traversing and mounting yea greater security of the Artillery and consequently of the ship For the longer the peece is the greater is the retention of the fire and so the torment and danger of the peece the greater But here will be contradiction by many that dare avouch that longer peeces are to be preferred for that they burne their powder better and carrie the shott further and so necessarily of better execution whereas the short Artillery many times spends much of their powder without burning and workes thereby the slenderer effect To which I answere that for Land service Fortes or Castles the long peeces are to bee preferred but for shipping the shorter are much more serviceable And the powder in them being such as it ought will be all fiered long before the shott can come forth and to reach farre in fights at sea is to little effect For hee that purposeth to annoy his Enemie must not shoote at randome nor at point blanke if hee purpose to accomplish with his devoire nether must he spend his shott nor powdâ—r but where a pot-gun may reach his contrary how much the neerer so much the better and this duely executed the short Artillery will worke its effect as well as the long otherwise neither short nor long are of much importance but here my meaning is noâ— to approue the overshort peeces devised by some persons which at every shott they make daunce out of their cariages but those of indifferent length and which keepe the meane betwixt seaven and eight foote SECT XLVII THe entertainement wee gaue vnto our contraries being otherwise then was expected they fell off ranged a head having broken in peeces all our gallerie and presently they cast about vpon vs and being able to keepe vs company with their fighting sayles lay a weather of vs ordinarily within Musket shott playing continually with them and their great Artillerie which we endured and answered as we could Our Pinnace engaged her selfe so farre as that before shee could come vnto vs the Vice-admirall had like to cut her off and comming to lay vs aboord and to enter her men the Vice-admirall boorded with her so that some of our company entred our ship over her bow-sprit as they themselues reported We were not a little comforted with the fight of our people in safetie within our shippe for in all wee were but threescore and fifteene men and boyes when we began to fight and our Enemies thirteene hundred men and boyes little more or lesse and those of the choise of Peru. SECT LVIII HEere it shall not be out of the way to discourse a little of the Spanish Discipline and manner of their governement in generall which is in many things different to ours In this expedition came two Generals the one Don Beltran de Castro who had the absolute authoritie and commaund The other Michael Angell Filipon a man well in yeares and came to this preferment by his long and painefull service who though he had the title of Generall by sea I thinke it was rather of courtesie then by Pattent and for that hee had beene many yeares Generall of the south Sea for the carriage and waâ—tage of the silver from Lyma to Panama Hee seemed to bee an assistant to supply that with his counsell advice and experience whereof Don Beltran had never made tryall for hee commanded not absolutely but with the confirmation of Don Beltran for the Spaniards neuer giue absolute authoritie to more then one A custome that hath beene and is approoued in all Empires Kingdomes Common-wealthes and Armies rightly disciplined the mixture hath been seldome seene to prosper as will manifestly appeare if we consider the issue of all actions and iourneys committed to the government of two or more generally The famous victory of Hanniball against the Romane Consuls Paulus Emillius and Terrentius Varro was attributed to their equality of government The vnhappie ouerthrow giuen by the Turke Amurate to the Christian Princes in the Iourney of Nicapolis is held to haue proceeded from the difference betwixt the Heads euery one leaning to his owne opinion The ouerthrow in recouerie of the Holy land vndertaken by King Richard of England and King Philip of France sprang from the like differences and dissentions The victory of the Emperour Charles the fifth against the Protestant Princes of Germanie is imputed to their distractures arising from parity in command If we looke into our owne actions committed to the charge of two Generals thâ— effects and fruits which they haue brought forth for the most part will be found to be little better yea most of them through emulation envie and pride overthrowne and brought to nought though to couer their confusions there haue neuer beene wanting cloakes and colours The most approoved writers reprooue and call it a monster with two heads and not without reason For if the Monarchy be generally approoued for strongest soundest and most perfect and most sufficient to sustaine it selfe And the Democracie and Aristocracie vtterly reprooued as weake feeble and subiect to innovations and infirmities it cannot be but errour confusion and imperfection to differ or dissent from it For where the supreame government is divided betwixt two or more the Authoritie is diminished and so looseth his true force as a fagget of stickes whose bond being broken the entire strength is easily dissolued but all vnder correction The Spaniards in their Armadoes by Sea imitate the discipline order and officers which are in an Army by land and divide themselues into three bodies to wit Souldiers Marriners and Gunners Their Souldiers ward and watch and their officers in every Shippe round as if they were on the shoare this is the only taske they vndergoe except cleaning their Armes wherein they are not ouer curious The Gunners are exempted from all labour and care except about the Artillery And these are either Almaynes Flemmings or strangers for the Spaniards are but indifferently practised in this Art The Marriners are but as slaues to the reâ—t to moyle and to toyle day and night and those but few and bad and not suffered to sleepe or harbour themselues vnder the deckes For in faire or fowle weather in stormes sunne or raine they must passe voyde of couert or succour There is ordinarily in every shippe of Warre a Captaine whose charge is as that of our Masters with vs and alâ—o a Captaine of the Souldiers who commandeth the Captaine of the Shippe the Souldiers Gunners and Marriners in her yea though there be diuers Captaines with their companies in one shippe which is vsuall amongst them yet one hath the supreme authoritie and the residue are at his ordering and disposing They haue their Mastros de Campo Seargeant Master Generall or Captaine of the Artillery with their Assere Maior and all other officers as in a Campe. If they come to fight with another Armado they order themselues as in a
Company were in an vproare for that hee would not shoote presently at them before they saw their intention wherein had beene committed three great faults the first and principall the breach of Amitie betwixâ— the Princes and Kingdomes the second the neglect of common curtesie in shooting before hee had spoken with them and the third in shooting first being to lee-wards of the other Besides there was no losse of reputation because the French Kings Fleete was in his owne Sea and therfore for it to come to winde-ward or the other to goe to lee-ward was but that which in reason was required the Kingdomes being in peace and Amitie For every Prince is to bee acknowledged and respected in his iurisdiction and where hee pretendeth it to be his The French Generall likewise seemed well to vnderstand what hee had in hand for though he were farre superiour in forces yet vsed hee the termes which were required and comming within speech hayled them and asked if there were peace or warre betwixt England and France whereunto answere being made that they knew of no other but peace they saluted each other after the maner of the Sea and then came to an Anchor all together as and friends visited each other in their ships One thing the French suffered vpon what occasion or ground I know not that the English alwayes carried their flag displayed which in all other partes and Kingdomes is not permitted at least in our Seas if a Stranger Fleete meete with any of his Maiesties ships the forraigners are bound to take in their flags or his Maiesties ships to force them to it though thereof follow the breach of peace or whatsoever discommodity And whosoever should not be iealous in this point hee is not worthy to haue the commaund of a Cock-boat committed vnto him yea no stranger ought to open his flag in any Port of England where there is any shipp or Fort of his Maiesties vpon penaltie to loose his flagg and to pay for the powder and shott spend vpon him Yea such is the respect to his Maiesties Shippes in all places of his Dominions that no English Ship displayeth the Flagge in their presence but runneth the like daunger except they be in his Maiesties service and then they are in predicament of the Kings Ships Which good discipline in other Kingdomes is not in that regard as it ought but sometimeâ— through ignorance sometimes of malice neglect is made of that dutie and acknowledgement which is required to the cost and shame of the ignorant and malicious In Queene Maries Raigne King Philip of Spaine comming to marry with the Queene and meeting with the Royall Navie of England the Lord William Haward High Admirall of England would not consent that the King in the narrow Seas should carrie his Flagge displayed vntill he came into the Harbour of Plimouth I being of tender yeares there came a Fleete of Spaniards of aboue fiftie sayle of Shippes bound for Flaunders to fetch the Queene Dona Anna de Austria last wife to Philip the â—econd of Spaine which entred betwixt the Iland and the Maine without vayling their Top-sayles or taking in of their Flags which my Father Sir Iohn Hawkins Admirall of a Fleete of her Maiesties Shippes then ryding in Catt-water perceiving commanded his Gunner to shoot at the flagge of the Admirall that they might thereby see their error which notwithstanding they persevered arrogantly to keepe displayed wherevpon the Gunner at the next shott lact the Admirall through and through whereby the Spaniards finding that the matter beganne to grow to earnest tooke in their Flags and Top-sayles and so ranne to an Anchor The Generall presently sent his Boat with a principall personage to expostulate the cause and reason of that proceeding But my Father would not permit him to come into his Ship nor to heare his Message but by another Gentleman commanded him to returne and to tell his Generall That in as much as in the Queenes Port and Chamber he had neglected to doe the acknowledgment and reverence which all owe vnto her Maiestie especially her Ships being present and comming with so great a Navie he could not but giue suspition by such proceeding of malicious intention and therefore required him that within twelue houres he should depart the Port vpon paine to be held as a common enemy and to proceed against him with force Which answere the Generall vnderstanding presently imbarked himselfe in the same Boat and came to the Iesus of Lubecke and craved licence to speake with my Father which at the first was denyed him but vpon the second intreatie was admitted to enter the Ship and to parley The Spanish Generall began to demand if there were Warres betwixt England and Spaine who was answered that his arrogant manner of proceeding vsurping the Queene his Mistresses right as much as in him lay had given sufficient cause for breach of the Peace And that he purposed presently to giue notice thereof to the Queene and her Counsell and in the meane time that he might depart Wherevnto the Spanish Generall replyed that he knew not any offence he had committed and that he would be glad to know wherein he had mis-behaved himselfe My Father seeing he pretended to escape by ignorance beganne to put him in mind of the custome of Spaine and Fraunce and many other parts and that he could by no meanes be ignorant of that which was common Right to all Princes in their Kingdomes Demanding if a Fleete of England should come into any Port of Spaine the Kings Maiesties Ships being present if the English should carry their Flags in the toppe whether the Spanish would not shoot them downe and if they persevered if they would not beate them out of their Port. The Spanish Generall confessed his fault pleaded ignorance not malice and submitted himselfe to the penaltie my Father would impose but intreated that their Princes through them might not come to haue any jarre My Father a while as though offended made himselfe hard to be intreated but in the end all was shut vp by his acknowledgement and the auncient amitie renewed by feasting each other aboord and ashore The selfe same Fleete at their returne from Flaunders meeting with her Maiesties Shippes in the Channell though sent to accompany the aforesaid Queene was constrained during the time that they were with the English to vayle their Flagges and to acknowledge that which all must doe that passe through the English Seas But to our Voyage SECT XI COmming within the hayling of the Hulke wee demanded whence shee was Whether shee was bound and what her loading Shee answered that shee was of Denmarke comming from Spaine loaden with Salt we willed her to strike her Top-sayles which shee did and shewed vs her Charter-parties and Dilles of loading and then saluted vs as is the manner of the Sea and so departed SECT XII THe next day the wind became Southerly and somewhat too much and my
in the second Logg into the other Spowter and with all the force he can keepeth it in The Whale not being able to breath swimmeth presently ashore and the Indian a cock-horse vpon him which his fellowes discovering approach to helpe him and to make an end of him it serveth them for their foode many dayes after Since the Spaniards haue taught them the estimation of Amber greece they seeke curiously for it sell it to them and others for such things as they best fancie and most esteeme which are as I haue beene enformed all sortes of edge-tooles Copper Glasses Glasse-beads red Caps Shirts and Pedlery ware Vpon this subiect divers Spaniards haue discoursed vnto mee who haue beene eye witnesses thereof declaring them to be valorous ventrous and industrious otherwise they durst not vndertake an enterprise so difficult and full of danger SECT XX. FRom the Tropike of Cancer to three or foure degrees of the Equinoctiall the breze which is the North-east winde doth raigne in our Ocean sea the most part of the yeare except it be neere the shore and then the winde is variable In three or foure degrees of eyther side the line the winde hangeth Southerly in the moneths of Iuly August September and October all the rest of the yeare from the Cape bona esperança to the Ilands of Azores the breze raygneth continually and some yeares in the other moneths also or calmes but he that purposeth to crosse the lyne from the North-wards to the South-wards the best and surest passage is in the moneths of Ianuary February and March In the moneths of September October and November is also good passage but not to sure as in the former SECT XXI BEtwixt nineteene and twenty degrees to the South-wards of the lyne the winde tooke vs contrary which together with the sicknes of my people made mee to seeke the shore and about the end of October we had sight of the Land which presenlty by our height and the making of it discovered it selfe to be the port of Santos alias nostra Senora de Victoria and is easie to be knowne for it hath a great high hill over the Port which howsoever a man commeth with the land riseth like a bell and comming neere the shore presently is discovered a white Tower or Fort which standeth vpon the top of a hill over the Harbour and vpon the seamost land It is the first land a man must compasse before he enter the Port comming within two Leagues of the shore we anchored and the Captaynes and Masters of my other ships being come aboord it was thought convenient the weakenes of our men considered for wee had not in our three ships twenty foure men sound and the winde vncertaine when it might change we thought with pollicie to procure that which wee could not by force and so to offer traffique to the people of the shore by that meanes to proue if wee could attayne some refreshing for our sicke Company In execution whereof I wrote a letter to the Governour in Latine and sent him with it a peece of crymson Velvet a bolt of fine Holland with divers other things as a present and with it the Captaine of my ship who spake a little broken Spanish giving the Governour to vnderstand that I was bound to the East Indies to traffique in those parts and that contrary windes had forced me vpon that Coast If that hee were pleased to like of it for the commodities the Countrie yeelded in aboundance I would exchange that which they wanted With these instructions my Captaine departed about nine of the clocke in the morning carrying a flagge of truce in the head of the boate and sixteene men well armed and provided guided by one of my Company which two yeares before had beene Captaine in that place and so was a reasonable Pilot. Entring the Port within a quarter of a myle is a small Village and three Leagues higher vp is the chiefe Towne where they haue two Forts one on eyther side of the Harbour and within them ride the Ships which come thither to discharge or loade In the small Village is ever a Garrison of a hundreth Souldiers whereof part assist there continually and in the white Tower vpon the top of the hill which commaundeth it Heere my Captaine had good entertainement and those of the shore received his message and Letter dispatching it presently to the Governour who was some three Leagues off in another place at least they beare vs so in hand In the time that they expected the Post my Captaine with one other entertained himselfe with the Souldiers a shore who after the common custome of their profession except when they be hesonios sought to pleasure him and finding that he craved but Oranges Lemmons and matters of smal moment for refreshing for his Generall they suffered the women and Children to bring him what hee would which hee gratified with double Pistolets that I had given him for that purpose So got hee vs two or three hundreth Oranges and Lemmons and some fewe Hennes All that day and night and the next day till nine of the clocke wee waited the returne of our boate which not appearing bred in me some suspition and for my satisfaction I man'd a light horseman which I had and the Fancie the best I could shewing strength where was weakenesse and infirmity and so set sayle towardes the Port our Gunner taking vpon him to bee Pilote for that hee had beene there some yeares before Thus with them we entred the Harbour my Captaine having notice of our being within the Barre came aboord with the Boat which was no small ioy to me and more to see him bring vs store of Oranges and Lemmons which was that we principally sought for as the remedie of our diseased Company He made relation of that had past and how they expected present answere from the governour We anchored right against the village and within two houres by a Flagge of Truce which they on the shore shewed â—s wee vnderstood that the Messenger was come our Boat went for the answere of the governour who said he was sorry that he could not accomplish our desire being so reasonable and good for that in consideration of the warre betwixt Spaine and England he had expresse order from his King not to suffer any English to trade within his iurisdiction no nor to land or to take any refreshing vpon the shore And therefore craved pardon and that wee should take this for a resolute answere And further required vs to depart the Port within three dayes which he said he gaue vs for our courteous manner of proceeding If any of my people from that time forwards should approach to the shore that he would doe his best to hinder and annoy them With this answere wee resolved to depart and before it came with the first faire wind we determined to be packing but the wind suffered vs not all that night nor the next day In
though the Cittie had beene on a light fire About eight of the clocke all the Artillerie of the Citty was shott off which wee might discerne by the flashes of fire but could not heare the report yet the Armando being advised thereof and in a readinesse answered them likewise with all their Artillery which taking ende as all the vanities of this earth doe The Generall seâ—led himselfe to dispatch advise for the Kingâ— for the Vice-roy of Peru and for the Vice-roy of the Nova Spana for hee also had beene certified of our being in that sea and had fitted an Armado to seeke vs and to guard his coast But now for a farewell and note it Let me relate vnto you this Secret How Don Beltran shewed mee a Letter from the King his Master directed to the Vice-roy wherein he gaue him particular relation of my pretended voyage of the shippes their burden their munition thâ—ir number of men which I had in them as perfectly as it he had seene all with his owne eyes Saying vnto me Heereby may you discerne whether the King my Master haue friends in England and good and speedie advice of all that passeth Whereuâ—to I replyed It was no wonder for that he had plentie of gold and silver which worketh this and more strange effects for my iourney was publique and notorious to all the Kingdome whereunto hee replyed that if I thought it so convenient leaue should be given me to write into England to the Queenes Maiestie my Mistresse to my Father and to other personages as I thought good and leaving the Letters open that hee would send some of them in the Kings Packet others to his Vncle Don Rodrigo de Castro Cardinall and Archbishoppe of Sevill and to other friendes of his Not making any doubt but that they would be speedily in England For which I thanked him and accepted his courtesie and although I was my selfe vnable to write yet by the hands of a servant of mine I wrote three or foure coppies of one letter to my Father Sir Iohn Hawkins In which I briefly made relation of all that had succeeded in our voyage The dispatches of Spaine and new Spaine went by ordinary course in ships of advise but that for the Peru was sent by a kinseman of the Generalls called Don Francisco de la Cuena Which being dispatched Don Beltran hasted all that ever hee could to put his shippes in order to returne to Lyma Hee causâ—d the Daintie to be grounded and trimmed for in those Ilands it higheth and falleth some fifteene or sixteene foote water And the Generall with his Captaines and some Religious men being aboord her and new naming her named her the Visitation for that shee was rendred on the day on which they celebrate the visitation of the blessed Virgin Mary In that place the ground being plaine and without vantage whereby to helpe the tender sided and sharpe shippes they are forced to shore them on either side In the midest of their solemnity her props and shores of one side fayled and so shee fell over vpon that side suddenly intreating many of them which were in her very badly and doubtles had shee bin like the shippes of the South Sea shee had broken out her bulge but being without Mastes and empty for in the South Sea when they bring a ground a shippe they leaue neither mast balast nor any other thing abourd besides the bare hull her strength was such as it made no great show to haue received any domage but the feare shee put them all into was not little and caused them to runne out of her â—aster then a good pace In these Ilands is no succour nor refreshing onely in the one of them is one house of strawe and a little spring of small moment For the water which the shippes vse for their provision they fetch from another Iland two Leagues west north-west of these which they call Tabaga having in it some fruite and refreshing and some fewe Indians to inhabite it What succeeded to mee and to the rest during our Imprisoment with the rarities and particularities of the Peru and Tierra firme my voyage to Spaine and the successe with the time I spent in pryson in the Peru in the Tercera in Sevill and in Madrid with the accidents which befell me in them I leaue for a second part of this discourse if God giue life and convenient place and rest necessary for so tedious and troublesome a worke desiring God that is Almightie to giue his blessing to this and the rest of my intentions that it and they may bee fruitefull to his glory and the good of all then shall my desires be accomplished and I account my selfe most happie To whom be all glory and thankes from all eternitie FINIS Errata sic corrige FOlio 5. for recant read recount fol. 7. and 9. for wasters read waâ—ters fol. 9. line 7. for light read last fol. 15. for serue read saue fol. 23. for we not read we were not for the River of Ieromino read Ienero for rose read nose The litteralls are commended to favour The Table of the principall Observations conteined in this Booke A Advantage of obedience Folio 91 Advise by Land and Sea Folio 117 Advertisements for Commanders Folio 91 For servitors Folio 92 Agnanapes Folio 62 Noblenes of Alonso de soto Folio 103 Alcatrices Folio 44 Amber-grice Folio 46.47 Amitie of the Indians Folio 116 Mending of vnserviceable Anchors Folio 87 Light Anchors fit for the South Sea Folio 102 Arica Folio 114 Valour of the Arawcans Folio 107 Much commended for all sorts of fruit and gold Folio 106 Spanish Armado Folio 125 Arrogancy of the Spanish Generall Folio 140 Overcharging of Artillery Folio 115 Courses for Artillery after bourding Folio 145 Donna Austria in the narrow Seas Folio 21 B BAckwardnesse of Companies Folio 90 Evill consequences thereof ibid Baldivia Folio 96 English Bay Folio 82 The Bezar stone Folio 47 Beefe pickled 69. held good beyond the Equinoctiall ibid Blanches Bay Folio 77 Pollicies to avoid Bourding Folio 138 The Bonito Folio 42 Brasil knowne c. Folio 38 Bravo Folio 29 Description of Brasil Folio 64 Its Hauens Folio 64 Commodities and wants Folio 65 Bestial and discommodities ibid Losse of the Burdeaux Fleete Folio 9 C FAlse Calking Folio 18 Prevention thereof ibid Thomas Candish 85. surprised Folio 58 Canary Ilands Folio 24 Grand Canary Folio 25 Capâ— Blanco Folio 54 Ignoblâ— Captaines Folio 68 Disloyalties of Captaines Folio 112 Beverage of Cassavy Folio 62 Casâ—avi Meale Folio 61 Preparing thereof ibid S. Catelena Folio 66 Parts requisite in a Chieftain Folio 130 Two Chieftainâ— dangerous Folio 133 Cherries Folio 55 People of Chile Folio 98 Their weapons Folio 99 And hate to the Spaniards â—â—id Civil Catts Folio 31 Cittie of Conception Folio 100 Vnwillingnesse to follow couetous Commanders Folio 109 A Commander not to trust his officers Folio 127 Admonitions to Commanders Folio 128. Cocos and their kinds Folio 30.31