rhenish_a wine_n be_v either_o total_o or_o partly_o turn_v into_o ice_n but_o beside_o these_o more_o obvious_a instance_n we_o freeze_v a_o solution_n of_o sugar_n and_o another_o of_o gum_n arabic_a in_o water_n a_o solution_n of_o alum_n nitre_n and_o vinegar_n freeze_v without_o afford_v any_o considerable_a phaenomena_n a_o solution_n of_o vitriol_n be_v in_o part_n freeze_v and_o in_o part_n unfreeze_v that_o which_o be_v freeze_v being_n not_o much_o different_a in_o colour_n from_o water_n but_o the_o unfreeze_v part_n be_v of_o a_o very_a high_a vitriol-colour_n 2._o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n expose_v to_o a_o intense_a fire_n both_o of_o they_o freeze_v 3._o a_o drachm_n of_o salt_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v dissolve_v in_o two_o ounce_n of_o water_n present_o freeze_v in_o a_o intense_a cold_a and_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la or_o at_o least_o a_o solution_n of_o the_o fix_a salt_n of_o tartar_n be_v congeal_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n appendix_n to_o the_o ii_o title_n oil_n become_v much_o more_o hard_a in_o muscovy_n than_o here_o in_o england_n in_o the_o most_o excessive_a cold_n but_o will_v in_o neither_o be_v turn_v into_o perfect_a ice_n and_o captain_n james_n speak_v of_o a_o island_n where_o he_o and_o his_o man_n be_v force_v to_o winter_n pag._n 58_o say_v all_z our_o sack_n vinegar_n oil_n and_o every_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v liquid_a be_v now_o freeze_v as_o hard_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n and_o we_o must_v cut_v it_o with_o a_o hatchet_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n gent._n sept._n hist_o l._n 11._o c._n 24_o say_v speak_v of_o the_o fight_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v on_o the_o ice_n in_o the_o northern_a region_n glacialis_fw-la congressus_fw-la fit_a in_fw-la laneis_fw-la calcibus_fw-la non_fw-la pellibus_fw-la aut_fw-la coriis_fw-la unctis_fw-la vis_fw-fr enim_fw-la frigoris_fw-la quodcunque_fw-la fit_a unctuosum_fw-la convertit_fw-la in_o lubricitatem_fw-la glacialem_fw-la there_o be_v a_o great_a similitude_n betwixt_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o inflammability_n and_o be_v dispose_v to_o mix_v with_o oily_a body_n and_o as_o great_a a_o aptitude_n in_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n to_o mix_v with_o other_o liquor_n i_o inquire_v of_o the_o russian_a emperor_n physician_n what_o alteration_n he_o have_v observe_v to_o be_v produce_v by_o cold_a in_o muscovy_n to_o which_o he_o answer_v that_o aniseed_n and_o other_o weak_a spirit_n will_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o imperfect_a kind_n of_o ice_n and_o that_o strong_a one_o will_v turn_v ice_n into_o a_o kind_n of_o substance_n like_o oil_n particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o ii_o title_n 1_o in_o a_o very_a hard_a frost_n in_o december_n a_o solution_n of_o minium_n near_o the_o fire_n seem_v to_o be_v freeze_v though_o it_o be_v make_v with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o so_o strong_a that_o part_n of_o it_o be_v shoot_v into_o saccharum_n saturni_n some_o at_o the_o top_n which_o be_v yellow_a do_v not_o freeze_v though_o pour_v out_o 2._o a_o solution_n of_o gold_n make_v with_o salt_n be_v likewise_o freeze_v as_o also_o a_o pint-vial_n full_a of_o the_o tincture_n of_o lignum_fw-la nephriticum_fw-la which_o be_v freeze_v the_o ice_n have_v no_o such_o colour_n as_o the_o tincture_n 3._o it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o russia_n brandy_n will_v freeze_v but_o the_o ice_n of_o it_o be_v
not_o so_o hard_a as_o common_a ice_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o in_o moscow_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n will_v freeze_v leave_v some_o dissolve_v in_o the_o middle_n which_o be_v much_o strong_a than_o ordinary_a brandy_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v that_o in_o russia_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o have_v wine_n freeze_v french_a brandy_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n in_o russia_n freeze_v and_o salad-oil_n become_v as_o hard_o as_o tallow_n but_o water_n at_o the_o same_o time_n do_v not_o freeze_v title_n iii_o experiment_n touch_v body_n indispose_v to_o be_v freeze_v freeze_v body_n not_o dispose_v to_o freeze_v 1._o the_o subtle_a part_n of_o several_a body_n be_v bring_v over_o by_o distillation_n will_v not_o freeze_v by_o such_o a_o application_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n as_o freeze_v other_o body_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v aquafortis_n spirit_n of_o nitre_n of_o salt_n oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o chemical_a oil_n we_o have_v then_o in_o possession_n spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o of_o other_o fermented_a liquor_n and_o sack_n if_o good_a will_v scarce_o freeze_v but_o the_o inflammable_a part_n be_v spend_v by_o burn_v it_o will_v easy_o freeze_v 2._o two_o drachm_n of_o salt_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v dissolve_v in_o a_o ounce_n of_o water_n the_o mixture_n will_v not_o freeze_v though_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v cover_v with_o ice_n at_o another_o time_n a_o strong_a solution_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n will_v not_o freeze_v though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n salt_n of_o pot-ash_n be_v dissolve_v do_v 3._o that_o common_a express_v oil_n of_o vegetable_n will_v freeze_v after_o their_o manner_n and_o curdle_n in_o cold_a wether_n be_v common_o observe_v yet_o train-oyl_n which_o be_v usual_o make_v of_o the_o fat_a of_o whale_n by_o the_o help_n of_o fire_n continue_v fluid_a in_o wether_n that_o be_v very_o sharp_a but_o in_o a_o excessive_a cold_a night_n it_o lose_v its_o fluidity_n which_o seem_v to_o disfavour_v what_o olaus_n magnus_n write_v who_o say_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a region_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o cast_v train-oyl_n upon_o the_o water_n in_o their_o ditch_n to_o keep_v the_o water_n from_o freeze_a and_o thereby_o unpassable_a the_o oil_n as_o he_o say_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o congeal_v with_o cold_a but_o it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o train-oyl_n he_o speak_v of_o be_v the_o same_o as_o be_v use_v by_o the_o swede_n laplander_n and_o muscovite_n and_o whether_o they_o have_v a_o different_a way_n in_o keep_v of_o it_o or_o not_o 4._o though_o a_o solution_n of_o sugar_n will_v freeze_v yet_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o sugar_n of_o lead_n will_v not_o in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o be_v remarkable_a since_o the_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n itself_o will_v freeze_v beside_o there_o must_v needs_o be_v some_o water_n in_o the_o solution_n and_o the_o sugar_n be_v but_o a_o vitriol_n of_o lead_n it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o it_o shall_v not_o freeze_v as_o well_o as_o common_a vitriol_n though_o in_o this_o latter_a concrete_a metal_n be_v corrode_v by_o a_o spirit_n which_o if_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o the_o liquor_n afford_v in_o distillation_n be_v very_o much_o sharp_a and_o strong_a than_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n 5._o quicksilver_n will_v not_o freeze_v in_o the_o sharp_a air_n though_o expose_v to_o it_o in_o very_o thin_a glass_n and_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o a_o little_a quantity_n of_o it_o make_v a_o large_a surface_n 6._o a_o very_a sharp_a frost_n be_v not_o able_a to_o freeze_v a_o strong_a brine_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n other_o saline_a solution_n be_v congeal_v but_o a_o solution_n consist_v of_o twenty_o part_n of_o water_n and_o one_o of_o salt_n be_v freeze_v in_o a_o very_a sharp_a night_n the_o ice_n swim_v at_o the_o top_n in_o figure_n almost_o like_a broom_n spread_v from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n downward_o the_o salt_n dissolve_v in_o this_o water_n be_v double_a the_o proportion_n of_o that_o which_o be_v usual_o in_o sea-water_n i_o thaw_v ice_n of_o salt-water_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o dissolve_a ice_n will_v be_v fresh_a or_o not_o but_o it_o retain_v a_o little_a brackishness_n which_o i_o suppose_v it_o receive_v from_o the_o contiguous_a brine_n though_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o in_o amsterdam_n they_o make_v use_v of_o thaw_a ice_n instead_o of_o common_a fresh_a water_n in_o brew_v and_o bartholinus_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la nivis_fw-la cap._n 6._o p._n 42._o say_v de_fw-fr glacie_n ex_fw-la marina_fw-la aqua_fw-la certum_fw-la est_fw-la si_fw-la resolvatur_fw-la salsum_fw-la saporem_fw-la deposuisse_fw-la quod_fw-la etiam_fw-la non_fw-la ità _fw-la pridem_fw-la expertus_fw-la est_fw-la cl._n jacobus_n fincbius_n academiae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la senior_fw-la &_o physices_fw-la professor_n benemeritus_fw-la in_fw-la glaciei_fw-la frustis_fw-la è_fw-la portu_fw-la nostro_fw-la allatis_fw-la particular_n referrable_a to_o the_o iii_o title_n 1._o spirit_n of_o salarmoniack_a make_v with_o quicklime_n volatile_a oil_n of_o amber_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n be_v expose_v two_o night_n and_o a_o day_n freeze_v not_o a_o solution_n of_o silver_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la be_v and_o spr._n sanguinis_fw-la humani_fw-la be_v freeze_v swell_v so_o much_o as_o to_o force_v out_o the_o cork_n 2._o unrectify_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n expose_v to_o the_o cold_a in_o a_o bottle_n will_v not_o freeze_v but_o another_o portion_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o earthen_a porringer_n do_v 3._o i_o be_o inform_v that_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n of_o water_n in_o scotland_n out_o of_o which_o a_o small_a river_n run_v the_o water_n of_o both_o which_o be_v never_o freeze_v but_o dissolve_v snow_n or_o ice_n if_o cast_v into_o it_o 4._o salad-oil_n be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o keep_v the_o lock_n of_o gun_n from_o freeze_a hinder_v they_o from_o be_v discharge_v but_o oil_n of_o hemp_n or_o train-oyl_n keep_v they_o from_o freeze_a title_n iu_o experiment_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o several_a body_n body_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a in_o several_a body_n to_o discover_v the_o different_a degree_n of_o cold_a we_o have_v propose_v several_a thermometer_n in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n concern_v which_o we_o shall_v add_v this_o advertisement_n viz._n that_o though_o those_o which_o be_v to_o be_v immerse_v in_o liquor_n have_v the_o ball_n end_n round_o yet_o when_o we_o be_v to_o try_v the_o degree_n of_o cold_a of_o consistent_a powder_n it_o be_v better_a to_o make_v use_n of_o such_o as_o have_v flat_a bottom_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o stand_v on_o their_o own_o basis_n for_o so_o it_o will_v be_v pleasant_a to_o see_v the_o suspend_v bubble_n in_o one_o of_o our_o thermometer_n rise_v and_o fall_v as_o it_o be_v remove_v from_o one_o body_n to_o another_o 2._o freeze_a have_v be_v so_o general_o esteem_v the_o utmost_a effect_n of_o cold_a that_o most_o have_v be_v content_a without_o examine_v strict_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o it_o nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o very_o easy_o do_v since_o if_o we_o do_v it_o with_o common_a weather-glass_n it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a thing_n to_o distinguish_v whether_o the_o cold_a of_o one_o day_n exceed_v that_o of_o another_o since_o there_o intervening_a so_o much_o time_n betwixt_o the_o observation_n the_o alteration_n may_v be_v cause_v by_o a_o increase_n in_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o shall_v we_o make_v a_o estimate_n by_o the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sense_n we_o shall_v easy_o be_v mistake_v since_o it_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o different_a sensation_n of_o cold_a which_o we_o perceive_v depend_v on_o the_o various_a disposition_n of_o our_o body_n but_o allow_v that_o vulgar_a thermometer_n may_v give_v we_o a_o true_a information_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o cold_a which_o nature_n afford_v yet_o they_o acquaint_v we_o not_o whether_o art_n may_v not_o produce_v great_a much_o less_o will_v they_o help_v we_o to_o make_v a_o estimate_n of_o this_o disparity_n and_o though_o we_o may_v make_v some_o guess_n by_o the_o operation_n of_o cold_a on_o liquor_n expose_v to_o it_o yet_o some_o as_o aqueous_a liquor_n freeze_v too_o soon_o and_o vinous_a liquor_n here_o in_o england_n will_v not_o freeze_v at_o all_o except_z french_z wine_n which_o happen_v seldom_o and_o leave_v too_o great_a a_o interval_n betwixt_o the_o degree_n necessary_a to_o congeal_v wine_n and_o sufficient_a to_o freeze_v water_n beside_o the_o uncertainty_n proceed_v from_o the_o several_a strength_n of_o wine_n wherefore_o to_o discover_v the_o intensity_n of_o cold_a produce_v by_o art_n above_o the_o high_a degree_n that_o nature_n afford_v 1._o see_v plate_n 1._o fig._n 1._o we_o furnish_v a_o seal_a weatherglass_n such_o as_o plate_n 1_o fig._n 1._o delineates_n with_o
not_o freeze_v near_o so_o hard_a near_o the_o 79th_o degree_n as_o in_o the_o 73d_o and_o though_o nova_n zembla_n lie_v near_o 4_o 5_o and_o 6_o degree_n more_o southerly_a from_o the_o pole_n than_o greenland_n yet_o the_o latter_a have_v grass_n and_o tree_n and_o such_o beast_n as_o feed_v upon_o they_o whereas_o in_o nova_n zembla_n there_o be_v no_o grass_n and_o only_o such_o beast_n as_o feed_v on_o flesh_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o josephus_n acosta_n tell_v we_o that_o under_o the_o line_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o zenith_n and_o just_a enter_v into_o aries_n in_o march_n he_o feel_v himself_o very_o cold_a and_o he_o likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o under_o the_o burn_a zone_n in_o quitto_n and_o the_o plain_n of_o peru_n the_o air_n be_v temperate_a at_o potofi_n very_o cold_a and_o in_o aethiopia_n brasile_a and_o the_o moluccoe_n very_o hot._n and_o he_o observe_v further_a that_o snow_n lie_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o that_o it_o be_v 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