1615. he married Anna Maria Mauritia Daughter of Philip III. King of Spain whom he had betrothed in 1611. And by her left Issue 1. LEWIS XIV surnamed The Great the present King of France born Aug. 26. O.S. 1638. of whom below And 2. Philip Duke of Orleans Sept. 21. N.S. 1640. whose first Dutchess the Princess Henrietta Maria Stuart Daughter of Charles I. King of England departed this Life in June 1670. And he the next Year married Charlâ—tte Elizabeth Daughter of Charles Lewis Elector Palatine By the first Venture he had 1. Mary Aloisia or Louise born March 27. 1662. married Novemb. 17. 1679. to Charles II. King of Spain deceased without Issue by him 1689. 2. Philip deceased an Infant 3. Another Daughter not named 1665. 4. Anne Mary born Aug. 27. 1669. and most happily married April 9. to Victor Amadeus II. Duke of Savoy He has also a Son and a Daughter by the present Dutchess namely 1. Philip Duke of Chartres born Aug. 2. 1674. And 2. Elizabeth Charlotte Madamoiselle de Chartres born Sept. 13. 1676. As for Lewis the Great the present King he succeed his Father in 1643. and was Crown'd by the Archbishop of Rheims June 7. 1654. of whose Actions I shall say little here since the Eyes of the whole World are upon ' em His Queen was Maria Theresia Daughter of Philip IV. King of Spain who died July 30. 1683. by whom he has only a Son now living namely Lewis XV. surnamed The Hardy the present Dauphin born Nov. 1. 1661. In 1680. he married Maria Anna Christina Daughter of Ferdinand Maria late Elector of Bavaria by whom he has had three Sons whose Names are 1. Lewis Duke of Burgundy born Aug. 6. 1682. 2. Philip Duke of Anjou born Novemb. 19. 1683. And 3. Gaston Duke of Berry born Aug. 31. 1686. But besides the Dauphin the present French King has several Natural Children as namely Mary Anne de Bourbon born 1666. and married in 1680. to Lewis of Bourbon Prince de Conti And Lewis de Bourbon born 1667. Supreme Intendant of the Marine These two were born him by Aloisia Frances de la Beaume la Blanche de la Valiere Dutchess de Vaujour and Peeress of France Daughter of Laurence de la Valiere now a Carmelite Nun by the Name of Sister Aloisia de Misericordia or of Mercy As likewise Lewis Augustus de Bourbon Duke of Main born 1670. and made legitimate three Years after Lewis Caesar de Bourbon Count de Vexin born 1672. deceased 1683. Aloisia Frances de Bourbon Madamoiselle de Nantes born 1673. and married in 1685. to Lewis Duke of Bourbon Aloisia Mary Anne deceased 1681. Lewis Alexander de Bourbon Count de Toulouse born 1678. made Legitimate 1681. Intendant likewise of the Marine And Frances Mary de Bourbon Madamoiselle de Rlois born 1681. Which Six were born him by Frances Athanasia de Rochechouart Gabriel Prince de Mortemar's Daughter and Wife of Henry de Lewis Paidaillan Marquess of Montespan § XVI It remains we now return to Lewis Prince de Conde youngest Son of Charles Duke of Vendôme born 1530. whom we mentioned in the latter end of Sect. XIII Numb 9. He was slain at the bloody Battel of Jarnac 1569. by one Montesque a Captain under the Duke of Anjou notwithstanding he offer'd 100000 Crowns for his Ransom The Issue that survived him were 1. Henry Prince of Conde born 1552. 2. Francis Prince of Conti born 1558. who had only Natural Issue though twice married 3. Charles Archbishop of Roan and Cardinal deceased 1594. 4. Charles Count de Soissons Peer and Grand Master of France born 1566. deceased 1614. leaving Issue 1. Aloisia married to Henry Duke of Longueville deceased 1637. 2. Lewis born 1604. deceased 1641. And 3. Mary born 1606. and married to Thomas of Savoy Prince of Carignan Henry the eldest Brother was a Prince of great Courage and hath his Life finely written by Thuanus in his History Lib. 90. His first Princess was Mary of Cleve Daughter of Francis Duke of Nevers But she dying in 1574. he afterwards married Charlotte Catharine de Tremolle Daughter of Lewis Duke of Thovars and departed this Life 1588. leaving Issue by the last Lady as followeth namely 1. Eleanora born 1587. married in 1606. to Philip William of Nassau Prince of Orange deceased 1619. And 2. Henry II. Prince of Conde born after his Father's decease Sept. 1. 1588. His Princess was Charlotte Margaret Daughter of Henry II. Duke of Montmorency who bore him 1. Anne married in 1642. to Henry Duke of Longueville deceased 1679. 2. Lewis II. Prince of Conde And 3. Armand Prince of Conti of which two apart And first for Lewis He was born in 1621. and justly to be ranked among the greatest Hero's of the Age. He took to Wife Clara Clementia Daughter of Urban Marquess of Breze and departed this Life 1685. to the great Grief of all good Men. His only Son Henry Julius de Bourbon is now living born July 29. 1643. formerly styled Duke d'Enghien but now since his Father's death Prince of Conde His Princess is Anne Daughter of Edward Prince Palatine of the Rhine who has born him this following Issue now living 1. Mary Theresia Madamoiselle de Bourbon born 1666. 2. Lewis Duke of Bourbon born 1668. and married 1685. to Aloisia Frances Natural Daughter of the present French King 3. Mary Anne Madamoiselle de Montmorency born 1675. 4. Anne Mary Victoria Madamoiselle d'Enghien born 1676. And 5. Aloisia Benedicta Madamoiselle de Conde born 1678. As for Armand Prince de Conti the other Brother he was born 1629. married to Anne Mary of Montmorency Cardinal Mazarine's Neice by the Sister 1654. deceased 1666. leaving two Sons 1. Lewis de Bourbon Prince of Conti born 1661. In 1680. he took to Wife Mary Anne de Bourbon the King 's Natural Daughter made legitimate yet died without Issue in 1685. And 2. Francis Lewis de Bourbon the now Prince of Conti born 1668. Of the Augmentation of the House of France § XVII IN the Year 861. Robert Earl of Orleans was created Duke and Marquess of the Franks by Charles the Bald King of France to whose Son Eudo the County of Paris was likewise added by Charles the Gross King of France After this Hugh Capet came to be King An. 987. whose Brother Otho having married Leutgarde Daughter and Heiress to the last Duke of Burgundy in her Right possessed himself of that Dutchy Philip II. having defeated John sans Terre King of England brought Normandy Bretagne Anjou Touraine Poictou and Clermont with part of Aquitain under his Obedience and incorporated the same with the Crown Charles Duke of Anjou was Crown'd King of both the Sicily's An. 1266. He likewise became possessed of Provence in Right of his Wife as also of a Title to the Kingdom of Jerusalem by the Donation of Mary Princess of Antioch Charles Martel his Grandson was Crown'd King of Hungary in 1290. in right of his Mother
Husband out of England and recommends to her the Lord Robert Dudley whom not long after she made Earl of Leicester withal promising That if she would marry him she should by Authority of Parliament be declar'd her Successor in case she died without Issue But whether it were that she disdain'd the one or that she was loth to make a breach with England by accepting the other nothing came of either But having by the leave of Queen Elizabeth gotten Henry Lord Darnly Son of Matthew Stuart Earl of Lenox by Margaret Douglas Niece of Henry VIII by his eldest Sister out of England upon pretence of restoring him to the Possessions of his Father who had been in England as an Exile now twenty years made him Lord Armanack Earl of Ross and Duke of Rothsey a Dukedom by Birth appertaining to the eldest Sons of the Kings of Scotland married him in five Months after and with the Consent of most of the Peers of Scotland declar'd him King about June 1565. A Person of a Princely Presence and not above Nineteen Years of Age. The Prior of St. Andrew's the Queen 's base Brother but one that more affecting a Temporal Honour than a Spiritual Title had been made Earl of Murray had under-hand dealt with Queen Elizabeth to have prevented this Marriage in excuse of which the Queen was let know She had no reason to be displeased with it inasmuch as she had follow'd her Advice Not to marry a Stranger but an Englishman born Nor perhaps was Queen Elizabeth much troubled at it as knowing the mild Disposition of the Lord Darnly and how little of Strength it added to the Queen of Scots but on the contrary foreseeing it would beget Troubles in Scotland which was the Security of England However it were the Queen of Scots being brought to Bed of a Son June 19. 1566. she sent Queen Elizabeth notice of it who congratulated her safe Deliverance and her Son and was his Godmother and by her and the respective Ambassadours of Charles King of France and Philibert Duke of Savoy gave him the Name of Charles James in whom afterwards in Right of his said Mother the Crowns of England and Scotland came to be united Murray thus disappointed where he least expected complies with the present and strikes in with the yet Inadvertency of the young King and makes a Division between the Queen and him which his Instruments so improv'd with her that whereas before in publick Acts she had used to place her Husband's Name first she now caused it to be placed last and in her Coin began to leave it out quite Nor was the Breach yet so wide but it might have been clos'd again had not Murray created a Jealouâ—ie in him concerning one David Rizie an Italian the Queen's Secretary and told him plainly it stood not with his Honour to suffer him to live which so netled the King that rushing one Evening into the Queen's Chamber when she was at Supper he caused the said Rizie to be dragg'd out of her presence and murder'd of which afterwards the King grew so sensible that he threatned a Revenge upon Murray who had counsell'd him to it which the other prevented in striking the first Blow by procuring the King to be strangled in his Bed his Body thrown into the Garden and the House immediately blown up the Queen whatever the Rumour of the People were least doubitng her Brother Murray And here comes his Master-piece The Earls of Bothwell and Morton had been his Confederates in the Murder and when the Days of Mourning were a little over Murray by himself and his Instruments insinuates to her the danger of the Kingdom by her being thus left alone and advises her to marry some one that might be able to assist her against all her Opposers and after some time recommends Bothwell to her a Person in favour with her and of great Eminence for his Valour To which being destitute of Friends she at last consents provided due respect might be had to her young Son and that Bothwell legally acquit himself of her Husband's Murder Whereupon Bothwell stands his Trial and is acquitted by his Judges On which the Queen makes him Duke of Orkney and by Consent of many of the Nobility marries him 1567. And now Murray is where he would be for having during Queen Mary's abode in France by his Patriarch Knox and his Chaplain Buchannan under PRETENCE of Reformation embroil'd the Kingdom by affirming That Royalty was not tied to any Stock or Kindred but Vertue only whether the Parties were legitimate or not thereby making way to the Kingdom for himself and not being able to have hindred the Queen's second Marriage made a Discord between her and him whom he afterwards murder'd this Murray the same Man that had acquitted Bothwell and not only advis'd but promoted his Marriage with the Queen now takes Arms against her as privy to Bothwell's Murder of her Husband On this Bothwell finding himself out-witted flies into Denmark and Murray seizes the Queen and vilely threw her into Prison in Loch-levyn under the Custody of his Mother the Concubine of James V. but now boasting herself to have been his Wife and her Son his lawful Issue During which time Knox and his Disciples thunder against her from the Pulpits Buchannan with his De Jure Regni apud Scotos and Murray with his armed Logick so terrifie her that she resign'd her Kingdom to her Son scarce Thirteen Months old and made Murray Regent of Scotland during his Minority alledging to Queen Elizabeth for her so doing That she had done it through the Counsel of her-Ambassadour Throckmorton who told her That a Grant extorted from one in Prison which is a just Fear is actually void and of none effect However on this the young King was Crown'd and Murray proclaim'd Regent but the Queen still kept in Prison from whence after Eleven Months imprisonment by the help of one of the Douglas's she makes an escape to Hamilton-Castle where in a meeting of a great part of the Nobility this extorted Resignation of the Queen's is declar'd actually void from the beginning Whereupon Multitudes flock in to her but being undisciplin'd they are defeated by Murray Herself nevertheless making an escape into England landed at Wickington in Cumberland May 17. 1568. having first sent her Servant Beaton to Queen Elizabeth to intimate her Intention with a Diamond Ring also which she had formerly receiv'd from her as a Pledge of mutual Amity Nor was she sooner landed than she wrote her a Letter thereby declaring her Condition and withal desiring she might be conducted to her Presence To which Queen Elizabeth by a Letter sent by Sir Francis Knolles return'd her a comfortable Answer and promised her Aid and Defence according to the Equity of her Cause but deny'd her access for that she was held guilty of many Crimes and therefore order'd her to be brought to Carlisle From thence she seconded her first Letter
Fifty eighth Year of his Age and of his Reign of England the Twenty second and of Scotland the Fifty sixth He had but one Wife viz. Queen Anne of whom before and by her 1. Henry Friderick Stuart Prince of Wales Duke of Cornwal and Rothsey and Earl of Chester born in Scotland Feb. 19. 1593. died Nov. 6. 1612. 2. Robert Stuart born and died very young in Scotland 3. Elizabeth Stuart Queen of Bohemia and Princess Palatine of the Rhine born Aug. 19. 1596. in Scotland died Feb. 13. 1661. 4. Margaret Stuart born in Scotland Decemb 24. 1598. died young 5. Charles Stuart Duke of York and Albany born Novemb. 19. 1600. succeeded his Father 6. Mary Stuart born in England March-1605 died two Years after And 7. Sophia Stuart born in England June 21. 1606. died two days after XXV To his Father his elder Brother being dead succeeded Charles the First of that Name about the Age of Twenty five Years and was proclaim'd King the same Day his Father died The Solemnity of whose Funerals being over the first thing he did was to hasten the coming over of the Queen to whom he was married by Proxy at Paris May 1. and consummated at Canterbury June 13. following Of this Prince it may be truly said He was a Man of Sorrows And yet if there be any thing in History to be named before him it is not that He was less able but their Times better Therefore for the truer understanding of both it is the least Justice we can do His MEMORY to consider under what ill Circumstances He came to the Crown There had follow'd his Father out of Scotland Two Sorts of People the One purely for the Loaves the Other to double the Interest of that Doctrine that had forc'd his Mother out of Her Kingdom who kept himself so long in Pupillage and to which England was not so altogether a Stranger but that they found the Lump leven'd to their hand Some like them calling also themselves the Lord's Ambassadours and pretending a Right from God to Govern every one his Parish and their Assembly the whole Nation Others and those different in Opinions among themselves that would have all Congregations free and independent upon one another Others That held Christ's Personal Reign was at this time to begin upon Earth and therefore would have no other King but King Jesus Besides several others from the first Litter yet every of them desending its Sect by Scripture according to the narrow scantling of their own Interpretations These again meeting with a Purse-proud City a poor Crown and a Gentry that no less affected a Popular Government in the State than themselves did in the Church Both cry up Liberty and inveigh against Tyranny that is whatever they were not themselves And so what wonder of those Consequents that embroil'd the King's Reign The ill Effects of which too many have seen and may perhaps be felt the next Century However the King having summon'd his Parliament to meet at Westminster June 18. aforesaid he told them That at their earnest Entreaty in March 1623. his Father had taken Arms for the recovery of the Palatinate which with the Crown was now devolv'd upon Himself That the Supplies already given held no proportion with the Charge of the Enterprize That the Eyes of all Europe were upon him and a Failure in this his first Attempt would be a Blemish to his futare Honour And therefore desired them if not for His for their Own Reputation to deliver him fairly out of that War wherewith themselves had incumbred him by an expeditious Supply On which the Commons gave Two Subsidies and the Clergy Three and the Parliament by reason of the Plague was adjourn'd to Oxford to be held there Aug. 1. following where the King briefly acquaints them with his Wants in order to the design 's Expedition They on the other hand petition against Popish Recusants and receive from him a satisfactory Answer but instead of a Supply debate a Remonstrance of Grievances to be first redress'd before a Supply given So that not agreeing who should be first trusted the King or Themselves the Parliament was dissolv'd and another summon'd to meet at Westminster the next 6th of February The Candlemas Day before which the King was solemnly Crown'd But here also the King met no better success than he had in his first For the Commons began where they left at Oxford with Religion and Grievances And to add to it it fell unfortunately that the Earl of Bristal being under restraint the King had sent him no Writ of Summons to the Parliament whereupon he petitions the Peers That being a Peer of the Realm he had not receiv'd a Writ of Summons and therefore pray'd the Benefit of his Peerage and that if any Charge were against him he might be Tried in Parliament Upon which and the Request of the Peers his Writ was sent him with a Letter from the Lord Keeper That though his Majesty had awarded him the Writ yet 〈◊〉 was his Pleasure that his Personal Attendance should be forborn This Letter the Earl sent to the Lords with a second Petition beseeching to be heard both as to his wrongful Restraint and what he had to say Against the Duke of Buckingham This alarm'd the Duke whom the Commons already beheld with no good Eye and therefore to begin with him first the Duke prevails with the King to command the Attorney-General to Common him to the Lord's Barr as a Delinquent where he appear'd May 1. and was by Mr. Attorney charg'd with Eleven Articles of High-Treason But before they were read the Earl said My Lords I am a Free-man and a Peer of the Realm unattainted I have somewhat of high Consequence to his Majesty's Service and beseech your Lordships to give me leave to speak The Lords bade him go on Then said he I accuse that Man the Duke of Buckingham of High-Treason And immediately presented Twelve Articles against him After which the Articles against the Earl being read and himself committed to the Black-Rod the House order'd That the King's Charge against the Earl should be first proceeded on before that of the Earl against the Duke And now the Ice thus broken the Common by eight of their own Members sent up Thirteen Articles of high Offences and Misdemeanours against the Duke which he answer'd with so much modesty that it much abated the Heat that many had against him And in regard the matters charged had been transcted in King James's time he claim'd the Benefit of the Pardon of the Twenty first of King James and the present King's Coronation Pardon On which the Commons thus dâ—â—appointed having prepared a Declaration of the same nature with their Impeachment the Parliament was dissolv'd by Commission June 14. 1626. and no Supply given By which means the Relief then setting forth for Rochel staid so late in the Year that they were dispers'd with ill Weather and forc'd to return without doing
1648. in the Forty eighth Year of his Age and Twenty fourth of his Reign And thus fell this oppress'd King than whom many have worn a Crown longer no one left it with so much Resolution His Queen and Relict was Henrietta Maria as hath been before said by whom he had Four Sons and as many Daughters 1. Charles Stuart born Christen'd and died the same Day March 18. 1628. 2. Charles Stuart Prince of Wales born May 29. 1630. who after a Twelve Years subversion of the Government was restor'd 1660. 3. James Stuart Duke of York born Octob. 14. 1633. who his Brother dying without Issue succeeded him in the Crown 4. Henry Stuart Duke of Gloucester born July 8. 1640. died after the Restauration Septemb. 13. 1660. His Daughters 1. Mary Stuart born Novemb. 4. 1631. married to William of Nassau Prince of Orange May 2. 1641. by whom she had one Son Henry William born nine Days after the Death of his Father Crown'd King of England April 11. 1689. She died Decemb 24. 1660. 2. Elizabeth Stuart born Decemb. 28. 1635. died Septemb. 8. 1650. 3. Anne Stuart born March 17. 1636. died Decemb. 8. 1640. 4. Henrietta Maria Stuart born June 16. 1644 at Exeter from whence she was convey'd into France and married to Philip Duke of Orleans Brother to Lewis XIV the present King of France She died 1670. King Charles I. being thus dead and that whatever it were of a Parliament according to the known Laws of England thereby dissolv'd they that had kill'd the Father knew they could not be secure 'till they had done as much by the Son and therefore immediately abolish the Monarchy and turn the Name Style Title and Test of the King into that of The Keepers of the Liberty of England by Authority of Parliament and make it High-Treason to proclaim or any ways to promote Charles Stuart commonly call'd Prince of Wales or any other Person to be King c. Yet this hindred not but that several printed Declarations in the Name of the Nobility Judges Gentry and other the Freemen of England were scattered about London thereby recognizing the Prince's Hereditary Birth-right to the Crown c. and their Resolutions of defending it to the last Man Dated Feb. 1. in the First Year of the Reign of King Charles II. XXVI The House of Lords was yet sitting and sent to the Commons for a Conference touching these matters who instead of vouchsafing them an Answer by their Votes Feb. 6. declare the Kingly Office to be unnecessary and burthensome and the Lords House dangerous and useless and therefore to be laid aside Against these Proceedings the Lords protest and the Army set a Guard upon their House to prevent their assembling And the Commons wholly took it away and their Privilege of Peerage with it unless being duly Qualified they shall be elected to sit in Parliament And thereupon enacted themselves The Supreme Authority of the Nation A Commonwealth and Free State without any King or House of Lords And committed the Executive Part of the Government to A Council of State erected by them of whom Forty were principal Officers in the Army And having obliterated the very Prints of Monarchy they proceeded to the Sale of King's Queen's Prince's Bishops Dean and Chapters and Delinquents Lands of which themselves were for the most part Purchasers and that at easie Rates During this time the Parliament of Scotland that they might at least seem not wanting to their Duty recognize the King's undoubted Right of Succession to the Crowns of these Kingdoms But with this Clause in it That he be not admitted to the Exercise of it 'till he had given Satisfaction to the Kingdom touching the Security of Religion and the Unity betwixt the Kingdoms according to the National Covenant and the Solemn League and Covenant Middleton on the other hand and several of the Scots Nobility that were for having the King admitted without previous Conditions take Arms in the Highlands but were dispers'd before the Marquess of Montross who with Men and Arms was just landed in the Isles of Orkney could come up to join them However this nothing daunted his Magnanimity but that with the Assistance of some few that came in to him he successfully made good the King's Interest against the Covenanters as he had formerly done his Royal Father's in 1645. And now they at home finding no great danger to be yet fear'd from Scotland cast an eye upon Ireland where the Irish had generally submitted to the King's Authority and with the Assistance of several of the English that had serv'd his Father had in a manner reduc'd the whole Kingdom excepting Dublin and the more remote parts of Ulster And having laid a new Tax of 90000 l. a Month for the maintenance of the Army they order Seven Regiments of Foot Four of Horse and One of Dragoons to be sent thither and appoint Cromwel General and his Son Ireton Lieutenant-General for the Expedition who with all the haste that could be transported their Forces and landed in Dublin Aug. 5. 1649. whence after a little refreshment Cromwel marches them for Drogedah and after several repulses takes it by storm puts all to the sword with out respecting either Age Sex or Condition and in less than a Year subdues the most part of the Kingdom to the Power of the New Commonwealth and returns for England leaving Iretan to finish the rest which he liv'd not to effect but died of the Plague at Limerick and was succeeded by Ludiour While things went thus in Ireland the Estates of Scotland had spun out a lingering Treaty with the King at Breda during which the Kirk-Party having surpriz'd Mentrosa defeated his Forces and gotten himself betray'd into their hands they bring him to Edinburgh hang him on a Gallows Thirty Foot high and quarter him May 21. 1650. at what time yet his Resolution was so great and his Deportment so winning that he won more from them by his manner of Dying than he could have vanquish'd in the Field by Arms. However the Treaty took effect at last and the King lands in Scotland and was proclaim'd at Edinburgh July 15. And now the Men at Westminster better known by the Name of The Rump think it high time to look about them and form an Army to be sent thither Fairfax should have commanded it but whether it were that the Covenant had bewitch'd him or Cromwel out-witted him he declin'd the Charge and Cromwel is made Generalissimo and with 16000 effective Men enters Scotland and has a Fleet on the Coasts to attend his motions Nor was it long ere he engag'd the Scots Army and gave them 6000 Horse and Dragoons and 15000 Foot a Defeat at Musleburgh and a total Rout at Dunbar Septemb. 3. the same Year On which they quit Edinburgh and retiring to St. Johnsteun for new Recruits Crown the King at Scoon Jan. 1. following Nor was Cromwel idle all this time but having Edinburgh-Castle surrender'd
Matthias King of Hungary In his Reign PRINTING was first found out the League of Schwaben confirm'd and Constantinople taken by the Turks His Empress was Eleanor Daughter to Edward King of Portugal who bore him five Children whereof Christopher John and Helena died in their Infancy The two that surviv'd were Cunigunda given in Marriage to Albert the Fourth Duke of Bavaria and Maximilian the First in whom the House of Austria was preserv'd was born at Naples in the Year 1459. From his Infancy he pronounc'd his Words with so much difficulty that he was judged by most little better than dumb which Imperfection he so far master'd in the end that he became famous for his Eloquence He was of a generous Disposition and a great Lover of learned Men. He was often under very dangerous Circumstances but always surmounted 'em happily in the end In 1486. he was elected King of the Romans his Father Frederick being yet alive He refus'd to be Crown'd by the Pope but pretended to the Papal Dignity himself In short he magnified Justice loved Humility exercised Clemency and took much pains in searching out the Original of his Family In his Reign the Reformation was set on foot by Luther the Imperial Chamber instituted the Empire divided into Circles Vienna restor'd to the House of Austria and Burgundy and the Provinces of the Low Countries annexed to the same Family The Consorts of his Bed and Fortunes were Mary Daughter and sole Heiress of Charles Duke of Burgundy and after her Blanche Mary Daughter of Galeazzo Duke of Milan By the first he had Issue Margaret who after many turns of Fortune was in the end made Governess of the Netherlands and died 1530. And Philip a Prince worthy the noblest Character of whom more immediately in the next Section As for Maximilian being full of Days and Content he piously and peaceably departed this Life on the Twelfth of Jan. 1519. § VII Philip the First styled The Delight of Mankind first saw the Light in 1478. At three Years old he was installed Knight of the Golden Fleece At seventeen his Father gave him the Government of the Low Countries and Burgundy In 1496. he married the Princess Johanna eldest Daughter and Heiress of his Catholick Majesty Ferdinand King of Spain in whose Right he became immediately possess'd of the Kingdoms of Arragon and Castile But he was not long to preside over so many and so great Provinces being taken off by an untimely death in the Year 1506. and the 28th of his Age nevertheless having first seen himself Father of a fair Issue by his most beloved Consort Queen Joan. The Daughters were 1. Eleanor married first to Emanuel King of Portugal and after his decease to Francis the First King of France 2. Isabella married to Christianus the Second King of Denmark which prov'd a very unhappy Match She died in the Low-Countries An. 1525. 3. Margaret married to Lewis the Infant King of Hungary and after his unhappy death made Governess of the Netherlands 4. Catharine born after her Father's decease betrothed to John Frederick Elector of Saxony but afterwards married to John the Third King of Portugal His Sons were Charles the Fifth and Ferdinand the First betwixt which two Princes there was a Division of the Provinces whence the House of Austria became likewise divided into the Spanish and German Lines And first for the Spanish Of the Spanish Line § VIII THe Author whereof was Charles the Fifth born at Gaunt in Flanders in 1500. At fourteen Years old he had the Government of the Netherlands given him at sixteen he was Crown'd King of Spain at nineteen elected Emperour and Crown'd the Year following at Aix la Chapelle In 1521. he held his first Dyet at Wormes He had very great Wars with Francis the First King of France whom he defeated and made Prisoner in the Year 1525. He likewife seized Rome and besieged the Pope in his Castle there and annexed the Dutchy of Milan for ever to his House In 1532. at a Dyet then held at Ratisbonne the Protestaut Confession of Faith was exhibited and publickly read before him Some Years after he had Wars with the Protestants wherein he took John Frederick Elector of Saxony Prisoner in 1545. and thereupon transferred the Electoral Dignity from him to Maurice Duke of Saxony He likewise caused Philip Landtgrave of Hesse to be put in custody yet in the end concluded the Peace of Passaw with those of that Religion in 1552. Three Years after he abdicated the Government leaving the Empire to his Brother Ferdinand and the Kingdom of Spain with the Low-Countries and its other Dependencies to his Son Philip. After his Abdication he retired to a Cloyster in St. Justus's Monastery in Spain where having spent about two or three Years he piously and peaceably ended his days 1558. leaving Issue by Isabel Daughter of Emanuel King of Portugal one Son and two Daughters viz. Mary married to the Emperour Maximilian the Second Joanna to John Infant of Portugal and Philip the Second of whom more in the next Section Besides these he had one natural Daughter named Margaret begotten on Madamoiselle de Plumbes and married to Alexander de Medices Duke of Urbin and after his decease to Octavio Farnesse Duke of Parma As also a Son by Madamoselle de Blomberg namely the most Valiant and Renowned Hero Don John of Austria § IX But to return into our way The only Heir of Charles the Fifth was Philip the Second born 1527. made King of Sicily and Naples 1543. King of England and Ireland in right of his Wife 1554. Lord of the Low-Countries and Duke of Milan 1555. and last of all King of Spain 1556. He obtain'd the famous Victory of St. Quintin over the French but soon after lost Calice to them He was Author of the Spanish Inquisition Moreover he lost seven of the Low-Country Provinces as also the famour Armada sent against the English In 1580. he overcame the Kingdom of Portugal and by force of Arms caused himself to be Crown'd King thereof His first Queen was Mary Daughter to John the Third King of Portugal his second another Mary Daughter to Henry the Eighth King of England and then Queen of that Kingdom his third Isabella or Elizabeth a Daughter of Henry the Second's King of France and his fourth Anne Daughter of the Emperour Maximilian the Second By the first he had Prince Charles born 1565. deceased in Prison 1568. By the third Isabella Clara Eugenia born 1566. married to Albert the Seventh of Austria deceased 1633. and Catharine born 1567. and married to Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy on the Eleventh of March 1585. By the last a Son of his own Name viz. Philip the Third born 1578. in whose Issue the Spanish Line was continued He succeeded his Father in his Kingdoms in 1598. And in 1610. expelled nine hundred thousand Moors and Jews out of Spain His death bears date 1621. His Queen was Margaret Daughter
Namur re-married to Henry IV. Duke of Brabant She died 1238. § IV. Lewis VIII was Crown'd King of France in 1224. having before this been elected and had Fealty solemnly sworn him as King of England by the Nobility of that Kingdom at London An. 1216. But the English upon the death of King John changed their Minds and return'd to their Allegiance to the young King Henry III. Whereupon despising the Natural INCONSTANCY of that Nation he return'd for France Nor was he long to govern that Realm being taken off by an untimely death in the Year 1226. His Queen's Name was Blanche Daughter of Alphonso IX King of Castile by whom he had nine Children whereof five died young The four that out-liv'd him were 1. Lewis IX surnam'd The Saint born April 25. 1215. 2. Robert Earl of Artois which Branch of the Family wither'd in Charles d'Artois Count d'Eu in the Year 1472. 3. Charles Earl of Anjou and Main born 1220 Crown'd King of both the Sicily's in 1266. or 63. and Titular King of Jerusalem ten Years after His Posterity reign'd in the Kingdom of Naples 'till 1435. in Hungary 'till 1325. and in Poland 'till 1400. 4. Alphonso married indeed yet deceased without Issue As for Queen Isabella their Mother she ended her Life in a Cloyster where she retired after the King her Husband's death Lewis IX was Crown'd King of France in the Year 1226. and very much improv'd the Demesnes of the Crown He took upon him the Croisade and made an Expedition to the Holy Land in which War he was taken Prisoner by the Sarazens after the City of Damieta had surrender'd to him But being ransom'd by his Subjects return'd home After this he ventur'd on a second Expedition but died of the Plague at the Siege of Tunis An. 1270. His Queen was margaret Daughter of Reimund Berengarius Earl of Provence who departed this life 1285. having born him this following Issue 1. Isabella born 1241. married to Theobald II. King of Navarr deceased 1275. 2. Lewis who took to Wife Berengaria Daughter of Alphonso X. King of Castile yet died without Issue 1275. 3. Philip III. surnam'd the Bold born 1245. of whom in the next Section 4. John Earl of Nevers and Valois deceased without Issue 1270. 5. Blanche married to Ferdinand Prince of Castile deceased 1320. 6. Peter Count d'Alençon and Chartres deceased Issueless 1283. 7. Robert V. Count de Clermont and Lord of Bourbon of whom more beneath in the Line of Bourbon Sect. XII as Ancestor in a direct Line of the present French King § V. Philip III. surnam'd the Bold was Crown'd King of France in 1271. A Prince very deficient in most of chose Vertues that should adorn a King given to drink and easily led by those that were about him Surnam'd The Bold not from any true Courage that was eminent in him but because in that fostness of Mind he would yet brutishly expose himself to the greatest Dangers in time of Action His first Queen was Isabella Daughter of James I. King of Arragon who died in 1271. after which he married Mary Daughter to Henry III. Duke of Brabant and departed this Life 1285. The Issue that survived were 1. Philip IV. surnam'd The Fair born 1268. 2. Charles Earl of Valois Anjou c. of whom in the next Section as Author and Propagator of the Line of Valois 3. Lewis Count d'Eureux whose Posterity became extinct in Charles III. King of Navarr An. 1416. 4. Margaret married to Edward I. King of England in 1300. or 1. And 5. Blanche to Rudolph of Austria in the same Year She died 1305. Of these Philip the Fair succeeded his Father and was Crown'd King of France in the Year 1286. He join'd the Kingdom of Navarr to that of France which Kingdom was brought him in Marriage by his Wife Joan together with the County of Aquitain and Territory of Brigen He had a sharp War with the Flemings by whom his Forces were utterly defeated at the famous Battel of Courtray He had also several Contests with the Pope to whom he return'd the famous Answer of Sciat tua Magna Fatuitas Nos in Temporalibus nemini subesse upon his Holiness's pretending to command and direct him in some secular Affairs Moreover the Order of Knights Templars was first abolish'd by his Example and Interest throughout Christendom in the Year 1311. or 7. His Issue necessary to be here mention'd were 1. Lewis X. surnam'd Hutin King of France and Navarr born 1280. Crown'd 1315 or 14. deceased and that without Issue Male 1316. 2. Philip V. surnam'd The Long King of France and Navarr born 1292. Crown'd 1317. or 6. deceased likewise without Issue Male 1321. or 2. 3. Charles IV. surnam'd The Fair King of France and Navarr who had the same fate with his Brethren for he died in 1327 8. leaving his Wife with Child which likewise prov'd a Daughter 4. Isabella married at twelve Years old to Edward II. King of England Jan. 28. 1307. O. S. deceased 1375. Of the Line of Valois § VI. WE now return to Charles Count de Valois d'Anjou du Main d'Alençon and du Perche second Son to Philip the Bold He was thrice married his first Wife being Margaret Daughter of Charles II. King of Sicily His second Catharine de Courtney Daughter of the Emperour of Constantinople And his third Maud Daughter of Guy de Châtillon Count de St. Paul who died 1358. By these he had Issue as followeth 1. Isabella married to John III. Duke of Bretagne deceased 1309. 2. Joan the Wife of William the Good Earl of Haynault Holland and Zealand She died in the Year 1400. 3. Philip VI. of whom in the next Section 4. Charles Count d'Alençon and de Chartres whose Posterity became extinct in Charles Duke d'Alençon in the Year 1512. 5. Margarct married to Guy de Châtillon Earl of Blois 6. Catharine to Charles of Sicily Earl of Tarento 7. Joan to Robert of Artois Earl of Beaumont She died 1363. 8. Lewis Earl of Chartres deceased without Issue An. 1328. 9. Isabella Lady Abbess of Fonteverard 10. Mary married to Charles of Sicily Duke of Calabria 11. Another Isabel married to Peter I. Duke of Bourbon And 12. Blanche to the Emperour Charles IV. She died 1345. § VII Wherefore after the decease of the three Brethren Lewis Hutin Philip the Long and Charles the Fair without Issue Male the Government was setled on Philip de Valois their Cousin-Germain notwithstanding the Claim of Edward III. King of England Son to Isabel eldest Sister of the three last Kings whose Pretensions as the French said were cut off by the Salique Law Nevertheless it was soon after the occasion of a bloody War 'twixt him and King Philip Whose two Wives were Joan Daughter of Robert II. Duke of Burgundy deceased 1348. and Blanche Daughter of Philip King of Navarr who died 1398. By theâ—â— he had Issue 1. John I. surnam'd The Good 2. Philip Duke of Orleans deceased without
Issue 3. Mary married to John of Brabant Duke of Limburg She died 1333. 4. Joan a posthumous Daughter betrothed to John of Arragon Duke of Gironda or Girona but died before the Marriage cou'd be consummated An. 1371. Of these John succeeded to the Throne and was Crown'd in 1350. This Prince continu'd the War with the English but with no better success than his Father had done for he was defeated and taken Prisoner by them at the Battel of Poictiers Sept. 19. 1356. O.S. Being again set at liberty he departed this Life in 1361 4. aged fifty six His two Queens were Bona Daughter of the King of Bohemia And Joan of William Earl of Clermont By the first Venture this following Issue liv'd to be Men and Women 1. Charles V. surnam'd The Wise born Jan. 21. 1337. of whom in the next Section 2. Lewis Duke of Anjou and Touraine Crown'd King of Sicily on this side the Pharus or Watch-Tower in 1382. whose Posterity fail'd in Nicholas Duke of Calabria An. 1473. 3. Philip Duke of Burgundy born 1341. whose Posterity ended in Mary last Heiress of that Dutchy An. 1483. 4. Joan married to Charles III. King of Navarre deceased 1373. 5. Isabella to John Galeazzo Duke of Milan in 1360. And 6. John Duke of Berry he deceased without Issue 1416. 7. Margaret profess'd a Nun. § VIII Charles V. surnam'd The Wise was Crown'd King of France May 19. 1364. He was the first who in his Father's Life time was styled The Dauphin He restored the Commonwealth of France and repressed the Violence of its Enemies which he brought to pass more by Counsel and Delays than force of Arms. He also put forth a Sanction whereby the eldest Sons of France were for the future declar'd of Age at Fourteen Years old and fit to be Crown'd and Govern His Queen's Name was Joan Daughter of Peter I. Duke of Bourbon by whom he had Issue that out-liv'd him 1. Charles VI. born 1368. his Successor 2. Lewis Duke of Orleans Count de Valois d'Angouleme c. born 1371. of whom in Sect. X. And 3. Catharine married to John de Berry Count de Montpensier She died 1387. As to what relates to Charles VI. he was Crown'd King of France Nov. 4. 1380. 'T was this Prince that reduc'd the Lilies in his Coat of Arms to Three which the Kings of France his Ancestors bore without any determinate number and at each side added a Stag for Supporters In his Reign the Affairs of France were brought to the lowest ebb especially after the Battel of Agin-Court in Picardy with the English in which four Princes of the Blood with all the Flower of the French Nobility were lost This great Blow was given Octob. 24. 1415. After which he would have excluded the Dauphin and transferr'd the Kingdom to the English This unfortunate Prince departed this Life 1422. having been long distracted His Children by Isabella Daughter of Stephen Duke of Bavaria were in number twelve whereof six died young The rest were 1. Isabella married about the age of seven or eight Octob. 28. 1396. O. S. to Richard II. King of England and after his decease to Charles Duke of Orleans An. 1402. She died 1409. 2. Charles VII born Jan. 21. 1402. his Father's Successor 3. Mary she was profess'd a Nun and died 1438. 4. Joan married to John VI. Duke of Bretagne deceased 1432. 5. Michaele born 1394. married to Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy deceased 1422. 6. Catharine born Octob. 27. 1400. married to Henry V. King of England Feb. 24. 1420. And after his decease to Owen ap Meridith ap Tudor a Welsh Gentleman but descended of the ancient British Kings Grandfather of King Henry VII She died Jan. 3. 1437. § IX Charles VII surnam'd The Victorious from the Victory he obtain'd over the English at the Battel of Orleans under the Conduct of the famous Joan de Arcquis freed France from the many Miseries it had so long groan'd under and re-establish'd the Polity of that Kingdom He likewise put forth a Sanction whereby he very much curbed the pretended Jurisdiction of the Popes of Rome Yet was this otherwise happy Prince so plagu'd by his own Son the Dauphin that by reason thereof he pined himself away and died of Grief An. 1461. The Sharer of his Bed and Fortunes was Mary of Anjou Daughter of Lewis II. King of Sicily by whom he had Issue as followeth 1. Lewis XI of whom we shall soon treat 2. Charles Duke of Berry born 1446. deceased 1472. 3. Joland married to Amadeus the eighth Duke of Savoy deceased 1478. 4. Radegunda to Sigismund Duke of Austria She died 14 5. Catharine to Charles Duke of Burgundy She died 14 6. Joan to John II. Duke of Bourbon deceased 1482. And 7. Magdalen promised to Uladislaus King of Hungary but married to Gaston Fuxius Prince of Vienna deceased 1486. We now return to Lewis XI born 1423. and Crown'd 1461. a Prince excellently skill'd in the Art of Government 'T was he that instituted the Order of the Knights of St. Michael in the Year 1469. His Motto was Qui nescit simulare nescit imperare He kept his Designs so very close that the Grand Mareschal of Normandy told him one day in raillery Il faut que vôtre haquenée soit bien fort puisque ille peut bien vos porter vous tout vôtre Conseil That his Mule must needs be very strong since it cou'd so easily carry him and all his Counsel For the rest of his Character He was an undutiful Son a severe Father and a disloyal Husband implacable in his Nature insomuch as he was never known to be reconciled to any he had once fallen out with Nor had he any other esteem for Religion but as it serv'd his Interest He departed this Life Aug. 30. 1483 4. having had two Wives viz. Margaret Daughter of James I. King of Scotland and Charlotte Daughter of Lewis Duke of Savoy and by them a Son and two Daughters viz. 1. Anne married to Peter Duke of Bourbon 1473. deceased 1522. 2. Joan Dutchess of Berry born 1464. and married to Lewis Duke of Orleans afterwards King by whom she was divorced and died 1504. 3. Charles VIII born 1470. and Crown'd 1484. A little Man of no bad Disposition yet slow of Parts and altogether ignorant of Arts and Letters Contracted at scarce six Years old to Elizabeth Daughter of Edward IV. King of England which Contract being afterwards broke he was betrothed to Margaret Daughter to the Emperour Maximilian who was accordingly sent into France to have her Education there that she might the better be accustomed to the Manners of that Nation Nevertheless she was sent home again by her Spouse when he came to be his own Master and he married or rather ravish'd Anne Daughter and sole Heiress of the Duke of Bretagne already married by Proxy to his design'd Father-in-Law Maximilian the Emperour but had no Issue by her that survived him He came to
his End in the Flower of his Age by a very odd Accident in the Year 1498. for going out of a Door at Amboise where he then was to see 'em run at Tilts he struck his Forehead with that violence against the top of it as he was presently after seiz'd by an Apoplexy and fell down dead in the place § X. Wherefore we must look back to Lewis Duke of Orleans mention'd already by us in Sect. VIII Numb 2. This Prince took to Wife Valentine Daughter of Galeazzo Duke of Milan who bare him this following Issue 1. Charles Duke of Orleans and Milan born 1391. 2. Philip deceased without Issue 1420. 3. Margaret born 1406. She married Richard of Bretagne Count d'Estampes and died 1464. 4. John Count d'Angouleme born 1404. of whom more in the next Section as being him in whose Issue the Descent of this Line was continu'd Charles the eldest of these three was taken Prisoner at the Battel of Agin Court and detain'd so in England for the space of five and twenty Years but in the end ransom'd and set at liberty by Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy His death which happened in 1465. was hastned by the Indignation he conceiv'd at having his Counsels despised and laugh'd at by King Lewis XI He was thrice married his first Wife being Isabel Daughter of Charles VI. King of France the Relict of Richard II. King of England his second Bona Daughter of Bernhard Count d'Armanac and his third Mary Daughter of Adolph Duke of Cleves By these he had four Children 1. Joan married to John Duke of Alençon 2. Lewis XII King of France 3. Mary married to John de Foix Viscount Narbon deceased 1493. 4. Anne Lady Abbess of Tonteurault Lewis XII was advanc'd to the Throne on the death of Charles VIII without Issue and Crown'd 1498. A merciful and gracious Prince sparing of the Money and Blood of his Subjects and therefore very dear to his People and styled by 'em The Father of his Country Yet was he unfortunate through the whole course of his Life witness Thuanus's History lib. 1. His first Wife was Joan Daughter of King Lewis XI a crooked and deform'd Person forced on him notwithstanding his aversion to her and all the Protestations imaginable against the injury done him by the King her Father in hopes of her proving barren Wherefore having obtain'd the Crown he divorc'd her See Im. Hoff. Geneal Gal. in Vitâ Ludov. XII and substituted in her room Anne the Relict of his Predecessor Charles VIII After whose decease he married a third time viz. Mary Daughter of Henry VII King of England nevertheless all his Male Issue died young so that he had only two Daughters namely 1. Claudia born 1499. married to Francis I. King of France And 2. Renata born 1509. married to Hercules Duke of Ferrara § XI Wherefore John Count d'Angoulesme must again appear brought already on the Stage in the last Section Numb 4. He was left in England by his Brother Charles with King Henry V. as a Pledge for an Hundred thousand Crowns and not dismissed 'till thirty Years after During which stay in England he wholly applied himself to the study of Learning and true Piety in which he made so good progress as to be held worthy by the Council of Constance of the Papal Chair which Dignity he nevertheless refused that he might not incense his Prince King Charles VII who was a great Stickler for the deposed Pope Eugenius IV. He married Margaret Daughter of Alan IX Viscount Roban who bore him a Son named Charles Count d'Angoulesme who took to Wife Aloisia Daughter of Philip Count de Bresse afterwards Duke of Savoy by whom he had a Son called Francis born Sept. 12. 1494. This Francis succeeded Lewis XII upon his dying without Issue Male and was Crown'd King of France 1515. He was very prone to Venery and Lewdness which brought him into many and great Inconveniencies He lost the Dutchy of Milan In 1515. the first Year he came to the Crown he overthrew the Swiss at the Battel of Marignan He had great Wars with the Emperour Charles V. by whom he was beaten at the Battel of Pavie in the Year 1525. and being taken Prisoner therein was sent to Madrid Being again set at liberty he began the War afresh but with no better success for in this second War he was wholly beaten out of Italy He had likewise War with Henry VIII King of England which ended in the Year 1546. He was a great Lover of Learning and learned Men whom he advanc'd and had in great esteem He was the first that brought the Custom of selling Offices and Preferments into France He finally abolish'd the Pragmatick Sanction and agreed to the Concordat Moreover he granted Annats to the Pope of Rome His Queens were Claudia Daughter to his Predecessor Lewis XII and Eleanor Daughter of Philip I. King of Spain which last died in the Year 1558. he himself in 1547. leaving Issue a Son and two Daughters The Son was Henry II. of whom in the next Section The Daughters 1. Magdalen married to James V. King of Scotland And 2. Margaret married to Charles Duke of Alençon and after his decease to Henry II King of Navarre § XII Henry II. succeeded his Father and was Crown'd King of France in 1547 8. He was of a generous Disposition a courageous and warlike Prince He took Metz Toul and Verdun from the Germans and overthrew the Emperour Charles V. in a Field Battel He likewise beat the English out of all their footing in France by taking Calice yet was defeated by the Spaniard with a vast slaughter of his Men at the Battel of St. Quintin Designing to Honour his Sister Margaret's Birth-Day with Festivals and a Tournament in which he would run himself he commanded the Count de Montgomery to run against him as he did but in the Course the Count's Spear shiver'd in pieces and an unlucky Splinter thereof wounded the King so grievously in the Eye that he died within a few Days after July 10. 1559. His Queen was Catharine de Medices Daughter of Laurence Duke of Urbin who bore him Issue as followeth 1. Francis II. who indeed succeeded him but did not long survive him for he was Crown'd King Sept. 8. O.S. 1559. and died Decemb. 5. the Year following He was married to Mary Stuart Daughter of James V. King of Scotland but left no Issue by her 2. Elizabeth or Isabella born 1545. married to Philip II. King of Spain 1559. deceased 1568. 3. Claudia married Feb. 5. 1559. to Charles II. Duke of Lorrain deceased 1575. 4. Lewis deceased an Infant 5. Charles IX born 1550. his Brother's Successor Crown'd King May 15. 1561. His Reign is infamous for the many bloody Battels for the daily Sieges and Sackings of Towns and Cities for the Devastations of Provinces and Slanghters of the Inhabitants occasion'd by the Civil War that then rag'd in France but above all for the barbarous
Massacre at Paris This Prince had Poets in great esteem and sometimes wrote Verses himself He composed a Poem on Stag-Hunting to which Recreation he was given to a fault Of all his Sanctions that is most remarkable which he publish'd for reforming the Computation of the Year For whereas all other Nations began their Year from the Feast of the Circumcision the French alone commenced theirs from Easter which was alter'd by this King He departed this Life 1574. in the flower of his Age after a long and painful Sickness His Queen was Elizabeth Daughter to the Emperour Maximilian II. who bore him only a Daughter nam'd Mary Elizabeth born 1572. deceased 1578. 6. Henry III. born Sept. 19. 1551. elected King of Poland 1573. Crown'd King of France 1574. murdered by James Clement a Dominican Friar Aug. 2. 1589. leaving no Issue 7. Francis Duke of Alençon and Brabant born 1554. deceased a Batchellor 1584. 8. Margaret married in 1572. to Henry IV. King of Navarre and afterwards of France divorc'd from him 1600. deceased 1615. 9. Victoria and Twins born and dead the same Year viz. 1556. 10. Joan Twins born and dead the same Year viz. 1556. Of the Line of Bourbon § XIII MAtter 's being thus far clear'd and discuss'd we shall now bring Robert V. Son of Lewis IX once more on the Stage having been already mention'd in Sect. 4. Numb 7. His eldest Son's Name was Lewis Count de Clermont and Duke of Bourbon and his Grandson's James de Bourbon Count de la Marche and Ponthieu Constable of France who died in the Year 1362. being Father of John Count de la Marche who succeeded him and begat 1. James II. Count de la Marche King of Naples who died 1438 having had by Beatrix Daughter of Charles III. King of Navarre only a Daughter that surviv'd him namely Eleanor married to Bernhard d'Armanac Count de Pardiac 2. Lewis de Bourbon Count de Vendôme of whom a little below 3. Anne married to John de Berry Count de Montpensier and after his decease to Lewis Barbatus Duke of Bavaria 4. Mary to John de Beine Baron de Croix 5. Charlotte to John King of Cyprus she died 1487. 6. John de Bourbon Baron de Carency whose Posterity became extinct in John de Bourbon Baron de Carency much about the Year 1493. As for Lewis the second Son he begat John de Bourbon Count de Vendôme who was Father of Francis de Bourbon Count de Vendôme born 1470 and Lewis de Bourbon Prince de la Roche sur Yâ—n which Branch of the Family fail'd in Henry de Bourbon Duke of Montpellier An. 1608. Francis the elder Brother departed this Life 1493. having begat Charles Duke de Vendôme born 1489. deceased 1534. This Charles had many Children by Frances d'Alençon Dutchess of Beaumont Francis Duke of Longueville's Widow whereof ten whose Names follow liv'd to be Men and Women viz. 1. Margaret born 1516. married to Francis Duke of Cleves 1538. 2. Anthony Duke de Vendòme and King of Navarre of whom in the next Section 3. Francis Count d'Enghien born 1519. deceased without Issue 1546. 4. Magdalen Lady Abbess of Poictiers 5. Charles born 1523 and promoted to the Cardinalate in 1566. He was likewise made Bishop of Roan and died May 9. 1590. 6. Catharine and Lady Abbesses of Secession and Chelles 7. Renata Lady Abbesses of Secession and Chelles 8. John Duke d'Enghien born 1528. deceased 1557. 9. Lewis Prince de Conde of whose most Noble Progeny we shall speak in the XV. Section of this Chapter 10. Eleaner born 1535. deceased 1611. § XIV We now return to Anthony Duke of Vendôme Son of Charles Duke of Vendôme as is objected just above He was born in the Year 1518. and performed many Noble and great Actions in the Service and under the Auspices of Francis I. and Henry II. Kings of France After the death of his Father in-Law Henry II. King of Navarre whose only Daughter and Heiress Joan d'Albret he had married he possess'd himself of that Kingdom and the Principality of Bern or at least as much of â—em as the Spamards had left him He was more than once in great danger of his Life from the Guisian Faction yet died a natural death in 1562. leaving Issue a Son and a Daughter namely 1. Catharine married to Henry Duke of Lorrain Jan. 30. 1599. deceased 1604. And 2. Henry IV. surnam'd The Great King of France and Navarre born 1553. The Greatness of whose Actions has totally eclipsed the Glory of the most famous Monarch that ever Rul'd in France In the Fifteenth Year of his Age he was Head of the Protestants in France At Nineteen he went to the French Court at Paris being invited to be present at those tragick Nuptials infamous through the whole World for the treacherous and bloody Massacre of so many thousand Innocent and Noble Persons In the same Year he took on him the Title of King of Navarre upon the death of his Mother the Queen He thrice extorted Peace from the King's Party and by the Battel of Courtray 1581. Henry III. being yet alive dissolv'd the League entered into by the Pope the King of Spain and the Guisian Faction for the Confusion of the Protestants After the death of Henry III. he was Crown'd King of France but not 'till 1594. having first profess'd himself a Papist On May 4. 1610. O. S. he was assassinated and stabb'd in Paris by that infamous Villain Francis Ravillac His first Queen was Margaret de Valois Daughter of Henry II. King of France whom he divorc'd After which he married Mary de Medices Daughter of Francis Great Duke of Tuscany deceased 1642. by whom he had Issue as followeth 1. Lewis XIII of whom more in the next Section 2. Elizabeth married to Philip IV. King of Spain 1615. deceased 1644. 3. Christina to Victor Amadeus I. Duke of Savoy she died 1663. 4. Gaston John Baptist Duke of Orleans born 1608. who was twice married his first Dutchess being Mary of Bourbon Daughter of Henry Duke of Montpensier deceased 1627. His second Margaret of Lorrain Daughter of Francis Count de Vaudemont deceased 1672. By these he had four Daughters viz. 1. Anne Mary Dutchess of Montpensier born 1627. now alive and unmarried 2. Margaret Louise born 1645. and married 1661. to Cosmus III. Great Duke of Tuscany 3. Isabella born 1646. and married to Joseph Lewis Duke of Guise in 1667. She is now a Widow 4. Frances Magdalen born 1648. married to Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy 1663. deceased May 11. 1665. 5. Henrietta Maria born 1609. married to Charles I. King of England May 1. 1625. O. S. deceased July 31. 1669. aged Sixty § XV. Lewis XIII born Sept. 27. 1601. succeeded his Father and was Crown'd King of France Octob. 18. 1610. An excellent Prince had he not given too much way to the Counsels of those two famous Ministers of State Richlieu and Mazarine He never fought but where he conquer'd In
Mary Daughter of Stephen King of Hungary Lewis his Son became King of Poland by a Marriage with Elizabeth Daughter of Ladislaus King of that Country And Philip Charles Martel's Brother took upon him the Title of Emperour of Constantinople in his Wife 's Right Lewis IX obtain'd Clermont Tholouse and Provence by the same Right Beaumont by Gift and Mascon for Money Philip the Fair bought the County of Canny and joyn'd the Kingdom of Navarre to that of France by a Marriage with Joan last Heiress thereof with whom he had Champagne also and the Territory of Bruges Philip VI. surnamed de Valois had Dauphine given him but bought the Lordship of Mompellier in Languedoc of Sanchius King of Majorca Charles V. did the same by Auxerre Picena part of Dreux Creil and Mouzon all which Places he annexed to the Crown In 1345. Philip Duke of Burgundy third Son of King John added the Counties of Artois Burgundy and Flanders as also the Dutchy of Brabant to this Family partly as his Mother's Inheritance and partly as his Wife 's After this Charles the Bold succeeded to the Dutchy of Burgundy as next Heir and so became Lord of all the Netherlands In 1389. Lewis II. Son of Charles V. became possessed of the Dutchy of Milan in right of his Wife Valentina Daughter and Heiress of John Galeazo Duke thereof In 1535. Francis I. annexed the Dutchy of Bretagne to the Crown Henry IV. gave the Kingdom of Navarre once more to the Crown together with the Principality of Bern the Dutchies of Vendôme Beaumont and Albret the Counties of Foix and Armanac Perigord and Bresse with many other Places So that all France became incorporated in the Crown Last of all Lewis XIV the present King has made himself Master of the Bishopricks of Metz Tulles and Verdun Pignerol Brisac all Alsace and Brisgow By the Pyrenaean Treaty he had the County of Rousillon with part of that of Cerdagne made over to him See Artic. 42. and 43. Moreover he has bought Casal the Capital City of Montferrat By the Treaty of Peace at Nimeguen he was put in possession of Freiburg Two Years after he made himself Master of Strasburg by force of Arms viz. Septemb. 29. 1681. as he had done seven Years before of the Dutchies of Barre and Lorrain which two last he has united to the Crown for ever He has likewise taken the Palatinate of Deux Pents from its Natural Prince under pretence of its being an Appendant of Alsace Nor have the Dukes of Wirtenberg escaped him from whom he forced Mompelgart as also Orange from the Prince of that Name In short the Fronch of late years have extended their Power as far as America where they stand possess'd of New-France and Isles of St. Christopher and Martinique as also that of St. Laurence near Africk Moreover they seem of late to have gotten footing in Siam in the East-India's Of its Decrease § XVIII THe greatest Diminution suffered by the Family of Capet has been from the English who beginning a War with the Line of Valois under the Conduct of King Edward III. about the Year 1338. subdued in a manner all France Nevertheless in process of time all was regain'd by the French so that now the English have not so much as a Foot of Land in France In 1477. Mary the only Daughter and Heiress of Charles the Bold last Duke of Burgundy of this Family being married to Maximilian I transferred the Franche Comté together with all the Netherlands and indeed all other her Possessions except the Dutchy of Burgundy to the House of Austria Nevertheless the French by degrees have recovered many of these Places and still are gaining more as namely Artois with great part of Haynault and Flanders by the Pyrenaean Treaty of Peace See the 35th and following Articles By the Peace of Nimeguen the Franche Comté and since that the Dutchy of Luxenburg They have also made themselves Masters of some Cities belonging to the United Provinces and bought Dunkirk of the English But then again for its Decrease In 1281. this Family lost the Kingdom of Sicily witness the famous Sicilian Vespers at which time it lost Malta also Joan the last Queen of Naples of the Family of Capet transferred that Kingdom to Alphonso King of Arragon Hedewig descended of the same Race last Heiress of the Kingdom of Poland brought in Marriage that Kingdom to Jagello Duke of Lithuania In 1512. the Kingdom of Navarre was torn from it by the Spaniard and the Dutchy of Milan lost about ten Years after to Charles V. who invested his Son Philip therein Last of all the present French King has again freely surrendred the County of Avignon to his Holiness Pope Alexander VIII alias Ottoboni By all which it appears what Regions and Provinces are at present subject to the French King yet consult at leisure the famous John Christ Beckman's Hist Civ c. 3. § 2. Of its Pretensions § XIX THe House of France seems in the first place to have a just Title to the Upper Kingdom of Navarre as taken from King John of Albret by Ferdinand the Catholick King of Spain at the Instigation of Pope Julius II. whereas the Right and Title thereunto was by Joan of Albret's being married to Anthony of Bourbon Father of King Henry the Great transferred into that Family and the Claim suspended 'till this day 2. To the Commonwealth of Genoua by reason of a voluntary and formal Surrender of its Soveraignty in 1396. to Charles VI. King of France which has been since often claim'd 3. To the Kingdom of Naples which nevertheless seems to be but weak and is wholly rejected by the Spaniards 4. To the Dutchy of Milan Valentina the Heiress of that Dutchy being married by Lewis Duke of Orleans second Son of Charles V. And Lastly The present King in name of his Brother Philip Duke of Orleans lays claim to great part of the Palatinate of the Rhine And this has been the occasion of the present bloody and expensive War CHAP. III. Of the Lineage of the Kings of England § I. WHat the first State or Form of England was how conquer'd by the Romans and afterwards by the Saxons makes so little to the present Undertaking that we purposely leave it it being as much as we shall have occasion for That about the Year 1016. Canutus or Knute King of Denmark invaded this Kingdom and having treacherously slain the Saxon King Edmond Ironside 1018. married Emma the Widow of King Ethelred Father of the said Edmond and was the first Danish King of England and died 1038. His Issue were 1. Harold surnamed Harefoot by a former Wife 2. Hardicanute by the said Emma Harold succeeded his Father and died without Issue 1041. and left the Succession to his said Brother by the Father's side Hardicanute who by means of his Luxury became odious to the People and in the midst of a Debauch died suddenly 1042. lest no Issue and with him
1421. and being not above nine Months old at the death of his Father was proclaimed King of England and France Aug. 30. 1422. and committed to the Custody of Thomas Duke of Exeter and Henry de Beaufort Bishop of Winchester his Uncles John Duke of Bâ—dford and Humphrey Duke of Gloucester having been appointed the former Regent of France the other Protector of England And now Charles VI. of France being also dead the Dauphin his Son cansed himself to be proclaim'd King by the Name of Charles VII On which many of the French Nohility revoked to him Nor was the Regent idle during this time but took several Places of Strength from him gave him a defeat at Cravant in Buâ—goigne 1423 recover'd Campeigne and Crâ—tâ—te beat him a second time at the Battel of Vernoile 1424. and follow'd it with success 'till Montacute Earl of Salisbury being slain by a Great-shot in the Castle of Orleans 1428. the Fortune of the English began to be at a stand For at this Siege it was that the Maid of Orleans or Jean d'Arcque was brought to the said Charles as a Person inspired by God for the delivery of her Country and that Miracles might be expected from her Conduct However it were it so wrought on the Superstition of the People that she may be said to have turn'd again the Fate of France And Charles VII took that heart upon it that he forthwith came before Rheims which was yielded to him and himself Crown'd there 1428. The Year following King Henry went over in Person and was Crown'd in Paris Decemb. 17. 1431. and after a Year's stay there return'd for England Not long after viz Septemb. 14. 1435. the Duke of Bedford died and Richard Duke of York was made Regent but remov'd 1439. and the Earl of Warwick substituted in his room Upon whose death the Duke of York was again made Regent 1441. And upon a Treaty of Peace between the two Kings 1444. William de la Pâ—â—l Earl of Suffolk and others are appointed Commissioners for the King of England But finding nothing like to come of it he proposes a Match between the King and Margaret Daughter of Reiner Duke of Anjou Titular King of Sicily Naples and Jerusalem which however opposed by the Duke of Gloucester Protector of the Realm took that effect that they were married May 18. 1445. And the Duke of York again removed and the Queen and Suffâ—lk by this time made Duke prevail upon the King's Mildness and govern all things at their pleasure This and the like so disgusted the Duke of York that he began to tamper about his Title to the Crown to which the death of the Cardinal of VVinchester 1448. the Exorbitances of Suffolk and the Duke of Gloucester's the main Prop of the House of Lancaster having been discharg'd from the Protectorship imprison'd and sound dead in his Bed the Year before gave no small encouragement All which being turn'd upon Suffolk he is erclaim'd at by the Commons impeach'd by the Lords and thereupon fled for France but taken in his way had his Head struck off against the side of a Cock boat 1450. To him succeeded in equal Favour of the Queen and Hatred of the People Edmond Duke of Somerset And therefore York having gotten to his Party the two Nevils Father and Son the one Earl of Salisbury the other of VVarwick he rais'd Forces under pretext of removing divers Counsellors from about the King and after several Transactions forward and backward worsted the King at the Battel of St. Albany May 23. 1455. where the Duke of Somerset was slain the King taken Prisoner a Parliament call'd the Duke of York declar'd Protector of the Realm and the Earl of VVarwick Captain of Callice All which was again overturn'd by the Queen and her Party the Year following and the Duke of York and his Friends having gotten into Ireland were attainted in Parliament 1459. Notwithstanding which they return again and being headed by Edward Earl of March fight the King at Northampton and take him Prisoner July 9. 1460. On this the Duke of York Father of the said Edward enter'd the House of Lords the Parliament then sitting seated himself in the Throne To whom said he it of right belongeth The Parliament on this openly declar'd for his Title but in regard Henry had been taken as King for Thirty eight Years it was condescended That he should hold the Title and Name of King and have the Possession of the Realm during his natural Life but if he either died resign'd or forfeited the same by breaking or going against any Point of that Accord that then the said Crown and Regal Authority should be immediately devolved and come to the Duke of York if he were then living Or in case he died to the next Heir of his Lineage And that the Duke of York should from thenceforth be Protector and Regent of the Land All which being sworn to by both Parties and enacted in Parliament Novemb. 1. 1461. Richard Duke of York on the Saturday next ensuing was proclaimed Heir Apparent to the Crown and Protector of the Realm During this time the Queen a Lady of a Courage beyond her Sex had rais'd an Army to rescue the King met the Protector at VVakefield the Christmas following where he was routed and slain and King Henry gotten into her hands again The Earl of March on the other hand now Duke of York by the death of his Father lay with Forces in Gloucestershire and upon hearing of this Defeat made to the Queen and worsted her first at Mortimer's Cross near Hereford the Candlemas-day after and on the 17th of the same Month gave her a total defeat near St. Alban's In which yet the most remarkable Man slain was Sir John Gray On which King Henry with the Queen and Prince Edward their Son got into the North and the Duke of York was proclaim'd King in the head of the Army After which King Henry liv'd somewhat more than Ten Years but generally unfortunate as shall be shown in the next Paragraph and at last died in the Tower some say of Grief or as others murder'd by Richard Duke of Gloucester May 23. 1471. in the Fifty second Year of his Age having reigned of that Thirty eight Years His Wife was Margaret Daughter of Reiner Duke of Anjou c. of whom before by whom he had Edward Prince of Wales born at Westminster Octob. 13. 1453. taken at the Battel of Teuxbury of which in the next Paragraph May 4. 1471. and the same day kill'd in cold Blood by George Duke of Clarence and the said Duke of Gloucester XVI And now Edward IV. having taken upon him the Covernment he was as well by Right of Inheritance as the Accord before mentioned proclaimâ—d King throughout London March 4. 1401. Nor was he searce warm in his Seat ere the comoved King Henry return'd out of the North with a mighty Force but was overthrown by King Edward at Tow ton Field
they began to be afraid he was in earnest 'till at last Good Nature prevail'd and he enclin'd to their Petition and took upon him the Kingship June 22. 1483. which is the sum of the three Months and nineteen Days Reign of King Edward V. He was never Crown'd nor married but together with his Brother Richard Duke of York murder'd in the Tower in a short time after XVIII After this Mock-Election Richard III. now no longer Protector was Crown'd King July 6. following with the self-same Provision that was appointed for the Coronation of his Nephew with this addition only That his Queen was Crown'd with him And now the first thing he did was to commit Morton Bishop of Ely who had been secur'd in the Tower to the Custody of the Duke of Buckingham who sent him to a House of his at Brecknock in Wales whence he afterwards escap'd to the destruction of King Richard That done the King made a progress to Gloucester and sent one John Green whom he ' specially trusted with a Letter of Credence to Sir Robert Brakenbury Constable of the Tower the effect of which was to put the young Princes to death which he absolutely refus'd though said he he were to die therefore On this he sent another Letter by Sir James Tyrrel with a Command to Brakenbury to deliver him the Keys of the Tower for one Night which was accordingly done and the Princes murder'd by one Miles Forrest a Fellow flesh'd in Blood before that time and John Dighton his own Groom The Duke of Buckingham had accompanied the King in his Progress but whether it were that the King had been remiss to him in his Promise touching the Earldom of Hereford or that the Duke look'd a-skew on the Crown he had procur'd him the Duke left him at Gloucester but not without large Assurances from the King who doubted nothing less but that he was pleased And so with a merry Countenance and a disgusted Heart the Duke went off to his Charge at Brecknock The Bishop had been a firm Adherer to the House of Loncaster and the Duke had lost his Father and Grandfather in their Quarrel This and the but just Reputation of the Bishop's Experience begat a Familiarity between them which after several broken Discourses off and on came at last to this That they took an Oath of Secresie to each other and the PRESENT USURPATION and Tyranny was the Single Argument The Duke ran over the King's Breach of Faith with him and particularly charges him with the Murder of his Nephews which he had sworn to him never to attempt Nor was the Bishop wanting to give the Flame vent and as Occasion offer'd to add fresh Fuel to the Fire On which it was at last resolv'd between them That the Tyrant be remov'd And for the manner of doing it the Bishop having got within him proposes to him his own Title as Grandchild by the Mother to Edmond Duke of Somerset lineally descended from John of Gaunt and so next Heir to King Henry VI. Which the Duke answer'd by saying He once thought so and had resolv'd on it 'till having better consider'd he remembred That Edmond his Grandfather had an elder Brother John Duke of Somerset whose Daughter the Lady Margaret Countess of Richmond is sole Heir to him and therefore to marry her Son Henry Earl of Richmond to the Lady Elizabeth eldst Daughter of King Edward IV. and there by unite the two Houses of York and Lancaster were the only Expedient to settle the Kingdom The Bishop now was where he would be and therefore for fear the matter should cool proposes a sober Gentleman one Reginald Gray a Servant of the Countess's not unknown to the Duke who should communicate the Affair to such Persons as the Duke should direct Which being approv'd of Gray is forthwith sent for and dispatch'd to the Countess who liked it so well that she sent one Lewis her Physician to acquaint the Queen with it who return'd him to the Countess with this Answer That if her Son Henry would take a corporal Oath to marry her Daughter Elizabeth that all the Friends and Favourers of King Edward her Husband should assist and take part with him Which being agreed to by the Countess she sent Christopher Urswick her Chaplain to her Son in Bretagne and by another way Monies and particular Instructions that he should land in Wales Matters thus disposed and Answers return'd the Duke and the Bishop engage several of the Nobility and Gentry in an Oath of Secresie and every of them prepare Forces to meet the Earl of Richmond and joyn him Yet things were not so closely carried but that King Richard got an inkling of it and therefore ply'd the Duke of Bretagne to whom the Earl of Richmond had open'd his Design to deliver the said Earl into his hands Which he not only refus'd but on the contrary assisted him with Men and Monies During which the Bishop took the opportunity of making an escape into Flanders which fretted the Duke and that the more in regard the King knowing the Duke to be in the head of the Business wrote him a kind Letter thereby inviting him to Court which he excus'd with pretence of Sickness Whereupon the King sent him a peremptory Command which he as determinately answered by word of mouth That he would not come to his mortal Enemy and sent immediately to his Friends to take Arms with him which they accordingly did But before they could join him the Duke's Forces were dispers'd and every Man shifted for himself as he best might Most of the Chief of which got into Bretagne and the Duke to the House of one Banister beside Shrewsbury whom he had bred from his Youth and lov'd and trusted above all Men yet for the hopes of 1000 l. which was set upon the Duke's Head he was betray'd by him and brought to Shrewsbury where he was beheaded without Trial Novemb. 1. the same Year And the Earl of Richmond and such as had gotten over to him were attainted in Parliament 1484. Nor was the Earl idle all this time but applied himself to Charles VIII King of France who liberally assisted him suitable to the Expedition And so the Earl having given the English Nobility his Oath That forthwith after his being possess'd of the Crown of England he would take to Wife the Lady Elizabeth as aforesaid they swore him Fealty and did him Homage and made ready to set forward for England And being inform'd That Richard had gotten the Daughters of Edward IV. into his hand with the Consent of the Queen their Mother and made away his Wife to the intent of marrying the said Lady Elizabeth he made the more haste and with the Earl of Pembroke and the rest put to Sea and landed at Milford Haven the August following and thence remov'd to Hereford where the Country came in to him and a Message from the Town of Pembroke That they were ready to give their
Conspiracy to kill the King raise a Rebellion alter Religion subvert the State and procure an Invasion of which Sir Walter Raleigh a mortal Enemy to Spain and no Friend of the Scots was one and after a Fourteen Years reprieval by the means of the Spanish Lieger Gundomar had his Head taken off upon the former Judgment though there wanted not those that thought it was Jure Injuria And now came on the Business of Spain As King of Scotland the King was in Amity with Spain as King of England at War with it And therefore finding himself under that double Circumstance he first call'd in all Letters of Mart against the Spaniard and not long after concluded a Peace with them to the Confirmation of which Albertus and Isabella Archdukes of Austria were sworn And thus in Peace with all Christendom the King created his Second Son Charles Duke of Albany then Four Years old Duke of York Jan. 2. 1604. with the yearly Fee of 40 l. payable by the Sheriff of York out of the Issues c. of that County The Year following was discover'd the Gun-Powder Treason Plot which ended in the Attainder and Death of the Conspirators and was particularly congratulated by the King of Spain and Archdukes of Austria In the Year 1610. the King having had an Aid of his Subjects to make his Son a Knight created Prince Henry now Seventeen Years of Age Prince of Wales but he liv'd not long to enjoy it for during the Treaty of a Marriage between Frederick Prince Palatine of the Rhine with the Lady Elizabeth the King 's only Daughter he sell sick and died Novemb. 6. 1612. However the Marriage took effect and was consummated on St. Valentine's Day following And Prince Charles created Prince of Wales 1615. But hear the time the King had created his Son Henry Prince of Wales he created a new Patent-Honour of descendible Knighthood by the Name of Knights Baronets The occasion thus In the beginning of the King's Reign Charles Lord Montjoy Lord Deputy of Ireland return'd for England and brought over with him Hugh O Neal Earl of Tyrone who Queen Elizabeth yet living had submitted himself to the Queen's Mercy and whom the King pardon'd and made proclamation That he should be treated with Respect and Honour And yet in 1609. he goes off into Ireland and with Tyrconnel and others gets beyond-Sea and sollicites a new Assistance from foreign Princes but having left several forfeited Lands behind them in the Counties of Colerain Tyrone and Donegal the King comes to Articles with the City of London for the planting and building the same Which being accepted the King by his Charter 1611. erects the Ville of Derry into a City and the Town of Colerain into a Mayor-Town and together with the said forfeited Lands consolidates the whole into one County by the Name of the County of London-Derry And having by the same Charter created a Body Politick of Twenty four Persons Twelve of them to be annually elected out of the Twelve First Companies of London for the Government of the same by the Name of The Society of the Governour and Assistants London of the New Plantation of Ulster in the Realm of Ireland grants the said City Town County and forfeited Lands to the said Society and their Successors in perpetuity under the yearly Rent of 205 l. And now to give Countenance to it and put 200000 l. in his Pocket without being beholden to his Subjects he erected this new Honour and for him his Heirs and Successors covenanted with each of them respectively That they and the Heirs Males of their Body should take Place next the youngest Sons of Barons That by way of augmentation to their own Arms they should bear a part of O Neal's Arms viz. in a Canton or Escutcheon Argent a hand Dextre couped Gules And lastly stinted their Number to Two hundred Persons whose Issue as they chanc'd to fail should not be supplied with new Persons but the Order to run out In which last Clause yet the King covenanted for himself only and left out his Heirs and Successors tho' if the printed Lists be true Himself made Two hundred and One. In consideration of which each of them was to maintain Thirty Foot-Soldiers in Ireland for Three Years after the rate of Eight-pence a Day and for the payment of the Monies strike a Tally in the Exchequer for 1000 l. The King also some time after erected a like Order of Baronets of Nova Scotia who instead of the said Hand dextre couped should wear an Orange-colour'd Ribbon athwart their Shoulders as Knights of the Bath their Red Ribbon with a Medal on which the Arms of Scotland were enamell'd and a Pear-Pearl at the end of it with this Motto Faxment is honestae Gloria But whether besides the advantage of another Plantation he got as much by the one as he did by the other does not appear Though this may be said of both All Parties were well satisfied Nor happen'd there during this time any thing much remarkable saving the breaking one Favourites Neck to make way for another the placing and displacing of Great Officers the frequent Creations of Nobility which though it added to their Number may perhaps be thought to have taken from their Grandeur and the Death of Queen Anne which happen'd March 2. 1619. The Palsgrave Frederick thus strengthen'd with the Alliance of England was in the Year 1621. elected King of Bohemia Nor was he sooner invested in the Crown than the Imperial Bann issued against him which was so seconded with a longer Sword that having lost the Battel of Prague and with it his New Crown and his own Patrimony of the Upper and Lower Palatinate he was forc ' to retire into Holland On this King James though he never could be brought to own his Son-in-Law as a King had that care of his Daughter that he sent an Embassie to the Emperour to sollicite the Restitution of the Palatinate which returning without success he consults Gundomar what to do in the matter who advises him to make a Marriage with the Prince his Son and the Infanta of Spain Which said he would be easily effected if the Prince might have leave to make a Journey into Spain Which was accordingly done and the Prince receiv'd with all the Kindness and Magnificence imaginable Where having been spun out for eight Months together to no purpose contrary to the Expectation of most Men he return'd safe into England Whereupon the King taking new measures it was first resolv'd to recover the Palatinate by Arms in which the Parliament promised him a liberal Assistance and next to provide the Prince a Wife elsewhere For which purpose an Embassie was sent into France to treat of a Marriage with Henrietta Maria younger Daughter of King Henry IV. and Sister of Lewis XIII King of France which took effect but was not consummated 'till after the Death of King James which happen'd March 27. 1625. in the
to him deseated a strong Party under the Command of Sir John Browne and from one step to another at last takes St. Johnstoun He was now about laying a Siege to Sterlin-Castle when the King taking the Opportuity march'd his Army into England by the way of Carliste Aug. 6. 1651. where he was forthwith proclaim'd King and met no opposition 'till he came to Warrington Bridge where Lambert got up with his Reer and was worsted But the King 's wearied Army being not able to reach London he came to Worcester Aug. 22. 1651. where probably he might have expected Supplies though few came in to him saving Sir Cecil Howel Son of the Lord Howard of Escrick who met him by the way with about 60 Horse of his own raising and the Earl of Darby with 250 Foot and about 70 Horse at Worcester from whence going into Lancashire with a considerable number of Officers that had serv'd King Charles I. he form'd a reasonable Army but ere he could get back to the King was intercepted and with the slaughter of most of them taken Prisoner himself and not long after beheaded notwithstanding the Quarter that had been given him On this Cromwel surrounds Worcester where whether it were by Fate or Treachery he gave the King a total Rout the said Septemb. 3. was a Year with the slaughter of 2000 and 8000 taken Prisoners besides 76 Cornets of Horse and 99 Colours of Foot with the King's Standard However the King leaving Colonel Carlosse in his Reer got off in the dark to a House of the Earl of Darby's about Twenty five Miles from Worcester where by the Diligence of the said Colonel and the Fidelity of the Pendrils Men of an ordinary Condition he was first preserv'd in an Oak and from one Disguise to another at last safely landed in France by a small Cole-Bark of which one Tettershal was Master Octob. 22. following And now Cromwel returns triumphantly thro' London with his Trophies and Prisoners driven before him the former of which he hung up in Westminster-Hall and so dieted the latter in Tuttle-Fields that there being scarce 500 of them left alive he sold them Slaves to the Barbadoes But ere he came out of Scotland he had left the Chief Command of the English Forces there to General Monck a Gentleman of an ancient Family in Devon bred a Soldier in the Low-Country Wars and who had honourably serv'd King Charles I. both in England and Ireland but being taken Prisoner by the Parliament and under some straits in the Tower Cromwel who could not engage him to draw his Sword for them in England prevails yet with him to go with him into Scotland against the Covenanters Where having left him Sterlin-Castle was in a short time deliver'd to him Dundee taken by storm and the rest of the Kingdom generally subdu'd or submitted to the New Lords at Westminster On which they enacted the Union of the two Nations and the Abolition of Monarchy in Scotland And yet ere matters came to this heighth there fell an occasion of Quarrel between the Dutch and them Dorislaus who drew the Charge against King Charles I. had been sent by them Ambassadour to the Hague where about a dozen Cavaliers headed by one Whitford enter'd his Chamber as he was at Supper with some of the States kill'd him and got away As not long after ran the same fate Ascham their Envoy at Madrid However this Infant-State thought it not fit to make a downright Quarrel 'till they could go by themselves but sent other Ambassadours St. Johns and Strickland to offer a League with the United Provinces which was entertain'd with so little forwardness that within a Month after the Battel of Worcester they passed an Act against the importing of Merchandize in other than English Bottoms disturb'd their Fishing on the English Coast search'd their Ships as carrying Provisions to France and made some of them Prize And now the Dutch send their Ambassadours to desire that Friendship they before slighted and the Rump on the other hand so stood on Terms never likely to be granted that it came to Blows and the Dutch wisely made the Flag the state of the Quarrel Whereupon ensued several Naval Engagements The first of these was May 17. 1652. where with 23 Ships against 42 of the Dutch of which one was taken another sunk and no one of the English so much as disabled Blake first asserted the Dominion and carried it for that time and the States excus'd it as a rash Action done by Trump without their Privity or Consent But the Men at Westminster requiring Satisfaction for their Charge and Damages before they would hear further It came to a second between Sir George Askew and De Ruyter Aug. 16. and may be call'd a Drawn-Battel though the Dutch out-number'd him by Ten Ships During this time Blake had spoil'd and dispers'd their Herring-Fishing and taken Twelve Men of War that guarded them On which follow'd a third Engagement Octob. 28. between Blake Monck and Deane joint Admirals for the English and Witt Wittens and De Ruyter for the Dutch in which the Reer-Admiral of the Dutch was boarded and taken Two others sunk and One blown up besides Five of their West India Ships and Six Streights-Men which Blake had taken in his coming up to it The fourth was Novemb. 29. with 80 Dutch Ships against 40 English then riding in the Downs not expecting an Engagement in which Blake lost the Garland taken the Bonadventure burnt and three others sunk and by the favour of the Night got off with the rest On which Trump stuck a Broom in his Main-top The fifth was Feb. 8. off of Portland which lasted three Days and in which the English lost one Ship The Sampson and Blake receiv'd a desperate Wound on his Hip the Lameness of which he never recover'd but took Eleven of their Ships of War besides Thirty Merchant-Men On which the Rump laid a Tax of 120000 l. a Month for the maintaining the War The sixth was June 2. 1653. at what time Trump coming upon our Coasts with 104 Ships of War 12 Galleots and 9 Fire-ships was encountred by Monck and Deane with 100 of all sorts The Fight was desperate and lasted two Days during which without any one Ship lost or disabled and saving his Colleagne Deane who was taken off by the Waste by a Great-shot but one Captain kill'd Monck sunk six of their best Ships saw two others blown up and took eleven of which three were Flag-ships when at last Blake coming in with 18 fresh Ships the Dutch got off upon their Flatts The seventh and last Engagement was July 29. when Trump coming up with 95 Ships was met by Monck who by reason of Blake's Indisposition now commanded singly with 106 Ships and fought it 'till Night parted them But by the next Morning Trump being re-enforc'd with 25 Ships by Wittens and Monck having given Orders through his Fleet neither to give nor take Quarter
which in contempt of one of its Members was call'd Praise God Barebone's Parliament and they held it 'till December the same Year 4. From that time it was in the hands of Cromwel with the Title of Lord Protector 'till September 1658. 5. After him his Son Richard had it as Successor to his Father 'till he was turn'd out by the Army in April 1659. and then for a Fortnight together it lay no-where 6. The May following the Rump got it again and held it 'till they were turn'd out by Lambert the same Year And here also for some time together it lay no-where 'till 7. The Council of Officers erected A Committee of Safety with like Supremacy and they held it 'till General Monck having declar'd for restoring the Rump Lambert march'd against him but being deserted by his Army Fleetwood writes to the Speaker Lenthal to desire him and the rest of the Members to return to the Exercise of their Trust And the General on the other hand having put his into such hands as favour'd his Design march'd towards London 8. On this the Rump resumes the Government Decemb. 26. and by a Letter of Thanks to Monck acknowledge the Restitution to their Authority was to be acknowledged to his Fidelity Case and Courage And yet he had not been long in Town ere they began to grow jealous of him and therefore for fear he might joyn with the City who had now declar'd they would pay no more Taxes 'till the Parliament were fill'd up they sent him into the City to break down their Gate c. which he accordingly did return'd his Army to their Quarters about Westminster and receiv'd the Thanks of the House Yet this did not so satisfie the Jealousie of a Commonwealth but that they press'd the Oath of Abjaration of the Royal Family to him which he took time to consider of But the next Morning march'd his Army into the City and joyn'd with them for having the House fill'd up 9. On this the Members that had been secluded the House in 1648. were restor'd Feb. 21. 1659. and they having constituted General Monck Captain General of all the Forces in the Three Kingdoms annull'd the former Council of State and appointed another and abrogated the Engagement and Oath of Abjuration dissolv'd themselves March 17. But before their rising sent out Writs for New Elections to meet April 25. 1660. In the mean time the Rumpers ply the General with their last effort and proffer him the Supreme Command of the Kingdoms as a single Person Which he answered to this purpose That for that matter it was submitted to the coming-Parliament nor should it be said of him That â—e bad run foul of that Rock on which Cromwel â—ad so lately split himself The Day being come the Lords as well as â—he Commons met in their respective Houses when having each of them received a Letter from his Majesty with a Declaration inclos'd the Lords resolv'd by Vote That they declare That according to the ancient and fundamental Constitution of this Kingdom the Government is and ought to be by King Lords and Commons To which the Commons agreed and each of them dispatch'd their several Answers â—o the said Letters superscribed To the King 's most Excellent Majesty And having caus'd Him to be solemnly proclaim'd May 8. they sent six Lords and twelve of the Commons to attend his Majesty and desire his return to the Exercise of his Kingly Office Which â—he accordingly did and landed at Dover the 25th and rode through London to Whitebal the 29th being his Birth Day and Thirtieth Year of his Age. Thus by the Conduct of one Man with a raw Army of not above Six Thousand was the Monarchy delivered from a Twelve Years Usurpation defended by at least Sixty Thousand Veterans strengthened with most of the Alliances of Europe and which adds to â—it without Blood a Stratagem perhaps not yet extant in History He was the Great Grandson of Sir Thomas Monck of Potheridge in the County of Devon by Frances one of the Daughters and Coheirs of Arthur Plantegenet Viscount Lisle of whom before in memory of which the King created him Duke of Albemarle Earl of Torrington Baron Monck of Potheridge Beauchamp and Teyes And so being come to our own Times is may seem needless to add further saving that the King was Crown'd April 23. 1661. and died of an Apoplexy Feb. 6. 1684. His only Wife and Relict was Catharine Daughter of John IV. King of Portugal now living by whom he had no Issue XXVII To King Charles II. succeeded his Brother James Duke of York c. who upon his first coming to the Crown profess'd Himself a Catholick with this Displeasure nevertheless That he could not alter the Religion as it was by Law establish'd He together with his Queen were Crown'd April 23. 1685. Nor was that scarce over when Two Rebellions the one in Scotland the other in the West of England broke out upon him and were defeated In the Year 1688. he publish'd A Declaration for Liberty of Conscience so far as it disturb'd not the Peace of the Kingdom Which so heated the People who yet had all along CONTENDED for it that having sent his Queen and young SON into France he follow'd Them not long after His first Wife was Anne Daughter of Sir Edward Hide Earl of Clarendon c. Lord Chancellor of England who died before he came to the Crown by whom he had Four Sons 1. Charles Stuart Duke of Cambridge born Octob. 22. 1660. died May 5. 1661. 2. James Stuart Duke of Cambridge born July 12. 1663. died June 20. 1667. 3. Charles Stuart Duke of Kendal born July 4. 1666. died May 22. 1667. 4. Edgar Duke of Cambridge born Sept 14. 1667. died June 8. 1671. And as many Daughters 1. Marie born April 30. 1662. married to William Henry Prince of Orange who were both Crown'd King and Queen April 11. 1689. The Executive Power in Him 2. Anne born Feb. 6. 1664. married to Prince George of Denmark August 7. 1683. 3. Henrietta born January 13. 1668. died Nov. 15. 1669. 4. Catharine born Feb. 9. 1670. died Decemb 5. 1671. His Second Wife Mary d'Este Daughter of Alphonso d'Este III. Duke of Modena Crown'd as before and had Issue by her Two Daughters 1. Catharine born Novemb. 7. 1674. died Octob. 3. 1675. 2. Isabel born Aug. 28. 1676. liv'd not long AND 1. Charles Duke of Cambridge born Nov. 7. 1667. died Decemb. 12. following c. Of the Augmentations of the Family of ENGLAND § VIII ITS First was when William the Conquerour joyn'd Normandy to the Crown of England 1066. Henry II. Conquer'd Ireland and in like manner united it 1172. Edward I. Wales 1283. Edward II. in Right of his Wife Isabel Daughter of Philip the Fair King of France brought in Aquitain and Ponticu And in the same Right Edward III. took upon him the Title of King of France and was the first of the English Kings that
his Astronomical Observations He had great Wars with the Swede till the Year 1570. In 1574. he began to build Cromenburg and two Years after open'd an University at Sora. He likewise highly adorned and advanc'd the Order of the Elephant His Queen was the Princess Sophia of Meckeburg By whom he had these following Sons and Daughters 1. Elizabeth born 1573. Married to Henry Julius Duke of Brunswick 1590. Deceased 1627. 2. Anne born 1574. given in Marriage to James King of Scotland and afterwards of Great Britain on the 20th of Aug. 1590. Deceased March the 2d 1618. 3. Augusta born 1580. Married to Adolph Duke of Holstein Gottorp Deceased 1629. 4. Hedewig born 1581. and Married Christianus the Second Elector of Saxony she departed this Life 1602. The Sons were 1. Christian the Fourth born 1577. 2. Ulrick Bishop of Sleswick Deceased 1624. And 3. John born 1583. who went into Muscovy where in hopes of succeeding to that Crown he Married the Princess Alexia but being seiz'd by an Apoplexy dyed without Issue An. 1602. Christian the Fourth was elected King at the Age of Thirteen his Father being yet living who having his thoughts on War tho' in time of Peace gave Orders for the raising several Fine Fortifications namely Christianstadt in Schonen Christiania in Norway Christianople in Bleking Gluckstadt upon the Elbe and Christian-Presk in Holstein He was engaged in several great Wars as first with the Swede then with Count Schaumburg a second time with the Swede in 1611. followed by a Peace in 1613. Then with the Emperour in 1625. on behalf of the Circle of the Lower-Saxony by whose Forces he was defeated in a Battel fought not far from Lutheram Bohrenburg then again with the Swede in 1643 at which time he had various Success till at length a Peace was concluded with 'em at the Town of Bremsbroe in the Year 1648. In 1618. he set out a Fleet for the Isle of Zeilan in the East-Indies the first that ever sailed from Denmark for those Parts which returned Freighted with Spice The Partner of his Bed and Fortunes was Anne Catharine Daughter of Joachim Frederick Elector of Brandenburg by whom he had Issue 1. Christian born 1603. elected to succeed him but dyed in the Prime of his Age An. 1647. 2. Frederick of whom more in the next Sect. And 3. Ulrick born 1611. deceased in Silesia of a Wound receiv'd by a Musquet-shot An. 1631. Besides these he had many natural Children namely John Ulrick of Guldenlow by a certain Lady named Catharina Andraea As also Christian Woldemar Earl of Hilstein Deceased at Lublin in the Swedish Service against the Poles An. 1656. Frederica Sophia Married to Christian Earl of Penzen Councellor of State Frederica Eleanora Married to Cornifitz Count d' Ulfeldt the King 's chief Taster deceased 1684. Frederica Elizabeth given in Marriage to John de Lindenau Councellor of State Christina to Hannibal a Geestadt Governour of Norway Frederica Hedewig espous'd to Ebbo d' Uhlefeldt And Dorothy who changed her Religion and took the Habit of a Nun Which Seven were born him by Madam Catharine Munkin Last of all by Madam de Wibiken he was Father of Ulrick Christianus de Guldenlow deceased 1661. And Elizabeth Married to Nicholas Count d' Ahlefeldt 9. VI. Frederick the Third Bishop of Bremen being beaten out of his Bishoprick by the Swede was after his Father and Brother Christian's Decease elected King of Denmark and Norway in the Year 1648. He discover'd Count Uhlefeldt's Conspiracy And had War with the English as also with the Swede till a Peace was made at Roschild 1654. But the War breaking out a fresh the next Year Copenhagen was besieged by the Swedes and Tuyen recovered by the Danes When a Peace was again concluded in 1666. In his Reign the constitution of the Government was altered and of an elective Monarchy made Hereditary His Queen was Sophia Amalia Daughter of George Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg by whom he had Issue as followeth 1. Christian the Fifth the present King of Denmark 2. Anna Sophia born 1647. and married in 1666. to John George the Third Elector of Saxony 3. Frederica Amalia born 1648. and married in 1667. to Christian Albert Duke of Sleswick 4. Wilhelmina Ernestina born 1650. the now Relict of Charles late Elector Palatine 5. George who crossing the Seas went for England where he married the Princess Anne Daughter of James Duke of York since King of England on the 28th of July 1683. by whom he has had many Children but all Daughters and short lived However in Aug. last this present Year 1689. she was at length brought to Bed of a Prince the Joy and Hopes of the English Nation 6. Ulrica Eleanora born 1656 and married to Charles the Eleventh the present King of Sweden May the 16th 1680. Besides these he left a natural Son Ulrick Frederick Count de Guldenlow the now Governour of Norway who by a certain noble Lady is Father of Woldemar Baron of Lowenthal a Colonel in the Danish Forces Afterwards he took to Wife Antonia Augusta Daughter of Anthony Count Oldenburg in the Year 1677. by whom he has many Children and amongst the rest Frederick Christianus As for the Good King he departed this life Feb. the 9th 1670. § VII And now for Christian the present King his Son and Sucessor born 1645. who in short has had sharp Wars with Sweden Has Imprisoned his Chancellor Greiffenfield for life Sat down before Hamburgh but was forced to raise his Siege Has restored the Danobrogick Order of Knighthood Has surrendred the Dutchy of Sleswick to the Duke of Holstein and is married to Charlotte Daughter of William Landtgrave of Hesse by whom he has Issue a fair Race of Princes viz. 1. Frederick born Oct. the 21st 1671. 2. Christianus Oct. the 18th 1675. 3. Sophia Hedewig Aug. the 28th 1677. 4. Christiana Charlotte Jan. the 18th 1679. 5. Charles Oct. the 25th 1680. And 6. William 1687. Of the Augmentation of the Regal Family § VIII AFter it had been enacted in the Reign of Queen Margaret that for the future Denmark Sweden and Norway should be Governed by the same Prince Christianus the First Earl of Oldenburg became possessed of these Three Kingdoms by Right of Election that is to say first of Denmark to which appertained Jutlandt Zelandt Tuyen Schonen Halland Bleking Temeren Bornholm Alsen Lang-Landt Lalandt Hyen c. secondly â—f Norway and its Dependencies to which â—â—so belonged the Isles of Orkney and Iseland â—â—irdly of Sweden together with both the Sothlands Lapland Finland and other its appurtenances In the Year 1459. Christianus he First bought the Earldom or County of Holstein for three and thirty Thousand Florins 〈◊〉 1474. the County of Holstein was erected into a Dutchy of the sacred Roman Empire Upon the Death of Adolph Duke of Sleswick that Dutchy as held in Fee fell to the Crown Christian the Third bought the Isle of Oesel and Lordship of Auron in Livonia where
Elizabeth born 1540. married to John Frederick Duke of Saxony 1558. deceased 1594. 4. Herman Lewis drowned in France 1556. 5. John Casimire born March 7. 1543. who by his Wife Elizabeth as others Anne Daughter of Augustus Elector of Saxony had an only Daughter named Dorothy born 1580. married to John George Prince of Anhault Dessau 1598 or 95 deceased 1618. or 1610. 6. Susanna Dorothy born Nov. 19. 1544. married to John William Duke of Saxony 1560. deceased March 4. 1592. 7. Albert deceased an Infant An. 1546. 8. Anne Elizabeth born 1545. and married in 67. to Philip the Second Landtgrave of Hesse and again in 1599. to John Augustus Count Palatine in Deux Ponts she died 1609. 9. Charles deceased in his Infancy 1552. 10. Cunigunda Jacobaea born 1556. espoused to John Count Nassau in Dillenburg deceased 1586. 11. Christopher born June 13. 1551 sent by his Father to the Wars in Flanders and there Slain at the Battel of Mockerheiden 1574. Lewis the Sixth was his Father's Successor and wholly addicted to Luther's way of Worship as also a constant Reader of the Holy Scriptures Moreover he subscribed the Book of Concord being a very Peaceable Prince never medling with other Mens matters His first Princess was Elizabeth Daughter of Philip Landtgrave of Hesse who deceasing in 1582. he took to Wife Anne Daughter of Ezhard Earl of East-Friseland By the first Lady he had Issue Eleven Children whereof only Two were living at his Death which happened in the Year 1583. namely Frederick the Fourth and Mary Anne born 1561. who was married to Charles Duke of Sudermanland afterwards King of Sweden and died 1580. § X. Frederick the Fourth was born March 5. 1547. and brought up a Protestant In 1606. he built Manheim and began to fortifie the same He likewise very much enlarged the University of Heidelberg and took no less care for the Improvement of the whole Province His Death bears date Sept. 9. 1610. His Princess being Lovise Juliana Daughter of William Prince of Orange and his Issue by her as followeth 1. Lovise Juliana born June 16. 1594. married to John the Second Count Palatine of Deux-Ponts 1612. deceased 1640. or 1637. 2. Frederick the Fifth Prince Elector born Aug. 16. 1596. 3. Elizabeth Charlotte born Nov. 7. 1597. married to George William Elector of Brandenburg 1616. deceased 1657. or 1660. 4. Lewis Philip born Nov. 23. 1602. who being Ship'd in the same bottom was obliged to run the same Risque with his Brother Frederick Nevertheless he had the Palatinate of Simmeren restored him by the Instrument of the Feace of Osenburg and died afterwards at Berlin An. 1654. His Princess was Mary Eleanor Daughter of Joachim Frederick Elector of Brandenburg by whom he had Issue 1. Herman Maurice Francis born Oct. 1. 1640. in whom the Branch of Simmeren withered and became extinct by his dying without Issue An. 1673. And 2. Elizabeth Charlotte Mary born Oct. 24. 1638. and affianced to George Duke of Lignitz she departed this Life 1664. Frederick the Fifth succeeded his Father in the Electorate and was Elected and Crown'd King of Bohemia also in opposition to Ferdinand the Second Nov. 4. 1619. but being defeated the Year following by the Emperor's Forces in a great Battel Fought in a place called the White Hill not far from Prague was forced to fly into Holland whereupon he was forthwith Proscribed deposed from his Electoral Dignity and beat out of all his Dominions notwithstanding the great distast shown thereat by the Electors of Saxony and Brandenburg and many other Princes Nevertheless the greater part of the Palatinate being recovered after the Battel of Leipsick by Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden Frederick after ten Years Exile came to Frankfort in the Year 1632. and continued in those Parts for some time But this was only a Mockery of Fortune for he died at Mentz on Nov. 19. in the same Year O. S. not many Months after the Death of His Swedish Majesty who was Slain at the Battel of Lutz leaving the Princess Elizabeth Daughter of James the First King of Great Britain a disconsolate Widow and by her this following Issue 1. Frederick Henry born Jan. 1. 1614. and drowned in Harlem Meer on the 7th of the same Month An. 1629. and the 15th of his Age. 2. Charles Lewis born Dec. 22 12. 1617. of whom more in the next Section 3. Elizabeth born Dec. 26. 1618. she was made Lady Abbess of Hervorden in Germany being mightily addicted to the Muses and study of Philosophy especially Des Cartes's or the new and departed this Life on Jan. 8. 1680. 4. Rupert the Eleventh born Dec. 17. 1619. at Prague in Bohemia but brought up in Holland At the Battel of Lemgow he was taken and sent Prisoner to the Emperor at Vienna From whence being set at liberty he came for England where in 1642. he opposed with good Success the Rebellious Forces of the Parliament raised against the Government of King Charles the First In 1650. he left England and went for Portugal and from thence into Germany to his Brother After the Restauration of Charles the Second King of England he returned into that Country where he was made Admiral and at length died a Batchellor on the 19th of Nov. 1682. 5. Maurice born Dec. 27 17. 1620. Perished by Shipwrack in the Atlantick Ocean An. 1654. 6. Lovise Hollandina born 1622. and brought up a Protestant but she changed her Religion and went into France where she became Lady Abbess of Maubuison and died July 5. 1684. 7. Lewis born 1623. deceased two Years after 8. Edward born Oct. 6. 1624. who sought his Fortunes in France where in short he married Anne Gonzaga Daughter of Charles Duke of Nevers turn'd Catholick and died March 13. 1663. leaving Issue Three Daughters 1. Mary Lovise married to Charles Oths Count de Solmes deceased Mar. 11. 1679. 2. Anne born July 23. 1647. married to Henry Julius de Bourbon Duke d' Enghien Dec. 11. 1663. deceased And 3. Benedicta Henrietta Philippina born 1648. and married in 1668. to Frederick Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg She is now a Widow and lives at Paris 9. Henrietta Maria born 1626. she was married to Sigismund Prince of Transilvania and died Sept. 18. 1651. 10. Philip born Sept. 16 26. 1627. and Slain at the Battel near St. Stephens Dec. 15. 1650. 11. Sophia born Octob. 13. 1630. and married in 1658. to Ernest Augustus Bishop of Osenburg and Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg 12. Gustavus born Jan. 14. 1632. deceased in the same Month 1641. And 13. Charlotte deceased an Infant 1631. but born 1628. and should have been mentioned next Prince Philip. § XI We now return to Charles Lewis who during his Father's Exile was brought up in Holland where he made great Proficiency in the Study of Languages and other Sciences By the Peace of Prague there was only an Allowance settled on him and his Brethren suitable to their Quality but at length by that of
to the King of Denmark which yet by an amicable Composition was restor'd again in August 1689. Yet the Family of Anhalt makes Pretension to the Dutchy of Lower Saxony vulgarly call'd Sachsen or Saxon-Lawenburg by the death of Julius Franciscus in 1689. the last Duke of Lower Saxony and of that Lineage CHAP. XVI Of the Family of Nassau and Orange § I. OF this Family there are some things to be enlarg'd on in regard the now King of England William Henry is descended from it But not to perplex our selves too much in searching out its Original which certain it is flourish'd in the IX Century it sufficeth at present if we take notice That from Walram and Otto Sons of Henry surnamed The Rich Earl of Nassau sprang two Capital Lines viz. that of Idstein afterwards call'd Saraepont from Walram and that of Dillenburg which now enjoys the Principality from Otto and therefore we shall confine our selves singly to that This Otto in the Division of the Patrimony had to his share the Counties of Dillenburg and Bielstien and left one Son Henry Father of Otto II. who married Adelheid Daughter of Godfrey Earl of Viand by whom he had John Father of Engelbert and Adolphus who died without Issue But Engelbert married very advantageously with Joan of Poland Daughter and Heir of Philip Baron of Leck and Breda who brought him John II. born Aug. 1. 1410. who by his Wife Mary Countess of Lohen and Heinsburg had Engelbert II. who died without Issue and John III. who by Elizabeth of the House of Hesse had two Sons Henry and William the Elder of whom and of his Posterity we shall speak Sect. III. § II. Henry born Aune 12. 1483. His first Wife Frances the Daughter of James Earl of being dead he took Claudia Daughter of John Cabillonius Prince of Orange 1515. who also dying 1521. he married Mencia Mendora Daughter of Radericus Marquess of Genett afterwards Duke of Calabria He had Issue by Claudia only to wit Renatus whom his Uncle Philibert Prince of Orange having no Issue of his own adopted and left him Heir of the Principality 1530. Renatus also dying without Children 1544. he bequeathed all to his Cousin-German William who being content with what he had in the Low-Countries and Orange gave up all beyond the Rhine to his Brother John and was a Prince worthy of all Memory His first Son was Henry Philip William who died without Issue 1618. by which means the Principality came to his Brother maurice a well-experienc'd Prince either for Peace or War He died April 23. 1625. but unmarried whereby having no legitimate Issue he was succeeded by his Brother Henry Frederick third Son of William the Younger whom after the death of the said Maurice the States of the United Provinces of the Low Countries made Stadt-Holder which he manag'd with a surpassing Courage and Conduct He died 1647. and by Amalia Countess of Solms who died in 1675. left Four Daughters 1. Louisa married Decemb. 7. 1646. to Frederick William Elector of Brandenburg died June 6. 1667. 2. Henrica Aemilia born Oct. 26. 1628. married 1648. to William Frederick Prince of Nassau and Hereditary Governour of Friesland now a Widow 3. Henrica Catharina born 1637. married 1658. to John George II. Prince of Anhalt 4. Mary born 1641. married to Lewis Herman Maurice Francis Palatine of Simmeren died in March 1678. by whom he had two Sons William and Lewis who died an Infant The former a magnanimous Prince how unfortunately soever he died Nov. 6. 1650. He was married in the Fifteenth Year of his Age to Mary eldest Daughter of Charles I. King of Great Britain who died Decemb. 24. 1660. From which Marriage but born after the death of his Father came William Henry born Novemb. 4. 1650. He was restored to the Dignity of his Ancestors in the Stadt-Holdership of the United Provinces 1672. and as born to greater was elected and proclaimed King of England Feb. 13. 1688. and thereupon Crown'd April 10. following and not long after declar'd King of Scotland He married Mary eldest Daughter of James Duke of York second Son of Charles I. and after the death of his elder Brother Charles II King of England with whom he now lives § III. We now now to John III. Son of William the Elder and Brother of William Prince of Orange He dwelt in the Castle of Dillenburg and had 25 Children of which 4 only are chiefly to be remembred in this place viz. John George Ernestus Casimier and John Lewis for from them sprang the several Lines of Siegen Dillenburg Diezen and Hademar on each of which the Emperour Ferdinand III. in the Diet of Ratisbonne March 3. 1654. conferr'd the Honour of having a Voice and Seat among the Princes of the Empire Of the Line of Siegen § IV. THe Beginner of this Line was John surnamed Medius Son of John III. who had 23 Children by two Wives but we shall first mention those of the Second Marriage 1. John Mauritius surnamed Americanus a Prince the most remarkable of our time He was Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem Vicegerent of the Dutchy of Cleves and the Principality of Mindane c. Died Decemb. 20. 1679. in the 75th Year of his Age. 2. George Frederick he commanded the Prince of Orange's Regiment of Horse-Guards and died without Issue 1674. 3. Henry Governour of the City of Huy in Flanders and died first of his Brothers He had to Wife Mary Elizabeth Daughter of John Ernestus Earl of Limburg who died 1653. and by her 1. Frederick who in the Leagure of Maestricht got the Bloody Flux of which he died at Ruremond in Septemb. 1676. 2. William Maurice He was Colonel of a Regiment of Switz and General for the States of the United Provinces in the Low Countries He married Ernesta Charlotta Daughter of Adolphus Prince of Nassau of the Line of Dillenburg Jan. 6. 1678. by whom he had one Son born Feb. 20. 1680. whose Name yet has not occurr'd to us 3. Sophia Amalia married to Frederick Casimier Duke of Courland She died Dec. 25. 1688. By his first Marriage he had two Sons John the Younger and William born of Magdalen Countess of Waldeck William was married to Christian Countess of Erpach but left no Son by her and died 1642. John went off to the Church of Rome and by Ernestina of Arenburg and after his death which was in 1638. left One Son and Two Daughters 1. John Francis Desideratus who serv'd the King of Spain and was by him made Knight of the Golden Fleece and in 1680. Governour of Gelderland in Lower Germany He was twice married First to Johanna Claudia Countess of Conigseck who died 1664. next to Maria Eleanora Sophia Daughter of Herman Fortunatus Marquiss of Baden who died 1668. From both which these only that I find got up to years 1. Mary Leopoldina married to Maurice Henry a Kinsman by the Father's side of the Line of Hademar She died
the before-mention'd Lady Jane who with her Husband were arraign'd and attainted Nov. 3. next ensuing as also was Archbishop Cranmer The beginning of January following the Emperour Charles V. sent over Ambassadours fully impower'd to treat and conclude a Marriage between Queen Mary and Philip Prince of Spain his Son and Heir which afterwards took effect But this Match being not so well relish'd by the Commons nor much better by some of the Nobility it was confederated between them to raise a War rather than suffer such a Change of State as they doubted might follow by the Queen 's thus Matching her self with a Stranger The first that appear'd in it was Sir Tho. Wiat a powerful Man in Kent The occasion thus A near Friend of his one of the Conspirators was committed to the Fleet by the Council for other matters whereupon Sir Thomas suspecting that the Plot was discover'd ran into Arms before the time that had been appointed between them However having gotten a strong Party together he publish'd a Declaration at Maidstone in Kent against the said Marriage and thereby desired his Friends and all English Men to join with him and others to defend the Realm from the danger of being brought in Thraldom to Strangers Whereupon several considerable Persons with their Followers came in to him And the Duke of Suffolk made the like Proclamation in Leicester Nor wanted the Queen on the other hand such as gather'd as fast to suppress them for the Lord Abergavenny having oppos'd him in Kent and Coventry shut their Gates against the Duke of Suffolk there seem'd nothing to the contrary but the Duke of Norfolk by this time gone down against him must have swallow'd him as probably he had done but that 500 of the London White-Coats that went with him revolted and took part with Wiat. Upon which the Duke made what retreat he could and Wiat went on for London but being beaten off at London-Bridge he got over at Kingston and was so encounter'd from Park Corner to St. James's and thence to Charing-Cross and through the Strand that being not able to make further than Temple-Earr where he met a fresh Opposition he deliver'd himself and was sent to the Tower Feb. 7. following and in two days after the Duke of Suffolk The Lord Guilford Dudley and the Lady Jane his Wife behead the 12th and the 23d of the same Month the Duke himself and Sir Thomas Wiat headed and quartered but neither drawn nor hang'd April 11. 1555. his Head set upon the Gallows and his Quarters about the City After which the Marriage between the Queen and Prince Philip of Spain was openly solemniz'd July 25. the same Year and a Parliament open'd Novemb. 12. following in which Reginald Pool Cardinal Legate à Latere from Pope Julius III. not many days before landed in England was restor'd in Blood and the Act of Henry VIII by which he was attainted repealed and the Kingdom reconcil'd and absolv'd the 29th of the same Month but not before an Act had first pass'd for securing Abbey-Lands in the hands of the present Possessors and the Cardinal made Archbishop of Canterbury the March following In the Year 1557. the Queen to compliment her Husband proclaim'd a War against France and at the same time held Callice so unprovided that the Duke of Guise â—in revenge of the Loss of St. Quintin surpriz'd it and took it in a Week's time after it had been in the English possession 211 Years It was said that the Queen was with Child and a solemn Office appointed to be used in all Churches for her safe Delivery but it prov'd a Mola or false Conception of which shedied without Issue Novemb. 17. 1558. in the Thirty ninth Year of her Age and Sixth of her Reign And the same day died the said Cardinal Pool a younger Son of Sir Richard Pool Knight of the Garter by the Lady Elizabeth Countess of Salisbury Daughter of George Duke of Clarence Brother of King Edward IV. and left the Kingdom reconcil'd as hath been said Yet this hindred not but that XXIII The Lady Elizabeth Half Sister to Queen Mary by the Father a Protestant was proclaim'd Queen and Crown'd Jan. 25. following She rescinded whatever the Queen her Sister had done in matters of Religion and proceeded upon what her Brother King Edward VI. had begun Amongst the rest she suppress'd such Religious Houses as were a-new set up by Queen Mary as Sion Sheen Westminster c. This last Monastery was in the Year 1539. surrender'd to Henry VIII who erected thereof a Dean and Chapter and in 1542. rais'd it to a Bishoprick of which he made Thomas Thâ—â—â—bye the first Bishop who prov'd the last also for the Queen made it a College consisting of a Dean Twelve Prebends a Schoolmaster an Usher Forty Scholars Twelve Almsmen and named it the Collegiate Church of Westminster The Reformation of Edward VI. in England had by this time reach'd Scotland which the Queen Dowager by assistance of the French strongly oppos'd and many of the Scots Nobility on the other hand make suit to Queen Elizabeth under the Name of The Lords of the Congregation for her Aid against Popery and them which was readily granted and a considerable Army sent into Scotland 1560. where after various Fortune on either side and the death of the Queen Dowager of Scotland a Peace was concluded between Queen Elizazeth and Francis and Mary King and Queen of France and Scotland about July following immediately after which died the said Francis leaving his Crown to his younger Brother Charles and the said Mary Queen of Scotland Queen Dowager of France who though laid wait for to be intercepted took the opportunity of a Mist and got safely into Scotland 1562. from whence she sent Letters to Queen Elizabeth proffering all observance and readiness to enter into League with her so she might by Authority of Parliament be declar'd her Successor which was but her Right To which the Queen answer'd That though she would no way derogate from her Right yet she should be loth to endanger her own Security and as it were cover her Eyes with a Grave-Cloth while she was alive And here began the Jealousies of State between the two Queens the one doubting her Succession was intended to be frustrated and the other That her Possession might be invaded And yet they kept it so fair with each other that the Queen of Scots being in 1563. follicited by her Uncle the Cardinal of Lorrain to a Marriage with Charles Archduke of Austria with an Offer of the Arrears of her Dowry and a Restauration of the Scots to their former Liberties in France which by the death of her Uncle the Duke of Guise had been broken in case she would adhere to the French against whom the Queen of England had about that time assisted the Hugonots she gives her notice of it and requires her Advice in it Queen Elizabeth on the other hand persuades her to take a
his Father He had War with Frederick the Palatine but unsuccessfully for he was taken Prisoner and came off on very hard Terms He died 1475. and by Catharine Daughter of Ernestus of Austria besides three Daughters left three Sons 1. Christopher I. born Novemb. 13. 1453. of whom in the next Section 2. Albert I. born 1456. kill'd with a Great-shot at the Siege of The Dam in Flanders July 23. 1486. 3. Frederick born July 8. 1458. He was Bishop of Utrecht and died Septemb. 24. 1517. § III. This Christopher I. was a wise and fortunate Prince and died April 19. 1527. His Wife was Ottilia Daughter of Philip Earl of Catzenelbogen in Germany by whom he had 1. James II. born June 6. 1471. elected Archbishop of Triers 1505. died unfortunately at Cologne upon the Rhine 1511. 2. Mary Abbess of Lichtenthal died 1519. 3. Bernhand IV. born 1474. of whom in the next Section of the Line of Baden of Baden 4. Charles II. born May 21. but uncertain whether in 1475. or 1476. He was Canon of Triers and Strasburg died 1510. 5. Christopher II. born July 21. 1477. Canon of Strasburg and died March 29. 1508. 6. Philip I. born 1478. His Wife was Elizabeth Daughter of Philip the Palatine by whom he had one only Daughter that surviv'd him viz. Maria Jacobea born 1507. married to William IV. Duke of Bavaria died Nov. 15. 1580. 7. Ottilia born 1480. was Abbess of Pfortzheimen 8. Rodolphus XII Canon of Cologne and Strasburg died Sept. 21 1533. 9. Ernestus born Octob. 7. 1482. the Founder and Enlarger of the now Line of Durlach in Germany of whom in the Line of Durlach 10. Wolfgangus born 1484 died 1522. 11. Sybilla born 1485. married to Philip III. Earl of Hanouer 1503. died 1527. 12. Rosina born March 5. 1487. married to Wolfgangus Count Hohen-Zollern and after his death to John of Aven died 1554. 13. John born and died 1554. 14. Beatrice born June 22. 1492. married to John III. Palatine of Simeren died April 15. 1535. 15. George born 1493. died 1494. Of the Line of Baden of Baden § IV. ANd here we go back to the before-mentioned Bernhard IV. the Father of the now Line of Baden of Baden He took up the Doctrine of Luther planted it throughout his Dominions and died June 29. 1566. His Wife was Frances of Lutzelberg by whom he had 1. Philibert born Jan. 22. 1536. slain in Battel at Momonturne Octob. 3. 1565. and left his Son and Successor Philip II. born Feb. 19. 1559. but died without Issue June 17. 1588. 2. Christopher III. he dwelt in the Castle of Rodemachem and died 1575. His Wife was Caecilia Daughter of Gustavus King of Sweden who brought him 1. Edward surnamed The Fortunate born Septemb. 16. 1565. of whom hereafter 2. Gustavus Christopherus born Aug. 13. 1566. died 1609. 3. Philip III. born 1567. died 1620. 4. Charles IV. born March 7. 1569. died in the City of Genoua 1590. 5 Bernhard born 1570. died 1571. 6. John Charles born 1572. a Knight of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem before that time transferr'd to Malta died in the Low-Country Wars 1599. Of these Edward the Fortunate born in England his Cousin-Germain Philip the Second being dead came to the Government He embrac'd the Catholick Religion and being press'd with Debt went into the Low-Countries where he serv'd under Albert Arch-Duke of Austria He was married at Bruxels to Mary the Daughter of Jodochus of Eicken free Baron of Riviere and was Slain at his Secretaries Wedding June 18. 1600. and left Three Sons 1. William born 1593. of whom in the next Section 2. Albert Charles kill'd with a Shot 1626. 3. Herman surnamed The Fortunate born 1596. He liv'd in the Castle of Rademachem where also he dy'd 1664. nor left he any Posterity behind him § V. We go back therefore to William the First Eldest Son of Edward the Fortunate who had much to do e're he obtain'd the Marquisate for Ernestus Frederick of the House of Durlach a next Kinsman by the Father's side would not acknowledge the said William and his Brothers as Legitimate for that they were born of the aforesaid Mary of Eicken and therefore having gotten first Possession of the Marquisate so held it till the Emperor Ferdinand the Second declar'd in favour of the Children of the said Edward and gave Sentence that they should be restor'd to the Estate of their Ancestors On which William was made Prince Regent 1622. And in 1640. the Emperor 's chief Delegate in the Diet of Ratisbonne after that President of the Imperial Chamber at Spires and dy'd May 22. 1677. in the Eighty Fourth Year of his Age. His first Wife wâ—â— Catharine Ursula of the House of Zolleraâ—â—â—â— after whose death he married Mary Magdâ—â—â—s of the House of Oetingen and had by both of them Nineteen Children of whom Ten dy'd Young The rest were 1. Ferdinand Maximilian born Sepember 23. 1625. a singular Prince but kill'd by the bursting of a Gun as he was Hunting October 8. 1669. He married Louisa Christiana of Savoy Daughter of Thomas Prince of Carignan 1653. now a Widow and had by her one only Son Lewis William born Apr. 8. 1655. the now Marquess of Baden who after the death of his Father was brought up by his Grand-father whose Successor also he was till being disturb'd by the French and despoil'd of most of his Territories he betook himself to the Emperor by whom he was honourably receiv'd and after several great Actions by him perform'd made Mareschal de Camp against the Turks A Prince to be reckon'd among the chief of his Time 2. Leopold William born Sept. 16. 1626. He was Captain of the Emperor's Yeomen of the Guard and in the Turkish War headed a select part of the Army and having given several proofs of his Valour dy'd 1671. leaving one Son Leopold William the Second born Jan. 20. 1667. He has an Imperfection in his Speech and now lives in the Castle of Laboschitz in Bohemia 3 Philip Sigismund born Aug. 15. 1627. he was a Knight of Malta and Slain in the Battel of Orbitel 1647. 4. William Christopher born Oct. 11. 1628. a Canon of Cologne and Strasburg and and dy'd unfortunately 1652. 5. Herman his Twin-Brother who after many extraordinary Actions by him perform'd is now the Emperor 's Delegate in the Diet at Ratisbonne 6. Bernhard the Sixth born 1629. dy'd at Rome 1649. 7. Catharina Francisca born 1631. a Nun in the Cloyster of Besanson in Burgundy 8. Maria Anna Wilhelmina born 1655. married to Ferdinand Augustus of Lobkowitz Duke of Sagan 1680. 9. Carolus Bervhardus born Jan. 14. 1667. He serv'd the Emperor in the last War against France and was Slain at the Battel of Reinfelden July 5. 1678. but his Body not found Of the Line of Durlach § VI. THe Founder of this Line was Eâ—â—estus of whom before in the third Section Numb 9. among the Sons of Christopher the First He had the Lower Marquisate with