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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A01622	The herball or Generall historie of plantes. Gathered by Iohn Gerarde of London Master in Chirurgerie very much enlarged and amended by Thomas Iohnson citizen and apothecarye of London	Gerard, John, 1545-1612.; Johnson, Thomas, d. 1644.; Payne, John, d. 1647?, engraver.; Dodoens, Rembert, 1517-1585. Cruydenboeck.	1633 (1633)	STC 11751; ESTC S122165	1,574,129	1,585

יהוה Ecce dedi vobis omnes herbas smentantes semen qiue sunt Gen 1. 29. Excideret ne tibi diuini muneris Author Praesentem monstrat quaelibet herba Deum Ceres Pomona THE HERBALL OR GENERALL Historie of Plantes Gathered by John Gerarde of London Master in CHIRVRGERIE Very much Enlarged and Amended by Thomas Johnson Citizen and Apothecarye of LONDON THEOPHRASTUS DIOSCORIDES London Printed by Adam Islip Joice Norton and Richard Whitakers Anno 1633. Io Payne sculp VIRIS PRVDENTIA VIRTVTE ARTE RERVMQVE VSV SPECTATISSIMIS DIGNISSIMIS RICHARDO EDWARDS RECTORI SIVE MAGISTRO EDWARDO COOKE LEONARDO STONE GVARDIANIS CAETERISQVE CLARISS SOCIET PHARMACEVT LOND SOCIIS HOS SVOS IN EMACVLANDO AVGENDOQVE HANC PLANTARVM HISTORIAM LABORES STVDIORVM BOTANICORVM SPECIMEN AMORIS SYMBOLVM EX ANIMO D. D. VESTRAE PVBLICAEQVE VTILITATIS STVDIOSISSIMVS THOM. IOHNSON TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE HIS SINGVLAR GOOD LORD AND MASTER SIR WILLIAM CECIL KNIGHT BARON OF Burghley Master of the Court of Wards and Liueries Chancellor of the Vniuersitie of Cambridge Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter one of the Lords of her Maiesties most honorable Priuy Councell and Lord high Treasurer of England AMong the manifold creatures of God right Honorable and my singular good Lord that haue all in all ages diuersly entertained manv excellent wits and drawne them to the contemplation of the diuine wisdome none haue prouoked mens studies more or satisfied their desires so much as Plants haue done and that vpon iust and worthy causes For if delight may prouoke mens labor what greater delight is there than to behold the earth apparelled with plants as with a robe of embroidered worke set with Orient pearles and garnished with great 〈◊〉 of rare and costly iewels If this varietie and perfection of colours may affect the eye it is such in herbs and floures that no Apelles no Zeuxis euer could by any art expresse the like if odours or if taste may worke satisfaction they are both so 〈◊〉 in plants and so comfortable that no confection of the Apothecaries can equall their excellent vertue But these delights are in the outward sences the principall delight is in the minde siugularly enriched with the knowledge of these visible things setting forth to vs the inuisible wisedome and admirable workmanship of almighty God The delight is great but the vse greater and ioyned often with necessity In the first ages of the world they were the ordinarie meate of men and haue continued euer since of necessaire vse both for meates to maintaine life and for medicine to recouer health The hidden vertue of them is such that as Pliny noteth the very bruite beasts haue found it out and which is another vse that he obserues from thence the Dyars tooke the beginning of their Art Furthermore the necessary vse of these fruits of the earth doth plainly appeare by the great charge and care of almost all men in planting and maintaining of gardens not as ornaments onely but as a necessarie prouision also to their houses And here beside the 〈◊〉 to speake againe in a word of delight gardens especially such as your Honor hath furnished with many rare Simples do singularly delight when in them a man doth behold a flourishing shew of Sommer beauties in the midst of Winters force and a goodly spring of floures when abroad a leafe is not to be seene Besides these and other causes there are many examples of those that haue honored this science for to passe by a multitude of the Philosophers it may please your Honor to call to remembrance that which you know of some noble Princes that haue ioyned this study with their most important matters of state Mithridates the great was famous for his knowledge herein as 〈◊〉 noteth Euax also King of Arabia the happy garden of the world for principall Simples wrot of this argument as Pliny sheweth Diocletian likewise might haue had his praise had he not drowned all his honour in the bloud of his persecution To conclude this point the example of Solomon is before the rest and greater whose wisedome and knowledge was such that hee was able to set out the nature of all plants from the highest Cedar to the lowest Mosse But my very good 〈◊〉 that which sometime was the study of great Philosophers and mightie Princes is now neglected except it be of some few whose spirit and wisdome hath carried them among other parts of wisedome and counsell to a care and studie of speciall herbes both for the furnishing of their gardens and furtherance of their knowledge among whom I may iustly affirme and publish your Honor to be one being my selfe one of your seruants and a long time witnesse thereof for vnder your Lordship I haue serued and that way employed my principall study and almost all my time now by the space of twenty yeares To the large and singular furniture of this noble Island I haue added from 〈◊〉 places all the varietie of herbes and floures that I might any 〈◊〉 obtaine I haue laboured with the soile to make it fit for plants and with the plants that they might delight in the soile that so they might liue and prosper vnder our clymat as in their natiue and proper countrey what my successe hath beene and what my furniture is I leaue to the report of them that haue 〈◊〉 your Lordships gardens and the little plot of myne owne especiall care and husbandry But because gardens are priuat and many times finding an ignorant or a negligent successor come soone to ruine there be that haue sollicited me first by my pen and after by the Presse to make my Labors common and to free them from the danger whereunto a garden is subiect wherein when I was ouercome and had brought this History or report of the nature of Plants to a iust volume and had made it as the Reader may by comparison see richer than former Herbals I found it no question vnto whom I might 〈◊〉 my 〈◊〉 for considering your good Lordship I found none of whose fauor and 〈◊〉 I might sooner presume seeing I haue found you euer my very good Lord and Master Again considering my duty and your Honors merits to whom may I better recommend my Labors than to him vnto whom I owe my selfe and all that I am able in any seruice or 〈◊〉 to performe Therefore vnder hope of your Honorable and accustomed fauor I present this Herball to your Lordships protection and not as an exquisite Worke for I know my meannesse but as the greatest gift and chiefest argument of duty that my labour and seruice can affoord where of if there be no other fruit yet this is of some vse that I haue ministred Matter for Men of riper wits and deeper iudgements to polish and to adde to my large additions where any thing is defectiue that in time the Worke may be perfect Thus I humbly take my leaue beseeching God to grant

a weake and feeble heart vnlesse this stone called Lapis Cyaneus be quite left out Therefore he that is purposed to vse this composition against beatings and throbbings of the heart and swounings and that not as a purging medicine shall do well and wisely by leauing out the stone Cyaneus for this being taken in a little weight or small quantitie cannot purge at all but may in the meane season trouble and torment the stomacke and withall thorow his sharpe and venomous qualitie if it be oftentimes taken be very offensiue to the guts and intrailes and by this meanes bring more harme than good Moreouer it is not necessarie no nor expedient that the bristle died with Cochenele called Chesmes as the Apothecaries terme it should be added to this composition for this bristle is not died without Auripigmentum called also Orpiment and other pernitious things ioyned therewith whose poysonsome qualities are added to the iuyces together with the colour if either the bristle or died silke be boyled in them The berries of the Cochenele must be taken by themselues which alone are sufficient to dy the iuices and to impart vnto them their vertue neither is it likewise needfull to boile the raw silke together with the graines as most Physitians thinke this may be left out for it maketh nothing at all for the strengthning of the heart CHAP. 34. Of the great Skarlet Oke ¶ The Description THe great Skarlet Oke or the great Holme Oke groweth many times to the full height of a tree sometimes as big as the Peare tree with boughes far spreading like the Acorne or 〈◊〉 Mast trees the timber is firme and sound the leaues are set with prickles round about the edges like those of the former Skarlet Oke the leaues when the tree waxeth old haue on them no prickles at all but are somwhat bluntly cut or indented about the edges greene on the vpper side and gray vnderneath the Acorne standeth in a prickly cup like our common Oke Acorne which when it is ripe becommeth of a browne colour with a white kernel within of taste not vnpleasant There is found vpon the branches of this tree a certaine kinde of long hairy mosse of the colour of ashes not vnlike to that of our English Oke ‡ This tree is euer greene and at the tops of the branches about the end of May here in England carrieth diuers long catkins of mossie yellow floures which fall away and are not succeeded by the acornes for they grow out vpon other stalks Clusius in the yeare 1581 obserued two trees the one in a garden aboue the Bridge and the other in the priuat garden at White-Hall hauing lesser leaues than the former The later of these is yet standing and euery yeare beares small Acornes which I could neuer obserue to come to any maturitie ‡ Ilex maior Glandifera The great Skarlet Oke ‡ Ilicis ramus floridus The floures of the great Skarlet Oke ¶ The Place In diuers places there are great woods of these trees hills also and vallies are beautified therewith they grow plentifully in many countries of Spaine and in Languedocke and Prouence in great plenty It is likewise found in Italy It beareth an Acorne greater and of a larger size than doth the tame Oke in some countries lesser and shorter they are strangers in England notwithstanding there is here and there a tree thereof that hath been procured from beyond the seas one groweth in her Maiesties Priuy Garden at White-Hall neere to the gate that leadeth into the street and in some other places here and there one ¶ The Time It is greene at all times of the yeare it is late before the Acornes be ripe Clusius reporteth that he saw the floures growing in clusters of a yellow colour in May. ¶ The Names This Oke is named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ilex in Spanish Enzina in Italian Elize in French Chesneuerd in English Barren Skarlet Oke or Holme Oke and also of some French or Spanish Oke The Spaniards call the fruit or Acorne Bellota or Abillota Theophrastus seemeth to call this tree not Prinos but Smilax for he maketh mention but of one Ilex onely and that is of Scarlet Oke and he sheweth that the Arcadians do not call the other Ilex but Smilax for the name Smilax is of many significations there is Smilax among the Pulses which is also called Dolichus and Phaseolus and Smilax aspera and Laeuis amongst the Binde-weeds likewise Smilax is taken of Dioscorides to be Taxus the Yew tree Of Smilax Theophrastus writeth thus in his third booke the inhabitants of Arcadia do call a certaine tree Smilax being like vnto the Skarlet Oke the leaues thereof be not set with such sharpe prickles but tenderer and softer Of this Smilax Pliny also writeth in his sixteenth booke chap. 6. There be of Ilex saith he two kindes Ex ijs in Italia folio non multum ab oleis distant called of certain Grecians Smilaces in the proninces Aquifolia in which words in stead of Oliue trees may perchance be more truly placed Suberis or the Corke tree for this kinde of Ilex or Smilax is not reported of any of the old writers to haue the leafe of the Oliue tree but Suber in Greeke called Phellos or the Corke tree hath a little leafe ¶ The Temperature and Vertues The leaues of this Oke haue force to coole and repell or keepe backe as haue the leaues of the Acornes or Mast trees being stamped or beaten and applied they are good for soft swellings and strengthen weake members The barke of the root boiled in water vntill it be dissolued and layd on all night maketh the haire blacke being first scoured with Cimolia as Dioscorides saith Clusius reporteth that the Acorne is esteemed of eaten and brought into the market to be sold in the city of Salamanca in Spaine and in many other places of that countrey and of this Acorne Pliny also hath peraduenture written lib 16. cap. 5. in these words Moreouer at this day in Spain the Acorne is serued for a second course CHAP. 35. Of the great Holme-Oke 1 Cerris maiore Glande The Holme Oke with great Acornes 2 Cerris minore Glande The Holme Oke with lesser Acorns ¶ The Description ‡ Cerri minoris 〈◊〉 cum flore A branch of the smaller Holme Oke with floures 2 The second is altogether like the first sauing that this beareth smaller Acornes and the whole tree is altogether lesse wherein consisteth the difference ‡ Both this the former cary floures clustering vpon long stalkes like as in the common Oke but the fruit doth not succeed them but grow forth in other places ‡ ¶ The Place This Oke groweth in vntoiled places it is seldome times found and that but in Woods onely it is for the most part vnknowne in Italy as Pliny reporteth ¶ The Time They bring forth their fruit or 〈◊〉 in the fall of the leafe ¶ The Names This Oke

Rosins saith Galen that haue this kinde of moisture and clamminesse ioined with them do as it were binde together and vnite dry medicines and because they haue no euident biting qualitie they doe moisten the vlcers nothing at all therefore diuers haue very well mixed with such compound medicines either Turpentine Rosin or Larch Rosin thus far Galen Moreouer Larch Rosin performeth all such things that the Turpentine Rosin doth vnto which as we haue said it is much like in temperature which thing likewise Galen himselfe affirmeth Agaricke is hot in the first degree and dry in the second according to the old writers It cutteth maketh thin clenseth taketh away obstructions or stoppings of the intrailes and purgeth also by stoole Agaricke cureth the yellow iaundice proceeding of obstructions and is a sure remedie for cold shakings which are caused of thicke and cold humors The same being inwardly taken and outwardly applied is good for those that are bit of venomous beasts which hurt with their cold poison It prouoketh vrine and bringeth downe the menses it maketh the body well co loured driueth forth wormes cureth agues especially quotidians and wandring feuers and others that are of long continuance if it be mixed with fit things that serue for the disease and these things it performes by drawing forth and purging away grosse cold and flegmaticke humors which cause the diseases From a dram weight or a dram and a halfe to two it is giuen at once in substance or in pouder the weight of it in an infusion or decoction is from two drams to fiue But it purgeth slowly and doth somewhat trouble the stomacke and therefore it is appointed that Ginger should be mixed with it or wilde Carrot seed or Louage seed or Sal gem in Latine Salfossilis Galen as Mesue reporteth gaue it with wine wherein Ginger was infused some vse to giue it with Oxymel otherwise called syrrup of vineger which is the safest way of all Agaricke is good against the paines and swimming in the head or the falling Euill being taken with syrrup of vineger It is good against the shortnesse of breath called Asthma the inueterate cough of the lungs the ptysicke consumption and those that spet bloud it comforteth the weake and seeble stomacke causeth good digestion and is good against wormes CHAP. 45. Of the Cypresse tree Cupressus satiua syluestris The Garden and wild Cypresse tree ¶ The Description THe tame or manured Cypresse tree hath a long thicke and straight body whereupon many slender branches do grow which do not spred abroad like the branches of other trees but grow vp alongst the body yet not touching the top they grow after the fashion of a steeple broad below and narrow toward the top the substance of the wood is hard sound well compact sweet of smell and somewhat yellow almost like the yellow Saunders but not altogether so yellow neither doth it rot nor wax old nor cleaueth or choppeth itself The leaues are long round like those of Tamariske but fuller of substance The fruit or nuts do hang vpon the boughes being in manner like to those of the Larch tree but yet thicker and more closely compact which being ripe do of themselues part in sunder and then falleth the seed which is shaken out with the winde the same is small flat very thin of a swart ill fauoured colour which is pleasant to Ants or Pismires and serueth them for food Of this diuers make two kindes the female and the male the female barren and the male fruitfull Theophrastus reporteth that diuers affirme the male to come of the female The Cypresse yeelds forth a certaine liquid Rosin like in substance to that of the Larch tree but in taste maruellous sharpe and biting The wilde Cypresse as Theophrastus writeth is an high tree and alwaies greene so like to the other Cypresse as it seemeth to be the same both in boughes body leaues and fruit rather than a certaine wilde Cypresse the matter or substance of the wood is sound of a sweet smell like that of the Cedar tree which rotteth not there is nothing so crisped as the root and therefore they vse to make precious and costly workes thereof ‡ I know no difference betweene the wilde and tame Cypresse of our Author but in the handsomnesse of their growth which is helped somewhat by art ‡ ¶ The Place The tame and manured 〈◊〉 groweth in hot countries as in Candy Lycia Rhodes and also in the territorie of Cyrene it is reported to be likewise found on the hills belonging to Mount Ida and on the hills called Leuci that is to say white the tops whereof be alwaies couered with snow Bellonius denieth it to be found vpon the tops of these hills but in the bottoms on the rough parts and ridges of the hills it groweth likewise in diuers places of England where it hath beene planted as at Sion a place neere London sometime a house of Nunnes it groweth also at Greenwich and at other places and likewise at Hampsted in the garden of Mr. Wade one of the Clerkes of her Maiesties priuy Councell The wilde kinde of Cypresse tree groweth hard by Ammons Temple and in other parts of the countrey of Cyrene vpon the tops of mountaines and in extreme cold countries Bellonius affirmeth that there is found a certaine wilde Cypresse also in Candy which is not so high as other Cypresse trees nor groweth sharpe toward the top but is lower and hath his boughes spred flat round about in compasse he saith the body thereof is also thicke but whether this be Thya of which Theophrastus and Pliny make mention we leaue it to consideration ¶ The Time The tame Cypres tree is alwaies greene the fruit may be gathered thrice a yeare in 〈◊〉 May and September and therefore it is syrnamed Trifera The wilde Cypres tree is late and very long before it buddeth ¶ The Names The tame Cypres is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine 〈◊〉 in shops Cypressus in Italian Cypresso in French and Spanish Cipres in high-Dutch Cipressenbaum in low-Dutch Cypresse boom in English Cypres and Cypres tree The fruit is named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pilulae Cupressi Nuces Cupressi and Galbuli in shops Nuces Cypressi in English Cypres nuts or clogs This tree in times past was dedicated to Pluto and was said to be deadly whereupon it is thought that the shadow thereof is vnfortunate The wilde Cypres tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from this doth differ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 being a name not of a plant but of a mortar in which dry things are beaten Thya as Pliny writeth lib. 13. cap. 16. was well knowne to Homer he sheweth that this is burned among the sweet smells which Circe was much delighted withall whom he would haue to be taken for a goddesse