Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	circle_n	exchange_n	zone_n	16	3	13.3143	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06785	The center of The circle of commerce. Or, A refutation of a treatise, intituled The circle of commerce, or The ballance of trade, lately published by E.M. By Gerard Malynes merchant	Malynes, Gerard, fl. 1586-1641.	1623 (1623)	STC 17221; ESTC S111905	76,643	152

procure_v by_o merchant_n by_o or_o under_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n either_o by_o commodity_n or_o by_o money_n or_o by_o exchange_n of_o money_n according_a to_o every_o man_n profession_n and_o occasion_n in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n some_o by_o commodity_n only_o other_o by_o money_n &_o other_o by_o exchange_n for_o money_n or_o by_o all_o three_o mean_n trade_n three_o mean_n of_o trade_n or_o some_o of_o they_o which_o yield_v most_o benefit_n as_o we_o shall_v declare_v in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o discourse_n in_o plain_a and_o significant_a word_n fit_a for_o every_o man_n understanding_n without_o affectation_n of_o superficiary_a term_n of_o art_n by_o demonstrative_a reason_n and_o infallible_a argument_n illustrate_v by_o simile_n notwithstanding_o the_o refuter_n objection_n which_o i_o intend_v to_o answer_v as_o they_o shall_v occur_v unto_o i_o have_v by_o this_o index_n purgatorius_fw-la dissolve_v some_o frantic_a disease_n of_o his_o brain_n which_o may_v have_v obscure_v the_o thing_n material_a of_o this_o important_a business_n thus_o have_v resolve_v to_o contain_v myself_o within_o the_o circle_n of_o modesty_n remember_v the_o say_n of_o socrates_n if_o a_o ass_n kick_v thou_o will_v thou_o kick_v he_o again_o i_o be_o only_a to_o address_v some_o few_o speech_n unto_o he_o by_o way_n of_o imitation_n alas_o poor_a man_n you_o do_v so_o often_o deplore_v my_o ignorance_n by_o these_o word_n to_o extol_v your_o learning_n who_o be_v never_o graduate_v in_o school_n do_v you_o think_v to_o conjure_v i_o within_o the_o circuit_n of_o your_o circle_n wherein_o you_o be_v enclose_v i_o be_o not_o to_o follow_v your_o method_n of_o circulation_n especial_o when_o you_o strive_v to_o commend_v and_o make_v good_a that_o within_o book_n which_o be_v never_o in_o question_n and_o malicious_o urge_v some_o thing_n without_o book_n that_o be_v never_o mean_v by_o word_n nor_o writing_n to_o be_v defend_v neither_o can_v i_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o matter_n by_o your_o meander_n or_o excursion_n and_o vain_a disputation_n de_fw-fr lana_fw-la caprina_fw-la you_o do_v embrace_v with_o ixion_n a_o cloud_n for_o juno_n and_o with_o narcissus_n love_v your_o own_o shadow_n for_o a_o water_n nymph_n leave_v your_o profanation_n of_o god_n word_n in_o your_o passionate_a writing_n for_o the_o high_a point_n of_o knowledge_n be_v to_o know_v that_o we_o know_v nothing_o and_o so_o i_o end_v with_o a_o observation_n only_o of_o such_o other_o absurdity_n as_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v note_v for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o matter_n to_o be_v entreat_v of_o the_o content_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n or_o zone_n chap._n 1._o that_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o other_o country_n place_v under_o the_o arctic_a circle_n chap._n 2._o that_o the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v undervalue_v in_o exchange_n between_o we_o and_o other_o country_n in_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n chap._n 3._o that_o gain_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n and_o that_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o overballance_a of_o trade_n place_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a chap._n 4._o a_o examination_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o commerce_n in_o the_o trade_n from_o england_n into_o other_o country_n place_v in_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n chap._n 5._o the_o mean_n to_o balance_v the_o trade_n of_o england_n by_o the_o say_a centre_n or_o the_o remedy_n against_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n thereof_o place_v in_o the_o antarctic_a circle_n chap._n i._n that_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o other_o country_n enter_v into_o the_o first_o zone_n or_o arctic_a circle_n of_o the_o north_n let_v we_o direct_v our_o compass_n according_a to_o this_o north_n star_n of_o the_o public_a measure_n between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n and_o so_o proceed_v methodical_o there_o be_v no_o rule_n so_o general_a in_o any_o thing_n which_o admit_v not_o some_o exception_n but_o to_o ground_v any_o thing_n upon_o a_o exception_n and_o to_o leave_v the_o general_a rule_n be_v never_o do_v by_o any_o man_n of_o judgement_n all_o misseldens_n contradiction_n be_v ground_v upon_o exception_n and_o the_o general_a rule_n be_v neglect_v as_o for_o example_n the_o ship_n name_v the_o dragon_n come_v from_o the_o east_n indies_n absurdity_n misseldens_n absurdity_n be_v drive_v by_o necessity_n to_o sail_v a_o great_a part_n of_o her_o way_n without_o a_o rudder_n 22._o p._n 22._o shall_v we_o make_v a_o rule_n hereof_o and_o sail_v without_o a_o rudder_n or_o compass_n statesman_n have_v observe_v for_o a_o general_a rule_n that_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o coin_n do_v general_o raise_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n shall_v we_o term_v this_o a_o fallacy_n 39_o p._n 39_o because_o that_o the_o linen_n in_o germany_n have_v these_o two_o or_o three_o year_n last_o come_v thence_o so_o cheap_a notwithstanding_o they_o be_v buy_v with_o money_n give_v out_o at_o high_a rate_n especial_o when_o intestine_a war_n make_v thing_n good_a cheap_a as_o mounseur_fw-fr bodine_n have_v observe_v in_o france_n and_o other_o place_n again_o when_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n be_v raise_v general_o with_o the_o price_n of_o money_n enhance_v 25._o p._n 25._o shall_v we_o contradict_v the_o same_o because_o one_o commodity_n as_o clove_n be_v not_o rise_v but_o sell_v as_o a_o staple_n ware_n likewise_o when_o money_n be_v not_o import_v when_o there_o be_v a_o loss_n by_o the_o bring_n of_o they_o again_o money_n decay_v of_o their_o price_n be_v import_v again_o shall_v we_o deny_v this_o principle_n when_o money_n be_v bring_v in_o be_v decry_v or_o make_v bullion_n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o jacobus_n and_o other_o coin_n have_v be_v of_o late_a in_o holland_n and_o those_o part_n which_o cause_v some_o quantity_n for_o a_o time_n to_o be_v import_v again_o when_o general_o all_o divine_n do_v interpret_v and_o understand_v the_o hebrew_n word_n neshech_n to_o be_v the_o bite_n of_o a_o dog_n or_o a_o gnaw_a as_o a_o dog_n do_v upon_o a_o bone_n concern_v usury_n which_o the_o learned_a doctor_n felton_n now_o bishop_n of_o ely_n and_o doctor_n wilson_n the_o civilian_n have_v so_o plain_o expound_v in_o their_o two_o treatise_n of_o usury_n 44._o p._n 44._o shall_v we_o disallow_v hereof_o because_o one_o rabbi_n bechai_n do_v take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o bite_n or_o suck_v of_o a_o serpent_n the_o general_a trade_n all_o the_o world_n over_o be_v make_v by_o the_o rule_n and_o square_v of_o money_n which_o be_v therefore_o call_v publica_fw-la mensura_fw-la in_o all_o country_n where_o money_n be_v use_v to_o set_v a_o price_n unto_o all_o commodity_n now_o albeit_o that_o there_o be_v some_o country_n where_o they_o have_v no_o money_n but_o commodity_n be_v barter_v by_o way_n of_o commutation_n in_o kind_n shall_v we_o abandon_v therefore_o the_o general_a rule_n or_o institution_n of_o money_n and_o judge_v by_o the_o particular_a or_o exception_n absit_fw-la ignoranti●_n misselden_n do_v confess_v 20._o p._n 20._o that_o money_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o man_n and_o man_n but_o exchange_n for_o money_n he_o utter_o deni_v to_o be_v so_o between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n this_o assume_v opinion_n of_o he_o by_o a_o certain_a chimaera_n swim_v in_o his_o brain_n may_v find_v some_o kind_n of_o entertainment_n in_o a_o weak_a man_n judgement_n if_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v not_o prohibit_v the_o transportation_n of_o money_n but_o where_o money_n be_v forbid_v to_o be_v carry_v out_o there_o must_v of_o necessity_n some_o other_o mean_n be_v find_v to_o answer_v the_o same_o unless_o we_o shall_v return_v again_o to_o the_o commutation_n of_o commodity_n in_o kind_n and_o then_o money_n will_v not_o be_v useful_a and_o this_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n this_o exchange_n for_o money_n can_v be_v otherwise_o but_o with_o a_o consideration_n of_o the_o very_a value_n of_o the_o material_n whereof_o the_o money_n be_v make_v for_o we_o do_v not_o exchange_v for_o cockle_n shell_n so_o that_o the_o inward_a value_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n by_o weight_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o this_o exchange_n as_o shall_v be_v declare_v and_o consequent_o this_o exchange_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n which_o all_o man_n will_v confess_v and_o to_o apply_v the_o common_a say_n 13._o p._n 13._o mendacem_fw-la oportet_fw-la esse_fw-la memorem_fw-la by_o way_n of_o retortion_n his_o own_o argument_n like_a unto_o goliath_n sword_n will_v convince_v he_o and_o take_v away_o the_o breath_n of_o his_o wilful_a opinion_n for_o

conclusion_n in_o the_o government_n of_o state-affair_n wherein_o he_o be_v a_o mere_a novice_n but_o my_o intention_n be_v to_o be_v brief_a and_o substantial_a to_o end_v therefore_o this_o matter_n of_o balance_n it_o may_v be_v think_v strange_a that_o some_o man_n will_v be_v seduce_v thereby_o 52._o discourse_v of_o the_o east_n india_n trade_n by_o t._n m._n p._n 49._o 52._o and_o give_v bridle_n to_o the_o present_a course_n of_o trade_n expect_v a_o overballance_n to_o happen_v on_o our_o side_n without_o remove_v of_o the_o cause_n after_o they_o have_v speak_v well_o concern_v exchange_n although_o they_o confess_v to_o be_v a_o ground_n as_o a_o matter_n much_o too_o high_a for_o their_o handle_n say_v that_o the_o abuse_n thereof_o be_v very_o prejudicial_a unto_o this_o kingdom_n in_o particular_a whilst_o in_o the_o interim_n the_o benefit_n do_v arise_v unto_o other_o country_n who_o diligent_o observe_v the_o price_n whereby_o the_o money_n be_v exchange_v may_v take_v advantage_n to_o carry_v away_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o this_o realm_n at_o those_o time_n when_o the_o rate_n of_o our_o starlin_n money_n in_o exchange_n be_v under_o the_o value_n of_o that_o standard_n unto_o which_o place_n they_o be_v convey_v for_o in_o respect_n the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n do_v rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n which_o be_v to_o be_v take_v up_o or_o deliver_v out_o the_o exchange_n be_v hereby_o rather_o become_v a_o trade_n for_o some_o great_a moneyed_a man_n than_o a_o furtherance_n and_o accommodation_n of_o recall_v trade_n of_o merchant_n as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o the_o true_a use_n thereof_o and_o thus_o many_o time_n money_n may_v be_v make_v over_o hither_o by_o stranger_n to_o a_o good_a gain_n and_o present_o carry_v beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o a_o second_o profit_n and_o yet_o the_o mischief_n end_v not_o here_o for_o by_o these_o mean_v the_o taker_n up_o of_o money_n in_o foreign_a country_n must_v necessary_o drive_v a_o trade_n to_o those_o place_n from_o whence_o they_o draw_v their_o money_n and_o so_o do_v fill_v we_o up_o with_o foreign_a commodity_n without_o the_o vent_n of_o our_o own_o ware_n etc._n etc._n and_o thus_o we_o see_v how_o the_o overballance_n of_o commodity_n be_v proceed_v from_o the_o abuse_n of_o exchange_n which_o over-rule_v money_n and_o money_n over-rule_v commodity_n as_o heretofore_o be_v manifest_o declare_v that_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o overballance_a of_o trade_n overballance_a vnderualuation_n of_o our_o money_n inexchange_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o overballance_a do_v appear_v upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o cause_n depend_v one_o upon_o another_o enforce_v by_o this_o primum-mobill_a as_o follow_v 1._o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n 2._o proceed_v of_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n which_o cause_v 3._o by_o gain_n the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n 4._o and_o debar_v by_o loss_n to_o be_v sustain_v the_o importation_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n 5._o hinder_v also_o the_o bring_n of_o royal_n of_o 8._o unto_o we_o be_v otherwise_o diver_v 6._o the_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v rise_v in_o price_n according_a to_o the_o money_n enhance_v 7._o the_o native_a commodity_n be_v in_o price_n undervalue_v according_a to_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n all_o which_o be_v fearful_a effect_n for_o the_o treasure_n be_v exhaunce_v the_o realm_n impoverish_v and_o money_n be_v make_v a_o merchandise_n and_o this_o can_v be_v cure_v but_o by_o the_o contrary_a as_o shall_v be_v declare_v in_o the_o remedy_n hitherto_o we_o have_v observe_v and_o manifest_o prove_v first_o that_o exchange_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o england_n and_o all_o place_n where_o we_o deal_v by_o exchange_n second_o that_o the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v undervalue_v in_o exchange_n between_o we_o and_o other_o country_n and_o three_o that_o gain_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n and_o that_o the_o say_a underualuation_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o overballance_a of_o trade_n and_o withal_o we_o have_v show_v that_o 〈◊〉_d conceit_a balance_n of_o trade_n propose_v by_o misselden_n can_v be_v but_o a_o trial_n and_o discovery_n of_o the_o overballance_a of_o trade_n without_o that_o it_o can_v produce_v any_o other_o benefit_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o his_o last_o balance_n we_o may_v perceive_v that_o all_o the_o commodity_n export_v and_o the_o commodity_n import_v yearly_a do_v amount_v unto_o five_o million_o or_o fifty_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n according_a to_o our_o observation_n in_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n now_o if_o the_o loss_n by_o exchange_n be_v but_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o which_o we_o have_v prove_v above_o threescore_o and_o ten_o it_o will_v amount_v to_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a 37._o p._n 37._o the_o loss_n whereof_o be_v great_a to_o the_o kingdom_n than_o all_o the_o money_n employ_v to_o the_o east_n indies_n come_v unto_o loss_n a_o incredible_a loss_n which_o misselden_n affirm_v to_o be_v a_o abominable_a untrueth_n which_o i_o can_v but_o retort_v upon_o he_o because_o he_o be_v unfortunate_a to_o find_v out_o the_o truth_n as_o shall_v be_v make_v more_o plain_a in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n for_o he_o be_v in_o league_n with_o equivocation_n in_o all_o his_o refutation_n which_o challenge_v to_o be_v cusen_n german_n to_o truth_n make_v his_o speech_n a_o centaur_n half_o a_o man_n half_o a_o horse_n or_o like_o one_o of_o the_o brood_n of_o nilus_n half_a earth_n half_a frog_n a_o thing_n both_o shapeless_a and_o shape_v in_o one_o mixture_n which_o it_o thus_o distinguish_v by_o the_o equinoctial_a in_o this_o place_n chap._n four_o a_o examination_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o commerce_n in_o the_o trade_n from_o england_n into_o other_o country_n the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n be_v the_o four_o zone_n or_o girdle_n by_o our_o distribution_n be_v to_o underprop_v and_o sustain_v by_o the_o gain_n of_o trade_n the_o say_a centre_n or_o gain_n within_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n not_o by_o a_o absolute_a power_n to_o be_v leave_v unto_o merchant_n in_o the_o manage_n of_o trade_n or_o in_o the_o dispose_n of_o money_n commodity_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n but_o by_o a_o direction_n ground_v upon_o law_n ordinance_n and_o proclamation_n for_o in_o regard_n of_o state_n affair_n merchant_n be_v ignorant_a in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n for_o asmuch_o as_o they_o do_v only_o study_v for_o private_a benefit_n so_o that_o they_o must_v have_v leader_n and_o conductor_n whereunto_o buck_n and_o goat_n have_v be_v compare_v in_o time_n past_a lead_v the_o silly_a sheep_n to_o feed_v in_o mountainous_a place_n to_o prove_v therefore_o that_o this_o be_v no_o new_a doctrine_n or_o invention_n of_o i_o as_o misselden_n allege_v let_v we_o enter_v into_o consideration_n of_o the_o follow_a observation_n before_o our_o intend_a examination_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o commerce_n in_o foreign_a trade●_n it_o be_v near_o 350._o year_n since_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o do_v erect_v the_o office_n of_o the_o king_n royal_a exchanger_n exchange_n ancient_a office_n of_o exchange_n which_o do_v continue_v successive_o by_o 16_o several_a letter_n patent_n of_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o money_n be_v preserve_v within_o the_o same_o and_o the_o commodity_n be_v orderly_o vent_v &_o the_o merchandise_v exchange_n be_v then_o unknown_a king_n edward_n the_o three_o do_v constitute_v diverse_a exchange_n 7._o 9_o e._n 3._o 7._o in_o sundry_a place_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o cause_v table_n of_o exchange_n to_o be_v set_v up_o at_o donor_n and_o elsewhere_o to_o answer_v the_o value_n of_o our_o money_n in_o the_o coin_n to_o be_v pay_v for_o it_o beyond_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o very_a value_n with_o some_o allowance_n to_o be_v give_v to_o accommodate_v merchant_n affair_n and_o traveller_n occasion_n the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o richard_n the_o second_o 2._o 5._o r._n 2._o 2._o and_o this_o be_v the_o true_a par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la 6._o 2._o h._n 6._o 6._o then_o use_v and_o continue_v by_o henry_n the_o sixth_o and_o edward_n the_o four_o 16._o 4._o e._n 4._o 16._o but_o more_o especial_o by_o that_o wise_a and_o politic_a prince_n 6._o 2._o h._n 6._o 6._o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o 6._o 3._o h._n 7._o 6._o absolute_o forbid_v the_o make_n of_o exchange_n and_o rechange_n for_o foreign_a part_n without_o the_o king_n especial_a licence_n have_v and_o obtain_v for_o the_o same_o to_o which_o end_n all_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n touch_v the_o direct_n and_o order_v of_o