that he had killed 90 Christians by the way who lay very secure upon Sierra Nevada The Citizens with great Acclamations proclaimed him King Albohazen at the beginning of this Mutiny went away to Almun̄ecar where his Treasure lay There his cruel Brother caused him to be Murdered only to secure himself in the Throne he had usurped King Ferdinand tho many were of Opinion the Soldiers who were harassed with the late Expeditions ought to rest commanded the Army to Rendezvous at Alcala Real because that Town was upon the Frontiers and went himself thither from Cordcua upon the first of September notwithstanding the Heat was excessive that part of the Country being naturally hotter than the rest of Spain The Earl of Cabra desiring to signalize himself begged he might first enter the Moorish Territories as he did with 700 Horse and 3000 Foot He was ordered to take with him Martin Alonso de Montemayor and to sit down before Moclin a strong Town near Granada the King promising to back them with the whole Army The Earl marched day and night to surprize the new King Albohardil who he understood was quartered near that place with 1500 Horse and a greater number of Foot This Design being discovered to the Moore he removed to a Hill and at break of day fell upon the Christians in certain Defiles with such fury that the best Soldiers were killed and most of the Foot The Earl lost his Brother Gonçalo and he with a few Horse fled towards the way where he expected to meet Garzi Lopez de Padilla Master of Calatrava who followed those that had advanced before This Loss so troubled King Ferdinand that he retired for some time On the Frontier near Jaen are two Towns and Castles called Cambil and Albahar The River Frio runs betwixt them and tho small is difficult to be waded because of its high Banks Both these Places were besieged Albahar is beyond the River and near it is a Hill that commands it on which the King tho with much labour caused the Cannon to be planted This so terrified the Moores that they surrendred both Towns and Castles on the 23d of September being the very day on which they were lost 120 years before After this the King put the Army into Winter Quarters and went himself with the Queen to Alcala de Henares During this Expedition died D. Alonso de Aragon Duke de Villahermosa the King's Brother a brave Commander His Body was deposited at Baeça and thence translated to Poplete the burial-place of his Ancestors Of him are descended the Dukes of Villahermosa and Earls of Ribagorça In Toledo the Inquisition severely punished those who renouncing the Christian Faith became Jews A great number of those People who were reconciled and implored Mercy was pardoned They are now called De la Gracia that is the People of Grace The Nobility of Naples had now raised a Bloody War against their King Ferdinand upon the usual Pretences Pope Innocent favoured them but it was rather in Words than Effect for he was ancient and otherwise employed The chief of the Conspirators were the Princes of Salerno Basigniano and Altamura as also the Marquess del Gasto It was reported that Frederick the King's Son under-hand supported the Rebels but this could never be proved The Wicked Life of Alonso Duke of Calabria the King 's Eldest Son was one great Motive of this Revolt The King resolved to reduce the Rebels rather by Policy than Force and therefore gave his General Pardon to all the Mutiniers King Ferdinand of Spain also sent the Earl of Tendilla his Ambassador to ingage to those Noblemen for their safety provided they laid down their Arms. But the King of Naples as soon as the Storm was over made no account of those Promises and at several times as occasion served seized the Heads of the Rebellion and put them all to death King Ferdinand of Castile ceased not to protest against those Proceedings but he of Naples ceased not to proceed in cutting off his Enemies which proved fatal to him at last as we shall see in its place Let us turn back On the 16th of December Queen Elizabeth at Aloala de Henares was delivered of a Daughter called Catherine well known in the World as Wife to two Brothers Sons to the King of England and for her great Sufferings caused by the inordinate Lust and infidelity of her Husband which also drew great Calamities upon the whole English Nation Their Sins and Rebellion drew Judgments upon them Richard III. having murdered his Two Nephews Edward and Richard the rightful Heirs of the Crown usurped the Kingdom He Govern'd like a Tyrant and ended accordingly Henry Earl of Richmond who had been a Prisoner in Britany having obtained his Liberty overthrew the Tyrant in Battle and killed him By that means he secured the Crown to himself This Henry had a Son called Henry like himself who was the Eighth of that Name King of England and famous for his Incontinency for putting away Catherine his Wife and for disowning the Supremacy of the Pope besides many other Crimes which have left an indelible stain upon his Name CHAP. V. The Tumults in Aragon and Catalonia Several Towns taken from the Moores A Sedition in Galicia King Albohardil attacks the Castle call'd Albaizin in Granada and is repulsed Azamor on the Coast of Africk delivered to the Portugueses SOme small Tumults hapned in Aragon but those in Catalonia were more dangerous yet the Prudence of King Ferdinand overcame them all The City Zaragoça is seated in a Plain on the Banks of the River Ebro and is in Beauty Riches and number of Inhabitants almost equal to the best in Spain This Place has often Mutinied in defence of its Priviledges as it hapned at this time John de Burgos the King 's Alguazil gave some ill Language to Peter Cerdan the Chief of the Aldermen and Head of their Counsel Others coming in apprehended the Alguazil Tried Condemned and Hanged him which was a great Affront to the King He was then upon the point of entring upon the Kingdom of Granada with his Army and therefore sent Orders to John Hernandez de Heredia supream Governor of that Kingdom to punish all that had a Hand in that Affair with the utmost rigor and at the same time told the Deputies sent by the City that no harm should be done for he was expert in Dissembling The Head of the Aldermen could not be apprehended because the Chief Justice of Aragon protected him but Martin Pertusa who was the next and had been very active in the Business of the Alguazil was suddenly Executed the King's Letters being carried before him upon a Spear to awe the People who were ready to Rescue him This struck a Terror into the others and so the Sedition was appeased Soon after another Tumult hapned upon account of a more Hainous Crime than the last Peter Arbuc was Inquisitor in that City and punished
these as hard Conditions and being of a haughty Spirit would have no Body Capitulate with him but submit to his Will The Catholick King seeing there was no Expedient to prevent that mighty Breach resolved to declare for the Pope In order to it he altered his Design of going over himself into Africk and sent home 1000 English Archers the King of England had furnished for that Expedition They arrived at Cadiz in June where he Rewarded and Dismissed them well satisfied Moreover he articled with that King that in case the King of France would not Restore Bolonia to the Pope and desist from calling a general Council then the Catholick King should assist the Pope and the King of England should make War in Guiene to prevent the French invading the Frontiers of Spain This done King Ferdinand went away from Sevil to Burgos From Guadalupe he sent Orders to Count Peter Navarro to go with the Forces he had to Naples where D. Raimund de Cardona the Viceroy under pretence of the War in Africk had all the Horse in the Kingdom in a readiness It was ordered that Tripoli should be annexed to the Crown of Sicily that the Viceroys might thence Relieve and Defend it D. Jayme de Requesens was sent Governour thither with a good Fleet. This was done because the King designed James de Vera the former Governor to be General of his Artillery D. Jayme enjoyed that Command but a short time for a mutiny happening among the Soldiers of that Garrison the Viceroy of Sicily Removed them and their Governor and sent his own Brother William de Moncada to succeed him in that Post The Catholick King laboured by all means to withdraw the Emperor from his Ingagements with the King of France To this purpose he sent Peter de Urrea to him who was to succeed D. Jayme de Conchillos Bishop of the Canaries as Ambassador at that Court The Emperor being a Man of a various Temper could be brought to no Resolution At last he agreed to send an Ambassador to the Pope and D. Peter de Urrea to Venice that they might conclude some Accord The Pope in the Name of that Republick offered that the Emperor should retain Verona and Vincenza and the Venetians all other Places that he pretended to yet so that they should pay down 250000 Ducats for the Investiture and a Pension of 30000 yearly All other Differences he would have referred to himself and the Catholick King to be by them Terminated These were advantageous proposals yet rejected by the Emperor Nor did Peter de Urreas journey produce any good Effect for the Venetians perceived by what was working that all Italy would soon be in confusion which would give them a time to Breath and perhaps to recover their Losses The Emperor and Princess Margaret made application to the Catholick King for Supplies either of Men or Money against the Duke of Guelders who countenanced by the French Infested Flanders and took some Towns there being no body to oppose him But the Catholick King was so intent upon Italy that he regarded nothing else and the Emperor himself thought fit to connive at it rather than break with France The End of the 29th BOOK The History of SPAIN BOOK XXX CHAP. I. Affairs of India The Pope Summons a Council to meet at S. John Lateran The League betwixt the Pope King of Aragon and the Venetians The War in Italy THIS Summer the Affairs of the Portugueses advanced gloriously in India throug the Valour and Conduct of Alonso de Albuquerque King Emanuel of Portugal understanding some Years before that beyond Goa and Calicut was the famous City Malaca a place of great Trade he ordered James Lopez de Sequeira who sailed from Lisbon 3 Years before this with 5 Ships to discover that Place With him went Garcia de Sousa and Ferdinand de Magallanes He first discovered the Island Sumatra opposite to Malaca under the Equinoctial It is very large and fruitful divided into many Kingdoms and Inhabited by Moors and Gentiles He Traded with those People and then sailed to Malaca a large and rich City having a mighty Trade Formerly it was subject to the King of Siam at this time had a King of its own called Mahomet With this King Sequeira Treated and they settled an Alliance Sequeira sent Roderick Aroas ashore with certain Portugueses to settle a Factory The Moors being jealous of the Portugueses attempted to seize the Ships and being disappointed seized the Men that were in the City Those at Sea were not strong enough to revenge that wrong they hoised Sail and having touched at Cochin Returned to Portugal with what Loading they could get Alonso de Albuquerque then Governor of India resolved to revenge this Injury He gathered a Fleet and sailed to Sumatra and thence to Malaca By the way he took a Ship which his Men having entred there arose such a Flame they were forced to quit her afterwards it appeared that Flame was Artificial and did no harm Soon after they discovered another Sail which after a vigorous resistance they also made themselves Masters of It was observed that the Captain of her called Nahodabeguia tho' he had many large wounds did not bleed He being stripped and a Gold Bracelet taken from him the blood presently gushed out It was found that in the Bracelet was set a Stone which in the Kingdom of Siam is taken out of certain Creatures called Cabrissas and has wonderful Virtue to stanch Blood The Fleet arrived at Malaca on the first of July After a vigorous Resistance made by the Inhabitants the City submitted to the King of Portugal Thus Christianity was disfused into the utmost limits of the Earth In Italy the Authority of the See Apostolick was much impaired by reason of the Schism that was like to be The Pope leaving the War Returned to Rome and there to oppose the Designs of the Schismatick Cardinals summoned a General Council to meet in the Church of S. John Lateran on the 19th of April of the following Year In that Council among other things he proposed to declare that the present Queen of France was not lawful Wife to that King and that the Provinces of Normandy and Guiene belonged to the King of England the People thereof being consequently absolved of their Oath of Allegiance taken to the French King This was in order to strike a Terror into that King He hereupon began to give Ear to a Peace with the Venetians but at last thought better to stick to the Council of Pisa which the Emperor desired should be removed to Verona or Trent The French King who influenced this Affair would not consent but hastened the Cardinals to open the Council at Pisa but they delayed and proposed to be reconciled to the Pope At Rome the Pope deprived the four Cardinals Carvajal Cosenza S. Malo and Bayzeux of all their Dignities tho' at first the College opposed it and some excused them affirming the
The Earl of Muro Governour of Apulia was commanded to go and reside at his Government and Michael de Ajerve to the Mountain of Abruzzo All had Orders to favour the Execution of Justice CHAP. VIII The Death of the Queen of France Truce betwixt France and Spain prolong'd The Affairs of Portugal ON the 9th of January 1514. dy'd the Queen of France Among others sent to condole with that King was F. Bernard de Mesa Bishop of Trin̄opoli from Queen Germana he had also Orders to sollicite for the Dukedom of Nemours and Lordship of Narbonne to which the Queen was Heiress upon the Death of her Brother Gaston de Foix. Ramiro Nun̄o de Guzman was sent Ambassador to Rome by King Ferdinand By the way on the 5th of March he concluded a Treaty with the Genoeses by which the King was obliged to protect that State and they to assist the King At the same time the Adornos were treating with the Swiss about changing the Government of that City In France the Bishop of Trinopoli again revived the Discourse of marrying that King's youngest Daughter to Prince Ferdinand in Order to a Peace and also of matching the King of France then a Widdower with Ellenor Sister to Prince Charles The Emperor and Venetians at last referred the Decision of the Differences between them to the Pope yet so that King Ferdinand should approve of his Decision On the 18th of March the Pope Decreed that the Emperor should keep Verona and Vincenza and the Venetians Bressa and Bergamo they paying down to the Emperor 250000 Duccats and 30000 yearly Before the Catholick King 's Approbation could be had the Venetians declared they would not stand to that Decision The Truce between Spain and France was prolonged for a Year more in order to conclude a Peace The Dauphin was against this Truce fearing lest if a Peace followed he might lose the Dukedom of Milan The Emperor was rather for it his Thoughts being bent against the Venetians But the King of England was so offended that on the 7th of August he concluded a League Defensive and Offensive with the King of France without making any mention of the King his Father-in-Law Luis Carroz the Spanish Ambassador at that Court laboured to appease the King as did Queen Catherine but all in vain Soon after D. Luis Carroz returned to Spain and the Bishop of Trinopoli went over from France to succeed him In Lombardy the Viceroy by Storm took Citadela a very strong Town between Padua and Treviso Prosper Colona with the Duke of Milan's Forces besieged Crema which was well defended for the Venetians by Renço Cherri Garcia Manrique lay at Robigo with some Companies of Men at Arms. Albiano who watched all Opportunities to revenge his Losses surprized them by night the Spaniards surrendred themselves and Garcia Manrique with the other Officers were sent Prisoners to Vincenza Renço Cherri sallied out of Crema by Night and setting upon part of the Duke's Forces commanded by Silvio Sabelo put them to the Rout and went himself to Bergamo which he took without any Resistance the Spaniards retiring into the Castle On the first of November came the Viceroy to their Relief and Renço seeing no Possibility of holding out surrendred the City upon Articles About the sametime the Castle of Lanterna at Gonoa which till now had held out for the French was delivered to Duke Octavian Fregoso Let us turn back a little The Great Turk having put an end to the War with his Brothers and the Sofi Ismael who took their part was fitting out above 150 Galleys and designed them against Italy It was supposed he woul invade by the way of Marca Ancona which belongs to the Church The Pope laboured to bring the Emperor Kings of England France Spain and Portugal and the Dukes of Milan and Genoa into a League Offensive and Defensive against the Turks but after he had made a great Progress herein it all fell to nothing Private Quarrels hindred those Princes from uniting and other Wars diverted the Turk from his Designs upon Christendom Only the King of Portugal enjoyed Peace and Prosperity being enriched with the Trade of India and successful in his Conquests in Africk About the end of the last Year he sent a solemn Embassy to the Pope to make his Compliment of Obeisance As a Token of his Grandeur he also sent very rich Presents which were a Pontisical Vestment of Cloath of Gold embroidered with Pearls and precious Stones the richest that had ever been in the Treasury of S. Peter An Ounce brought from Persia wonderfully fleet which an Indian carried behind him on horseback and had taught it when he made a Sign to leap off and hunt An Elephant covered with Cloath of Gold and a Castle on his back being taught besides other things to kneel before the Prince to dance to a Pipe and to fill his Trunk with Water and sprinkle the People Also a Rhinoceros a Creature not seen in Italy in many Ages It was designed to fight with the Elephant these Creatures being naturally Enemies But the Rhinoceros was lost the Ship being cast away upon the Coast of Genoa Tristan de Acun̄a a Gentleman well versed in the Affairs of India and principal Ambassador made his publick Entry into Rome upon the 12th of March. On the 20th the Day appointed to receive Audience of the Pope James Pacheco a great Civilian and one of Acun̄a's Companions delivered himself to the Pope in this manner King Emanuel of Pertugal most holy Father has sent us to felicitate your happy Assumption to the Pontificate wishing you may enjoy it many Years for the good of the Church as we all hope it will be and also to pay his Obedience as is usual and due yet done by him with a most ready Will which may make amends for the Delay caused by many great and weighty Obstacles He also humbly makes Suit to your Holiness to cast the Eyes of your fatherly Care upon making up the Breaches of Christendom upon reconciling the Christian Princes and uniting their Forces against the common Enemy who grows upon our Losses and builds his own Grandeur upon our Ruines For what Enterprize can be more glorious or profitable than this Let the past Rage suffice For they deserve no better Stile who turn their Weapons upon themselves To this Purpose it will be very requisite the Holy Council be continued as the King earnestly desires For his own part he promises not to be wanting to the publick Cause and if requisite will not spare his own Blood in this Quarrel It is all his Study to advance the Christian Religion as appears in India where to his immortal Glory he has set up the Holy Standard of the Cross among fierce and barbarous Nations even as far as the utmost Bounds of the Earth No less has he done in Africk having there spent his Treasures and employed the Bravery of his Soldiers Of the Spoil
their King who was assisted by the German Hereticks the Kings of England and Denmark and the Dutch The Catholick Electors Kings of Spain and Poland the Pope and Princes of Italy favour'd the Emperor On the 8th of November near Prague the Rebels were overthrown and 8000 of them slain The next day the City Prague was deliver'd to the Emperor Anno 1621. Pope Paul the V. died the 28th of January Cardinal Luis of Bolonia succeeded him and took the Name of Gregory the XV. On the 15th of March following died Philip the III. King of Spain at Madrid at the Age of 43 and having Reign'd 22 Years and a half His Body was buried in the Royal Monastery of S. Laurence of the Escuriall His Son Philip the IV. succeeded him being then 16 Years of Age. The End of Mariana 's Supplement The SECOND SUPPLEMENT TO THE History of SPAIN From the Year 1621 till 1649. Written by the Reverend F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo Preacher and Historiographer of the Order of S. Augustin Anno 1621. AT the Beginning of the Year 1621 Pope Paul the 5th governed the Church Philip the 3d was King of Spain Luis the 13th of France James the 1st of England Ferdinand the 2d was Emperor F. Alonso Vinacourt Master of Malta Antony Prioli Doge of Venice and Osman Emperor of Constantinople These were the Princes that ruled at the Beginning of the Year which before its End shewed the Instability of worldly Affairs in the Death of some of these Potentates Pope Paul the 5th departed this Life the 28th of January being 66 years of Age and having reigned 15 Years and 9 Months In his Place was elected on the 9th of February Alexander Ludovisius Cardinal and Archbishop of Bolonia being then 76 years of Age who took the Name of Gregory the 15th D. Emanuel de Azevedo y Zuniga Count de Monterrey went in the Catholick King 's Name to yield Obedience to him Upon Ashwednesday being the 31st of March the Great Monarch Philip the 3d of Spain changed this Life for a better He was a most singular Prince for Piety and Vertue and the best beloved of any that has held these Kingdoms His Death was in the 43d Year of his Age and 23d of his Reign King Philp the 4th as soon as he heard of his Father's Death took upon him the Government and began to act with greater Wisdom than could have been expected of his tender years He ordained that all Ministers of State should give in an Estimate of what they were worth when they first came to serve On the 22d of June he opened the Cortes at Madrid being 16 years of Age when he began his Reign as born the Year 1605 upon Good-Friday at Midnight Cardinal Bellarmine died at Rome September the 17th a Person of extraordinary Piety and Learning as appears by his Books against the Hereticks of our times and for the use of all other Persons Of two Galleons that came out of India one arrived safe at Lisbon the other fought 3 days with several Turks and having sunk 7 was himself at last burnt the loss was valued at above 2 Millions besides 600 Souls Other 13 Sail of Infidels being met in the Streights by D. Frederick the Admiral he sunk 9 took 2 and 2 fled The same D. Frederick with only 9 Ships fought 18 Hollanders at the Mouth of the Streights with good Success Upon the 21st of October D. Roderick Calderon was beheaded in the great Market-place of Madrid after he had been 2 years and a half Prisoner at Valladolid Much has been writ about him by the Name of Marquis of 7 Churches and his Wife had the publick Tears of all Persons to comfort her He himself was a rare Example of Patience and Constancy which lifted him above his Fortune Anno 1622. D. John Manrique Viceroy of Oran this Year several times defeated the Moores by which means their Insolency was abated At Rome in February 3 Suns were seen two of which were very small Xongusama Emperor of Japan provoked by the Villanous Insinuations of the Hollanders in hatred to the Catholick Religion caused diligent search to be made after the Preachers thereof and put to Death 125 of them burning alive 11 Dominicans 8 Augustinians 5 Franciscans and 9 Jesuits Osman the Great Turk invaded Poland with a mighty Army but having lost 160000 Turks in eleven several Battels he had with Prince Vladislaus returned with Shame to Constantinople There it being given out that he intended to remove his Court to Grand Caire the Janizaries mutinying put him into the Castle of the 7 Towers where they murdered him and taking out his Uncle Mustapha who was kept Prisoner there proclaimed him Emperor Anno 1623. Pope Gregory the 15th departed this Life at Rome July the 8th and on the 6th of August Cardinal Barberino was chosen in his Place and took the Name of Vrban the 8th This Year also died D. Peter de Castro y Quin̄ones Archbishop of Sevil at the Age of 102 years Charles Prince of Wales Son to King James of England set out of London in a Disguise and at Paris whither he went Post saw the King and Queen at Dinner without being known Thence he departed and came to Madrid by the Post March the 17th taking up his Lodging at the English Embassador's who gave notice of his Arrival to Count Gondamar and he to the Duke de Olivares That Afternoon the Marquis of Buckingham went to visit him and gave him the reason of the Prince's coming to Spain The King caused him to remove to S. Hierom from whence he conducted him to the Court giving him the right-hand He was entertained with all the Majesty and Grandeur imaginable The Business he came about which was to marry the Princess Mary was canvassed but he proposing among other Articles the restoring of the Elector Palatin whom the Emperor had expelled for his Rebellion the Treaty was broke off and he returned to England dissatisfied but without reason The King of Persia with the assistance of the English took the City Ormuz a most important Place in the Gulph of Persia being the great Mart of Europe Asia and Africk D. James Pimentel General of the Gallies of Naples near Sardinia discovered 6 Sail of Turks whom he fought and took but with the loss of his Life having received a Musket-shot of which he died the 4th of October Mustapha the new Sultan being judged incapable to govern so great an Empire the Janazaries deposed him and set up in his Place Amurat Brother to Osman whom they had before murdered Anno 1624. This Year the Kingdoms of Grand Cathay and Tibet were discovered They lye beyond India bordering upon China on the North-side and are very large delightful and plentiful Countries The People abhor the Mahometans and scoff at the Pagans They have particular Ceremonies of their own and many Priests whom they call Lambas some
the two Crowns A great Earthquake Orders of St. Hierome and St. Isidort 1374. French Spaniards besiege Bayonne 1375. Pope Gregory the XIth returns to Rome after the Papal Chair had been 70 Years at Avignon 1376. Frederick the IId of Sicily dies A general Peace in Spain 1377 The French invade Navarre Castile at variance with Navarre 1378 Marriages of K. Henry's Bastards Schism in the Church Troubles in Portugal 1379 Navarre and Castile make Peace Death of K. Henry Mahomet K. of Granada dies John succeeds to the Crown of Castile Castilian Fleet ravages the Coasts of Britany 1380. Great Floods Charles K. of France dies Charles the VIth succeeds Leo K. of Armenia in Spain A Schlsm Pr. Ferdinand born in Castile 1381. Pope Clement own'd in Castile Charles Duke of Durrazzo crown'd K. of Naples English joyn with Portugal against Castile 1382. Rebellion suppress'd Articles betwixt Castile and Portugal Death of the Qu. of Castile 1383. Marriage of the K. of Castile with the Princess of Portugal Ferdinand King of Portugal dies Divisions in Portugal about the Succession of the Crown King John of Castile proclaimed K. at Lisbon Portugueses that favour'd the K. of Castile The Master of 〈◊〉 a Bastard aspires to the C own of Portugal Lisbon besieged The Siege raised 1385. John the Bastard proclaim'd K. of Portugal Castilian Fleet ravages the Coast of Portugal K. John of Castile makes his Will Famous Battel of Aljubarota Castilians defeated All Portugal submits to John the Usurper Another verthrow of the Castilians France and Navarre joyn with Castile The Duke of Lancaster lands at Corunna Death of 3 Kings Of Peter K. of Aragon Charles Inherlts the Crown of Navarre John crown'd K. of Aragon Peace establish'd betwixt the English and Castilians 1388. Kings of Castile and Navarre meet Heir of Castile made Prince of Austurias Truce with Portugal 1390. Acts of the Cortes of Castile Truce with the Moors of Granada Pious Gifts of the K. of Castile K. John of Castile kill'd by fall from his Horse Qualities of King John of Aragon French invade Aragon 1391. Henry the IIId proclaimed K. of Castile K. John of Castile his last Will. Form of Government of Castile during the Kings Minority Strife among the Nobility of Castile They raise Forces They agree The Cortes settle the Government 1392. A Mutiny at Sevil. The War with Portugal breaks out again Troubles among the Moors K. John of Portugal his Issue Discord continues in Castile 1393. Truce with Portugal for 15 Years Arch bishop of Toledo arrested by the King Nobility of Castile reconcil'd Sicily reduc'd under the Dominion of Aragon K. Henry takes upon him the Government Biscainers invade the Canary Islands Cortes meet at Madrid 1394. The Plague at Madrid Discontents among the Nobility of Castile The Master of Alcantara cut off by the Moors Rebellion in Old Castile Mutinous Lords submit Fresh Troubled in Castile quleted Pope Clement dies the Schism continues Benedict the XIIIth chosen Pope 1395. Strange Death of K. John of Aragâ—â— Martin K. of Aragon â— Elleâ—â—â— of Navarre returns to her Husband Earl of Gijon declar'd Traytor The Archbishop of Santiago flies to Portugal The Earl of Faux invades Aragon 1396. Turks pass over into Europe Joseph K. of Granada his strange Death Mahâ—met Usurps Badajoz taken by the Portugueses 1397. Franciscan Fryars preach to the Moors of Granada 1398. Truce with Portugal renew'd Paul de Cartagenâ— famous for Learning Plague in Spain and France and great Floods French expell'd Aragon 1399. Works of Peter Tenâ—rio Archbishop of Toledo 1400. Plague in Spain Violante Daughter to the K. of Aragon marryed to Luis Duke of Anjoâ— 1401. Mary Q. of Sicily dies 1402. Tamerlan the Tatrar his exploits Embassies betwixt Tamerlan and the K. of Castile 1403. Great Floods The King of Navarre uses means to recover his Possessions in France 1404. Boniface the Pope dies and Innocent the VIIth is chosen at Rome Jews and Moors distinguish'd in Castile 1406. The Battle of Collejarts Cortes held in Castile Innocent the Pope dies at Roâ—◠〈◊〉 Gregory the XIIth is chosen Henry K. of Castile dies A notable Action of K. Henry 1407. K. Henry's Will Wonderful modesty of Prince Ferdinand who refuses the Crown being offer'd to him John the IId an Infant proclaim'd K. of Castile Aragon left without Heirs Government of Prince Ferdinand of Castile Government divided betwixt the Queen and Prince Victory of the Christians by Sea Luis Duke of Orleans murder'd 1408. Cortes of Castile grant suplies for War with the Moors D. Alvaro de Luna who he was Pope Benedict forsaken 1046. Alexander the Vth chosen Pope Animosities against Prince Ferdinand of Castile Martin K. of Sicily dies Martin K. of Aragon marries Pretenders to the Crown of Aragon Dispute concerning the Crown of Aragon Prince Ferdinand marches against the Infidels 1410. Moors overthrown Pope Alexander dies John the XXIIId is chosen Martin K. of Aragon dies Race of the Earls of Barcelona extinct Several Towns taken by the Christians A Love Adventure AnteqÌ„ueraÌ„ taken by Storm The Castle surrendred Turbulent State of Christendom Aragon divided about the Succession 1411. K. John of Portugal his Government Confusions in Aragon Judges appointed to decide the Right to the Crown of Aragon Earl of Vrgel's Pretensions Ferdinand declared King of Aragon by the Judges He is proclaim'd at â—aragoca Settles the Affairs of Aragon Archimbaud Earl of Faux his Death and Issue The new King's Actions K. Ferdinand and Pope Benedict meer 1413. He besieges the Earl of Vrgel in Balaguer The Earl surrenders himself Application for uniting the Church Ferdinand crown'd at Zaragoca King Ferdinand confers with Pope Benedict Council of Constance Jews converted 1415. Pope John forced to quit the Papacy Marriage of the Prince of Aragon with the Princess of Castile Ceuta taken by the Portugueses Interview of Princes at Perpignan Pope Benedict disown'd in Aragon 1416. Ferdinand of Aragon dies New Troubles in Castile 1417. John Hus and Hierome of Prague burnt Martin the Vth. chosen Pope The Canaries conquered Henry the Vth of England invades France Catherine Queen of Castile dies John King of Castile govern'd by the Archbishop of Toledo Marriages of Princes 1419. Nobility of Castile raise Tumults King John's Character D. Alvaro de Luna the great Favourite 1420. K. John of Castile under restraint Prodigles Discoveries by Henry Infante of Portugal Alonso K. of Aragon adopted Heir of Naples K. John of Castile makes his escape 1421. Prince Henry in open Rebellion Competitors for the Kingdom of Naples 1422. Prince Henry imprison'd Alvaro de Luna made an Earl Government of Toledo altered Also at Pamplona Gaston Heir of Navarre born 1423. Truce betwixt Castile and Portugal Troubles of Naples K. Alonso of Aragon besieges the Queen of Naples in her Palace Luis Duke of Anjou adopted Heir of Naples Joseph K. of Granada dies Benedict the pretended Pope dies Alonso K. of Aragon supports an Antipope Marseilles taken
Spain Great Famine and Earth-quakes Perfidiousness of Duke Valentin The great Captain contrary to his faith given sends Duke Valentln into Spain The great Captain ill represented to the King The Emperor Archduke and King of France join in League League against the Venetians Calamities of Princes Frederick King of Naples dies Elizabeth Queen of Spain dies Differences about the Government of Castile 1505. King Ferdinand becomes odious to the People The Emperor and King Philip of Castile ratifie the Peace with France K. Ferdinand agrees with the French King Mazaliquivir in Africk taken Nobles in Castile for and against K. Philip. Accord twixt the 2 Kings Ferdinand and Philip 1506. King Philip in England Little Faith in King Fernand A bloody mutiny at Lisbon King Ferdinand Marries Queen Joanna King Philip lands in Spain King Philip declares against the Treaty with King Ferdinand Christopher Columbus dies Flemmings and Spaniards disagree Forces raised by Ferdinand Many forsake Ferdinand Ferdinand forced to quit Castile Interview of the Two Kings A League Defensive and Offensive betwixt the Two Kings of Spain Jealousie the cause of King Philip's Queen's Distemper New Troubles in Castile King Ferdinand and his Queen at Zaragoça Jealousies raised against the Great Captain King Philip dies Confusions upon the death of King Philip. Government settled for the present King Ferdinand in Italy He comes to Naples Uncertain Government of Castile Q. Joanna wholly unfit to Govern Embassies to K. Ferdinand at Naples Practices of the Emperor 1507. Q. Joanna delivered of a Daughter Mutiny at Toledo Duke Valentine slain K. John of Navarre subdues his Rebellious Subjects Treaty betwixt the Emperor and King Ferdinand Affairs of Naples setled Fâ—ench King in Italy Interview of the two Kings King Ferdinand returns to Castile The Emperor disgusted with Ferdinand The Emperor proceeds against Milan Malecontent in Andaluzia Punishment of the Mutiniers Penon in Africk taken by the Spaniards Portugueses sustain loss at Azamor but relieve Arzila Conspiracies in Castile discovered League of Cambray Soldans Fleet worsted in India Death of Henry the VII of England Henry the VIII succeeds him Oran in Africk taken Venetians set upon on all sides Venetian Army routed Padua recovered by the Venetians Navarrois and Arragonians make War Accord betwixt the Emperor and K. Ferdinand Ferdinand desires Peace with Venice 1510. Bugia and other places taken by the Spaniards Goa in India taken by the Portugueses Vincenza taken by the Imperialists The Pope seizes the Lands of the Duke of Ferrara Cortes or Parliament held at Monçon Investiture of Naples granted to K. Ferdinand D. Garcia de Toledo sent with Forces into Africk Rout of the Spaniards in Africk King Ferdinand assists the Pope Cardinals fall of from the Pope Jealousies of Princes 1511. The Pope pressed to call a general Council Agreement betwixt K. Ferdinand and the K. of England The Emperor cannot be separated from France Success of the Portugueses in India The Pope in vain labours for an accommodation with France League for defence of the Church The War in Italy King of England prepares to invade France Bergamo and Bressa return to the Obedience of the Venetians Venetians overthrown by the French King and Queen of Navarre excommunicated The French advance towards the Confederates Preparations for the Lateran Council Swissers descend into Italy Grounds of the War in Navarre The Duke of Alva enters Navarre Navarre 〈…〉 Ferdinand French decline in Italy Florence Siena and Luca join with the Confederates Great Captain forbid to pass into Italy 〈◊〉 invaded by the French 〈…〉 Bressa taken by the Viceroy Duke Maximilian Sforcia recovers Milain 1513. Pope Julius dies Leo X. chosen Peace betwixt France and Venice A Truce betwixt France and Spain Actions in Navarre Revolutions at Gema Rendezvouz of French at Aste Swisse rout the French K. Henry of England takes Theourenne and Tournay Azaomr taken by the Portugueses Venice Canonaded Queen of France dies Truce betwixt Spain and France prolonged Preparations of the Turk against Italy An Ambassador from Ethiopia arrives in Portugal Luis King of France dies 1515. Alonso de Albequerque his Actions in India 4000 Portugueses slain in Africk Milan recovered by the French Overthow of the Swiss Great Captain ordered to be apprehended Barbarossa besieges Bugia in vain Great Captain dies 1516. K. Ferdinand dies French K in Italy Swiss routed Spaniards expelled Millan K. Ferdinand dies Navarre pacified Henry King of Navarre Mary Qu. of Portugal dies Cardinal Adrian K. Charles in Spain Downfal of the Sultans of Egypt Heresy of Martin Luther K. Charles his Sister married to Emanuel K. of Portugal Maximilian dies Charles the Fifth chosen Emperor Charles the Fifth Crowned Rebellion in Spain Navarre over-run by the French French in Biscay Emanuel K. of Portugal dies Pope Leo dies Adrian chosen Pope Return of the Emperor into Spain K. Christiern expell'd Denmark Death of Pope Adrian Leo the X. chosen Pope Overthrow of the French John King of Portugal marries the Emperors Sister Francis K. of France taken by the Imperialists Accord betwixt Spain and France K. Francis released The Emperormarries the Sister of the K. of Portugal Practices against the Emperor Turks over run Hungary Rome sacked Medicis expelled Florence Prince Philip sworn Heir of Castile Naples besieged Doria quits the French tervice Composition betwixt Fra. and Spain Agreement with Portugal Vienna besieged Coronation of the Emperor Diet at Ausburg Medicis restor'd to Florence Ferdinand chosen K. of the Romans Inundations in Flanders Change of Religion in England CivilWars in Swisserland The Emperor arms a-against the Turks Pope and Emperor meet at Bolonia Pope and King of France meet at Marseilles Pope Clement dies Paul III. succeeds Tuncz taken by the Emperor French invade Savoy Emperor in France Three things remarkable Diet at Worms Diu besieged by the Turks League against the Turks Truce for 10 Years French K. and Emp. meet The Empress dies Rebellion of Ghent Ebora made an Archbishoprick Jesuits confirmed By the Pope Disputes about Religion in Germany Council of Trent Swarms of Locusts Prince Philip Governour of Spain French and Turks take Nice A great Eclipse Barbarussa ravages the Coasts of Italy Emperor and King of England in League against France Marriage of Prince Philip. Proceedings against Hereticks Council of Trent opened Martin Luther's death Disputes betwixt Catholicks and Hereticks Death of two Kings and a Qu. Overthrow of the Saxons Council of Trent breaks up Concessions for reducing Hereticks Maximilian Governour of Spain Rise of the Xerifes in Africk Pope Paul dies Julius III. Elected Council of Trent again summoned War in Flanders Hereticks at the Council of Trent S. Francis Xaverius Turkish Fleet at Naples Siena expells the Imperialists Edward K. of England dies Birth of Prince Sebastian of Portugal Mary Qu. of England Marries Philip Pr. of Spain Julius dies Marcellus succeeds he dies and Paul IV. is chosen Pope Siena surrendred to the Emperor Abdication of the Emperor Truce betwixt France and
The Original of the Knights of Santiago The taking of Cuenca by the Christians Increase of the Knights of Santiago or St. James the Apostle Several places in Navarre taken by the Castilians THE Moors were so pressed by the Aragonians that they had no place of safety Along the River Alga the Towns of Favara Maella Fresneda and others were taken from them On the River Ebro the strong Town of Caspe A great number of them had retired to the Mountain Idubeda thinking the natural strength of the place would secure them but thence also they were driven by the Valour of the Christians So that from this time the Dominion of the Moors extended no farther than the Borders of the Kingdom of Valoncia At the same time Peter de Açagra Son to Roderick de Açagra before spoken of and Lord of Estela for some signal Service done to Lope King of Murcia had the strong Town of Albarazin seated on an uncoth Mountain near the Springs of Tagus given him This place was soon after made a Bishoprick and annexed to the Province of Toledo Both the Kings of Castile and Aragon were offended at Peter de Açagra the latter pretending that City was within the limits of his Conquest whereas Peter would do Homage for it to no Man The other complained he had taken some Castles belonging to him and therefore both agreed with their joint Forces to destroy Albarazin For the more strengthening of this League cautionary Towns were given on both sides the King of Aragon had Agreda Cervera and Aguilar he of Castile Aranda Borgia and Arguedo It was also concluded that Hariza and its Castle should be delivered to the King of Castile in pursuance of the former Capitulation But because Nun̄o Sanchez delivered it without a Special Order the two Kings fell at Variance which yet went no further than Words This discord gave Peter de Açagra time to strengthen himself for neither of the Kings attack'd him He of Aragon despising the Match that had been made by his Father with the Daughter of Castile sent Embassadors to Emanuel Commenus Emperor of Constantinople to desire his Daughter in Marriage Some troubles were at this time in Aragon on occasion that William Aguillon Lord of Tarragona had killed Hugo Bishop of that City for maintaining the Priviledges of his Church The death of Hugo fell on the 22th of April in the Year 1171. which Year was also remarkable for the Death of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury in England who was Murdered on the same score afterwards Canonized by Pope Alexander III. and soon honoured as a Saint in Spain Lope King of Murcia dy'd in the Year 1172. The King of Aragon thought this a fit opportunity to make his advantage of and entring the Kingdom of Valencia obliged that King to buy a Peace and promise for the future to pay double the Tribute he had payed before Thence the Aragonian pass'd into the Country of Murcia and lay'd Siege to the City Xativa which he was forced to quit when it was upon the point of surrendring being called away to defend his own Country against the Navarrois who made War upon him Hereupon a Truce was concluded with the King of Murcia upon Condition he should pay the same Tribute his Father had agreed to This done the King marched towards Navarre in a rage yet they came not to a Battle but he wasted that Country on the side of Tudela and took the Town of Argueda This hap'ned towards the end of the Year In the beginning of the next being 1173. the War was continued and the Aragonians utterly destroy'd the Town of Milagro betwixt Calahorra and Alfaro from whence much harm had been done in the Lands of Aragon Petronilla Mother to the King of Aragon dy'd on the Third of October the same Year at Barcelona On the 18th of January 1174. the Marriage was at last consumatted at Zaragoça betwixt the King of Aragon and Sancha Sister to him of Castile as had been agreed long before by their Parents the King of Aragon now upon second Thoughts perferring the Alliance of Castile before that of a Foreign and remote Emperor At the same time the Grecian Emperor's Daughter arrived at Montpellier in France where understanding how she was disappointed she Marry'd the Lord of that City About this time the Order of the Knights of Santiago or St. James the Apostle began first to be taken notice of and by degrees from a small beginning are now risen to a Regal Grandeur When the Sepulcher of St. James the Apostle was first discovered the devotion of the place drew many Pilgrims and many were deterred by the badness of the ways and danger of the Moors For taking away these Obstacles the Cannons of St. Eloy built many Hospitals on the road and one to be the Chief of the rest at Leon. This at first mov'd many good People to bestow great Riches upon them Afterwards some that had served in the Wars joined their stocks and lived under certain Rules like Religious Men. These by the industry of Cardinal Jacintus the Popes Legate joyned with the Canons of St. Eloy who had a Convent without the Town of Compostella and sent Commissioners to Rome to Pope Alexander for the obtaining his approbation of their new institution which was to be regulated according to the rule of St. Augustin observed by those Canons Pero Fernandez de Puente Encalada was the chief of these Commissioners who obtained the Pope's Bull approving their design and assigning them Rules to observe The Bull bears date July the 5th 1175 Pero Fernandez himself was Constituted the first great Master of the Order The Badge of the Knights is a White Cloak with a red Cross made in the manner of a Sword The Hospital of St. Mark at Leon was assigned them for their Monastery Their Possessions in Castile were very large among others they had the Towns of Vcles Mora Estriana Almodovar Larunda and Santa Cruz de la Zarça near Ocen̄a in the Year 1176. King Alonso of Castile being of Age and resolving to be revenged on the Kings of Leon and Navarre for the wrongs they had done him in his Minority before he took the Field made his Vows to God in Toledo and gave the Towns of Illescas and Hazan̄a to that Church This done he entred the Territory of Rioja as far as Ebro and having wasted the Borders of Navarre turn'd back and bent his Force against the Kingdom of Leon where he burnt and plundered all the Country the King his Unkle being too weak to withstand him The King of Leon vented his Anger upon the new Knights of St. James supposing they favoured their old Master the King of Castile and therefore drove them out of his Dominions and obliged them to fly to Castile for protection Soon after King Ferdinand repented but it was too late however by the Mediation of Prelates a Truce was
of Granada Andrew de Cuesta Bishop of Leon D. Martin de Ayala of Segovia D. James de Covarrubias of Cuidad Rodrigo and D. Antony Augustin of Lerida Of the Divines the most remarkable were the Fathers James Lainez Alonso Salmeron and Peter de Soto of the Order of S. Dominick a Learned and Pious Man He died at Trent in his old Age He was under a cloud at Rome Salarraez King of Argiers this year laid Siege to Oran and Mazalquivir The Earl of Alcaudete was in Oran and his Brother D. Martin de Cordova in Mazalquivir both of them behaved themselves with much Bravery but the Defence of Mazalquivir which was hardest press'd will ever be famous D. John de Mendoça General of the Spanish Galleys coming thither raised the Siege Anno 1564. John Calvin died at Geneva the 19th of May Theodorus Beza succeeded him former wicked but the latter if possible worse To discover how wicked a Man Beza was it suffices to read his Love Poems By them it appears he was a fit Head for the Sect he professed D. Garcia de Toledo Marquis of Villafranca Son to D. Peter de Toledo who was Viceroy of Sicily and Admiral of Spain this Year on the 6th of September near the City Velez on the Coast of Africk took from the Moores the strong Castle El Pen̄ol built formerly by Count Peter Navarro but at this time possessed by the Moores On the 25th of July the Emperor Ferdinand died at Vienna His Son Maximilian the second of the Name succeeded him Anno 1565. D. Luis de Biamonte Earl of Lerin and Constable of Navarre departed this Life without leaving any Issue-Male and D. James de Toledo younger Son to Duke of Alva Marrying his Daughter Brianda inherited all his Estate Thus ended that Family which for many Years had disturb'd the Kingdom always opposing the natural Kings from whom it was descended Elizabeth Queen of Spain with the consent of the King her Husband went to the Frontiers of France as far as the City Bayonne in Guienne where she spent 17 days with her Mother and Brothers and then returned into Spain At the same time the Island of Malta began to be infested by the Turkish Fleet. Three Months were spent in the Siege many Knights and a great number of the Enemy were slain and among them the Pyrate Dragut taken off with a Cannon-Ball At last the Turks understanding that D. Garcia de Toledo Viceroy of Sicily was coming to the Relief of the Besieged they raised the Siege and sailed off having sustained great loss In Spain in pursuance of the Decrees of the Council of Trent many Synods were held the principal were those of Toledo Salamanca and Braga In that of Toledo was the Bishop of Siguença D. Peter de la Gasca and among the Deputies for the Church of Cuenca D. Alonso Ramirez de Vergara a Man very much noted for Learning and Piety and extreamly Charitable especially towards the Jesuits for whom he built at his own Cost a Colledge at Alcala whither his Bones were translated with much Solemnity on the 25th of October 1621. to a stately Church there built by the Ladies Mary and Katherine de Mendoça The Body of the Martir S. Eugenius first Bishop of Toledo was with great Solemnity brought from the Monastery of S. Denis near Paris and arrived at Toledo the 18th of November The King was present at the Feast with all the Royal Family the Princes Rodulphus and Ernestus Sons to the Emperor and the Bishops who were Assembled at the Synod Pope Pius the Fourth departed this Life the 10th of December Anno 1566. Cardinal Michael Gislerius born at Boschio in the Territory of Alexandria a City of Lombardy and of the Order of S. Dominick was on the 7th of January chosen Pope He took the Name of Pius V. and Govern'd the Church 6 Years 3 Months and 23 Days His Life and Conversation were so Holy few have been to compare to him The Catholick King was in the Forest of Balsain by reason of the heat of the Summer when on the 12th of August the Queen was deliver'd of a Daughter called Elizabeth Clare Eugenia Solyman the Great Turk had laid Siege to Sigeth a strong but small Town in Hungary before it could be reduced he died but yet his Army afterwards took the place He left his Son Selymus the Second his Heir Margaret Dutchess of Parma the Catholick King 's Sister Govern'd the Low Countries for him the Hereticks contemned her because she was a Woman and consequently those Provinces began to Mutiny Many extraordinary Insolencies were committed in several Places but most they raged against the Images of Saints that were in the Churches The Queen of Scotland flying the Rebellion of her Subjects at Home was forc'd into England where upon false Informations contrary to all Human and Divine Laws she was cast into Prison Anno 1567. The Archbishop of Toledo after his Case had depended many Years was by Order of Pope Pius the Fifth sent to Rome where he arrived the 28th of May and was sent Prisoner to the Castle of Santangelo till Judgment should be given The Rebellion in Flanders ran high and continued for several Years D. Ferdinand of Toledo Duke of Alva was sent by the King to quench this Fire Soon after his arrival the Princess Margaret went away for Italy and the Counts of Horn and Egmont were taken up by the Duke The Rebel Hereticks in France besieged Paris The Constable Montmorancy marched to raise the Siege They came to a Battel near St. Denis where the Catholicks got the Victory but with the Death of the Constable The Enemy with the Admiral their General were put to flight Count Aremberg who came from Flanders with 4000 Burgundians to the Assistance of the Catholicks was very instrumental in obtaining this Victory Anno 1568. On the 7th of March the Bodies of the Holy Martyrs Pastor and Justus were brought from Huesca and interr'd at Alcala de Henares where they suffered and were born The principal Ring-leader of the Rebellion in the Low Countries was the Prince of Orange who fearing to meet with what he deserv'd was fled His Brother Count Luis with several Companies of Germans entred West-Frizeland Count Aremberg with his Forces and the Spanish Regiment of D. Gonçalo de Bracamonte march'd against him but being too hasty in charging was overthrown The Count and many more being slain the rest fled to Groningen through the Marishes the Country being overflow'd by reason the Dikes were broken Count Egmont and Count Horn being convicted of Treason as is believed very wrongfully were by the Duke of Alva's Order executed at Brussels They were publickly Beheaded on the 4th of June and to prevent the People Mutinying they were strongly guarded to the Scaffold and all the Streets lined This Execution rather incensed than appeased the People This done the Duke of Alva march'd against the