it is no maruell if the walles be and haue bene beaten downe and if there be breaches and clifts in many places Of the mines that the Turks made and how they ouerthrew part of the bulwarke of England ANd because as it is sayd before that the greatest hope that the enemies had to get the towne of Rhodes was by mining therefore now after that I haue spoken of the gunshot and beatings I shall shew of the mines that the Turks made the which were in so great quantity and in so many places that I beleeue the third part of the towne was mined and it is found by account made that there were about 60 mines howbeit thanked be God many of them came not to effect by occasion of the countermines that they within made and also trenches that the right prudent lord the great master caused to be made deepe within the ditches vnto two or three foot of water The which trenches and certaine pits that he had caused in the sayd ditches to be wrought or the host arriued serued right well since for night and day there were men in them to watch and hearken when the enemies mined for to meet them and cut their way as was done many times And for to speake of the mines that had effect and damaged vs it is to wit that the fourth day of September about foure houres after noone the enemies put fire in two mines one was betweene the posterne of Spaine and Auuergne which did no hurt but to the Barbican The other was at the bulwarke of England which was so fell and strong that it caused most part of the town to shake and cast down a great part of the sayd bulwarke at the spring of the day and by the earth and stones that fell into the ditches the enemies came vpon the bulwarke with their banners and fought sore and mightily with our men not with hands but with shot of handgunnes The lord great master that was come 15 dayes or more with his succours to the sayd bulwarke went with his company to helpe them that fought After that they had fought the space of two or three houres the enemies repelled and driuen backe by our men from the sayd bulwarke and beaten with ordinance on euery side withdrew them with their losse fhame and damage And this was the first victory that our lord gaue vs and there abode of our enemies a thousand and more When this assault was done they made another at the breach in the wall of Spaine and mounted vpon it but the ordinance of the trauerses of the walles and of the houses made so faire a riddance that they were very willing to withdraw themselues for at the retreat and also at their comming the sayd ordinance of the bulwarke did them great damage albeit that they had made some repaire of earth Of our men died that day 25 or thereabout aswell knights as other And the same day in the morning departed out of this world Gabriel de Pomerolles lieutenant to the lord master which on a certaine day before fell from the wall as he went to see the trenches in the ditches and hurt his breast and for fault of good attendance he fell into a feuer whereof he died How the Turks assailed the bulwarke of England and how they were driuen away THe ninth day of the sayd moneth at seuen in the morning the enemies put fire in two mines one at the posterne of Prouence which had none effect the other was at the bulwarke of England whâ—ch felled another piece nigh to that that was cast downe atorr And the sayd mine was as fierce as the other or more for it seemed that all the bulwarke went downe and almost all they that were in it ranne away And when the sâ—anderd of the religion came into the sayd bulwarke the enemies were at the breach ready to haue entred but wheâ— they saw the sayd standerd as people lost and ouercome they went downe againe Then the artillery of the bulwarke of Quosquino and of other places found them well enough and slew many of them Howbeit their captaines made them to returne with great strokes of swordes and other weapons and to remount vpon the earth fallen from the sayd bulwarke and pight seuen banners nigh to our repaire Then our men fought with morispikes and fired speares against them the space of three whole houres till at the last they being well beaten with great ordinance and small on euery side withdrew themselues And of their banners our men gate one for it was not possible to get any more for assâ—one as any of our men went vp on our repaires he was slaine with small gunnes of the trenches and holes made in the walles of our ditches And there was slaine of our enemies that day at the assault 2000 of meane men and three persons of estate which lay dead along in the ditch with faire and rich harnesse And it was reported to vs from the campe they were three saniacbeis that is to say great sencshalles or stuarde And of Christian men of our part abode about thirty persons And this was the second victory giuen to vs the grace diuine How Sir Iohn Bourgh Turcoplier of England was slaine at an assault of the English bulwarke THe 17 day of the same moneth about midday the enemy came againe to giue another assault to the sayd bulwarke at the same place aforesayd without setting of fire in mines and brought fiue banners with them nigh to the repaires Then was there strong figâ—â—â—g on both parts and there were gotten two of their banners of the which sir Christopher Valdenare that time Castelaine of Rhodes gate one the other was in the hands of sir Iohn Bourgh Turcoplier of England chiefe captaine of the succours of the sayd posterne of England a valiant mâ—n a hardy and in holding of it he was slaine with the stroke of a handgunne which was great damage The sayd banner was recouered by one of our men And after long fighting on both sides the enemies seeing that they go nothing but stripes returned into their trenches At the sayd fray the lord prior of S. Giles pre Iohn was hurt thorow the necke with a handgun and was in great danger of death but he escaped and was made whole The same day and the same houre of the sayd assault the enemies mounted to the breach in the wall of Spaine and came to the repaires to the handes of our men and fought a great while but the great quantity of artillery that was shot so busily and so sharply from our trauerses on ech side and out of the bulwarks of Auuergne and Spaine skirmished them so well that there abode as many at that assault as at the other of England well neere to the number of 5000. And they withdrew themselues with their great losse and confusion which was the third time that they were chased and ouercome thanked be our Lord which
à magno ostendit sua vela COLVMBO Haeâ— neque vicina nimiùm frigescit ab arcto Sole nec immodico in steriles torretur arenas Frigus aestatem iusto moderamine seruat Siue leues auras grati spiracula coeli Seu diae telluris opes munera curas Pone agete digno tua sceptra in honore meoquâ— Iunge salutarem propius cum littore dextram Sit mihi fas aliquam per â—esperare quietem Vicinoque bono laetum illucescere Solem. Quòd si consilijs superûm fatisque negatum est Durare immensum magna infortunia tempus Quòd si de immerita iustum est ceruice reuelli Ignarum imperij dominum populique regendi Quòd si nulla vnquam potuit superesse potestas Ni pia flexilibus pareret clementia frenis Obsequium A miti quae sita potentia CYRO Amissa est saeuae soboli Parcendo subegit Tot reges MACEDVM virtus tot postera sensim Abscidit a parto tandem inclementia regno Et quod ROMVLEIS creuit sub patribus olim Imperium dirisemper minuêre NERONES A report of the voyage and successe thereof attempted in the yeere of our Lord 1583 by sir Humfrey Gilbert knight with other gentlemen assisting him in that action intended to discouer and to plant Christian inhabitants in place conuenient vpon those large and ample countreys extended Northward from the cape of Florida lying vnder very temperate Climes esteemed fertile and rich in Minerals yet not in the actuall possession of any Christian prince written by M. Edward Haies gentleman and principall actour in the same voyage who alone continued vnto the end and by Gods speciall assistance returned home with his retinue safe and entire MAny voyages haue bene pretended yet hitherto neuer any thorowly accomplished by our nation of exact discouery into the bowels of those maine ample and vast countreys extended infinitely into the North from 30 degrees or rather from 25 degrees of Septentrionall latitude neither hath a right way bene taken of planting a Christian habitation and regiment vpon the same as well may appeare both by the little we yet do actually possesse therein by our ignorance of the riches and secrets wiâ—hâ—n those lands which vnto this day we knâ—w chiefly by the trauell and report of other nations and most of the French who albeit they can not challenge such right and interest vnto the sayd countreys as we neither these many yeeres haue had oâ—portunity nor meanes so great to discouâ—r and to plant being veâ—ed with the calamities of iâ—testâ—â—e warres as we haue had by the inestimable benefit of our long and happy peace yet haue they both waies performed more and had long since attained a sure possession and setled gouernment of many prouinces in â—hose Northerly parts of America if their many attempts into those forren and remote lands had not bene impeached their garboils at home The first discouery of these coasts neuer heard of â—efore was well begun by Iohn Cabot the father and Sebastian his sonne an Englishman borne who were the first finders out of all that great tract of land stretching from the cape â—f Florida vnto those Islands which wâ— now call the Newfoundland all which they brought and anâ—eâ—rd vnto the crowne of England Since when if with like diligence the seaâ—ch of inland countreys had bene follâ—wed as the discouery vpon the coast and out-parts therof was performed by those two men no doubt her Maiesties territories and reuenue had bene mightily inlarged and aduanced by this day And which is more the seed of Christian râ—ligion had bene fowed amongst those pagans which by this time might haue brought foorth a most plâ—ntifull haruest and copious congregation of Christians which must be the chiefe intent of such as shall make any attempt that way or els whatsoeuer is builded vpon othâ—r foundation shall neuer obtaine happy successe nor continuance And although we can not precisely iudge which onely belongeth to God what haue bene the humouâ—s of men stirred vp to great attempts of discouering and planting in those remote countreys yet the euents do shew that either Gods cause hath not bene chiefly preferred by them or els God hath not permitted so abundant grace as the light of his word and knowledge of him to be yet reuealed vnto those infidels before the appointed time But most aâ—â—uredly â—he only cause of religion hitherto hath kept backe and will also bring forward at the time assâ—â—neâ— by God an effectuall and compleat discouery possession â—â— Christians both of those ample countreys and the riches within them hithâ—rto concealed â—hereof notwithstanding Gâ—d in his wisdome hath permitted to be reuealed frâ—m tiâ—e to time a certaine oâ—scure and mâ—sty knowledâ—e by little and little to allure the mindes of men that way which els will be dull enough in the zeale of his cause and thereby to prepare vs vnto a readinesse for the execution of his wâ—ll against the due tâ—me ordâ—inedâ— of calling those pagans vnto Christâ—anity In the meane while â—t behâ—oueth euery man of great calling in whom is any instinct of inclination vnto this atâ—â—mpâ— to â—â—amine his owne motions which is the same proceed of ambitâ—on or auarice hâ— may assure himselfe it commeth not of God and therefore can not haue câ—nfidence of Gods protection and assistance against the â—iolence els irresistable both oâ— sea and infinite perils vpâ—n the land wâ—om God yet may vse an instrument to further his cause and glory some way but not to build vpon so bad a foundatâ—on Othâ—rwâ—se if hâ—s motiues be dâ—riued from a bertuous heroycall minde preferring chiâ—fly the honour oâ— Godâ— compassâ—on of poore infidels captiued by the deuill tyrannizing in most woonderfull and dreadfull maner ouer their bodies and soules aduancement of his honest and well disposed countreymen willing to accompany him in such honourable actions reliefe of sundry pâ—ople wâ—thin this realme distressed all these be honorable purposes imitating the naâ—ure of the muâ—â—ficenâ— God wheâ—with he is well pleased who will assist such an actour beyond â—xpectation of man And thâ— samâ— who feeleth this inclination in himselfe by all likelihood may hope or rather confidently râ—pose in the preordinance of God that in this last age of the world or â—ikely neuer the time is câ—mpleat of receiuing also these Gentiles into his mâ—rcy and that God will râ—ise him an instrumeâ—t to â—ffâ—ct the same it seeming probable by euent of precedent attempts made by the Spanyards and French sundry times that the countreys lyâ—ng North oâ— Florida God hath reserued the same to be reduced vnto Christian ciuility by the English nation For not long after that Christopher Columbus had discouered the Islands and continent â—f thâ— Wesâ— Indies for Spaine Iohn and Sebastian Cabot made discouery also of the rest from Florida Nortâ—wards to the behoofe of England And whensoâ—uer afterwards the Spanyards very prosperous in all their Southerne discoueries did
it should seeme for they had conueyed away as much as possibly they could ashore and set their ship on fire which so soone as we had discried we made to her with our boats and quenched the fire and loaded vp with hides the shippe which we tooke at our first comming for she had but a thousand hides in her and certeine tarres of balsamum which being accomplished wee sunke the shippe with the rest of the goods and so stood alongst againe for Truxillo It fell out to be so calme that we were two and twenty dayes sailing backe that we had sailed in sixe dayes which was about forty leagues so that when we came before Truxillo which was about the sixth of Iune we found another of the ships there but close vnder the castle her ruther vnhanged her sailes taken from the yards c. notwithstanding we entered her but they had placed such a company of musketiers vnder a rampire which they had made with hides and such like that it was too hote for vs to abide and so betaking vs to our shippes againe and standing out of the bay into the sea wee discouered great store of shot intrenched in those places where they suspected we would haue landed That night there fell such a storme of raine thunder lightening and tempestuous weather that our ships were dispersed either from other And hauing determined all of vs to meet at a certeine Island where wee purposed to water and refresh our selues by meanes of the storme and other contagious weather which followed we were frustrated of that hope We had lost our prize and certeine frigats with the men Two of our shippes went to seeke our prize and our men and other two of vs came homeward And so we parted not hearing either of other vntill we came into England Our place of meeting should haue beene at the Tortugas neere vnto the point of Florida but the Golden dragon and the Prudence were put to leeward of this place neuerthelesse wee fell with certeine islands within the point of Florida were the captaine of the Dragon M. Christopher Newport sent his pinnesse on shore with certeine shot to seeke for fresh water where wee found none but found the Sauages very courteous vnto vs who came brest high into the sea and brought vs a line to hall in our boat on shore and shewed vs that vp into the land Northward was fresh water and much golde And one Michael Bagge of Ipswich boat swaines mate of the Dragon had giuen him by one of the Sauages for an olde rusly hatchet a piece of golde wound hollow and about the bignesse and value of an English angell which the Sauage ware hanging about his knee with two pieces of fine siluer plate whereof one the sayd Sauage gaue Iohn Locke masters mate of the Dragon being foureteene groats in value for an olde knife the other piece he gaue to one William Wright a sailer for an olde knife which pieces of siluer were in forme like vnto the bosse of a bridle These Sauages were farre more ciuill then those of Dominica for besides their courtesie they couered their priuities with a platted mat of greene straw about three handfuls deepe which came round about their waste with the bush hanging downe behinde The next day in the morning very early there came a frigat of the iland of Cuba of 30 tunnes put it by weather which was bound for Hauana wherein were fifty hogges to which we gaue chase all that day passing the gulfe of Bahama and about fiue of the clocke in the afternoone after a shot or two made at her shee yeelded vnto vs wee hoisted out our boat and went aboord where we found some fiue Spanyards fiue and fifty hogs and about some two hundred weight of excellent tabacco rolled vp in seynes We lightened them of their hogges and tabacco and sent the men away with their frigat In this voyage we tooke and sacked foure townes seuenteene frigats and two ships whereof eight were taken in the bay of the Honduras of all which we brought but two into England the rest we sunke burnt and one of them we sent away with their men And to make vp the full number of twenty the Spanyards themselues set one on fire in the bay of the Honduras lest we should be masters of it We shaped our course from Florida homeward by the isle of Flores one of the Açores where we watered finding sir Iohn Burgh there who tooke vs to be Spanyards and made vp vnto vs with whom wee ioyned in the taking the mighty Portugall caracke called Madre de Dios and our captaine M. Christopher Newport with diuers of vs was placed in her as captaine by the Generall sir Iohn Burgh to conduct her into England where we arriued in Dartmouth the seuenth of September 1592. The voyage made to the bay of Mexico by M. VVilliam King Captaine M. Moore M. How and M. Boreman Owners with the Salomon of 200 tunnes and the Iane Bonauenture of 40 tunnes of Sir Henry Palmer from Ratcliffe the 26 of Ianuary 1592. THe Salomon was manned with an hundred men all mariners and the Iane with sixe and twenty all likewise mariners Wee came first to the Downes in Kent and neuer strooke saile in passing thence vntill we came to Cape S. Vincent on the coast of Portugall From thence we shaped our course to Lanceroâ—a one of the Canarie islands where we landed threescore men and fetched a carauell out of an harborow on the South side and from a small Island we tooke a demy-canon of brasse in despight of the inhabitants which played vpon vs with their small shot at our first landing of whom we slew three and gaue them the repulse Thence we went to the Grand Canaria where wee boorded a barke lying at anker out of which wee were driuen by great store of shot from the Island From thence wee directed our course for the West Indies and fell with the isle of Dominica about the tenth of April There at a watering place we tooke a shippe of an hundred tunnes come from Guiny laden with two hundred and seuenty Negros which we caried with vs to S. Iuan de Puerto Rico and there comming thorow El passaje we gaue chase to a frigat which went in to S. Iuan de Puerto Rico and in the night we sent in our shallope with fourteene men And out of the harborow we tooke away an English shippe of seuenty tunnes laden with threescore tunnes of Canary-wines in despight of the castle and two new bulwarks being within caliuer shot These two prizes we caried away to the Westermost part of the island and put the Negros except fifteene all on land in a Spanish carauell which the Iane Bonauenture tooke and we caried away one of the former prizes and set fire on the other We passed thence by the isle of Mona where we watered and refreshed our selues with potatos and plantans and so came to the isle of Saona
Sedgewick at Noâ—ogrode Masts of 30. yards An Arshine is 3. quarters of a yard or more A rope house â—râ—ted at Colmogro A tarre house Robert Austen 1558 Lampas a great mate for the Samoeds in the North. What quantitie of â—empe workmen will worke in a peere White hawks white beares prohibited without licence Master Grayes iourney to Lampas 1558 Doctor Standish the Emperours Phisition An attempt to hinder our trade to Moscouia by the Hans townes Easterlings 1559 Master Ienkensons voyage intended for Cathay The discouery of its Caspian sea Passage to and from Moscouia by Sweden This was a yong Tartar girle which he gaue to the Queene afterward Tallowe Waxe Traine oyles Sables Woluerings Luserns Lett es Ermines Squirels Flaxe Cables and ropes A proclamion against soâ—rnâ— Furres 3000. podes of Tallow a yere 500. Losh hides Note Hope of trade to be found by master Antonie Ienkinson Seale skinnes tawed Small cables best besidible Masts of all sorts to be prepared Astracan no great good marte Christopher Hodson and Thomas Glouer appointed Agents 1560. Stockholme Iohn Luck taken prisoner in Lieflando The Swallow The Philip and Marie The Iesus Nicholas Chancelour The salt of Russia is not so good as Bay salte Fore skinnes white blacke and russet vendible in England May 5. 1560. Triall by combat or loâ— Iune Heilick IslaÌ„ds in 66 degrees 40 minutes Rost Islands Malestrand a strange whirle poole Zenam Island Kettelwike Island Inger sound The North Cape Wardhouse Cattell fed with fish The Monastery of Pechinchow Arzina reca the riuer where sir Hugh Willoughbie was frozen The Lappians couered all sauing their eies The current at Cape Grace The entering of the Bay of S. Nicholas is seuen leagues broad at the least August Pinego riuer The towne of Yemps Vstiug The description of their Nassades Good counsell for trauellers December Presents vsed in Russia are all for the most part of victualâ— The citie of Boghar They arriued at Mosco M. Standish doctor of Phisicke Long dinners Ordinance in Russia A yerely triumph The hallowing of the riuer of Mosco The Russes Lent The Emperor leadeth y e Metropolitanâ— horse in procession Kissing vsed in the Greeke church With these letters M. Ienkinson tooke his voyage the same Apâ—il to Boghar The Emperours wardrobe “ Or Basilius Note The hospitalitie of their monasteries Want of preachers cause of great ignoâ—aÌ„ce and idolaâ—â—y Al their seruice to in their mother tonguâ— The women of Russia paint their faces Bâ—â—ad made of straw The vnmercifulnesse of the Russeâ— toward the poore Stooues 〈◊〉 baths vsuall with the Mascouites Reported by Thomas Bulley Cazan The Island of marchants The riuer of Cama Nagay Tartars Hords The Crimme Tartars The riuer of Samar Licoris in great plentie Astracan Store of Sturgions The length of the Island of Astracan They enter into the Caspian sea Baughleata being 74. leagues from Volga Iaic riuer Serachick The Countrie of Colmack The port of Manguslaue They goe on land The countrey of Manguslaue 20. dayes trauaile in the wildernesse with scarcitie of water Another gulfe of the Caspian sea Will de Rubricis describeth this riuer of Ardok cap. 4. Sellizure or Shayzure Letters of safe-conduct Vrgence The countrey of Turkeman The riuer of Ardock falleth into the lake of Kitay The castle of Kait Diutuation by forcerie Handguns very profitable Bussarmans Caphar The riuer of Oxus A wildernes of sande Boghar a citie of Bactria A strange worme in mens legs The coyne of Boghar Marchandise of India Marchandise of Persia. Marchandise of Russia Marchandise of Cathay Taskent Cascar He returneth the eight of March 1552. Vrgence The king of Baâ—ke oâ— Balgâ— The English flag in the Caspian sea A notable description of the Caspian sea His arriual at Mosco the 2. of September * â—râ— Vrgeâ—â—â— Angrim Mandeuille speaketh hereof Oâ—â—itay Small people Pechora but six dayes iourney by land or water from Ob. Trauelling on dogs harts 1559 The trade to Narue forbidden by the â—â— of Poland The ancient couenants of trafficke betweene England Prussia The olde libertie of trafficke The meanes of increase of the power of the Moscouite This letter was also written in Hebrew and Italian The passage of Noua Zembla Waights and drugs deliuered to M. Ienkinson The maine sea within thirtie dayes Eastward of Colmogro 1561 The Queâ—nes letters to the Emperour of Russia Request to passe into Persia thorow Moscouie Osep Napea Ambassadour from the Emperor of Russia to Q. Mary An ambassador of Persia. Astracan M. Ienkinsons voyage to Boghar He passeth the Caspian sea The countreâ— of Tumen The Island of Chatalet The land of Shiâ—uansha Derbent A mighty wall Or Tiphlis Fortie one degrees Shabran Alcan Murcy the gouernour King Obdolowcan The maiesty attire of king Obdolowcan The Queenes letters to the Sophy Casbin Multitude of concubines The description of Hircania Danger by diuersâ—tie in religion Barbarous crueltie The citie of Arrash or Erex The commodities of thiâ— countreâ— The strong castle of Gullistone defaced The towne of Yauate The city of Ardouil The city Tebâ—iâ— or Tauris M. Ienkinsons arriuall at the Sophies court 2. Nouember 1562. The Turkes Ambassadour to the Sophy The Turkes merchauntâ— withstand M. Ienkinson Shaw Thomas the Sophies name The Queeneâ— letters deliuered The Sophies questions The curtesâ—e of Shally Murzey Warres intended against the Portingalsâ— The king of Hircans sâ—cond letters in M. Ienkinsonâ— behalfe Conference with Indian Merchants M. Ienkinsons returne Priuiledges obtained of Obdolowcan which are hereafter annexed An Armenian sent to M. Ienkinson from the king of Georgia Teneruk king of Chircassi The description of Persia. The chiefe Cities of Persia. The difference of religion The 30. of May 1563. New priuileges obtained hereafter following 28. Sâ—ptemb 1564. A rubble is a marke English Casbin Leuuacta A Boserman to a Renegado Thomas Alcocke slaine in the way betweene Leuuacta and Shammaki Keselbash or Ieselbash Gillan in Persia 1565. Ieraslaue a towne vpon the riuer of Volga Richard Iohnson chiefe of the third voyage into Persia. A barke of 30. tunnes made at Ieraslaue 1564. to passe the Caspian seas 1566 They departed from Astracan the 30. of Iuly 1565. September Presents to the king Obdolowcan A hoâ—se giuen our men in Shamaki by the king The death of Abdollocan the 2. of October 1565. Mursay the new king of Media The death of Alexander Kitchin the 23. of October 1565. The Caspiaâ— sea very shoald in diuers places The murthering of Thomas Alcock Cozamomet a noble man that fauoured our nation The value of a tumen What a batman is Varas a great mart for silke Gilan 7. dayes sailing from Astracanâ— Alom Gilan 4. dayes iourney from Casbin From Casbin to Ormus a moneths trauel with camels The secret doings of the Moscouie company Orient reds of Venice die A shaugh is 6. d. English His arriual at Casbin the 25. of May. Conference demands of the Shaugh All sorts of cloth to be sent specially Westerne
the 16. day of this moneth 16 We departed from Salasalma at 8. of the clocke in the morning and came to an Island the 17. day in the morning named Vorronia where wee continued by reason of contrary winds vntill the 21. day of the said moneth and it is 60. miles from Salasalma 21 We departed from Vorronia Island two houres before day and arriued at S. Clements Monasterie at 2. of the clocke in the after noone being from Vorronia 48. miles 22 We departed from S. Clements Monasterie at the breake of the day hauing a faire wind all a long the lake we sailed without striking of saile vntil two houres within night and then entred into a riuer called Swire at a Monasterie called Vosnessino Christo fiue miles from the entrance of the riuer where we taried al night It is from S. Clements Monastery 160. miles the streame of that riuer went with vs. 23 Wee departed from Vosnessino Christo before Sunne rising and valed downe the riuer sometime sailing and sometime rowing so that this day wee went 90. miles and lay at night at a place called Vassian 24 Wee departed from Vassian at the breake of the day and came to a place called Selucax where we lay all night and is 10. miles from Vassian 25 We departed from Selucaxe at 4. of the clocke in the morning and entred vpon the Lake of Ladiskaie the winde being calme al that day sauing 3. houres and then it was with vs so that we sailed and rowed that day 10. miles along vpon the said lake and entred into the riuer of Volhuski which riuer hath his beginning 20. miles aboue Nouogrod and runneth through the midst of the Citie and so falleth into this lake which is farre longer then the lake of Onega but it is not so broad This lake falleth into the sea that commeth from the Sound where any vessel or boat hauing a good pilot may goe through the Sound into England As soone as we were entred into the riuer we came to a Monasterie called S. Nicholas Medued where we lay all that night 26 Wee departed from S. Nicholas Medued at fiue of the clocke in the morning rowing and drawing our boates all day and came at night to another Monasterie called Gosnopoli which is 30. miles from S. Nicholas Medued where we lay all that night 27 We departed from Gosnopoli at 6. of the clocke in the morning and at euening came to a place called Moislaue where we lay all night being 46. miles from the Monasterie of Gosnopoli 28 We departed from Moislaue and the saide day at night came to a place called Grussina 35. miles from Moislaue where we lodged 29 Wee departed from Grussina in the morning and the same day at euening came to a place called Petroe Suetoe where we lay all night being 40. miles from Grussina 30 We departed from Petroe Suetoe in the morning and at two of the clock in the afternoone we arriued at the Citie of Nouogrod being twentie miles from Petroe Suetoe Here we found William Rowlie Agent to the company who was there stayed with all his company and was not licenced to depart thence for the Mosco by reason that the plague was then in the Citie of Nouogrod Unto him we deliuered all the wares that wee brought from Colmogro for by the way we sold not a peny worth the people of the countrey euery where be so miserable The right way to bring and transport wares from Nouogrod to Rose Island into S. Nicholas bay where our Ships yeerely lade with the distance of miles from place to place is â—s followeth 20 Miles from Nouogrod to Petroe Suetoe 40 Miles from thence to Grusina 35 Miles from thence to Moislaue 46 Miles from thence to the Monasterie Gosnopoli 15 Miles from thence to Ladega towne 15 Miles from thence to Selunaz ouer the lake of Ladega albeit there be many villages all along the lake 180 Miles from Ladega towne vp the riuer of Swire vnto the Monasterie of Vosnessino Christo albeit there are many villages vpon the riuer for within euery fiue or sixe miles you shall haue villages or small townes 160 Miles from Vosnessino Christo to S. Clements Monastery albeit there be many villages all along the lake of Onega 48 Miles from thence to Voronia 67 Miles from thence to Toluo towne and there are diuers villages al along the lake where the carriers may lie and haue mente for man and horse 50 Miles from thence to Pouensa where Onega lake endeth The way from Pouensa to Some towne is this 30 Miles from Pouensa to Mastelina 10 Miles from thence to Tellekina 30 Miles from thence to Toluich 35 Miles from thence to Carraich 20 Miles from thence to Varnich 10 Miles from thence to Ostrouo 15 Miles from thence to Lapina 20 Miles from thence to Some it selfe Note that from the Citie of Nouogrod vnto the towne of Some is 936. miles and from the towne of Some vnto the Monasâ—erie of S. Nicholas or Rose Island ouer and against where our Ships do ride is iust as many miles as is Soroka village from S. Nicholas as the Russes doe accompt it as also we do iudge it namely 325. miles So that from Nouogrod to S. Nicholas roâ—d is by our accompt 1261. miles or versts Furthermoreâ— it is to be noted that all such wares as shall be bought at Nouogrod and sent to Some towne must be sent by sled way in the Winter for if any ware should be sent from Nouogrod by water in the spring of the yeere after the yâ—e is gone then must the said wares remaine at Pouensa towne al that Summer by reason that in the Summer there is no way to goe from Pouensa vnto Some towne At Pouensa there are many warehouses to be hired so that if there were as much goods as ten ships could cary away you might haue warehouses to put it in but if there should remaine much ware all the Summer to be caried in the Winter to Some towne then horses are not easily to be gotten at that place to cary it thither so that your wares once bought at Nouogrod you must haue cariers there to cary it to the towne of Some by Sleds whereof you may there haue 2000. if you will by the report of the Russes For from Nouogrod yerely there go many Sleds in the Winter to fetche salt from Some with carriers and emptie Sleds there to buy it and to bring it to Nouogrod to sell it in the market or otherwise From Nouogrod vnto Some towne you may haue a pâ—od of wares carried for eight pence or nine pence but in any wise your wares must bee sent from Nouogrod by the sixt of Ianuary so that the wares may bee at Some by Candlemas or soone after for if your wares should tary by the way vntill the 15. of February when the Sunne is of some power then is it dangerâ—us for the
captaine had much talke with M. Garrard of our countrey demanding where about it did lie what countreys were neare vnto it and with whom we had traffike for by the Russe name of our countrey he could not coniecture who we should be but when by the situation he perceiued we were Englishmen he demanded if our prince were a mayden Queene which when he was certified of then quoth he your land is called Enghilterra is it not answere was made it was so whereof he was very glad when he knew the certainety He made very much of them placing M. Garrard next to himselfe and Christopher Burrough with the Russie interpretour for the Turkie tongue hard by There was a Gillan merchant with him at that present of whom he seemed to make great account him he placed next to himselfe on the other side and his gentlemen sate round about him talking together Their sitting is vpon the heeles or crosse legged Supper being brought in he requested them to eate After their potage which was made of rice was done and likewise their boyled meat there came in platters of rice sodden thiâ—ke and hony mingled withall after all which came a sheepe rosted whole which was brought in a tray and seâ— before the captaine he called one of his seruitours who cut it in pieces and laying therof vpon diuers platters set the same before the captaine then the captaine gaue to M. Garrard and his company one platter and to his gentlemen another and to them which could not well reach he cast meat from the platters which were before him Diuers questions he had with M. Garrard and Christopher Burrough at supper time about their diet inquiring whether they eat fish or flesh voluntarily or by order Their drinke in those partes is nothing but water After supper walking in the garden the captaine demanded of M. Garrard whether the vse was in England to lie in the house or in the garden and which he had best liking of he answered where it pleased him but their vse was to lie in houses whereupon the captaine caused beds to be sent into the house for them and caused his kinsman to attend on them in the night if they chanced to want any thing he himselfe with his gentlemen and souldiers lying in the garden In the morning very early he sent horse for the rest of the company which should go to Derbent sending by them that went tenne sheepe for the shippe In that village there was a Stoue into which the captaine went in the morning requesting M. Garrard to go also to the same to wash himselfe which he did Shortly after their comming out of the Stoue whilest they were at breakfast M. Turnbull M. Tailboyes and Thomas Hudson the M. of the shippe came thither and when they had all broken their fasts they went to Bachu but Christopher Burrough returned to the ship for that he had hurt his leg and could not well endure that trauell And from Bachu they proceeded towards Derbent as it was by the captaine promised being accompanied on their way for their safe conduct with a gentleman and certaine souldiers which had the captaine of Bachu his letters to the Basha of Deâ—bent very friendly writâ—en in their behalfe In their iouâ—ney to Derbent they forsooke the ordinarie wayes being very dangerous and trauelled thorow woods till they came almost to the towne of Derbent and then the gentleman road before with the captaines letters to the Basha to certifie him of the English merchants comming who receiuing the letters and vnderstanding the matter was very glad of the newes and sent forth to receiue them certaine souldiers gunners who met them abouâ— two miles out of the towne saluting them with great reuerence and afterwardes road before them then againe met them other souldiours somewhat neerer the castle which likewise hauing done their salutations road before them and then came foorth noble men captaines and gentlemen to receiue them into the castle and towne As they entred the castle there was a shot oâ— twentie pieces of great ordinance the Basha sent M. Turnbull a very faire horse with furniture to mount on esteemed to be worth an hundred markes and so they were conueyed to his presence who after he had talked with them sent for a coate of cloth of golde and caused it to be put on M. Turnbulles backe and then willed them all to depart and take their ease for that they were wearie of their iourney and on the morrow he would talke further with them The next day when y e factors came againe to the presence of the Basha according to his appointment they requesteâ— him that he would grant them his priuilege whereby they might traffike safely in any part and place of his câ—untrey offering him that if it pleased his Maiestie to haue any of the commodities that they had brought and to write his mind thereof to the captaine of Bachu it should be deliuâ—red him accorâ—ingly The Bashaes answere was that he would willingly giue them his priuilege yet for that he regarded their safetie hauing come so farre knowing â—he state of his countrey to be troublesome he would haue them to bring their commodity thither there to make sale of it promising he would prouide such commodities as they needed and that he would be a defence vnto them so that they should not be iniured by any whereupon the factors sent Thomas Hudâ—on backe for y e ship to bring her to Derbent and the Basha sent a gentleman with him to the captaine of Bachu to certifie hâ—m what was determined which message being done the captaine of Bachu and the Bashaes messenger accompanied with a doozen souldiours went from Bachu with Thomas Hudson came to the ship at Bildih the 11. day of Iune After the captaine and his men had beene aboord and seene the ship they all departed presently but the gentleman messenger from y e Basha with three other Turks remained aboord and continued in the ship till she came to Derbent the latitude of Bildih by diuers obseruations is 40. degrees 25. minuts the variation of the compasse 10. degrees 40. minuts from North to West After the returne of Thomas Hudson backe to Bildih they were constrayned to remaine there with the shippe through contrary windes vntill the 16. day of Iune foure of the clocke in the morning at which time they weyed anker set saile and departed thence towards Derbent and arriued at anker against Derbent East and by South from the sayd castle in foure fathome and a halfe water the 22. day of Iune at ten of the clocke in the morning then they tooke vp their ordinance which before they had stowed in hold for easing the shippe in her rowling In the afternoone the Basha came downe to the waterside against the shippe and hauing the said ordinance placed and charged it was all shotte off to gratifie him and presently after his departure backe he permitted the
shippe fo leake that he was not able to keepe her aboue the water and therefore requested vs to go backe againe to the Iland that we might discharge her and giue her vp but we intreated him to take paine with her a while and we put a French Carpenter into her to see if he could finde the leake This day we tooke a view of all our men both those that were hole and the sicke also and we found that in all the three ships were not aboue thirty sound men The 25 we had sight of the I le of S. Nicholas and the day following of the other Iles S. Lucia S. Vincent and S. Anthony which foure Iles lie the one from the other Northwest and by West Southeast and by East The 26 we came againe with the Iland of S. Anthony and could not double the Cape This day Philip Iones the Master of the Christopher came aboord vs who had beene aboord the Tyger and tolde vs that they were not able to keepe the Tyger because she was leake and the Master very weake and sayd further he had agreed with the Master and the company that if the next day we could double the Iland we should runne to the leeward of it and there discharge her but if we could not double it then to put in betwixt the Iland of S. Vincent and S. Anthony to see if we could discharge her The third day of September I went aboord the Tyger with the Master and marchants with me to view the shippe and men and we found the shippe very leake and onely six labouring men in her whereof one was the Master gunner so that we seeing that they were not able to keepe the ship agreed to take in the men and of the goods what we could saue and then to put the ship away The fift day we went to discharge the Tyger The eight day hauing taken out the artillery goods victuals and gold of the Tyger we gaue her vp 25 degrees by North the line The 27 we had sight of two of the Iles of the Azores S. Mary and S. Michael The fourth of October we found our selues to be 41 degrees and a halfe from the line The sixt day the Christopher came to vs and willed vs to put with the Cape for they also were so weake that they were not able to keepe the sea and we being weake also agreed to goe for Vigo being a place which many English men frequent The 10 day the Christopher went roome with the Cape but we hauing a mery wind for England and fearing the danger of the enemies which ordinarily lie about the Cape besides not knowing the state of our countrey and Spaine and although it were peace yet there was little hope of friendship at their hands considering the voyage that we had made and we also being so weake that by force and violence we could come by nothing and doubting also that the King of Portugall knowing of our being there might worke some way with the Councell of Spaine to trouble vs and further considering that if we did put in with any harbor we should not be able to come out againe till we sent for more men into England which would be a great charge and losse of time and meanes of many dangers All these things pondred we agreed to shoot off two pieces of ordinance to warne the Christopher and then we went our course for England she hearing our pieces followed vs and we carried a light for her but the next day in the morning it was thicke and we could not see her in the afternoone neither so that we suspected that either she was gone with Spaine or els that she should put foorth more sailes then we in the night and was shot a head of vs so that then we put forth our top-sailes and went our course with England At the time when the Christopher left vs we were within 120 leagues of England and 45 leagues Northwest and by West from Cape Finister and at the same time in our ships we had not aboue sixe Mariners and sixe Marchants in health which was buâ— weake company for such a ship to seeke a forren harbour The 16 day about sixe of the clocke at night we met with a great storme at the West-south-west West and our men being weake and not able to handle our sailes we lost the same night our maine saile foresaile and spreetsaile were forced to lie a hulling vntill the eighteenth day and then we made ready an olde course of a foresaile and put it to the yard and therewith finding our selues far shot into the sleeue we bare with our owne coast but that foresaile continued not aboue two houres before it was blowen from the yard with a freat and then we were forced to lie a hull againe vntill the nineteenth day of October in the morning and then we put an olde bonnet to our foreyard which by the good blessing and prouidence of God brought vs to the I le of Wight where we arriued the 20 of October in the afternoone The commodities and wares that are most desired in Guinie betwixt Sierra Liona and the furthest place of the Mine MAnils of brasse and some of leade Basons of diuers sorts but the most lattin Pots of course tinne of a quart and more Some wedges of yron Margarites and certaine other sleight beads Some blew Corall Some horse tailes Linnen cloth principally Basons of Flanders Some red cloth of low price and some kersie Kettles of Dutch-land with brasen handles Some great brasse basons graued such as in Flanders they set vpon their cupboords Some great basons of pewter and ewers grauen Some lauers such as be for water Great kniues of a low price Sleight Flanders-caskets Chests of Roan of a lowe price or any other chests Great pinnes Course French couerings Packing sheets good store Swords daggers frise mantels and gownes clokes hats red caps Spanish blankets axe heads hammers short pieces of yron sleight belles gloues of a lowe price leather bags and what other trifles you will Certaine Articles deliuered to M. Iohn Lok by Sir VVilliam Gerard Knight M. William Winter M. Beniamin Gonson M. Anthony Hickman and M. Edward Castelin the 8 of September 1561 touching a voyage to Guinea A remembrance for you M. Lok at your comming to the coast of Guinie FIrst when God shal send you thither to procure as you passe alongst the coast to vnderstand what riuers hauens or harboroughs there be and to make to your selfe a plat thereof setting those places which you shall thinke materiall in your sayd plat with their true eleuations Also you shall learne what commodities doe belong to the places where you shall touch and what may be good for them It is thought good that hauing a fort vpon the coast of Mina in the king of Habaans country it would serue to great purpose wherfore you are especially sent to consider where the
VEnerant autem ad regem etiam sexcenti Itali quos Papa subministrarat Comiti Irlandiae qui cum Vlissiponem tribus instructis nauibus appulisset Regi operam suam condixit eumque in bellum sequi promisit Cap. 7. Totum exercitum diuisit in quatuor acies quadratas In dextro latere primum agmen erat Velitum militum Tingitanorum eosqùe ducebat Aluarus Peresius de Tauara sinistram aciem seu mediam tenebant Germani Itali quibus imperabat Marchio Irlandiae c. Cap. 11. Inter nobiles qui in hoc prelio ceciderunt fuerunt preter regem Sebastianum dux de Auero Episcopi Conimbricensis Portuensis Commissarius generalis à Papa missus Marchio Irlandiae Christophorus de Tauora plures alij Cap. 13. The same in English THere came also to Don Sebastian the King of Portugal 600. Italians whom the Pope sent vnder the conduct of the Marques of Irland who being arriued at Lisbone with three tall ships proffered his seruice to the king and promised to attend vpon him in the warres c. He diuided the whole Armie into 4. squadrons vpon the right wing stood the first squadron consisting of men lightly armed or skirmishers and of the souldiers of Tangier Generall of whom was Don Aluaro Perez de Tauara the left or midle squadron consisted of Germanes and Italians vnder the command of the Marques of Irland c. cap. 7. Of Noblemen were slaine in this battell besides Don Sebastian the king the duke de Auero the two bishops of Coimbra of Porto the Marques of Irland sent by the Pope as his Commissary generall Christopher de Tauara and many others cap. 13. IT is further also to be remembred that diuers other English gentlemen were in this battell whereof the most part were slaine and among others M. Christopher Lyster was taken captiue and was there long detained in miserable seruitude Which gentleman although at length he happily escaped the cruel hands of the Moores yet returning home into England and for his manifold good parts being in the yeere 1586. employed by the honourable the Earle of Cumberland in a voyage intended by the Streights of Magellan for the South sea as Uiceadmirall wherein he shewed singular resolution and courage and appointed afterward in diuers places of speciall command and credite was last of all miserably drowned in a great and rich Spanish prâ—ze vpon the coast of Cornwall Certaine reports of the prouince of China learned through the Portugals there imprisoned and chiefly by the relation of Galeotto Perera a Geâ—tâ—eman of good credit that lay prisoner in that Countrey many yeeres Done out of Italian into English by Richard Willes THis land of China is parted into 13. Shires the which sometimes were ech one a kingdome by it selfe but these many yeeres they haue bene all subiect vnto one King Fuquien is made by the Portugals the first Shire because there their troubles began they had occasion thereby to know the rest In this shire be 8. cities but one principally more famous then others called Fuquico the other seuen are reasonably great the best knowen whereof vnto the Portugals is Cinceo in respect of a certaine hauen ioyning thereunto whither in time past they were wont for marchandise to resort Cantan is the second shire not so great in quantitie as well accompted of both by the king thereof and also by the Portugals for that it lieth neerer vnto Malacca then any other part of China and was first discried by the Portugals before any other shire in that prouince this shire hath in it seuen Cities Chequeam is the third shire the chiefest Citie therein is Donchion therein also standeth Liampo with other 13. or 14. boroughes countrey townes therin are too too many to be spoken of The fourth shire is called Xutiamfu the principall Citie thereof is great Pachin where the King is alwayes resident In it are fifteene other very great Cities of other townes therein and boroughes well walled and trenched about I wil say nothing The fift shire hath name Chelim the great Citie Nanquin chiefe of other fifteene cities was herein of ancient time the royall seat of the Chinish kings From this shire from the aforesaid Chequeam forward bare rule the other kings vntil the whole region became one kingdome The 6. shire beareth the name Quianci as also the principal City thereof wherein the fine clay to make vessâ—ls is wrought The Portugals being ignorant of this Countrey and findâ—ng great abundance of that fine clay to be solde at Liampo and that very good cheape thought at the first that it had bene made there howbeit in fine they perceiued that the standing of Quinzi more neere vnto Liampo then to Cinceo or Cantan was the cause of so much fine clay at Liampo within the compasse of Quinci shire be other 12. cities The 7. shire is Quicin the 8. Quansi the 9. Confu the 10. Vrnan the 11. Sichiua In the first hereof there be 16. Cities in the next 15 how many Townes the other 3. haue wee are ignorant as yet as also of the proper names of the 12. and 13. shires and the townes therein This finally may be generally said hereof that the greater shires in China prouince may bee compared with mightie kingdomes In eche one of these shires bee set Ponchiassini and Anchiassini before whom are handled the matters of other Cities There is also placed in ech one a Turan as you would say a gouernour and a Chian that is a visiter as it were whose office is to goe in circuit and to see iustice exactly done By these meanes so vprightly things are ordered there that it may be worthily accompted one of the best gouerned prouinces in all the world The king maketh alwayes his abode in the great city Pachin as much to say in our language as by the name thereof I am aduertised the towne of the kingdome This kingdome is so large that vnder fiue monethes you are not able to trauaile from the Townes by the Sea side to the Court and backe againe no not vnder three monethes in poste at your vrgent businesse The post-horses in this Countrey are litle of body but swift of foote Many doe traueile the greater part of this iourney by water in certaine light barkes for the multitude of Riuers commodious for passage from one Citie to another The King notwithstanding the hugenesse of his kingdome hath such a care thereof that euery Moone for by the Moones they reckon their monethes he is aduertised fully of whatsoeuer thing happeneth therein by these meanes following The whole prouince being diuided into shires and ech shire hauing in it one chiefe and principall Citie whereunto the matters of all the other Cities Townes and boroughes are brought there are drawen in euery chiefe Citie aforesaid intelligences of such things as doe monethly fall out and be sent in writing to the
sotto scritioni dell Ammiraglio primo che acquistasse lo stato ou ' egli si sotto scriueua Columbus de Terra Rubra Ma tornando al Re d' Inghilterra dico che da lui il mappamondo veduto cio che l' Ammiraglio gli offeriua con allegro volto accettò la sua offetia mandolo a chiamare Ma percioche Dio l' haueua per Casâ—iglia serbaâ—a gial ' Ammiraglio in quel tempo era andato tornato con la viâ—toria della sua impresa secondo che per ordine si racconâ—erà Lasciarò hora di raccontar ciò che Bartolomeo Colon haueua negociato in Inghilterra tornarò all' Ammiraglio c. The same in English CHristopher Columbus fearing least if the king of Castile in like maner as the king of Portugall had done should not condescend vnto his enterprise he should be inforced to offer the same againe to some other prince so much time should be spent therein sent into England a certaine brother of his which he had with him whose name was Bartholomew Columbus who albeit he had not the Latine tongue yet neuerthelesse was a man of experience and skilfull in Sea causes and could very wel make sea cards globes and other instruments belonging to that profession as he was instructed by his brother Wherfore after that Bartholomew Columbus was departed for England his lucke was to fall into the hands of pirats which spoiled him with the rest of them which were in the ship which he went in Upon which occasion and by reason of his pouerty and sicknesse which cruelly assaulted him in a countrey so farre distant from his friends he deferred his ambassage for a long while vntill such time as he had gotten somewhat handsome about him with making of Sea cards At length he began to deale with king Henry the seuenth the father of Henry the eight which reigneth at this present vnto whom he presented a mappe of the world wherein these verses were written which I found among his papers and I will here set them downe rather for their antiquity then for their goodnesse Thou which desirest easily the coasts of lands to know This comely mappe right learnedly the same to thee will shew Which Strabo Plinie Ptolomew and Isodore maintaine Yet for all that they do not all in one accord remaine Here also is set downe the late discouered burning Zone By Portingals vnto the world which whilom was vnknowen Whereof the knowledge now at length thorow all the world is blowen And a little vnder he added For the Authour of the Drawer He whose deare natiue soile hight stately Genua Euen he whose name is Bartholomew Colon de Terra Rubra The yeere of Grace a thousand and foure hundred and fourescore Aâ—d eight and on the thirteenth day of February more In London published this worke To Christ all laud therefore And because some peraduenture may obserue that he calleth himselfe Columbus de Terra Rubra I say that in like maner I haue seene some subscriptions of my father Christopher Columbus before he had the degree of Admirall wherein he signed his name thus Columbus de Terra Rubra But to returne to the king of England I say that after he had seene the map and that which my father Christopher Columbus offered vnto him he accepted the offer with ioyfull countenance and sent to call him into England But because God had reserued the sayd offer for Castile Columbus was gone in the meane space and also returned with the performance of his enterprise as hereafter in order shall be rehearsed Now will I leaue off from making any farther mention of that which Bartholomew Colon had negotiated in England and I will returne vnto the Admirall c. Another testimony taken out of the 60 chapter of the foresayd history of Ferdinando Columbus concerning the offer that Bartholomew Columbus made to king Henry the seuenth on the behalfe of his brother Christopher TOrnato adunque l' Ammiraglio dallo scoprimento di Cuba di Giamaica trouò nella Spagâ—uola Bartolomeo Colon suo fratello quello che era già andato a trattare accordo col Re d' Inghilterra sopra lo scoprimento delle Indie come di sopra habiam detto Questo poi ritornandosenâ— verso Castiglia con capitoli conceduti haueua inteso a Parigi dal re Carlo di Francia l' Ammiraglio suo fratello hauer gia scoperte l' Indie per che gli souenne perpoter far il Viag gio di cento scuds Et Auengache per cotal nuoua egli si fosse molto affrettato per arriâ—ar l' Ammiraglio in Spagna quando non dimeno giunse a Siuiglia egli era gia tornato alle Indie co ' 17 nauigli Perche per esseguir quanto ei gli hauea lasciato di subito al principio dell ' anno del 1494 sen ' ando ai Re Catholici menando seco Don Diego Colon mio fratello me ancora accioche seruissimo di paggial serenissimo principe Don Giouanni il qual viua in gloria si come haue a commandato la Catholica Reina donna Isabella che alhora era in Vagliadolid Tosto adunque che noi giungemmo i Re chiamarono Don Bartolomeo mandaronlo alla Spagnuola contre naui c. The same in English CHristopher Columbus the Admirall being returned from the discouery of Cuba and Iamayca found in Hispaniola his brother Bartholomew Columbus who before had beene sent to intreat of an agreement with the king of England for the discouery of the Indies as we haue sayd before This Bartholomew therefore returning vnto Castile with the capitulations granted by the king of England to his brother vnderstood at Paris by Charles the king of France that the Admirall his brother had already performed that discouery whereupon the French king gone vnto the sayd Bartholomew an hundred French crownes to beare his charges into Spaine And albeit he made great haste vpon this good newes to meet with the Admirall in Spaine yet at his comming to Siuil his brother was already returned to the Indies with seuenteene saile of shipps Wherefore to fulfill that which he had left him in charge in the beginning of the yeere 1494 he repaired to the Catholike princes taking with him Diego Colon my brother and me also which were to be preferred as Pages to the most excellent Prince Don Iohn who now is with God according to the commandement of the Catholike Queene Lady Isabell which was then in Validolid Assoone therefore as we came to the Court the princes called for Don Bartholomew and sent him to Hispaniola with three ships c. THE ENGLISH VOYAGES NAVIGATIONS and Discoueries intended for the finding of a Northwest passage to the North parts of America to Meta incognita and the backeside of Gronland as farre as 72 degrees and 12 minuts performed first by Sebastian Cabota and since by Sir Martin Frobisher and M. Iohn Davis with
first caused certaine Articles to be proclaimed for the better keeping of orders and courses in their returne which Articles were deliuered to euery Captaine The Fleetes returning homeward HAuing now receiued Articles and directions for our returne homewards all other things being in forwardnesse and in good order the last day of August the whole Fleete departed from the Câ—untesses sound excepting the Iudith and the Anne Francis who stayed for the taking in â—f fresh water and came the next day and mette the Fleete lying off and on athwart Beares sound who stayed for the Generall which then was gone ashore to dispatch the two Barkes and the Busle of Bridgewater for their loading whereby to get the companies and other things aboâ—rd The Captaine of the Anne Francis hauing most part of his company ashore the first of September went alâ—o to Beares sound in his Pinnesse to fetch his men aboord but the wind grewe so great immediatly vpon their landing that the shippes at Sea were in great danger and some oâ— them forciâ—ly puâ— from their ankers and greatly feared to be vtterly lost as the Hopewell wherein was Captaine Carew and others who could not tell on which side their danger was mâ—st for hâ—uing mightie rockes threatning on the one side and driuing Islands of cutting yce on the other side they greatly feared to make shipwracke the yce driuing so neere them that it touched theâ—r bolt-sprit And by meanes of the Sea that was growne so hie they wâ—re not able to put to sea wiâ—h their small Pinnesses to recouer their shippes And againe the shippes were not able to carrie or lie athwart for them by meanes of tâ—e outragious windes and swelâ—ing sâ—as The Generall wilâ—ed the Captaine of the Anne Francis with his company for that night to lodge aboord the Busse of Bridgewater and went himselfe with the râ—st of his men aboord the Barâ—es But their numbers were so great and the prouision of the Barkes so scant that they pestered one another exceedingly They had great hope that the next morning the weather would be faire whereby they might recouer their shippes But in the morning fâ—llowing it was much worse for the storme continued greater the Sea being more swollen and the Fleete gone quâ—te out of sight So that now their doubts began to grow great for the shâ—p of Bridgewater which was of greatest receit and whereof they had best hope and made most account roade so farre to leeward of the harborowes mouth that they were not able for the rockes that lay betweene the wind and them to lead it out to Sea with a saile And the Barks were already so pestered with men and so slenderly furnished with prouision that they had scarce meat for sixe dayes for such numbers The Generall in the morning departed to Sea in the Gabriel to seeke the Fleete leauing the Busse of Bridgewater and the Michael behind in Beares sound The Busse set sayle and thâ—ught by turning in the narrow channell within the harborow to get to windward but being put to leeward more by that meanes was faine to come to anker for her better safetie amongst a number of rockes and there left in great danger of euer getting forth againe The Michael set sayle to follow the Generall and could giue the Busse no reliefe although they earnestly desired the same And the Captâ—ine of the Anne Francis was left in hard election of two euils eyther to abide his fortune with the Busse of Bridgewater which was doubtfull of euer getting forth or else to bee towed in his small Pinnesse at the sterne of the Michael thorow the raging Seas for that the Barke was not able to receiue or relieue halfe his company wherein his danger was not a little perillous So after hee resolued to commit himselfe with all his company vnto that fortune of God and Sea and was dangerously towed at the sterne of the Barke for many miles vntill at length they espyed the Anne Francis vnder sayle hard vnder their Lee which was no small comfort vnto them For no doubt both these and a great number more had perished for lacke of victuals and conuenient roome in the Barks without the helpe of the sayd Ship But the honest care that the Master of the Anne Francis had of his Captaine and the good regarde of duetie towardes his Generall suffered him not to depart but honestly abode to hazard a dangerous roade all the night long notwithstanding all the stormy weather when all the Fleete besides departed And the Pinnesse came no sooner aboord the shippe and the men entred but shee presently shiuered and fell in pieces and sunke at the ships sterne with all the poore mens furniture so weake was the boat with towing and so forcible was the sea to bruise her in pieces But as God would the men were all saued At this present in this storme many of the Fleete were dangerously distressed and were seuered almâ—st all asunder Yet thanks be â—o God all the Fleete arriued safely in England about the first of October some in one place and some in another But amongst other it was most marueilous how the Bâ—sse of Bridgewater got away who being left behind the Fleete in great danger of neuer getting forth was forced to seeke a way Northward thâ—thâ—row an vnknowen chaâ—nell full of rocks vpon the backe side of Beares sound and there by good hap found â—ut a way into the North sea a very dangerous attempâ— saue that necessitieâ— which hath no law forced them to trie masteries This aforesayd North sea is the same which lyeth vpon the backe side of Frobishers sâ—raits where first the Generall himselfe in his Pinnesses and after some other of our company haue discouered as they affirme a great foreland where they would haue also a great likelihood of the greatest passage towards the South sea or Mar del Sur. The Busse of Bridgewater as she came homeward to the Southeastward of Friseland discouered a great Island in the latitude of 57 degrees and an halfe which was neuer yet found before and sailed three dayes alongst the coast the land seeming to be fruitfull full of woods and a champion Countrey There died in the whole Fleet in all this voyage not aboue forty persons which number is not great considering how many ships were in the Fleet and how strange fortunes we passed A generall and briefe description of the Countrey and condition of the people which are found in Meta Incognita HAuing now sufficiently and truly set forth the whole circumstance and particuler handling of euery occurrent in the 3. voyages of our worthy Generall Captaine Frobisher it shal not be from the purpose to speake somewhat in generall of the nature of this Countrey called Meta Incognita and the condition of the sauages there inhabiting First therefore touching the Topographical description of the place It is now found in the last voyage that Queene Elizabeths Cape being situate in latitude at
friendly taking our leaue and came aboord the fleete at Hatorask The eight of August the Gouernour hauing long expected the comming of the Wiroanses of Pomeiok Aquascogoc Secota and Dasamonguepeuk seeing that the seuen dayes were past within which they promised to come in or to send their answeres by the men of Croatoan and no tidings of them heard being certainly also informed by those men of Croatoan that the remnant of Wingina his men which were left aliue who dwelt at Dasamonquepeuk were they which had slaine George Howe and were also at the driuing of our eleuen Englishmen from Roanoak hee thought to deferre the reuenge thereof no longer Wherefore the same night about midnight he passed ouer the water accompanied with Captaine Stafford and 24 men wherof Manteo was one whom we tooke with vs to be our guide to the place where those Sauages dwelt where he behaued himselfe toward vs as a most faithfull Englishman The next day being the 9 of August in the morning so early that it was yet darke we landed neere the dwelling place of our enemies very secretly conueyed our selues through the woods to that side where we had their houses betweene vs and the water and hauing espied their fire and some sitting about it we presently set on them the miserable soules herewith amazed fled into a place of thicke reedes growing fast by where our men perceiuing them shot one of them through the bodie with a bullet and therewith we entred the reedes among which we hoped to acquite their euill doing towards vs but we were deceiued for those Sauages were our friends and were come from Croatoan to gather the corne fruit of that place because they vnderstood our enemies were fled immediatly after they had slaine George Howe and for haste had left all their corne Tabacco and Pompions standing in such sort that al had bene deuoured of the birds and Deere if it had not bene gathered in time but they had like to haue payd deerely for it for it was so darke that they being naked and their men and women apparelled â—ll so like others weâ— knew not but that they were al men and if that one of them which was a Wiroanceâ— wife had not had a child at her backe shee had bene slaine in stead of a man and as hap was another Sauage knew Master Stafford and ran to him calling him by his name whereby hee was saued Finding our selues thus disappointed of our purpose we gathered al the corne Pease Pompions and Tabacco that we found ripe leauing the rest vnspoyled and tooke Menatoan his wife with the yong child and the other Sauages with vs ouer the water to Roanoak Although the mistaking of these Sauages somewhat grieued Manteo yet he imputed their harme to their owne folly saying to them that if their Wiroances had kept their promise in comming to the Gâ—uernour at the day appointed they had not knowen that mischance The 13 of August our Sauage Manteo by the commandement of Sir Walter Ralegh was â—hristened in Roanoak and called Lord thereof and of Dasamonguepeuk in reward of his faithfull seruice The 18 Elenor daughter to the Gouernour and wife to Ananias Dare one of the Assistants was deliuered of a daughter in Roanoak and the same was christened there the Sonday following and because this child was the first Christian borne in Virginia shee was named Virginia By this time our ships had vnlâ—den the goods and victuals of the planters and began to take in wood and fresh water and to new calke and trimme them for England the planters also prepared their letters and tokens to send backe into England Our two ships the Lion and the Flyboat almost ready to depart the 21 of August there arose such a tempest at Northeast that our Admirall then riding out of the harbour was forced to cut his cables and put to sea where he lay beating off and on sixe dayes before he could come to vs againe so that we feared he had bene cast away and the rather for that at the time that the storme tooke them the most and best of their sailors were left aland At this time some controuersies arose betweene the Gouernour and Assistants about choosing two out of the twelue Assistants which should goe backe as factors for the company into England for euery one of them refused saue onely one which all other thought not sufficient but at length by much perswading of the Gouernour Christopher Cooper only agreed to gâ—e for England but the next day through the perswasion of diuers of his familiar friends hee changed his minde so that now the matter stood as at the first The next day the 22 of August the whole company both of the Assistanâ—s and planters came to the Gouernour and with one voice requested him to returne himselfe into England for the better and sooner obtaining of supplies and other necessaries for them but he refused it and alleaged many sufficient causes why he would not the one was that he could not so suddenly returne backe againe without his great discredite leauing the action and so many whome hee partly had procured through his perswasions to leaue their natiue countrey and vndertake that voyage and that some enemies to him and the action at his returne into England would not spare to slander falsly both him and the action by saying hee went to Virginia but politikely and to no other enâ— but to leade so many into a countrey in which hee neuer meant to stay himselfe and there to leaue them behind him Also he alleaged that seeing they intended to remoue 50 miles further vp into the maine presently he being then absent his stuffe and goods might be both spoiled most of them pilfered away in the cariage so that at his returne he should be either forced to prouide himselfe of all such things againe or else at his comming againe to Virginia find himselfe vtterly vnfurnished whereof already he had found some proofe being but once from them but three dayes Wherefore he concluded that he would not goe himselfe The next day not onely the Assistants but diuers others as well women as men began to renew their requests to the Gouernour againe to take vpon him to returne into England for the supply and dispatch of all such things as there were to be done promising to make him their bond vnder all their handes and seales for the safe preseruing of all his goods for him at his returne to Virginia so that if any part thereof were spoyled or lost they would see it restored to him or his Assignes whensoeuer the same should be missed and demanded which bond with a testimony vnder their hands and seales they foorthwith made and deliuered into his hands The copie of the testimony I thought good to set downe May it please you her Maiesties subiects of England we your friends and countrey-men the planters in Virginia doe by these presents let you and euery
Spâ—niards Portugals Uine suger-canes and ginger â—â—â—â—ported into Hispaniola and Madera c. Woad and vines planted in the Azores The great zeale of Elizabeth Queene of Castile and Aragon in aduancing of new discoueries lending to Gods glory The aptnesse of the people in the maine of Virginia to embrace Christianitie Seneca 2. Cor. 12.14 Iosue 1. 6. The good suâ—cesse in Iâ—â—land of Richard Strangbow earle of Chepstow The happy late disâ—ouâ—rie to the Northwest of Captaine Dauis The kings of Portugal had nâ—uer aboue ten thousand of their naturall subiects in all their new conquered dominions Planting of Colonies When force of armes is to be vsed Two conditions required in conquests of Countreys newly discouered Nota. America vnknowen to all antiquity Christopher Colon or Columbe Americus Vespucius of whoÌ„ America tooke the name The first generall part of America Caboca in the yeerâ— 1597 had discouered all this tract for the crowne of England The second generall part of America The third generall part of America Villegaignon Florida with an ample description thereof The trees of Florida These are perhaps those which the Sauages call Tunas The beasts of Florida The â—oule of Florida Crocodiles Gold and siluer The mountaines of Appalaâ—cy Store of dyes and colours The disposition and manerâ— of the Floriâ—ians The wearing of their haâ—re Their exâ—rcise and pastime Running for games Shooting Playing at the Ball. Hunting Fishing Their forme of warre Their triumphes after the victorâ—e They worship the Sâ—nne and Moone Their Priests are both Magicians and Physitions Their marriages The painefulnesse of the women Many Hermaphrodites which haue the nature of both seâ—es Their foode and prouision for warre Their dressing their flesh and fish ouer the smoke Their order in marching to the warre Their consultations Their saluting of their kings The drinking of Cassine before they goe to battell The honor exhibited vntoâ— men of valure aboue other The excellencie of Cassine Their maner of the buriall of Kings Their cutting of more then halfe their haire The buriall of their Priests Sowing twise in 6. moneths Faire pumpions Goodly beanes Instruments wherewith they â—ill their their ground The bringing of all the crop into a commoÌ„ house Their prouision of corne for 6 moneths onely Their maner of liuing in the Winter The dressing of their meate in the smoake Their maner of curing diseases Their womens dispositions and maners Oile in Florida Women great swimmers The first voâ—age of Iohn Ribault to Florida 1562. The course of the Spaniards not altogether necessary Cape Francois in 30. degrees A pillar set vp Prayer and thankes to God Presents giuen to Ribault Their fish-weares like those of Virginia They passe ouer the riuer Goodly Mulberries white and red Great store of silkewormes The riuer of May. The riuer of Seine The Riuer of Somme The Riuer of Loyre The Riuers of Cherente Gaâ—onne Gironde Belle Grande The riuer Belle a â—eoir The Riuer of Port Royall in 32. degrees of latitude Turkeycocks Partridges gray and red Fish in abundance The Riuer 3. leagues at the mouth A passage by a riuer into the Sea Store of rare simples Ribault saileth 12. leagues by the Riuer Cape Lucâ—rne Chamois Pearles Store of pearles and siluer A Pillar of â—ree stone wherein the Armes of France were grauen set by in an Iland in the riuer of Port Royal. The Riuer of Liborne The I le of Câ—dâ—rs Two Indians taken away The dolefull songs of the Indians The Indians eat not before the sun be set Laudonnierâ— putting down in writing the words and phrases of the Indians speech The feast of Toya This seemeth to be La grand Copâ—l The 2 Indiâ—â—s escâ—pe away The benefite of planting The Oration of Iohn Ribault to his companie AElius Pertâ—nax descending from base parentage became Emperour of Rome Agathocles a porters sonne became king of Sicilie Rusten Bâ—ssha of an heard-mans sonne through his valure became the great Turkes sonne in law The souldiers answere to Ribaults Oration The length and bredth of the Fort taken by Laudonnier and Captaine Salles A Fort built in Port Roial by Ribault Ribaults speech to Captaine Albert. His speech to the souldiers The aforesaide Fort was called Chaâ—les-fort Poâ—t Royall The riuer Base 15 leagues Northwarde of Port Royall Shallow water Their arriuall in France 1562. the 20 of Iuly King Audusta Note Maâ—on Hoyâ—â— Touppa Stalame The countrey of king Stalame 15 leagues Northward of Charles-fort Chamoys skinnes The feast of Toya largely descâ—ibed The Indians 〈◊〉 of thâ—mâ—elâ—â—s with rich feathers Iawas are their â—uestes Magicians Physitionâ— Inâ—ocations of the Iawas or Priests vnto Toya Their victuals â—ayle them The Indians maner of liuâ—ng in tâ—e Wiâ—ter time of Mast and rooâ—â—s King Coueâ—iâ— mighâ—ie and renowmed King Oâ—ade King Maccoâ— Ouades countrey in the riuer Belle. Tapistrie of feathers White couerlets edged with red fringe The liberalitie oâ— king Oâ—ade Ouades countrey twenty fiue leagues Southward from Charles fort The fort set on fire by casualtie The fort reedified by the Sauages in the space of 12 houres Crocodiles Cypresâ—es Their second iourney to the countrey of Ouade Exceeding faire pearles fine Christall siluer ore The place where christall groweth in very good quantitie ten dayes iourney from the riuer Belle. Note Mutiny against the captaine and the causes thereof Captaine Albert slaine by his owne souldiers Nicoâ—as Baâ—â—eâ— chosen captain A new Brigandine built in Florida Rosen to bray ships Mosse to calke ships Cordage for tackle They put to the sea without sufficient victuals Their victuals vtterly consumed They drinke their vrine for want of fresh water Extreme famine The French succoured by an English Barke It seemeth â—â—e mâ—aneth the voyage intended by Sâ—ukcâ—y The ciuill waâ—â—es the cause why the Frenchâ—â—n were not â—uppliedâ— which were lâ—â—t behinde in their first voyage Laudonniers second voyage to Floâ—iâ—a with three ships the 22 of April 1564. The Isle of Tenerifâ—a or the Pike The Isle of Martinino Dâ—minica an Island Ananas a fruite of great excellenâ—ie His arriual in Florida the 22 of Iune 1564. Cape Francois being between the riuer of Dolphins and the riuer of May maketh the distance 30 leagues about which is but 10 leagues ouer land The great loue and courtesie of the Floridians The riuer of Dolphins called Seloy by the Sauages Their arriuall at the riuâ—r of May. The pillar set vp before 〈◊〉 Ribault crowned with garlands of â—aurell and inuironed with small pamers full of corne worshipped by the Sauages Paracously Satouriâ—ua A wedge of siluer Grosâ—eâ— â—onsieur de Ottigni The curtesie of the Floridians to the French Men of exceeding olde age Sauages in Florida of 250. yeres olde Egles in Florida Cedars Palmes Bayes exceeding sweete Abundance of grapes Eâ—qâ—ine a dingge excellent against the pockâ—s Siluer certain dayes iourney vp within the riuer of May. Thimogoa mortall enemies to Saâ—ourioua The riuer of Seine The riuer of Somme The courtesie of the Paracoussy of the riuer of Somme