Yardley Hastings Yardley so sirnam'd of the Hastings once Earls of Pembroke to whom it belong'd 3 And to turn a little aside I may not omit Horton when as King Henry 8. created Sir W. Par Lord thereof Uncle and Chamberlain to Queen Catharine Par Baron Par of Horton which honour shortly vanish'd with him when he left only daughters who were married into the families of Tresham and Lane But to return to Willingborow a market anciently Wedlingborough 4 And Wodlingborough made a Market by King John at the suit of the Monks of Crowland Here a rivulet from the east runs into it coming down by Rushton and Newton belonging to the Treshams by Geddington where there was a Castle of the Kings and where there yet remains a Cross erected in honour of Queen Eleanor King Edward 1.'s Consort by Boughton belonging to the family of Montacutes Knights e Lib. in ãâã in scaâcario by Kettering Kettering a well-traded market-town near which stands Rouwell a noted Horse-fair f by Burton the Barony likewise if I mistake not the name of Alan de Dinant for King Henry 1. gave him a Barony of that name in this County for killing the French King's Champion in single Combat at Gizors and by Harrouden the Lord whereof * Sir N. Nicholas Vaulx Baron Vaulx Governour of Guines in Picardy K. Hen. 8. created Baron Vaulx of Harrouden Hence the Nen keeps his course to Higham a town 5 In times past of the Peverells and after by them of the Ferrers formerly belonging to the Ferrers from whom it took the name of Higham-Ferrers Higham Ferrers who had here also their Castle the ruins whereof are yet to be seen near the Church But the chief ornament of this place was Henry Chicheley Archb. of Canterbury who founded here a fine College for Secular Clerks and Prebendaries Founder of All-souls in Oxford Matth. Parker as likewise an Hospital for the Poor Thence it runs by Addington anciently belonging to the Veres and washes Thorpston commonly call'd Thrapston â Belonging likewise to them and it 's opposite Drayton the seat in the last age of H. Green but afterwards by his daughter of John and Edward Stafford Earls of Wiltshire Now 't is the Lord Mordaunt's to whom it descended hereditarily from the Greens Gentlemen of great reputation in this County Thence it runs almost round about a pretty little town which takes it's name from it Oundale Oundale they call it corruptly for Avondale where there is nothing worth seeing but a fine neat Church a Free-school for the education of youth and an Alms-house founded by Sir William Laxton sometime Lord Mayor of London In the neighbourhood stands Barnwell Barnwell a little Castle lately repair'd and beautified with new buildings by the worthy Sir Edward Mont-acute Knight of the ancient family of the Mont-acutes as appears by his Coat of Arms. It formerly belong'd to Berengarius le Moigne that is Monk and not as some think to that Berengarius of Tours whose opinion concerning the Eucharist was condemn'd in a Synod â Of 113 Bishops held by the Bishop of Rome After this it salutes Fotheringhay-Castle Fotheringhay environ'd on every side with very pleasant Meadows which in Henry 3.'s time when the Strong-holds encourag'd the Nobility to revolt was surpris'd by William Earl of Albemarle who laid all the Country round about waste as Matth. Paris informs us At which time it seems to have belong'd to the Earls of Huntingdon 6 Who were of the Royal race of Scotland A good while after K. Edw. 3. assign'd it â Quast in hâeredicatem as it were for an inheritance or Appennage as they call it to his son Edmund of Langley Duke of York who rebuilt the Castle and made the highest Fortification or Keep thereof in form of a Horse-Fetter 7 Which hath of it self and with a Falcon in it was his Devise or Exprese as implying that he was locked up from all great hope as a younger brother which was the family of York's Device His son Edward Duke of York in the second year of Hen. 5. An. 1415. as appears by an Inscription there in barbarous verse founded a very fine Collegiate Church wherein himself after he was slain at the Battel of Agincourt as also Richard Duke of York his Brother's son who lost his life at Wakefield and his Wife Cicely Nevil had all magnificent monuments which were thrown down and ruin'd together with the upper part or Chancel of the Church 8 In King Edward the sixth's time But Queen Elizabeth commanded two monuments to be set up in memory of them in the lower end of the Church now standing which nevertheless such was their pinching and sparing who had the charge of the work are look'd upon as very mean and unworthy such great Princes descended from Kings and from whom the kings of England are descended 9 The form of the Keep beforesaid built like a Fetterlock occasioneth me to digress a little and I hope with your pardon when the gravest Authors in as small matters have done the like Edmund of Langly Duke of York who built that Keep and garnish'd the Glass-windows there with Fetter-locks when he saw his sons being young scholars gazing upon the painted windows ask'd them what was Latin for a Fetter-lock They studying and looking silently one upon another not able to answer If you cannot tell me says he I will tell you Hic haâc hoc Taceatis that is Hic haec hoc be silent and quiet and therewithal added God knoweth what may happen hereafter This King Edward the fourth his great grand-child reported publickly when he having attained the Crown created Richard his younger son Duke of York and then commanding that he should use for his badge the Fetter-lock open to verifie the presage of his great grand-father But this by the way The said Cicely Cicely Dutchess of York saw plainly within the compass of a few years what pastime â Impotens unruly and unconstant Fortune if I may so say creates her self out of the miseries of the mighty For she saw her husband Duke Richard even then when he thought himself sure of the kingdom and her son the Earl of Rutland slain together in a bloody battel and some few years after her eldest son Edward the fourth advanc'd to the * Deprived of the same recovering it again Crown and taken away by an untimely death having before made away â Her second son and c. his brother George Duke of Clarence After this she saw her son Richard K Rich. 3. forcing his way to the Crown by the lamentable murder of his Nephews and slander of her his own Mother for he charg'd her openly with incontinency then she saw him possess'd of the kingdom and soon after slain in battel These her miseries were so link'd together too that
his Thoughts of Education 8o. Dr. Hody of the Resurrection of the same Body 8o. Machiavel's Works compleat Fol. Boethius de Consolatione made English with Annotations by Richard Lord Viscount Preston 8o. Mr. Talent's Chronological Tables of Sacred and Prophane History from the Creation to the Year 1695. Bishop Wilkins of Prayer and Preaching enlarged by the Bishop of Norwich and Dr. Williams 8o. Mr. Tannner's Notitia Monastica 8o. Two Treatises of Government The first an Answer to Filmer's Patriarchae The latter an Essay concerning the true Original Extent and End of Civil Government 8o. The Fables of Aesop and other Mithologists made English by Sir Roger L'strange Kt. Fol. Three several Letters for Toleration Considerations about lowering the Interest and raising the Value of Money 8o. Sir William Temple's History of the Netherlands 8o. Miscellanea 8o. Mr. L'Clerc Logica 12o. Dr. Gibson's Anatomy of Human Bodies with Additions 8o. Dr. Patrick's new Version of the Psalms of David in Metre 12o. Mereton's Guide to Surveyers of the High-ways 8o. Sir Paul Ricaut's Lives of the Popes Fol. Sir Simon Dews's Journal of Parliaments Fol. Gentleman's Religion 12o. Two Treatises of Rational Religion 8o. Reprinting Leland De Viris Illustratibus and Boston of Bury from the MSS. with large Improvements and a Continuation by Mr. Tanner Sir Richard Baker's Chronicle of the King 's of England continued down to this time Cambridge Concordance Fol. THE LIFE OF M R. CAMDEN WILLIAM CAMDEN was born in the Old-Baily in London May 2. 1551 Diarie His father Sampson Camden was a Painter in London whither he was sent very young from Lichfield the place of his birth and education His mother was of the ancient Family of the See that County under the title Wirkinton and a MS. in Cott. Lib. sub Effigie Jul. F. 6. Curwens of Workinton in the County of Cumberland Where or how he was brought up till twelve years of age we must content our selves to be in the dark since his own Diarie gives us no insight into that part of his Life There is a tradition that he was Scholar of the Blew-coat Hospital in London which if true assures us that his Father left him very young because the particular constitution of the place admits of none but Orphans But the Fire of London which consum'd the Matriculation-books with the whole House has cut off all possibility of satisfaction in that point When he came to be twelve years old he was seiz'd by the Plague Peste correptus Islingtoniae Diar and remov'd to Islington near London Being fully recover'd he was sent to Paul's School where he laid the foundation of that niceness and accuracy in the Latin and Greek to which he afterwards arriv'd The meanness of his circumstances gave him no prospect of any great matters and yet his Friends were unwilling that such fine Parts should be lost and a Youth in all respects so promising be thrown away for want of encouragement Nothing was to be done without a Patron whose Favour might countenance him in his Studies and whose Interest might supply the narrowness of his Fortune At that time Dr. Cooper afterwards promoted to the Bishoprick of Lincoln and then to that of Winchester was Fellow of Magdalen-College in Oxford and Master of the School belonging to it To his care he was recommended and by his means probably admitted Chorister No project could have a better appearance upon all accounts For as his gradual advancement in that rich and ample Foundation would have been a settlement once for all so one in the Doctor 's station must on course carry a considerable stroke in the business of Elections But as promising as it look'd when it came to the push he miss'd of a Demie's place So defeated of his hopes and expectations in that College he was forc'd to look out for a new Patron and to frame a new Scheme for his future fortunes The next encouragement he found was from Dr. Thomas Thornton By him he was invited to Broad gate-Hall since call'd Pembroke-College where he prosecuted his Studies with great closeness and the Latin Graces us'd by the College at this day are said to be of his compiling Among his other acquaintance he was peculiarly happy in the two Carews Richard and George both of this Hall both very ingenious and both Antiquaries For tho' the first was a Member of Christ-church Wood's Athen. vol 1. p. 384. he had his Chamber in Broad gate-hall and Sir Baronage T. ââ 41â Bâown's addâtional notes to a catalogue of Scholars in University-Coâlegâ William Dugdale's affirming the second to have been of University-College seems occasion'd by two of the sirname being Members of this house about the same time I know not whether we may date his more settl'd inclination to Antiquities from this lucky familiarity and correspondence 'T is certain that nothing sets so quick an edge as the conversation of equals and 't is by some such accidents that men are generally determin'd in their particular Studies and Professions Here he continu'd almost three years in which time by his diligence and integrity he had settl'd himself so firmly in the good opinion of his Patron that when the Doctor was advanc'd to a Canonry of Christ-church See his Britannia p. 140. he carry'd him along with him and entertain'd him in his own Lodgings He was then scarce 20 years old an age wherein the study of Arts and Sciences and the want of a judgment solid enough excuse men from much application to the deep points of Religion and Controversie And yet even then his reputation upon that account cost him a very unlucky disappointment He stood for a Fellowship of All-Souls College but the Popish party such at least whose inclination lay that way whatever their Profession was out of an apprehension how little his advancement was like to make for their cause oppos'd it so zealously that it was carry'd against him Many years after upon an imputation of Popery which we shall have occasion to speak to by and by Epist 195 among other testimonies of his fidelity to the Church of England he urges this instance as one For the truth of it he appeals to Sir Daniel Dun then Fellow of the College and a person whose prudence and integrity recommended him more than once to the choice of the University in their Elections for Parliament-men After five years spent in the University and two remarkable disappointments in his endeavours towards a settlement his poor condition put him under a necessity of leaving that place Whether he had taken the Degree of Batchelour does not certainly appear That in June 1570. he supplicated for it is evident from the K K. fol. 95. b. Register of the University but no mention made of what answer he had Three years after he supplicated again for the same Degree and seems to have took it but never compleated it by Determinations However in the year 1588. Wood's Athen vol. 1. p. 409. he
which had been for some time buried under ground and was dug up a perfect stone More to the East Tuddington shews it's beautiful house lately built by H. Lord Cheney 12 Made by Queen Elizabeth Baron Cheyney of Tuddington built and shortly after dy'd sans-issue where also formerly Paulinus Pever a Courtier and Sewer to King Henry 3. did as Matth. Paris tells us build a seat with such palace-like grandeur such a Chapel such Lodgings with other houses of stone cover'd with lead and surrounded it with such â Pomoeââ avenues and parks that it rais'd an astonishment in the beholders We have not gone far from this place along by Hockley in the hole a dirty road extreme troublesome to travellers in winter time 13 For the old Englishmen our Progenitors call'd deep mire hock and hocks and through fields wherein are the best beans yielding a pleasant smell but by their fragrancy spoiling the scent of dogs not without the great indignation of the Hunters till we ascend a white hill into Chiltern and presently come to Dunstable Duâstabâe seated in a chalky ground pretty well inhabited and full of Inns. It has 4 streets answering the 4 quarters of the world and because of the dryness of the soil every one has 4 publick * Lacunâ ponds which tho' supply'd only with rain-water are yet never dry For springs they can come at none without digging 24 fathom deep In the middle of the town there is a Cross or rather a Pillar having engraven upon it the Arms of England Castile and Pontieu and adorn'd with Statues it was built by K. Edw. 1. in memory of his Queen Eleanor among some others in places through which she was carry'd 14 Out of Lincolnshire in Funeral pomp to Westminster There 's no manner of doubt to be made but that this was the Station which Antoninus the Emperour in his Itinerary mentions under the name of Magioninium Magiovinium Magiovinium and Magintum c Mr. Camden in his second edition 8o. settl'd it at Ashwell in Hertfordshire nor need it be sought in any other place For setting aside that it stands upon the Roman Military way the Swineherds now and then in the neighbouring fields find Coins of the Emperors which they call to this day Madning-money and at a little distance upon the very descent of Chiltern-hills there is a round military fortification such as Strabo has told us the British towns were It contains 9. acres and is call'd Madning-bowre and Madin-bowre a name wherein with a little variation one may easily discover Magintum But after Magintum either by the storms of war or time was destroy'd Henry 1. built another Town here with a Royal seat at Kingsbury and planted a Colony that should be a curb to the insolence of Robbers as the private History of the little Monastery which he founded for an ornament to his Colony does plainly testifie But take the very words of that private History tho' they savour something of the barbarity of that age It is to be observ'd that that * Aâea structure at the meeting of the way of Watling and Ikening d Primitus sartabatur in the folio edition but in the second which was in 8o. we find in the margin primitus succidebantur was first contriv'd by Henry the Elder of that name King of England to prevent the mischiefs of one Dun a famous Robber and his Gang and that from this Dun the place was call'd Dunstable i Our Lord the King built a burrough there and a Royal seat for himself near it The Burgesses were free in every thing as the other Burgesses of the King's Realm The King had in the same village a Fair and Market and afterwards built a Church wherein by the authority of Pope Eugenius 3. he plac'd Canons Regular feoffing the said Religious in the whole Burrough by Charter and granting them several immunities k 15 As for Leighton Buzard on the one side of Dunstable and Luton on the other neither have I read nor seen any thing memorable in them unless I should say that at Luton I saw a fair Church but the Quire then roofless and overgrown with weeds and adjoyning to it an elegant Chapel founded by J. Lord Wenlock and well maintained by the family of Rotheram planted here by Thomas Rotheram Archbishop of York and Chancellour of England in the time of King Edw. 4. Now of the Lords Dukes and Earls of Bedford Dâkes Earls and Barons of Bâââord First there were Barons of Bedford of the family of Beauchamp who by right of inheritance were Almoners to the Kings of England on their Coronation-day But the estate being divided by daughters to the Mowbrays Wakes and Fitz-Otes King Edward 3. made Engelram de Coucy Earl of Soissons in France 16 Son to Engelrame Lord of Coucy and his wife daughter to the Duke of Austria to whom he had marry'd a daughter first Earl of Bedford Afterwards Henry 5. erected Bedford into a Dukedom and it had three Dukes the first was John third son of Henry 4. who beat the French in a sea-engagement at the mouth of the Seine and again being made Regent of France 17 Slain in a land-fight at Vernolium He was bury'd at Roan and the Fortune of England as to the French wars was bury'd with him Whose monument while Charles 8. King of France was a viewing and a Nobleman stood by that advis'd him to pull it down Nay says he let him rest in peace now he 's dead whom France dreaded in the field while alive The second Duke of Bedford was George Nevil a young boy son of John Marquess of Montacute both of whom K. Edw 4. degraded by Act of Parliament almost assoon as he had set them up the father for treachery in deserting his party and the son out of revenge to the father Tho' it was indeed urg'd as a pretence that he had not estate enough to bear out the grandeur of a Duke and that great men when they want answerable Fortunes are always a plague and burthen to their neighbours The third was Jasper de Hatfeld Earl of Pembroke honour'd with this title by his * Nepote grandchild Hen. 7. whom he had sav'd out of very great dangers but 18 Some ten years after his creation he tho' he liv'd to a great age dy'd unmarry'd But within the memory of our Fathers it return'd to the title of an Earldom when King Edward 6. created John Russel Earl of Bedford who was succeeded by his son 19 Sir Francis Francis a person of that piety and gentile easiness of temper that whatever I can possibly say in his commendation will fall infinitely short of his Virtues He left Edward his successor and grandchild by his son Francis who is growing up by degrees to the honour of his Ancestors This little County has 116 Parishes ADDITIONS to BEDFORDSHIRE a ON the west-side of
the Church is roof'd with lofty Arches of square work â Pari commissura the joints answering one another but on both sides it is enclos'd with a double Arch of stones firmly cemented and knit together Moreover the Cross of the Church made to encompass the middle Quire of the â Canentium Domino Singers and by its double supporter on each side to bear up the lofty top of the middle tower first rises singly with a low and strong arch then mounts higher with several winding stairs artificially ascending and last of all with a single wall reaches to the wooden roof well cover'd with lead But 160 years after Henry the third demolish'd this Fabrick of Edward's and erected a new one of curious workmanship supported by several rows of marble Pillars and leaded over which was fifty years in building This the Abbots very much enlarg'd towards the west and Henry the seventh for the burial of himself and * Suorum his children added to the east part of it a Chapel of a most neat and admirable contrivance call'd by Leland the miracle of the world for you 'd say that all the Art in the world is crowded into this one work wherein is to be seen his own most splendid and magnificent Monument made of solid brass q After the expulsion of the Monks it had several revolutions first it had a Dean and Prebendaâies next one single Bishop Thomas Thurlbey who after he had squander'd away the revenues of the Church gave it up and surrender'd it 42 Surrender'd it to the spoil of Courtiers to the Dean Presently after the Monks and their Abbot were restor'd by Queen Mary but they being quickly ejected by Authority of Parliament Queen Elizabeth converted it into a Collegiate Church nay I may say a Nursery of the Church For she settl'd twelve Prebendaries as many old Souldiers past service forty Scholars calld King's Scholars sent successively to the Universities and thence transplanted into Church and State c. Over all these she constituted a Dean 43 Over these she plac'd Dr. Bill Dean whose Successor was which dignity not long since was honourably bore by Dr. Gabriel Goodman a person of singular worth and integrity and a particular Patron both to me and my studies There were bury'd in this Church to run over those likewise in order Princes bury'd in Westminster-Abbey and according to their Dignity and the time when they dy'd Sebert first 44 And first Christian King of the East-Angles Harold bastard-son of Canutus the Dane King of England St. Edward King and Confessor with his Queen Editha Maud wife to King Henry the first and daughter to Malcolm King of Scots Henry the third Edward the first his son with Eleanor his wife daughter to Ferdinand third King of Castile and Leon. King Edward the third and Philippa of Hanault his wife Richard the second and Anne his wife sister of the Emperour Wenzelaus Henry the fifth with his wife Catharine daughter of Charles the sixth King of France Anne wife of Richard the third and daughter of Richard Nevil Earl of Warwick Henry the seventh with his wife Elizabeth 45 Daughter to King Edward 4. and his mother Margaret Countess of Richmond K. Edward the sixth Anne of Cleve fourth wife to K. Henry 8. Queen Mary and one not to be mention'd without the highest expressions both of respect and sorrow I mean our late most serene Lady Queen Elizabeth Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory the darling of England a Princess endow'd with heroick Vertues Wisdom and a greatness of Mind much beyond her Sex and incomparably skill'd both in Things and Languages Here she lyes bury'd in a stately Monument erected for her out of a pious veneration by King James But alas how inconsiderable is that Monument in comparison of the noble qualities of so great a Lady She her self is her own Monument and a more magnificent and sumptuous one too than any other For let those noble actions recommend her to the praise and admiration of Posterity RELIGION REFORM'D PEACE ESTABLISHT MONEY REDUC'T TO ITS TRUE VALUE A MOST COMPLEAT FLEET BUILT NAVAL GLORY RESTOR'D REBELLION SUPPRESS'D ENGLAND FOR XLIIII YEARS TOGETHER MOST PRUDENTLY GOVERN'D ENRICHT AND STRENGTHEN'D SCOTLAND FREED FROM THE FRENCH FRANCE IT SELF RELIEV'D THE NETHERLANDS SUPPORTED SPAIN AW'D IRELAND QUIETED AND THE WHOLE WORLD TWICE SAIL'D ROUND The Dukes and Lords that have been bury'd here are Edmund Earl of Lancaster younger son to King Hen. 3. Avelina de Fortibus Countess of Albemarle his wife William and Audomar de Valentia of the family of Lusignia Earls of Pembroke Alphonse John and other Children of K. Edward 1. John de Eltham Earl of Cornwall son of K. Edward 2. Thomas de Woodstock Duke of Glocester youngest son of Edw. 3. with others of his children Eleanor daughter and heir of Humfrey Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex wife to Thomas de Woodstock the young daughters of Edw. 4. and Hen. 7. Henry young son of Hen. 8. who dy'd at 2 months old Sophia daughter of K. James 1. who dy'd â Primo aetatis diluculo almost assoon as born Philippa Dutchess of York Lewis Viscount Robsert of Hanault in right of his wife Lord Bourchier Anne the young daughter and heir of John Moubray D. of Norfolk betroth'd to Rich. D. of York younger son to K. Edw. 4. 46 Sir Giles Daubeney Giles Daubeney Lord Chamberlain to K. Hen. 7. and his wife of the family of the Arundels in Cornwall Viscount Welles Frances Brandon Dutchess of Suffolk Mary her daughter Margaret Douglas Countess of Lenox grand-mother to James K. of Great Britain with Charles her son Winefrid Bruges Marchioness of Winchester Anne Stanhop Dutchess of Somerset and Jane her daughter Anne Cecil Countess of Oxford daughter of Baron Burghley Lord high Treasurer of England with her mother Mildred Burghley Elizabeth Berkley Countess of Ormond Frances Sidney Countess of Sussex 47 James Butler instead of Thomas Butler Thomas Butler Viscount Thurles son and heir of the Earl of Ormond Besides Humfrey Bourchier Lord Cromwell another 48 Sir Humfrey Bourchier Humfrey Bourchier son and heir of the Lord Berners both slain in Barnet-fight 49 Sir Nicholas Carew Baron Carew instead of Nicholas Baron Carew Nicholas Baron Carew the Baroness of Powis Thomas Baron Wentworth Thomas Baron Wharton John Lord Russel Thomas Bromley Lord Chancellour of England Douglasia 50 H. Howard Howard daughter and heir of Viscount Bindon wife of 51 Sir Arthur Gorges Arthur Gorge Elizabeth daughter and heir of Edward Earl of Rutland wife of William Cecil 52 Sir John Puckering John Puckering Keeper of the Great Seal of England Frances Howard Countess of Hertford Henry and George Cary father and son Barons of Hunsdon and Lord Chamberlains to Q. Elizabeth the heart of Anne Sophia the young daughter of Christopher Harley Count de Beaumont Embassador in England from
The Church of York was by the Princes of that time endow'd with many large possessions especially by Ulphus the son âf Toraldus which I the rather note from an old bâok that a strange way of endowing heretofore may be took notice of This Ulphus govern'd in the west parts of Deira and by reason of a difference like to happen between his eldest son and his youngest about the Lordships after his death he presently took this course to make them equal Without delay he went to York and taking the horn wherein he was wont to drink with him he fill'd it with wine and kneeling upon his knees before the Altar bestow'd upon God and the blessed S. Peter Prince of the Apostles all his Lands and Tenements This horn was kept there to the last age as I have been informed It would seem to reflect upon the Clergy if I should relate the emulations and scuffles which ambition has raised between the two Sees of York and Canterbury whilst with great expence of money but more of reputation they warmly contended for pre-eminence T. ãâã r This Controversie was determin'd in Arch-bishop Thoresby's time A. D. 1353. at the special solicitation of King Edward â qui corpoâum animarum pericula considerans ac pacem quietem populi sui affectans dictos Archiepiscopos ad pacis concordiam invitavit Yet so as that the Arch-bishops of York might legally write themselves Primate of England Anglia Sacra par 1. p. 74. For as one relates it the See of York was equal in dignity tho' it was the younger and the poorer sister and this being raised to the same power that the See of Canterbury was and endowed with the same Apostolical privileges took it very heinously to be made subject by the decree of P. Alexander declaring that the Arch-bishoprick of York ought to yield to that of Canterbury and pay an obedience to her as Primate of all Britain in all her Constitutions relating to the Christian Religion It falls not within the compass of my design to treat of the Arch-bishops of this See many of whom have been men of great virtue and holiness 'T is enough for me to observe that from the year 625. when Paulinus the first Arch-bishop was consecrated there have succeeded in it threescore and five Arch-bishops The ãâã sixth Aââbishâp to the year 1606. in which D. Tobias Matthews Venerable for his virtue and piety for his learned eloquence and for his indefatigable industry in teaching was translated hither from the Bishoprick of Durham mm This City very much flourish'd for some time under the Saxon Government till the Danish storms from the North began to rush on and spoil'd its beauty again by great ruins and dismal slaughter Which Alcuin in his Epistle to Egelred King of the Northumbrians seems to have foretold For he says What can be the meaning of that shower of blood which in Lent we saw at York the Metropolis of the Kingdom near St. Peter's Church descending with great horrour from the roof of the North part of the House in a clear day May not one imagine that this forebodes destruction and blood among us from that quarter For in the following age when the Danes laid every thing they came at waste and desolate this City was destroy'd with continual sufferings In the year 867. the walls of it were so shaken by the many assaults made upon them that Osbright and Ella Kings of Northumberland as they pursued the Danes in these parts easily broke into the City and after a bloody conflict in the midst of it were both slain leaving the victory to the Danes who had retired hither Hence that of William of Malmesbury York ever most obnoxious to the fury of the northern nations hath sustained the barbarous assaults of the Danes and groaned under the miseries it hath suffered But as the same author informs us King Athelstan took it from the Danes and demolish'd that castle wherewith they had fortified it Nor in after-ages was it quite rid of those wars in that especially which was so fatal for the subversion of Cities But the Normans as they put an end to these miseries so they almost brought destruction to York For when the sons of Sueno the Dane arrived here with a fleet of two hundred and forty sail Aâfâââ ãâã the ãâã of the ãâã Burleââ Treasââ of Eâgâ and landed hard by the Normans who kept garrison in two castles in the city fearing lest the houses in the suburbs might be serviceable to the enemy in filling up the trenches set them on fire which was so encreased and dispersed by the wind that it presently spread about the whole city and set it all on fire In this disorder and hurry the Danes took the town putting the Townsmen and the Normans to the sword with great slaughter yet sparing William Mallet and Gilbert Gant the principal men among them for a Decimation Deciââââon among the soldiers afterwards For every tenth prisoner of the Normans on whom the lot fell was executed Which so exasperated William the Conquerour that as if the citizeâs had sided with the Danes he cut them all off and set the City again on fire and as Malmesbury says so spoiled all the adjacent territory that a fruitful Province was quite disabled and useless that the country for sixty miles together lay so much neglected that a stranger would have lamented at the sight of it considering that formerly here had been fine cities high towers and rich pastures and that no former inhabitant would so much as know it The ancient greatness of the place may appear from Domesday In the time of Edward the Confessor the City of York contained six Shires or Divisions besides the Shire of the Archbishop One was wasted for the castles in the five remaining Shires there were 1428 houses inhabited and in the Shire of the Archbishop two hundred houses inhabited After all these overthrows Necham sings thus of it Visito quam foelix Ebraucus condidit urbem Petro se debet Pontificalis apex Civibus haec toties viduata novisque repleta Diruta prospexit moenia saepe sua Quid manus hostilis queat est experta frequenter Sed quid nunc pacis otia longa fovent There happy Ebrauk's lofty towers appear Which owe their mitre to St. Peter's care How oft in dust the hapless town hath lain How oft it's walls hath chang'd how oft it's men How oft the rage of sword and flames hath mourn'd But now long peace and lasting joy 's return'd For in his days these troublesome times being followed with a long and happy peace this city began to revive and continued flourishing notwithstanding it was often marked out for destruction by our own Rebels and the Scotch Yet in King Stephen's time it was most sadly ruined again by a casual fire which burnt down the Cathedral St. Mary's Monastery and other Religious houses and also as 't is supposed that
Falkirk but we need not here be particular in the Description of it designing a separate discourse upon that subject at the end of this Kingdom SELGOVAE BEneath the Gadeni to the South and West where now lie the small Territories of Liddesdale Eusdale Eskdale Annandale and Nidisdale q To which add Wachopdale so called from Rivulets running through them which all lose themselves in Solway-Frith were anciently seated the Selgovae the reliques of whose name seem to me whether to others too I knâw not to remain in the name Solway IN Liddesdale ââddâsâââe we have a high prospect of Armitage so called because anciently dedicated to a solitary life But now it is a very strong Castle which belonged to the Hepburnes who deduce their Original from a certain English Captive whom the Earl of March for delivering him out of a danger much enriched They were Earls of Bothwell âârls of ââthwell and for a long time Admirals of Scotland by inheritance But by a sister of James Earl of Bothwell last of the Hepburnes ââpburnes married to John Prior of Coldingham a natural son of K. James 5. who had several such issue both title and estate devolved to his son Hard by is Brakensey ââakensey the seat of the warlike Family of Baclugh âââd ââclugh sirnamed Scot with many other little Forts of men of Arms up and down the Country In Eusdale Eusdale I should be apt to think from the affinity of the name that the ancient Uzellum Uzellum mentioned by Ptolemy lay upon the River Euse In Eskdale Eskdale some are of opinion that the Horesti Horesti dwelt into whose borders Julius Agricola after he had subdued the Britains that inhabited this Tract led the Roman Army especially if we read Horesci for Horesti For the British Ar-Esc signifies a place by the River Eske As for Aesica in Eskdale I have spoken of it before in England and need not repeat it here a ANNANDALE JOined to this on the west-side lies Annandale Annandale that is the Valley or Dale upon the river Annan into which the access by land is very difcult The places of greatest note are a Castle upon Lough-Maban Lough-Maban which is three parts surrounded with water and strongly walled And Annandale Town almost upon the very mouth of the river Annan divested of all its glory by the English War in the reign of Edward 6. In this Territory the Jonstons The Jonstons are men of greatest name a family born for Wars between whom and the Maxwells who by ancient right preside over the Stewartry The Stewartry of Annandale for so 't is term'd there hath been too long an open enmity and defiance even to bloodshed This Valley Edgar King of the Scots upon his restoration to his Kingdom by the Auxiliaries he had out of England gave for his good services to Robert Brus The Bruses Lord of Cleaveland in the County of York who bestowed it by the King's permission upon Robert his younger son being unwilling himself to serve the King of Scots in his Wars From him are branched the Bruses Lords of Annandale of whom Robert Bruse married Isabella the daughter of William King of Scots by the daughter of Robert Avenel his son likewise Robert the third of that name married the daughter of David Earl of Huntingdon and Garioth whose son Robert sirnamed the Noble upon the failure of the issue of Alexander the third King of Scotland challenged in his mother's right the Kingdom of Scotland before Edward I. K. of England as the direct and superior Lord of the Kingdom of Scotland as the English give out or as an Honorary Arbitrator as the Scots will have it as being more nearly related in degree and bloud to King Alexander the third and to Margaret daughter to the King of Norway although a second sister's son Who soon after resigning up his own right granted and gave over to his son Robert Brus Earl of Carrick and to his heirs I speak out of the very Original all the right and claim which he had or might have to the Kingdom of Scotland But the point was determined in favour of John Baliol who sued for his right as descended from the eldest sister though in a more remote degree in these words Because the person more remote in the second degree descending in the first line is to be preferred before a nearer in the second line in the succession of an inheritance that cannot be parted Nevertheless the said Robert son to the Earl of Carriot by his valour possess'd himself of the Kingdom and establish'd it in his posterity A Prince who as he was illustrious for his glorious Actions so did he successfully triumph over Fortune so often his Adversary with a courage and presence of mind invincible b NIDISDALE CLose to Annandale on the West lies Nidisdale abounding in arable and pasture grounds so named from the River Nid The River Nid by Ptolemy falsely written Nobius for Nodius or Nidius of which name there are other Rivers in Britain full of muddy shallows as this Nid is It springs out of the Lake Lough-Cure upon which stood anciently Corda Corda a Town of the Selgovae It takes its course first by Sanqhar a Castle of the Creightons The Creightons Barons of Sanqhar who were long honoured with the Title of Barons of Sanqhar and the authority of hereditary Sheriffs of Nidisdale next by Morton Earls of Morton which gave the Title of Earl to some of the family of Douglass of which others are seated at Drumlanrig upon the same River near the mouth whereof stands Dunfreys Dunfreys between two Hills the most flourishing Town of this Tract which still shews its ancient Castle a Town famous for its woollen Manufacture and remarkable for the murder of John Commin a man of the greatest Interest amongst the Scots whom Robert Brus lest he should oppose his coming to the Crown ran through in the Church and easily got a pardon of the Pope for a murder committed in a sacred place Nearer to its mouth Solway a Village still retains somewhat of the old name of Selgovae Upon the very mouth is situated Caer-Laverock Caer-Laverock Ptolemie's Carbantorigum a Fort looked upon as impregnable when K. Edw. I. accompanied with the flower of the English Nobility besieged and took it But now 't is a weak Mansion-House of the Barons Maxwell who being of ancient Nobility were long Wardens of these Western Marches and lately advanced by a marriage with a Daughter and Coheir of the Earl of Morton whereby John Lord Maxwell was decâared Earl of Morton as also by the Daughter and Heir of Hereis Lord Toricles whom J. a second son took to wife and had by her the title of Baron Hereis Barons Hereis In this valley also upon the lake lies Glencarn Glencaââ of which the Cunninghams about whom I shall speak
and his Sister Isabel de Albeny Countess of Arundel Isabel the second Sister was married to Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester she had Richard de Clare Earl of Glocester and the Lady Anise Countess of * Perhaps âevonia Averna âââe uxoris who was Mother of Isabel the â Mother of the Lord Robert Brus Earl of Carrick in Scotland afterwards King of that Nation âis place ãâã corrupââd From Eva Brus the third Sister descended Maud the Mother of the Lord Edmund Mortimer Mother of the Lady Eva de Cauntelow Mother of the Lady Milsoud de Mohun who was Moââer to Dame Eleanor Mother to the Earl of Hereford Joan âarshall the fourth Sister was married to the Lord Guarin of Mount âhinsey and had Issue Joan de Valens Sybil Countess of Ferââs the fifth Sister had Issue seven Daughters the eldest call'd ââgnes Vescie Mother of the Lord John and the Lord William Vesââe the second Isabel Basset the third Joan Bohun Wife to the âord John Mohun Son of the Lord Reginald the fourth Sibyl âohun Wife to the Lord Francis Bohun Lord of Midhurst the fifth Eleanor Vaus Wife to the Earl of Winchester the sixth * Agatha Agas Mortimer Wife to the Lord Hugh Mortimer ââe seventh Maud Kyme Lady of Karbry These are all both âales and Females the Posterity of the said William Earl Marshal MCCXX. The Translation of S. Thomas of Canterbury The ââme year died the Lord Meiler Fitz-Henry founder of Connal ând was buried in the Chapter-House of the said Foundation MCCXXIV The Castle of Bedford was besieg'd and the Castle âf Trim in Ireland MCCXXV Died Roger Pippard and in the year MCCXXVIII ââed William Pippard formerly Lord of the Salmon-leap This âear died likewise Henry Londres alias Scorch-Villeyn Archbishop âf Dublin and was buried in trinity-Trinity-church there MCCXXX Henry King of England gave Hubert Burk ââe Justiceship and the Third Penny of Kent and âade him also Earl of Kent Afterward the same Hubert was ââprison'd and great Troubles arose between the King and his ââbjects because he adher'd to Strangers more than to his own naââral Subjects MCCXXXI William Mareschall the younger Earl Marshal and âarl of Pembrock departed this life and was buried in the Quire âf the Friers Predicants in Kilkenny MCCXXXIV Richard Earl Mareschall Earl of Pembrock and ârogull was wounded in a Battel in the Plain of Kildare on the ââst day before the Ides of April and some few days after died in Kilkeny and there was buried hard by his * Girmanum natural Brother viz. William in the Quire of the Friers Predicants Of whom this was written Cujus sub fossa Kilkennia continet ossa MCCXL Walter Lacy Lord of Meth died this year in Engâând leaving two Daughters to inherit his Estate of whom the âârst was married to Sir Theobald Verdon and the second to Gefâery de Genevile MCCXLIII This year died Hugh Lacy Earl of Ulster and âas buried in Cragsergus in the Convent of the Friers Minors âeaving a Daughter who was married to Walter Burk Earl of Ulster The same year died Lord Gerald Fitz-Maurice and Lord âichard de Burgo MCCXLVI An Earthquake about nine of the Clock over all âhe West MCCXLVIII Sir John Fitz-Geffery came Lord Justiciary into âreland MCCL. Lewis King of France and William Long-Espee were âaken Prisoners with many others by the Saracens In Ireland Maccanewey a Son of Belial was slain in Leys as he deserv'd In the year MCCLI. The Lord Henry Lacy was born Upon Christmas-day likewise Alexander King of Scots in the 11th year of his Age was then contracted with Margaret the daughter of the King of England at York MCCLV Alan de la Zouch was made and came Justiciary into Ireland MCCLVII This year died the Lord Maurice Fitz-Gerald MCCLIX Stephen Long-Espee came Justiciary into Ireland The green Castle in Ulster was demolish'd William Dene was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXI The Lord John Fitz-Thomas and the Lord Maurice his Son were slain in Desmond by Mac Karthy Item William Dene Justiciary dy'd and Sir Richard Capel put in his room the same year MCCLXII Richard Clare Earl of Glocester died this year as also Martin de Maundevile on the morrow of S. Bennet's day MCCLXIV Maurice Fitz-Gerald and Maurice Fitz-Maurice took Prisoners Richard Capel the Lord Theobald Botiller and the Lord John Cogan at Tristel-Dermot MCCLXVII David de Barry was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXVIII Comin Maurice Fitz-Maurice was drown'd The Lord Robert Ufford was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXIX The Castle of Roscoman was begun this year Richard of Exeter was made Justiciary MCCLXX The Lord James de Audley came Justiciary into Ireland MCCLXXI Henry the son of the King of Almain was slain in the Court of Rome Plague Famine and Sword rag'd this year particularly in Meth. Nicholas de Verdon and his Brother John were slain Walter de Burgo Earl of Ulster died MCCLXXII The Lord James Audley Justiciary of England was kill'd by a fall from his Horse in Tothomon and was succeeded in this Office by the Lord Maurice Fitz-Maurice MCCLXXIII The Lord Geffery Genevile return'd from the Holy Land and was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXXIV Edward the son of King Henry was anointed and crown'd King of England by Robert Kilwarby a Frier-Predicant Archbishop of Canterbury upon S. Magnus the Martyr's day in the Church of Westminster in the presence of all the Nobility and Gentry His Protestation and Oath was in this form I Edward son and heir of King Henry do profess protest and promise before God and his holy Angels from this time forward to maintain without partiality the Law Justice and Peace of the Church of God and the People subject unto me so far as we can devise by the counsel of our liege and legal Ministers as also to exhibit due and canonical Honour to the Bishops of God's Church to preserve unto them inviolably whatsoever has been granted by former Emperors and Kings to the Church of God and to pay due Honour to the Abbots and the Lord's Ministers according to the advice of our Lieges c. so help me God and the holy Gospels of the Lord. This year died the Lord John Verdon and the Lord Thomas de Clare came into Ireland And William Fitz-Roger Prior of the Hospitallers was taken Prisoner at Glyndelory with many others and more slain MCCLXXV The Castle of Roscoman was built again The same year Modagh was taken Prisoner at Norragh by Sir Walter le Faunte MCCLXXVI Robert Ufford was made Justiciary of Ireland upon the surrender of Geffery de Genevill MCCLXXVII O Brene slain MCCLXXVIII The Lord David Barry died this year as also the Lord John Cogan MCCLXXIX The Lord Robert d'Ufford went into England and appointed Frier Robert de Fulborne Bishop of Waterford to supply his place In whose time the Mony was chang'd A Round Table was also held at Kenylworth by Roger Lord Mortimer MCCLXXX Robert d'Ufford return'd from England
to the affairs of their neighbours than the Nations of Europe have since been to one another They would not be at the pains to view and they wanted Maps to let them see at a distance so every thing that inform'd was kindly receiv'd and a Work was lookt upon as a mighty project which at present would be but coldly entertain'd Now to take an estimate of matters barely by their names and to frame idea's of what 's past by the present condition of things is a very dangerous way of arguing Altogether as unreasonable as if upon hearing an Historian make a bustle about the Wars between the Romans and Sabines and very formally drawing up the Armies on both sides a man should presently conclude that each of them could not be less than a hundred thousand strong When all the while their set Battels would hardly amount to a sally or a skirmish at this day If men would carry this consideration along with them they might find that the change of things between the times of these two Authors had render'd a good part of the former's Itinerary altogether unuseful to the Britannia of the latter The contrivance of Maps had given them at once a view of the whole Kingdom and the correspondence occasion'd by the improvement of Trade and Commerce had inform'd every Mechanick in what before would have been a good discovery That he had seen the Itinerary of Leland he does not deny That he likewise made use of it is plain because he has told us so in several parts of his Book But do not they two very often jump without any mention of Leland's name It 's very true they do but suppose I say that Canterbury is a City that there is a stately Castle at Windsor that Oxford is an University am I therefore a Plagiary because Leland or any man else has said so before me Suppose also I observe that St. Austin repair'd an old Church at Canterbury that St. Cuthbert was the Saint of Durham can any man have so little sense as to fall upon me because I make use of Bede's authority rather than Leland's Can we think Mr. Camden travell'd England with his eyes shut Or if he carried them open that he could not distinguish a Wood from a Fenn or a Mountain from a Meadow as well as the rest of Mankind And why then all this pother about Plagiarism He set out with a prodigious stock of Learning almost in all kinds he survey'd the greatest part of England he had access to all Libraries and Records had the assistance of Learned men both at home and abroad and if any can believe that one of Mr. Camden's temper would make no use of these opportunities but rather spend thirty years in piecing up the remains of others let him enjoy his own opinion All I can say is that the publication of Leland's Itinerary would be the best defence of Mr. Camden In the year 1607. he put the last hand to his Britannia which gain'd him the titles of the Varro Strabo and Pausanias of Britain in the Writings and Letters of Learned men Nor did it ever after meet with any enemies that I know of only Letter to Bp. Usher Sir Simon D'Ewes encourag'd us to hope for Animadversions upon the Work after he had observ'd to a very great man that there was not a page in it without a fault But it was only threatning and neither the World was the better nor Mr. Camden's Reputation e're the worse for it One cannot well conceive how the compass of a man's Life should have brought a Work of this nature to greater perfection But alas it had but a small share in his hours Yet tho' his time was divided the whole was spent in the Service of the Publick He was always either exciting the present Age to Virtue and Honour by representing to them the Venerable Monuments of their Ancestors or laying a Foundation for the happiness of Posterity by forming Youth into Religion and Learning They are two Professions that seem to look quite different ways and yet he manag'd them to such advantage that if he had been continually abroad 't is hard to imagine how the Antiquary could have been better or if constantly in the School how the Master could have been more diligent He was not content to train up those who were under his immediate care unless like the good old Orator he put himself in a condition to be a Guide to them even after it should please Providence to remove him His Predecessor Dr. Edward Grant had compos'd a Greek Grammar for the use of his School This Mr. Camden by long experience had found to be in several things deficient and in the whole frame not so well suited to the design as one would desire So he contriv'd a Scheme of his own the effect of two and twenty years observation the method whereof upon the publication appear'd to be so clear easie and compendious that it has ever since been taught in most Schools throughout England as the best Introduction to that Language While he was consulting the interest of the Living he did not forget to pay a just Veneration to the Dead When the fatigue of the School oblig'd him to look out for a little recreation he refresht his Spirits by viewing the stately Monuments of Antiquity Those I mean which are erected to the memory of the Kings Queens and Nobility of England in the Cathedral Church of Westminster And that it might not be in the power of time or revolutions to deprive Posterity of the same pleasure he copy'd them all out and publisht them in the year 1600. with an Historical Account of the Foundation of that Church He had also took some pains in collecting the Monuments in the Churches and Chapels of the University of Oxford as appears from the Fragments of them still remaining But this was only the fruit of his spare hours and the business of a particular place The next publick Service was his Volume of English Historians publisht at Francfort in the year 1603. and dedicated to his Patron Sir Fulk Grevil as an acknowledgment for the good office he had done him when he was promoted to be King at Arms. This it was that freed him from the attendance of the School that put his time in his own disposal and like the Mantuan Poet he was not ungrateful to his Maecenas nor forgot to pay the first-fruits of his ease and quiet to this his Benefactor Part of them were never before publisht and such as had seen the light he sent abroad much more correct and accurate What great light they give into the affairs of the English Normans Irish and Britains is no news to those who think it worth their while to look into the Histories of their own Kingdom And if these few be of so much consequence what might be expected from the whole body of our English Historians If but a little taste be so delightful what
Sollicitor Mr. Camden then Clarentieux my self and some others Of these the Lord Treasurer Sir Robert Cotton Mr. Camden and my self had been of the original Foundation and to my knowledge were all then living of that sort saving Sir John Doderidge Knight Justice of the King 's Bench. We held it sufficient for that time to revive the Meeting and only conceiv'd some Rules of Government and Limitation to be observ'd amongst us whereof this was one That for avoiding offence we should neither meddle with matters of State nor of Religion And agreeing of two Questions for the next Meeting we chose Mr. Hackwell to be our Register and the Convocator of our Assemblies for the present and supping together so departed One of the Questions was touching the Original of the Terms about which as being obscure and generally mistaken I bestow'd some extraordinary pains that coming short of others in understanding I might equal them if I could in diligence But before our next meeting we had notice that his Majesty took a little mislike of our Society not being enform'd that we had resolv'd to decline all matters of State Yet hereupon we forbare to meet again and so all our labours lost But mine lying by me and having been often desir'd of me by some of my Friends I thought good upon a review and augmentation to let it creep abroad in the form you see it wishing it might be rectified by some better judgment The Manuscript is now in the Bodleian Library and any one who has leisure to compare the printed Copy with it will find the Additions under Sir Henry's own hand to be so considerable that he will have no occasion to repent of his labour Thus much for his Education his Works his Friends Let us now view him in his Retirement He found the noise and hurry of business extremely injurious to a broken Constitution that was every day less able to bear it and thought it was time to contract his thoughts and make himself more Master of his hours when he had so few before him Thus when he was towards sixty years of Age he took a House at Chesilhurst some ten miles from London where he liv'd till his dying day and compil'd the greatest part of the Annals of Queen Elizabeth About two years before his death when the pains and aches of old Age had made him in a great measure uncapable of study he enter'd upon another method of serving the Publick by encouraging others in the same search He was not content to have reviv'd Antiquity to have nurs'd and train'd her up with the utmost care and tenderness unless like an indulgent Father he provided her a Fortune and laid a firm Foundation for her future Happiness It was a design he had many years before resolv'd upon witness the Conclusion of his Britannia Nihil aliud nunc restat c. quà m ut Deo Opt. Max. Venerandae Antiquitati Anathema consecrarem quod libens merito nunc voveo c. This was his pious Vow and he was willing to see it discharg'd e're he dy'd Where to bestow this Charity was a point that did not cost him much thought his own Education and other Circumstances gave the University of Oxford a sort of title So after he had settl'd every thing in due form of Law he sent down his Gift by the hands of his intimate Friend Mr. Heather On the seventeenth day of May in the year 1622. Dr. Piers Dean of Peterburrow and then Vice-Chancellor declar'd in Convocation how Mr. Camden had sounded a History-Lecture and for the Maintenance of a Professor had transferr'd over all his right in the Manour of Bexley in Kent to the Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the said University With this Proviso That the Profits of the said Manour valu'd at about 400 l. per Annum should be enjoy'd by William Heather his Heirs and Executors for the term of 99 years to begin from the death of Mr. Camden and that during this time the said William Heather should pay to the Professor of History in Oxford the sum of 140 l. yearly Hereupon the University sent him a publick Letter of Thanks and because they understood Mr. Heather was a person for whom he had a singular respect they voluntarily conferr'd upon him the Degree of Doctor of Musick along with Mr. Orland Gibbons another of Mr. Camden's intimate Acquaintance This Civility procur'd them a new Benefactor and a new Lecture For afterwards Mr. Heather as an acknowledgment for this favour founded a Musick Lecture and endow'd it with the Annual Revenue of 16 l. 6 s. 8 d. The first History-Professor was Mr. Degory Whear nominated by Mr. Camden upon the recommendation of the Chancellor Vice Chancellor and other Learned men His first Essay was a General Direction for the Reading of Histories which he dedicated to his Patron Mr. Brian Twine a person admirably well verst in the Antiquities of England procur'd a Grant from the Founder to succeed but he dying before him the right of Election devolv'd upon the University for ever Thus by the same act he discharg'd his Vow and eas'd himself of the cares and troubles of the World The little he had left May 2. 1623. he dispos'd of by Will which he drew up with his own hands about six Months before his death in Charities to the Poor Legacies to his Relations and some small Memorials to his particular Acquaintance All his Books of Heraldry he gave to the Office the rest both Printed and Manuscript to the Library of Sir Robert Cotton But the printed part upon the erection of a new Library in the Church of Westminster was remov'd thither by the procurement of Dr. John Williams Lord Keeper of England Bishop of Lincoln and Dean of this Church who laid hold of an expression in the Will that was capable of a double meaning He was never out of England tho' no one could have promis'd himself a more kind reception among Foreigners He chose a single life apprehending that the incumbrances of a married state was like to prove a prejudice to his Studies He liv'd and and dy'd a Member of the Church of England and gave such clear proofs of his entire affections towards it that 't is a wonder how a certain Romish-Author could have the face to insinuate Analect dâ Rebus Catholic in Hibernia That he only dissembled his Religion and was allur'd with the prospect of Honours and Preferments His zeal against Popery See above lost him a Fellowship in Oxford brought most of his Works under the censure of the Church of Rome and Epist 19â expos'd him to the lash of Parsons Possevinus and others Many of his Scholars became eminent members of our Church and he converted several Irish Gentlemen from Popery as the Walshes Nugents O-Raily Shee s the eldest son of the Archbishop of Cassiles c. Whether these look more like the actions of an Hypocrite in Religion or the effects of a firm
take cognizance of murders felonies trespasses for so they term them and many other misdemeanors Besides the King sends every year into each County two of the Justices of England to give sentence upon Prisoners âes of âe and to use the law-term in that cause to make a Gaol-delivery But of these more hereafter when we come to the Courts As to the Ecclesiastical Government after the Bishops of Rome had assigned to each Presbyter his Church and divided the parishes among them Honorius Archbishop of Canterbury ââââand âed inâââârishes about the year of our Lord 636. first began to divide England into Parishes as we read in the History of Canterbury Now England has two Provinces and two Archbishops Canterbury Primate of all England and Metropolitan and York Under these are 25 Bishops 22 under Canterbury and the rest under York What these Bishopricks are with their Counties or Dioceses which they now contain âops are shown us in those words of that excellent person the most reverend Father in God Matthew Parker Archbishop of Canterbury a Patron of Learning and a great Judge of Antiquities In the Province of Canterbury THE Bishoprick of Canterbury along with Rochester contains the County of Kent London has under it Essex Middlesex and part of Hertfordshire Chichester has Sussex Winchester has Hamshire Surrey Isle of Wight with Gernsey and Jersey Islands lying upon the Coast of Normandy Salisbury contains Wiltshire and Berkshire Exeter includes Devonshire and Cornwal Bathe and Wells joyntly have Somersetshire and Glocester Glocestershire Worcester Worcestershire and part of Warwickshire Hereford Herefordshire and part of Shropshire Coventry and Lichfield joyned together Staffordshire Derbyshire and the other part of Warwickshire as also that part of Shropshire which borders upon the River Repil Next Lincoln the largest contains six Counties Lincolnshire Liecestershire Huntingdonshire Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire and the other part of Hertfordshire Ely Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely Norwich Norfolk and Suffolk Oxford Oxfordshire Peterburrow Northamptonshire and Rutlandshire Bristol Dorsetshire To which 18 Dioceses in England must be added those of Wales or Cambria which are both deprived of an Archbishop of their own and also made fewer seven hardly coming entire into four These are âeâe âsis St. Davids whose seat is at St. Davids Landaff Banchor and Asaph or Elwensis In the Province of York YOrk it self comprehends Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire Chester Cheshire Richmondshire Lancashire with part of Cumberland Flintshire and Denbighshire Durham the Bishoprick of Durham and Northumberland Carlisle part of Cumberland and Westmerland To these may be added the Bishoprick of Sodor in Mona commonly called the Isle of Man Amongst those the Archbishop of Canterbury takes the first place the Archbishop of York the second the Bishop of London the third the Bishop of Durham the fourth and the Bishop of Winchester the fifth The rest take place according to the time of their Consecration But if any of the other Bishops happen to be Secretary to the King he claims the fifth place There are besides in England 26 Deaneries 13 whereof were made in the larger Churches by King Henry VIII upon expulsion of the Monks The Archdeaconries are sixty and the Dignities and Prebends make 544. There are also 9284 Parish-churches under the Bishops of which 3845 are appropriate as is plain from the Catalogue exhibited to King James which I have here subjoyned Now appropriate Churches are such as by the authority of the Pope and the consent of the King and Bishop of the Diocess are upon certain conditions settled upon those Monasteries Bishopricks Colleges and Hospitals whose revenues are but small either because they were built upon their ground or granted by the Lords of the Mannour Such a Settlement is expressed in form of law by being united annext and incorporated for ever But these upon the subversion of the Monasteries were to the great damage of the Church made Feuda Laicalia Lay-fees In the Province of Canterbury Dioceses Parish-Churches Churches appropriate Canterbury 257 140 London 623 189 Winchester 362 131 Coventry and Lichfield 557 250 Salisbury 248 109 Bath and Wells 388 160 Lincoln 1255 577 Peterburrow 293 91 Exeter 604 239 Glocester 267 125 Hereford 313 166 Norwich 1121 385 Ely 141 75 Rochester 98 36 Chichester 250 112 Oxford 195 88 Worcester 241 76 Bristol 236 64 S. Davids 308 120 Bangor 107 36 Llandaff 177 98 S. Asaph 121 19 Peculiars in the Province of Canterbury 57 14 The whole number in the Province of Canterbury 8219 3303 In the Province of York York 581 336 Durham 135 87 Chester 256 101 Carlisle 93 18 The whole number in York 1065 592 The whole number in both Provinces 9284 3845 But in the Book of Thomas Wolsey Cardinal written in the year 1520. there are reckoned in all the Counties 9407 Churches I know not how this difference should happen unless it be that some were demolished in the last age and Chapels which are Parochial be omitted others which are barely Chapels being reckoned up amongst the Parish-churches However I have set down the number of Churches at the end of each County out of this Book of Wolsey's There were also in the Reign of King Henry VIII if it be not a crime to mention them monuments of the piety of our fore-fathers Monasteries built to the honour of God the propagation of the Christian faith and good learning and for the support of the poor Of Religious houses i.e. Monasteries or Abbies and Priories to the number of 645. whereof when 40 had been suppressed by a Grant from Pope Clement the seventh Hen. 5. had before that dissolved 100 Pâiories of Monks Aliens obtained by Cardinal Wolsey who had then laid the foundation of two Colleges one at Oxford and another at Ipswich presently about the 36th of Henry VIII a torrent as it were that has thrown down the banks broke in upon the ecclesiastical state of England and to the great surprize of the whole world and oppression of this nation at once threw down the greatest part of the Religious with their curious structures For what the Pope granted to the Cardinal the King took himself by consent of Parliament Whereupon in the year 1536. all religious houses with their revenues which had 200 l. yearly or under that were granted to the King in number 376. And the next year under a specious pretence of rooting out superstition the rest along with the Colleges Chauntries and Hospitals were given up to the King's disposal At which time there were valued or taxed 605 religious houses remaining Colleges besides those in the Universities 96. Hospitals 110. Chauntries and Free-chapels 2374. Most of which in a short time were every where pulled down their revenues squander'd away and the riches which had been consecrated to God by the pious munificence of the English from the time they received Christianity were as it were in a moment dispersed and if I may use the
more fees to give away For nothing could be more effectual to excite brave men and lay an obligation upon their best and most deserving Subjects such as were nobly descended and men of great estates than as an istance of their good will and favour to bestow the honourable title of Knights upon them which before was always a name of great dignity For when the Prince conferr'd advisedly upon merit it was thought a great reward and favour and look'd upon as a badge of honour Those that were thus Knighted esteem'd this as the price of Virtue as an encomium upon their family a memorial of their race and the glory of their name So that it is said by our Lawyers Miles a name of dignity that Miles is a name of dignity and not Baro. For a Baron in ancient times if he was not a Knight was written barely by his Christian name and the proper name of his family without any addition unless of Dominus which is likewise applicâble to Knights But the name Knight seems to have been an additional title of honour in the greatest dignities seeing Kings Dukes Marquesses Earls and Barons were ambitious both of the name and dignity And here I cannot but insert what Matth. Florilegus writes concerning the creation of Knights in Edward the first 's time For the sake of his expedition into Scotland the King publish'd a Proclamation lately throughout England to the end that whoever were by hereditary succession to be Knights and had wherewithall to support that dignity should be present in Westminster at the feast of Whitsontide there to receive all Knightly accoutrements save Equipage or Horse-furniture out of the King's Wardrobe Accordingly there assembled thither 300 young Gentlemen the sons of Earls Barons and Knights and had purple liveries silk-scarves and robes richly embroided with gold bestow'd upon them according to their several qualities And because the King's Palace though very large was too little to receive this concourse they cut down the apple-trees about the â Novum Tempium new Temple in London ras'd the walls and set up Pavilions and tents wherein these young Gentlemen might dress themselves in garments embroider'd with gold and all that night as many of them as the Temple would hold watch'd and pray'd in it But the Prince of Wales by his father's order with the chief of them watch'd in the Church of Westminster And so great was the sound of trumpets minstrels and acclamations of joy there that the chaunting of the Convent could not be heard from one side of the Quire to the other The day following the King knighted his Son in his palace and gave him the Dukedom of Aquitain The Prince therefore being thus knighted went to the Church of Westminster that he might likewise confer the same honour upon them And such was the press and throng about the high Altar that two Knights were kill'd and many fainted though every Knight had at least three or four Soldiers to conduct and defend them The Prince himself the throng was so great was forc'd to knight them upon the high altar having made his way thither * Per dextrarios bellicosos by his war-horses At present he that is knighted kneels down and in that posture is lightly struck upon the Shoulder with a naked sword by the Prince saying thus in French Sois Chevalier au nom de Dieu i.e. Be thou a Knight in the name of God and then he adds avancez Chevalier i.e. Rise up Sir Knight What relates farther to this order how famous how glorious and how brave a reward this dignity was look'd upon by men of honour among our Forefathers with what exactness they practis'd fidelity and plain-dealing when it was sufficient surety if they promis'd as Knights or upon their Honour lastly how far they were above the sordid humour of scraping and how they contributed upon the account of their fees when the King 's eldest son was honour'd with this dignity these things I leave to other Writers Degradations of Knights As also when they had committed any crime that was capital how they were strip'd of their ornaments had their military belt took from them were depriv'd of their sword had their spurs cut off with a hatchet their glove took away â Clypâo gentilitio in verso and their arms inverted just as it is in degrading those who have listed themselves in the Spiritual warefare the Ecclesiastical ornaments the book chalice and such like are taken from them I leave it likewise to be consider'd by them whether these Knights have been by some rightly term'd Knights Bacchallers and whether Bacchallers were not a middle order between Knights and Esquires For some Records run Nomina Militum Baccalaureorum Valectorum Comitis Glocestriae In dââ so Pat. 51. H. 3. Hence some will have Bachallers to be so call'd quasi Bas Chevaliers though others derive the same from Battailer a French word which signifies to fight Let them farther examine whether these dignities which formerly when very rare were so mighty glorious and the establish'd rewards of virtue became not vile as they grew common and prostitute to every one that had the vanity to desire them Aemilius Probus formerly complain'd of the same thing in a like case among the Romans Next in order to these Knights were the Armigeri Eââ 2. Esquires call'd also Scutiferi Homines ad arma and among the Goths Schilpor from bearing the Shield as heretofore Scutarii among the Romans Who had that name either from their coats of Arms which they bore as badges of their nobility or because they really carry'd the armour of the Princes and great men For every Knight was serv'd by two of these formerly they carry'd his helmet and buckler and as his inseparable companions adher'd to him For they held lands of the Knight their Lord in Escuage as he did of the King by Knights-service Esquires are at this day of five sorts for those I but now treated of are at present out of use The chief are they who are chosen to attend the King's person Next them are the eldest sons of Knights and their eldest sons likewise successively In the third place are counted the eldest sons of the youngest sons of Barons and others of greater quality and when such heir-male fails the title dies likewise The fourth in order are those to whom the King himself together with a title gives arms or makes Esquires adorning them with a collar of S. S. of a white silver colour and a pair of silver spurs whence at this day in the west parts of the Kingdom they are call'd White-spurs to distinguish them from Knights or Equites Aurati who have spurs of gold of these the eldest sons only can bear the title In the fifth place are to be reputed and look'd upon as Esquires all such as are in any great office in the Government or serve the King in any honourable station But
breadth of it Stow Sâââ stands upon the sea-coast the ancient seat of the family of the Grenvills Gâââ famous for the antiquity and nobility of their pedigree y They are now made Earls of Bathe and the present Earl hath lately built here a very stately house lookt upon to be the finest in the West of England Amongst the rest Richard in the time of William Rufus signaliz'd his courage in the Conquest of Glamorganshire in Wales and lately another of the same Christian-name exceeding the nobility of his birth by his own bravery lost his life gallantly in an engagement with the Spaniard at the Azores 23 As I shall shew more fully in my Annals A clause which is not any Latin Edition I have seen and if they all want it he must have had this intimation from Mr. Camden and so by him might be encourag'd in his Translation Near to this is Stratton a market town noted for gardens and its garlick and next to it Lancells a new seat of the ancient family of the z They are now extinct Chaumonds r âo The river Tamara now Tamar rising not far from the Northern shore runs swiftly and violently towards the South and after it is encreas'd with many little rivulets passes by Tamara a town mention'd by Ptolemy now Tamerton 24 By Tamar an ancient mannour of the Trevilions to whom by marriages the Inheritance of Walesborough and Ralegh of Netlested descended and at a little distance from it is Lanstuphadon i.e. the Church of Stephen commonly call'd Launston ãâ¦ã a pretty little town situate upon a rising which out of two other burrows Dunevet and Newport is now grown into one Town In the beginning of the Normans William Earl of Moriton built a a The moles of this castle upon which the Kepe stands Leland tells us is large and of a terrible height and the Arx of it having three several wards is the highest but not the biggest that ever he saw in any ancient work in England castle here and had a College of Prebendaries as appears by Domesday where it is call'd Launstaveton which name it had doubtless from a College there dedicated to S. Stephen and about the year 1150. converted into a monastery b Leland in his Itinerary says that William Warwist Bishop of Exeter suppressing the Collegiate Church of S. Stephen erected a Priory there and gave best part of the College-lands to it taking the residue himself by Reginald Earl of Cornwall This change the Bishops of Exeter too much hurry'd forward by passion and interest did vehemently oppose fearing it might come to be a Bishop's-See and so lessen their jurisdiction At this day it is most remarkable for the publick Gaol and the Assizes being c At present the Assizes are always kept there often kept there Tamar going from hence has the view of a high mountain stretch'd out a great way in length call'd by Marianus d The Saxon Annals call it more distinctly and truly Hengistes dun Hengesdoun and by him interpreted the mountain of Hengist the name it has at present is Hengston-hill ãâã âll It was formerly pretty rich in veins of tinn 25 So that the Country-people had this by-word of it Hengston down well ywrought Is worth London deer ybought and the place where the Tinners of Cornwall and Devonshire met every seventh or eighth year to concert their common interests At this place also in the year 831 the Danmonian Britains with the assistance of the Danes breaking into Devonshire to drive out the English who had then got possession of it were totally routed by King Egbert and cut off almost to a man 26 Beneath it Tamar leaveth Halton formerly the habitation of the Rouses anciently Lords of Little-Modbery in Devonshire Lower down near Saltesse a little market town as I observ'd before plac'd upon a rising and having a Mayor with certain Privileges Tamar receives the river Liver upon which stands that Town of S. Germans mention'd above With this increase it passes to the sea and makes a haven call'd in the Life of Indractus Tamerworth after it has divided Cornwall from Devonshire For King Athelstan who was the first King of England that entirely subdu'd those parts made this the bound between the Cornish Britains and his own English after he had remov'd the Britains out of Devonshire as we learn by Malmesbury who calls the river Tambra Whereupon Alexander Necham in his Hymns upon the Divine Wisdom Loegriae Tamaris divisor Cornubiaeque Indigenas ditat pinguibus isiciis Cornwall from England Tamar's streams divide Whence with fat Salmon all the land 's supply'd e Of this see Drayton's Polyolbion p. 131. where the story is deliver'd at large ââd âo This place seems to require something concerning Ursula a Virgin of great sanctity born here and those 11000 British Virgins But whilst some hold them to have been drown'd under Gratian the Emperor in the year 383. upon the coast of Germany as they were sailing to Armorica and others tell us that in the year 450. at Cologn upon the Rhine in their return from Rome they suffer'd Martyrdom from Attila the Hunne that instrument of God's vengeance this difference among Authors has made some instead of believing it an historical truth suspect it to be a mere fable But as to that Constantine call'd by Gildas the tyrannous whelp of an unclean Danmonian Lioness and the disforesting of all this County under K. John f That it was so is undoubtedly true for I have seen a Copy of an Instrument to that purpose dated 22. March An. Reg. Joh. 5. which begins thus Johannes Dei gratia Sciatis nos deforestasse totam Cornubiam c. for before that 't is thought to have been a forest of these matters let the Historians give an account for 't is beside my business As to the Earls Candorus call'd by others Cadocus Earls of Cornwall is mention'd by the modern writers as the last Earl of Cornwall of British extraction his Arms as the Heralds tell you were 15 besants 27 Five four three two and one in a field sable The first Earl of Norman descent was Robert Moriton brother to William the Conqueror as son of Herlotta to whom succeeded William his son This William siding with Robert the Norman against Henry 1. King of England was taken prisoner and lost both his liberty and honors 28 And at last turn'd monk at Bermondsey to whose place Henry 2. whilst he was making preparations for war against Stephen advanc'd Reginald natural son to Henry 1. 29 By the daughter of Sir Robert Corbet for that King was so very incontinent that he had no less than 13 bastards Reginald dying without lawful issue male Rob. de Monte 1175. Henry 2. assigning certain lands to the daughters reserv'd this Earldom for his young son John then but nine years of age upon
chief way of improving their ground and they still continue the same method carrying it ten miles up into the country and for a great part of the way too upon horses backs One might be more particular here in the several sorts of Sand and their manner of using them but an â Philosoph Transact numb 113. pag. 293. ingenious Discourse upon this Subject has superseded that labour However what Mr. Ray has communicated concerning the virtue of the sand may perhaps not be unacceptable He is of opinion that it depends chiefly upon the salt mix'd with it which is so copious that in many places salt is boyl'd up out of a Lixivium made of the sea-sand and the reason why sand after it hath lain long in the sun and wind proves less useful and enriching is because the dews and rain which fall upon it sweep away a good part of it's salt They had likewise a privilege of trading to all parts of the world granted them by K. Charles 1. in recompence of their Loyalty and the same King writ them a Letter of Thanks dated from Sudley-castle Sept. 3. 1643. which begins thus We are so highly sensible of the extraordinary merit of our County of Cornwall c. and concludes with an Order to have it read and preserv'd in every Church and Chapel throughout the whole County Their Government is now much the same with the rest of England for in the 32 Hen. 8. Gââ ãâã Cââ a President and Council were erected for the West but Cornwall and some others desirous to be under the immediate government of the King and Common Law vigorously oppos'd it so that it came to nothing Their Language too is the English Lââ and which is something surprizing observ'd by Travellers to be more pure and refin'd than that of their neighbours Devonshire and Somersetshire The most probable reason whereof seems to be this that English is to them an introduc'd not an original Language and those who brought it in were the Gentry and Merchants who imitated the Dialect of the Court which is the most nice and accurate Their neat way of living and housewifery upon which they justly value themselves above their neighbours does possibly proceed from the same cause The old Cornish is almost quite driven out of the Country being spoken only by the vulgar in two or three Parishes at the Lands-end and they too understand the English In other parts the inhabitants know little or nothing of it so that in all likelihood a short time will destroy the small remains that are left of it 'T is a good while since that only two men could write it and one of them no Scholar or Grammarian and then blind with age And indeed it cannot well be otherwise for beside the inconveniencies common to them with the Welsh such as the destruction of their original Monuments which Gildas complains of and the Roman Language breaking in upon them hinted by the same Gildas with Tacitus and Martial their language has had some peculiar disadvantages As 1. Cââ the ãâã of ãâ¦ã the loss of commerce and correspondence with the Armoricans under Henry 7. before which time they had mutual interchanges of families and Princes with them Now the present language of that people â Hââ ãâ¦ã is no other in it's Radicals than the Cornish and they still understand one another The affinity between them and the agreement of Welsh with them both will be better apprehended by a Specimen of the Lord's Prayer in each The Lord's Prayer in Cornish Ny Taz ez yn neau bonegas yw tha hanaw Tha Gwlakath doaz Tha bonogath bo gwrez en nore pocaragen neau Roe thenyen dythma yon dyth bara givians ny gan rabn weery cara ny givians mens o cabin Ledia ny nara idn tentation Buz dilver ny th art doeg Welsh Ein Tad yr hwn wyt yn y nefoedd sancteiddier dy enw Deued dy deyrmas bid dy ewyllys ar yddaiar megis y mac yn y nefoedd dyro i ni heddyw ein bara beunyddiol a maddeu i ni ein dyledion fel y maddewn ni i'n dyledwyr ac nar arwain mi brofe digaeth eithr gwared in rhag drwg Armoric Hon Tat petung so en eoûn ot'h Hano bezet samtifiet De vet de omp ho Roväntelez Ha volonté bezet gret voar an doüar euel en eoûn Roit dezomp hinou hor bara bemdezier Ha pardonnit dezomp hon offançon evelma pardon nomp d'ac re odeus hon offancet Ua n'hon digaçit quel e ' tentation Hoguen hon delivrit a droue Tho' indeed they affirm the affinity in general to be much greater than appears here However the remains of the Cornish being so very narrow to set down the Creed in that language as it may gratifie the Antiquaries so will it preserve to posterity some of that little we have still left The Creed in Cornish Me agreez en du Taz ollgologack y wrig en neu han noare Ha yn Jesu Crest y vabe hag agan arlyth auy conseuyys dur an speriz sanz geniz th art an Voz Mareea sufferai dadn Ponc Pilat ve goris dan VeÌrnans ha bethis ha thes kidnias the yffarn y savas arta yn trysa dyth ha seth war dighow dornyndue taz ollgologack thurt ena eu ra dvaz tha juga yn beaw han varaw Me agreez yn speriz sanz sanz Cathalic Eglis yn communion yn sans yn givyans an pegh yn derivyans yn corf han Bowians ragnevera Andellarobo 2. Another particular cause of the decay of it is that when the Act of Uniformity was made the Welsh had it in their own tongue but the Cornish being in love with the English to gratify their novelty desir'd it seems to have the Common Liturgy in that Language 3. The giving over of the Guirimears i.e. great Speeches which were formerly us'd at the great Conventions of the people and consisted of Scriptural Histories c. They were held in the spatious and open downs wherein there were earthen banks thrown up on purpose large enough to enclose thousands of people as appears by their shape in several places which remains to this day These with the coming in of Artificers Trading-men Ministers c. may probably have contributed very much to this general neglect of their original language so that almost nothing now appears of it in their conversation and but very little in any old writing Three books in Cornish are all that can be found One is written in an old court-hand on Vellam and in 1036 verses contains the History of the Passion of our Saviour It always has Chrest for Christ according to the ancient Roman way of writing Chrestus for Christus so âd c. Suetonius Judaeos impulsore Chresto tumultuantes c. But perhaps this may not be any mark of it's Antiquity because the Cornish pronounce it Crest By the characters and pictures it looks something like the time of
cause probably was to improve his own mannour of Topesham to which one of the Hughs of this family perhaps the same procur'd a weekly market and a yearly fair which Edward Courtney Earl of Devonshire in an out-fall with the citizens threw into the chanel of the river Isc which hinders ships from coming to the town so that all merchandize is brought thither by land from Topesham a little village three miles from the city Nor are these heaps remov'd tho' it is commanded by Act of Parliament o From these a small village hard by is call'd Weare Weare but formerly Heneaton which belong'd heretofore to Austin de Baa from whom by right of inheritance it came to John Holand Ch. 24 Eâ who in a seal that I have seen bore a lion rampant gardant among flower de luces The government of this City is administer'd by 24. of whom u Thâs City was incorporated by K. John and made a County by K. Henry 8. one yearly is chosen Mayor who with four Bayliffs manages all publick affairs As for the position the old Oxford-Tables have defin'd it's longitude to be 19 degrees 11 minutes It 's latitude 50 degrees 40 minutes This City that I may not omit it has had it's Dukes For Richard 2. King of England of that name made John Holand Earl of Huntingdon and his brother by the mother's side first Duke of Exeter Dukes of Exeter Henry 4. depriv'd him of this honour and left him only the title of Earl of Huntingdon which being beheaded soon after 6 For conspiracy against the King he lost together with his life Some few years after Henry 5. supply'd this Dukedom with Thomas Beaufort Earl of Dorset descended from the house of Lancaster an accomplish'd Souldier He dying without issue John Holand the son of that John already mention'd as heir to Richard his brother that dy'd without issue and to his father was restor'd to all again having his Father's honours bestow'd upon him by the bounty of Henry 6. and left the same to his son Henry who whilst the Lancastrians stood flourish'd in great honour but after when the house of York came to the Crown his example might well shew us how unsafe it is to rely upon the smiles of fortune For this was that Henry Duke of Exeter who notwithstanding his marriage with the sister of Edward 4. was reduc'd to such misery Phil. Coâânaeus cââ 50. that he was seen to beg his bread ragg'd and bare-footed in the Low-countries And at last after Barnet-fight where he behav'd himself stoutly against Edward 4. he never was seen more till his body was cast upon the shore of Kent as if he had been shipwrack'd Long after this Exeter had it's Marquess namely Henry Courtny descended from Catherine the Daughter of Edward 4. rais'd to that honour by Henry 8 7 And design'd heir-apparent But to this Marquess as well as to the first Duke a great fortune did but raise great storms which as presently sunk him endeavouring a change of Government For among other things because with mony and counsel he had assisted Reginald Poole that was afterwards Cardinal and had left England to intriegue with the Emperor and the Pope against his King and Country who had then withdrawn from the Romish Communion he was arraign'd found guilty and beheaded with some others But now by the bounty of K. James Thomas Cecil Lord Burghley enjoys the title of Earl of Exeter Earlâ of Exeter a man truly good and the worthy son of a most excellent father being the eldest son of William Cecil Baron Burghley Lord Treasurer of England whose wisdom has long supported the peace of this Kingdom nn From hence to the very mouth there is nothing of antiquity besides Exminster Exminââââ formerly Exanminster bequeath'd by King Alfred to his younger son and Pouderham Pouderham a castle built by Isabel de Ripariis now for a long time the seat of a very noble family the Courtnies Knights who being descended from the Earls of Devonshire and related to the best families are to this day flourishing and most worthy of such noble ancestors 8 Under Pouderham Ken a pretty brook enters into Ex which riseth near Holcombe where in a park is a fair place built by Sir Thomas Denis whose family fetcheth their first off-spring and surname from the Danes and were anciently written Le Dan Denis by which name the Cornish call'd the Danes Upon the very mouth on the other side as the name it self witnesses stands Exanmouth Exanâââ known for nothing but it's bare name and the fisher-hutts there More eastward Otterey Otterey that is a river of otters or water-dogs which we call Otters as the name it self implies runs into the sea it passes by Honniton Honniâââ well known to such as travel these parts 9 And was given by Isabel heir to the Earls of Devonshire to K. Edward the first when her issue fail'd p and gives it's name to some places Of which the most remarkable above Honniton is Mohuns-ottery which belong'd formerly to the Mohuns from whom it came by marriage to the Carews below Honniton near Holdcombe where lives the family of Le Denis Knights who take their original and name from the Danes S. Mary's Ottery so call'd from the w Iâ was suppress'd by a Parliament held at Leicester in the reign of Henry 5. College of S. Maries which John de Grandison Bishop of Exeter founded who had got the wealth of all the Clergy in his Diocese into his own hands For he had persuaded them to leave him all they had when they dy'd as intending to lay it all out in charitable uses in endowing Churches and building Hospitals and Colleges which they say he perform'd very piously From the mouth of this Ottery the shore goes on with many windings to the eastward by Budly q Sidmouth r and Seaton s formerly fine havens but now so choak'd with sand heap'd before the mouth of them by the flux and reflux of the sea that this benefit is almost quite lost Now that this Seaton is that Moridunum ââidunum in Antoninus which is seated between Durnovaria and Isca if the book be not faulty and is lamely call'd Ridunum in the Peutegerian Table I should conjecture both from it's distance and the signification of the name For Moridunum is the same in British that Seaton is in English namely a town upon a hill by the sea Near this stands Wiscombe ââomb memorable upon the account of William Baron Bonevill who liv'd there whose heir Cecil brought by marriage the titles of Lord Bonevill and Harrington with a brave estate in those parts âhis in County âmerset ââster to Thomas Grey Marquess of Dorset Under these the river Ax empties it self from a very small chanel 10 After it hath pass'd down by Ford where Adelize daughter to Baldewin of Okehampton founded an Abbey for
person still living had done the same in Oxford for the Northern Languages in general but that a sudden change of Affairs prevented him This place has been lately honour'd by giving the title of Marquess to the Right Honorable William Earl of Bedford now created Duke of Bedford This town has given several great Lawyers to the State as Sir John Glanvill a Judge Serjeant Glanvill his son and Sir John Maynard who was lately one of the Commissioners of the Great Seal of England Two miles from hence is Lamerton Lamerton parish in the Church whereof is an ancient monument of the Tremaines where may be seen the effigies or Nicholas and Andrew Tremaine twins alike in all lineaments suffer'd like pain tho' at a distance desir'd to sleep walk eat and drink together and were slain together at New-haven in France An. 1663. Nearer to the sea is Beare-Ferris Beare-Ferris so nam'd from the family call'd De Ferrariis anciently famous in this County In this parish there were Silver-mines in the reign of K. Hen. 6. which were lately re-enter'd by Sir John Maynard but have since been discontinu'd e From hence the river carries us down to Plimouth Plimouth mention'd by our Author as a town lately risen and a haven well fortify'd We may add that it had anciently but one Church till the 16 of Ch. 1. when a new one was erected and consecrated in the time of Ch. 2. Here is also a Royal Cittadel built by that King consisting of five regular Bastions and 165 guns The guns of the other fortifications added to these make up in all 253. There are two Docks begun in 1691. and finish'd in 1693. As Sir Francis Drake was born here so both he and Mr. Candish began their voyage from this town for discovery of the unknown parts of the world By his contrivance and his own proper chargo there was brought to this town a large stream from a great distance through many windings and turnings which is a great benefit to the Town carrying several Mills and serving for other common uses of the Inhabitants This place has been honour'd since Mr. Camden's time by giving the title of Earl to Charles Fitz-Charles natural son of K. Ch. 2. created July 29. in the 27th of that King f Eastward from hence is Modbery Modbery and of the Fortescues of Wimpston in that Parish was descended Chancellour Fortescue Author of the famous book De Laudibus Legum Angliae Between Modbery and Kings bridge there is a fair bridge over the river Avon about a quarter of a mile long At the mouth of the river stands S. Michael's Rock several acres over in which are to be seen the remains of an old Chappel This ancient Rhyme seems to refer to it Where Avon's waters with the sea are mixt St. Michael firmly on a rock is fixt Kings-bridge Kingsbridge is a pretty market town pleasantly situated and particularly deserves our notice for the benefaction of Mr. Crispin a late citizen of Exeter who founded here a Free-school and endow'd it Near which is Dodbrooke Dodbrooke singular for a custom of paying tithe to the Parson for a certain sort of liquor call'd White-Ale g The river Dert first runneth thro' Dertmore Dertmore a large Forest 20 miles long and 14 broad It was first made a Forest by K. John and had anciently in it many tinn-works It now yields pasture every summer to near 100000 sheep with a proportionable number of other cattle and supplies the North West and South with variety of pleasant rivers h Then to Totnes Totnes which in K. Charles the first 's time gave the title of Earl to George Lord Carew of Clopton son of Dr. George Carew Dean of Windsor Torr bay i Directly East-ward lies Torr-bay memorable for the landing of the Prince of Orange now K. William on the 5th of November An. 1688. Where we must not pass by Mary-Church being the first Church founded in this County according to tradition Near this bay is a remarkable well call'd Lay-well which ebbs and flows several times in an hour and bubbles up sometimes like a boiling pot the water as clear as crystal very cold in summer and never freezing in winter accounted by the neighbours to be medicinal in some fevers Farther up in the country is Moreley Moââley remarkable for it's Church built upon this occasion In the time of Edw. 1. Sir Peter Fishacre Knight upon a controversie between him and the Parson of Woodley about tythes kill'd the Parson in a rage and being constrain'd to answer the same at Rome was by the Pope condemn'd to build this Church where he lies bury'd From hence towards Dertmore lies Wythicombe Wythicombe where in the 14 Car. 1. in a violent storm of thunder and lightning a ball of fire came into the Church in divine Service kill'd three persons wounded 62. turn'd the seats upside down c. the damages amounting to above 300 l. A like storm hapn'd at Crews Morthard Crews Morthard in this County An. 1689. which rent the steeple melted the bells lead and glass and nothing escap'd but the Communion Plate k Returning to the shore we meet with Teignmouth Teignmouth which as it formerly suffer'd by the Danes so was it of late burnt by the French l North-east from which is the river Ex upon it stands Tiverton Tiverton where Peter Blundell a Clothier built a free-school and endow'd it with a liberal maintenance for a sâhool-master and usher He gave also two fellowships and as many scholarships to Sidney College in Cambridge and one fellowship and two scholarships to Baliol College in Oxford for scholars bred up in this school m Upon the river Creden lies Kirton Kirton now no more famous for the Bishop of Exeter's house than it was in Camden's time for the College of Prebendaries For the house together with the mannour was alienated to the Killigrews so that now there do not remain the least footsteps of the Bishop's having any thing there except the name of a great meadow call'd My Lord's Meadow n The river Ex carries us to Exeter Exeter the Cathedral Church whereof our Author observes to have been enlarg'd by several hands 'T was for a long time no bigger than our Lady's Chappel An. 1112. William Warlewast Bishop of Exon. laid the foundation of the present Quire Two hundred years after Peter Quivell Bishop began the Nave of the present Church to which John Grandison Bishop made an Isle on each side An. 1450. Edmund Lacy Bishop built the Chapter-house and about the same time the Dean and Chapter built the Cloyster So that this Church was about 400 years in building and yet the symmetry of it such as one might easily imagine it the work of a single man The organ of this Church is accounted the largest in England the greatest pipe being 15 inches diameter which is two more than that of
Dorset brought him a large estate Notwithstanding this man's memory was as it were restor'd to him by Act of Parliament declaring him innocent i 1 Edw. â Under Mendipp-hills to the north is the little village Congersbury so call'd from one Congarus a person of singular sanctity Capgrave tells us he was the son of an Emperour of Constantinople who here led the life of an hermit and Harpetre Harpetre formerly a castle belonging to a family of the same name which descended hereditarily to the Gornaies and from them to the Ab-Adams who as I have read restor'd it to the Gornaies p It now belongs to Sir John Newton who is related to the Gornaies Southward not far from the famous Cave at the bottom of Mendipp-hills is a little city upon a rocky soil and formerly a Bishop's See Leland tells us upon what grounds I know not that it was formerly call'd Theodorodunum the name of it now is Welles Welles so call'd from the Wells which spring up in all parts of it so Susa in Persia Stephanus in his Booâ De Urbâ and Barletius Croia in Dalmatia and Pegase in Macedonia had their names from wells or fountains from hence also this Church is call'd The Church of Wells It may justly challenge the pre-eminence in this County both for populousness and stateliness of the buildings It has a Church and a College built by King Ina to the honour of S. Andrew which was presently endow'd with large revenues by several great men Amongst the rest King Kinewulph gave to it a great many neighbouring places in the year 766. For thus his Charter runs I Kinewulph King of the West-Saxons for the love of God and which shall not be here mention'd some vexations of our Cornish enemies by the consent of my Bishops and Noble-men humbly make over by gift a certain parcel of ground to the Apostle and servant of God and S. Andrew i.e. of xi Mansions near the river call'd Welwe towards the increase of the Monastery situate near the great fountain call'd Wielea Which I set down both upon the account of it's Antiquity and because some are of opinion that the place took it's name from this river 30 Verily near the Church there is a spring call'd S. Andrew's well the fairest deepest and most plentiful that I have seen by and by making a swift brook The Church indeed is exceeding beautiful and nothing can be finer than it's frontispiece towards the West which is one entire pile of statues curiously wrought out of stone and of great antiquity 31 And the Cloysters adjoyning very fair and spacious The Bishop's palace is very splendid and towards the south looks like a Castle as it is fortify'd with walls and a ditch and the Prebendaries houses on 'tother side are exceeding neat For there are 27 Prebends with 19 petty-Canons besides a Dean a Precentor a Chancellor and 3 Arch-deacons that belong to this Church A Bishop's See was settl'd here in the time of Edward the Elder For when the Pope had excommunicated this Edward upon pretence that the discipline of the Church was quite neglected in this westerly part of his kingdom he knowing himself notwithstanding to be a nursing father of the Church erected three new Bishopricks Kirton Cornwall and this of Wells where he made Eadulph first Bishop Not many years after History ãâã Bath Giso was set over this Diocese whom Harold Earl of the West-Saxons and of Kent gaping after the revenues of the Church did so persecute that this See was almost quite destroy'd But William the first after he had conquer'd Harold lent a helping hand to Giso then in exile and to this distressed Church at which time as is evident from Domesday-book the Bishop held the town it self which gelded for 50 hides Afterwards in the reign of Henry 1. John de Villula a Frenchman of Tours was elected Bishop and translated the See to Bath by which means these two grew into one and the Bishop has his title from both so that the same person is styl'd Bishop of Bath and Wells k Which occasion'd a hot dispute between the Monks of Bath and the Canons of Wells about the election of the Bishops See iâ ãâã Decâ agaââââ maâ ãâã noâ ãâã whâ ãâã Sââââ caââ In the mean time q His right name is Savaricus Savanaricus Bishop of Bath being also Abbot of Glassenbury translated this See thither and was styl'd Bishop of Glassenbury but that title dy'd with him and the difference between the Monks and the Canons was at last compos'd by that Robert who divided the revenues of his Church into so many Prebends and settl'd a Dean a Sub-dean c. Bishop Jocelin also about the same time augmented the Church with new buildings and in the memory of our grandfathers Ralph de Shrowsbery as some call him built a very neat College for the Vicars and singing-men near the north part of the Church and also enclos'd the Bishop's palace with a wall l 32 But this rich Church was despoil'd of many fair possessions in the time of Edward the 6th when England felt all miscries which happen under a Child-King But in the way from the palace to the market Th. Bekington Bishop built a very beautiful gate and 12 stately stone houses of the same height hard by in the market-place In the middle whereof is a market-house supported by seven outer pillars and a curious arch built by Bishop William Knighte and Dean Woollman for the use of the market-people m All these are in the east part of the town In the west is a Parish-Church dedicated to S. Cuthberht and near it a Hospital built by Nicholas Bubwith Bishop for 24 poor people Out of those Mineral-mountains arises the river Frome which hastens eastward by these pits of coal made use of by smiths as most proper to soften iron and before it has run any great way wheeling towards the north it is the boundary between this County and Gloucestershire âââley and washes Farley a castle upon a hill belonging not many years since 33 To the Lord Hungerford to the Hungerfords where formerly Humphrey Bohun built a monastery âââl ps-âoâton at a little distance from Philips-Norton a famous market-town taking it's name from the Church dedicated to S. Philip. âwood Lower down is Selwood before mention'd a wood that spreads it self out a long way both in length and breadth and is well set with trees From this as Ethelwerd tells us the Country was call'd r Sealwudscire Episcopatus Shireburnensis Ethelwerd l. 2. c. 11. Selwoodshire and a town near it is to this day nam'd Frome-Selwood supported mostly by the woollen manufacture Scarce two miles from hence to the west is a small but pretty neat castle 34 Consisting of four round turrets built by the De la Mares and thence call'd Nonney de la Mare âânney de Mare which
quarries some such little miracles of sporting Nature And I have seen a stone brought from thence winded round like a serpent the head whereof tho' but imperfect jutted out in the circumference and the end of the tail was in the center u But most of them want the head In the neighbouring fields and other places hereabouts the herb Percepier âercepier grows naturally all the year round It is peculiar to England and one tastes in it a sort of tartness and bitterness 't is never higher than a span and grows in bushy flowers without a stalk It provokes urine strongly and quickly and there is a water distill'd out of it of great use as P. Poena in his Miscellanies upon Plants has observ'd w Scarce five miles from hence the river Avon parts Bristol in the middle ââtow call d by the Britains Caer Oder Nant Badon i.e. the City Odera in Badon valley In the Catalogue of the Ancient Cities it is nam'd Caer Brito and in Saxon it is BrightstoÆ¿ i.e. a famous place But a Amongst the rest Leland in his Comment upon the Cygnea cantio pag. 152. those who have affirm'd it to be the Venta Belgarum have impos'd both upon themselves and the world The City is plac'd partly in Somersetshire and partly in Glocestershire so that it does not belong to either having distinct Magistrates of it's own and being a county incorporate by it self It stands upon a pretty high gâound between the Avon and the little river Frome what with walls and the rivers guarded very well for it was formerly enclos'd with a double wall It casts such a beautiful show both of publick and private buildings that it answers it's name and there are what they call Goutes in Latin Cloacae built in the subterraneous caverns of the earth to carry off and wash away the filth x so that nothing is wanting either for neatness or health But by this means it comes that Carts are not us'd here It is also so well furnish'd with the necessities of life and so populous that next to London and York it may justly claim a preeminence over all the cities in Britain For the trade of many nations is drawn thither by the advantage of commerce and of the harbour which brings vessels under sail into the heart of the city And the Avon swells so much by the coming in of the tide when the Moon descends from the Meridian and passes the place opposite that ships upon the shallows are born up 11 or 12 fathoms The citizens themselves drive a rich trade throughout Europe and make voyages to the remotest parts of America At what time and by whom it was built is hard to say but it seems to be of a late date since in all the Danish plunders it is not so much as mention'd in our Histories For my part I am of opinion it rose in the decline of the Saxon government since it is not taken notice of before the year of our Lord 1063. wherein Harald as Florence of Worcester has it set sail from Brytstow to Wales with a design to invade it In the beginning of the Norman times Berton an adjoyning farm and this Bristow paid to the King as 't is in Domesday book 110 marks of silver and the Burgesses return'd that Bishop G. had 33 marks ââam of âââster and 1 mark of gold y Afterwards Robert Bishop of Constance plotting against William Rufus chose this for a seat of war and fortify'd the little city with that inner wall I suppose part of which remains to this day z But a few years after the Suburbs began to enlarge on every side for on the south Radcliff where were some little houses belonging to the suburbs is joyn'd to the rest of the city by a stone-bridge which is so set with houses that you would not think it a bridge but a street This part is included within the walls and the inhabitants have the privileges of citizens There are hospitals built in all parts for the poor and neat Churches for the glory of God Amongst the rest the most beautiful is S. Mary's of Radcliffe without the walls into which is a stately ascent by a great many stairs So large is it the workmanship so exquisite and the roof so artificially vaulted with stone and the tower so high that in my opinion it goes much beyond all the Parish Churches in England I have yet seen In it the founder William Canninges has two honorary monuments the one is his image in the habit of a Magistrate for he was five times Mayor of this City the other an image of the same person in Clergy-man's habit for in his latter days he took Orders and was Dean of the College which himself founded at Westbury Hard by it is also another Church call'd Temple the tower whereof as often as the bell rings moves to and again so as to be quite parted from the rest of the building and there is such a chink from top to bottom that the gaping is three fingers broad when the bell rings growing first narrower then again broader Nor must we omit taking notice of S. Stephen's Church the stately tower whereof was in the memory of our grandfathers built by one Shipward 41 Alià s Bârstaple a citizen and merchant with great charge and curious workmanship On the east also and north parts it was enlarg'd with very many buildings and those too included within the walls being defended by the river Frome which after it has pass'd by these walls runs calmly into the Avon making a quiet station for ships and a creek convenient to load and unload wares which they call the Kay Under this The marsh between the confluence of Avon and Frome is a champain ground which is set round with trees and affords a pleasant walk to the citizens Upon the south-east where the rivers do not encompass it Robert natural son to King Henry 1. commonly call'd Robert Rufus Consul of Glocester because he was Earl of Glocester built a large and strong Castle for the defence of his city a and out of a pious inclination set aside every tenth stone for the building of a Chappel near the Priory of S. James which he also erected just under the City He took to wife Mabil daughter and sole heir of Robert Fitz-Hamon who held this city in fealty of William the Norman This castle yet scarce finish'd was besieg'd by King Stephen but he was forc'd to draw off without doing any thing and the same person not many years after being prisoner there was a fair instance how uncertain the events of war are Beyond the river Frome over which at Frome-gate is a bridge one goes obliquely up a high hill of a steep and difficult ascent from whence there is a pleasant prospect of the City and haven below it This upon the top runs into a large and green plain shaded all along the middle with a double rank of trees
and d Canute is here put erroneously for Swain as is evident by the concurring testimony of Historians Canute the Dane damnify'd it very much by fire about A. D. 1003. w It recover'd it's ancient splendour when by the authority of a e Enacting A. 1076. that all Bishops Sees should be removed into great Towns out of Villages Synod and the munificence of William the Conqueror Herman Bishop of Shirburn and Sunning translated his seat hither and his immediate Successor Osmund built the Cathedral Church And the said William 1. after he had made the survey of England summon'd all the Estates of the Kingdom hither to swear Allegiance to him at which time as it is in Domesday book Salisbury gelded for 50 hides Money by weight and by tale and of the third penny the King had xx s. by weight and of the increase lx lb by tale This I observe because not only the Romans but also our Ancestors used to weigh as well as tell their money Not long after in the reign of Richard 1. f It should be Henry 3. by reason of the insolencies of the garrison-souldiers x 20 Against the Churchmen and the scarcity of water 21 The Churchmen first and then c. the inhabitants began to remove and seated themselves in a low ground which at the conflux of the Avon and the Nadder is as it were a rendezvous of many waters scarce a mile distant toward the south-east Of this removal Petrus Blesensis maketh mention in his g Epist 105. Epistles New Sarisbury for thus he describes Old Sarum It was a place exposed to the winde barren dry and solitary a Tower was there as in Siloam by which the inhabitants were for a long time enslaved And afterward The Church of Salisbury was a captive on that hill let us therefore in God's name go down into the level there the vallies will yield plenty of corn and the champagn fields are of a rich soil And of the same place the foremention'd Poet thus writes Quid domini domus in castro nisi foederis arca In templo Baalim carcer uterque locus A Church within a Camp looks just as well As th' ark of God in the vile house of Baal And thus described the place to which they descended Est in valle locus nemori venatibus apto Contiguus celeber fructibus uber aquis Tale creatoris matri natura creata Hospitium toto quaesiit orbe diu Nigh a fair chase a happy vale there lies Where early fruit the burden'd trees surprize And constant springs with gentle murmurs rise Not careful Nature o're the world could meet With such another for our Lady's seat As soon as they were removed that they might begin at the house of God Richard Poor the Bishop in a pleasant meadow before call'd Merifield laid the foundation of the great Church a stately pile of building y The which with it's h The tower and steeple from the floor of the Church is 410 foot high high steeple and double cross-isles by it's venerable grandeur strikes it's spectators with a sacred joy and was in 43 years space finished at great expence and dedicated A. D. 1258. in the presence of K. Henry 3. whereof that ancient Poetaster hath these not contemptible verses Regis enim virtus templo spectabitur isto Praesulis affectus artificumque fides The Prince's piety the Workman's skill The Bishop's care the stately pile shall tell But much better are the verses of the famous and learned Daniel Rogers Mira canam soles quot continet annus in unâ Tam numerosa ferunt aede fenestra micat Marmoreasque capit fusas tot ab arte columnas Comprensas horas quot vagus annus habet Totque patent portae quot mensibus annus abundat Res mira at verâ res celebrata fide â Dr. Heâââ How many days in one whole year there be So many windows in our Church we see So many marble pillars there appear As there are hours thro'out the fleeting year So many gates as moons one year does view Strange tales to tell yet not so strange as true For they say this Church hath as many windows as there are days in the year as many pillars and pillasters as there are hours and as many gates as months On the south-side of the Church is the Cloyster as great and of as fine workmanship as any in England to which is adjoyn'd the Bishop's stately Palace on the north side stands apart from the Cathedral a very strong built and high Bell-tower This Church in a short time so increas'd in ornaments and revenues that it maintains a Dean a Chanter a Chancellor a Treasurer and 33 Prebendaries z all very well endow'd some of which whom they call Canons Resident have very good houses not far from the Church and all these are inclosed with a wall apart from the town Whilst the Bishop was building the house of God the Citizens in like manner with great forwardness founded the City settled the Civil government thereof supplied every street with a little rivulet of water and having obtained licence from Simon the Bishop to fortifie it they threw up a ditch on that side which is not defended by the river And to such splendour New-Salisbury arrived out of the ruines of Old-Sorbiodunum that presently after by the Royal Authority the High road into the West was turn'd thro' this town it became the second City in those parts being very populous abounding in plenty of all things especially fish and adorn'd with a very fine Council-house of wood which standeth in a spacious well-furnish'd Market-place But it hath nothing of which it can brag so much as of John Jewell late Bishop of this place the wonder of his age for Divinity and a strenuous defender of the Reformed Religion After this Old Sarum still decreasing was in the reign of Henry 7. wholly deserted so that now there scarce remaineth a turret of the castle yet for a long time after the inhabitants had left the town it was the seat of the Earls of Salisbury about which in the reign of Edward 3. there was a noted controversie 29 Edw. Term. âlar For Robert Bishop of Sarum by vertue of a Writ which our Lawyers call Breve de Recto â Duel aâ out the Castle of âarâm or as others âyâ Shirâââ question'd the right of William Montaoute E of Sarum to this Castle The Earl answered he would defend his right by Combat q So on the day appointed the Bishop brought to the lists his Champion clad in a white garment to the mid leg over which he had a Surcoat of the Bishop's Coat of Arms there follow'd him a Knight carrying the spear and a Page the shield Presently after the Earl led in his Champion arrayed after the same manner accompanied by two Knights bearing white staves And just as the Champions were about to fight whilst they withdrew that
to Winchester so is there another that passes westward thro' Pamber a thick and woody forest then by some places that are now uninhabited it runs near Litchfield that is the field of carcasses and so to the forest of Chute pleasant for its shady trees and the diversions of hunting where the huntsmen and foresters admire it 's pav'd rising ridge which is plainly visible tho' now and then broken off Now northward in the very limits almost of this County I saw Kings-cleare Kingscleare formerly a seat of the Saxon Kings now a well-frequented market town 11 By it Fremantle in a Park where King John much hunted Sidmanton Sidmanton the seat of the family of Kingsmils Knights and Burgh-cleare Bu gh-cleare that lies under a high hill on the top of which there is a military camp such as our ancestors call'd Burgh surrounded with a large trench and there being a commanding prospect from hence all the country round a Beacon is here fix'd which by fire gives notice to all neighbouring parts of the advance of an enemy These kind of watch-towers we call in our language Beacons from the old word Beacnian i.e. to becken they have been in use here in England for several ages sometimes made of a high pile of wood and sometimes of little barrels fill'd with pitch set on the top of a large pole in places that are most expos'd to view where some always keep watch in the night and formerly also the horsemen call'd Hobelers by our Ancestors were settled in several places to signifie the approach of the enemy by day s This County as well as all the rest we have thus far describ'd belong'd to the West-Saxon Kings and as Marianus tells us when Sigebert was depos'd for his tyrannical oppression of the subject he had this County assign'd him that he might not seem intirely depriv'd of his government But for his repeated crimes they afterward expell'd him out of those parts too and the miserable condition of this depos'd Prince was so far from moving any one's pity that he was forc'd to conceal himself in the wood Anderida and was there killed by a Swine-herd This County has had very few Earls besides those of Winchester which I have before spoken of At the coming in of the Normans one Bogo or Beavose a Saxon had this title who in the battel at Cardiff in Wales fought against the Normans He was a man of great military courage and conduct and while the Monks endeavour'd to extol him by false and legendary tales they have drown'd his valiant exploits in a sort of deep mist From this time we read of no other Earl of this County till the reign of Henry 8. who advanc'd William Fitz-Williams descended from the daughter of the Marquess of Montacute in his elder years to the honours of Earl of Southampton and Lord High Admiral of England But he soon after dying without issue King Edward 6. in the first year of his reign conferr'd that honour upon Thomas Wriotheosley Lord Chancellour of England and his grandson Henry by Henry his son now enjoys that title who in his younger years has arm'd the nobility of his birth with the ornaments of learning and military arts that in his riper age he may employ them in the service of his King and Country There are in this County 253 Parishes and 18 Market Towns ISLE of WIGHT TO this County of Southamton belongs an Island which lies southward in length opposite to it by the Romans formerly call'd Vecta Vectis and Victesis by Ptolemy ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã by the Britains Guith by the Saxons Wuitland and Wicþ-ea for they call'd an Island Ea we now call it the Isle of Wight and Whight 'T is separated from the Continent of Britain by so small a rapid channel which they formerly call'd Solent that it seems to have been joyn'd to it whence as Ninnius observes the Britains call'd it Guith which signifies a Separation t For the same reason the learned Julius Scaliger is of opinion that Sicily had it's name from the Latin word Seco because it was broken off and as it were dissected from Italy Whence with submission always to the Criticks I would read that passage in the sixth of Seneca's Natural Quaest. Ab Italia Sicilia resecta and not rejecta as 't is commonly read From the nearness of it's situation and the likeness of it's name we may guess this Vecta to be that Icta which as Diodorus Siculus has it at every tide seem'd to be an Island but at the time of the ebb the ground between this Island and the Continent was so dry that the old Britains us'd to carry their tinn over thither in Carts in order to transport it into France But I cannot think this to be Pliny's Mictis tho' Vecta come very near the name for in that Island there was white lead whereas in this there is not any one vein of metal that I know of This Island from east to west is like a Lentil or of an oval form in length 20 miles and in the middle where 't is broadest 12 miles over the sides lying north and south To say nothing of the abundance of fish in this sea the soil is very fruitful and answers the husbandman's expectation even so far as to yield him corn to export There is every where plenty of rabbets hares partridge and pheasants and it has besides a forest and two parks which are well stock'd with deer for the pleasures of hunting Through the middle of the Island runs a long ridge of hills where is plenty of pasture for sheep whose wool next to that of Lemster and Cotteswold is reckon'd the best and is in so much request with the Clothiers that the inhabitants make a great advantage of it In the northern part there is very good pasturage meadow-ground and wood the southern part is in a manner all a corn country enclos'd with ditches and hedges At each end the sea does so insinuate and thrust in it self from the north that it makes almost two Islands which indeed are call'd so by the inhabitants that on the west side Fresh-water Isle the other on the east Binbridge Isle Bede reckon'd in it in his time 1200 families now it has 36 towns villages and castles and as to its Ecclesiastical Government is under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Winchester but as to it 's Civil under the County of South-hamton The inhabitants facetiously boast how much happier they are than other people since they never had either p 'T is strange why they should add Monks since S. Mary's in Caresbrooke particularly was a Cell of Black Monks belonging first to Lyra in Normandy afterwards to the Abbey of Montgrace in Yorkshire and then to the Cistercians of Sheen Besides this there were in the Island three Priories * Cu ãâ¦ã tos ãâã cââos Newpoââ Monks Lawyers or Foxes The places of greatest note are these Newport
brothers made their escape and got over to the next Province Jutarum See p. 192. where coming to a place that is call'd Ad Lapidem and thinking to secure themselves there from the fury of the conquering Prince they were betray'd and order'd to be put to death Which coming to the ears of a certain Abbot and Priest call'd Cynbreth that at a small distance from thence had a Monastery in a place call'd Reodford i.e. the ford of reeds he came to the King who was then privately in those parts for the cure of his wounds which he had receiv'd in the Isle of Wight and desir'd of him that if those young brothers must be kill'd he would please first to permit them to be baptiz'd This request the King granted upon which the Abbot having instructed them in the word of truth and washed them in the fountain of salvation made them certain of their entrance into the kingdom of heaven And immediately after the Executioner coming to them they joyfully submitted to a temporal death as a sure and certain passage to eternal life And in this order after all the provinces of Britain had receiv'd the Christian faith the Isle of Wight was also converted in which notwithstanding because of the miseries of a foreign yoke no one had the dignity of a Minister or Bishop before Daniel who is now Bishop of the West-Saxons and the Geuissi After this Authors say nothing of the Island till the year 1066. when Tostius brother to K. Harald with some Pirate-ships from Flanders out of ill will to his brother landed here Florence of Worcester and when he had compell'd the inhabitants to pay him a certain Tribute sail'd off A few years after as I find in an ancient book belonging to the Priory of Caeresbroke which was shewn me by Robert Glover Somerset-herald that great oracle in Genealogical Antiquities as William the Bastard conquer'd England so William Fitz-Osborne who was his Mareschal and Earl of Hereford conquer'd the Isle of Wight and was first Lord of it A long time after which the French in the year 1377. by surprize landed and plunder'd the Isle They made another unsuccessful attempt A. D. 1403. being bravely driven back as also within the memory of our fathers in the reign of Hen. 8. when the French Gallies set fire to one or two small Cottages As to the Lords of this Isle Lords of the Isle of Wight William Fitz-Osborn presently after being slain in the wars of Flanders and his son Roger attainted and banish'd it came into the King's hands and Henry 1. K. of England gave it to Richard de Ridvers otherwise call'd Redvers and de Ripariis Earl of Devonshire and with it the Fee of the village of christ-Christ-Church Here this Richard built a Castle as likewise another at Cares-brooke but his son Baldwin in the troublesome reign of K. Stephen when there were as many petty Princes in England as Lords of Castles who all pretended to a right of coining money and other rights of sovereign power was turn'd out of this castle by K. Stephen Yet his posterity recover'd their ancient right whose pedigree I have already drawn down where I treated at large of the Earls of Devonshire At length Isabell widow to William de Fortibus Earl of Albemarle and Holderness sister and heiress of Baldwin the last Earl of Devonshire of this Family was not without difficulty constrain'd by Charter to surrender up her right herein to K. Edw. 1. Since that time the Kings of England have had the possession of this Isle and Henry de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick was by King Henry 6. in whom he had a great interest crown'd King of the Isle of Wight and afterwards entitl'd First Earl of all England But this new and extraordinary Title dy'd with him Afterwards Richard Widevile Earl of Rivers was made Lord of the Isle of Wight by Edward 4. and Reginald Bray receiv'd it â In firmam to farm as the Lawyers call it for the yearly rent of 300 Marks from K. Henr. 7. who had a great affection for him Besides these it has had for it's Lords a noble Family call'd de Insula or Lisle one of whom in the reign of Edw. 2. was summon'd to Parliament under the name of John de Insula Vecta i.e. of the Isle of Wight ADDITIONS to HAMSHIRE Right name of the County a BY what Author this County is call'd Hanteschyr which Mr. Camden says is the Saxon name of it I know not Certain it is that this must have been given it after the coming in of the Normans who brought along with them the custom of placing h after c a manner of writing altogether unknown to the Saxons The ancient Annals call it expresly Hamtunscyre which is by later writers melted into Hamteschyre Hampteshire and Hamshire Florence of Worcester indeed calls it Hantunscyre but it must needs be a mistake of the Librarian for Hamtunscyre since the Saxon-Annals call it so and he transcrib'd from them Which is the more observable because our modern Hants and Hantshire generally us'd as the true names plainly proceed from this mistake in the writing Hantunscyre being naturally melted into Hantshire b After the name we come to the County it self a part whereof our Author observes was that Natanleod Natanleod mention'd by our Histories Tho' the story be very obscure yet one may venture to affirm even against the Annals that this King's name could not be Natanleod but rather Natan or Nata which by the addition of leod i.e. a countrey signifies the tract or country of Natan Besides one of the Copies calls it Natanleag that is the field of Natan which naturally suggests what Mr. Camden could not so well infer from the other viz. some remains of the old name as in Netley and Nutley in this County Ellingham c 'T is possible the Avon as our Author conjectures might be call'd Alaun but Allingham is no proof of it there being no such place near the river unless he means Ellingham the affinity whereof with Ellandune has caus'd an opinion that the battle between Egbert and Bernulf might be in this place and the rather because Higden tells us it was in Hamshire But as the engagement was really * See that County in Wiltshire so Higden's error seems to have been occasion'd by the Monk of Winchester's saying that it was at Elendune which was a mannour belonging to the Priory of Winchester New-forest d East of the river is New-Forest wherein are 9 Walks and to every one a Keeper It has two Raungers a Bow-bearer and a Lord-Warden which office as â Itinerar MS. Vol. 6. Leland says formerly belong'd by right of inheritance to the Earls of Arundel but it is at present in the hands of his Grace the Duke of Bolton Malwood-castle e In this forest is the Castle of Malwood â Aubr MS. the area whereof contains a great many
his reign created John Moubray son of John Duke of Norfolk Earl of Warren and Surrey 21 And Richard second son of King Edward 4. having marry'd the heir of Mowbray receiv'd all the titles due to the Mowbrays by creation from his Father Afterward King Richard 3. having dispatched the said Richard c. and at length King Richard 3. after he had villanously got possession of the Crown in order to win the family of the Howards descended from the Mowbrays to his own party created on the same day John Baron Howard Duke of Norfolk and Thomas his son Earl of Surrey in whose posterity this honour continu'd and does still remain This County hath 140 Parish-Churches ADDITIONS to SVTH-REY THE most considerable piece of Antiquity this County affords us is the famous Roman way call'd Stone-street visible in several parts of it It goes through Darking-Church yard as they plainly find by digging the graves and between that place and Stansted it is discover'd upon the hills by making of ditches Afterwards in Okeley-parish which in winter is extreamly wet it is very plainly trac'd Had not the civil wars prevented we might before this time have had a more distinct account of it for Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey had made some attempts towards the exact discovery of its remains tracing it from Arundel through all the deep country of Sussex but the wars coming on hinder'd his further progress âye a To go along with our Author the river Wye which the Thames receives brings in great profits to that part of the County being made navigable by the industry among others of that worthy Knight Sir Richard Weston late of Sutton-place to whom the whole Shire is oblig'd as for this so for several other improvements particularly Clover and Saintfoine âeford or âdford b This river passes by Guildford famous heretofore for clothing and Clothiers which has given the Church of England since the Reformation two famous Prelates George and Robert Abbot the one Archbishop of Canterbury who founded here a very fine Hospital and lies bury'd in Trinity-Church the other that learned Bishop of Salisbury his brother They were both sons of a Clothier and had a brother Sir Maurice Abbot who was Lord Mayor of London at the same time when they were Bishops Upon which trade this observation has been made That several of the most eminent families among the Nobility in this nation have had their rise from it Here is a curious Free-school founded by King Edward 6 to which as also to Baliol-College in Oxford one Hammond was a great Benefactor This place has given the title of Countess to Elizabeth Viscountess of Keynelmeaky in Ireland and that of Earl to John Maitland Duke and Earl of Lauderdale Near Guildford upon the river Wye is the Friery the seat of Daniel Colwall Esquire adjoyning to which is a delightful Park âghton Something nearer the Thames is Staughton the seat of a family of that name whose Pedigree is probably as ancient as any in this County But it is now at last out of that line by the death of the late Sir Lawrence Staughton Baronet a young Gentleman of great hopes About 2 miles eastward from Guildford is Clandon-place Clandon the seat of the honourable Sir Richard Onslow Baronet descended from Onslow of Onslow-hall in Shropshire an ancient Gentleman's family Their first settlement in this County was at Knowle in Crandley thence they removed to Clandon-place being pleasantly situate on the edge of Clandon downe from whence is a goodly prospect into ten several Counties 'T is well shaded with wood and supply'd with good water and is daily improv'd by the present possessor Not far from hence is Pirford Pirford situate on the river Wye enclos'd with a pleasant Park well wooded to which belongs large Royalties Fish-ponds and a delightful Decoy now the seat of Denzell Onslow Esq the youngest son of Sir Richard Onslow late of Clandon-place c About the entring of this river into the Thames is Otelands Otelands which was as our Author observes a royal village or a retiring place for the Kings but now is so decay'd that it hardly bears the figure of a good Farmhouse being demolish'd in the late Civil Wars Not far from hence upon the Thames is Walton â Aubr MS. Walton in which Parish is a great Camp of about 12 Acres single work and oblong There is a road lies thro' it and 't is not improbable that Walton takes its name from this remarkable Vallum d Our next river is Mole at some distance from which to the south lies Okeley Okeley where is a certain custom observ'd time out of mind of planting Rose-trees upon the graves especially of the young men and maids who have lost their lovers so that this Churchyard is now full of them 'T is the more remarkable because we may observe it anciently us'd both among the Greeks and Romans who were so very religious in it that we find it often annex'd as a Codicil to their Wills as appears by an old Inscription at Ravenna and another at Milan by which they order'd Roses to be yearly strew'd and planted upon their graves Hence that of * L. 1. Eleg. 2. Propertius Et tenerâ poneret ossa rosâ And old Anacreon speaking of it says that it does ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã protect the dead Upon the edge of Sussex is Okewood Okewood all that part being formerly but one continu'd wood of Oaks where stands a desolate Chapel of Ease to five large Parishes three in Surrey and two in Sussex built by one Edward de la Hale as appears by a monument of the pious Donor who dy'd 1431. and lies here buried The revenues that of right belong to it are above 200 l. per An. out of which there is not allowed above 20 Nobles to a man who now and then reads Prayers to them It is so much the more deplorable because the alienation long since appears to have been made through a mistake for 't was done in Q. Elizabeth's time by virtue of an Inquisition unjustly taken upon pretence of its being a Chantry for the maintenance of a Mass priest to pray for the soul of the Founder Whereas really it was built and endow'd for no other use but a Chapel of Ease only to instruct the people of the adjoyning Parishes at too great a distance from their own Parish-Churches Near this place are certain Pitts out of which Jett has been sometimes digg'd But to return towards the north at the head of a river which runs into the Wye near Guildford is Abinger Abinger near the Church yard whereof is a heap or mount cast up which some imagine to have been a small fortress rais'd by the Danes or Saxons But to cure that mistake it 's plain enough 't was done by neither but by the neighbouring people whom the high grounds on which they live put under a
bridge of a great many arches and a stately fabrick partly of stone and tyles laid flat upon one another SUSSEX By Robt. Morden At a little distance from the Thames we see Combe-Nevil Combe-Nevil a seat of the Harveys where have been found Medals and Coins of several of the Roman Emperors especially of Dioclesian the Maximinians Maximus Constantine the Great c. h Not far from whence is None-such None-such so much magnify'd by our Author for it's curious structure but now there 's nothing of all this to be seen scarce one stone being left upon another which havock is owing to the late Civil Wars i To the north-east is Beddington âeddington where not only the Orchards and Gardens in general as our Author has observ'd but particularly its Orange-trees deserve our mention They have now been growing there more than a hundred years and are planted in the open ground under a moveable Covert during the winter-months They were the first that were brought into England by a Knight of that noble family who deserves no less commendation than Lucullus met with for bringing cherry and filbert-trees out of Pontus into Italy for which we find him celebrated by Pliny and others Next is Ashsted âshâted where the honourable Sir Robert Howard brother to the Earl of Barkshire has enclosed a fair new house within a park laid out and planted the fields pastures and arables about it in such order and with so great improvements as to make it vye with the most considerable dry seats in this County There was near it formerly a mean decaâ'd farm-house yet for the wholsome air breathing from the hills it was often resorted to by Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey of whose grandson father of the present Duke of Norfolk Sir Robert purchas'd it At some distance from hence is Woodcote âooâcote a pleasant seat among groves much adorn'd by the widow Evelyn lately deceas'd to which belong those medicinal Wells âpsâm-âââs that rise in the adjoyning Common They are tinctur'd with Allom and of late years are in so much repute as to occasion a very great increase of buildings in the parish of Epsom for the reception and entertainment of such as resort hither for the sake of the Spaws with the diversion of the Downs hard by Near the Thames and south of London lyes Dullwich âullwich where William Allen sometime a famous Comedian in King James 1.'s time erected and endow'd a pretty College and a fair Chapel for 6 poor men and as many poor women with a school for the education of 12 children Here are also Medicinal Springs call'd Sidnam-wells as likewise there are at Streeteham both of them frequented in their proper seasons Northward from hence is South-wark âuthwark where is one thing of note the Grant of S. Mary Overies Church to the Church-wardens and their Successors for ever together with the Tithes to provide two Chaplains at their pleasure who are neither presented nor endowed and thus it differs from all other Churches in England Here lye bury'd the learned Bishop Andrews and our famous English Poet Gower A very ample and ancient palace with fair gardens belonging to the Bishops of Winchester is now converted into Tenements And here in the close we must not omit the mention of one who was a general Benefactor to the whole County His name was Smith once a Silver-smith in London but did not follow that trade long He afterwards went a begging for many years and was commonly call'd Dog-Smith because he had a Dog always follow'd him When he dy'd he left a very great Estate in the hands of Trustees upon a general account of Charity and more particularly for Surrey After they had made a considerable improvement of the estate and purchas'd several Farms they settl'd 50 l. per An. or thereabouts upon every market-town in Surrey or gave 1000 l. in money Upon every Parish except one or two they settl'd a yearly revenue upon some 6 l. others 8. and upon the rest more or less as they thought convenient But this Charity was not limited to Surrey but left to the Trustees to extend to other places of the kingdom as they found occasion and so the revenue is greater out of this County than what is paid in it Continuation of the EARLS From that Thomas whom Richard 3. made Earl of Surrey there were three of the same name and family who successively enjoy'd this Honour the last whereof dying 1646. was succeeded by Henry his son and Henry by his son Thomas from whom it went to Henry his brother Plants growing wild in Surrey Aria Theophrasti Ger. See the Synonymes in Somersetshire The white Beame tree or mountain Service tree About Croyden Park 1421. Common in the Copses near the Downs Acorus verus sive Calamus Officinarum Park Verus sive Calamus aromaticus Officinarum C. B. Verus Officinis falsò Calamus Ger. Calamus aromaticus vulgaris multis Acorum J. B. The sweet smelling Flag or Calamus Found by Dr. Brown of Magdalen Coll. Oxon. about Hedley in this County Buxus arbor The Box tree On Box hill near Darking thence denominated plentifully Dentaria major Matthiolo Ger. Orobanche radice dentata major C. B. radice dentata seu Dentaria major Matthiolo Park Anblatum Cordi sive Aphyllon J. B. The greater Toothwort Thomas Willisell shew'd it me in a shady lane not far from Darking in this County growing plentifully Rapunculus corniculatus montanus See the Synonymes in Hampshire Cat. Horned mountain Rampion with a round head of flowers On many places of the Downs Vicia Lathyroides nostras seu Lathyrus Viciaeformis Chichling Vetch Found by Tho. Willisell in Peckham field on the back of Southwark in a squalid watery place SVSSEX UNDER Suth-rey lies Suth-sex towards the south extending it self into a great length in ancient times the seat of the Regni and call'd in Saxon Suð-sex now Sussex as much as to say the Country of the South-Saxons A word compounded of it's Southerly situation and of the Saxons who in the Heptarchy plac'd here the second kingdom It lies all on the south-side upon the British Ocean with a streight shore as it were more in length than breadth but has but few Ports the sea being very dangerous by reason of it's Shelves and Sands which make it rough and the shore is full of Rocks 1 And the South-west wind doth tyrannize thereon casting up beach infinitely The sea-coast of this country has very high green hills call'd the Downs Downs which consisting of a fat chalky soil are upon that account very fruitful The middle-part being checquer'd with meadows pastures corn-fields and groves makes a very fine show The hithermost and northern-side is shaded most pleasantly with woods as anciently the whole Country was a which made it unpassable For the a It is now call'd the Weilde or Wild. Wood Andradswald in British Coid Andred
Chichâââââ but was afterwards converted to a Convent of Franciscans All that space that lies between the west and south gates is taken up with the Cathedral Church Bishop's palace and f The Dean hath now no house the Dean and Prebendaries houses which about K. Rich. 1.'s time were again burnt down and Seffrid 2d Bishop of that name re-edify'd them g Besides the Cathedral there are within the walls 5 small Churches The Church it self indeed is not great but neat and has a very high stone spire and on part of the south-side of the Church the history of it's foundation is curiously painted as also the pictures of the Kings of England on the other part are the pictures of all the Bishops as well of Selsey as of Chichester all at the charge of Bishop Robert Shirburne who beautify'd this Church very much and has his Motto set up everywhere Credite operibus and Dilexi decorem domus tuae Domine 2 Neither he only adorn'd the Lord's house but repair'd also the Bishop's houses But that great tower which stands near the west-side of the Church was built by R. Riman as 't is reported upon his being prohibited the building a Castle at Aplederham hard by where he liv'd with those very stones he had beforehand provided for the Castle 3 Near the haven of Chichester is W. Witering where as the monuments of the Church testifie Aella the first founder of the kingdom of Suth-sex arrived c Selsey before mention'd in Saxon Seals-ey Selsey that is as Bede interprets it the Isle of Sea-Calves which we in our language call Seales Seales Here ãâã the beââ Cockâes a creature that always makes to islands and shores to bring forth it 's young 4 But now it is most famous for good Cockles and fall Lobsters stands a little lower A place as Bede says compass'd round about with the sea unless on the west-side where it has an entry into it of about â Jaââs funâae a stones throw over It contain'd 87 families when Edinwalch K. of this Province gave it to Wilfrid Bishop of York being then in exile who first preach'd the Gospel here and as he writes Slaves not only sav'd from the bondage of the Devil 250 bondmen by baptism but also by giving freedom deliver'd them from slavery under man Afterwards King Cedwalla who conquer'd Edilwalch founded here a Monastery and honour'd it with an Episcopal See which by Stigand the 22d Bishop was translated to Chichester where it now flourishes and owns Cedwalla for it's Founder In this Isle there are some obscure remains of that ancient little city in which those Bishops resided cover'd at high water but plainly visible at low water Beyond Selsey the shore breaks and makes way for a river that runs down out of St. Leonard's Forest by Amberley where William Read Bishop of Chichester in the reign of Edw. 3. built a castle for his successors and then by Arundel seated on the side of a hill a place more perhaps talk'd of than it deserves d nor is it indeed very ancient for I have not so much as read it's name before K. Alfred's time who gave it in his Will to Athelm his brother's son Unless I should believe it corruptly call'd Portus Adurni by a transposition of letters for Portus Arundi The etymology of this name is neither to be fetch'd from Bevosius's Romantick horse nor from Charudum a promontory in Denmark as Goropius Becanus dream'd but from a vale lying along the River Arun in case Arun be the name of the river as some have told us who upon that account nam'd it Aruntina vallis But all it's fame is owing to the Castle which flourish'd under the Saxon Government and was as we read presently after the coming in of the Normans repair'd by Roger Montgomery thereupon stil'd Earl of Arundel For it is by it's situation contriv'd large and well strengthen'd with works But his son Robert Belesme who succeeded his brother Hugh was outlaw'd by K. Hen. 1. and lost that and all his other honours For breaking into a perfidious Rebellion against him he chose this castle for the seat of war and strongly fortify'd it but had no better success than what is generally the issue of Treason for the King's forces surrounding it at length took it Upon this Robert's outlawry and banishment the King gave the castle and the rest of his estate to Adeliza daughter of Godfrey sirnam'd âong ârd Barbatus of Lovaine Duke of Lorrain and Brabant his second Queen for her Dower In whose commendation a h It seems to be Henry Huntingdon See his History l. 7. p. 218. where there is Adelida and Adelnia Seld. certain English-man wrote these verses ingenious enough for that unlearned age Anglorum Regina tuos Adeliza decores Ipsa referre parans Musa stupore riget Quid Diadema tibi pulcherrima Quid tibi Gemma Pallet Gemma tibi nec Diadema nitet Deme tibi cultus cultum natura ministrat Non * ãâã othâr âpies meâarâ exornari forma beata potest Ornamenta cave nec quicquam luminis inde Accipis illa micant lumine clara tuo Non puduit modicas de magnis dicere laudes Nec pudeat Dominam te precor esse meam When Adeliza's name should grace my song A sudden wonder stops the Muse's tongue Your Crown and Jewels if compar'd to you How poor your Crown how pale your Jewels show Take off your robes your rich attire remove Such pomps will load you but can ne'er improve In vain your costly ornaments are worn You they obscure while others they adorn Ah! what new lustre can those trifles give Which all their beauty from your charms receive Thus I your lofty praise your vast renown In humble strains am not asham'd t' have shown Oh! be not you asham'd my services to own She after the King's death match'd with William * âe Alâio or as ârs de âineto ãâã de Alââaco ãâã Dawâ D'aubeney who taking part with Maud the Empress against King Stephen and defending this Castle against him was in recompence for his good services by the said Maud ângloâ Domiâ Lady of the English for that was the title she us'd created Earl of Arundel And her son King Henry 2. gave the same William the whole Rape of Arundel to hold of him by the service of 84 Knights fees and an half and to his son William King Richard 1. granted in some such words as these Arundel Castle Earls of Arundel and Sussex together with the whole honour of Arundel and the third penny of the Pleas out of Sussex whereof he is Earl And when after the fourth Earl of this Sirname the issue male failed See the Earls of Sussex one of the sisters and heirs of Hugh the fourth Earl was marry'd to John Fitz-Alan Lord of Clun whose great grandson Richard Chartae Antiquae 10. m. 29. upon account
misfortunes In the year of our Lord 676. it was destroy'd by Aethelred the Mercian and after that more than once plunder'd by the Danes Aethelbert King of Kent built a stately Church in it and adorn'd it with an Episcopal See making Justus first Bishop of it but when this Church was decay'd with age Gundulphus 46 A Norman repair'd it about the year 1080. and thrusting out the Priests put the Monks in their stead who too are now ejected and a Dean with 6 Prebendaries and Scholars fill their places Near the Church there hangs over the river a Castle fortify'd pretty well both by art and nature which the common opinion affirms to have been built by Odo Bishop of Bayeux and Earl of Kent But without all doubt William 1. was founder of it For we read thus in Domesday The Bishop of Rovecester holds in Elesforde for exchange of the ground upon which the castle stands 'T is certain however that Bishop Odo depending upon an uncertain turn of affairs held this against William Rufus 47 At which time there passed a Proclamation thro' England that whosoever would not be reputed a Niding should repair to recover Rochester-Castle whereupon the youth fearing that name most reproachful and opprobrious in that Age swarmed thither in such numbers that Odo was enforced to yield the place and that at last for want of provisions he did not only surrender it but was degraded too and quitted the Kingdom But as to the repairing of the castle take this out of the Textus Roffensis Textus Roffensis an ancient MS. book of that Church When William 2. would not confirm the gift of Lanfranck of the mannour of Hedenham in the County of Buckingham to the Church of Rochester unless Lanfranck and Gundulph Bp. of Rochester would give the King 100 l. of â Centum libras Denariorum Deniers At last by the intercession of 48 Sir Robert Rob. Fitz-Hammon and Henry Earl of Warwick the King yielded that instead of the money which he demanded for a Grant of the mannour Bishop Gundulph because he was well vers'd in Architecture and Masonry should build for him the Castle of Rochester all of stone and at his own proper charges At length when the Bishops tho' with some difficulty were brought to a compliance Bishop Gundulph built the castle entirely at his own cost And a little while after K. Henry 1. as Florence of Worcester has it granted to the Church of Canterbury and the Archbishops the custody and Constableship of it for ever and liberty to build a tower for themselves within it Since which time it has suffer'd one or two sieges but then especially when the Barons wars alarm'd all England and Simon de Montefort 49 Earl of Leicester vigoâously assaulted it tho' in vain and cut down the wooden bridge Instead of which a curious arch'd stone bridge was afterwards built with money rais'd out of the French spoils by John Cobham 50 Which was after repair'd But in the time of K. Rich. 2. Sir Robert c. and Robert * Call'd Canolius by the French Knowles the latter whereof rais'd himself by his warlike courage from nothing to the highest pitch of honour 51 At the end of the said bridge Sir John Cobham who much further'd the work erected a Chapel for our Elders built no notable bridge without a Chapel upon which besides the Arms of Saints are seen the Arms of the King and his three Uncles then living And long after Archbishop Warham coped a great part of the said bridge with iron-bars q The Medway posts thro' this bridge with a violent course like a torrent and as it were with a sort of struggling but presently growing more calm affords a Dock 52 At Gillingham and Chetham to the best appointed fleet that ever the Sun saw ready upon all emergent occasions The Royal Navy and built at great expence by the most serene Qu. Elizabeth for the safety of her Kingdoms See more of this at the end of the Additions to this County and the terror of her enemies who also for the security of it hath rais'd a fort upon the bank r 53 At Upnore Now Medway grown fuller and broader makes a pleasant show with it's curling waves and passes through fruitful fields till divided by Shepey-Island which I fancy to be the same that Ptolemy calls Toliatis it is carry'd into the aestuary of Thames by two mouths the one whereof westward is call d West-swale as the eastern one which seems to have cut Shepey Shepey from the Continent East-swale but by Bede Genlad and Yenlett This Island from the Sheep a multitude whereof it feeds was call'd by our Ancestors Shepey i.e. an island of sheep 't is exceeding fruitful in corn but wants wood being 21 miles in compass Upon the northern shore it had a small Monastery call'd now Minster Minster built by Sexburga wife to Ercombert King of Kent in the year 710. Below which a certain Brabander lately undertook to make brimstone and coperas out of stones found upon the shore by boyling them in a furnace Upon the west side it is fronted with a most neat and strong castle built by King Edward 3. and is as he himself writes of a pleasant situation to the terrour of the enemy and comfort of his own subjects To this he added a Burgh and in honour of Philippa of Hainault his Queen call'd it Queenborrough Queenborrough i.e. the burgh of the Queen The present Constable of it is 54 Sir Edward Edward Hoby a person whom I am always oblig'd to respect and who has very much improv'd his own excellent wit with the studies of Learning Upon the east is Shurland Shurland formerly belonging to the Cheineys now to 55 Sir Philip. Philip Herbert second son to Henry Earl of Pembroke whom K. James the same day created both Baron Herbert of Shurland and Earl of Montgomery This Island belongs to the Hundred of Midleton so call'd from the town of Midleton now Milton Milton It was formerly a Royal Village and of much more note than at present tho' Hasting the Danish pyrate fortify'd a Castle hard by it in the year 893. with a design to do it what mischief he could s Sittingburn Sittingborn a town well stor'd with Inns t and the remains of Tong-castle Tong. appear in the neighbourhood 56 With his new Mayor and Corporation which as some write was so call'd for that Hengist built it by a measure of thougs cut out of a beast's hide when Vortigern gave so much land to fortifie upon as he could encompas with a beast's hide cut into thongs Since the Conquest c. this last was the ancient Seat of Guncellin de Badilsmer The Family of Badilsmer a person of great Honours whose son Bartholomew begat that Guncellin who by the heiress of Ralph Fitz Bernard Lord
Dissolution the plate and jewels thereof fill'd two great chests each whereof requir'd eight men to carry them out of the Church Monast Angl. vol. 1. p. 18. So that the name of Christ to whom it was dedicated was almost quite laid aside for that of S. Thomas Nor was it so much fam'd for any other thing as the memory and burial of this man tho' it has some other tombs that may deservedly be boasted of particularly Edward Prince of Wales sirnam'd the Black a heroe for his valour in war a downright miracle and Henry 4. that potent King of England But King Henry 8. dispers'd all this wealth that had been so long in gathering and drove out the Monks in lieu whereof this Christ-Church has a Dean Archdeacon 12 Prebendaries and 6 Preachers whose business it is to sow the word of God in the neighbouring places It had another Church below the city to the East which disputed preeminence with this St. Augustine's commonly St. Austen's known by the name of S. Austin's because S. Austin himself and K. Ethelbert by his advice founded it to the honour of S. Peter and S. Paul for a burying place both to the Kings of Kent and the Archbishops for it was not then lawful to bury in Cities it was richly endow'd and the Abbot there had a Mint granted him and the Privilege of coyning money Now as the greatest part of it lyes in its own ruines and the rest is turn'd into a house for the King any one that beholds it may easily apprehend what it has been Austin himself was bury'd in the Porch of it and as Thomas Spot has told us with this Epitaph Inclytus Anglorum praesul pius decus altum Hic Augustinus requiescit corpore sanctus The Kingdom 's honour and the Church's grace Here Austin England's blest Apostle lays But Bede o Tho' Bede may be otherwise very good authority yet here he certainly fails for the title Archiepiscopus occurring in it is a plain evidence that 't is of later date since that title could not be then in the Western Church nor was it allow'd commonly to Metropolitans as Mabillon and others have observ'd till about the ninth age See Stillingfleet 's Origin Britan. p. 21 22. who is better authority assures us that he had over him this much more ancient Inscription HIC REQVIESCIT DOMINVS AVGVSTINVS DOROVERNENSIS ARCHIEPISCOPVS PRIMVS QVI OLIM HVC A BEATO GREGORIO ROMANAE VRBIS PONTIFICE DIRECTVS ET A DEO OPERATIONE MIRACVLORVM SVFFVLTVS ET ETHELBERTHVM REGEM AC GENTEM ILLIVS AB IDOLORVM CVLTV AD FIDEM CHRISTI PERDVXIT ET COMPLETIS IN PACE DIEBVS OFFICII SVI DEFVNCTVS EST SEPTIMO KALENDAS IVNIAS EODEM REGE REGNANTE That is Here resteth S. Augustine the first Archbishop of Canterbury who being formerly dispatch'd hither by the blessed Gregory Bishop of Rome and supported of God by the working of miracles both drew Ethelberht with his kingdom from the worship of Idols to the faith of Christ and also having fulfill'd the days of his Office dy'd on the 7th of the Kalends of June in the same King's reign With him there were bury'd in the same porch the six Archbishops that immediately succeeded and in honour of the whole seven namely Austin Laurentius Mellitus Justus Honorius Deus-dedit and Theodosius were those verses engraven in marble SEPTEM SUNT ANGLI PRIMATES ET PROTOPATRES SEPTEM RECTORES SEPTEM COELOQVE TRIONES SEPTEM CISTERNAE VITAE SEPTEMQVE LVCERNAE ET SEPTEM PALMAE REGNI SEPTEMQVE CORONAE SEPTEM SVNT STELLAE QUAS HAEC TENET AREA CELLAE Seven Patriarchs of England Primates seven Seven Rectors and seven Labourers in heaven Seven Cisterns pure of life seven Lamps of light Seven Palms and of this Realm seven Crowns full bright Seven Stars are here bestow'd in vault below It will not be very material to take notice of another Church near this which as Bede has it was built by the Romans and dedicated to S. Martin and in which before the coming of Austin Bertha of the blood Royal of the Franks and wife of Ethelbert was us'd to have divine Service celebrated according to the Christian Religion As to the Castle which appears on the south-side of the City with it's decay'd bulwarks since it does not seem to be of any great Antiquity I have nothing memorable to say of it but only that it was built by the Normans Of the dignity of the See of Canterbury which was formerly very great I shall only say thus much that as in former ages under the Hierarchy of the Church of Rome the Archbishops of Canterbury were Primates of all England Legates of the Pope and as Pope Urban 2. express'd it as it were Patriarchs of another world so when the Pope's Authority was thrown off it was decreed by a Synod held in the year 1534. that laying aside that title Primate and Metropolitan of all England they should be stil'd Primates and Metropolitans of all England This dignity was lately possess'd by the most reverend Father in God John Whitgift who having consecrated his whole life to God and his utmost endeavours to the service of the Church dy'd in the year 1604. extremely lamented by all good men He was succeeded by Richard Bancroft a man of singular courage and prudence in matters relating to the establishment of the Church Canterbury is 51 degrees 16 minutes in Latitude and 24 degrees 51 minutes in Longitude xx After Stour has gather'd it's waters into one chanel it runs by Hackington Hackington where Lora Countess of Leicester a very honorable Lady in her time quitting the pleasures of the world sequester'd her self from all commerce with it to have her time entire for the service of God At which time Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury began a Church in this place to the honour of S. Stephen and Thomas of Canterbury but the Authority of the Pope prohibiting it for fear it should tend to the prejudice of the Monks of Canterbury he let his design fall However from that time the place has kept the name of S. Stephens S. Stephens and Sir Roger Manwood Knight Lord chief Baron of the Exchequer a person of great knowledge in our Common Law to whose munificence the poor inhabitants are very much indebted was lately it's greatest ornament nor is his son Sir Peter Manwood Knight of the Bath a less honour to it at this day whom I could not but mention with this respect and deference since he is an encourager of virtue learning and learned men From hence the Stour by Fordich Fordich which in Domesday-book is call'd the little burrough of Forewich famous for it's excellent trouts passes on to Sturemouth 69 Which it hath now forsaken a mile and more yet left and bequeathed his name to it But now by Stoure-mouth runneth a brook which issuing out of S. Eadburgh's Well at Liming where the daughter to K. Ethelbert first of our
no great intreaty to perswade this young Gallant to undertake an employment so amorous and pleasing The way to destruction is easie and quickly learnt he seem'd wonderful cunning to himself but all his cunning was but folly In him were concentred all those accomplishments that might captivate foolish and unthinking virgins beauty wit riches and an obliging mein and he was mighty solicitous to have a private apartment to himself The Devil therefore expelled Pallas and brought in Venus and converted the Church of our Saviour and his Saints into an accursed Pantheon the Temple into a very Stew and the Lambs were transformed into Wolves When many of them proved with child and the youth began to languish being overcome with the excess and variety of pleasure he hastens home with the reports of his conquests worthy to have the reward of iniquity to his expecting lord and uncle The Earl immediately addresses the King and acquaints him That the Abbess and the Nuns were gotten with child and had rendred themselves prostitutes to all comers all which upon inquisition was found true Upon the expulsion of the Nuns he begs Berkley had it granted him by the King and settled it upon his wife Gueda but as Doomsday-book âomsday-âok hath it she refused to eat any thing out of this Manour because of the destruction of the Abby And therefore he bought Udecester for her maintenance whilst she lived at Berkley thus a conscientious mind will never enrich it self with ill gotten possessions I had rather you should be informed from Historians than from me how King Edward 2. being deprived of his Kingdom by the artifice of his wife was afterwards murder'd in this Castle by the damnable subtilty of Adam Bishop of Hereford âe ââness ãâã Bishop who sent these enigmatical words to his keepers without either point or comma Edvardum occidere nolite timere bonum est To seek to shed King Edward's blood Refuse to fear I think it good So that by the double sence and construction of the words they might be encouraged to commit the murther âârder of ââward 2. and he plausibly vindicate himself to the people from giving any directions in it Below this place the little river Aven runs into the sea at the head whereof scarce 8 miles from the shore on the hills near Alderley a small town are found various stones resembling Cockles and Oysters ââones like âockles which whether they were living animals or the ludicrous fancies of nature let natural Philosophers enquire But Fracastorius the Prince of Philosophers in our age makes no question but that they were animals engendred in the sea and so carried by the waters to the tops of the mountains for he affirms hills to have been cast up by the sea and that they were at first only heaps of sand tumbled together and fixed there by the waters also that the sea overflow'd where the hills now rise aloft upon whose return into its wonted course there was first discovery made both of Islands and Hills q But these things are beside my purpose Trajectus The Trajectus that Antonine mentions to be opposite to Abon where they used to pass the Severne was as I imagine by the name heretofore at Oldbury i.e. if you interpret the word an ancient Burrough as now we ferry over at Aust a village somewhat lower r âust Vilââge This was formerly call'd Aust Clive âust-clive for it is situate upon a very high craggy cliff What the aforementioned Mapes has told us was done in this place is worth your knowledge Edward the elder saith he lying at Aust Clive and Leolin Prince of Wales at Bethesley when the latter would neither come down to a conference nor cross the Severn Edward passed over to Leolin who seeing the King and knowing who he was threw his royal Robes upon the ground which he had prepared to sit in judgment with and leaped into the water breast high and embracing the boat said Most wise King your humility has conquer'd my pride Pride conquer'd by humility and your wisdom triumphed over my folly mount upon that neck which I have foolishly exalted against you so shall you enter into that Country which your goodness hath this day made your own And so taking him upon his shoulders he made him sit upon his Robes and joyning hands did him hominium homage On the same shore is situate Thornbury Thornbury where are to be seen the foundations of a magnificent Castle which Edward last Duke of Buckingham designed to erect in the year 1511. as the inscription makes it appear s 11 When he had taken down an ancient house which Hugh Audeley Earl of Glocester had formerly built Seven miles from hence the river Avon running into Severne separates Glocestershire and Somersetshire and not far from the river-side is seen puckle-Puckle-church puckle- puckle-Puckle-church anciently a royal village call'd Puckle-kerks where Edmund King of England was kill'd with a dagger as he interposed himself between Leof a noted Thief and his Sewer that were quarrelling t Near this place lyeth Winterbourne of which the g They had their name from Bradstone in the Parish of Berkley where there erected a Chantry Bradstones Bradstones were Lords 12 Among whom Sir Thomas was summoned among the Barons in the time of King Edward 3. from whom the Viscounts Montacute Barons of Wentworth c. are descended as also Acton Acton Ireton which gave name to a Knightly family whose heiress being married to Sir Nicholas Pointz Pointz in the time of Edward 2. left it to her Posterity Derham a small Village in the Saxon Deorham Deorham Marianus where Ceaulin the Saxon in a bloody engagement slew three of the British Princes Commeail Condidan Fariemeiol with divers others and so dispossessed the Britains of that part of their Country for ever There are yet to be seen in that place huge Rampiers and Trenches as Fortifications of their Camps and other most infallible signs of so great a war This was the Barony of James de novo Mercatu Jacobus de Novo-mercatu who having three daughters married them to Nicholas de Moils John de Botereaux and Ralph Russel whose Posterity being enrich'd by marrying into the honourable Family of the Gorges assumed that name u 13 But from Ralph Russel the heir this Deorham descended to the family of Venis Above these is Sodbury known by the family of Walsh and neighbours thereunto are Wike-ware the ancient seat of the Family De-la-ware Woton under Edge which yet remembreth the slaughter of Sir Thomas Talbot Viscount Lisle here slain in the time of King Edward 4. in an encounter with the Lord Barkley about possessions since which time hath continued suits between their Posterity until now lately they were finally compounded More northward is seen Duresly the ancient possession of the Berkleys hence call'd Berkleys of Duresly 14 Who built
here a Castle now more than ruinous they were Founders of the adjacent Abby of Kingswood of the Cistercian order w 15 Derived from Tintern whom Maud the Empress greatly enriched The males of this House failed in the time of King Richard 2. and the Heir General was married to Cantelow Within one mile of this where the river Cam lately spoken of springeth is Uleigh a seat also of the Barkleys descended from the Barons Barkley styled of Uleigh and Stoke-Giffard who were found Coheirs to J. Baron Boutetort descended from the Baron Zouch of Richard Castles aliàs Mortimer and the Somerys Lords of Dueley And not far eastward we behold Beverstone-castle Beverston formerly belonging to the Gournys and Ab-Adams Ab-Adams who flourish'd under Edward 1. but afterwards to the Knightly family of the Berkleys x Hitherto I have made cursory remarks upon those places in this County which are situate beyond or upon Severn now I will pass forward to the easterly parts which I observ'd were hilly to wit Cotswold Cotswold which takes it's name from the hills and sheepcotes for mountains and hills 16 Without woods the Englishmen in old times termed Woulds Would what in English upon which account the ancient Glossary interprets the Alps of Italy the Woulds of Italy Upon these hills are fed large flocks of sheep with the whitest wool having long necks and square Bodies by reason as is supposed of their hilly and short pasture whose fine wool is much valued in foreign nations Under the side of these hills as it were in a neighbourhood together lye these following places most remarkable for their Antiquity y 17 Beginning at the north-east end of them Campden Campden commonly called Camden a noted market town where as John Castor averrs all the Kings of the Saxon Race had a congress in the year 689 and had a common consult how to carry on the war joyntly against the Britains which town 16 Weston and Biselay were in the possession of Hugh Earl of Chester in William the Conqueror's time Inq. 2. Ed. 2. was in the possession of Hugh Earl of Chester and from his posterity descended 17 By Nicolao de Albeniaco an Inheritrice to the ancient Earls of Arundel unto Roger de Somery by Nicholas de Albeniaco to Roger de Somery z h This place is in Warwickshire Adjoyning unto it is Weston of no great antiquity but now remarkable for the stately house there built by Ralph Sheldon for him and his posterity which at a great distance makes a fine prospect Hales Hales a most flourishing Abbey built by Richard Earl of Cornwal and King of the Romans 18 Who was there buried with his wife Sanchia daughter to the Earl of Provence famous for its scholar Alexander de Hales a great master of that knotty and subtile sort of school divinity aa 19 As he carried away the sirname of Doctor Irrefragabilis that is the Doctor ungainsaid as he that could not be gainsaid Sudley Sudley formerly Sudleagh i The neat Church here was ruin'd in the Civil wars and the best part of the Castle is since pull'd down a beautiful castle lately the seat 20 Of Sir Tho. Seimor Baron Seimor of Sudley and Admiral of England attainted in the time of K. Edw. 6 and afterward of Sir John Bruges whom Q. Mary c. of Giles Bruges Baron of Chandos Barons of Chandos whose grandfather John was honoured by Queen Mary with that title because he derived his pedigree from the ancient family of Chandos out of which there flourish'd in the reign of K. Edw. 3. 21 Sir John a famous Banneret L. of Caumont and Kerkitou in France John Chandos Viscount St. Saviours in France eminent for his services and great success in war The former Lords hence called Barons of Sudley Barons of Sudley that lived here were of an ancient English Race deducing their original from Goda the daughter of K. Aethelred whose son Ralph Medantinus Earl of Hereford was the father of Harold Lord of Sudley whose progeny long continued here until for want of issue male the heiress married with 22 Sir William William Butler of the family of Wem and brought him a son named Thomas He was father of Ralph Lord high Treasurer of England whom Hen. 6. created Baron of Sudley 23 With a fee of 200 marks yearly and who new built this castle His sisters were married into the families of Northbury and Belknape by which their possessions were in a short time divided into different families Hard by this is Toddington Toddington where the Tracies Tracies of a worshipful and ancient family have long flourished and formerly received many favours from the Barons of Sudley But how in the first reformation of religion William Tracy Lord of this place was censured after his death his body being dug up and burn'd publickly for some slight words in his last Will which those times call'd heretical or how in preceding times another William Tracy imbrued his hands in the blood of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury Ecclesiastical writers having told us at large is now no part of my business to relate Winchelcomb Winchelcomb is here seated which is a populous town where Kenulph the Mercian King erected a Monastery and upon the day of it's consecration freely dismissed Edbricth King of Kent then his prisoner without any ransome paid 'T is scarce credible in what great repute this monastery was for the sake of the reliques of K. Kenesm a child of 7 years old whom his sister privately bereaved of his life to gain the inheritance and who was by that age added to the number of martyrs The neighbourhood of this place was formerly reckoned as a County or Sheriffdom by it self for we find in an ancient manuscript belonging to the Church of Worcester these words Edric sirnamed Streona that is the * Adquisitor Acquirer who under Ethelred and afterwards under Cnute or Canute presided and reigned as a Viceroy over all England adjoyned the Sheriffdom of Winchelcombe which was then an entire thing in it self to the County of Glocester bb 24 Thence I found nothing memorable but near the fountain of Churn river Coberley a seat of a stem of Barkeleis so often named even from the Conquest which matched with an heir of Chandos and so came hereditarily to the Bruges progenitors to the Lords Chandos Then by Bird-lip-hill whereby we ascended to this high Coteswold Lower in the County lyeth Brimesfield Brimesfield where the Giffords were formerly Lords Giffords Barons to whom by marriage with the Cliffords came a plentiful Estate but soon after having only daughters it fell to the Lords Le Strange of Blackmer the Audleys and others cc These places are situate amongst the hills but under the hills upon the East-confines of the County I saw that famous Roman highway call'd the Fosse
entertain'd a design to depose him For which after he was dead he was attainted of High Treason by Act of Parliament He being thus taken off the same King gave the title of Earl of Glocester to Thomas De-Spencer 38 In the right of his great Grandmother who a little while after met with no better fate than his great Grandfather 39 Sir Hugh Hugh had before him for he was prosecuted by Henry 4 and ignominiously degraded and beheaded at Bristol 40 By the Peoples fury Henry 5. created his brother Humphry the second Duke of Glocester who us'd to stile himself 41 In the first year of King Henry 6. as I have seen in an Instrument of his Humphrey by the Grace of God Son Brother and Uncie to Kings Luke of Glocester Earl of Hainault Holland Zeeland and Pembroke Lord of Friseland Great Chamberlain of the Kingdom of England Protector and Defender of the same Kingdom and Church of England Son Brother and Uncle of Kings Duke of Glocester Earl of Pembroke and Lord high Chamberlain of England He was a great Friend and Patron both of his Country and Learning but by the contrivance 42 Of a Woman of a woman he was taken off at St. Edmunds-Bury The third and last Duke was Richard the third brother to King Edward 4. who having inhumanly murther'd his Nephews usurp'd the Throne which within the space of two years he lost with his life in a pitcht battle and found by sad experience That an unsurped power unjustly gain'd is never lasting Richard 3. Concerning this last Duke of Glocester and his first entrance upon the Crown give me leave to act the part of an Historian for a while which I shall presently lay aside again as not being sufficiently qualify'd for such an undertaking When he was declared Protector of the Kingdom and had his two young nephews Edward 5. King of England and Richard Duke of York in his power he began to aim at the Crown and by a profuse liberality great gravity mixed with singular affability deep wisdom impartial Justice to all people joyned with other subtle devices he procured the affections of all and particularly gained the Lawyers on his side and so managed the matter that there was an humble Petition in the name of the Estates of the realm offer'd him in which they earnestly pray'd him That for the publick good of the Kingdom and safety of the People he would accept the Crown and thereby support his tottering Country and not suffer it to fall into utter ruin which without respect to the laws of Nature and those of the establish'd Government had been harrassed and perplexed with civil wars rapines murders and all other sorts of miseries ever since Edward 4. his brother being enchanted with love potions had contracted that unhappy march with Elizabeth Grey widow without the consent of Nobles or publication of Banns in a clandestine manner and not in the face of the Congregation contrary to the laudable custom of the Church of England And what was worse when he had pre-contracted himself to the Lady Eleanor Butler daughter to the Earl of Shrewsbury from whence it was apparent that his marriage was undoubtedly unlawful and that the issue proceeding thence must be illegitimate and not capable of inheriting the Crown Moreover since George Duke of Clarence second brother of Edward 4. was by Act of Parliament attainted of High Treason and his children excluded from all right of succession none could be ignorant that Richard remained the sole and undoubted heir of the kingdom who being born in England they well knew would seriously consult the good of his native Country and of whose birth and legitimacy there was not the least question or dispute whose wisdom also justice gallantry of mind and warlike exploits valiantly performed for the good of the Nation and the splendor of his noble extract as descended from the royal race of England France and Spain they were very well acquainted with and fully understood Wherefore having seriously considered again and again of these and many other reasons they did freely and voluntarily with an unanimous consent according to their Petition elect him to be their King and with prayers and tears out of the great confidence they had in him humbly besought him to accept of the Kingdom of England France and Ireland which were doubly his both by right of inheritance and election and that for the love which he bore to his native Country he would stretch forth his helping hand to save and protect it from impendent ruin Which if he performed they largely promis'd him all faith duty and allegiance otherwise they were resolv'd to endure the utmost extremity rather than suffer themselves to be brought into the bonds of a disgraceful slavery from which at present they were freed This humble Petition was presented to him before he accepted the Crown afterwards it was also offered in the great Council of the Nation and approved of and by their authority it was enacted and declared in a heap of words as the custom is That by the Laws of God Nature and of England and by a most laudable Custom Richard after a lawful Election Inauguration and Coronation was and is the true and undoubted King of England c. and that the inheritance of these Kingdoms rightfully belongs to the heirs of his body lawfully begotten and to use the very words as they are penned in the original Records It was enacted decreed and declar'd by authority of Parliament that all and singular the Contents in the aforesaid Bill are true and undoubted and that the same our Lord the King with the assent of the three Estates of the Realm and the authority aforesaid doth pronounce decree and declare the same to be true and undoubted I have more largely explained these matters that it may be understood how far the power of a Prince pretended godliness subtle arguings of Lawyers flattering hope cowardly fear desire of new changes and specious pretences may prevail against all right and justice even upon the great and wise assembly of the Nation But the same cannot be said of this Richard as was of Galba That he had been thought fit for Empire had he not reigned for he seated in the Empire deceived all mens expectations but this had been most worthy of a Kingdom had he not aspired thereunto by wicked ways and means so that in the opinion of the wise he is to be reckon'd in the number of bad men but of good Princes But I must not forget that I am a Chorographer and so must lay aside the Historian There are in this County 280 Parishes ADDITIONS to GLOCESTERSHIRE a GLocestershire in Saxon Gleaƿceastre-scyre and Gleaƿcestre-scyre is said to be in length 60 miles in breadth 26 and in circumference 190. The Vineyards mention'd by our Author have nothing left in this County but the places nam'd from them one near Tewkesbury at present
call'd the Vineyard Vineyards and another on a rising hill by Oversbridge near Glocester where was a large house moted round belonging to the Bishop of Glocester built about the year 1351. by the Abbot of Glocester but 't was totally ruin'd in the late Civil Wars b The Custom of having forfeited Estates return'd them is now lost by desuetude for upon the strictest enquiries among understanding men it does not appear that 't is us'd oâ claim'd in any part of this County c The present Forest of Dean âean forest contains about 30000 Acres the soil a deep clay fit for the growth of Oak The hills are full of Iron-ore which colour the several Springs that have their passage through them Here are several Fornaces for the making of Iron which by the violence of the fire becomes fluid and being brought to their forges are beat out into Barrs of various shapes The workmen are very industrious in seeking out the Beds of old Cinders which not being fully exhausted are burnt again in the furnaces and make the best Iron The Oak of the forest was so very considerable that 't is said to have been part of the Instructions of the Spanish Armada to destroy the timber of this place But what a foreign power could not effect our own Civil dissentions did for it went miserably to wrack in the Civil wars d The Aventon âventon mention'd by our Author is at present call'd Alvington being a Chapel of Ease to Wollaston the estate of Henry Duke of Beaufort St. Brevial's-Castle is now ruin'd and serves as a prison for offenders in the Forest It has been always esteem'd a place of trust and honour and several of the Nobility have been Governours of it His Grace the Duke of Beaufort is Constable of the place Here it is that the Mine-Court Swain-Mote and Speech-Court are kept wherein are several old Customs of Pleading e By the river Wye lyeth Newland âwland a large Parish standing in a pleasant plain where are vast Mine-pits of 60 or 70 foot deep and as large as a considerable Church Mr. Jones a Hamborow-Merchant erected here an Alms house for 16 poor men and women and gave a very good house and stipend to a Lecturer the Company of Haberdashers in London being Trustees North-west from hence is Westbury âestbury a very large Parish reputed about twenty miles in compass f Our next guide is the Severn âern which runs in this County above 40 miles by land 't is in some places 2 or 3 miles over and yet the tyde floweth the whole length of the current as high as Tewkesbury It is remarkable that the tydes one year are largest at full Moon the next at the change and and that one year the night-tydes are largest the other the day-tydes g This river first goes to Tewkesbury âwkesây where but little of the Abbey remains saving only the Church which is now Parochial and had once a fair Spire upon it Mr. Fuller in his Church-History makes it a controverted point whether the Abbot of Tewkesbury had a voice in Parliament but by Bishop Godwin's Annals it appears he had one 1539. So that this County had four mitred Abbies Glocester Cirencester Tewkesbury and Winchcomhe The Corporation was dissolv'd by the Proclamation of King James 2. 1688. h At a little distance from hence is Deorhirst ârhirst where Mr. Powell in the year 1675. dug up in his Orchard an old stone with this Inscription Odda Dux jussit hanc Regiam Aulam construi atque dedicari in honorem S. Trinitatis pro animâ germani sui Elfrici quae de hoc loco assumpta Ealdredus vero Episcopus qui eandem dedicavit 2 Idibus April 14. autem anno S. Regni Eadwardi Regis Anglorum i.e. Duke Odda commanded this Royal Palace to be built and to be dedicated to the Holy Trinity for the soul of his Cousin Elfrick which was parted from his body in this place But Ealdred was the Bishop who consecrated it on the second of the Ides of April and the 14th year of the reign of the Holy King Edward i Next is what our Author calls Oleaneag Olaniage in Saxon instead of Olanige for so our ancient Annals read it and makes it famous for the battle between Edmund and Canutus But general tradition will not allow this to be the place neither is it justify'd by any analogy between the old and new names Near Glocester betwixt Oversbridge and Maysemore there is an Island call'd to this day the Isle of Alney which one need not scruple to say was the very place of that action k From hence the Severn runs to Glocester Glocester in Saxon GleaÆ¿anceaster where the Castle mention'd by Mr. Camden is now the common Goal for Debtors and Felons The Monastery built there by Osrick being ruin'd and decay'd was repair'd by Beornulph King of the Mercians in the year 821. who chang'd the former institution into Seculars and they continued till Wulstan Bishop of Worcester plac'd Regulars there of the Order of St. Benedict in the year 1022. A learned Member of this Church has discover'd by some ancient Records that Ralph Willington and not the two mention'd by our Author built our Lady's Chapel and gave Lands to find two Priests for ever there The Offerings at King Edward's Tomb were very large for presently after his death so great a respect was paid to the memory of their injur'd Prince that the Town was scarce able to receive the Votaries that flock'd thither And the Register of the Abbey affirms that if all the Oblations had been expended upon the Church they might have built an entire new one from the very foundation The Tower is so neat and curious that several Travellers have affirm'd it to be one of the best pieces of Architecture in England Abbot Seabroke the first designer of it dying left it to the care of Robert Tully a Monk of this place which is intimated in thole two verses written in black Letters under the arch of the Tower in the Quire Hoc quod digestum specularis opusque politum Tullii haec ex onere Seabroke Abbate jubente The Whispering-place seems to be purely accidental for if one survey the out-side of the Church he will see that two parts of it were tackt on only as passages into a Chapel erected there l As for the City King John made it a Burrough to be govern'd by two Bailiffs and King Henry 3. who was crown'd here made it a Corporation On the south-side of the Abbey King Edward 1. erected a noble Free-stone-gate which is still call'd Edward's Gate it was repair'd by the last Abbot but almost demolisht in the late Civil wars K. Richard the third gave it his Sword and Cap of Maintenance and added the two Hundreds but after the Restoration of King Charles 2. they were taken away by Act of Parliament and the walls pull'd down because they had
Burrill is single-trench'd and seems to have been ruin'd before fully finish'd Within the bank it contains 20 acres of arable land but on the west and south sides there is no bank nor trench which probably was occasion'd by the steep Meres that would not give leave to draw them The New-merch or de novo mercatu mention'd by our Author came in with the Conquerour but had only two daughters Hawys and Isabel as Sir William Dugdale in his Baronage has told us Mr. Camden's mistake in making three seems occasion'd by the elder being marry'd first to John Botereaux and afterwards to Nicholas de Moels which two he says marry'd two of the daughters This Deorham from Ralph Russel descended to Sir Gilbert Dennys who marry'd the heiress of that family thence to the Winters whose heiress marry'd to William Blathwayt Esq the present possessor he hath built here a stately new fabrick in the room of the old one Not far from hence lyeth Great Badminton Great Bâminton a seat belonging to his Grace Henry Duke of Beaufort which having been made his Country-residence since the demolishment of Rayland Castle is so adorn'd with stately additions to the house large parks neat and spacious gardens variety of fountains walks avenues Paddocks and other contrivances for recreation and pleasure as to make it justly esteem'd one of the most complete seats in the kingdom all which is owing to the care judgment and expence of the present Duke But here we must not omit Chipping-Sodbury Chippinâ-Sodbury a market-town below the hills which hath a Free-school and was govern'd by a Bailiff but about 1681. 't was made a Corporation with a Mayor Aldermen and Burgesses which was suppressed by the Proclamation of K. James 1688. Next is Wotton-under-edge Wotton-under-eâ famous for Cloathing where is a noble Free-school erected by Catherine relict of Thomas Lord Berkley in the year 1385. an Alms-house by Hugh Perry Alderman of London in 1632. which cost 1000 l. and the like sum was given by Sir Jonathan Daws late Sheriff of London for the relief of the poor w In this bottom lyeth Dursly Dursây a market-town famous for Cloathing Kingeswood Abbey which our Author mentions is by all writers plac'd in Glocestershire whereas the whole Parish is really in the County of Wilts under the power of their Sheriffs and Justices but within the Diocese of Glocester It was founded by William Berkley 1139. thence removed to Tetbury and at last fix'd here till the Dissolution x Above the hills is Beverston Beverston Castle which formerly belong'd to the Berkleys but is now in the possession of Sir William Hicks Baronet Beyond which lyeth Tetbury where is a great market for yarn and a Free-school and Alms-house by the bounty of Sir William Romney a native of the place It belong'd to the Berkleys but they sold their right to the inhabitants who now enjoy the tolls and profits of the markets and fairs y In Coteswold near Norlich or North-Leach at a village call'd Farmington Aubr MS. is an exceeding large Roman camp nam'd Norbury Norbury 850 paces long and 473 broad The Works are but single and not very high 't is now a corn-field and not far from it westward there is a barrow In the same Would is Painswick-Parish about 5 miles from Glocester â wherein is Kimsbury-Castle Kimsbury-Castle exceeding high Ibid. on the north-side it has a vast precipice and on the other sides stupendous Works From hence is a most lovely prospect over the Vale to Malvern-hills to Shropshire Worcestershire Herefordshire and Monmouthshire z In the north part of the County is Camden âamden a market-town famous for Stockings It gave the title of Viscount to Sir Baptist Hicks 4 Car. 1. who was a great benefactor to this place by erecting an Alms-house rebuilding the market-place and annexing the Impropriation of Winfryth in Dorsetshire for the augmentation of the Vicaridge He built here a curious house near the Church which was burnt in the late Civil Wars lest it should be a garrison for the Parliament and lyes bury'd in the south I le of the Church which is adorn'd with such noble monuments of marble as equal if not exceed most in England He gave in his life-time ten thousand pounds to charitable uses as his Epitaph mentions and leaving only two daughters the honour descended to my Lord Noel by marrying the eldest of them whose posterity are now Earls of Gainsburrow The Weston mention'd by our Author near this place is not that where Ralph Sheldon built his house for he had no land there but Weston in the parish of Long-Compton in Warwickshire of which place he was then Lord as his posterity are to this day Beyond Camden on a rising ground is Ebburton where the Lord Chancellour Fortescue lies buried his monument was not erected till the year 1677. aa Next is Hales-Abbey which was begun in the year 1246. and when 't was dedicated the King Queen and Court were all present at the solemnity There are now but small remains of it only a neat cloyster the rest being turn'd into a fair house now in the possession of William Lord Tracy of Toddington two miles off where he has a stately house the seat of his Ancestors Alexander de Hales mention'd by our Author lies bury'd in the Cordeliers Church in Paris and if his Epitaph says true dy'd 1245. a year before this Abbey was begun so that I do not see how he could have his education here bb Not far from hence is Winchcomb Wânchcomb where are scarce any ruins visible either of the Abbey or of that which was call'd Ivy-Castle or of St. Nicholas Church that stood in the east part of the town The inhabitants made planting of Tobacco their chief business which turn'd to good account till restrain'd by the 12 Car. 2. they decay'd by little and little and are now generally poor cc A little lower lies Brimpsfield Brimpsfield which was formerly a place of some repute for we find that Lionel Duke of Clarence had a Charter for a weekly market here on Tuesdays and a Fair on the Eve of Corpus Christi here was also a Priory and a Castle but both are vanish'd John Gifford Lord of this place founded Glocester-hall in Oxon. for the Monks of Glocester dd On the edge of Oxfordshire is Stow Stow. a great market where as the common observation goes they have but one element viz. Air there being neither wood common field nor water belonging to the town It hath an Alms-house a Free school and a multitude of poor Here in the year 1645. March 21. the forces of King Charles 1. being over-power'd were routed by the Parliament-Army ee Next is North leach Northleach a market-town with a neat Church Here is a good Grammar-school founded by Hugh Westwood Esq who as 't is commonly reported came afterwards to be low in the world and desiring
expresly says that the Founders did therein instituere Canonicos seculares who were of the Order of S. Augustine Roger de Iveri is there mention'd as a Co-Founder a Parish-Church dedicated to St. George to which the Parishioners not having free access when the Empress Maud was closely besieg'd in this castle by King Stephen the Chapel of St. Thomas Å¿ Westward from the Castle hard by was built for that purpose He is supposed likewise to have beautified the city with new walls which are now by age sensibly impair'd Robert his Nephew son of his brother Nigel Chamberlain to King Hen. 1. t Who design'd thereby to expiate the sins of her former unchaste life and to prevail with her husband told him a story of the chattering of birds and the interpretation of a Frier which legendary tale Leland tells us was painted near her Tomb in that Abbey by persuasion of his wife Edith daughter of Furn who had been the last Concubine of that Prince in the island meadows nigh the castle built Oseny Oseney Abby which the ruins of the walls still shew to have been very large At the same time as we read in the Register of the said Abbey of Oseney Robert Pulein began to read the holy scriptures at Oxford which were before grown almost out of use in England which person after he had much profited the English and French Churches by his good doctrine was invited to Rome by Pope Lucius 2. and promoted to the dignity of Chancellour of that See To the same purpose John Rous of Warwick writes thus By the care of Keng Henry the first the Lecture of Divinity which had been long intermitted began again to flourish and this Prince built there a new Palace which was afterward converted by King Edward 2. into a Convent for Carmelite Friers But u Richard Ceur de Lion third son of Henry and Queen Eleanor his wife was born on the Feast of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary An. 1157. 4 Hen. 1. in the King's Palace of Beaumont in a Chamber upon the ground whereof the Carmelites when this house was given them by King Edw. 2. built a Belfrey and Tower of which they us'd to boast as the place of Nativity to this Martial Prince long before this conversion was born in that Palace the truly Lion-hearted Prince King Richard 1. commonly call'd Ceur de Lion Richard ceur de Lyon a Monarch of a great and elevated Soul born for the glory of England and protection of the Christian world and for the terror and confusion of Pagans and Infidels Upon whose death a Poet of that age has these tolerable verses Viscera Carleolum corpus Fons servat Ebrardi Et cor Rothomagum magne Richarde tuum In tria dividitur unus qui plus fuit uno Nec superest uno gloria tanta viro Hic Richarde jaces sed mors si cederet armis Victa timore tui cederet ipsa tuis Great Richard's body's at Fontevrault shown His bowels at Carlisle his head at Roan He now makes three because too great for one Richard lyes dead but death had fear'd his power Could this proud Tyrant own a Conquerour The City being thus adorn'd with beautiful buildings many Students began to flock hither as to the common Mart of civility and good letters So that learning here quickly reviv'd chiefly through the care of the foresaid Robert Pulein a man born to promote the interest of the learned world who spar'd no trouble and pains to cleanse and open the fountains of the Muses which had been so miserably dried and damm'd up under the favour and protection of King Henry 1. King Henry 2. and Richard his son whom I mention'd just before And he met with such fortunate success in his endeavours that in the reign of King John there were three thousand Students in this place who went away altogether some to Reading and some to Cambridge w As also to Maidstone Salisbury and other places when they could no longer bear the x Which happen'd An. 1209. the 10th of King John upon a Clerk in Oxford accidentally killing a woman and complaint being made to the King then at Woodstock he commanded two of the Scholars who upon suspicion of that fact had been imprison'd by the Towns-men to be immediately hang'd without the City walls This so much offended and frighted the poor Scholars that they all deserted the Town But the Inhabitants being soon sensible of the desolation and poverty they had brought upon themselves did upon their knees deprecate the fault at Westminster before Nicholas the Pope's Legate and submitted to a publick Penance Upon which the dispersed Scholars after five years absence return'd to Oxford An. 1214. and obtain'd some new Privileges for their more effectual protections abuses of the rude and insolent Citizens but when these tumults were appeas'd they soon after return'd Then and in the following times as Divine Providence seem'd to set apart this City for a seat of the Muses so did the same Providence raise up a great number of excellent Princes and Prelates who exercis'd their piety and bounty in this place for the promoting and encouraging of Arts and all good Literature And when King Henry 3. came hither and visited the shrine of S. Frideswide which was before thought a dangerous crime in any Prince and so took away that superstitious scruple which had before hindred several Kings from entring within the walls of Oxford He here conven'd a Parliament to adjust the differences between him and the Barons and at that time confirm'd the privileges granted to the University by his Predecessors and added some new acts of grace and favour After which the number of learned men so far encreas'd as to afford a constant supply of persons qualified by divine and humane knowledge for the discharge of offices in Church and State So that Matthew Paris expresly calls Oxford The second School of the Church after Paris nay the very foundation of the Church r. For the Popes of Rome had before honour'd this place with the title of an University which at that time in their decretals they allow'd only to Paris Oxford Bononia and Salamanca And in the Council of Vienna it was determin'd That Schools for the Hebrew Arabic and Chaldaic tongues should be erected in the Studies of Paris Oxford Bononia and Salamanca as the most eminent that the knowledge of those Languages might be hereby propagated and encourag'd and that out of men of the Catholick Communion furnisht with sufficient abilities two should be chosen for the profession of each Tongue For the maintenance of which Professors in Oxford all the Prelates in England Scotland Ireland and Wales and all Monasteries Chapters Convents Colleges exempt and not exempt and all Rectors of parish-Parish-Churches should make a yearly contribution In which words one may easily observe that Oxford was the chief School in England Scotland Wales and Ireland and that
Stony-Stratford from the stones the publick street and the ford because the buildings are of Free-stone which is dug plentifully at Caversham hard by and because 't is seated on the publick street or high-way commonly term'd Watlingstreet which was a military way of the Romans Some remains of it are plainly to be seen beyond the town There was too a ford though it be now scarce passable The town is of a considerable largeness beautified with two Churches In the middle stands a Cross though not very splendid erected in memory of Queen Eleanor of Spain wife to Edw. 1. and adorn'd with the Arms of England Castile and Leon and of the County of Ponthieu to which she was heiress n Where formerly the Ford was the Ouse is now kept in by a stone-bridge whereas before it us'd in winter-floods to break out into the neighbouring fields with great violence On the other side of the bank which is something higher the inhabitants report the town to have heretofore stood Hard by is Pasham Pasham so call'd from passing the river so that it may probably be that pass which Edward the Elder maintain'd against the plundering Danes while he was fortifying Torcester But after the building of the bridge at Stony-Stratford this pass was wholly neglected If I should guess this town to have been the Lactorodum Lactorodum of Antoninus not only it's situation on a military way and the exact distances would favour my conjecture Leach in British signifies Stones Ri and Ryd a Ford. but the signification too of Lactorodum fetch'd from the British tongue agreeing excellently with this modern name for the words in both languages are deriv'd from Stones and a Ford. Passing hence the Ouse washes Wolverton Wolverton 18 Anciently Wolverington the seat of an ancient family so sirnam'd whose lands are nam'd in Records The Barony of Wolverington from whom it came to the house of Longvilles of ancient descent in these parts the seat of the Longavils and Newport-Paynel Newport-Paynel so call'd from the Lord of it Fulk Paganel From whom it descended to the Barons Somers of Dudley who had here their castle Thence thro' Terringham Terringham giving name and habitation to an ancient family o it runs to Oulney Oulney a small market-town Thus far and a little farther reaches the County of Buckingham limited by the Ouse The first Earl of Buckingham as far as I can yet understand was Walter sirnam'd Giffard son to Osbern de Bolebec a most famous man among the Normans whom in a Charter of Hen. 1. we find among the witnesses by the name of the Earl of Buckingham He was succeeded in this honour by a son of the same name who in the book of Abingdon-Monastery is stil'd Earl Walter the younger and is said to have dy'd 19 Issucless in the year 1164. In the reign of Hen. 2. Richard Strang-bow Earl of Pembroke 20 Call'd Conquerour of Ireland descended from the sister and heiress of Walter Giffard the second in some publick instruments made use of the same title But it afterwards lay vacant for a long time till conferr'd by Rich. 2. in the year 1377. on his Uncle Thomas of Woodstock of whom we have spoke before among the Dukes of Glocester Of his daughter married to Edmund Earl of Stafford was born Humphry Earl of Stafford created Duke of Buckingham by Hen. 6. 21 With an invidious precedence before all Dukes in England for whom valiantly fighting he was slain at the battel of Northampton To him succeeded his grandson Henry by his son l This Humphrey was slain in the life-time of his father the Duke at the battel of S. Albans 34 Hen. 6. Humphry who was the chief means of bringing that tyrant Rich. 3. to the Crown though he presently after endeavour'd to depose him because he would not restore him the estate of the Bohuns to which he was lawful heir p But being intercepted he lost his head and found too late that Tyrants commonly pull down those Scaffolds by which they ascended to their grandeur His son Edward being restor'd to all by the kindness of Hen. 7. through the wicked practices of Cardinal Wolsey lost the favour of Hen. 8. and was at last beheaded for treason for that among other things he had consulted a Wizzard about the Succession He dy'd much lamented by all good men When the Emperour Charles 5. heard of his death he is reported to have said 22 As 't is written in his life that a Butchers Dog had tore down the finest Buck in England 23 To the name Buckingham and c. alluding to Cardinal Wolsey's being the son of a Butcher Afterwards the splendour of this family so decay'd that they enjoy'd only the bare title of Earls of Stafford 24 Whereas they were stil'd before Dukes of Buckingham Earls of Stafford Hereford Northampton and Perch Lords of Brecknock Kimbolton and Tunbridge There are in this County 185 Parishes ADDITIONS to BVCKINGHAMSHIRE THIS County is in length reckon'd to be 39 miles in breadth 18. and the whole circumference about 138. a Though Beeches may grow here in great plenty yet I cannot conceive the name of the shire or its principal town drawn from them For the Saxons did not call those trees bucken but as appears by Aelfrick's Glossary bocas and any thing made of it becen Now our most ancient records showing neither Bockingham nor Beckingham but constantly retaining the second Letter u it is much more natural to derive it from the Saxon buc which the same Aelfric interprets cervus a buck or hart nothing being more probable than that those woody parts abounded with Dere As to the Buckenham in Norfolk urg'd by Mr. Camden to justifie his conjecture being as he says full of beeches we have the authority of * Iceni MS. Sir Henry Spelman that no such trees grow thereabouts which enclin'd him rather to choose the Saxon buc cervus for its original b Chiltern Chiltern by the Saxon Annals call'd Clitern our Author tells us comes from cylt or chylt being a chalky soil In the language of the Saxons there does not appear to be any such word they always expressing that by cealc and 't is certain that in their time it had this name Mr. Somner interprets it locus gelidus upon what grounds I know not unless he have respect to our present Chil. In the year 1009. the Danes pass'd over these hills in their journey out of Kent into Oxfordshire upon the mention whereof Florence of Worcester has it Saltus qui dicitur Clitern by which it appears that in those days this tract of hills was one continued wood as perhaps were a great many in other parts of England which are since converted to better uses c To go along with our Author through the County at Wickham Wickham was an hospital of St John Baptist the revenue whereof upon the general
this County is Harewood Harewood made remarkable for the standing of the river An. 1399. The very same thing happen'd as I have been inform'd the 18. or else the 28. of January in the year 1648. And as the first was look'd upon to be a prognostick of the Civil Wars that ensu'd so as the circumstances fall out may this be thought of K. Charles 1.'s death there being nothing so extraordinary on foot at that time nor any thing to which it can at least be so plausibly referr'd if we were to make a conjecture b Next is Odill Oââll where Leland tells us the Castle mention'd by our Author was in his time nothing but strange ruins and that it belong'd to the Lord Bray but whether it came immediately from them to the Chettwoods I know not c From hence the river runs to Bedford Bâdford which our Author says one would easily imagine to be two towns and tho' both sides of the river are govern'd by the same Magistrates viz. a Mayor two Bailiffs c. yet thus far they make their particular claims that whereas they have two weekly markets the south-side has the Tuesday-one considerable for all living cattel and the north-side the Saturday-one for all sorts of Corn. Of the five Churches also two are seated on the south and three on the north-side St. Pauls as * âinerar Mo. Leland tells us is the principal Church of the town and was before the Conquest a College of Prebendaries and after too till the Foundation of Newnham-Priory They had their houses round the Church and tho' as our Author observes Roisia was she that remov'd it â Ibid. yet her son Simon de Bello-Campo or Beauchamp confirming and completing the Act of his mother was look'd upon as the Founder and accordingly in his Epitaph which was before the high Altar of this Church he is call'd Fundator de Neweham d In the place of the Castle Mr. Camden speaks of is now a spacious Bowling-green look'd upon by the Gentry who resort thither in great numbers for their recreation to be as good as most in England e In this town was built and endow'd An. 561. a Free-school by Sir William Harper born in it bred a Merchant-Taylor in the city of London and afterwards Lord Mayor of it Within two miles of Bedford was an old Castle â Ibid. call'd by Leland Risingho-Castle Risingho-Castle which he says was a little by west from Castle-mill In his time the building was so entirely destroy'd that no part of it was visible but the Area of the Castle was easie to be trac'd and the great round hill where the Keep or Dungeon stood complete f Next is Sandye Sandy â Aubr MS. where have been discovered some farther evidences of Antiquity namely glass urns and one red urn like Coral with an Inscription They have ashes in them and are in the hands of a Gentleman in Bedford At Chesterfield also there is a Roman-Camp where there were coins and urns digg'd up about the year 1670. some of which were bestow'd upon the University of Oxford by Mr. Thomas Crysty of Bedford g South-west from hence is Houghton-Conquest Houghton-Conquest where are two Common-fields one call'd Great-Danes-field and the other Little-Danes-field * Ibid. in both of which are a great many Pits some 15 foot diameter or thereabouts h More to the South-west is Woburn Woburn not far from which there is dug up great store of Fullers earth commonly call'd from the place Woburn-earth a thing so very useful in Cloathing that the transportation of it has been strictly forbidden i Near the South-bounds of this County is Dunstaple Dunstaple which one should hardly believe upon the authority of a Monkish writer to be denominated from a famous robber Dun when the Saxon Dun and the old Gaulish or British Dunum does so well answer the situation of the place which as our Author describes it is hilly and mountainous beginning upon that long ridge of hills call'd Chiltern and besides we have his judgment that 't is very ancient â Fuller's Worthies p. 119. There was a woman who liv'd dy'd and was bury'd in this town that had as appears by her Epitaph nineteen Children at five births Five at two several births and three together at three others k More to the west is Leighton or Leyton Leyton â Ibid. call'd also Layton-buzzard corruptly from Beaudesert about half a mile from which is a Roman-Camp And as this shows the presence of that people there so the eminence of this town even in the beginning of the Saxon times seems to be prov'd from those Conquests of Cuthwulph in the year 571. wherein among others he is said by the Saxon-Annals to have taken LygeanburH which seems to me much more properly to belong to this Leyton than to Loughborrow in Leicestershire the place pitch'd upon by our Author For setting aside that the Saxons generally fixt in such places as the Romans had been in an observation that may be confirm'd by numbers of instances the old name and new agree very well The termination burH has a particular eye only to the fortification that was then there and why might not the Lygean be as well melted into Lay or Leigh as the river Lygea is now into Lee or Ley Besides the course of his Victories does best suit this for he went from LygeanburH to Ailesbury and then to Bensington in Oxfordshire which almost lye in a direct line whereas Loughborow lyes out of the road Continuation of the EARLS Edward the last Earl mention'd by our Author marry'd the daughter of John Lord Harington and dy'd in 1627. without issue Upon which this title came to Francis son of William fourth son to the last Francis Earl of Bedford and he was succeeded by William his eldest son who still enjoys it More rare Plants growing in Bedfordshire Caryophyllus minor repens nostras An Betonica coronaria sive Caryophyllata repens rubra J.B. Creeping wild Pink. On Sandy-hills not far from an ancient Roman Camp Gentianella fugax Autumnalis elatior Centaureae minoris foliis An Gentianella fugax quarta Clus The taller Autumnal Gentian with Centory-like leaves On Barton-hills upon a waste chalky ground as you go out of Dunstable-way towards Gorckambury Park p. 407. Glastum sativum Ger. Park Isatis sativa vel latifolia C. B. Isatis seu Glastum sativum J.B. Woad This plant is cultivated in this County in this manner They every year sow the seed it is never sown above two years together and pluck up the old Woad unless it be saved for seed It is fown about the beginning of March and cropt about the midst of May thereafter as the leaf comes up It is best in a fair and dry Summer but most in a moist then they crop it four or five times according as it comes The first cropt is best every crop after worse in
the Clergy and Laity residing upon any of the lands appertaining to this Monastery so that the Abbot hereof is not subject to any Archbishop Bishop or any Legate whatsoever but to the Pope alone This also deserves our Observation that when that great Prince Offa made a gift to the Pope of the Peter-pence commonly called Romescot out of his Kingdom he obtained of the Pope this particular privilege for the Church of St. Alban the Protomartyr of England that that Church might collect and retain to it's own use when collected all the Romescot or Peter-pence throughout Hertfordshire in which County that Church standeth Wherefore as the Church it self by the King's grant enjoys all manner of Royalties so the Abbot of the place for the time being hath all Episcopal Ornaments Also Pope Hadrian 4 who was born near Verulam granted to the Abbots of this Monastery these are the words of the Privilege That as St. Alban is well known to be the Protomartyr of the English Nation so the Abbot of his Monastery should in all times be reputed the first in dignity of all the Abbots in England Neither afteâwards did the Abbots neglect any particular that might be either useful or ornamental to it filling up with earth that very large Pool or Mere which lay under the town of Verulam The memory of this Pool remains in a certain street of the town still called Fishpool-street Anchors digg'd up Near which when certain Anchors in this age happen'd to be found in digging some men led into that mistake by a corrupted place in Gildas presently concluded that the Thames had formerly had it's course this way But concerning this Mere or Fishpool take if you please what is written by an ancient historian Alfricus the Abbot purchased for a great sum of money a large and deep pond called Fishpool which was very prejudicial by it's vicinity to the Church of St. Alban For the Fishery belonged to the Crown and the King's Officers and others that came to fish in it were troublesome and chargeable to the Monastery and the Monks The said Abbot therefore drein'd all the water out of this Pool and reduc'd it to dry land If I should lay any great stress on the Stories common amongst the people and should upon that bottom tell you what great store of Roman Coins how many images of gold and silver how many vessels how many marble pillars how many capitals in fine how many wonderful pieces of ancient work have been here fetch'd out of the earth I could not in reason expect to be credited However this short account which follows take upon the credit of an ancient Historian About the year 960. Ealred the Abbot in the reign of K. Edgar searching out the old subterraneous vaults of Verulam broke them all down and stop'd up all the ways and subterraneous passages which were arched over head very artificially and very firmly built some whereof were carried under the water which in old time almost encompassed the whole city This he did because these were ordinary lurking places of thieves and whores He also filled up the ditches of the city and stopt up certain caves thereabouts whither malefactors use to fly for shelter But he laid aside all the whole tiles and all such stones as he found fit for building Hard by the bank they happen'd upon certain oaken planks which had nails sticking in them and were covered over with pitch as also some other shipping-tackle particularly Anchors half eaten with rust and Oars of fâr And a little after Eadmer his Successor went forward with the work which Ealdred had begun and his diggers levelled the foundations of a palace in the middle of the old city and in a hollow place in the wall contrived like a small closet they happen d upon books having covers of oak and silk strings to them one whereof contain'd the life of St. Alban written in the British language the rest certain Pagan Ceremonies And when they had open'd the earth to a greater depth they met with old stone-tables tiles also and pillars pots and great earthen vessels neatly wrought and others of glass containing the ashes of the dead c. And at last out of these remains of old Verulam Eadmer built a new Monastery to St. Alban Thus much as to the Antiquity and Dignity of Verulam Now as to the praises of the place give me leave to add this Hexastic of Alexander Necham who was born there 400 years ago Urbs insignis erat Verolamia plus operosae Arti naturae debuit illa minus Pendragon Arthuri Patris haec obsessa laborem Septennem sprevit cive superba suo Hic est Martyrii roseo decoratus honore Albanus civis inclyta Roma tuus To ancient Verulam a famous town Much kindness art hath show'd but nature none Great Arthur's fire Pendragon's utmost power For seven long years did the proud walls endure Here holy Alban citizen of Rome Obtain'd the happy crown of martyrdom And in another place Hic locus aetatis nostrae primordia novit Annos foelices laetitiaeque dies Hic locus ingenuus pueriles imbuit annos Artibus nostrae laudis origo fuit Hic locus insignis magnósque creavit alumnos Foelix eximio Martyre gente situ Militat hic Christo noctéque dieque labori Invigilat sancto Religiosa cohors Here my first breath with happy stars was drawn Here my glad years and all my joys began In gradual knowledge here my mind increast Here the first sparks of glory fir'd my breast Hail noble town where fame shall ne're forget The Saint the citizens and happy seat Here heaven's true Soldiers with unwearied care And pious labour wage the Christian war But now the old Verulam is turned into Corn-fields and St. Albans St. Aâââââ flourisheth which rose up out of the ruins of it a neat and large town The Church of the said Monastery is still in being a pile of building which for its largeness beauty and antiquity may justly challenge a particular regard When the Monks were turned out it was by the towns-men purchased for four hundred pound otherwise it had been laid even with the ground and was converted into a parochial Church It hath in it a very noble Font of solid brass wherein the Children of the Kings of Scotland were wont to be baptized Which Font Sir Richard Lea A Fâââaâen ãâã the Scâââ spoâls Master of the Pioneers brought hither amongst the rest of the spoils taken in the Scotch wars and gave it to this Church whereon is to be read this proud Inscription CUM LAETHIA OPIDUM APUD SCOTOS NON INCELEBRE ET EDINBURGUS PRIMARIA APUD EOS CIVITAS INCENDIO CONFLAGRARENT RICHARDUS LEUS EQUES AURATUS ME FLAMMIS EREPTUM AD ANGLOS PERDUXIT HUJUS EGO TANTI BENEFICII MEMOR NON NISI REGUM LIBEROS LAVARE SOLITUS NUNC MEAM OPERAM ETIAM INFIMIS ANGLORUM LIBENTER CONDIXI LEUS VICTOR SIC VOLUIT
VALE ANNO DOMINI M.D.XLIII ET ANNO REGNI HENRICI OCTAVI XXXVI When Leith a town of good account in Scotland and Edinburgh the principal city of that Nation were on fire Sir Richard Lea Knight saved me out of the flames and brought me into England In gratitude to him for this his kindness I who heretofore served only at the baptism of the Children of Kings do now most willingly offer the same service even to the meanest of the English Nation Lea the Conquerour hath so commanded Adieu A. D. 1543. in the 36th year of King Henry the 8th l But to return to our business As Antiquity hath consecrated this place to Religion so Mars seems to have made it a seat of war To pass by others when our Nation had now almost spent as it were its vital spirits in the Civil wars between the two Houses of York and Lancaster there were two battels fought within this very town by the heads of the two parties with various success In the first fight Richard Duke of York defeated the Lancastrian party took King Henry the sixth prisoner and slew a great many persons of the best quality But four years after the Lancastrians had the advantage under the conduct of Queen Margaret routed the Yorkists and recovered their King m About this town to omit a certain fort in the neighbourhood which the vulgar call the Oister-hills but I am apt to think was the Camp of Ostorius the Propraetor the Abbots erected several pious and charitable foundations as a little Nunnery at Sopwell and St. Julian's Hospital for Lepers and another named St. Mary âf the ââdow de Pree for infirm women Near which they had a great Manour named Gorambery where 17 Sir Nicholas Nicholas Bacon Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England hath erected a structure becoming his character Near to this place lyeth Redborne âââborne which in modern language signifieth a Red-water And yet the water that runneth by this place 18 From Mergrate sometime a Religious House now a Seaâ of the Ferrers out of the House of Groby is no more red than that of the Red-Sea It was a place in old time very famous for the Reliques which were there found of Amphibalus the Martyr who was the person that first instructed St. Alban in the Christian Faith for which faith he also suffer'd under Dioclesian At present it is most remarkable for the old military high-way commonly calld Watlingstreet upon which it is seated and also for a certain brook near it call'd ât is also âd Weâr Wenmer which as the vulgar believe when ever it breaks out and swells higher than usual always portends dearth or troublesome times n Near unto this we have reason to look for Duro-co-brivae âo-coâa a station of which Antoninus makes mention though indeed the distance would perswade us otherwise For Redborne in our language and Dur-coh in the British or Welch tongue signifie one and the same thing to wit Red water Now to search after the situation of ancient places we have no better guides than ancient Inscriptions the course of the great roads the reason and similitude of names and rivers or lakes adjoyning although they do not exactly correspond to the several distances that are assign'd in the Itinerarie which may very well be since corrupted and the passage from one place to another cut shorter Certainly the old Duro-co-brivae must needs have been seated in the same place where that Roman high-way crossed this water to wit below Flamsted For just at this place at seven miles distance from Verulamium though now through the negligence of transcribers the number is chang'd to twelve a good large spring riseth at the road-side and crosseth it with a small stream which though here it have no name yet below St. Albans it is call'd Col. âra what ãâã And as to that termination Briva which is an adjunct to the names of very many places it signified as I suppose among the ancient Britains and Gauls a Bridge or the passage over a River since we find it no where us'd but at rivers In this Island there were one or two Durobrivae that is unless I am much deceiv'd passages over the water In Gaul there was Briva Isariae now Pontoise where was the passage over the Isara or Ysore Briva Oderae over the Odera and Samarobriva for that is the right name over the river Soain Somewhat higher upon a small hill standeth Flamsted âmsted which in the time of Edward the Confessor Leofstan Abbot of St. Albans gave to three Knights Turnot Waldef and Turman upon condition that they should secure the neighbouring country from robberies But William the Conquerour took it from them and gave it Roger de Todeney or Tony an eminent Norman with the title of Barony But in time it was by a daughter transferr'd to the Beauchamps Earls of Warwick Hence I passed southwards to Hemsted ââââted a small Market-town call'd Hehan-hamsted when King Offa made a grant of it to the Monastery of St. Albans It is seated among hills by the side of a small river which a little lower runs into another that goes through Berkhamsted âââkhamââââ In this place the Nobles of England had a meeting when by the perswasion of Fretheric then Abbot of St. Albans they were plotting to throw off the new Norman Government And thither came William the Conqueror in person as we read in the life of this Fretheric much concern'd for fear he should to his great disgrace lose that Kingdom which with so much blood he had purchas'd And after many debates in the presence of Lanfranc the Archbishop the King to settle a firm peace took an Oath upon all the Reliques of the Church of St. Alban and upon the holy Evangelists which the Abbot Fretheric administred That he would inviolably observe all the good approv'd and ancient Laws of the Kingdom which the most sacred and pious Kings of England his Predecessors and especially King Edward had established But most of these Noblemens estates he soon after seized and confiscated and bestowed this town upon Robert Earl of Moriton and Cornwal 19 His halfbrother who according to the common tradition built here a Castle with a rampart and a double ditch to it In which Castle Richard King of the Romans and Earl of Cornwal dy'd full of years and honours Upon default of issue of that Earl King Edward the third gave this town and castle to Edward his eldest son that most renown'd and warlike Prince whom he created Duke of Cornwal from whence even in our times it continues to be part of the possessions of the Dutchy of Cornwal This castle is now nothing else but ruin'd walls and one rude heap of stones above which upon a small hill Sir Edward Cary Kt. Master of the Jewels to the King descended from the house of the Carys in Devonshire 20 And the Beauforts
so naturally arising from the use of the Grant I cannot imagine there should be any thing more in 't * Ibid. p. 368. But though this do not much countenance the opinion yet ought it not to be altogether rejected as receiving some confirmation from the pieces of Antiquity dugg up hereabouts For in making the foundation of this new Fabrick among other things they cast up the teeth of Boars and of other beasts a piece of a Buck's horn with several fragments of Vessels which by the figure one would imagine to have been us'd in their Sacrifices A great number of these with an entire Urn a Lamp and other things belonging to the Roman Funerals and dugg up in Goodman's-fields are in the hands of my ingenious Friend Henry Worsley of Lincolns-Inn Esq Persons buried in this Church m To conclude the History of St. Paul's our Author gives us a breviat of the royal and noble persons interr'd in it to whom we must needs add Robert Braybrook Bishop of London and sometime Lord high Chancellor of England Dugd. Hist of St. Pauls who dy'd Aug. 27. Anno 1404. 5 Hen. 4. above 260 years before the ruin of this Church in 1666. yet upon pulling down the stone-work and removal of the rubbish his body was found entire the skin still inclosing the bones and fleshy parts only in the breast there was a hole made I suppose by accident through which one might either view or handle his lungs The skin was of a deep tawny colour and the body very light as appear'd to all who came to view and handle it it being expos'd in a Coffin for some time without any thing of an ill smell and then reinterr'd To which Mr. * Survey p. 227. Stow gives us a parallel History in this very City in the corps of one Alice Hackney wife of Richard Hackney Sheriff of London 15 Edw. 2. An. 1321. whose body being dugg up by the Labourers in April Anno 1497. as they were working the foundations of a Wall in the Parish Church of St. Mary-hill was found with her skin whole her bones all in their natural posture and the joynts of her arms pliable but yielding an ill smell after it had been kept four days above ground In which two last points this though equally entire differ'd from the former whence 't is very evident they had in ancient times more ways than one of preserving the dead from corruption as well as now Increase of London n And lastly to conclude his account of the whole City he gives us relations out of Malmsbury and Fitz Stephen of its excess in trade and magnitude at the time of the Conquest and increase in both since the Subuâbs in his time having extended themselves in one continued range of building as far as Westminster To which let me add its further advancement in our days which hath been so very great that as the ingenious â Politic Essây Sir William Petty hath probably computed it from the number of the burials and houses in each City the City of London in Anno 1683. or thereabout was as big as Paris and Rouen the two best Cities of the French Monarchy put together and that now above 7 parts of 15 having been new built since the great fire and the number of inhabitants increased near one half the total amounting to near 700000 it is become equal to Paris and Rome put together o In the Suburbs he takes notice of the most eminent buildings and amongst them of the Rolls Rolls in Chancery-lane which was founded by King Hen. 3. Anno 1233. in the 17th of his reign in the place of a Jews house to him forfeited for the support of converted Jews and therefore stiled Domus Conversorum where all such Jews and Infidels converted to the Christian Faith had sufficient maintenance allowed them were instructed in the Doctrine of Christ and liv d under a Christian Governour till Anno 1290. when all the Jews were banisht out of the realm by which means the number of Converts necessarily decaying and the house becoming as it were depopulated it was granted to William Burstall Custos Rotulorum by Letters Patents bearing date 51 Edw. 3. for keeping of the Rolls which Grant was ratified in Parliament 1 Rich. 2. and by other Letters Patents 6 Rich. 2. Notwithstanding which Grant and Ratifications all converted Jews have ever since been allowed and will be hereafter as often as any such shall appear one penny half penny per diem toward their maintenance which allowance was paid to Peter Samuel and John Maza two converted Jews Anno 1685. 2 Jac. 2. as appears by the Master of the Rolls account in the Hannaper and a Constat out of the Pell-office both of the date above-mention'd who were the two last I can find that ever enjoy'd this benefit * MS. in Capel Roâ p In the Suburbs lying along the Thames-side betwixt Temple-barr and Westminster were many other houses as well of the spiritual as temporal Nobility beside those mention'd by our Author For the Bishops of Exeter Bath and Wells Salisbury Lichfield and Coventry Worcester Norwich Landaff Carlisle Durham and the Archbishop of York had all anciently houses here and so had the Dukes of Buckingham and the Earls of Exeter Worcester and Northumberland as the Dukes of Somerset and Beaufort the Earls of Bedford Salisbury and Rivers have all still houses remaining here q From the Suburbs our Author proceeds next to the Abbey-Church of Westminster Westminster and the magnificent Chapel of King Henry 7. which he erected in the place of the Chapel of our Lady built before with the Church by King Henry 3. and a Tavern near adjoyning both which being pull'd down he laid the foundation of this Jan. 24. 1502 fetching most of the stone from Huddlestone quarrey in Yorkshire The whole charge of it amounted to no less than 14000 pound sterling His own Tomb of brass is here richly gilt made and finisht Anno 1519. by one Peter a painter of Florence for which he had paid him for materials and workmanship a thousand pound sterling by the King's Executors â Stow's Survey p. 499. The School The School as it is famous for the great service it has done both to Church and State so is it more particularly memorable for the relation our Author had once to it and for Dr. Busbey its present Master whose worth and learning has these many years supported its reputation To the latter of these it is beholding for its Museum and for several improvements both in beauty and convenience as is the Master's house wherein he has all along liv'd for its enlargement The same person has built his Prebend's house there anew has pav'd the Quire of Westminster-Abbey with white and black marble stone and added a building to the King's Hospital of Green-coats in Turtil-fields In Buckinghamshire he hath rais'd from the ground the Church of
without issue was succeeded by his brother Roger whose son Richard marry'd Amicia daughter and coheir of William Earl of Glocester and in right of her his posterity were Earls of Glocester whom you may find in their proper place But at last upon default of heir-male Leonel third son of Edw. 3. who had marry'd Elizabeth daughter and sole heir of William de Burgo Earl of Ulster by Elizabeth Clare was honour'd by his father with the new title of Duke of Clarence But he having only a daughter call'd Philippa wife of Edmund Mortimer Earl of March King Henry 4. created his younger son Thomas Duke of Clarence Dukes of Clarence who was Governour of Normandy 7 As also Lord High Steward of England and Earl of Albemarle and in the assaults of the Scots and French was slain in Anjou leaving no issue behind him A considerable time after Edward 4. conferr'd this honour upon George his brother whom after bitter quarrels and a most inveterate hatred between them he had receiv'd into favour yet for all that he at length dispatch'd him in prison ordering him to be drown'd as the report commonly goes â In dolio vini Cretici in a butt of Malmesey And thus 't is planted in the nature of man to hate those they fear and those with whom they have had quarrels for life even tho' they be brethren e From Clare the Stour runs by Long-Melford a beautiful Hospital lately built by that excellent person Sir William Cordall Knight Master of the Rolls to Sudbury Sudbury i.e. the Southern burrough which it almost encompasses The common opinion is e For Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction it has still something of preheminence the County being divided into the two Archdeaconries of Suffolk and of Sudbury that this was once the chief town of the County and that it had the name given it with respect to Norwich i.e. the northern village And indeed at this day it has no reason to give place to it's neighbours For 't is populous and thrives exceedingly by the Cloth-trade it 's chief Magistrate also is a Mayor who is annually chosen out of the seven Aldermen Not far from hence is Edwardeston Edwardeston a place of no great repute at present but had formerly Lords and inhabitants of great honour call'd de Monte Canisio and commonly Mont-chensy Barons de Montchensy Of which family Guarin marry'd the daughter and co-heir of that most powerful Earl of Pembroke William Marshal and had by her a daughter Joanna who brought to her husband William de Valentia of the family of Lusigny in France Minor Hist Matth. Par. the title of Earl of Pembroke That Guarin Mont-chensy as he had great honours so likewise had he a very plentiful fortune insomuch that in those times he was call'd the Crassus of England his Will amounting to no less than two hundred thousand marks f 8 No small wealth as the standard was then From a younger brother or cadet of this house of Montchensie issu'd by an heir-general the fâââly of the Waldgraves who having long flourisht in Knightly degree at Smaltbridge nearer to Stour as another family of great account in elder age ãâã Buers which was thereof sirnamed A few miles from hence the Stour is encreas'd by the little river Breton which within a small compass washes two towns of Antiquity At the head of it we see Bretenham a little inconsiderable town without almost any appearance of a City and yet that it is the Combretonium Combretonium mention'd by Antoninus in those parts is evident both from the affinity and signification of the name For as Bretenham Bretenham in English implies a town or mansion upon the Breton so does Combretonium in Welsh a valley or low place upon the Breton But this place in the Peutegerian Tables is falsly call'd Comvetronum and Ad Covecin A little way from hence to the east is seen Nettlested 9 Whence was Sir Thomas Wentworth whom King Henry 8. honour'd with the title of Baron Wentworth from whence are the Wentworths Baâons Wentworth whom King Henry the eighth honour'd with the dignity of Barons and neighbour to it is Offton i.e. the town of Offa King of the Mercians where upon a chalky hill there lye the ruins of an old Castle which they tell you was built by King Offa after he had villanously cut off Ethelbert King of the East-Angles and seiz'd upon his kingdom 10 But to return to the river Breton on the banks of another brook that is joyn'd thereto stands Lancham a âair market-town and near it the manour of Burnt-Elleie to which King Henry 3. granted a market at the request of Sir Henry Shelton Lord thereof whose pâsterity flourisht here for a long time Below this is Hadley in Saxon headlege famous at this day for making of woollen Cloaths but mention'd by our ancient Historians upon the account of Guthrum or Gormo the Dane's Guthrum or Gormo the Dane being buried here For when Alfred had brought him to such terms as to make him embrace Christianity and be baptiz'd he assign'd him this tract of the East-Angles that he might to use the words of my g Selden has observ'd it to be taken out of Malmesbury Not. MS. Author by a due Allegiance to the King protect those Countries he had before over-run with ravage and plunder From hence the Breton runs 11 Runs swiftly by Higham whence the family of Higham takes its name to Stour c. into the Stour whose united streams flowing not far from Bentley Bentley where the Talmaches a famous and ancient family have a long time flourisht within a few miles run near Arwerton Arwerton formerly the seat of the famous family of the Bacons 12 Who held this manour of Brome by conducting all the Footmen of Suffolk and Norfolk from St. Edmund's-dike in the wars of Wales now of the Parkers who by the father's side are descended from the Barons Morley and by the mother from the Calthrops a very eminent family Then they flow into the Ocean and the river Orwell or Gipping joyning them just at the mouth discharges it self along with them This rises about the very middle of the County out of two Springs one near Wulpett Wulpett the other at a little village call'd Gipping Wulpett is a Market-town and signifies in Latin Luporum fossa i.e. a den of Wolves if we believe Neubrigensis who has patcht up as formal a story about this place as is the * Vera narratio True Narrative of Lucian Namely how two little green boys â Ex Satyrorum genere born of Satyrs after a long tedious wandering through subterraneous Caverns from another world i.e. the Antipodes and the Land of St. Martin came up here If you would have more particulars of the story I refer you to the Author himself â Omnibus rihonibus ridenda prâpinabit who
house but Hugh Hare brother to Nicholas was he who so much improv'd the estate and dying without marriage left above 40000 pound between 2 nephews Not far from hence lies West-Dereham West-Dââeham famous for the birth of Hubert Walter who being bred up under the famous Lord Chief Justice Glanville became Archbishop of Canterbury Lord Chancellour under K. Rich. 1. Legate to Pope Celestine 4. and Lord Chief Justice of all England The respect he had for the place oblig'd him to build a Religious-house there wherein as a piece of gratitude for the many favours he had receiv'd he order'd that they should constantly pray for the soul of his great patron Ralph de Glanvilla CAMBRIDGE SHIRE At a little more distance from the sea is Congham Congham honour'd with the birth of Sir Henry Spelman that great Oracle of Law Patron of the Church and glory of England More inwards is Rougham Rougham the seat of the Yelvertons of whom William under Hen. 6. Christopher under Qu. Elizabeth and Henry under K. Charles 1. were Lord Chief Justices of England Next is Babbingley Babbingley whither Felix the Apostle of the East-Angles coming about the year 630. converted the inhabitants to Christianity and built the first Church in those parts whereof succeeding ages made S. Felix the patron Some remains of this passage are still found in the adjoyning mountains call'd Christian-hills and in Flitcham Fâitâham a neighbouring place which imports as much as the village or dwelling-place of Felix bb Removing from the sea-coast towards the south-east Narburgh Narburgh lies in our way the termination whereof seems to suggest something of Antiquity and the place it self answers the name For there is an old Fortification and from hence to Oxburgh has been a military foss tho' it be now levell'd in some places But what puts it beyond dispute is that Sir Clement Spelman contriving an Orchard at the foot of the hill digg'd up the bones of men in great abundance and likewise old pieces of armour cc Upon the north-side of the Hier stands Elmham Eââham which till within these two ages was never under the jurisdiction of any secular Lord. For under the Heathens 't is said to have been the habitation of a Flamin and after their conversion to Christianity by Felix it came into the possession of the Bishops The See was first at Dunwich but when it was thought too great for the management of one it was divided into two Dioceses the one to reside at Dunwich for Suffolk and the other at Elmham for Norfolk dd Directly south is East-Dereham East Dereham call'd also Market-Dereham which having been almost all burnt to the ground is now rebuilt into a fair town and Hingham another market town not far from it hath had both the same disease and cure ee About 4 miles from Ic-burrough lies Weeting Weeting near Brandon-ferry wherein is an old wasted castle moated about and at a mile's distance eastward is a hill with certain small trenches or ancient fortifications call'd Gimes-graves of which name the inhabitants can give no account On the west-side of this place from the edge of the Fen arises a bank and ditch which running on for some miles parts that bound of Weeting from Wilton and Feltwell and is call'd the Foss In the fields of Weeting is a fine green way call'd Walsingham-way being the road for the pilgrims to the Lady of Walsingham And about a mile from the town north is another like it from Hockwold and Wilton upon which are two stump crosses of stone supposed to be set there for direction to the pilgrims Continuation of the EARLS and DUKES By the Attainder of the last Thomas the title of Duke of Norfolk being taken away Philip his eldest son was call'd only Earl of Arundel by descent from his mother and he being attainted of High-Treason for favouring the Popish party had the sentence of death pass'd upon him but his execution being forborn he dy'd in the Tower An. 1595. His son and only child Thomas was created Earl of Norfolk Jun. 6. 20 Car. 1. and dy'd at Padua An. 1646. leaving two sons Henry and Thomas whereof Henry succeeded his father and he likewise was succeeded by Thomas his eldest son in his Titles of Earls of Arundel Surrey and Norfolk who at the humble petition of several of the Nobility was May 8. 13 Car. 2. restor'd to the title of Duke of Norfolk Which is now among others enjoy'd by Henry Howard Earl Marshal of England More rare Plants growing wild in Norfokl Atriplex maritima nostras Ocimi minoris folio Sea-Orrache with small Basil leaves Found by Dr. Plukenet near Kings-Lynne Acorus verus sive Calamus Officinarum Park The sweet-smelling Flag or Calamus Observed by Sir Thomas Brown in the river Y are near Norwich See the Synonymes in Surrey Lychnis viscosa flore muscoso C. B. Sesamoides Salamanticum magnum Ger. Muscipula Salamantica major Park Muscipula muscoso flore seu Ocymoides Belliforme J. B. Spanish Catchfly By the way-sides all along as you travel from Barton mills to Thetford plentifully Spongia ramosa fluviatilis Branched river-sponge In the river Y are near Norwich Turritis Ger. vulgatior J. B. Park Brassica sylvestris foliis integris hispidis C. B. Tower-mustard In the hedges about the mid-way between Norwich and Yarmouth Verbascum pulverulentum flore luteo parvo J. B. an mas foliis angustioribus floribus pallidis C. B. Hoary Mullein About the walls of Norwich Vermicularis frutex minor Ger. Shrub Stonecrop This was shew'd us by Sir Thomas Brown of Norwich who had it from the sea-coast of Norfolk See the Synonymes in Glocestershire Urtica Romana Ger. Park Roman Nettle At Yarmouth by the lanes sides not far from the Key N. Travelling from Lynne to Norwich I observed by the way side not far from Norwich the Medica sylvestris J. B. which is usually with a yellow flower and therefore called by Clusius Medica frutescens flavo flore to vary in the colour of the flower and to become purplish like the Burgundy Trefoil or Sainct-foin CAMBRIDGESHIRE MORE into the Country lies the County of Cambridge by the Saxons call'd a Grantâbryegscyr Grentbrigg-scyre and by the common people Cambridge-shire stretch'd lengthways to the north It borders upon Norfolk and Suffolk on the east Essex and Hertfordshire on the south Bedford and Huntingdon Shires on the west and Lincolnshire on the north the river Ouse running from west to east crosses and divides it into two parts The south and lower part is more improv'd better planted and consequently more rich and fertil sufficiently plain but not quite level chiefly or indeed wholly setting aside that part which plentifully produces Saffron consisting of Corn-fields abundantly stor'd with the best Barley of which they make great quantities of Byne or Malt Byne Malt. by steeping it till it sprout again then drying it over a Kiln
Confessor's Charter In consideration of 4000 Eeles in Lent the Monks of Ramsey shall have out of the Territory of St. Peter so much square stone as they need at Berneck and of rough stone for walls at Burch Beneath Berneck that Roman way which the neighbouring Inhabitants call the Forty-foot way from its breadth cuts this Shire in two between Caster and Stamford and appears in an high Causey especially by the little wood of Berneck where it has a Beacon set upon the very ridge and so runs along by Burghley-Park-wall Some few miles hence the Welland runs down by Maxey-Castle Maxey formerly belonging to the Barons of Wake and by Peag-Kirke Peag-Kirk Ingu phus where in the infancy of Christianity in England Pega a holy woman who gave name to that place sister of St. Guthlac with other devout Virgins by their life and example gave excellent documents of Piety and Chastity and so comes to the Fenns so often mention'd And by reason the bank on the South-side thereof is neglected the river over-flows the adjacent Lands to the great damage of the proprietors and having broken thus out of it's chanel which went formerly by Spalding it falls into the Nen and extreamly overcharges it The lesser Avon which is the other boundary as I said of this Shire northward but serves for a limit only about 5 or 6 miles breaking out of the ground near the springs of the Welland runs westward by 11 Suleby sometimes an Abby of black Monks and by c. Stanford Stanford upon Avon seat of the family of Cave Cave out of which several branches of good note have dispers'd themselves in all the neighbouring Tract also by Lilburne the seat in former ages of the Canvils That this hath been anciently a Roman Station I am persuaded by it's situation upon one of their Military ways by the ancient Trenches there and a little piked Hill cast up which some dug of late days in hopes of finding old hidden treasures but instead of Gold they met with Coals And thus this little river after it 's passing under Dowbridge leaves Northamptonshire and enters Warwickshire Bounds of the Ancients From the digging up of those Coals what if I should give a guess that this Hill was thrown up for a mark or Boundary since Siculus Flaccus tells us that either Ashes or Coals or Potsherds or broken Glasses or Bones half burnt or Lime or Plaister were wont to be put under such marks or limits and St. Augustin writes thus of Coals Lib. de Civ Dei 21. c. 4. Is it not a wonderful thing considering Coals are so brittle that with the least blow they break with the least pressure they are crush'd in pieces yet no time can conquer them insomuch that they that pitch'd Land-marks were wont to throw them underneath to convince any litigious fellow whatsoever that came never so long time after and should affirm that no Land-mark was there made And so much the rather am I inclined to this conjecture because they that have written of limits do inform us that certain Hillocks which they termed Botontines Boton tines Hence perhaps come our Buttings were plac'd in the limits So that I suppose most of these Mounts and round Hillocks which we see all hereabouts 12 And call Burrows were raised for this purpose and that Ashes Coals Potsherds c. might be found under them if they dug deeper into the ground Earls of Northampton The first Earl that this County had at least that I know of was Waldeof son of the warlike Siward who being also Earl of Huntingdon lost his head for treason against William the Conquerour leaving only two daughters behind him which he had by Judith the Conquerour's niece by a sister on the mother's side The Life ãâ¦ã Simon * De S. ãâ¦ã Sylvaneciensââ Sinlis being scornfully rejected by Judith the mother upon account of being lame in his legs married Maud the eldest daughter and built St. Andrew's Church and the Castle at Northampton After him succeeded his son Simon 2. who was a long time at law about his mother's estate with David King of Scots his mother's second husband and having sided with King Stephen in the year of our Lord 1152. died with this â Elogia elogy A youth full of every thing that was unlawful every thing that was unseemly His son Simon 3. going on with the suit against the Scots for his right to the Earldom of Huntingdon wasted his whole estate but thro' the favour of King Hen. 2. married the daughter and heir of Gilbert de Gant Earl of Lincoln and having at last recover'd the Earldom of Huntingdon and disseis'd the Scots died issueless in the year 1185. Many years after King Edw. 3. created William de Bohun a person of approved valour Earl of Northampton and when his elder brother Humfrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex and High Constable of England was not able in that warlike Age to bear the charge of Constable he made him also High Constable of England After him his son Humfrey succeeding in the Earldom of Northampton as also in the Earldoms of Hereford and Essex upon his Uncle's dying issueless had two daughters the one married to Thomas of Woodstock youngest son to King Edw. 3. the other to Henry of Lancaster Duke of Hereford afterwards King of England The daughter of Thomas of Woodstock brought by her marriage this her grandfather's title of Northampton together with others into the family of the Staffords But when they had lost their honours King Edw. 6. honour'd William Par Earl of Essex a most accomplish'd Courtier with the title of Marquiss of Northampton who within our memory died issueless And now while I am upon this work our most serene Sovereign King James in the year of our Lord 1603. at one and the same time has advanced Henry Howard Brother of the last Duke of Norfolk a person of excellent wit and fluent eloquence a complete master of Arts and Sciences exceeding prudent and provident to the degree and stile of Baron Howard of Marnehill and the honour of Earl of Northampton There belong to this Shire 326 Parishes ADDITIONS to NORTHAMPTONSHIRE a THE County of Northampton at the time of the Conquerour's Survey was something larger than now it is For all the south part of Rutlandshire must have been taken out of it because in Domesday-book we meet with the towns in this tract under the title of Northamptonshire 'T is a County so plentiful in all things necessary to life that it does not need nor indeed will allow much of manufacture the ground abundantly maintaining and fully employing the Inhabitants * Full Wor. pag. 279. It is said that of Cloathing has been attempted with great application but at last came to nothing The thinness of it's woods observ'd by our Author and it 's distance from the sea so that no Coal can
Dunnington âânningâân which Mr. Camden observes was bestow'd upon Hugh le Despenser the younger by Edward the second whose father Hugh le Despenser the elder King Edward the second created Earl of Winchester But 1 Edw. 3. Henry Earl of Lancaster obtain'd a Reversal of his brother's Attainder together with a restitution of his estate of which this castle and manour was a part Afterwards descending to King Henry the fourth it became parcel of the Dutchy of Lancaster and so continu'd till the reign of Queen Elizabeth when Robert Earl of Essex having obtain'd a grant of the Park did in the latter end of that Queen's reign sell the same to George Earl of Huntingdon which now is the inheritance of Theophilus the present Earl of Huntingdon From hence we pass to Ashby de la Zouch Ashby de la Zouch which manour Mr. Camden tells us came to the Hastings and that happen'd upon the Attainder of James Butler Earl of Ormond and Wiltshire after King Edward the fourth recover'd the Crown Sir William Hastings had a grant of it in consideration of his signal Services against King Henry the sixth and his party upon which account he was also made a Baron Chamberlain of the King's houshold Captain of Calice and Knight of the Garter This I take to be the same William that Mr. Camden says procur'd the privilege of a Fair there from Henry the sixth for he cannot mean the market because the town enjoy'd that privilege long before It must be a mistake for Edward the fourth because Sir William always oppos'd the Lancastrian party in favour of the House of York and upon that turn of government procur'd this grant Besides it expresly appears that 11 Edw. 4. he had a Charter for two Fairs to be held there yearly with licence to make amongst other of his houses this of Ashby a castle which was demolisht in 1648. At which time many other noble seats underwent the same fate by an ordinance of the Parliament This manour in a lineal descent from the said William Lord Hastings is the inheritance of Theophilus now Earl of Huntingdon i From the North we must pass along with Mr. Camden to the East-part of this County where Burrow Burrow offers it self being in his opinion the Vernometum Vernometum of Antoninus Mr. Burton speaking of the place barely recites Camden's words without delivering his own judgment but a more distinct account of the place which I had sent me by an ingenious Gentleman very much strengthens the conjecture The double ditch and track of the walls are pretty plain The entrance into it both now and anciently was from the East and by South There are two banks cast up about ten yards in length and five or six in distance one from the other where the Portal appears to have been and where the entrance is partly level from the field adjoyning there being as Mr. Camden well describes it a steep and upright ascent on all other sides The interpretation of a great temple seems to answer the state of the place exceeding well for there do not so much appear the marks of a town demolish'd which Mr. Camden intimates as some particular great building and rather a Temple than any other to which the several adjacent colonies might conveniently resort The hill contains twelve Acres in modern computation and there is in the middle of it a rising ground It is distant near half a mile from the town of Burrow and there is a very pleasant prospect from it especially to the West k Besides the fair Church at Melton-Mowbray mention'd by our Author it had a Chantry for about fourteen Priests situate near the South-east corner of the Church which being repair'd is now the Parsonage-house belonging to the Impropriation of the said Church The market which is upon Tuesdays is the most considerable for cattel of any in this part of England Continuation of the EARLS Some years after the death of Robert Dudley mention'd by our Author King James the first created Robert Sidney Viscount Lisle descended from a sister of the last Robert Earl of Leicester To him succeeded Robert his son who had by the Lady Dorothy daughter to Henry Earl of Northumberland Philip his heir and successor in this dignity RVTLANDSHIRE RUTLAND in the Saxon Roteland is in a manner encompass'd with Leicestershire unless on the south where it lyes on the river Welland and on the east where it borders on the County of Lincoln It is no way inferiour to Leicestershire either in richness of soil or pleasantness of situation but only for its quantity in which respect it is much inferiour being the least County of all England It s form is almost circular and contains within its compass so much ground as a good horseman may ride about in one day Hence it is that the people of this Country have a story of I know not what King who gave to one Rut as much land as he could ride about in a day and he riding round this County within the time specify'd had it thereupon given him and call'd it after his own name But let such fables vanish we will not injure truth with idle fancies In regard therefore that the earth of this County is in many places so ruddy that it colours the fleeces of the sheep and considering that the Saxons call'd a red colour Roet and Rud why may we not suspect that Rutland Rutland why so call'd was so named quasi Redland as the Poet says Conveniunt rebus nomina saepe suis i.e. There 's commonly an agreement between names and things Several places among all nations have been named from redness Rutlan-Castle in Wales built on a red shore the Red Promontory the Red Sea between Egypt and Arabia Erytheia in Ionia and several other instances evince the same thing There is therefore no occasion to listen to fables for this Etymology a This little parcel of land has made a County but of late days for in the time of Edward the Confessor it was esteemed a part of Northamptonshire And our Historians who writ before the last 300 years mention not this in the number of the Counties b Wash or Gwash a rivulet rising in the west runs to the east almost through the very middle of this County and divides it into two parts In the hithermost or south division stands Uppingham Uppingham on a rising ground from whence it had its name c It is not memorable for any thing besides a well-frequented market and a handsom school which as also another at Okeham R. Johnson a Divine with a laudable design for the good education of youth lately erected out of certain contributions Below this stands Dry-Stoke which I cannot omit in regard it hath been an old seat of that famous and ancient family of the Digbies Digby which 1 I grieve to utter it but all men know it Everard Digby hath now branded with an eternal
mark of infamy by wickedly conspiring with those wretched Incendiaries who design'd with one single charge of Gun-powder to have destroy'd both their Prince and Country d 2 More eastward upon the river Welland I saw nothing remarkable unless it be Berohdon now Barodon which Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick held with South-Luffenham and other hamlets by service to the King's Chamberlain in the Exchequer Fiâ 14 Ed. 3. In the furthermost division beyond the river encompass'd with hills lyes the pleasant and fruitful valley now call'd The Vale of Catmose perhaps from Coet maes which in the British tongue signifies a woody field or ground In the midst of which vale stands Okeham Okeham that seems for the same reason to have taken it's name from Oaks Near the Church 3 Which is large and fair are still remaining the ruinous walls of an old castle built as is reported by a He was a younger son to William de Ferrers Earl of Derby and held Okeham by the service of one Knights fee and a half 12 Hen. 2. Wright pag. 95. Walkelin de Ferrariis in the beginning of the Normans And that it was the habitation of the Ferrars besides the authority of tradition is sufficiently evident from the Horse-shoes which that family gave for their Arms nail'd on the ââtes and in the hall Afterwards this town belong'd to the Lords of Tatteshall But when King Richard 2. advanced Edward son of the Duke of York to the title of Earl of Rutland he also gave him this Castle In the memory of the last age it came to Thomas Cromwell Barons Cromwell and as I have read b He was Baron Cromwell of Wimbledon but not of Okeham See the printed Stat. of 31 Hen. 8. concerning Gavelkind gave him the title of Baron Henry 8. advanc'd this person to the highest dignity but soon after when by his many projects he had expos'd himself to the storms of envy on a sudden he depriv'd him both of life and honours e Eastward from hence is Burley Burly most pleasantly situated overlooking the Vale. This is now the magnificent seat of the Harringtons who by marriage with the daughter and heir of Colepeper came to so large an inheritance in those parts that ever since they have been a flourishing family in like manner as the Colepepers were before them to whom by N. Green the great estate of the Bruses did in part descend Which Bruses being of the chief Nobility of England match'd into the Royal family of Scotland from whom by Robert the eldest brother the Royal Line of the Scots and by Bernard a younger brother the Cottons of Connington in the County of Huntingdon of whom I have already spoken and these Harringtons are descended Upon which account K. James dignify'd Sir John Harrington Barons Harringtââ 4 Branch'd from the stem of the ancient Lords Harington a most famous and worthy Knight with the title of Baron Harrington of Exton 5 A town adjacent where be hath also another fair house f On the east-side of this County near the river Guash lye Brigcasterton of which more hereafter and Rihall where when superstition had so bewitched our Ancestors that it had almost remov'd the true God by the multiplicity of Gods one Tibba a Saint of the lesser rank was worship'd by Falconers The Falcoâers Saint as a second Diana and reputed a kind of Patroness of Falconry g Next adjoyning is Essenden whose Lord Robert Cecil the excellent son of an excellent father who was the support of our kingdom was lately created by King James Baron Cecil of Essenden Baron Câââ of Essendân This little County Edward the Confessor devised by his last Will to his wife Eadith conditionally that after her death it should go to St. Peter's at Westminster These are the words of the Testament I will that after the decease of Queen Eadgith my wife Roteland with all things thereunto belonging be given to my Monastery of the most blessed Peter and that it be surrender'd without delay to the Abbot and Monks there serving God for ever But this Testament of his was vacated by William the Norman who keeping a great part of this estate to himself divided the rest to Judith the Countess whose daughter marry'd David K. of Scots to Robert Mallet Oger Gislebert of Gaunt Earl Hugh Alberic the Clerk and others But to Westminster he left indeed at first the tithes but afterwards only the Church of Okeham with the Appendices or Chapelries thereunto belonging Oppida Mercatoria per Ichnographiam Villae Parochiales per Pagi minores per Sedes vel loca devastata Olim Villae per Denotantur COMITATUS ROTELANDIAE Tabula Nova Aucta This little County is adorn'd with 48 Parish-Churches ADDITIONS to RVTLANDSHIRE a WHat the original of this County's name was we are in a great measure in the dark for as Mr. Camden's Roet and Rud will not do because we are assur'd there is nothing in the County to justifie such a conjecture so Mr. Wright's Rotelandia quasi Rotunda-landia will hardly pass till we can give some probable account how it came by a Latin name more than other parts of England The Conquest could not bring it in because we find it call'd so in the time of Edward the Confessor and beside so much of it as belong'd to Nottinghamshire to which the name Roteland was given before the rest came to be part of it is far from making a circular figure how round soever it may be when all together b When the County of Rutland came to be distinct or upon what occasion is altogether unknown Mr. Camden says that Authors 300 years old make no mention of it as of a separate Shire but that it was distinct before is certain for in the 5th of King John Isabel his new Queen had at her Coronation assigned her in Parliament for her dowry among other lands * Wright âg 3. Com. Roteland villam de Rokingham in Com. Northampt. c. And in 12 Johan the Custos did account for the profits of this County in the Exchequer Which Custos can relate to nothing but the Sheriff of the County who was and still is as it were a Guard and his office is imply'd in his name Scyre-gerefa from which Sheriff is contracted signifying no more than a Keeper of the County âiâg ãâã c In the south part of this County lies Uppingham the site whereof will hardly bear Mr. Camden's derivation from an ascent â Wright â 130. the ground upon which it stands being something above a level but hardly amounting to a hill Johnson who is said to have built the school was call'd Robert and beside that built two Hospitals one at Okeham and another here at Uppingham Near this place is Lydington where about the year 1602. Thomas Lord Burgley settl'd an Hospital or Alms-house for a Warden 12 poor men and 2 poor women
the Saxons died in this City and was here interr'd altho' he left commands to the contrary for he as 't is related by Ninnius Eluodugus's disciple hop'd and was fully perswaded that his Ghost would defend Britain from the Saxons if he should be buried on the Sea-shore But yet the Saxons after they had demolish'd this old Lindum first inhabited the South-side of the hill 11 At the foot whereof they built as it seemeth the gate yet standing compiled of vast stones and fortified it with the ruins of the former town afterwards they went down near the river built in a place call'd Wickanforde and wall'd it on that side where it was not guarded by the water At which time Paulinus as Bede Bede affirms preach'd the word of God in the Province of Lindesey and first of all converted the Governour of the city Lindcolnia whose name was Blecca with his whole family He built in this city a curious Church of stone the roof whereof is either fall'n down for want of repairing or beat down by force of some enemy for the walls are yet to be seen standing Afterwards the Danes won it twice by assault first when those pillaging troops took it from whom Edmund Ironside wrested it by force secondly when Canutus took it from whom 't was retaken by Aetheldred who on his return out of Normandy valiantly drove Canutus out of this town and beyond all expectation recover'd England which was very nigh lost In Edward the Confessor's reign there was in it as 't is set down in Domesday-book one thousand and seventy Inns for entertainment and twelve Lagemen having their Sac and Soc. 'T was indeed in the Norman times as Malmsbury relates one of the most populous cities of England and a mart for all goods coming by land and water for at that time there were taxed in it as 't is in the said Domesday-book Nine hundred Burgesses and many dwelling houses to the number of one hundred sixty and six were destroy'd for the castle with 74 more without the limits of the castle not by the oppression of the Sheriff and his Ministers but by misfortune poverty and fire William the first to strengthen it and to keep the Citizens in awe built a very large and strong castle on the ridge of the hill and about the same time Remigius Bishop of Dorchester to grace it transferr'd hither from Dorchester a little town in the farthest part of his Diocese his Bishop's See And when the Church erected by Paulinus was utterly decay'd The aforesaid Râmigius bought in the very highest part of the city several houses with the ground thereto belonging near the castle that overtops all as Henry of Huntingdon notes with its mighty towers and built in a strong place a strong and fine Church dedicated to the Virgin Mary and endow'd it with 44 Prebends at which the Arch-bishop of York was very angry for he claim'd for himself the property of the ground This Church being disfigur'd by fire was afterwards repair'd as the said Henry mentions with very great art by Alexander that bountiful Bishop of Lincoln of whom the aforesaid William of Malmsbury speaks thus Seeing he was lookt upon as a prodigy by reason of his small body his mind strove to excel and be the more famous in the world and among other things a Poet of that age wrote thus Qui dare festinans gratis ne danda rogentur Quod nondum dederat nondum se credit habere Still with frank gifts preventing each request What is not yet bestow'd he thinks not yet possest And not only these two but Robert Bloet who was predecessor to Alexander and R. de Beaumeis Hugo Burgundus and their successors contributed to advance this work which was too much for one Bishop to its present state and grandeur The whole pile is not only very costly but indeed very beautiful and excellent for its workmanship especially that porch on the West-side which attracts and delights every beholders eye Altho' there be many tombs of Bishops and others in this Church yet the only ones worth our notice are that of brass in which the entrails of the most excellent Queen Eleanor wife to Edward the first 12 Who dy'd at Hardby in this Shire are interr'd and that of 13 Sir Nicholas Nicholas de Cantelupo with one or two belonging to the family of Burghersh also that of Katharine Swinford third wife to John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster and mother of the Somerset-family with whom lyes buried her daughter Joan second wife to Ralph Nevill the first Earl of Westmorland who had many children by her The Diocese of the Bishops of Lincoln being of a far greater extent than that of the Bishops of Sidnacester who in the primitive Saxon Church presided in this County contain'd under it so many Counties that its greatness was a burden to it and altho' Henry the second took out of it the Diocese of Ely and Henry the eighth those of Peterborough and Oxford yet 't is still counted the largest Bishoprick in England both for jurisdiction and number of shires and contains no less than 1247 Parish-Churches Many excellent Bishops have govern'd this See since Remigius but to be particular in reckoning them is beyond my design And therefore make no mention of Robert Bloet on whom King William Rufus set an amercement of 50000 pounds alledging that the Bishop's title to the city of Lincoln was defective ââeden nor of that bountiful Alexander who was ever extravagantly fond of prodigious buildings nor yet of Hugo Burgundus who being canoniz'd had his corps carry'd to the grave as my Author says on the shoulders of King John and his Nobles out of respect and duty to God and the sainted Prelate I must not however omit mentioning two persons ãâã diâd â â233 the one Robert Grostest a better Scholar and Linguist than could be expected from the age he liv'd in âatth Paris âd an ânymous âtârian an awe to the Pope a Monitor to the King a Lover of Truth a Corrector of Prelates a Director of Priests an Instructor of the Clergy a Maintainer of Scholars a Preacher to the People and a diligent Searcher of Scripture a Mallet to the Romanists c. The other is the most reverend Father Thomas Cooper very deserving both from the Common-wealth of Learning and from the Church whom I am bound always to honour for that he was the Master in whose School I must graetfully own I had my education The city it self also flourish'd for a long time being made by Edward the third a Staple âhe Staple as they call it that is a Mart for Wooll Leather Lead c. Tho' it cannot have reason to complain of great misfortunes yet it has been once burnt once besieged and that in vain by King Stephen who was there overthrown and taken prisoner and once taken by Henry the third defended then against him by his rebellious Barons who
naufraga Petri Ductorem in mediis expectat cymba procellis Now thy vast honours with thy virtues grow Now a third mitre waits thy sacred brow Deserted Wigorn mourns that thou art gone And Kent's glad sons thy happy conduct own Now Rome desires thee Peter wants thy hand To guide his leaky vessel safe to land This city was in all probability built by the Romans when to curb the Britains who dwelt beyond Severn they planted cities at convenient distances all along upon its east-bank just as they did in Germany on the south-side of the Rhine It is seated upon an easie ascent from the river over which lieth a bridge with a tower upon it It was anciently fenced with lofty Roman walls as an old parchment-roll informs us and hath to this day a good firm wall But its glory consists in its inhabitants who are numerous courteous and wealthy by means of the Cloathing trade in the neatness of its buildings the number of Churches and most of all in the Episcopal See which Sexuulfus Bishop of the Mercians placed here A. D. 680. building a Cathedral Church in the south part of the city which hath often been repair'd and by the Bishops and Monks hath been lengthened westward a little at a time almost to Severn side It is really a fair and magnificent Structure ennobled with the monuments of King John Arthur Prince of Wales and some of the Beauchamps A College also of learned men called Prebendaries no less famous than were formerly the Priory of Monks or College of Secular Priests here For in this Church presently upon its first foundation as in the other Abbies of England were placed married Presbyters Married Priests who govern'd those Churches a long time with great reputation for sanctity till Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury in a Synod decreed Register of the Church of Worcester A. D. 964. That for the future all Religious men in England should lead a single life For then Oswald Bishop of this See who was a most zealous promoter of Monkery remov'd the Priests and plac'd Monks in their room which King Edgar attests in these words l The Convents both of Monks and Virgins were destroy'd and neglected all England over which I have determined to repair to the praise of God for the benefit of my own soul and to increase the number of the Servants of God of both sexes and accordingly I have already settled Monks and Nuns in seven and forty houses and resolve if Christ spare me life to do it that I will go on in the oblation of my devout munificence to God till I have made them up fifty the number of the years of Remission Wherefore at present that Monastery in the Episcopal See of Worcester which the reverend Bishop Oswald hath to the honour of Mary the holy mother of God enlarged and having expelled the Secular Clerks c. by my assent and favour bestowed on the religious servants of God the Monks I do by my royal Authority confirm to the said religious persons leading a Monastick life and with the advice and consent of my Princes and Nobles do corroborate and consign c. After some considerable time when through the incursions of the Danes and civil broils the state of this Church was so decay'd that in the place of that numerous company of Monks which Oswald founded here scarce 12 were left Wulfstan S. Wulstan who sate Bp. of this See about A. D. 1090. restor'd it and augmented the number of Monks to 50. and also built a new Church He was a mean scholar even in the account of that age but a person of such simplicity and unfeigned integrity and of a conversation so severe and strict that he was a terrour to ill men and beloved by all that were good insomuch that after his death the Church gave him a place in the Kalendar among the Saints Now after they had flourished in great wealth and power above 500 years King Hen. 8. expell'd these Monks and in their room placed a Dean and Prebendaries and founded a Grammar-school for the instruction of youth Close by this Church remain the bare name and ground-plot of the Castle Which as we read in William of Malmesbury's history of Bishops Ursus made Sheriff of Worcester by William 1. built in the very teeth of the Monks so that the grass took away part of their cemetery But this Castle through the injury of time and casualty of fire hath many years since been ruined The City also hath been more than once burnt down A. D. 1041. it was set on fire by Hardy-Canute who being enraged at the Citizens for killing his Huscarles so they call'd his Officers who collected the Danegelt did not only fire the City Marianus but also massacre all the inhabitants except such as escaped into Bevercy a small island in the river Nevertheless we find in the survey of William 1. that in the days of Edward the Confessor it had a great many Burgesses and was rated at xv hide-land and when the Mint went every Minter gave xx shillings at London for stamps to coin withall In the year 1113. a casual fire which consumed the Castle burnt the roof of the Church also During the Civil wars in K. Stephen's reign it was fired once and again but suffered most when that King took the City Anno 15 Steph. Reâââ which he had unadvisedly put into the hands of Walleran Earl of Mellent but at that time he could not carry the Castle m However it still rose out of the ashes with greater beauty and hath flourished under an excellent Government managed by two Bailiffs chosen out of 24 Citizens two Aldermen and two Chamberlains with a Common Council consisting of 48 Citizens more n As to the Geographical account of it it 's Longitude from the west Meridian is 21 degrees 52 minutes and hath the north pole elevated 52 degrees and 12 minutes o From Worcester taking its course westward the river passeth by Powick Barons of Powick anciently the seat of John Beauchamp whom K. Hen. 6. raised to the dignity of a Baron whose estate soon after heirs female carried to the Willoughbies of Broke the Reads and Ligons p Hence through rich and fragrant meadows it runs by Hanley Hanley formerly a Castle belonging to the Earls of Glocester and Upton Upton a noted market town where Roman Coins are frequently dug up Not far off on the right-hand Severn hath the prospect of Malvern Malvern hills hills hills indeed or rather great and lofty mountains for about seven miles together rising like stairs one higher than the other and dividing this County from that of Hereford On the top Gilbert de Clare Earl of Glocester did anciently cast up a ditch all along to part his lands from those of the Church of Worcester which ditch is still to be seen and is very much admired pp On the other side Severn and near the same distance
that name to the place where Oswald's Hundred-Court was to be kept and the whole Hundred took it's name from thence It is very usual for Hundreds to be denominated from a hill a field a tree a stone or a cross where the Court is call'd In this Charter there is mention of Ulferes law and Cuthburges law Hundreds now swallow'd up in Oswald's law and in other Counties the names of Hundreds often terminate in law as in Herefordshire Radlaw and Wormlaw Hundreds On the rising ground before-mention'd the Hundred-Court is still call'd p Below Powick on the Eastern-bank of the Severn stands Kemsey âââsey an ancient manour of the Bishops of Worcester where before the Conquest and many Ages after they had a noble Palace which hath been long since demolish'd so that the ruins are not discernable About three miles Southward is Cromb D'abetot ââmb âââetot nam'd from Urso d'Abetot anciently Lord thereof now the chief seat of the Lord Coventry and the adjoyning Church is the burial place of the family About two miles on the West-side of the Severn is Great Malvern Great Malvern an Abbey seated at the foot of the hill which was founded by one Aldwin a Hermite in the eighteenth year of the Conquerour's reign and himself with King Henry his son were benefactors to it This house was of the Benedictine-Order and a Cell belonging to Westminster-Abbey A very fair Church is yet remaining which serves the Parish but almost nothing is left to maintain a Minister Two miles South from this lies Little Malvern Little Malvern in a dismal cavity of the hill It was founded An. Dom. 1171. by Joceline and Edred two brothers who were successively Priors of the house which was also of the Benedictine-Order and a Cell of the Monastery of Worcester pp When our Author observes that a ditch was drawn to divide the lands of the Earl of Glocester from those of the Church of Worcester it is a mistake for Hereford For that Church hath several manours on the West-side Malvern-hills and * Angl. Sacr. Annal. Wig. A.D. 1278. p. 503. there was a famous quarrel between Thomas de Cantilupe Bishop of Hereford and this Earl touching some lands claim'd by the Bishop in Malvern-chace and the Judges who were to decide that controversie sate in the Chace q Mr. Camden observes that Washbourn Washbourn under Bredon-hills with some other villages in this County are quite sever'd from the main body the reason whereof may be too obscure to attempt a positive account of it But it is worthy our observation that in fact all these dismembred parts except Dudley were originally Church-lands Old Barrow environ'd by Warwickshire belong'd to Evesham-Abbey Alderminster to Pershore All the rest were the lands of the Bishop and Church of Worcester before the division of England into Counties and tho' several of these have been alienated many ages yet they are still in Oswaldslow Hundred as Olb-barrow is in the Hundred of Blackenhurst and Alderminster in Pershore Hundred but the foundation of the last Abbey is later than the division into Shires As for Dudley the Castle stands in Staffordshire but the Church and Town in this County Before the Conquest Edwin Earl of Mercia had both town and castle which were given to William Fitz-Ausculf from whom through several hands they are come to the Lord Ward heir of the last Lord Dudley by his mother after whose decease he will also bear the title of the Lord Dudley It appears that above 450 years ago the town and castle were under different Civil Jurisdictions as at present and the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction was settled by the Pope's Mandate between the Bishops of Worcester and Lichfield according to the limits of the two Counties â Vide Annal Wigorn. ad An. 1238 in Angl. Sacr T. 1. p. 490. r As we have follow'd the Severn thus far so we must return towards the North along the Avon upon which lies the town of Evesham an ancient Borough enjoying many privileges some by prescription and others by divers Charters govern'd by two Bailiffs till the third year of King James 1. who at the request of Prince Henry granted them a new Charter giving the chief Magistrate the title of Mayor and making the Corporation to consist of seven Aldermen twelve capital Burgesses a Recorder and Chamberlain who are all of the Common-Council as also four and twenty other Burgesses call'd Assistants and extended their jurisdiction over the adjoyning parish of Bengworth He likewise granted them more ample privileges particularly power to try and execute Felons within the Borough It sends two Burgesses to Parliament s Hereabouts on the South-part of the County Mr. Camden places Oswaldslaw-hundred but that is a mistake for this Hundred is not one continu'd tract of ground but consists of Townships scatter'd in all parts of the County where the Bishop or Monastery of Worcester had lands at the time when King Edgar granted that Charter to Oswald This is evident to any person who observes the places nam'd in that Charter as it is printed in â Vol. 1. p. 433. Spelman's Councils and in the * Vol. 1. p. 140. Monasticon Anglicanum It is esteem'd a full third part of the County but at this day doth not enjoy a third part of that Hundred t After our Author has run through this Shire he tells us that Augustine's Oak is somewhere in the County but the place not certainly known Some conjectures have been offer'd at the precise place Sir Henry Spelman thinks there are some footsteps of the name in Ausric a village in this County bordering on Herefordshire which as he expounds Huntingdon lies in the confines of the Wiccians and the West-Saxons The name of this village he supposes may be a contraction of Austines ric i.e. Austin's territory But to omit some other material objections 't is certain that the vulgar maps deceiv'd that learned Knight which are false printed and should be Aulfrick which name at its full length in old writings is Alfredes-wic but his own mistake is less pardonable in making Herefordshire a province of the West-Saxons Others have conjectur'd that Austins-Oak may have been in a parish call'd corruptly the Rock but doubtless by our Saxon Ancestors þaere ac and in Latin Aka Now this parish lies in that part of the Shire which is most remote from the West-Saxon kingdom bordering on Shropshire All the light we have is from Bede who is the only writer within 400 years of the time that mentions this congress He says it was in the confines of the Wiccians and West-Saxons He doth not say it was in Wiccia much less that it was in that part of the Province which is now call'd Worcestershire but that it was in the confines of the West-Saxons upon whom Worcestershire doth not border any where So that admitting this Oak to be in Hwiccia it must needs have stood in that part of Glocestershire which bounds
pile them up in heaps and burn them to ashes which being afterwards scatter'd on the land thus pared does so enrich them that it 's scarce credible what quantities of Rye they produce Nor is this method of burning the ground any late invention but very ancient as appears out of Virgil and Horace Amongst these Hills is a place call'd Kerig y Drudion or Druid-stones a and at Voelas there are some small pillars inscrib'd with strange letters which some suspect to be the characters used by the Druids b Not far from Klokainog we read this Inscription on a stone AMILLIN TOVISATOC c Towards the Vale where these mountains begin to be thinner lies Denbigh Dânâigh seated on a steep rock nam'd formerly by the Britains Kled-vryn yn Rhôs which signifies the craggy hill in Ros for so they call that part of the County which K. Edw. 1. bestow'd with many other large possessions on Davidh ap Grufydh brother of Prince Lhewelyn But he being soon after attainted of high treason and beheaded King Edward granted it to Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln who fortified it with a very strong wall though of a small circumference and on the south-side with a castle adorn'd with high towers But his only son being unfortunately drown'd in the Castle-well he was so much griev'd thereat that he desisted from the work leaving it unfinish'd After his decease this town with the rest of his inheritance descended by his daughter Alice to the house of Lancaster From whom also when that family decay'd it devolv'd first by the bounty of King Edw. 2. to Hugh Spenser and afterwards to Roger Mortimer 1 Earl of Winchester by covenant with King Edw. 3. For his Arms are seen on the chief gate But he being sentenced to dye and executed it 2 With the Cantreds of Ross and Riewiâock c. fell to William Montacute 3 After Earl of Salisbury Earl of Salisbury 4 For surprising of Mortimer tho' soon after restor'd to the Mortimers and by these at length came to the House of York For we read that out of malice to K. Edw. 4. who was of that house this town suffer'd much by those of the family of Lancaster Since which time either because the inhabitants disliked the situation of it for the declivity of the place was no ways convenient or else because it was not well serv'd with water they remov'd hence by degrees insomuch that the old town is now deserted and a new one much larger sprung up at the foot of the hill which is so populous that the Church not being large enough for the inhabitants they have now begun to build a new one where the old town stood partly at the charges of their Lord Robert Earl of Leicester and partly with the money contributed for that use by several well-disposed persons throughout England This Robert Earl of Leicester was created Baron of Denbigh by Queen Elizabeth in the year 1566 5 To him and the heirs of his body lawfully begotten Nor is there any Barony in England that hath more Gentlemen holding thereof in see We are now come to the heart of the County Drâââ Câry where nature having remov'd the mountains on all hands to shew us what she could do in a rough Country hath spread out a most pleasant vale extended from south to north 17 miles and about 5 in breadth It lies open only to the Ocean and to the â âârâ Bâââ clearing North-wind being elsewhere guarded with high mountains which towards the east especially are like battlements or turrets for by an admirable artifice of nature the tops of these mountains seem to resemble the turrets of walls Amongst them the highest is call'd Moel Enlhi at the top whereof I observ'd a military fence or rampire d and a very clear Spring This vale is exceeding healthy fruitful and affords a pleasant prospect the complexion of the inhabitants bright and chearful their heads of a sound constitution their sight very lively and even their old age vigorous and lasting The green meadows the corn-fields and the numerous villages and Churches in this vale afford us the most pleasant prospect imaginable The river Clwyd Clwyââ from the very fountain-head runs through the midst of it receiving on each side a great number of rivulets And from hence it has been formerly call'd Ystrad Klwyd for Marianus makes mention of a King of the Strad-cluid-Welsh and at this day 't is call'd Dyffryn Klwyd i.e. the Vale of Cluid where See Caâ naââ ãâã Annââ as some Authors have deliver'd certain Britains coming out of Scotland planted a Kingdom having first driven out the English which were seated there In the south part of this vale on the east-side of the river lies the town of Ruthin in Welsh Rhuthyn the greatest market in the vale and a very populous town famous not long since for a stately castle which was capable of a very numerous family Both the town and castle were built 6 By Reginald Grey to whom K. Eaw 1. granted it and Roger c. by Roger Grey with permission of the King the Bishop of St. Asaph and the Rector of Lhan Rhûdh it being seated in that parish To this Roger Grey in consideration of his service against the Welsh King Edward 1. granted almost the whole Vale and this was the seat of his posterity who flourish'd under the title of Earls of Kent till the time of Richard Grey Earl of Kent and Lord of Ruthin who dying without issue and having no regard to his brother Henry sold this ancient inheritance to King Henry 7. since which time the castle has daily decay'd Of late through the bounty of Queen Elizabeth it belong'd to Ambrose Earl of Warwick together with large revenues in this Vale. Having ascended eastward out of this Valley we come to Iâl a small mountainous tract of a very high situation if compared with the neighbouring country For no river runs into it from any other country tho' it pours out several Upon account of this high situation 't is a very rough and bleak country and much subject to winds I know not whether it might receive it's name from the small river Alen which springing up in this country by undermining the earth hides it self in one or two places These mountains are well stored with oxen sheep and goats and the valleys in some places are pretty fertil in corn especially on the east part on this side Alen but the western is somewhat barren and in some places mere heath and desart It hath nothing in it memorable except the ruins of a small monastery 7 Now wholly decay'd seated very pleasantly in a valley which amongst woody hills is extended in the form of a cross whence it had the name of Vale-Crucis âe-ââis whereas in British 't is call'd Lhan Gwest Eastward of Iâl the territory of Maelor Gymraeg or Welsh Maelor call'd in English Bromfield is
mix'd with common dust * Fastiââon paââ p. 765. And when that garrison was surrender'd to the Parliament he took great care for the preservation of the publick Library and bequeathed to it many MSS. with the Collections aforesaid which of themselves â Ibid. p. 69â amounted to 122 Volumes at least pp Our next place upon the river is Selby part of which ancient and beautiful Church with half of the steeple fell down suddenly about 6 a clock on Sunday morning 30 March 1690. From hence our Author carries us to Escricke Escricke which gave the title of Baron to Sir Thomas Knivet He was Gentleman of the Privy-Chamber to King James 1. and the person intrusted to search the vaults under the Parliament-house where he discover'd the 36 barrels of gun-powder and the person who was to have fir'd the train qq Afterwards the Ouse passeth by Drax where the benefaction of Charles Read Esq a native of the place and Judge in Ireland ought not to be omitted He erected here a Hospital as also a School-house and endow'd them with 100 l. per an EAST-RIDING EAst-Riding East-Riding or the east part of Yorkshire a where the Parisi Parisi are seated by Ptolemy makes the second division of this County lying east of York The north and west sides of it are bounded by the winding course of the river Derwent the south by the aestuary of Humber and the north by the German Ocean That part of it towards the sea and the river Derwent is pretty fruitful but the middle is nothing but a heap of mountains called a Wold in Saxon signifies a large plain without woods Yorkeswold which signifies Yorkshire hills The river Derventio or as we call it Derwent rises near the shore and runs towards the west but then turns again towards the south and passes by Aiton and Malton which because they belong to the North-Riding of this County I shall reserve for their proper places As soon as the river has enter'd this quarter it runs near the remains of that old castle Montferrant Montferrant Historia Meauxensis which belonged formerly to the Fossards men of great honour and estates But William Fossard of this family being in ward to the King and committed to the guardianship of William le Grosse Earl of Albemarle enraged the Earl so by debauching his sister tho' he was then but very young that in revenge he demolished this castle and forced the noble young Gentleman to forsake his country Yet after the death of the Earl he recovered his estate and left an only daughter who was married to R. de Tornham by whom she had a daughter afterwards married to Peter de Malo-lacu whose posterity being enriched with this estate of the Fossards became very famous Barons b Not far from hence stands a place seated upon a bank of the river called Kirkham i.e. the place of the Church for here stood a College of Canons founded by Walter Espec a very great man whose daughter brought a vast estate by marriage to the family of the Rosses Next but somewhat lower upon the Derwent there stood a city of the same name which Antoninus calls Derventio Derventio and tells us it was seven miles distant from York The Notitia makes mention of a Captain over â Noââ Derâââenââ the Company Derventienses under the General of Britain that lived here and in the time of the Saxons it seems to have been the Royal Village situated near the river Doreventio says Bede where Eumer that Assassin as the same Author has it pushed with his sword at Edwin King of Northumberland and had run him through if one of his retinue had not interpos'd and sav'd his master's life with the loss of his own Where this place is I could never have discover'd without the light I have received from that polite and accurate scholar Robert Marshall He shewed me that at the distance from York I mention'd there is a little town seated upon the Derwent called Auldby which signifies in Saxon the old habitation where some remains of antiquity are still extant and upon the top of the hill towards the river is to be seen the rubbish of an old castle so that this cannot but be the Derventio From hence the river flows through Stanford-bridge which from a battel fought there is also called Battle-bridge Baââââ-bridge c For here Harald Haardread the Norwegian who with a fleet of 200 sail had infested this Kingdom and from his landing at Richal had marched thus far with great outrage and devastation was encountred by King Harold of England who in a fair battel here slew him and a great part of his army and took so much gold among the spoil that twelve young men could hardly bear it upon their shoulders as we are told by Adam Bremensis This engagement was fought about nine days before the coming in of William the Conquerour at which time the dissolute luxury of the English seems to have foretold the destruction of this Kingdom b See the General part under the title Normans But of this we have spoke already THE EAST RIDING of YORKSHIRE by Robert Morden Cum patre Radulpho Babthorpe jacet ecce Radulphus Filius hoc duro marmore pressus humo Henrici sexti dapifer pater Armiger ejus Mors satis id docuit fidus uterque fuit The two Ralph Babthorps father and his son Together lye interr'd beneath this stone One Squire one Sew'r to our sixth Henry was Both dy'd i' th field both in their master's cause Now the Derwent with a larger stream glides on near Howden âwden a market town remarkable not for it's neatness or resort but for giving name to the neighbouring territory which from it is called Howdenshire and not long since for having a pretty Collegiate Church of five Prebendaries to which a house of the Bishops of Durham is adjoyned who have a vast estate hereabouts Walter Skirlaw one of them who flourish'd about the year 1390. as we find in the book of Durham built a huge tall steeple to this Church that in case of a sudden inundation the inhabitants might save themselves in it Not far distant from hence is Metham âââm which gives a name and seat to the famous and ancient family of the Methams d The Ouse grown more spacious runs with a swift and violent stream into the Aestuary Abus âtuary of âs the name by which it is expressed in Ptolemy e but the Saxons ãâã and we at this day call it Humber 2 Whereof also the Country beyond it by a general name was call'd Northumberland and from it all that part of the country on the other side was in general termed Nordan humbria Both names seem to be derivatives from the British Aber which signifies the mouth of a river and was perhaps given to this by way of excellence because the Urus or Ouse with all those
where the bowels of Walter Skirlaw Bishop of Durham were bury'd â Ibid. as appear'd by the Inscription of a very fair stone varii marmoris as my Author calls it The same person had reason to build a high belfrey in order to secure them against inundations for the several Commissions that have been issu'd out for repair of the banks thereabouts argue the great danger they were in and within these seven years the Ebbe by reason of great freshes coming down the Ouse broke through the banks and did considerable damage both to Howden and the neighbouring parts Here the Londoners keep a Mart every year beginning about the fourteenth of September and continue it about nine days where they furnish by whole-sale the Country Trades-men with all sorts of Goods e Tho' the Abus Abus and the Humber be generally lookt upon as one and the same yet Ptolemy's ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã seems to be the corrupt Greek reading of the old name Ouse rather than sprung from the British Aber. 'T is plain however by that expression ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã i.e. the emptying of the river Abus that he meant the river had that name before ever it came to the Out-let f What our Author says of Coyfi throwing down the Fanum Impietatis domicilium Saxon-Idols does hardly seem to be cautiously or accurately enough exprest For it does not appear that any cover'd Temples were erected for the service of those Pagan-Idols which the Saxons here worship'd Polluit destruxit eas quas ipse sacraverat aedes says the Latin * Lib. 2. c. 13 Bede speaking of this Coyfi and the Saxon-Paraphrase uses the word Æ¿igbed or as some Copies have it Æ¿eopede Æ¿aes HaeÆ¿enan gyldes implying not a Temple but an Altar as is evident from Matth. v. 23. and xxiii 18 19 c. No they were only surrounded with a hedge to defend their ditches from the annoyance of cattel as is sufficiently intimated by another expression in the same Chapter Mid Heora Hegum Æ¿e Hi ymbsette Æ¿aeron i.e. with the hedges wherewith they were surrounded g But for Antiquities Beverley Beverley is the most considerable place hereabouts call'd formerly Beverlac quasi locus vel lacus Castrorum à Castoribus quibus Hulla aqua vicina abundabat says Leland * Vid. Monast Angl. t. 1. p. 170. from an old Anonymous Manuscript concerning the Antiquities of Beverolac or Beverley Tho' our Author tells us it has nothing of greater Antiquity than John of Beverley yet the same Manuscript informs us it had a Church before that time dedicated to S. John the Evangelist which this Archbishop converted into a Chapel for his new-erected Monastery On the 13. of September An. 1664. upon opening a grave they met with a vault of squar'd free-stone 15 foot long and 2 foot broad at the head but at the feet a foot and a half broad Within it was a sheet of lead four foot long and in that the ashes six beads whereof three crumbl'd to dust with a touch of the three remaining two were suppos'd to be Cornelians with three great brass pins and four large iron nails Upon the sheet laid a leaden plate with this Inscription â ANNO AB INCARNATIONE DOMINI MCLXXXVIII COMBVSTA FVIT HAEC ECCLESIA IN MENSE SEPTEMBRI IN SEQVENTI NOCTE POST FESTVM SANCTI MATHAEI APOSTOLI ET IN AN. MCXCVII VI. IDVS MARTII FACTA FVIT INQVISITIO RELIQVIARVM BEATI JOHANNIS IN HOC LOCO ET INVENTA SVNT HAEC OSSA IN ORIENTALI PARTE SEPVLCHRI ET HIC RECONDITA ET PVLVIS CEMENTO MIXTVS IBIDEM INVENTUS EST ET RECONDITUS Cross over this there lay a box of lead about seven inâhes long six broad and five high wherein were several pieces of bones mix'd with a little dust and yielding a sweet smell All these things were carefully re-interr'd in the middle Alley of the body of the Minster where they were taken up Which circumstance does not by any means agree with what Bishop Godwin has left us about this Saint namely that he was bury'd in the Church porch For tho' what is mention'd in the Inscription was only a Re-interrment upon the Inquisition made yet it looks a little odd they should not lay the Reliques in the same place where they found them unless one should solve it this way that but part of the Church was then standing and they might lay him there with a design to remove him when it should be rebuilt but afterwards either neglected or forgot it The Minster here is a very fair and neat structure the roof is an arch of stone In it there are several monuments of the Percies Earls of Northumberland who have added a little Chapel to the Quire in the window whereof are the pictures of several of that family drawn in the glass At the upper-end of the Quire on the right-side of the Altar-place stands the Freed-stool mention'd by our Author made of one entire stone and said to have been remov'd from Dunbar in Scotland with a Well of water behind it At the upper end of the body of the Church next the Quire hangs an ancient Table with the pictures of St. John from whom the Church is nam'd and of K. Athelstan the founder of it and between them this Distich Al 's free make I thee As heart can wish or egh can see Hence the Inhabitants of Beverley pay no Toll or Custom in any port or town of England to which immunity I suppose they owe in a great measure their riches and flourishing condition For indeâd one is surpris'd to find so large and handsome a town within six miles of Hull In the body of the Church stands an ancient monument which they call the Virgins tomb because two Virgin-sisters lye buried there who gave the town a piece of land into which any free-man may put three milch-kine from Lady-day to Michaelmas At the lower end of the body of the Church stands a fair large Font of Agate-stone Near the Minster on the south-side of it is a place nam'd Hall-garth wherein they keep a Court of Record call'd Provost's Court. In this may be try'd Causes for any sum arising within its Liberties which are very large having about a hundred towns and parts of towns in Holderness and other places of the East-Riding belonging to it It is said to have also a power in Criminal matters tho' at present that is not us'd But to come to the condition of the town It is above a mile in length being of late much improv'd in its buildings and has pleasant springs running quite through it It is more especially beautified with two stately Churches and has a Free-school that is improv'd by two Fellowships six Scholarships and three Exhibitions in S. John's College in Cambridge belonging to it besides six Alms-houses the largest whereof was built lately by the Executors of Michael Wharton Esquire who by his last Will lâft 1000 l. for that use The Mayor
for their great bulk and branchy heads are very remarkable and extraordinary The river Ure which we have often mention'd has its rise here out of the western mountains and first runs through the middle of the vale Wentsedale Wentsedale which is sufficiently stock'd with cattel and has a great deal of lead in some places Not far from the first spring while it is yet but small 't is encreased by the little river Baint from the south which issues from the pool Semur with a great murmur At the confluence of these two streams where some few cottages call'd from the first bridge over the Ure Baintbrig was formerly a Roman garison Bracchium of which some remains are yet extant For upon the hill which from a burrough they now call Burgh there are the groundworks of an old fortification about five acres in compass and under it to the east the signs of many houses are yet apparent Where among several proofs of Roman Antiquity I have seen this fragment of an old Inscription in a very fair character with a winged Victory supporting it IMP. CAES. L. SEPTIMIO PIO PERTINACI AVGV IMP CAESARI M. AVRELIO A PIO FELICI AVGVSTO The name oâ ãâ¦ã eras'd BRACCHIO CAEMENTICIVM VI NERVIORVM SVB CVRA LA SENECION AMPLISSIMI OPERI L. VI SPIVS PRAE LEGIO From which we may conjecture that this fort at Burgh was formerly called Bracchium which before had been made of turf but then was built with stone and mortar that the sixth Cohort of the Nervii garison'd here who also seem to have had a Summer Camp upon that high hill trenched round which is hard by and is now called Ethelbury It is not long since a Statue of Aurelius Commodus the Emperour was dug up here Statue of Commodus the Emperour who as Lampridius has it was stil'd by his flatterers Britannicus even when the Britains were for chusing another against him This Statue seems to have been set up when through an extravagant esteem of himself he arriv'd to that pitch of folly that he commanded every one to call him The Roman Hercules son of Jupiter For it is formed in the habit of Hercules his right-hand armed with a club and under it as I am inform'd was this broken and imperfect Inscription which had been ill copied and was quite decay'd before I came hither CAESARI AVGVSTO MARCI AVRELII FILIO SEN IONIS AMPLISSIMI VENTS _____ PIVS This was extant in Nappa Nappâ a house built with turrets and the chief seat of the Medcalfs The ãâ¦ã which is counted the most numerous family this day in England For I have heard that Sir Christopher Medcalf Knight the chief of the family being lately Sheriff of the County was attended with 300 Knights all of this family and name and in the same habit to receive the Justices of the Assize and conduct them to York From hence the Ure runs very swiftly with abundance of Crey-fishes Crey-â ever since C. Medcalf within the memory of this age brought that sort of fish hither from the south parts of England l and between two rocks from which the place is called Att-scarre it violently rolls down its chanel not far from Bolton Bolton the ancient seat of the Barons de Scrope Barons ãâã Scrâpâ and a stately castle which Richard Lord le Scrope Chancellour of England in Richard the second 's time built at very great charge Now taking its course eastward it comes to the town of Midelham Midâehââ the Honour of which as we read in the Genealogy of the Nevils Alan Earl of Richmond gave to his younger brother * By ãâã Ribaa Rinebald with all the lands which before their coming belonged to Gilpatrick the Dane His grandchild by his son Ralph Lords of Midâehââ called Robert Fitz-Ralph had all Wentsedale bestowed on him by Conanus Earl of Bretagne and Richmond and built a very strong castle at Midleham Ranulph his son built a small Monastery for Canons at Coverham now contractedly called Corham in Coverdale Genealâââ antiquâââ and his son Ralph had a daughter Mary who being married to Robert Lord Nevill brought this large estate for a portion to the family of the Nevils This Robert Nevill having had many children by his wife was taken in adultery unknown and had his privy members cut off by the adulteress's husband in revenge which threw him into such excessive grief that he soon dy'd From hence the Ure having pass'd a few miles washes Jervis or Jorvalle-Abbey 1 Of Cistertians founded first at Fo rs add after translated hither by Stephen Earl of Britain and Richmond which is now decay'd then runs by Masham Mashaâ which belonged to the Scropes of Masham who as they are descended from the Scropes of Bolton fo are they again grafted into the same by marriage On the other side of this river but more inward stands Snath Snath the chief seat of the Barons de Latimer whose noble extraction is from G. Nevill younger son of Ralph Nevill first Earl of Westmorland who had this honourable title conferr'd on him by K. Henry the sixth of that name when the elder family of the Latimers had ended in a female Barons Latimeâ and so in a continu'd succession they have flourished till our time when for want of heirs-male to the last Baron this brave inheritance was parted among his daughters who were married into the families of the Percies the Cecils the D'anvers and Cornwallis There is no other place in these parts remarkable upon the Ure but Tanfeld Tanfeââ formerly the seat of the Gernegans Knights from these it descended to the Marmions Marmâââ lâ q. 6. â the last of these left Amice his heir the second wife of John Lord Grey of Rotherfeld whose two children taking the name of Marmion were heirs to their mother 2 John that assum'd the sirname of Marmion and dy'd issueless and Robert who left behind him one only daughter and sole heir Elizabeth wife to Sir Henry Fitz-Hâgh a nâble Baron and one of them left an only daughter and heiress Elizabeth the wife of Fitz-Hugh a famous Baron The Ure now receives the Swale Swalâ sacred ââver so called as Thom. Spott has it from its swiftness which enters it with a great leaping and hurry of waters This also rises out of the western mountains hardly five miles above the head of the river Ure and runs to the eastward It was very sacred among the ancient English because when the Saxons were first converted to Christianity there were baptiz'd in it on one day with great joy by Paulinus Archbishop of York above ten thousand men besides women and children The course of the Swale lies through a pretty large vale which is called Swaldale from it and has grass enough but wants wood and first by Marricke âârricke where stood a Cloister built by the Askes men of great note heretofore
they be original productions of Nature or petrify'd Shell-fishes of the Nautilus kind has been very much controverted by several Learned men on both sides But he is of opinion that they are rather spiral petrifications produc'd in the Earth by a sort of fermentation peculiar to Alum-mines Hence they are plentifully found in the Alum-pits at Rome Rochel and Lunenburgh as well as in those of this Country and 't is probale that Keinsham and other parts of England where these stones are found would afford likewise good store of Alum But a fuller account of those Alums than hitherto we have had is to be hop'd for from Mr. Lhwyd Mr. Beaumont and Mr. Woodward The particular method of making it in this place is fully describ'd by Mr. Ray in his â Pag. 201. Collection of English words d For the Synod held here our Author had no less authority than the â Lib. 3. Capp 25. 26. Ecclesiastical History of Venerable Bede but yet neither King Alfred's Paraphrase nor the Saxon Chronicle mentioning any such thing makes it a little suspicious And that the whole matter is really a Fable is prov'd by Mr. Nicholson in his * Part IV. in Episc Lindifarn History of the Kingdom of Northumberland which will shortly be printed This Whitby hath a very fair and commodious Haven There are about sixty Ships of 80 Tuns or more belonging to the Town e Since Mr. Camden's time Moulgrave Moulgrave in this Riding hath given the honourable title of Earl to Edmund Lord Sheffields of Butterwick Lord President of the North and created Earl of this place Febr. 7. in the first year of Charles 1. He was succeeded by Edmund his grandchild by Sir John Sheffields his second son to which Edmund John his son and heir succeeded in this honour f All along these shores Mr. Ray observ'd the people very busie in making of Kelp which they do in this manner They gather the Sea-wrack and lay it on heaps and when 't is dry they burn it While it is burning they stir it to and fro with an Iron-rake so it condenses and cakes together into such a body as we see Kelp to be and is of use in making of Alum If they should not stir it it would burn to ashes as other combustible bodies use to do g The neighbouring tract call'd Cliveland Cliveland has since our Author's time given the title of Earl to Thomas Lord Wentworth created Febr. 7. 1 Car. 1. who dy'd without issue In the 22th year of Charles the second the title of Dutchess of Cliveland during life was conferr'd upon Barbara Villiers daughter to the Lord Viscount Grandison One could hardly imagine how this name should be taken from Cliffs when Travellers have observ'd it to be a perfect plain particularly by a prospect from Roseberry-Toppin The Soil is exceeding clayie which has occasion'd this Proverb Cliveland in the clay Bring in two soles and carry one away h The abbey-Abbey-Church of Gisburgh Gisburgh seems by the ruins to have been comparable to the best Cathedrals in England The Inhabitants of this place are observ'd by Travellers to be very civil and well bred cleanly in dressing their diet and very decent and neat in their houses Here are two Alum-works one belonging to the Chaloners the other to the Darcies but were both laid aside some years ago Possibly Whitby lying more conveniently and having plenty of the Mine at hand may have got the trade from them i Since Mr. Camden's time Danby Danby hath afforded the title of Earl to Henry Lord Danvers of Dantsey created Febr. 7. 1 Car. 1. but he dy'd without issue in the year 1643. In 1674. June 27. this title was conferr'd upon Thomas Oâborn created before Baron of Kiveton and Viscount Latimer since advanc'd to the dignity of Marquiss of Carmarthen and lately created Duke of Leeds Continuation of the DUKES As James 1. created Charles his second son Duke of York so Charles succeeding his father in the Throne declared his second son James afterwards King James 2. Duke of the same place whereupon at his birth he receiv'd that title but was not created till the 27th of Jan. 1643. being the 19th year of his father's reign Cockle-stones k As to the stones like Cockles mention'd by our Author in Richmondshire Mr. Nicholson affirms he could never hear of any that were met with lying single and dispers'd but that plenty of them as well here as in other places of the North are found in firm rocks and beds of Lime-stone sometimes at six or eight fathom within ground Whence the Miners call them Run-Limestone they supposing these figures to be produc'd by a more than ordinary heat and quicker fermentation than they allow to the production of the other parts of the quarry And this perhaps is as rational an account of these Sports of Nature as any that our Modern Virtuosi have hitherto pitch'd upon l Sir Christopher Medcalf might have had a stock of Crey-fish Crey-fish nearer home for in the County of Westmorland the rivers Kent Lowther and others are plentifully stockt with them m Tho' the name of the old Caturactonium be left in Catarick yet are the remains of it met with about three flight-shots from the bridge at a farm-house call'd Thornburgh standing upon a high ground where as well as at Brampton upon Swale on the other side of the river they have found Roman Coins Upon the bank of the river which here is very steep there are foundations of some great walls more like a castle than any private building and the large prospect makes it very convenient for a Frontier-garison It is credibly reported that almost a hundred years ago these walls were dug into out of hopes of finding some treasure and that the work-men at last came to a pair of Iron gates Overjoy'd at this and thinking their business done they go to refresh themselves but before their return a great quantity of hanging ground had fall'n in and the vast labour of removing the rubbish discourag'd them from any further attempt The level plot of ground upon the hill adjoyning to the Farm-house may be about ten acres in several parts whereof Roman Coins have been plow d up one particularly of gold with this Inscription Nero Imp. Caesar and on the Reverse Jupiter Custos Within this compass also they have met with the bases of old Pillaâs and a floor of brick with a pipe of lead passing perpendicularly down into the earth which is thought by some to have been a place wheâe sacrifice was done to the Infernal Gods and that the blood descended by those pipes Likewise in Sir John Lawson's great grandfather's time to which family the estate came by marriage as the Servants were plowing the Plow-share stuck fast in the ear of a great brass-pot which upon removing the earth they observ'd to be cover'd with flat-stones and upon opening found it as 't is
the said Anthony The name of the place is Lanchester which I once imagin'd to be the old Longovicum But to return to the Were which at last winds about into the east and running by Hilton a castle of the Hiltons Hilton-castle falls into the sea at Wiran-muth as Bede calls it but now Monks-were-mouth that is the mouth of the Were belonging to the Monks Of which William of Malmesbury writes thus The Were flowing into the Sea here kindly receives the ships that are brought in with a gentle wind upon each bank whereof Benedict Bishop Bishop Benedict built a Church l and likewâse in the same places founded Monasteries the one to Peter the other to Paul Whoever reads the life of this man will admire his industry in bringing hither great store of books and in being the first man that ever brought Masons and Glaziers into England Glaziers first in England Five miles higher the Tine also draws to its mouth which for some way as we have observ'd made the north-side of our triangle with the Derwent Upon the Derwent which rises near the * Apex angle of this triangle nothing is eminent unless it be Ebchester Ebchester as they now call it a small village so nam'd from Ebba S. Ebba descended from the blood-royal of the Northumbrians who flourish'd about the year 630. in so much repute and esteem for her sanctity that she was solemnly canoniz'd for a Saint and has many Churches dedicated to her in this Island which are commonly call'd St. Tabbs S. Tabbs for St. Ebbs. The first remarkable upon the Tine is Gateshead Gateshead in Saxon Gaetsheved and in the same sence by Historians Caprae caput i.e. Goats-head which is a kind of Suburbs to Newcastle upon the other side the Tine and was annexed to it by Edward the sixth when he had suppress'd the Bishoprick but Queen Mary soon after restor'd it to the Church This place is commonly believ'd to be of greater antiquity than Newcastle it self And if I should say farther that this and Newcastle for they seem formerly to have been only one Town parted by the river were that Frontier-garison which in the times of the later Emperours was call'd Gabrosentum Gâbrosentum and defended by the second Cohort of the Thraces and that it retain'd its old name in a due sense and signification notwithstanding this Newcastle has chang'd its name once or twice I hope it would be no ways inconsistent with truth For Gaffr is us'd by the Britains for a Goat and Hen in composition for Pen which signifies a head and in this very sense and meaning it is plainly call'd Caprae caput or Goats-head by our old Latin Historians as Brundusium took its name from the head of a Stag in the language of the Messapii And I am apt to fancy that this name was given the place from some Inn or other that had set out the Goats-head for the sign just like the Cock in Africa The three Sisters in Spain and The Pear in Italy all of them mention'd by Antoninus which as some learned men think took their names from such signs As for our Historians they unanimously call it Caprae caput when they tell us that Walcher Bishop of Durham who was constituted Earl by William the Conquerour to govern the Northumbrians was slain in this place by the furious rabble for his severe and illegal proceedings Below this village almost upon the mouth of the Tine stands Girwy now Jarrow Jarrow Girwy where venerable Bede was born and where a little Monastery heretofore flourisht When and by whom it was founded may be learnt from this Inscription which is legible to this day in the Church-wall DEDICATIO BASILICAE S. PAVLI VIII KL MAII ANNO XVI ECFRIDI REG. CEOLFRIDI ABB. EIVSDEMQ ECCLES DEO AVCTORE CONDITORIS ANNO IIII. m Now the greater Churches ãâã when the saving light of the Gospel began to shine abroad in the world for it is not impertinent to note thus much were call'd Basilicae because the Basilicae of the Gentiles namely those stately buildings where the Magistrates held their Courts of Justice were converted to Churches by the Christians Whence Ausonius Basilica olim negotiis plena nunc votis i.e. The Basilica frequented for business heretofore but now for devotion Or else because they were built in an oblong form as the Basilicae were Here our Bede Bâde the great glory of England for his eminent piety and learning sirnam'd Venerable made it his business as he himself says to study the Scriptures and in the very worst times of barbarity writ many learned volumes Upon his death as William of Malmesbury says almost all knowledge of History down to our times went to the grave with him For whilst one still succeeded lazier than another all spirit of study and industry was quite extinct in the Island The Danes were so troublesome to this holy place that in the beginning of the Norman times when some had reviv'd the Monastick Order in these parts and Walcher the Bishop had assign'd them this place the walls says my Author stood without a roof and without any remains of their ancient splendour however covering them with rough unhewn wood they thatch'd them with straw and began to celebrate Divine Service n. It is not necessary that I here give an account of all the Bishops of Durham Bishâps Durham who are reckon'd Counts Palatines It may suffice to observe in short that from the first foundation of this Bishoprick in the year 995. to our times there have presided thirty five Bishops in this See The most eminent of them are these four Hugh de Puteaco or Pudsey who for 1013 l. ready money purchas'd of Richard the first the Earldom of Northumberland for his own life and Sathbregia to hold to him and his Successors for ever and founded a very fine Hospital as was observ'd before Between him and the Archbishop there happen'd a most grievous out-fall See the Earls of Northââberland whilst as one words it the one would be superiour the other would not be inferiour and neither would do any good Next Anthony Bec Patriarch of Jerusalem who spent vast sums of money in extravagant buildings and glorious furniture Thomas Wolsey Cardinal who wanted nothing to compleat his happiness but moderation his story is well enough known And Cuthbert Tunstall who dy'd about the beginning of this age and for his knowledge in the best kinds of learning and a holy life 4 And great wisdom approv'd in domestical and foreign employments was without envy be it spoken * equal to them all and the great ornament of our Britain e Since the year 1607. wherein Mr. Camden publisht the last Edition of his Britannia there have been five Bishops of this See There are in this County and Northumberland 118. Parish Churches besides a great many Chapels ADDITIONS to the BISHOPRICK of DVRHAM
of Parliament annex'd a very great estate to this Dutchy which had fall'n to him in right of his mother 13 Dame Mary who was the daughter and coheir of Humphry Bohun Earl of Hereford And in this state and condition it remain'd from that time saving that Edward the fourth in the first of his reign when he had attainted Henry the sixth in Parliament for Treason appropriated it as they term it to the Crown that is to say to him and his heirs Kings of England However Henry the seventh soon broke this entail and so at this day it has its particular Officers namely a Chancellor Attorney Receiver Clerk of the Court six Assessors a Messenger two Auditors three and twenty Receivers and three Supervisors There are reckon'd in this Shire besides several Chapels only 36 Parishes but those very populous and such as for number of Parishioners far exceed the greatest Parishes anywhere else ADDITIONS to LANCASHIRE a THo' Lancaster has given the name to this County yet Manchester âââââeââer whether one consider Antiquity number of inhabitants or growth seems to be more considerable And yet for all that it is neither a Corporation nor does it send Burgesses to Parliament tho' perhaps of an in-land town it has the best trade of any one in the north of England It is water'd with the rivers Irke and Irwell but there is no such river about it as Spolden upon which the late Historical and Geographical Dictionary has falsly plac'd it as it hath also it's distance from London which is really 147 miles The Fustian-Manufacture call'd Manchester-Cottons still continues there and is of late very much improv'd by some modern inventions of dying and printing and this with the great variety of other manufactures known by the name of Manchester-Wares renders not only the town it self but also the parish about it rich populous and industrious Sixty years ago there were computed near 2 000 Communicants in the town and Parish since which time the inhabitants are much more numerous proportionable to the increase of trade The Collegiate Church which was built in the year 1422. is a very large beautiful and stately edifice and the Quire is particularly remarkable for it's neat and curious carv d work It is likewise beautify'd with three remarkable Foundations a College a Hospital and a Publick School the following account whereof we owe to the worthy Warden of this place The College was first founded A. D. 1421. by Thomas De la Ware at first Rector of the said Parish-Church and brother to the Lord De la Ware whom he succeeded in the estate and honour and then founded a College there consisting of one Master or Keeper eight Fellow-Chaplains four Clerks and six Choristers in honour of St. Mary to whom the said parish-Parish-Church was formerly dedicated St. Dennis of France and St. George of England This foundation was dissolved 1547. in the first year of King Edward 6. the lands and revenues of it taken into the King's hands and by him demised to the Earl of Derby and the College-house and some lands sold to the said Eaâl The College was re-founded by Queen Mary who restored most of the lands and revenues only the College it self and some of its revenues remain'd still in the hands of the Earl of Derby It was also founded a-new by Queen Elizabeth A. D. 1578. by the name of Christ's College in Manchester consisting of one Warden four Fellows two Chaplains four Singing-men and four Choristers the number being lessen'd because the revenues were so chieflâ by the covetousness and false-dealing of Thomas Herle then Warden and his Fellows who sold away or made such long leases of the revenues as could never yet some of them be retrieved It was last of all re-founded by King Charles 1. A. D. 1636 constituting therein one Warden four Fellows two Chaplains four Singing men and four Choiristers and incorporating them by the name of the Warden and Fellows of Christ's College in Manchester the Statutes for the same being drawn up by Archbishop Laud. The Hospital was founded by Humphrey Cheetham Esquire and incorporated by King Charles 2. designed by the said bountiful Benefactor for the maintânance of 40 poor boys out of the Town and Parish of Manchester and some other neighbouring Parishes But since 't is enlarged to the number of 60 by the Governours of the said Hospital to be taken in between the age of 6 and 10 and there maintained with meat drink lodging and cloaths to the age of 14 and then to be bound Apprentices to some honest trade or calling at the charge of the said Hospital For the maintenance of which he endowed the same with the yearly revenue of 420 l. which is since improved by the care and good husbandry of the Feoffees or Governours to the yearly sum of 517 l. 8 s. 4 d. they having laid out in the purchace of lands the sum of 1825 l. which was saved out of the yearly income over and above the maintenance of the poor children and others belonging to the said Hospital wherein there are annually near 70 persons provided for Within the Hospital and by the bounty of the said Founder is also erected a very fair and spacious Library already furnished with a competent stock of choice and valuable books to the number of near 4000 and daily encreasing with the income of 116 l. per an setled upon the same by the said worthy benefactor to buy Books for ever and to afford a competent salary for a Library-keeper Theâe is also a large School for the Hospital-boys where they are daily instructed and taught to write and read The Publick School was founded A. D. 1519 by Hugh Oldham D. D. and Bishop of Exeter who bought the Lands on which the School stands and took the Mills there in lease of the Lord De la Ware for 60 years Afterwards with the Bishop's money Hugh Bexwick and Joan his sister purchased of the Lord De la Ware his Lands in Ancoates and the Mills upon lâk and left them in Feoffment to the said Free school for ever Which Revenues are of late very much encreas'd by the Feoffees of the School who out of the improvements have as well considerably augmented the Masters salaries as the Exhibitions annually allowed to the maintenance of such scholars at the University as the Warden of the College and the high Master shall think requisite and have besides for some years past added a third Master for whom they have lately erected a new and convenient School at the end of the other Besides these publick Benefactions and Endowments there have been several other considerable sums of money and annual revenues left and bequeathed to the Poor of the said Town who are thereby with the kindness and Charity of the present inhabitants competently provided for without starving at home or being forced to seek relief abroad The Town gives title to an honourable family Henry Mountague being
aa They are not both in this river but one in this and the other in the river Betham above Milchorp and has upon its Western bank a very populous town call Candale 1 Or Kândale or Kirkby-Candale i.e. a Church in the valley upon Can. It has two Streets crossing each other is very eminent for the woollen manufacture and the industry of the inhabitants who trade throughout all England with their woollen cloath Their greatest honour is ãâ¦ã that Barons and Earls have taken their titles from the place The Barons were of the family of Ivo Taleboys of whose posterity William by consent of King Henry the second call'd himself William of Lancaster His ãâ¦ã of ãâã niece and heir was marry'd to Gilbert son of Roger Fitz-Reinfrid by whose daughters upon the death of William his son the estate came to Peter Brus the second Lord of Skelton of that Christian-name and William Lindsay from whom on the mother's side Ingelram Lord of Coucy in France ãâã of ãâ¦ã deriv'd his pedigree as I understood by the History of Fourness-Abbey By the daughter of this Peter Brus sister and heiress to Peter Brus the third the Barony descended to the Rosses of Werke and from them the honour was devolv'd hereditarily upon the Parrs 2 Of whom Sir William Parr was made Lord Par by King Henry 8. whose Castle over against the town is ready to drop down with age It has had three Earls ãâã of ãâã John Duke of Bedford advanc'd to that honour by his brother King Henry the fifth John Duke of Somerset and John de Foix descended from the noble family of the Foix in France whom King Henry the sixth rais'd to that dignity for his faithful service in the French wars Upon which account possibly it is that some of this family of Foix in France have still the sirname of Kendal c I know no other piece of Antiquity that Kendal can boast of Once indeed I was of opinion that it was the old Roman station Concangii but time has inform'd me better d ãâ¦ã Lower in the river Can there are two Water-falls where the water is tumbled headlong with a hideous noise one at a little village call'd Levens another more Southward near Betham From these the neighbours draw certain prognostications of the weather for when the Northern one has a clear sound they promise themselves fair weather but when the Southern rain and mists And thus much of the Southern and more narrow part of this County bounded on the West with the river Winster and the spacious Lake mention'd but now call'd Winander-mere and on the east with the river Lone or Lune At the upper corner of this Lake Winander-mere Ambleside lyes the carcass as it were of an ancient City with large ruins of walls and scatter'd heaps of rubbish without the walls The Fort has been of an oblong figure fortify'd with a ditch and rampire in length 132 Ells and in breadth 80. That it was a work of the Romans the British bricks the mortar temper'd with small pieces of bricks the little Urns or Pots the Glass Vials the Roman Coins commonly met with the round stones like Mill-stones of which â Coagmentatis soder'd together they us'd formerly to make Pillars and the pav'd ways leading to it are all an undeniable Evidence But the old name is quite lost unless one should imagine from the present name Ambleside that this was the Amboglana Ambolgana mention'd by the Notitia e Towards the East the river Lone is the limit and gives its name to the adjoyning tract Lonsdale i.e. a vale upon the Lone the chief town whereof is Kirkby Lonsdale whither the neighbouring Inhabitants resort to Church and Market Above the head of the Lone the Country grows wider and the Mountains shoot out with many windings and turnings between which there are here and there exceeding deep vallies and several places hollow'd like so many deep or caves f The noble river of Eden Eden call'd by Ptolemy Ituna Ituâa b It arises in Westmorland at a place call'd Hugh seat Morvil or Hugh Morvil's hill from one of that name sometimes Lord of Westmorland Out of the same hill there run two other great rivers on Yorkshire-side Eure and Swale rising in Yorkshire has at first only a small stream but increasing gradually by the confluence of several little rivers seeks a passage through these Mountains to the North-west by Pendragon-Castle c See Skipton in the Additions to the West-Riding of Yorkshire to which age has left nothing but the name and a heap of great stones g Then it runs by Wharton-hall the seat of the Barons of Wharton Wharton-hall Lords Wharton the first whereof was 3 Sir Thomas Wharton Thomas advanc'd to that honour by King Henry the Eighth To him succeeded his son of the same name who was succeeded by Philip the present Lord a person of great honour h Next by Kirby-Stephen or Stephen's Church a noted market and so by two little villages call'd Musgrave Musgrave that gave name to the warlike family of the Musgraves i of which Thomas Musgrave in the time of Edward the third was summon'd to Parliament among the Barons their seat was Heartly-Castle Heartly-Castle hard by Here the Eden as it were stops its course that it may receive some rivulets upon one of which scarce two miles from Eden it self stood Verterae Verterae an ancient town mention'd by Antoninus and the Notitia From the latter of these we learn that in the decline of the Roman Empire a Praefect of the Romans quarter'd there with a band of the Directores Now the town it self is dwindl'd into a little village defended with a small Fort and its name pass'd into Burgh Burgh under Stane-more Veget. l 4. c. 10. for it is call'd Burgh under Stane-more i.e. a Burrow under a stony Mountain Under the later Emperours to observe it once for all the little Castles which were built for the emergent occasions of war and stor'd with provisions began to be call'd Burgi a new name which after the translation of the Empire into the East the Germans and others seem to have taken from the Greek ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã And hence the Burgundians have their name from inhabiting the Burgi Orosius for so that age call'd the Dwellings planted at a little distance one from another along the Frontiers I have read nothing of it but that in the beginning of the Norman Government 4 The Northern English the English form d a Conspiracy here against William the Conquerour I durst almost affirm that this Burgh was the old Verterae both because the distance on one side from Levatrae and on the other from Brovonacum if resolv'd into Italian miles does exactly agree with the number assign'd by Antoninus and also because a Roman military way still visible by its high ridge or
and sent for Aidan a Scotchman to instruct his people in the Christian Religion The place where the Victory was obtain'd was afterwards call'd Heafenfeld ââfânfeld â Haleâ or Heaven field which now in the same sense as some will have it is nam'd Haledon Whereon Oswalds Life gives us the following piece of Meter Tunc primùm scivit causam cur nomen haberet Heafenfeld hoc est coelestis Campus illi Nomen ab Antiquo dedit appellatio gentis Praeteritae tanquam belli praesaga futuri Nominis Caussam mox assignavit ibidem Coelitùs expugnans coelestis turba scelestam Neve senectutis ignavia posset honorem Tam celebris delere loci tantique Triumphi Ecclesiae Fratres Haugustaldensis adesse Devoti Christúmque solent celebrare quotannis Quóque loci persestat honos in honore beati Oswaldi Regis ibi construxere Capellam And now he understood whence Heavenfeld came Call'd in old time by that prophetick name For now the reason of the name was given When Hell 's vile Troops were overcome by Heaven But least devouring Ages should deface The glorious triumph of the sacred place The Monks of old Hagustald every year Do meet and joyn in their devotions here And that great Oswald's fame should never dye They 've rais'd a Chapel to his memory And another for his Commendation well enough for the barbarous Age he liv'd in writes thus Quis fuit Alcides Quis Caesar Julius Aut quis Magnus Alexander Alcides se superâsse Fertur Alexander Mundum sed Julius hostem Se simul Oswaldus Mundum vicit hostem m Caesar and Hercules applaud thy fame And Alexander owns thy greater name Tho' one himself one foes and one the world o're-came Great conquests all but bounteous Heav'n in thee To make a greater joyn'd the former three Below S. Oswald's both Tines meet after South-Tine which goes along with the Wall at about two miles distance from it has pass'd by Langley-Castle where formerly ãâã Neâ in the Reign of King John Adam de Tindale had his Barony which afterwards descended upon Nicholas de Bolteby and was lately in the possession of the Percies and has slidden under a tottering and crazy wooden Bridge at Aidon And now the whole Tine being well grown and still encreasing presses foward in one Chanel for the Ocean running by Hexam Hexam which Bede calls Haugustald and the Saxons Hextoldesham That this was the Axelodunum Axelâdunum of the Romans where the first Cohort of the Spaniards were in garison the name implies and so does its situation on the rising of a hill for the Britains call'd such a Mount Dunum Dunum But take an account of this place from Richard its Prior who liv'd above five hundred years ago n Not far from the Southern bank of the river Tine stands a Town of a small extent indeed at present and but thinly inhabited but as the remaining marks of its ancient state will testifie heretofore very large and magnificent This place is call'd Hextoldesham from the little rivulet of Hextold which runs by and sometimes suddenly overflows it In the year 675. Etheldreda wife to King Egfrid assign'd it for an Episcopal See to S. Wilfrid who built here a Church which for a curious and most beautiful Fabrick surpass'd all the Monasteries in England See also what Malmesbury has written of it This was Crown-Land till Bishop Wilfrid chang'd others for it with Queen Etheldreda 'T was wonderful to see what towering Buildings were there erected how admirably contriv'd with winding stairs by Masons brought in prospect of his great Liberality from Rome Insomuch that they seem'd to vye with the Roman pomp and long out-struggled even time it self At which time King Egfrid made this little City a Bishop's Seat But that Honour after the i There were twelve several Bishops of Hexham besides S. Cuthbert who might brobably be reckon'd for a thirteenth For he is said to have been both elected and consâcrated to âhat See though he did not think fit to take the charge upon him eighth Bishop was wholly lost the Danish wars prevailing Afterwards it was only reckon'd a Manour of the Archbishop's of York till they parted with their right in an exchange made with Henry the eighth 'T is also famous for the bloody Battel wherein John Nevil Lord Montacute very bravely engag'd and as fortunately vanquish'd the Generals of the House of Lancaster and for so doing was created Earl of Northumberland by Edward the fourth At present its only glory is the old Monastery part whereof is turn'd into the fair house of k It was since part of the estate of Sir John Fenwick who sold it to Sir William Blacket of Newcastle Baronet Sir J. Foster Knight The West-end of the Church is demolish'd The rest stands still entire and is a very stately Structure in the Quire whereof may be seen an old Tomb of a Person of Honour of the Martial Family of the Umfranvils Men buried cross legg'd as his Coat of Arms witnesses lying with his Legs across By the way in that posture it was then the custom to bury such only as had taken the Cross upon them being under that Banner engag'd in the Holy War for the recovery of the Holy-Land out of the Hands of the Mahometans Near the East-end of the Church on a rising brow stand two strong Bulwarks of hew'n-stone which I was told belong to the Archbishop of York From hence Eastward we pass'd on to Dilston Dilston the Seat of the Ratcliffs call'd in old Books Devilston from a small brook which here empties it self into Tine and which Bede names Devil's burn where as he writes Oswald arm'd with Christian Faith in a fair field slew Cedwall the Britain Bede l 3. c. 1 that wretched Tyrant who before had slain two Kings of Northumberland and miserably wasted their Country o On the other bank of Tine stands Curia Ottadinorum mention'd by Ptolemy Ninius calls it Curia which by the distances should seem to be Antonine's l Read Corstopilum For so says H. Surita's Edition both in the Text and Comment Corstopitum 't is now call'd Corbridge Corbridge from the Bridge here built by Hoveden Corobrige and by Henry of Huntingdon Cure At this day it has nothing remarkable but a Church and a little Tower-house built and inhabited by the Vicars of the place Yet there are many ruins of ancient buildings Treasure sought in vain Hoveden Tacitus amongst which King John search'd for some old hidden Treasure but Fortune favour'd him no more in this vain quest than she did Nero in his Enquiries after the conceal'd riches of Dido at Carthage For he found nothing but stones mark'd with Brass Iron Lead p Whoever views the neighbouring heap of rubbish which is now call'd Colecester Colecester will readily conclude it to have been a Roman Fort. Upon the same bank we saw the fair Castle of Biwell
whereof one was rebuilt at the publick charge of the Corporation A. D. 1682. and endow'd with sixty pounds per annum whereof thirty is for the maintenance of a Catechetical Lecturer who is to expound the Catechism of the Church of England every Sunday and to preach a Sermon every first Wednesday in the month Twenty pounds are assign'd to a Schoolmaster and ten to an Usher who are to prepare the Children of the Parish for the said Lecture Besides which the Town pays yearly 580 l. towards the maintenance of their Vicar and those Lecturers and Curates that are under him s Both it s Wealth and Commerce are wonderfully encreas'd since Camden's time The Coal-trade is incredible and for other Merchandice Newcastle is the great Emporium of the northern parts of England and of a good share of Scotland The publick Revenue is also wonderfully advanc'd of late years for which the Town is in a great measure indebted to the provident care and good management of its two great Patriots Sir William Blacket Baronet and Timothy Davison Esquire Aldermen t At Fenham a little village in the parish of Newcastle there are now some Coal-pits on fire which have burn'd for several years The flames of this subterraneous fire are visible by night and in the day-time the track of it may be easily follow'd by the Brimstone which lies on the surface of the Earth Newcastle has afforded the title of Earl to Lodowick Stewart Duke of Lennox and Earl of Richmond created in May 1604. But in the year 1627. this title was conferr'd upon William Cavendish Viscount Mansfield and Baron Ogle who was afterwards in 1643. created Marquiss of Newcastle and the year following Duke of Newcastle In 1676. he was succeeded by his son Henry Cavendish But of late the right honourable John Holles Earl of Clare was created Duke of this place by his present Majesty u The Rutarii Rutarii or Ruptarii are not only mention'd by our Historians in the reign of King John but before his time in the reign of Hen. 2. and after it under Hen. 3. By all the accounts we have of 'em it appears they were mercenary German Troops Now in the High-Dutch Rott whence our English Rout is a Company of Soldiers Rotten or Rottiren to muster Rottmeister a Corporal c. That from hence we are to fetch the true original of the word we are sufficiently taught by Will. Neubrigensis who liv'd and wrote his History in the times of these Rutars Rex says he stipendiarias Brabantionum copias quas Rutas vocant accersivit lib. 2. c. 27. Dr. Wats is therefore mistaken who in his Glossary derives the name from the German Reuter a Trooper or Horseman uu The Town of Morpeth together with Gilles-land c. came by Elizabeth sister and coheir of George the last Lord Dacre to her husband the Lord William Howard of Naworth third son to the Duke of Norfolk whose grandson Charles was soon after the Restauration of Charles the second created Earl of Carlisle and Viscount Morpeth Which Honours were inherited by his son Edward and are now enjoy'd by the most accomplish'd young Nobleman his grandson Charles the third Earl of Carlisle of this Family w At the famous Synod mention'd by our Author S. Cuthbert is said to have been chosen Bishop By the account that Bede and especially his Royal Paraphrast gives of the matter it looks more like a Parliament than a Synod for the Election is reported to have been mid anmodre geê§afunge ealra ê§aera Æ¿itena Now Æ¿itena in the Language of those times signifies Senators or Parliament-men who it seems unanimously chose him Bishop Bed Eccl. Hist. l. 4. c. 28. The meeting is indeed said to have been on the river Alne And yet I very much doubt whether this Twiford Twiford be in Northumberland and whether Archbishop Theodore ever came so far north There are a great many Twifords in the south of England The Legend of S. Cuthbert p. 17. says this Synod was held at Twiford upon Slu. x There never was any Covent or Monastery founded at Alnwick Alnwicâ or near it by John Vescie There was indeed a Monastery of the Order of the Praemonstratenses founded by Eustachius Fitz-John Father of William de Vescie who had that sirname from his Mother an Heiress But this was done in the year 1147. long before the Carmelites were heard of in England John Bale who was sometime a Carmelite himself tells us the first Covent of that Order was founded at Holm Hull they now call it near Alnwick by Ralph Fresburn a Northumberland Gentleman who dy'd A. D. 1274. and was buried in this Covent See Bale de Script Brit. Cent. 4. c. 1. and J. Pitz. ad Ann. 1274. 'T is a wonder how our Author came to mistake thus since he uses some of Bale's very words and must doubtless have read his account Eustachius's Abbey is still to be seen at half a mile's distance from the Covent of Hull down the river âââstaâââge y Within the Circuit of the old Castle of Dunstaburge grew lately 240. Winchester Bushels of Corn besides several Cart-loads of Hay 'T is now famous for Dunstaburgh-Diamonds a sort of fine Spar which seems to rival that of St. Vincent's Rock near Bristol z I do not think Bede himself ever gave out that Etymology about Bebba No mention of it in the Saxon But 't is there call'd cynelican byrig i.e. a Royal Mansion and 't is also said that it was miserably wasted by Penda the Pagan King of the Mercians who had certainly burnt it had not the Prayers of Bishop Aidan happily interpos'd Bede lib. 3. capp 12. 16. It was afterwards totally ruin'd and plunder'd by the Danes A. D. 933. Yet as ruinous as it now is the Lord of the Manour William Forster Esq still holds here in a corner of it his Courts of Leet and Baron Florence of Worcester seems to me to have been the first contriver of the story of Queen Bebba See Sir H. Spelman's Gloss in Beria After Mowbray's flight mention'd by our Author and his being taken at Tinmouth the Castle of Bamborough was stoutly maintain'd by Morael his Steward and Kinsman till the Earl himself was by the King's order brought within view of the Fort and threatned with the having his eyes put out in case the besieged held out any longer Whereupon it was immediately surrender'd and Morael for his bravery receiv'd into the King's Court and Favour See the Saxon. Chron. ad Ann. 1095. aa The Improvements in Tillage at Rock by John Salkeld Esq and in Gardening and Fruitery at Falladon by Samuel Salkeld Gent. both in the Parish of Emildon ought here to be mention'd as Fineries hardly to be equall'd on the North-side of Tyne The latter is the more observable because an eminent Author of this Age will hardly allow any good Peaches Plumbs Pears c. to be expected beyond Northamptonshire whereas Fruit is produc'd here in
See was placed here whose Bishops as all the rest of the Kingdom of Scotland were consecrated and confirm'd by the Archbishop of York till at the intercession of King James 3. by reason of often wars between the Scots and English Pope Sixtus the fourth constituted the Bishop of St. Andrews Primate and Metropolitan of all Scotland and Pope Innocent the eighth bound him and his successors to the imitation of the Metropolitan of Canterbury in these words Ex Cam. Apostolicá l. 24. f. 24. That in matters concerning the Archiepiscopal state they should observe and firmly hold the offices of Primacy and Legatine power their rights and the free exercise thereof the honours charges and profits and they should endeavour to observe inviolably the laudable customs of the famous Metropolitan Church of Canterbury whose Archbishop is born Legate of the Kingdom of England c. Nevertheless before this Lawrence Lundoris and Richard Corvil Doctors of the Civil Law reading publick lectures in this place laid the Foundation of an University now grown famous for the many learned men it hath produced for its three Colleges and in them for the Regius-Professors * See the Additions In commendation of it J. Johnston Regius-Professor of Divinity there hath these verses FANUM REGULI Sive ANDREAPOLIS Imminet Oceano paribus descripta viarum Limitibus pingui quà m benè septa solo Magnificis opibus staret dum gloria prisca Pontificum hîc fulsit Pontificalis apex Musarum ostentat surrecta palatia coelo Delicias hominum deliciasque Deûm Hîc nemus umbriferum Phoebi Nymphaeque sorores Candida quas inter praenitet Uranie Quae me longinquis redeuntem Teutonis oris Suscipit excelso collocat inque gradu Urbs nimiùm foelix Musarum si bona nôsset Munera aetherii regna beata Dei. Pelle malas pestes urbe quae noxia Musis Alme Deus coëant Pax Pietasque simul In equal streets the beauteous structures run And tow'ard the Ocean stretch the spacious town While Rome and Mitres aw'd the easie state Here the great Prelate kept his splendid seat In lofty Courts the gentle Muses reign And cheer with heavenly numbers gods and men While tuneful Phoebus charms the sounding groves And wondring Nymphs repeat his sacred loves Here me returning from the German Coast To those dear comforts I so long had lost Me Phoebus blest with his peculiar care Me in his honours gave the largest share Too happy town did she but rightly know The gifts that heaven and heaven's dear tribe bestow Far hence ye guardian powers all dangers chase But crown the Muses and the sacred place With constant joys of piety and peace Hard by the little river Eden or Ethan hath its entrance into the sea which rising near Falkland Falklaââ formerly belonging to the Earls of Fife m It was built by King James 5. whereof the Marquis of Athol is hereditary Keeper The place gives the title of Viscount to the Family of Fâlkâand but now a Royal retirement excellently well seated for the pleasures of hunting runs forward under a continued ridge of hills which cuts this territory in the middle by Struthers so called from the abundance of Reeds that grow there a Castle of the Barons Lyndsey Studenâ and by Cupre a noted Borough where the Sheriff keeps his Court. Upon which J. Johnston hath these verses CUPRUM FIFAE Arva inter nemorisque umbras pascua laeta Lenè fluens vitreis labitur Eden aquis Huc veniat siquis Gallorum à finibus hospes Gallica se hìc iterum fortè videre putet Anne etiam ingenium hinc fervida pectora traxit An potius patriis hauserat illa focis By fields by shady woods by flowry meads His chrystal stream the gentle Eden guides To these blest seats should Gallick strangers come They 'd find no change but think themselves at home Did that kind neighb'ring country lend the town The wit and courage she so oft hath shown Or was she better furnish'd from her own The shore now turns towards the North and upon the aestuary of Tay stood two famous Monasteries Bolmerinock âââmeriââââ built by Queen Ermengerd wife to King William and daughter of Viscount Beaumont in France now proud of its Baron James Elphinston 6 Advanc'd to that honour by James King of Great Britain and Lundoris âândâris founded amongst the Woods by David Earl of Huntingdon and now the Barony of Patrick Lesley Between these two lyes Banbrich âââârich a seat of the Earls of Rothes strongly built in form of a Castle But concerning the Towns of Fife lying along the shore take if you please these verses of J. Johnston Opida sic toto sunt sparsa in littore ut unum Dixeris inque uno plurima juncta eadem Littore quot curvo Forthae volvuntur arenae Quotque undis refluo tunditur ora salo Penè tot hic cernas instratum puppibus aequor Urbibus crebris penè tot ora hominum Cuncta operis intenta domus foeda otia nescit Sedula cura domi sedula cura forìs Quae maria quas non terras animosa juventus Ah! fragili fidens audet adire trabe Auxit opes virtus virtuti dura pericla Juncta etiam lucro damna fuere suo Quae fecere viris animos cultumque dedere Magnanimis prosunt damna pericla labor Ore all the shore so thick the towns are shown You 'd think them thousands and yet all but one As many sands as Forth 's great stream can hide As many waves as swell the rising tide So many vessels cut the noisie flood Such numerous tribes the scatter'd hamlets crowd On land some ply their work and some on seas And scorn the pleasures of inglorious ease Thro' what strange waves to what forsaken shores The labou'ring youth still urge their slender oars Thus riches come and happy plenty flows But riches still to accidents expose And he that gains must ever fear to lose Thus bred in hardships and inur'd to care They trust their courage and forget to fear Loss pains and all that angry fate can send Prove but incentives to a noble mind The Governour of this County as likewise of all the rest in the Kingdom was in antient times a Thane Thane that is in the old English tongue the King's Minister as it is also in the Danish at this day but Malcolm Canmore made Macduff who was Thane of Fife before the first hereditary Earl of Fife Earls of Fife and in consideration of his good services granted that his posterity should place the King when he is to be crowned in his chair lead the van-guard in the King's Army and if any of them should by chance kill either a gentleman or a commoner he should buy it off with a piece of money Not far from Lundoris there stands a stone-cross Cross Mac-duff which serves for a boundary
between Fife and Strathern with old barbarous verses upon it and had a certain privilege of a Sanctuary that any Homicide ally'd to Mac-duff Earl of Fife within the ninth degree if he came to this cross and gave nine cows with a * Colpindaâh Heifer he should be acquitted of the manslaughter When his Posterity lost this title I cannot yet learn but it appears by the Records of that Kingdom that King David 2. gave this Earldom to William Ramsay with all and every the immunities and the law which is called Clan Mac-duff And it is lookt upon as undeniable that the families of Weimes and Douglas and that great Clan Clan-Hatan whose head is Mac-Intoskech descended from them I find also by the learned J. Skene Clerk Register of Scotland in his Significations of words that Isabella daughter and heir to Duncan Earl of Fife granted upon certain conditions to Robert King of Scotland in trust for Robert Steward Earl of Menteith the Earldom of Fife who being afterwards Duke of Albany and eagerly affecting the Crown put David the King 's eldest son to one of the most miserable deaths that of hunger But his son Murdac suffered a punishment due to the wickedness both of his father and his own sons being put to death by King James the first 7 For their violent oppressions when a decree passed That the Earldom of Fife should for ever be united to the Crown But the authority of Sheriff of Fife belongs by inheritance to the Earl of Rothes Earl of Rothes m Vid. Hect. Boeth lib. 12. c STRATHERN ââââh-ern âââattry AS far as the River Tay which bounds Fife on the North side Julius Agricola the best of all the Propraetors of Britain under Domitian the worst of the Emperors carried his victories in the third year of his Expedition having so far wasted the Kingdom Into this aestuarie falls the noted River Ern ââe River ãâã which rising out of a Logh of the same name bestows it on the Country it runs through for it is called Straith-ern which in the antient British signifies a Valley upon Ern. The Banks of this Ern are adorned with Drimein-Castle ââââein belonging to the family of the Barons of Dromond ââââns âââmond who have risen to great honours since King Robert Steward the 3. married a wife out of this family For the Women of that family for charming beauty and complexion are beyond all others insomuch that they have been most delighted in by the Kings ãâã of âââârââ And upon the same bank Tulibardin-Castle shews it self aloft and that with more honour since by the favour of K. James 6. John Murray Baron of Tulibardin was advanced to the title and dignity of Earl of Tulibardin Upon the other bank lower stands Duplin-Castle Duplin the seat of the Barons Oliphant Baron Oliphant and still remembers how great an overthrow not to be equalled in former Ages the English that came to assist King Edward Balliol gave the Scots there insomuch that the English writers of that time attribute the victory wholly to God's power and not to any valour of man and the Scots report that there fell of the family of Lindsay 80 persons and that the name of Hays had been quite extinct had not the head of the family left his Wife big with child at home Not far off stands Innermeth Lords of Innermeth well known for its Lords the Stewards of the family of Lorn 8 Inch-chafra i.e. in the old Scottish tongue the Isle of Masses hereby may be remembred whenas it was a most famous Abbey of the Order of St. Augustin founded by the Earl of Strathern about the year 1200. But after the conflux of the Ern and the Tay by which the latter more expatiates it self he looks up upon Aberneth Abernethy standing upon his banks antiently the Royal Seat of the Picts and a populous city which as we read in an old fragment Nectanus K. of the Picts gave to God and S. Brigid until the day of judgment together with the bounds thereof which lie from a stone in Abertrent to a stone near Carful that is Loghfol and from thence as far as Ethan But a long time after it fell into the possession of the Douglasses Earls of Angus who are called Lords of Aberneth and are some of them there interred The first Earl of Strathern Earls of Strathern that I read of was 9 Malisse who in the time of K. Henry 3. of England marry'd one of the heirs of Robert Muschamp a potent Baron of England Long afterward c. Robert Stewart in the year 1380. then David a younger son of K. Robert 2. whose only daughter being given in marriage to Patrick Graham was mother of Mailise or Melisse Graham from whom K. James 1. took the Earldom after he had found by the Records of the Kingdom that it had been given to his * Avo paterno Mother's Grandfather and his Heirs Male This Territory as also Menteith adjoyning is under the government of the Barons Dromond hereditary Stewards of it Menteith Menteith Stewartry as they say hath its name from the River Teith called also Taich and thence in Latin they name this little Territory Taichia Upon the bank of which lies the Bishoprick of Dunblain Dunblain erected by K. David the first of that name * See the Additionâ Kird-bird At Kirk-Bird that is St. Brigid's Church the Earls of Menteith have their principal residence as also the Earls of Montross l. Montross is now a Marquisate of the same family not far off at Kin-kardin This Menteith as I have heard reaches to the Mountains that enclose the East side of Logh-lomond The antient Earls of Menteith were of the family of Cumen anciently the most numerous and potent in all Scotland but ruin'd by its own greatness The later Earls are of the House of Graham Earls of Menteâth ever since Mailise Graham attain'd to the honour of Earl d ARGATHELIA or ARGILE BEyond Logh-Lomond and the western part of Lennox near Dunbritton-Forth Argile lays out it self call'd in Latin Argathelia and Arogadia commonly Argile but more truly Argathel and Ar-Gwithil that is near to the Irish or as some old Records have it the brink or edge of Ireland for it lies towards Ireland whose inhabitants the Britains call'd Gwithil and Gaothel A Countrey much running out in length and breadth all mangled with Lakes well stock'd with fish and rising in some places into mountains very commodious for feeding of cattle wherein also wild Cows and Deer range up and down But along the coast what with rocks and what with blackish barren mountains it makes a horrid appearance In this tract as Bede observes Britain received after the Britons and Picts a 3d Nation the Scots into the Picts territories who coming out of Ireland with Reuda their Leader got either by force or friendship the habitation
towards the Ocean there were anciently seated the Taizali Some derive this later name from Boves Oxen whereas the ground is fitter to feed sheep whose wooll is highly commended Notwithstanding the Rivers in this Coast every where breed abundance of Salmon yet they never enter into the River Ratra Thâ Râver Raâra as Buchanan hath told us Neither let it prove to my disadvantage if I cite his Testimony although his books were prohibited by authority of Parliament in the year 1584. because many passages in them were fit to be dash'd out He there reports also That on the bank of Ratra there is a Cave near Stany 's Castle whose nature seems worth our taking notice of A strange âââer The water distilling by drops out of a natural vault is presently turned into pyramidal stones and if people did not take the pains to clear the cave now and then the whole space in a little time would be fill'd up to the top of the vault Now the stone thus made is of a middle nature betwixt Ice and hard stone for it is friable and never arrives to the solidity of Marble It is hardly worth my while to mention the Clayks Câayks a ãâã of Gâese a sort of Geese believed by some with great admiration to grow upon trees here in this coast and in other places and when they are ripe to fall down into the sea because neither their nests nor eggs cou'd ever any where be found But those that have seen the ship in which Sir Francis Drake sailed round the world laid up in the river Thames can testifie that little birds breed in the old rotten keels of ships since a great number of such without life and feathers stuck close to the outside of the keel of this ship Yet I should think that the generation of these birds was not from the logs of wood but from the sea term'd by the Poets the Parent of all things a Hector Boetius first spread this errour but that it is such âppend ãâã Librum â Part 3. ââatiae Ilâââatae Dr. Sibbalds has largely proved in his Scotia Illustrata only he is now convinced that thây are not informis mâssa carnosa as he there câlls them And a Discourse concerning the late worthy Sir Andrew Balfour to be prefixt to the Catalogue of his Books will in a short time give further light into it A mighty mass likewise of Amber Amber as big as the body of a Horse was not many years since thrown up upon this shore This the learned call Succinum Glessum and Chryso-electrum and Sotacus was of opinion that it was a juice which amongst the Britains distill'd from trees ran into the sea and was there hardned Tacitus had the same sentiments of it in this passage of his I should believe De moribus Germanorum that as there are trees in the secret parts of the east which sweat out frankincense and balm so in the Islands and other countreys of the west there are woods of a more fatty substance which melting by the hot beams of the near-approaching sun run into the sea hard by and being driven by tempestuous weather float to the opposite shores But Serapio and the modern Philosophers will have it to work out of a bituminous sort of earth under the sea and by the sea-side that the waves in stormy weather cast part of it upon the shore and that part of it is devoured by the fish But I have digressed too far and will return into my way hoping my ingenuous confession will purchase me a pardon In the reign of Alexander the 2d Alexander Comin had conferr'd upon him the honour of Earl of Buquhan Earls of Baquhan who married a daughter and one of the heirs of Roger de Quircy Earl of Winchester in England and his grand child by a son brought the same title to Henry Beaumorâ her husband For he in the reign of Edw. the 3d sat in the Parliament of England under the name of Earl of Buquhan Afterwards Alexander Stewart son to King Robert the 4th was Earl of this place succeeded by John a younger son of Robert Duke of Albany who being sent for into France with 7000 Auxiliary Scots by the French King Charles the 7th did extraordinary good service against the English and had so great a reputation there that after he had killed Thomas Duke of Clarence K. Henry the 5th's brother at Baugy and got as great a victory over the English as ever was obtained he was made Constable of France But 3 years after when the fortune of the war turned he with other valiant Commanders The valour of the Scots in the Wars of France Archibald Douglas Earl of Wigton and Duke of Tours c. was routed at Vernoil by the English and there slain Whom yet as the Poet said Aeternum memorabit Gallia cives Grata suos titulos quae dedit tumulos Those grateful France shall ever call her own Who owe to her their graves and their renown The French cannot but confess that they owe the preservation of France and recovery of Aquitain by thrusting out the English in the reigns of Charles the 6th and 7th in a great measure to the fidelity and valour of the Scots But afterwards K. James the first out of pity to Geo. of Dunbar whom by authority of Parliament he had before divested of the Earldom of March for his father's crimes gave him the Earldom of Buquhan And not long after James son of James Stewart of Lorn sirnamed the Black Knight 14 Whom he had by Queen Joan sister to the Duke of Somerset and widow to King James I. c. whom he had by Joan of Somerset obtained this honour and left it to his posterity but not long since for default of heirs male it went by a daughter to Douglas a younger brother of the House of Lochlevin Beyond Buchan in the bending back of the shore northwards lies Boen Boen and a Now a Barony in the family of Ogilby Bamff a small Sheriffdom * See the Additions and Ainza a little tract of less consideration as also Rothamy Castle the seat of the Barons of Salton Barons Salton sirnamed b Now Frazer Abernethy Beneath these lies Strath-bolgy Strath-bolgy that is the Valley upon the Bolgy formerly the seat of the Earls of Athol sirnamed from thence but now the chief residence of the Marquess of Huntley c Now from the Marquisate of Huntley rais'd to the Dukedom of Gordon Marquess of Huntley For this title K. James the 6th conferred upon Geo. Gordon Earl of Huntley Lord Gordon and Badzenoth eminent for his ancient nobility and his many followers and dependants Whose ancestors are descended from the Setons and by authority of Parliament took upon them the name of Gordon upon Alexander Seton's marrying the daughter of Sir John Gordon with whom he had a very noble estate and received
antient and noble family have flourished from the first conquest of this country by the English who were afterwards advanced to the honour of Barons o Now Earl of Tyrone Curraghmore Upon the bank of the river Suire stands Waterford ââterford the chief City of this County Of which thus old Necham Suirius insignem gaudet ditare Waterford Aequoreis undis associatur ibi Thee Waterford Suir 's streams with wealth supply Hasting to pay their tribute to the sea This City which the Irish and Britains call Porthlargy the English Waterford was first built by certain Pirats of Norway Though 't is situated in a thick air and on a barren soil and close built yet by reason of the convenience of the haven p It was once but now Cork may claim that honour 't is the second City in Ireland for wealth and populousness and has ever continued q It s motto was Intacta manet Waterfordia But in the course of the Irish rebellion begun An. 1641. by means of the Popish Clergy it became exceeding faulty Now that the English Inhabitants daily encrease we may expect it will recover its former reputation particularly loyal and obedient to the Crown of England For since it was first taken by Richard Earl of Pembroke it has been so faithful and quiet that in our Conquest of Ireland it has always secur'd us from any attempts on this side Upon this account the Kings of England have endowed it with many and those considerable privileges which were enlarged and confirmed by Henry 7. for behaving themselves with great valour and conduct against Perkin Warbeck a sham-Prince who being but a young fellow of mean extraction had the impudence to aim at the Imperal Diadem by pretending to be Richard Duke of York the second son of King Edward 4. King Henry 6. gave the County of Waterford ãâã of ââterford together with the City to John Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury in words which so clearly set forth the bravery of that warlike man that I cannot but think it worth the while and perhaps some others may think it so too to transcribe them from the Record We therefore says the King after a great deal more wherein one sees the defect both of the Latin and eloquence of the Secretaries of that age in consideration of the valour of our most dear and faithful Cousen John Earl of Shrewsbury and Weysford Lord Talbot of Furnival and Lestrange sufficiently shewn and proved in the wars aforesaid even to his old age not only by the sweat of his body but many times by the loss of his blood and considering how our County and City of Waterford in our Kingdom of Ireland with the Castle Seigniory Honour Lands and Barony of Dungarvan and all the Lordships Lands Honours and Baronies and their appurtenances within the same County which by forfeiture of rebels by reversion or decease of any person or persons by escheat or any other title of law ought to vest in Us or our progenitors which by reason of invasions or insurrections in these parts are become so desolate and as they lye exposed to the spoils of war so entirely wasted that they are of no profit to us but have done and now do many times redound to our loss and charge and also that the said lands may hereafter be better defended against the attempts and incursions of enemies or rebels do ordain and create him Earl of Waterford with the stile title name and honour thereunto belonging And that all things may correspond with his state and greatness we hereby of our special grace certain knowledge and free motion that the Grandeur of the Earl may be supported more honourably do give grant and by these presents confirm unto the said Earl the County aforesaid together with the aforesaid title stile name and honour of Earl of Waterford and the city of Waterford aforesaid with the fee-farm castles lordships honours lands baronies and all other appurtenances within the County as also all mannors hundreds wapentakes c. along the sea-coast from the town of Yoghall to the city of Waterford aforesaid To have and to hold the said County of Waterford the stile title name and honour of Earl of Waterford and likewise the city of Waterford aforesaid with the castle seigniory honour land and barony of Dungarvan and all other lordships honours lands and Baronies within the said County and also all the aforesaid mannors hundreds c. to the abovesaid Earl and to the heirs males of his body begotten to hold of us and our heirs by homage fealty and the service of being our Seneschal and that he and his heirs be Seneschals of Ireland Seneschal of Ireland to us and our heirs throughout our whole land of Ireland to do and that he do and ought himself to do in the said office that which his predecessors Seneschals of England were wont formerly to do for us in that office In witness whereof c. However while the Kings of England and their Nobility who had large possessions in Ireland were either took up with foreign wars in France or civil dissentions at home Ireland was quite neglected so that the English interest began to decay r See the Statute of Absentees in the County of Caterlogh and the power of the Irish grew formidable by reason of their absence and then it was enacted to recover their interest and to suppress this growth of the Irish strength that the Earl of Shrewsbury for his absence and carelesness should surrender the Town and County of Waterford to the King and his successors and likewise that the Duke of Norfolk the Baron Barkley Ann. 28. H. 8 the Heirs Female of the Earl of Ormond and all the Abbots Priors c. of England who held any lands there should surrender them to the King and his successors for the same faults The County of LIMERICK THus far we have surveyed the maritime counties of Mounster two remain that are inland Limerick and Tipperary which we are now come to The County of Limerick lies behind that of Cork Northward between Kerry the river Shanon and the county of Tipperary fruitful and well inhabited but it has few remarkable towns The West part of it is called Conilagh Conilagh where among the hills Knock-Patrick Knock-Patrick that is St. Patrick's hill is most eminent for its height from the top whereof one has a pleasant prospect into the sea and along the river Shanon which at a great distance falls from a wide mouth into the Vergivian Ocean At the bottom of this hill the Fitz-Giralds liv'd for a long time in great honour Knight of the Vally Qu. Elâz An. 11. till Thomas call'd the Knight of the Valley or de Glin when his graceless son was put to death for Arsony for 't is treason by the laws of Ireland to set villages and houses a fire was also found an Accessary and had his estate
of S. Patrick l. 2. rerum Anglicarum cap 26. and well supplied with fish from the river as it runs into the sea here famous for trade and for those sweet plains oaky woods and fine parks so entertaining about it Thus also William of Newborow Divelin a maritime City is the metropolis of Ireland it enjoys the benefit of a famous harbor and for trade and concourse of merchants rivals London It s situation is particularly pleasant and wholsome having hills on the south plains on the west and sea just the by it on the east and and the river Liffy on the north where ships ride safely Upon the river there are Kaies as we call them or certain works made to break the violence of the water For Caiare among the ancients signified to restrain Ad Auson lib. â c. 22. check or hinder as the most learned Scaliger has observed Here the City wall well built of free stone begins fortified on the south with rampiers it has six gates which open into large suburbs on all sides The access on the south is by Dammes-gate near which stands the King's castle upon a rising well fortified with ditches and towers and provided with a good Arsenal built by Henry Loundres the Archbishop about the year 1220. In that suburb on the east side near St. Andrew's Church Henry the second King of England as Hoveden says caused a royal palace 22 Or rather banqueting-house to be built of smooth wattles very curious after the manner of this Country and here with the Kings and Princes of Ireland he kept a Chrstmas-day in great solemnity Over against it stands a fine College on the same spot where Alhallows Allhallows Monastery heretofore stood dedicated to the Indivisible and Holy Trinity endow'd with the privileges of an University by Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory Univârsity b gun and foundâd in 1591 May 13. S ud n s âdmiâted in the year 1593. for the education of youth and lately furnished with a good Library which gives no small hopes that Religion and Learning will after a long exile return to Ireland formerly the seat of the Muses to which foreigners resorted as to the great Mart of liberal arts and sciences 1320. L. MS. of Baron Houth In the reign of Edward the second Alexander Bicknor Archbishop of Dublin having obtained from the Pope the privileges of an University for this place and instituted publick Lectures first began to recall them but this laudable design was broken by the turbulent times that followed The north gate opens towards the bridge which is arched and built of * F. vivo Saxo. free stone by King John who joyned Oustman-town to the City For here the Oustmanni which Giraldus says came from Norway and those Northern Islands setled according to our Histories about the year 1050. In this suburbs stood formerly the famous Church of S. Mary de Oustmanby for so 't is call'd in King John's Charter and also a House of Black Friers whither the King's Courts of Judicature were lately transferr'd On the west part of Dublin there are two gates Ormonds-gate and Newgate which is the common Gaol both leading to the longest suburb of this City named St. Thomas where stands also a noble Abbey of the same name called Thomas Court Thomas Court founded and endowed with large revenues by King Henry the second to expiate for the death of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury On the south we enter by S. Paul's gate and that call'd S. Nicholas opening into S. Patrick's suburb where stands the Palace of the Archbishop known by the name of S. Sepulcher with a stately Church dedicated to S. Patrick very fine within for its stone pavements and arch'd roof and without for its high steeple 'T is uncertain when this Church was first built but that Gregory King of Scots about the year 890 came in pilgrimage to it is plain from the Scotch history Afterwards it was much enlarged by King John and made a Church of Prebends by John Comy Archbishop of Dublin which was confirmed by Coelestine the third Bishop of Rome in the year 1191. After that again Henry Loundres his successor in this See of Dublin augmented the dignities of the Parsonages Pârsonatuum as the words of the founder are and made it conformable to the immunities orders and customs of the Church of Salisbury At present it consists of a Dean a Chanter a Chancellor a Treasurer two Archdeacons and twenty two Prebendaries Stat. Parl. 18 Hen. 8. c. 15. the only light and lamp not to conceal a very noble Character which a Parliament of this Kingdom gave it of all pious and Ecclesiastical discipline and order in Ireland Here is also another Cathedral Church in the very heart of the City dedicated to the Holy Trinity but commonly call'd Christ's Temple Concerning it's foundation we have this passage in the Archives of that Church Sitric King of Dublin son of Ableb Count of Dublin gave a piece of ground to the Holy Trinity and to Donatus the first Bishop of Dublin to build a Church on in honour of the Holy Trinity and not only that but gold and silver also sufficient for that design and to finish the whole * Curââ Church-yard This was done about the year 1012 at which time Lancarvanensis affirms that Sitric son of Abloie so he calls him flourished The work was begun by Donatus but carry'd on and finish'd by Laurence Archbishop of Dublin Richard Strongbow Earl of Pembroke commonly call'd Comes Striguliae whose tomb repair'd by 23 Sir Henry Henry Sidney Lord Deputy is to be seen here Robert Fitz-Stephens and Reimond Fitz-Girald On the south side of the Church stands the Town-hall built of square stone and call'd Tolestale Tolâstalâ where Causes are try'd before the Mayor and where sessions and publick meeting of the Citizens are often held The City enjoys many privileges Formerly it was govern'd in chief by a Provost but in the year 1409 King Henry the fourth gave them the privilege of choosing every year a Mayor with two Bailiffs and of carrying a guilt sword before him Afterward King Edward the sixth changed these Bailiffs into Sheriffs There is nothing wanting to the grandeur and happiness of this City but the removal of those heaps of sand that by the flux and reflux of the sea are wash'd up into the mouth of the river Liffy and hinder great ships from coming up but at high water Thus much for Dublin the account whereof I confess to be mostly owing to the diligence and knowledge of James Usher Chancellor of S. Patricks whose variety of Learning and soundness of Judgment are infinitely beyond his years As for Robert Vere earl of Oxford whom Richard the second who was profuse in bestowing titles of honour made Marquiss of Dublin Maâqââââ of Dubâââ and afterwards Duke of Ireland I have took notice of him before and need not report it here
any expence or writing by certain judges whom they choose among themselves and call Deemsters Deemsters For the Magistrate taketh up a stone and after he has mark'd it gives it to the plaintiff by virtue whereof he summons in his witnesses and the defendant If the case is difficult and of great consequence it is referred to the hearing of twelve men whom they call the Keys of the Island Keys of the Island Annos They have also certain Coroners these they call Annos who are instead of Sheriffs and execute their office As for the Ecclesiastical Judge he hears and determines all causes within eight days from the citation and the party must either stand to his sentence or go to gaol As their language is peculiar so likewise are their laws and money as I have heard which are both signs of a distinct soveraignty The Ecclesiastical laws in force here next after the Canon law come nearest to the civil Neither the Judge nor the Clerks of the Court have any fees either for the process or instruments As for those mischievous effects of witchcraft of which English writers tell us there 's nothing in it The richer sort and those that have estates imitate the gentry of Lancashire in splendid living and integrity The women never stir abroad but with their winding sheets about them to put them in mind of mortality If a woman be tried and receives sentence of death she is sow'd up in a sack and thrown from a rock into the sea Stealing and begging from door to door is universally detested The people are wonderful religious and all of them zealously conformable to the Church of England They are likewise great enemies to the disorders as well Civil as Ecclesiastical of their neighbour Countreys And whereas the whole Isle is divided into two parts south and north the Inhabitants of this speak like the Scots and those of the other like the Irish If I should here subjoin a short history of the affairs of this Island it would be worth my while and truth it self seems to challenge it that hereby I may preserve the memory of such actions as are if not already buried in oblivion yet next door to it That this Island as well as Britain was possessed by the Britains is granted on all sides But when the northern nations broke in like a violent tempest upon these southern parts it became subject to the Scots In the time of Honorius and Arcadius Orosius says that it was as much inhabited by the Scots as Ireland was * By others Built and Ninius tells us of one Binle a certain Scot that held it Yet the same author observes that they were driven out of Britain and the Isles belonging to it by Cuneda the Grandfather of Maglocunas who from the cruel ravages he made in this Island is call'd the Dragon of the Isles by Gildas Afterwards this Island and likewise Anglesey aforesaid was subjected to the English Monarchy by Edwin King of the Northumbrians if we suppose them both to be signified by the word Menaviae as Writers would have us think At this time it was reputed a British Island At last when the north overswarming a second time sent out another Brood of Normans Danes and Norwegians to seek their fortune in the world the Norwegians who most sadly infested this sea by their piracies possessed themselves of this Island and the Hebrides and set up petty Princes over them of whom I will here add this Historical Account as it is word for word in an old Manuscript lest it should perish by some unlucky accident The title it bears is Chronicon Manniae i.e. A Chronicle of Man It seems to have been written by the Monks of Russin-Abbey the most eminent Monastery that was in this Island A CHRONICLE of the KINGS of MAN IN the year of our Lord 1065. died Edward King of England of pious memory to whom Harold son of Godwin succeeded Harold Harfager King of Norway rais'd war against him and was so beaten at a battle at Stainfordbridge that his men ran away In this flight one Godred sirnamed Crovan the son of Harold the black escaping out of Iseland came to Godred the son of Syrric King of Man at that time and was honourably entertained by him The same year William the Bastard conquered England and Godred the son of Syrric King of Man died and was succeeded by his son Fingall An. 1066. Godred Crovan got a numerous fleet together and arrived at Man where he fought with the inhabitants but was overcome and put to flight Having rallied his forces and his fleet he landed again at Man fought the inhabitants and was routed by them Having rais'd a great army the third time he came by night to the port called Ramsa and laid an ambuscade of three hundred men in a wood upon the hollow brow of a hill call'd Scacafel As soon as the sun was up the inhabitants drew themselves up in battalia and fell upon Godred with great violence When both parties were close engaged the three hundred men that lay in ambush behind came out to the assistance of their Countrymen and put the Islanders to flight When they saw themselves overcome and no place to retreat to for the tide was in so that there was no passing the river Ramsa and the enemy was at their heels pursuing them in a moanful manner they petitioned Godred to spare their lives Godred being moved with compassion at the calamitous condition of a people among whom he had himself been brought up for some time recall'd his army and hindred them from making any farther pursuit The next day Godred gave his army their choice whether they would divide the lands of the Isle among them and live there or seise upon the wealth and substance of the Country and return home with it But his army was rather for spoiling the Island and enriching themselves with the goods of it and so for departing However Godred himself with some of the Islanders that stayed with him settled in the south part of the Island and granted the north part to the remains of the natives upon condition that none of them should ever presume to claim any part of it as their inheritance Hence to this very day the whole Island is the King 's and all the rents that arise in it belong to him Godred then reduced Dublin and a great part of Laynestir As for the Scots he brought them to such subjection that if any of them built a ship or a boat they durst not drive * Plus quam tres clavos inscrere above 3 nails in it He reigned sixteen years and died in the Island call'd Yle leaving three sons Lagman Harald and Olave Lagman being eldest seised upon the Kingdom and reigned seven years His brother Harald continued a long time in rebellion against him but being at last taken he had his privy members cut off and his eyes put out Afterwards Lagman
grew so concerned for blinding his brother that he renounced the Kingdom and with the sign of the cross went in pilgrimage to Jerusalem where he died 1089. As soon as the Nobility of the Island receiv'd the news of Lagman's death they dispatched their Ambassadors to Murecard O-Brien King of Ireland desiring that he would send them some diligent man or other of Royal extraction to rule over them during the minority of Olave the son of Godred The King readily consented and sent one Dopnald the son of Tade with orders and instructions to govern the Kingdom though it belonged not to him with modesty and tenderness But as soon as he was advanced to the throne without any farther heed to the commands his Lord had laid on him he grew grievous to the people by his tyranny and and reigned three years with great cruelty and outrage The Nobility being then no longer able to endure this oppression conspir'd rose up in arms and banish'd him Upon that he fled into Ireland and never returned 1097. One Ingemund was sent by the King of Norway to get the soveraignty of these Islands When he came to the Isle Leod he sent to all the great men of the Islands commanding them to assemble and make him King In the mean while he with his companions did nothing but spoil feast ravish women and virgins giving himself wholly up to such beastly lusts and pleasures As soon as the great men of the Islands were acquainted with these proceedings being now assembled to make him King they were so enraged that they went in all haste towards him and coming to his house in the night set it on fire so that he and his whole retinue were either destroyed by the fire or by the sword An. 1098. was founded the Abby of S. Mary at Cistercium Antioch was taken by the Christians and a Comet appeared The same year was fought a battle between the Inhabitants of the Isle of Man at Santwat those of the north-side got the victory In this engagement were slain Earl Other and Macmaras the two Leaders This same year Magnus King of Norway the son of Olave son of Harald Harfager out of curiosity to know whether the Corps of St. Olave King and Martyr remained uncorrupt commanded his tomb to be open'd This order being opposed by the Bishop and his Clergy the King himself came in person and had it open'd by force And when with the sense of his own eyes and hands he found the body sound and unputrified he fell into great fear and went away in all haste The next night the King and Martyr appear'd to him saying Take thy choice of these two offers either to lose thy life and Kingdom within 30 days or to leave Norway and be content never to see it more As soon as the King awaken'd he called his Nobles and the Elders of his people together and told them what vision he had seen Being frighted at it they gave him this Council That with all haste he should depart from Norway Upon this he prepared a fleet of an hundred and sixty ships and set sail for the Orcades which he soon conquer'd from whence he went on with success and victory through all the Islands till he came to that of Man Being landed there he went to St. Patrick's Isle to see the place where the Islanders had been engaged a little before for many of the dead bodies were as yet unburied This fine Island pleased him so well that he resolved to seat himself in it and to that end built forts and strong holds which retain his name to this day Those of Gallway were so much over-awed by him that at his order they cut down wood and brought it to the shore for him to make his Bulworks withal Next he sailed to Monia an Island of Wales where he found two Hughs both Earls one of them he slew Monia for Anglesey v. Girald Cambrensem in Itinerario Cambria the other he put to flight and conquer'd the Island The Welsh men made many Presents to him so taking his leave of them he returned to Man To Maricard King of Ireland he sent his shoes commanding him to carry them upon his shoulders thro' the middle of his house on Christmas day in sight of his Messengers to signifie his subjection to King Magnus The Irish received this news with great wrath and indignation But the King more advisedly said That he would not only carry but also eat his shoes rather than King Magnus should destroy one Province in Ireland So he complied with this order and honourably entertained his Messengers and sent them back with many presents to him and made a league with him Being returned they gave their Master an account of Ireland describing its situation and pleasantness its fruitfulness and the excellence of its air Magnus hearing this begun to turn his thoughts wholly upon the Conquest of that Count try For this end he gave orders to fit out a good fleet and went before with sixteen ships to take a view of the Country but as he unwarily left his ship he was beset by the Irish and cut off with most of those that were with him His body was buried near St. Patrick's Church in Down He reigned six years After his death the Noblemen of the Island sent for Olave the son of Godred sirnamed Crovan who lived in the Court of Henry King of England the son of King William 1102. Olave the son of Godred Crovan began his reign which continued 40 years He was a peaceable Prince and in league with all the Kings of Ireland and Scotland His wife was Africa the daughter of Fergâse of Gallway by whom he had Godred By his Concubines he had also Regnald Lagman and Harald besides many daughters one of whom was married to Summerled Prince of * Argiâe Herergaidel to whom the Kingdom of the Isles owe their ruine By her he had four sons Dungall Raignald Engus and Olave 1133. The Sun was so eclipsed on the fourth of the Nones of August that the day was as dark as the night 1134. Olave gave to Yvo Abbot of Furnes part of his lands in Man towards building an Abby in a place called Russin He enricht the estate of the Church with Islands and Revenues and endowed it with great liberties 1142. Godred the son of Olave sailed over to the King of Norway who was called Hinge and did him homage he staid there some time and was honourably received This same year the three sons of Harald the brother of Olave who were bred at Dublin came to Man with a great multitude of men and such as the King had banished demanding one half of the Kingdom of the Isles for their share The King being willing to please them answered That he would take the advice of a Council about it Having agreed upon the time and place for their meeting these base villains began to plot against the King's life At the
petty Kings or Princes therein The possession of this Island did without any interruption continue in the name and family of the Stanleys for 246 years the Grant thereof together with the Patronage of the Bishoprick having been given by Henry the fourth by Letters Patents to Sir John Stanley and his Heirs in the year 1403. And during our late Civil Wars in the year 1649. the Lord Fairfax Captain General of the Parliament's Forces obtained a Grant of the said Island from the Parliament of England the then Earl of Derby's estate being confiscate for bearing Arms for the King against the Parliament and himself beheaded at Bolton But it was afterwards restored to the Family of Derby who are the present Lords of that Island The supream and principal Officers in this Island The prinââpal Officers in the ââand are only five in number and they constitute the Lord's Privy Council They are the Governour of the Island the two Deemsters the Controller and the Receiver General They all of them hold their Offices durante bene placito and are obliged to be constantly resident in Castletown that they may be ready to advise and consult with the Lord upon any emergent occasion The Governour has the whole command of the Island under the Lord. The Deemsters are their Judges both in civil and criminal Cases They are always chosen out of the Natives by the Lord it being necessary they should understand and speak the Manks Language that they may give sentences in Courts and understand the Pleadings of the Plaintiffs and Defendants before them They are only two in number and divide the Island betwixt them the one having jurisdiction over the North part the other over the South The Controller's Office is to call the Receiver General to an account once every Quarter he is also Clerk of the Rolls and has the Pension belonging thereto The Receiver General is by his place to receive all the Rents due to the Lord of the Island from the inferiour Collectors To these are subordinate some other Officers The subordinate Officers as the 24 Keys of the Island a Water-Bailiff the Lord's Attorney-General the Coroners and the Moors The Water-Bailiff is as it were Admiral of the Island his office is to seize on all wrecks at sea for the Lord's use and to take care of all business relating to the Herring-Fishing The Attorney-General is to plead all the Causes in which the Lord of the Island is concerned and all the Causes of Widows and Infants The Keys of the Island are so called because they are to lay open and discover the true antient Laws and Customs of the Island They are chosen by the Lord himself out of the natives and though they together with the Deemsters hold their Offices but durante bene-placito yet are they seldom turned out during their lives They are always assisting to the Deemsters in the determining of Cases of great difficulty and from the Sentence of these there is commonly no Appeal No new Law can be made or Custom introduced or abolished but by the consent of the Deemsters and the 24 Keys of the Island These Keys write down all the Customs and Statutes of the Island for the help of their memory that thoy may be the better enabled to give Sentence when called to consult of any of these matters As to the number of the Keys Mr. Camden has been misinformed for he says they are only 12. whereas they are 24 in number 'T is true that since the time of the antient Orrys they have not been constantly this number that depending on the pleasure of the Lord of the Island but there is no ground to believe they were ever so few as twelve and they have been for the most part 24. The Coroners or Crowners in Man who in the Manks language are called Annos are the same as our Sheriff's in England and each of them has under him another Officer who is as it were Under-Sheriff and is called a Lockman The number of the Coroners is according to the number of the Sheedings which are six every Sheeding hath its Coroner The Moors are the Lord's Bailiffs to gather up his Rents in that Sheeding where they reside and to pay the same to the Receiver General It is customary in this Island Some peculiar customs of this Island and that from all antiquity that some of the Clergy be present and assist at the Court of Gaol-delivery the Bishop himself being present there when in the Island The Evidence against Delinquents is first to be taken by spiritual Officers and by them testified to the temporal Court But they are obliged to remove when any Sentence of death is to be pronounced No person guilty of Man-slaughter is allowed the Benefit of Clergy nor can be saved but by the Lord of the Island 's Pardon No Execution of any Malefactor is to be in the Passion-week No Merchant can transport money out of the Island without Licence neither without Licence can any Native go out of the Island If any one do force or ravish a woman if she be married he is to suffer death but if a maid or single-woman the Deemster gives her a Rope a Sword and a Ring and she has it put in her choice either to hang him with the rope or to cut off his head with the sword or to marry him with the ring In former times Women-Malefactors were to be put in a sack and sowed up and so flung from a rock into the sea as Mr. Camden says but now the women are hanged as the men only Witches are burnt If any man have a child by a woman and within two years after marries the woman the child is legitimated by the customary Laws If a woman bring forth a dead child the child is not to be buried in the Church-yard except the Mother take her oath that she has received the Sacrament since the quickening of the child All the Swine of what age soever belonging to Felons are the Lord's and all their Goats do belong to the Queen of Man No Act of Parliament made in England doth bind the King's Subjects in the Isle of Man unless the said Island be therein expresly named The Isle of Man being within the Fee of the King of England the Manksmen are adjudged to be the King 's natural Subjects born and are capable of inheriting Lands in England Thâir Relig on The Religion professed in this Island is exactly the same with the Church of England The Manksmen are generally very respectful to their Clergy and pay their Tithes without the least grudging They own St. Patrick for their Apostle and hold him in greatest veneration Next to him they honour the memory of St. Maughald one of their Bishops whose Feast they never fail to celebrate twice a year The Bible was translated into the Manks tongue by Dr. Philips Bishop of Man but by reason of his death it never came to the Press so
and many Christians cut off MCLXXXVII On the Kalends or first of July the Abby of Ynes in Ulster was founded MCLXXXIX Henry Fitz Empress departed this life was succeeded by his son Richard and buried in Font Evrard This same year was founded the Abby De Colle Victoriae i.e. Cnokmoy MCXC. King Richard and King Philip made a Voyage to the Holy Land MCXCI. In the Monastery of Clareval the translation of Malachy Bishop of Armagh was celebrated with great solemnity MCXCII The City of Dublin was burnt MCXCIII Richard King of England in his return from the Holy Land was taken Prisoner by the Duke of Austria and paid to the Emperor 100000 Marks for Ransom besides 30000 to the Empress and 20000 to the Duke upon an Obligation he had made to them for Henry Duke of Saxony He was detain'd in Prison by the Emperor a year six months and three days all the Chalices in a manner throughout England were sold to raise this Sum. This year was founded the Abby De Jugo Dei. MCXCIV The Reliques of S. Malachy Bishop of Clareval were brought into Ireland and receiv'd with great honour into the Monastery of Millifont and other Monasteries of the Cistercians MCXCV. Matthew Archbishop of Cassil Legat of Ireland and John Archbishop of Dublin got the Corps of Hugh Lacy that conquered Meth from the Irish and interr'd them with great solemnity in the Monastery of Blessedness or Becty but the Head of the said Hugh was laid in S. Thomas 's Monastery in Dublin MCXCVIII The Order of the Friers Predicants was begun about Tolouse founded by Dominick II. MCXCIX Died Richard King of England succeeded by his Brother John who was Lord of Ireland and Earl of Moriton Arthur the lawful Heir Son of Geffrey his whole Brother was slain by him The death of Richard was after this manner When King Richard besieg'd the Castle of Chaluz in Little Bretagn he receiv'd his mortal Wound by an Arrow shot at him by one of those in the Castle nam'd Bertram de Gourdon As soon as the King found there was no hopes of Life he committed his Kingdom of England and all his other Possessions to the Custody of his Brother All his Jewels and the fourth part of his Treasure he bequeath'd to his Nephew Otho Another fourth part of his Treasure he left to be distributed among his Servants and the poor People When Bertram was taken and brought before the King he ask'd him for what harm he had kill'd him Bertram without any fear told him That he had kill'd his Father and two of his Brethren with his own Hand and then intended to do the same with him That he might take what Revenge he pleas'd but he should not care since he was to die too that had done so much mischief in the World Notwithstanding the King pardon'd him and order'd him to be set at liberty and to have a 100 Shillings Sterling given him Yet after the King's death some of the King's Officers flea'd him and hung him up The King died on the eighteenth of the Ides of April which happen'd to be the fourth * Feria day before Palm-sunday and the eleventh day after he was wounded He was buried at Font Eberard at the feet of his Father A certain Versificator writ this Distich upon his death Istius in morte perimit Formica Leonem Proh dolor in tanto funere mundus obit An Ant a Lyon slew when Richard fell And his must be the World 's great Funeral His Corps were divided into three Parts Whence this of another Viscera Carceolum Corpus Fons servat Ebrardi Et cor Rothomagum magne Richarde tuum Great Richard's Body 's at Fontevrault shown His Bowels at Chalons his Head at Roan After the death of King Richard his Brother John was begirt by the Archbishop of Roan with the Sword of the Dukedom of Normandy upon the 7th of the Kalends of May next following The Archbishop also set a Crown adorn'd with golden Roses upon his Head Afterwards upon the 6th of the Kalends of June he was anointed and crown'd King of England in S. Peter's Church Westminster upon Ascension-day attended with all the Nobility of England Afterwards he was summon'd to Parliament in France to answer for the death of his Nephew Arthur and depriv'd of Normandy because he came not accordingly This same Year was founded the Abby of Commerer MCC Cathol Cronerg King of Conaught founder of the Abby De Colle Victoriae was expell'd Conaught This year the Monastery De Voto was founded that is to say Tyntern Monastery by William Marshall Earl Marshal and Pembroch who was Lord of Leinster viz. of Wrisford Ossory Caterlagh and Kildare in right of his Wife who married the daughter of Richard Earl of Stroghul and of Eve the daughter of Dermic Murcard This William Earl Marshal being in great danger of Shipwreck a night and a day made a Vow That if he escap'd and came to Land he would found a Monastery and dedicate it to Christ and his Mother Mary So as soon as he arriv'd at Weysford he founded this Monastery of Tynterne according to his Vow and it is nam'd De Voto This year also was founded the Monastery de Flumine Dei MCCII. Cathol Cronirg or Crorobdyr King of Conaught was restor'd to his Kingdom The same year was founded the house of Canons of S. Marie of Connal by Sir Meiler Fitz-Henry MCCIII The Abby of S. Saviour i.e. Dawisky which was before founded was this Year and the next following finish'd MCCIV. A Battle was fought between John Courcy first Earl of Ulster and Hugh Lacie at Doune with great slaughter on both sides Yet John Curcy had the Victory Afterwards upon the 6th day of the Week being Good Friday as the said John was unarm'd and going in Pilgrimage barefoot and in a linnen Vestment to the Churches after the common manner he was treacherously taken Prisoner by his own People for a sum of Mony part in hand and part promis'd to be paid afterwards and so he was deliver'd to Hugh Lacy who brought him to the King of England and receiv'd the Earldom of Ulster and the Seigniory of Connaught upon that account both belonging to John Curcy Hugh Lacy now being made Earl rewarded the said Traytors with Gold and Silver some more some less but hung them up as soon as he had done and took away all their Goods by these means Hugh Lacy ruleth in Ulster and John Curcie is condemn'd to perpetual Imprisonment for his former Rebellion against King John refusing to do him homage and accusing him for the death of Arthur the lawful and right Heir to the Crown While the Earl was in Prison and in great Poverty having but a small allowance of Provisions and the same mean and course he expostulated with God why he dealt thus with him who had built and repair'd so many Monasteries for him and his Saints After many Expostulations of this kind he fell asleep and the Holy
Trinity appear'd to him saying Why hast thou cast me out of my own Seat and out of the Church of Doun and plac'd there my S. Patrick the Patron of Ireland For John Curcy had expell'd the Secular Canons out of the Cathedral Church of Doun and introduc'd the black Monks of Chester in their room And the Holy Trinity stood there upon a stately Shrine and John himself took it down out of the Church and order'd a Chappel to be built for it setting up the Image of S. Patrick in the great Church which displeas'd the most-high God Wherefore he bid him assure himself he should never set foot in his Seignory again However in regard of other good Deeds he should be deliver'd out of Prison with Honour which happen'd accordingly For a Controversy arising between John King of England and the King of France about a Lordship and certain Castles the King of France offer'd by a Champion to try his Right Upon this the King call'd to mind his valiant Knight John Curcy whom he cast in Prison upon the information of others so he sent for him and ask'd him if he were able to serve him in this Combat John answer'd He would not fight for him but for the Right of the Kingdom with all his Heart which he undertook to do afterwards And so refresh'd himself with Meat Drink and Bathing in the mean while and recover'd his Strength Whereupon a day was appointed for the Engagement of those Champions namely John Curcy and the other But as soon as the Champion of France heard of his great Stomach and mighty Valour he refus'd the Combat and the said Seignory was given to the King of England The King of France then desired to see a Blow of the said Curcy Whereupon he set a strong Helmet * Plenan loricis full of Mail upon a large Block and with his Sword after he had look'd about him in a grim manner struck the Helmet through from the very Crest into the Block so very fast that no one therâ was able to pull it out till he himself at the request of the twâ Kings did it easily Then they ask'd him Why he look'd so gruâ behind him before he struck So he told them If he had fail'd iâ giving it he would have certainly cut them all off as well Kingâ as others The Kings made him large Presents and the King of Englanâ restor'd him also to his Seigniory viz. Ulster John Curcy attempteâ 15 several times to sail over into Ireland but was always in danger and the Wind cross'd him so he waited awhile among the Monk of Chester and at last sail'd into France and there died MCCV. The Abby of Wetheny in the County of Limerick was founded by Theobald the Son of Walter Butler Lord oâ Carryk MCCVI. The Order of Friars Minors was begun near the Ciââ Assisa by S. Francis MCCVIII William de Brewes was banish'd out of England anâ came into Ireland England was interdicted for the Tyranny ãâã King John A great defeat and slaughter was given at Thurles iâ Munster by Sir Geffery Mareys to the Lord Chief Justice of Inland's Men. MCCX John King of England came to Ireland with a greââ Fleet and a strong Army and the Sons of Hugh Lacy viz. thâ Lord Walter Lord of Meth and Hugh his Brother for their Târanny but particularly for the Murder of Sir John Courson Loââ of Rathenny and Kilbarrock for they had heard that the saââ John accus'd them to the King were driven out of the Nation So they fled into France and serv'd in the Monasteries of S. Taurââ unknown being employ'd in Clay or Brick-work and sometimââ in Gardens as Gardeners But at length they were discover'd bâ the Abbot who intreated the King on their behalf for he haâ baptiz'd their Sons and had been as a Father to them in manâ things So Walter Lacy paid two thousand fâve hundred Markâ and Hugh Lacy a great Sum of Mony likewise for their Ransom and they were restor'd again to their former Degree and Lordshiâ by the Abbot's Intercession Walter Lacy brought with him Johâ the son of Alured i.e. Fitz-Acory Son to the aforesaid Abboâ whole Brother and Knighted him giving him the Seignory ãâã Dengle and many others Moreover he brought Monks with hiâ out of the said Monastery and bestow'd many Farms upon theâ with the Cell call'd Foury for their Charity Liberality and gooâ Counsel Hugh Lacy Earl of Ulster built a Cell also for tââ Monks in Ulster and endow'd it in a place call'd John King ãâã England having taken many Hostages as well of the English as ãâã the Irish and hang'd a number of Malefactors upon Gibbets aââ setled Affairs return'd into England the same Year MCCXI. Sir Richard Tuyt was crush'd to death by the fall of Tower at Alone He founded the Monastery de Grenard MCCXII The Abby of Grenard was founded This saââ year died John Comyn Archbishop of Dublin and was burieâ within the Quire of Trinity Church he built S. Patrick's Churââ at Dublin Henry Londres succeeded him sirnam'd Scorch-Villeyâ from an Action of his For having call'd in his Tenants one daâ to know by what Tenure they held of him they show'd him the Deeds and Charters to satisfie him whereupon he order'd them to be burnt and hence got the name of Scorch-Villeyn given him by his Tenants This Henry Archbishop of Dublin was Justiciary of Ireland and built Dublin-castle MCCXIII William Petit and Peter Messet departed this life Peter Messet was Baron of Luyn hard by Trim but dying without Heir-male the Inheritance fell to the three Daughters of whom the Lord Vernail married the eldest Talbot the second and Loundres the third who by this means shar'd the Inheritance among them MCCXIX The City of Damieta was miraculously won on the Nones of September about Midnight without the loss of one Christian The same year died William Marshall the Elder Earl Marshal and Earl of Pembrock * The Genealogy âf the Earl Marshall who by his Wife the Daughter of Richard Strongbow Earl of Strogul had five Sons The eldest was call'd William the second Walter the third Gilbert the fourth Anselm and the fifth Richard who lost his Life in âhe War of Kildare every one of them successively enjoy'd the ânheritance of their Father and died all without Issue So the Inâeritance devolv'd upon the Sisters namely the Daughters of their Father who were Maud Marshall the Eldest Isabel Clare the seâond Eva Breous the third Joan Mount Chensey the fourth and Sibill Countess of Firrars the fifth Maud Marshall was married to Hugh Bigod Earl of Norfolk who was Earl Marshal of England ân right of his Wife By whom he had Ralph Bigod Father of John Bigod the Son of the Lady Bertha Furnival and * The Widow of Gilbert Lacy. Isabel Lacy Wife to John Lord Fitz-Geffery by whom after the death of Hugh de Bigod Earl of Norfolk she had John de Guaren Earl of Surry
into possession by the King of France upon certain conditions but was detain'd unjustly and treacherously John Archbishop of Dublin and some other great men were sent to the Kinâ in Almain upon this account After they had receiv'd their answer in Tordran the Archbishop return'd into England and died oâ S. Leodegarys day The bones of which John Sampford werâ interr'd in S. Patrick's Church in Dublin on the 10th day beforâ the Kalends of March. The same year there arose a debate between William Lord Vescy then Justiciary of Ireland and the Lord John Fitz Thomas and the said Lord William Vescy went into England and lefâ Sir William de la Hay to officiate as Justiciary But when botâ them were before the King for combat upon an appeel for treason William Vescy fled into France and would not fight Whereupon the King of England gave all the Seigniories that belong'd to him to Sir John Fitz Thomas viz. Kildare Rathemgan and manâ others The same year Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester return'd ouâ of Ireland into England Likewise Richard Earl of Ulster sooâ after S. Nicholas's day was taken prisoner by Sir John Fitz Thomas and kept within the castle of Ley till the feast of S. Gregory Pope but was then set at liberty by the Council of our Lord thâ King in a Parliament at Kilkenny John Fitz Thomas gave aâ his lands for taking him viz. Slygo with other Possessions belonging to him in Conaght Item this year the castle of Kildare was taken but Kildarâ and the Country round it was wasted by the English and the Irish Calvagh burnt all the Rolls and Tallies of the said Earl This yeaâ and the two next following there was much dearth and Pestilencâ throughout Ireland Item William Lord Dooddyngzele was made Justiciary of Irelanâ MCCXCV Edward King of England built the Castle de Beâ Marisco i.e. Beaumaris in Venedocia which is call'd the motheâ of Cambria but commonly Anglesey and enter'd it immediatelâ after Easter subduing the Venedotes i.e. the able men of Anglesey and making them subject to him Soon after this viz. about thâ Feast of S. Margaret Madock at that time Prince elect of Waleâ submitted himself to the King's mercy and was brought to Londoâ by John de Haverings where he was clapt in the Tower to waâ the King's grace and favour This year died William Dooddingzeâ Justiciary of Ireland the day after S. Mary of Egypt Sir Thomas Fitz-Maurice succeeded him Also about the same time thâ Irish in Leinster destroy'd that Province burning the new Castââ with other Villages Item Thomas de Torbevile a seducer oâ the King and betrayer of his Country was drawn through the middle of London lying out at length and guarded with four Toâmentors in Vizards who revil'd him as we went along At lasâ he was gibbeted and deny'd the privilege of Burial having nonâ to attend his Funeral but Kites and Crows This Thomas waâ one of them who in the Siege of the Castle of Rions was takeâ and carry'd to Paris Whereupon he promis'd the Nobility oâ France that he would deliver to them the King of England anâ leaving his two Sons as Pledges came over and told the King oâ England and his Council how narrowly he escap'd out of Prisoâ When he had inform'd himself of the designs of the King anâ state of the Kingdom he sent the whole in writing to the Provoâ of Paris Of which being convicted he was executed iâ the manner aforesaid About the same time the Scoâ having broken the Peace which they had covenanted with oââ Lord King of England made a new league with the King oâ France and conspiring together rose up in Arms against their owâ sovereign Lord and King John Baillol and shut him up in the midland parts of Scotland in a Castle encompass'd with Mountain This was done in pure spight and contempt to the King of England because he had set the said John over them without theââ will and consent The King of England brought another Army ãâã Scotland the Lent following to chastise the Scots for their presumption and arrogance against their own Father and King Sâ John Wogan was made Justiciary of Ireland and the Lord Thomas Fitz-Maurice give place to him This Wogan made a Trucâ for two years between the Earl of Ulster and John Fitz-Thomas and the Geraldines About Christmas-day this year Gilbert Clarâ Earl of Glocester departed this life Item the King of Englanâ sent his Brother Edmund with an Army into Gascoign MCCXCVI The Lord Edward King of England on the thirâ day before the Kalends of April viz. upon Friday that fell oââ then to be Easter-week took Berwick with the slaughter of seveâ thousand Scots and not of above one of the English Knights viâ Sir John of Cornwall and seven Footmen more Shortly after abouâ the 4th of May he enter'd the Castle of Dunbar and took abouâ forty of the Enemy Prisoners who submitted themselves to thâ King's mercy having before defeated the whole Army of the Scots that is to say slain seven hundred Horse with the loss of Footmeâ only on the English side Item upon S. John's-day before Port-latin about 15000 Welchmeâ were sent to invade Scotland by the King's Order At the same timâ the Nobility of Ireland viz. John Wogan Justiciary Richard Bourâ Earl of Ulster Theobald Butler and John Fitz-Thomas witâ others came to assist in this Expedition to Scotland The Kinâ of England also entertain'd them with others of the English Nobility upon the third day before the Ides of May viz. Whitsuâday with a great Feast in the castle of Rokesburgh Item on thâ next Wednesday before S. Barnabas he enter'd the Town of Edinburgh and won the castle before the Feast of S. John Baptist shortly after in the same Summer all the castles in Scotland were surrender'd up to him Item John Balliol King of Scotland came tho' much against his will to the King of England upon the Sunday next after the Translation of S. Thomas the Archbishop attended with many Earls Bishops and Knights and they surrender'd all to the King but their lives and limbs and their Lord John Balliol gave up all his Right and Title in Scotland to the King of England who sent him under a safe guard towards London Item Edmund Brother to the King of England died this year in Gascoign MCCXCVII Our Lord Edward King of England sail'd into Flanders with an Army against the King of France where after much expence and altercation a form of Peace was concluded between them upon condition they should stand to the award and judgment of the Pope From the one side and the other certain Messengers were sent to the Court of Rome but while the King was in Flanders William Walleis according to a general Resolution of the Scots came with a great Army to Strivelin-bridge to engage John Earl of Warren in which Battel many were slain on both sides and many drown'd but however the English were
the Key the Church of the Preaching Friers the Church of the Monks and no small part of the Monastery about the Ides of June namely on the feast of S. Medard Item This year was laid the foundation of the Quire for Friers-Predicants in Dublin by Eustace Lord Pover on the feast of the Virgin S. Agatha Item After the purification the King of France invaded Flanders in person with a brave Army He behav'd himself gallantly in this War and in one Battel had two or three Horses kill'd under him But at last he lost the Cap under his Helmet which the Flemings carried off upon a Spear in derision and in all the great Fairs in Flanders it was hung out at a high Window of some great House or other like the Sign of an Inn or Tavern as the Token of their Victory MCCCV Jordan Comyn and his Accomplices kill'd Moritagh O Conghir King of Offaley and Calwagh his * Germanum whole Brother and certain others in the Court of Sir Peter Bymgeham at Carryck in Carbery Likewise Sir Gilbert Sutton Seneschal of Weisford was slain by the Irish near the Village of Haymond Grace which Haymond fought stoutly in this Skirmish and escap'd by his great Valour Item In Scotland the Lord Robert Brus Earl of Carrick without regard to his Oath of Allegiance to the King of England kill'd Sir John Rede Comyn within the Cloister of the Friers-minors of Dunfrese and soon after got himself crown'd King of Scotland by the hands of two Bishops the one of S. Andrews and the other of Glasco in the Town of Scone to the ruin of himself and many others MCCCVI In Offaley near Geshil-castle a great defeat was given to O Conghor by O Dympcies on the Ides of April O Brene K. of * Tothomoniae Towmond died this year Donald Oge Mac-carthy Donald Ruff King of Desmond A sad overthrow was given to a Party of Piers Brymegham in the Marches of Meth on the fourth day before the Kalends of May. Balimore in Leinster was burnt by the Irish and Henry Calfe slain there at the same time whereupon a War broke out between the English and the Irish in Leinster and a great Army was drawn together from all parts against the Irish Sir Thomas Mandevil a gallant Soldier in this Expedition had a sharp conflict with the Irish near Glenfell wherein he fought bravely till his Horse was slain and won great honour for the saving the lives of several others as well as his own Item Thomas Cantok Chancellour of Ireland was consecrated Bishop of Ymelasen in Trinity-Church at Dublin with great honour the Elders of Ireland were present at this Consecration and there was such great feasting both for the rich and for the poor as had never been known before in Ireland Item Richard Feringes Archbishop of Dublin died on S. Luke's-eve and was succeeded by Master Richard Haverings who held that See almost five years by the Pope's dispensation At last he resign'd his Archbishoprick and was succeeded by John Lech The cause of this resignation as the Archdeacon of Dublin his nephew a man of note hath said was a dream which he had one night wherein he fancied That a certain monster heavier than the whole world stood upright upon his breast and that he renounc'd all the goods he had in this world to be rid of it When he waken'd he began to reflect how this was certainly the Church of Dublin the fruits whereof he had received without taking pains to deserve them Upon this he went to the Lord the Pope as soon as he could with whom he was much in favour and relinquish'd his Archbishoprick For he had as the same Archdeacon averr'd other benefices of greater value than the Archbishoprick itself Item On the feast of Pentecost at London King Edward conferr'd Knighthood upon his son Edward and four hundred more sixty of whom were made by the said Edward of Carnarvan as soon as he was knighted He held his feast in London at the new Temple and his father gave him the Dutchy of Aquitain Item On the feast of S. Potentiana the Bishops of Winchester and Worcester by an order from the Pope excommunicated Robert Brus the pretended King of Scotland and his party for the death of John Rede Comyn This year upon S. Boniface's day Aumar de Valence Earl of Pembroch and Lord Guy Earl cut off many of the Scots and the Lord Robert Brus was defeated near the town of S. Johns This year about the nativity of S. John baptist King Edward went by water from Newark to Lincoln toward Scotland Item This year the Earl of Asceles the Lord Simon Freysell the Countess of Carryck and the pretended Queen of Scotland daughter to the Earl of Ulster were taken Prisoners The Earl of Asceles and the Lord Simon Freysell were torn to peices The Countess remain'd with the King in great honour but the rest died miserably in Scotland Item About the feast of the Purification two brothers of Robert Brus that were both pyrats were taken prisoners with sixteen Scots besides as they landed to plunder the country the two brothers were torn to pieces at Carlile and the rest hanged Item Upon S. Patrick's day Mac Nochi and his two sons were taken prisoners near the New Castle in Ireland by Thomas Sueterby O boni and there Lorran Obons a great robber was beheaded MCCCVII On the third before the kalends of April Murcard Ballagh was beheaded by Sir David Caunton a valiant Knight near Marton and soon after Adam Dan was slain On Philip and Jacob's day Oscheles gave the English a bloody defeat in Connaght Item The castle of Cashill was pull'd down by the rapparies of Offaly and on the eve of the translation of S. Thomas they also burnt the town of Lye and besieg'd the castle but this was soon rais'd by John Fitz-Thomas and Edward Botiller Item This year died King Edward the first and his son Edward succeeded him who buried his father in great state at Westminster with honour and reverence Item Edward the younger married the Lady Isabell the King of France's daughter in S. Mary's church at Bologn and shortly after they were both crown'd in Westminster Abby Item The Templars in foreign parts being condemn'd for heresie as it was reported were apprehended and clapt in prison by the Pope's mandate In England likewise they were all taken the very next day after Epiphany In Ireland also they were taken into custody the day after the Purification MCCCVIII On the second of the ides of April died the Lord Peter de Bermingham a noble champion against the Irish Item On the 4th of the ides of May the castle of Kenin was burnt down and some of the guards slain by William Mac Balthor Cnygnismy Othothiles and his partisans Item On the 6th day before the ides of June the Lord John Wogan Justiciary of Ireland was defeated with his army near Glyndelory In this encounter were slain John
And on Sunday following being the next after the Nativity oâ the blessed Virgin the Lord John Fitz-Thomas died at Laraghbrinâ near Maynoth and was buried among the Friers-minors at Kildarâ He is said to have been made Earl of Kildare a little befoââ his death His son and heir Thomas Fitz-John a very prudeââ Man succeeded him After this we had News that the Castle of Cragfergus was surrender'd to the Scots upon condition the lives of the Garrison-Soldiers should be saved On the day of the exaltation of the holy Cross Conghor was stain together with Mac-keley and fifty Irish by William Lord Burk and Richard Bermingham in Conaught Item On the Monday before All-Souls-day many of the Scots were slain in Ulster by John Loggan Hugh Lord Bisset namely about 100 with double Arms and 200 with single Arms. The slain in all amounted to 300 besides the foot Afterward on the Eve of the Royal S. Edmund there hapned such a Storm of Wind and Rain as threw down many Houses beat down the Bell of trinity-Trinity-church in Dublin and did much mischief both by Sea and Land Item On the Eve of S. Nicholas the Lord Alan Stewart who was taken Prisoner in Ulster by John Loggan and the Lord John Sandale was carried to Dublin-castle This same year there came News from England of a dissention between the King and the Earl of Lancaster That they were for taking one another Prisoners and that the whole Kingdom was embroil'd about it This year also about the feast of Andrew the Apostle the Lord Hugh le Despencer and the Lord Bartholomew de Baldesmere Wigorniensis the Bishop of Worcester and the Bishop of Ely were sent to Rome to negotiate some important Business of the King 's for Scotland who return'd again into England about the feast of the purification of the blessed Mary Item The Lacies came to Dublin after the same feast and shew'd by an Inquisition that the Scots were not brought into Ireland by their means whereupon they were acquitted and had the King's Charter for protection and safety upon taking their Oaths to keep âhe Peace and do their utmost to destroy the Scots Item This year after the feast of Carnis privium the Scots âarch'd privately as far as Slain with 20000 arm'd Men and raâag'd the Country though the Army of Ulster lay just before ââem Afterwards on the Monday before the feast of S. Matthias the âpostle the Earl of Ulster was apprehended in S. Marie's Abby ây the Mayor of Dublin viz. Robert Notyngham and carried to âublin-castle where he was long imprison'd and the Chamber whereââ he was kept burnt and seven of the Earl's Attendants âain The same week in the Vigil of S. Matthias Brus took his âarch towards Dublin at the head of his Army and hearing of the âarl's Imprisonment turn'd off towards Cnok-castle which he enââr'd and therein took the Lord Hugh Tirell with his Wife who âas Baron of it and they were afterwards ransom'd That Night it was agreed by common consent among the Citiâens of Dublin That S. Thomas's-street should be burnt down for âear of the Scots the flames whereof got hold of S. John's-church ând burnt it down likewise with Magdalen-chappel all the Suâurbs of the City and S. Mary's-monastery The Church of S. Paârick was spoil'd by the said Villans Item Our Saviour's Church which belongs to the Friers-preâicants was destroy'd by the Mayor and his Citizens and the ââones were converted to the building of a City wall which was âade of greater compass in the north part of the City above the âey for formerly the Walls ran just by the Church of S. Owen âhere we see a Tower beyond the Gate also another Gate in that âtreet where the Taverns are however the Mayor and Citizens âere afterwards commanded by the King of England to make anoâher Convent as formerly After the feast of S. Matthias Le Brus ââderstanding that the City was fortified to receive him he march'd ââwards Salmons-leap where Robert le Brus King of Scotland âith Edward le Brus the Earl of Morrey John Meneteth the âord John Stewart the Lord Philip Mountbray encamp'd themâelves and continued for four days during which they burnt part âf the Village broke open the Church and rifled it and then âarch'd towards Le Naas The Lacies notwithstanding their Oaths advis'd and conducted them and Hugh Lord Canon made âadin White his Wife's Brother guide them through the Country âo they came to Le Naas plunder'd the Village broke the Churches ââd open'd the Graves in the Church-yard for hidden Treasure ââd did many other Mischiefs during the two days they stay'd ââere After this they took their march towards Tristildermote ââe second week in Lent and destroy'd the Friers-minors takââg away their Books Vestments and other Ornaments from âence they return'd to Baligaveran and so to Callan about the âeast of Pope Gregory without regarding the Village of Kilâenny At the same time Letters were brought by the Lord Edmund âotiller Chief Justice of Ireland at that time and by the Lord Thomas Fitz-John Earl of Kildare the Lord Richard Clare the Lord Arnold le Pover and the Lord Maurice Fitz-Thomas to ââffer the Earl of Ulster to be mainpriz'd and set at liberty by the King 's writ but nothing was done at present in this Business The People of Ulster came afterwards in a great Body amountâng to 800 and desir'd assistance from the King against the Scots Upon which the King's Banner was deliver'd to them But as soon as they got it they did more mischief than the Scots themselves they eat Flesh all the Lent and almost wasted the whole Country for which they were accurs'd both by God and Man Edmund * Pincerna Butler gave the Irish a great defeat near Trestildermot Item The same Edmund being now Chief Justice of Ireland defeated O Morghe at Balilethan The Scots under le Brus were now got as far as Limerick But the English in Ireland being drawn together in great Bodies to receive them at Ledyn they retreated privately in the night from Conninger Castle About Palm-sunday News came to Dublin That the Scots were at Kenlys in Ossory and that the Irish Nobility were at Kilkenny and had drawn a great Army together there to engage Le Brus. On the Monday following the King sent an Order to the People of Ulster to advance against the Scots under the command and conduct of Thomas Fitz-John Earl of Kildare whereupon they march'd forward Le Brus being then at Cashell from whence he mov'd to Nanath where he stay'd some time and burnt and wasted all the Possessions of the Lord Pincern MCCCXVII On Maundy Thursday the Lord Edmund Botiller Justiciary of Ireland the Lord Thomas Fitz-John Earl of Kildare for the King had conferr'd the jurisdiction and privileges of the Earldom of Kildare upon him Richard Clare with the Ulster-Army Arnold Pover Baron of Donnoyll Maurice Rochfort Thomas Fitz-Maurice and the Cauntons and their
Followers met together to concert what measures were to be taken against the Scots this Debate continued for a whole week and at last they came to no Resolution tho' their Army amounted to 30000 armed Men or thereabouts On Thursday in Easter-week Roger Mortimer arriv'd at Yoghall with the King's Commission for he was Chief Justice at that time and on the Monday following went in great haste to the Army having sent his Letters to Edmund Botiller who as it has been said was formerly Chief Justice to enterprise nothing before his Arrival against the Scots but before Mortimer got to the Camp he admonish'd Brus to retreat so in the Night Brus march'd towards Kildare and in the week after the English return'd home to their several Countries and the Ulster-Army came to Naas At the same time two Messengers were sent from Dublin to the King of England to give him an account of the state of Ireland and the delivery of Ulster and to take his Majesty's advice upon the whole At the same time likewise Roger Lord Mortimer Justiciary of Ireland and the Irish Nobility were met together at Kilkenny to consider how they might most conveniently proceed against Brus but came to no Resolution About a month after Easter Brus came with an Army within four Leagues or thereabouts of Trym under the covert of a certain Wood and there continu'd for about a week or more to refresh his Men who were almost undone with fatigue and hunger which occasion'd a great mortality among them Afterwards on S. Philip and James's-day the said Brus began his march towards Ulster and after the said feast Roger Lord Mortimer Chief Justice of Ireland came to Dublin with John Lord Wogan Sir Fulk Warin and thirty other Knights with their Retinue who held a Parliament with all the Nobility of the Kingdom at Kylmainan but came to no conclusion but about the delivery of the Earl of Ulster On the Sunday before the Ascension they held another Parliament at Dublin and there thc Earl of Ulster was deliver'd upon Mainprise Hostages and Oath which were That he should never by himself nor any of his Friends and Followers do or procure any mischief to the Citizens of Dublin for his apprehension save only what the Law allow'd him in those Cases against such Offenders whereupon he had till the Nativity of S. John allow'd him for that benefit but he came not Item This year Corn and other Victuals were exceeding dear Wheat was sold at three and twenty Shillings the Cranock and Wine for eight pence and the whole Country was in a manner laid waste by the Scots and those of Ulster Many House-keepers and such as were formerly able to relieve others were now reduc'd to Beggary themselves and great numbers famish'd The dearth and mortality was so severe that many of the Poor died At the same time Messengers arriv d at Dublin from England with Pardons to make use of as they should see fit but the Earl was deliver'd before they came And at the feast of Pentecost Mortimer Lord Chief Justice set forward for Drogheda from whence he went to Trym sending his Letters to the Lacies to repair to him but they refus'd the Summons with contempt Afterwards Sir Hugh Crofts Knight was sent to treat of a Peace with the Lacies but was unworthily slain by them After that the Lord Mortimer drew an Army together against the Lacies by which means their Goods Cattle and Treasures were all seiz'd many of their Followers cut off and they themselves drove into Conaught and ruin'd It was reported That Sir Walter Lacy went out as far as Ulster to seek Brus. Item About the feast of Pentecost the Lord Aumar Valence and his son were taken Prisoners in S. Cinere a Town in Flanders and convey'd from thence into Almain The same year on the Monday after the Nativity of S. John the Baptist a Parliament of the Nobility was held at Dublin by which the Earl of Ulster was acquitted who found Security and took his Oath to answer the King's writs and to fight against the King's Enemies both Scots and Irish Item On the feast of S. Process and Martinian Thomas Dover a resolute Pyrate was taken in a Sea-engagement by Sir John Athy and forty of his Men or thereabouts cut off his Head was brought by him to Dublin Item On the day of S. Thomas's Translation Sir Nicholas Balscot brought word from England That two Cardinals were come from the Court of Rome to conclude a Peace and that they had a Bull for excommunicating all such as should disturb or break the King's Peace Item On the Thursday next before the feast of S. Margaret Hugh and Walter Lacy were proclaim'd Felons and Traytors to their King for breaking out into war against his Majesty Item On the Sunday following Roger Lord Mortimer Chief Justice of Ireland march'd with his whole Army towards Drogheda At the same time the Ulster-men took a good Booty near Drogheda but the Inhabitants sallied out and retook it in this action Miles Cogan and his Brother were both slain and six other great Lords of Ulster were taken Prisoners and brought to the Castle of Dublin Afterwards Mortimer the Lord Chief Justice led his Army against O Fervill and commanded the Malpass to be cut down and all his Houses to be spoil d After this O Fervill submitted and gave Hostages Item Roger Lord Mortimer Chief Justice march'd towards Clony and empannell'd a Jury upon Sir John Blunt viz. White of Rathregan by this he was found guilty and was fin'd two hundred marks On Sunday after the feast of the Nativity of the blessed Marie Mortimer march'd with a great Army against the Irish of O Mayl and came to Glinsely where in a sharp Encounter many were slain on both sides but the Irish had the worst Soon after O Brynne came and submitted Whereupon Roger Mortimer return'd with his Men to Dublin-castle On S. Simon and Jude's-day the Archeboldes were permitted to enjoy the King's Peace upon the Mainprise of the Earl of Kildare At the feast of S. Hilary following a Parliament was held at Lincoln to conclude a Peace between the King the Earl of Lancaster and the Scots The Scots continued peaceable and quiet and the Archbishop of Dublin and the Earl of Ulster stay'd in England by the King's Order to attend that Parliament About the feast of Epiphany News came to Dublin That Hugh Canon Lord Chief Justice of the King's-bench was slain between Naas and Castle-Martin by Andrew Bermingham Item At the feast of the Purification of the blessed Virgin Mary came the Pope's Bulls whereupon Alexander Bicknor was confirm'd and consecrated Archbishop of Dublin and the Bulls were read and publish'd in trinity-Trinity-church Another Bull was read at the same time for establishing a Peace for two years between the King of England and Robert Brus King of Scotland But Brus refus'd to comply with it These things were thus transacted about the feast of
S. Valentine Item The Sunday following Roger Lord Mortimer came to Dublin and knighted John Mortimer and four of his Followers The same day he kept a great feast in the castle of Dublin Item Many Irish were slain in Conaght about this time by reason of a Quarrel between two of their great Lords The number of the slain amounted to about 4000 men on both sides After this a severe Vengeance fell upon the Ulster-men who had done great mischief during the depredations of the Scots here and eat Flesh in Lent without any manner of necessity for which sins they were at last reduc'd to such want that they eat one another so that of 10000 there remain'd but about 300 By which this does plainly appear to be God's vengeance upon them Item It was reported That some of the said Profligates were so pinch'd with Famine that they dug up Graves in Church-yards and after they had boil'd the Flesh in the Skull of the dead Body eat it up nay that some Women eat up their own Children to satisfie their craving Appetites MCCCXVIII On the 15. of Easter there came News from England That the Town of Berwick was betray'd and taken by the Scots Afterwards this same year Walter Islep the King's Treasurer in Ireland arriv'd here and brought Letters to Roger Lord Mortimer to attend the King Accordingly he did so substituting the Lord William Archbishop of Cashil Keeper of Ireland so that at one and the same time he was Chief Justice of Ireland Lord Chancellor and Archbishop Three weeks after Easter news came to Dublin That Richard Lord Clare and four Knights viz. Sir Henry Capell Sir Thomas Naas Sir James Caunton and Sir John Caunton as also Adam Apilgard with 80 Men more were all slain by O Brone and Mac-Carthy on the feast of S. Gordian and Epimachus The Lord Clare's Body was reported to be hewn in pieces out of pure malice But his Relicks were interr'd among the Friers-minors in Limerick Item On Sunday in Easter-month John Lacy was remov'd from Dublin-castle to Trym for his Trial His sentence was to be pinch'd in Diet and so he died in Prison Item On the Sunday before the Ascension Roger Lord Mortimer set sail for England but paid nothing for his Provisions having taken up in the City of Dublin and elsewhere as much as amounted to 1000 l. Item This year about the feast of S. John Baptist that Wheat which before was sold for 16 s. by the great mercy of God went now for 7. Oats sold for 5 s. and there was also great plenty of Wine Salt and Fish Nay about the feast of S. James there was Bread of new Corn a thing seldom or perhaps never before known in Ireland This was an instance of God's mercy and was owing to the prayers of the Poor and other faithful People Item On the Sunday after the feast of S. Michael news came to Dublin That Alexander Lord Bykenore Chief Justice of Ireland and Archbishop of Dublin was arriv'd at Yoghill On S. Denis's day he came to Dublin and was receiv'd by the Religious and Clergy as well as the Laity who went out in Processions to meet him Item On Saturday which happen'd to be the feast of Pope Calixtus a Battle was fought between the Scots and English of Ireland two leagues from Dundalk on the Scotch-side there were Edward Lord Brus who nam'd himself King of Ireland Philip Lord Moubray Walter Lord Sules Alan Lord Stewart with his three Brethren as also Sir Walter Lacy and Sir Robert and Aumar Lacy John Kermerdyne and Walter White with about 3000 others Against whom on the English-side there were the Lord John Bermingham Sir Richard Tuit Sir Miles Verdon Sir Hugh Tripton Sir Herbert Sutton Sir John Cusak Sir Edward and Sir William Bermingham and the Primate of Armagh who gave them Absolution besides Sir Walter Larpulk and John Maupas with about twenty more choice Soldiers and well arm'd who came from Drogheda The English gave the onset and broke into the Van of the Enemy with great vigour And in this Encounter the said John Maupas kill'd Edward Lord Brus valiantly and was afterwards found slain upon the Body of his Enemy The slain on the Scots side amounted to 2000 or thereabouts so thaâ few of them escap'd besides Philip Lord Moubray who was also mortally wounded and Sir Hugh Lacy Sir Walter Lacy and some few more with them who with much ado got off Thiâ Engagement was fought between Dundalk and Faghird Brus'â Head was brought by the said John Lord Bermingham to thâ K. of England who conferred the Earldom of Louth upon him and his Heirs male and gave him the Barony of Aterith One of hiâ Quarters together with the Hands and Heart were carried tâ Dublin and the other Quarters sent to other places MCCCXIX Roger Lord Mortimer return'd out of England and became Chief Justice of Ireland The same year on the feaââ of All Saints came the Pope's Bull for excommunicating Roberâ Brus King of Scotland The Town of Athisell and ãâã considerable part of the Country was burnt and wasted by John Lord Fitz-Thomas whole Brother to Moris Lord Fitz-Thomas John Bermingham aforesaid was this year created Earl of Louth Item The Stone-bridge of Kit-colyn was built by Master Moriâ Jak Canon of the Cathedral Church of Kildare MCCCXX In the time of John XXII Pope and of Edward son to King Edward who was the 25 King from the coming oâ S. Austin into England Alexander Bicknore being then Archbishop of Dublin was founded the University of Dublin Williaâ Hardite a Frier-predicant was the first that took the degree oâ Master Who also commenced Doctor of Divinity under thâ same Archbishop Henry Cogry of the order of Friers minors was the second Master the third was William Rodyarâ Dean of S. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin who afteâ commenc'd Doctor of the Canon law and was made the firââ Chancellor of this University The fourth Person that went ouâ Master in Divinity was Frier Edmund Kermerdyn Item Rogeâ Mortimer the Chief Justice of Ireland went into England leavinâ the Lord Thomas Fitz-John then Earl of Kildare his Deputy Item Edmund Lord Botiller went into England and so camâ to S. James's Item Leghelyn-bridge was then built by Master Moris Jaâ Canon of the Cathedral Church of Kildare MCCCXXI The O Conghors were sadly defeated at Balibogan on the Ninth of May by the People of Leinster and Meth Item Edmund Lord Botiller died in London and was burieâ at Balygaveran in Ireland John Bermingham Earl of Lowth waâ made Justiciary of Ireland John Wogan died also this year MCCCXXII Andrew Bermingham and Nicholas de la Lonâ Knight were slain with many others by O Nalan on S. Michael's day MCCCXXIII A Truce was made between the King of Englanâ and Robert Brus King of Scots for fourteen years Item Johâ Darcy came Lord Chief Justice into Ireland Item Johâ eldest son of Thomas Fitz-John Earl of Kildare died in the 9tâ
and made ready to entertain the Conquerors whosoever they should be usually saying upon this occasion That it would be a shame if such Guests should come and find him unprovided It pleasing God to bless them with the Victory he invited them all to Supper to rejoice with him giving God the thanks for his success telling them He thought the things look'd as well upon his Table as running in his Fields notwithstanding some advis'd him to be saving He was buried in the convent-Convent-church of the Friers-predicants of Coulrath near the river Banne Item The Earl of Ormond Chief Justice of Ireland went into England and Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Kildare was made Chief Justice of Ireland by a charter or commission after this manner Omnibus c. To all whom these Presents shall come greeting Know ye that we have committed to our faithful and loving Subject Moris Earl of Kildare the office of Chief Justice of our Kingdom of Ireland together with the Nation it self and the Castles and other Appurtenances thereunto belonging to keep and govern during our will and pleasure commanding that while he remains in the said office he shall receive the sum of five hundred pounds yearly cut of our Exchequer at Dublin Vpon which consideration he shall perform the said office and take care of the Kingdom and maintain twenty Men and Horse in arms constantly whereof himself shall be one during the enjoyment of the said commission In witness whereof c. Given at Dublin by the hands of our beloved in Christ Frier Thomas Burgey Prior of the Hospital of S. John of Jerusalem in Ireland our Chancellor of that Kingdom on the 30th of March being the 35th year of our reign Item James Botiller Earl of Ormond return'd to Ireland being made Lord Chief Justice as before whereupon the Earl of Kildare resign'd to him MCCCLXI Leonel son to the King of England and Earl of Ulster in right of his Wife came as the King's Lieutenant into Ireland and on the 8th of September being the Nativity of the blessed Virgin arriv'd at Dublin with his Wife Elizabeth the Daughter and Heir of William Lord Burk Earl of Ulster Another Pestilence happen'd this year There died in England Henry Duke of Lancaster the Earl of March and the Earl of Northampton Item On the 6th of January Moris Doncref a Citizen of Dublin was buried in the Church-yard of the Friers-predicants in this City having contributed 40 l. towards glazing the Church of that Convent Item There died this year Joan Fleming wife to Geffery Lord Trevers and Margaret Bermingham wife to Robert Lord Preston on S. Margaret's eve and were buried in the Church of the Friers-predicants of Tredagh Item Walter Lord Bermingham the younger died on S. Lawrence-day who left his Estate to be divided among his Sisters one of whose Shares came to the aforesaid Preston Item Leonel having arriv'd in Ireland and refresh'd himself for some few days enter'd into a War with O Brynne and made Proclamation in his Army That no Irish should be suffer'd to come near his Army One hundred of his own Pensioners were slain Leonel hereupon drew up both the English and the Irish into one body went on successfully and by God's mercy and this means grew victorious in all places against the Irish Among many both English and Irish whom he knighted were these Robert Preston Robert Holiwood Thomas Talbot Walter Cusacke James de la Hide John Ash and Patrick and Robert Ash Item He remov'd the Exchequer from Dublin to Carlagh and gave 500 l. towards walling the Town Item On the feast of S. Maur Abbot there happen'd a violent Wind that shook or blew down the Pinnacles Battlements Chimnies and such other Buildings as overtop'd the rest to be particular it blew down very many Trees and some Steeples for instance the Steeple of the Friers-predicants MCCCLXII In the 36th year of this King's reign and on the 8th of April S. Patrick's church in Dublin was burnt down through negligence MCCCLXIV In the 38th year of this reign Leonel Earl of Ulster arriv'd on the 22d of April in England leaving the Earl of Ormond to administer as his Deputy On the 8th of December following he return'd again MCCCLXV In the 39th of this reign Leonel Duke of Clarence went again into England leaving Sir Thomas Dale Knight Deputy-keeper and Chief Justice in his absencc MCCCLXVII A great feud arose between the Berminghams of Carbry and the People of Meth occasion'd by the depredations they had made in that Country Sir Robert Preston Knight Chief Baron of the Exchequer put a good Garrison into Carbry-castle and laid out a great deal of mony against the King's Enemies that he might be able to defend what he held in his Wife 's right Item Gerald Fitz-Moris Earl of Desmond was made Chief Justice of Ireland MCCCLXVIII In the 42d year of the same reign after a Parliament of the English and Irish Frier Thomas Burley Prior of Kylmaynon the King's Chancellor in Ireland John Fitz-Reicher Sheriff of Meth Sir Robert Tirill Baron of Castle-knoke and many more were taken Prisoners at Carbry by the Berminghams and others of that Town James Bermingham who was then kept in Irons as a Traytor in the castle of Trim was set at liberty in exchange for the Chancellor the rest were forc'd to ransom themselves Item The Church of S. Maries in Trim was burnt down by the negligent keeping of the fire in the monastery Item On the vigil of S. Luke the Evangelist Leonel Duke of Clarence died at Albe in Pyemont He was first buried in the city Papy near S. Augustin and afterwards in the convent-Convent-church of the Austin Fryers at Clare in England MCCCLXIX In the 43d year cf this reign Sir Willium Windefore Knight a Person of great valour and courage being made the King's Deputy came into Ireland on the 12th of July to whom Gerald Fitz-Moris Earl of Desmond resign'd the office of Chief Justice MCCCLXX In the 44th year of this reign a Pestilence rag'd in Ireland more violent than either of the former two many of the Nobility and Gentry as also Citizens and Children innumerable died of it The same year Gerald Fitz-Maurice Earl of Desmond John Lord Nicholas Thomas Lord Fitz-John and many others of the Nobility were taken Prisoners on the 6th of July near the Monastery of Magie in the County of Limerick by O-Breen and Mac Comar of Thomond many were slain in the Fray Whereupon the Lieutenant went over to Limerick in order to defend Mounster leaving the War against the O-Tothiles and the rest in Leinster till some other opportunity This year died Robert Lord Terell Baron of Castle Knock together with his son and heir and his Wife Scolastica Houth so that the Inheritance was shared between Joan and Maud the sisters of the said Robert Terell Item Simon Lord Fleming Baron of Slane John Lord Cusak Baron of Colmolyn and John Taylor late mayor of Dublin a very
the celebrated Organ at Ulme This city gave birth to Henrietta Maria youngest daughter to K. Charles 1. to William Petre âho was Secretary and Privy-Counsellor to K. Henry 8. Edward 6. Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth and seven times Embassadour in foreign parts and lastly to Sir Thomas Bodley employ'd by Queen Elizabeth to several foreign Courts but especially famous for his founding the Publick Library in the University of Oxford call'd after his own name nn Thomas the last Earl of Exeter mention'd by our Author was succeeded by William his son and heir who dying without issue-male The Eaââs continu'd left that honour to David Cecil Son of Sir Richard Cecil who was second son to Thomas Earl of Exeter This David was succeeded by John his son and heir and he by his son of the same name o At the confluence of Ex and Clist is Topesham Topheshaâ an ancient town that hath flourish'd much by the obstructions of the river Ex. Several attempts have been made to remove these dammes but none so effectual as the new works in the time of King Charles 2. at the vast expence indeed of the City of Exeter but to such advantage that Lighters of the greatest burden come up to the city-key On the east of Exeter is a parish call'd Heavy-tree Heavy-tâââ memorable for the birth of Hooker the judicious Author of the Ecclesiastical Polity and of that great Civilian Dr. Arthur Duck. The next parish is Pinhoe Pinhoe remarkable for bringing forth the two Rainolds John and William brothers zealous maintainers both of the Reform'd and the Popish Religion in their turns Not far from hence is Stoke-Canon Stoke-Cânon given by K. Canute to the Church of Exeter a representation of which gift was to be seen not long ago in a window of the Parish-Church there viz. a King with a triple Crown and this Inscription Canutus Rex donat hoc Manerium Eccles Exon. Four miles east of Exon we pass the river Clyst near which upon Clyst-heath Clyst-heath the Cornish rebels were totally defeated An. 1549. by John Lord Russel afterwards Earl of Bedford p Next is Honnyton Honnyâââ where the market was anciently kept on Sundays as it was also in Exeter Launceston and divers other places till in the reign of K. John they were alter'd to other days Over the river Ottery is Vennyton bridge Vennytââ-bridge at which in the time of Edw. 6. a battle was fought against the Cornish rebels q And upon the same river stands Budley Budley famous for being the birth-place of that great Statesman and Historian Sir Walter Rawleigh r From whence to the north east is Sidmouth Sidmouââ now one of the chiefest fisher-towns of those parts s And Seaton Seaton where the inhabitants formerly endeavour'd to cut out a haven and procur'd a Collection under the Great Seal for that purpose but now there remain no footsteps of that work t The river Ax passeth by Ford Ford. to which Abbey the Courtneys were great benefactours it is now in the hands of Edmund Prideaux Esq Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury in the reign of K. Richard 1. was first Monk and then Abbot here Ax empties it self into the sea at Axmouth Axmoâââ formerly a good harbour for ships Several attempts have been made to repair this decay'd haven by the family of the Earles but all in vain u Crossing the country to the north-west we meet with Hartland Hartââââ the possessions of which Monastery were confirm'd by Richard 1. with the grant of great immunities particularly of a Court holding plea of all matters saving life and member arising in their own lands In the time of Q. Elizabeth a Bill was preferr'd in the house of Commons for finishing that port Not far from this is Clovelly-harbour Cloâââââ secur'd by a Piere erected at great charges by the Carys who have had their seats here from the time of Richard 2. 'T is now the most noted place in those parts for herring-fishing At a little distance lies Hole or South-hold Sââth-hold the native place of Dr. John Moreman Vicar of Maynhennet in Cornwall towards the latter end of Henry 8. memorable upon this account that he was the first who taught his Parishioners the Lord's Prayer Creed and ten Commandments in the English tongue By which we learn in how short a time that language has entirely prevail'd against the native Cornish w Upon the river Ock is Okehampton âkehampton which as it had formerly 92 Knights fees belonging to it so it is at present a good market town incorporated by K. James 1. sends Burgesses to Parliament and gives the title of Baron to the family of the Mohuns More to the north lies Stamford-Courtney Stamford-Courtney where began a great insurrection in the time of K. Edward 6. by two of the inhabitans one of whom would have no Gentlemen the other no Justices of Peace x At a little distance is North-Tawton North-Tawton where there is a pit of large circumference 10 foot deep out of which sometimes springs up a little brook or bourn and so continues for many days 'T is taken by the common people as a fore-runner of publick sorrow as that Bourn in Hertfordshire call'd Woobournmore Directly towards the north upon the river Moule lieth South-moulton âouth-âoulton an ancient town incorporate formerly call'd Snow-moulton when it was held by the Martyns by Sergeanty to find a man with a bow and three arrows to attend the Earl of Gloucester when he should hunt thereabouts x From hence to the south-west is Torrington âârrington call'd in old Records Chepan-Torrington an ancient Borough which sent Burgesses to Parliament But that privilege hath been long discontinu'd both here and in other places in this County It was incorporated by Queen Mary by the name of Mayor Aldermen and Burgesses and hath yielded the title of Earl to George Duke of Albemarle the great Restorer of K. Charles 2. as after him to Christopher his only son and since to Arthur Herbert the present Earl late Lord Admiral y The river goes next to Bediford âediford mention'd by our Author for it's bridge It is so high that a ship of 50 or 60 tunn may sail under it For which and for number of arches it equals if not exceeds all others in England 'T was begun by Sir Theobald Granvill and for the finishing of it the Bishop of the Diocese granted out Indulgences to move the people to more liberal contributions and accordingly great sums of money were collected This place hath been in the possession of the Granvills ever since the Conquest a family famous particularly for Sir Richard Granvill's behaviour in Glamorganshire in the reign of W. Rufus and another of the same name under Q. Elizabeth who with one ship maintain'd a sea-fight for 24 hours against 50 of the Spanish Galeons and at last yielded upon
they destroy'd every thing they could meet with burnt to the ground From that time they began to build nearer a green hill by the river upon which stands a castle not very great nor ancient but fair built and strong and upon the very hill stands a Church the only one in the town where the Monks aliens had a cell heretofore 7 Founded by Roger of Poictiers Below this at a very fine bridge over the Lone on the stoâpest side of the hill there hangs a piece of a very ancient wall which is Roman they call it Wery-wall probably from the later British name of the town for they nam'd this town Caer Werid that is a green ãâã from the green hill perhaps but I leave the fârâher discovery of this to others John Lord of Moâiton and Lancaste who was afterwards King of ângâand confirmed by charter all the liberties which he âad granted to the Burgesses of Bristow Edward the third in the 36th year of his reign granted to the Mâyor and Bailiffs of the village of Lancaster that Pleas and Sessions should be held no where else but there The latitude of this place not to omit it is 54 degrees 5 minutes and the longitude 20 degrees 48 minutes From the top of this hill while I look'd all round to see the mouth of the Lone which empties it self not much lower I saw Forness âournesse the other part of this County on the west which is almost sever'd from it by the sea for whereas the shore lay out a great way from hence westward into the ocean the sea as if it were enrag'd at it ceased not to slash and mangle it Nay it swallow'd it quite up at some boisterous tide or other and theâeby has made three large bays namely Kentsand which receives the river Ken Levensand Duddensand between which the land shoots oât so much like a promontory into the sea that this ãâã oâ the county takes its name from it ãâ¦ã and Foreland signifie the same with us that proââââtortââ anterius that is a fore-promontory does in latiâ l The whole tract except by the Sea-side is all high mountains and great rocks they call them Fornâss-fâlls âârnâsâe-Fells among which the Britains liv'd securely for a long time relying upon the fortifications wherewith nature had guarded them tho' nothing prov'd impregnable to the Saxon Conquerors For in the 228th year after the coming in of the Saxons we may from hence infer that the Britains lived here because at that time Egfrid King of the Northumbrians gave to S. Cuthbert the land called Carthmell Carthmell and all the Britains in it for so it is related in his life Now Carthmell every one knows was a part of this County near Kentsand and a little town in it keeps that very name to this day wherein William Mareschal the elder Earl of Pembroke built a Priory and endow'd it If in Ptolemy one might read Setantiorum Sâtâââââruâ Lacus ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã a lake as some books have it and not Sâtantiorum ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã a haven I would venture to affirm that the Britains in these parts were the Setantii for among those mountains lies the greatest lake in England now call'd Winander-mere Winamâârmere in Saxon WinÆ¿adremer perhaps from the windings in it about ten miles in length the bottom pav'd as it were with a continued rock wonderful deep in some places as the neighbouring Inhabitants tell you and well stor'd with a sort of fish no where else bred See the Aâdââââns tâ Wââtmââland Câare a fiâh Hiâtâry âf Maâââ which they call Chare m Upon this lake stands a little town of the same name where in the year 792. Eathred King of the Northumbrians slew the sons of King Elfwold after he had taken them from York that by his own wickedness and their blood he might secure himself in the Kingdom Between this lake and the river Dudden is the promontory we commonly call Forness with the Island Walney like a Counterscarp lying along by it and a small arm of the sea between The entry to it is d This fort is quite ruinated defended by a Fort call'd The Pile of Fouldrey Piâe ãâã Fâuldâeâ situate upon a rock in the middle of the water and built by the Abbot of Forness in the first year of King Edward the third Upon the promontory there is nothing to be seen but the ruins of Forness-Abbey 8 Of Câstercian Monks Lâb F ââsâânâ which Stephen Earl of Bullen afterwards K. of England built in the year 1127. in a place formerly call'd Bekensgill or translated it rather from Tulket in Anderness Out of the Monks of this place and no where else as they themselves have related the Bishops of the Isle of Man which lyes over against it were wont by an ancient custom to be chosen this being the mother as it were of several Monasteries both in that Island and in Ireland n More to the East stands Aldingham Aldââghââ the ancient estate of the family of the Harringtons Hââââgtââs to whom it came from the Flemmings by the Cancefelds and whose inheritance by a daughter went to William Bonvill 9 Of Somersetshire of Devonshire and by him at last to the Greys Marquisses of Dorset Somewhat higher lyes Ulverston Ulââââ to be mention'd upon this account that Edward the third gave a moiety of it to John Coupland one of the most warlike men of that age whom he also advanc'd to the honour of a Banneret for taking David the second King of Scots prisoner in a battel at Durham After his death the said King gave it with other great estates in these parts and with the title of Earl of Bedford to Ingleram Lord Coucy a Frenchman he having married his daughter Isabel and his Ancestors having been possess'd of great Revenues in England in right of Christian de Lindsey âo As for those of the Nobility who have bore the title of Lancaster ãâ¦ã there were three in the beginning of the Norman Government who had the title of Lords of the Honour of Lancaster namely Roger of Poictou the son of Roger Montgomery sirnam'd Pictavensis as William of Malmesbury says because his wife came out of Poictou in France But he being depriv'd of this honour for his disloyalty King Stephen conferr'd it upon his own son William Earl of Moriton and Warren Upon whose death King Richard the first bestow'd it upon John his brother who was afterwards King of England For thus we find it in an ancient History ãâ¦ã King Richard shew'd great affection for his brother John For besides Ireland and the Earldom of Moriton in Normandy he bestow'd upon him such great preferments in England that he was in a manner a Tetrarch there For he gave him Cornwal Lancaster Nottingham Derby with the adjacent Country and many other things A pretty while after King Henry the third son of King John
raised Edmund Crouchback his younger son to whom he had given the estate and honours of Simon Montfort Earl of Leicester of Robert Ferrars Earl of Derby and of John of Monmouth for rebelling against him to the Earldom of Lancaster Eaââââ Lancastââ giving it in these words The Honour Earldom Castle and the Town of Lancaster with the Cow-pastures and Forests of Wiresdale Lownsdale Newcastle under Lime with the Manour Forest and a Castle of Pickering the Manour of Scaleby the Village of Gomecestre and the Rents of the Town of Huntendon c. after he had lost the Kingdom of Sicily with which the Pope by a ring invested him to no purpose and what expos'd the English to the publick scoff and laughter of the world he caus'd pieces of gold to be coyn'd with this Inscription AIMUNDUS REX SICILIAE ãâ¦ã having first chous'd and cully'd the credulous King out of much money upon that account The said Edmund his first wife dying without issue who was the daughter and heir of the Earl of Albemarle 10 Of William de Fortibus Earl c. yet by her last Will made him her heir had by his second wife Blanch of Artois of the ãâ¦ã Royal Family of France Thomas and Henry and John who dy'd very young Thomas was the second Earl of Lancaster who married Alice the only daughter and heir of Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln she convey'd this and her mother's estate who was of the family of the Long Espee's Earls of Salisbury as likewise her father Henry Lacy had done before with his own Lands in case Alice should dye without issue as indeed it afterwards hapen'd over to the family of Lancaster But this Thomas for his Insolence and disrespect to his Prince Edward the second and for imbroiling the State was at last taken prisoner in the field and beheaded having no issue However his Sentence was afterwards revers'd by Act of Parliament because he was not try'd by his Peers and so his brother Henry succeeded him in his estate and honours He was also enrich'd by his wife Maud daughter and sole heir of Patrick Chaworth and that not only with her own but with great estates in Wales namely of Maurice of London and of Siward from whom she was descended He dying left a son Henry ãâ¦ã whom Edward the third rais'd from Earl to a Duke and he was the second of our Nobility that bore the title of Duke But he dy'd without issue-male leaving two daughters Mawd and Blanch between whom the Inheritance was divided Mawd was married to William of Bavaria Earl of Holland Zeland Friseland Hanault and of Leicester too in right of his wife But she dying without issue John of Gaunt so call'd because he was born at Gaunt in Flanders fourth son of Edward the third by marriage with Blanch the other daughter of Henry came to the whole estate And now being equal to many Kings in wealth and created Duke of Lancaster by his father he also obtain'd the Royalties of him The King too advanc'd the County of Lancaster into a Palatinate by this Rescript wherein after he has declar'd the great service he had done his Country both at home and abroad he adds We have granted for us and our heirs to our son aforesaid that he during the term of life shall have within the County of Lancaster his Chancery and his Writs to be issued out under his own Seal belonging to the Office of Chancellor his Justices likewise as well for Pleas of the Crown as for other Pleas relating to Common Law to have cognisance of them and to have power of making all Executions whatsoever by his Writs and Officers And to have all other Liberties and Royalties of what kind soever appertaining to a County Palatine as freely and as fully as the Earl of Chester within the said County is known to have c. Nor was he only Duke of Lancaster but also by marriage with Constantia daughter of Peter King of Castile John of Gaunt K. of Castile for some time bore the title of King of Leon and Castile But by contract he parted with this title and in the 13th of King Richard the second was created by consent of Parliament Duke of Aquitain 11 To have and to hold the same title for term of life of the King of England and Monarch of France but to the general disgust of the inhabitants of the Province of Aquitain who gave it out that their Seigniory was inseparably annext to the Crown of England to the great dissatisfaction of that Country At that time his titles were John son to the King of England Duke of Aquitain and Lancaster Earl of Derby Lincoln and Leicester and high Steward of England After this John Henry de Bullingbroke his son succeeded in the Dutchy of Lancaster 12 Who when he had dispossess'd Richard the second and obtain'd the Kingdom of England he considering that being now King he could not bear the title of Duke of Lancaster and unwilling that the said title should be discontinu'd ordain'd by assent of Parliament that Henry his present son should enjoy the same and be stil'd Prince of Wales Duke of Aquitain Lancaster and Cornwall and Earl of Chester and also that the Liberties and Franchises of the Dutchy of Lancaster should remain to his said son sever'd from the Crown of England who having deposed Richard the second obtain'd the Crown and conferr'd this honour upon Heny his son K. Henr. 4. afterwards King of England And that he might entail it upon him and his heirs for ever he had an Act of Parliament made in these words We being unwilling that our said inheritance or its liberties by reason of our now assuming the Royal state and dignity should be any ways chang'd transferr'd diminish'd or impair'd but that our said inheritance with its rights and liberties aforesaid should in the same manner and form condition and state wherein they descended and fell to us and also with all and singular liberties franchises and other privileges commodities and profits whatsoever which our Lord and Father in his life time had and held it withal for term of his life by the grant of the late King Richard be wholly and fully preserv'd continu'd and enjoy'd by us and our heirs specified in the said Charters And by the tenure of these presents we do upon our certain knowledge and with the consent of this our present Parliament grant declare decree and ordain for us and our heirs that as well our Dutchy of Lancaster as all and singular Counties Honours Castles Manours Fees Advowsons Possessions Annuities and Seigniories whatsoever descended to us before the Royal Dignity was obtain'd by us how or in what place soever by right of inheritance in possession or in reversion or other way remain to us and our said heirs specified in the Charters abovesaid after the said manner for ever Afterwards King Henry the fifth by Act
Oxford ââede Upon this shore there is nothing further worth mentioning except Holy-Island of which in its due place till we come to the mouth of Twede which for a long way divides England from Scotland and is call'd the Eastern March Whereupon thus our Country-man Necham 6 Insinuating that the hither part of Scotland was call'd Pict-land Anglos à Pictis sejungit limite certo Flumen quod Tuedam pristina lingua vocat The Picts are sever'd from the English ground By Twede so call'd of old a certain bound This river rises in a large stream out of the Mountains of Scotland and afterwards takes a great many turns among the Moss-Troopers and Drivers to give them no worse name who as one expresses it determine Titles by dint of Sword When it comes near the village of Carram âââram being encreas'd with many other waters it begins to distinguish the Confines of the Kingdoms âk and having pass'd Werk-Castle sometime enjoy'd by the Rosses and now by the Greys who have been long a Family of great valour and frequently assaulted by the Scots is inlarg'd by the river of Till This river has two names For at its rise which is further within the body of this County 't is call'd Bramish âââmish and on it stands Bramton âââmton a little obscure and inconsiderable Village cc Hence it runs Northward by Bengely which together with Brampton Bromdum Rodam which gave name to a Family of good note in these parts Edelingham c. was the Barony of Patrick Earl of Dunbar in the reign of Henry the third Doomsday-Book says he was Inborow and Outborow betwixt England and Scotland that is if I understand it right he was here to watch and observe the ingress and egress of all Travellers between the two Kingdoms ââârow ât For in the old English Language Inborou is an Ingress or Entry More North upon the river stands Chevelingham or Chillingham which was a Castle that belong'd to one Family of the Greys as Horton-Castle did to another dd But those two are now match'd into one Near this is the Barony of Wollover âllover which King Henry the first gave to Robert de Musco-campo or Muschamp ââs of the âââchamps who bare Azure three Butterflyes Argent From him descended another Robert who in the reign of Henry the third was reckon'd the mightiest Baron in all these Northern parts But the Inheritance soon after was divided and shared among women â 35 H. 3. whereof one was marry'd to the Earl of Strathern in Scotland another to William de Huntercombe and a third to Odonel de Ford ee Soon after Till is encreas'd by the river of Glen which gives the name of Glendale ââândale to the Valley through which it runs Of this rivulet Bede gives us the following account c The Saxon Paraphrase gives us a further direction besides what we have from the river Glen for the finding out the place there mention'd by telling us that Tha stowe sindon on Beornica magthe i.e. Those places are in the Country of the Bernicians Which is a full refutation of what Bede is made to say before That King Oswald first brought Christianity into that Kingdom â2 c. 14. Paulinus coming with the King and Queen to the Royal Manour of Ad-gebrin 't is now call'd Yeverin stay'd there with them six and thirty days âerin which he spent in the duties of Catechising and Baptizing For from morning till night his whole business was to instruct the Country People that flock'd to him from all places and villages round in the Principles of Christianity and after they were so instructed to baptize them in the neighbouring river of Glen This Manour-house was disus'd by the following Kings and another erected in its stead at Melmin now Melfeld Melfeld Here at Brumford near Brumridge King Athelstan fought a pitch'd Battel against Anlaf the Dane Battel of Brumford See H. Hunting d. Will. Malmesb. and Ingulphus Constantine King of Scots and Eugenius petty King of Cumberland ff wherein he had such success that the Engagement is describ'd by the Historians and Poets of that Age in extraordinary Raptures of Wit and 7 In barbarous Latin Holland It might have been in Heathen-Greek for any thing he knew The whole ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã is only in good old English See the Saxon Chron. in the year 938. Bombast In this place the name of Bramish is lost in Till which first passes by Ford-Castle Ford. heretofore the property of the valiant Family of the Herons now of the Carrs and Etal Etal formerly the seat of the Family of d Mr. H. Collingwood of Brankerton has Deeds by him whereby it appears that Etal was in the possession of his Ancestors of the same name in the reign of Edward the sixth Manours or de Maneriis which was long since of a knightly rank and out of which the present Right Honourable Earls of Rutland are descended I wittingly omit many Castles in this Country for 't were endless to recount them all since 't is certain that in the days of Henry the second there were 1115 Castles in England 1115. Castles in England Over against this Ford Westward rises the high Mountain of Floddon 8 Near Bramton Battel of Floddon 1513. famous for the overthrow of James the fourth King of Scots and his Army who while King Henry the eighth lay at the siege of Tournay in France with a great deal of Courage and a greater deal of Hopes for before they began their March they had divided our Towns among them invaded England Here Thomas Howard Earl of Surrey with a good Army bravely receiv'd him The Dispute was obstinate on both sides till the night parted them unable still to determine which way Victory inclin'd But the next day discover'd both the Conquerour and the Vanquish'd and the King of Scots himself being mortally wounded in several places was found among the heaps of the slain Whence a new Addition was given to the Arms of the Howards 9 As I have formerly specified Twede encreas'd by Till runs now in a larger stream by Norham Norham or Northam which was formerly call'd Ubban-ford The Town belongs to the Bishops of Durham For Bishop Egfrid built it and his Successor Ralph erected the Castle on the top of a steep rock and moted it round In the utmost Wall and largest in Circuit are plac'd several Turrets on a Canton towards the river within which there is a second Enclosure much stronger than the former and in the middle of that again rises a high Keep But the well-establish'd Peace of our times has made these Forts to be long neglected notwithstanding that they are placed upon the very Borders gg Under the Castle on a Level Westward lyes the Town and Church wherein was buried Ceolwulph King Ceolwulph King of Northumberland to whom Venerable Bede
dedicated his Books of the Ecclesiastical History of England and who afterwards Rog. Hoveden renouncing the World took upon him the habit of a Monk in the Church of Lindisfern and listed himself a Souldier of the Kingdom of Heaven his body being afterwards translated to the Church of Northam When also the Danes had miserably wasted the Holy Issand wherein S. Cuthbert so much magnified by Bede was Bishop and lay buried some endeavour'd by a religious stealth to convey his body beyond Sea but the winds standing contrary they with all due reverence deposited the sacred Body at * The printed Books have corruptly Bulbeford Will. Malmesb de Gest Pont. lib. 1. Ubbanford whether a Bishop's See or no is uncertain near the river Twede where it lay for many years till the coming of King Ethelred This and other matters were taught me for I shall always own my Instructors by George Carlton born at this place being son to the Keeper of Norham-Castle whom for his excellent Proficiency in Divinity whereof he is Professor and other polite Learning I love and am lov'd by him and I were unworthy of that love if I should not acknowledge his Friendship The old people told us that at Killey Killay a little neighbouring Village below Norham were found within the memory of our Grandfathers the studds of a Knight's Belt A golden Hilt and the hilt of a Sword of massie Gold which were presented to T. Ruthall Bishop of Durham A little lower you have the mouth of Twede on the farther bank whereof stands Berwick Berwick the last Town in England and best fortify'd in all Britain hh Some derive the name of this Town from one Berengarius a Romantick Duke Leland fetches it from Aber the British word for the mouth of a river and so makes Aberwick to signifie a Fort built upon such a mouth But they will best understand the true etymology of it who know what is meant by the word Berwicus in the Charters of our Kings Ingulphus renders Berwicus a Mannour wherein nothing's more common than I give the Townships of C. and D. cum suis Berwicis ii For my part what it should mean I know not unless it be a Hamlet or some such dependency upon a place of better note For in the Grants of Edward the Confessor Totthill is call'd the Berwicus of Westminster Wandlesworth the Berwicus of Patricksey and a thousand of the like But why all this pains 'T is lost labour if as some maintain the Saxons call'd it anciently Beornica-Æ¿ic that is the Town of the Bernicians for that this part of the Country was call'd Bernicia we have already noted and the thing is too well known to be here repeated But whence ever it had its name its situation carries it a good way into the sea so that that and the Twede almost incircle it Being seated betwixt two mighty Kingdoms as Pliny observes of Palmyra in Syria it has always been the first place that both Nations in their wars have had an eye on insomuch that ever since Edward the first wrung it out of the Scotch hands the English have as often retaken it as the Scots have ventur'd to seize it But if the Reader pleases we will here give him a summary abstract of its History The oldest account I find of Berwick is that William King of Scots being taken prisoner by the English pawn'd it for his ransom to our Henry the second redeemable only within such a time kk Whereupon says the Polychronicon of Durham Henry immediately fortify'd it with a Castle But Richard the first restor'd it to the Scots upon their payment of the money Afterwards King John as the History of Melross reports took the Town and Castle of Berwick at the same time that he burnt Werk Roxburgh Mitford and Morpath and with his Rutars wasted all Northumberland because the Barons of that county had done homage to Alexander King of Scots at Feltun A great many years after this when John Baliol King of Scotland had broken his Oath Edward the first reduc'd Berwick in the year of our Lord 1297. But soon after the fortune of war favouring the Scots our men quitted it and they seiz'd it but the English forthwith had it surrender'd to them again Afterwards in the loose reign of Edward the second Peter Spalding surrender'd it to Robert Brus King of Scots who warmly besieg'd it and the English vainly attempted its recovery till our Hector Edward the third bravely carry'd it in the year 1333. In the reign of Richard the second some Scottish Moss-troopers surpriz'd the Castle which within nine days was recover'd by Henry Percie Earl of Northumberland Within seven years after this the Scots regain'd it but by purchace not by their valour Whereupon the said Henry Percie being then Governour of the Town was accus'd of High-treason but he also corrupted the Scots with money and so got it again A long time after this when England was almost spent in civil wars Henry the sixth being already fled into Scotland deliver'd it up to the King of Scots the better to secure himself in that Kingdom Two and twenty years after Thomas Stanley with a great loss of men reduc'd it to the obedience of Edward the fourth Since which time the Kings of England have several times fortify'd it with new works but especially Queen Elizabeth who lately to the terrour of the enemy and security of the Burghers hath drawn it into a less compass than before and surrounded it with a high stone wall of firm Ashler work which is again strengthen'd with a deep ditch bastions and counterscarp so that its fortifications are so strong and regular that no besiegers can hope to carry it hereafter Not to mention the valour of the Garrison and the surprizing plenty of Ammunition and all warlike stores Be it also remember'd that the Governour of this place was alwaies a person of the greatest wisdom and eminence among the English Nobility and was also Warden of these eastern Marches The Mathematicians have plac'd this Town in 21 degrees and 43 minutes of longitude and in 55 and 48 of northern latitude So that the longest day in this climate consists of seventeen hours and 22 minutes and its night has only six hours and 38 minutes Brita has ãâã of Day So truly has Servius Honoratus written of this Country Britain says he has such plenty of day that she has hardly any room for night Nor is it a wonder that the Souldiers of this Garrison are able to play all night at dice without a candle if we consider their thorow twilight and the truth of Juvenal's expression Minimâ contentos nocte Britannos Britains with shortest nights content Take at parting J. Jonston's Verses upon Berwick Scotorum extremo sub limite Meta furoris Saxonidum gentis par utriusque labor Mille vices rerum quae mille est passa ruinas Mirum quî potuit tot superesse
the Inscription gives to the placing of Bremenium Bremenium at Rochester I still fancy Brampton in Gillesland was the place as our Author himself sometime thought Brampton in Northumberland to be The distance from this Brampton to Corbridge is as agreeable as from Rochester and 't is gratis dictum and ought to be well prov'd before the weight of the Objection can be taken off that the words id est à vallo are an Interpolation of the Transcribers h We may be allow'd to remark here what a person of great honour and skill in our English Antiquities has noted before that the old Ballad of Chevy-Chase Chevy-Chase Sir Philip Sydney's Delight has no other foundation for its story save only the Battel of Otterburn There was never any other Percy engag'd against a Douglass but this Henry who was indeed Heir to the Earl of Northumberland but never liv'd to enjoy the Honour himself Sir John Froyssart who liv'd at the time gives the fullest account of this Battel but says 't was Earl James Douglas who was the Scotish General i Riese in the German Language does signifie a Gyant as our Author observes But I doubt whether our Saxons used the word or if they did whether the name of this place imports any more than its situation on a high and rising ground Most of the Villages in these parts were anciently so placed though afterwards the Inhabitants drew down into the Valleys k Chipches Chipches is now the Seat of Sir John Heron Baronet whose Ancestors have for many and many Generations been of eminent note in this County 'T is true we meet with their name variously spell'd in our Histories and Records as Hairun Heyrun Heirun c. Amongst whom William Heyrun was for eleven years together Sheriff of this County in the reign of Henry the third And some of our Histories seem to hint that he was well enrich'd by the Preferment The Family afterwards was branch'd out into the Herons of Netherton Meldon c. l As to the story of Oswald Oswald Bede indeed seems to say the Battel was against Cedwall but Matthew of Westminster says it was fought against Penda King of the Mercians who was at that time General of Cadwalline's Forces And the story of setting up the Banner of the Christian Faith must be understood to be in Berniciorum Gente as Bede says in the place cited if it have any truth in it For Christianity was some years before planted in the Kingdom of Northumberland by Paulinus and a Church was built at York by King Edwin Oswald's Predecessor But when all 's done this remark is not in the Saxon Paraphrase of Bede's History so that we have reason to look upon it as a spurious Corruption It does indeed contradict the account which himself elsewhere gives of Paulinus's baptizing great numbers in these very parts which surely was Fidei Christianae signum See the Note on Yeverin Nor was Heavenfield the place where the Battel was fought and as is here asserted the Victory obtain'd for âhat was done at another place in the neighbourhood which Bede calls Denises burna and which our Author as we shall see anon takes to be Dilston The Writer of Oswald's Life 't is true supposes this to have been the Scene of the Action tho' Bede says only that here was the Cross erected and here afterwards the Chapel built m 'T is no wonder to find a deal of Poets and a great deal they are that have written in the praise of S. Oswald His introducing of Christianity was not the thing that rais'd his credit for so much King Edwin had done before him but his chief stock of Merit consisted in his bringing in Monkery along with it 'T was this that gave him so considerable a figure amongst the men of the Cloyster and advanc'd him to a like honour with what his name-sake-Saint of York attain'd to afterwards n The Prior's account of the place is much fuller than our Author has thought fit here to give it He is very particular in his description of the Church's Fabrick in its Walls Roof Cieling Stairs Pillars c. and at last concludes That no such stately structure was at that time to be met with on this side the Alpes Which latter part of its Character is also confirm'd by Will of Malmesb. de Gest. Pontif. lib. 3. Prior Richard informs us also at large what Immunities and Privileges were granted by our Saxon Kings to this Church how well they were secur'd to her how far the bounds of her Fridstol or Sanctuary extended c. All which the Reader may see in his Hist. lib. 1. cap. 3 5. lib. 2. cap. 3. 14. o All the Latin Copies of Bede that I have seen say Oswad's victory was in loco qui linguâ Anglorum Denises burna vocatur And the Saxon Copies of King Aelfred's Paraphrase have denisses denisces and denises burna The Saxon Chronicle has not recorded this story Sir Francis Ratcliff Baronet the present Proprietor of the place is now Baron of Dilston Viscount Langley and Earl of Derwent-water not in Yorkshire as a late Writer of the state of England asserts but in Cumberland p Though King John could meet with no Discoveries at Corbridge Corbridge there was a considerable one accidentally made here about four years ago The bank of a small Torrent being worn by some sudden showers the Skeleton of a Man appear'd of a very extraordinary and prodigious size The length of its thigh-bone was within a very little of two yards the skull teeth and other parts proportionably monstrous So that by a fair computation the true length of the whole body has been reckon'd at seven yards Some parts of it are still in the possession of the right honourable the Earl of Derwent-water at Dilston but his Lordship having had no notice of the thing till 't was in a great measure squander'd and lost by the unthinking discoverers the Rarity is not so compleat as whoever sees the remains of it will heartily wish it were The like bones are reported to have been frequently discover'd on the the shore near Alnmouth in this County all of 'em at a greater depth in the ground than they can well be imagin'd ever to have been buried q From Newcastle New-castle down to a little within the Bar of Tinmouth which is a sand that lies cross the river's mouth not above 7 foot deep at low water the chanel is good and secure but there you meet with a deal of Rocks which they call the Black Middins very dangerous To prevent much of the mischief which might happen among these in the night-time there are two Light-houses maintain'd by the Trinity-house in Newcastle near which was built Clifford's Fort in the year 1672. which effectually commands all Vessels that enter the River r There are in this Town besides St. Nicholas's the Parochial or mother-Mother-Church six other Churches or Chapels
being still Justiciary as before His Wife died this year MCCLXXXI Adam Cusak younger kill'd William Barret and many others in Conaught Frier Stephen Fulborn was made Justiciary of Ireland The Lord Robert d'Ufford return'd into England MCCLXXXII This Year Moritagh and Arte Mac-Murgh his Brother were slain at Arclowe on S. Mary Magdalen Eve And Roger Lord Mortimer died MCCLXXXIII The City of Dublin was in part burnt and the Belfrey of Trinity Church upon the third day before the Nones of January MCCLXXXIV The Castle of Ley was taken and burnt by the petty Kings of Offaly the morrow after S. Barnaby's Day Alphonsus the King's Son twelve years old departed this Life MCCLXXXV The Lord Theobald le Botiller died on the 6th of the Kalends of October in the Castle of Arclowe and was buried there in the Convent of the Friers Predicants Gerald Fitz Maurice was taken Prisoner by his own Irish Subjects in Ofaly with Richard Petit and S. Deget and many others and at Rathode was a great slaughter MCCLXXXVI Le Norragh and Arstol with other Towns were successively burnt by William Stanton on the 16th of the Kalends of December About this time Eleanor Queen of England mother of King Edward took a religious habit at Ambresbury upon the day of S. Thomas's translation having her dower confirmed by the Pope and assur'd to her for ever Calwagh was taken Prisoner at Kildare The Lord Thomas Clare departed this Life MCCLXXXVII This year died Stephen Fulborn Archbishop of Tuam and was succeeded in the Office of Justiciary for a Time by John Sampford Archbishop of Dublin This year the King of Hungary renounc'd Christianity and turned Apostate and having fraudulently assembled his Nobility under pretence of a Parliament Miramomelius a potent Saracen came upon them with an Army of 20000 men and took the King and all the Christians there away prisoners on S. John Baptist's eve As the Christians were carried along the weather turn'd cloudy and a tempest of Hail fell suddenly and killed many thousands of the Infidels So the Christians return'd to their own homes and the Apostate King went alone with the Saracens The Hungarians crown'd his Son King and continued in the Catholick Faith MCCLXXXIX Tripoly a famous City was demolish'd after great effusion of Christian blood by the Sultan of Babylon Who commanded the Images of the Saints to be dragg'd at the horses tails through the ruinous City in contempt of Christ MCCXC Inclyta stirps Regis sponsis datur ordine legis The issue of the King becomes a Spouse The Lord Gilbert Clare took to Wife the Lady Joan de Acon a daughter of our Lord King Edward in the Abby of Westminster and the marriage was celebrated in May And John the Duke of Brabant's son married Margaret the said King's daughter also in the Church aforesaid in July This year the Lord William Vescie was made Justiciary of Ireland and enter'd upon the Office on S. Martin's day Item O Molaghelin King of Meth was this year slain MCCXCI Gilbert Clare the son of Gilbert and the Lady Joan de Acon was born on the 11th of May betimes in the morning Item there was an army led into Ulster against O Hanlan and other Princes that had broke the Peace by Richard Earl of Ulster and William Vescie Justiciary of Ireland Item The Lady Eleanor formerly Queen of England and mother of King Edward died this year on S. John's day after a laudable life spent four years eleven months and six days in a religious habit as she had desir'd in the Abby of Ambresbury where she was a profess'd Nun. Item the news came to our Lord Pope Martin on the eve of S. Mary Magdalen concerning the city of Acon in the Holy Land which was the only place of refuge for the Christians that it was besieg'd by Mislkadar the Sultan of Babylon with a numerous army He besieg'd it hotly for about forty days viz. from the 8th day before the Ides of April till the 15th before the Kalends of July At last the Wall was pull'd down by the Saracens and they entred the city in great numbers many Christians being slain and some drown'd in the sea for fear Among whom was the Patriarch and his Train The King of Cyprus and Oto de Grandison escap'd in a ship with their followers Item This year the Lord Pope Martin granted our Lord King Edward the tenth of all Ecclesiastical Benefices in Ireland for seven years together as a supply towards a relief for the Holy Land Item the eldest son of the Earl of Clare was born the same year MCCXCII Edward King of England again entred Scotland and was chosen King John Lord Balliol of Gallweya obtain'd the whole Kingdom of Scotland by right of inheritance and did homage to our Lord Edward King of England at Newcastle upon Tine on S. Stephen's day Florentius Earl of Holland Robert Brus Earl of Carrick John Hastings John Comin Patrick de Dunbar John Vescie Nicholas Souls and William Roos who were then at difference in the said Kingdom submitted themselves to the judgment of King Edward Item A fifteenth of all the Goods of Laymen in Ireland was granted to our Lord the King of England to be collected on the Feast of S. Michael Item Sir Peter Genevile Knight died this year Item Rice ap Meredyke was brought to York and there dragg'd at the horses tails c. MCCXCIII A general and open war was this year waged at sea with the Normans Item no small number of the Normans was cut off in a sea-engagement by the Barons of the Ports of England and others their coadjutors between Easter and Whitsuntide For this a war broke out between England and France whereupon Philip King of France directed his letters of citation to the King of England to appear in person at his Parliament to answer what the King had to say to him but finding no compliance with this order he forthwith by the counsel of his Parliament declar'd him outlaw'd and condemn'd him Item Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester and his wife came into Ireland about the feast of S. Luke MCCXCIV William Montfort in the King's Council holden at Westminster before the King died suddenly He was Dean of S. Paul's in London The Bishops and Clergy who doubted what the King would expect from every one of them had instructed him as a person whom the King would confide in what to signifie from them to him as soon as he return'd to the King and was addressing himself to speak as he had design'd he grew speechless fell down and was carried out by the King's servants in a miserable condition Upon this sight people grew fearful and began to take him for the great procurer of the tenths of ecclesiastical benefices to the King and of the scrutiny and search after the fold of Christ as also of the contributions granted the King afterward Item The city of Bordeaux with the adjacent country of Gascoign was taken