Antimony pag. 55 58. How to deale with the Salvages Smith neare killed with a Stingray With many other Accidents in the discovery A needlesse misery at Iames towne redressed pag. 58 59. The second Voyage to discover the Bay Their Incounter with the Massawomekes and Tockwhoghs the Sasquesahanoughs offer subiectio to the English The exceeding loue of the Salvage Mosâ—o Their fight with the Rapahanocks their fight with the Manahokes The King of Haslaâ—ingâ—'s brother taken prisoner his relation of those mountainers pâ—ac◠〈◊〉 with all those Nations pag. 5â—-64 The â—iscovery of the râ—ver Payankatank then sight with the Nâ—ndsamunds Chisapeacks their returne to Iames town p. 65. The Presidency surrendred to Cap. Smith The second Supply by Captaine Newport many Presents sent from England to Powhatan his scorne Consultations factions suppressed Cap. Smith visiteth Powhatan Pocahontas entertaines him with a Maske the Coronation of Powhatan and Conditions pag. 68. The discovery of the Monacans a punishment for swearing the Chickahamanians forced to Contribution the abuses of the Mariners Master Scriveners voyage to Werowocomoco pag. 68 70. Captaine Smiths Relation to England of the estate of the Colony the names of them arrived in this Supply pag. 71.72 Nandsamund forced to Contribution The first Marriage in Virginia Apamatuck discovered pag. 73. Captaine Smiths iourney to Pamavnkee The discovery of the Chawwonocks Smiths discourse to Powhatan His reply and slattery and his discourse of Peace and Warre Powhatans plot to murther Smith discovered by his daughter Pocahontas pag. 77. Their escape at Pamavnkee The Dutchmen deceiue Captaine Winne and arme the Salvages sixteene English beset by seven hundred Salvages Smith takes their King Opechankanough prisoner the Salvages excuse reconcilement p. 77. 80. Master Scrivener and others drowned Master Wiffins desperate iourney to Pamavnkee Powhatan constraines his men again to be trecherous he is forced to fraught their Ship Smith poysoned the Dutch mens trechery pag. 80 82. The Dutch-mens plot to murther Smith He taketh the King of Paspahegh prisoner and others they become all subiect to the English pag. 84. A Salvâ—ge smoothered yet recovered three or foure Salvages slaine in drying stolne powder Great extremity occasioned by ratts Bread made of dryed Sturgeon the punishment for loyterers the discovery of the Mangoags Captaine Argals first arrivall the inconveniences in a Plantation p. 84 89. The government altered the arrivall of the third Supply mutinies Nandsamund planted breach of peace with the Salvages Powhatans chiefe seat bought for Copper Mutinies pag. 90.91 Captaine Smith blowne vp with Gun-powder a bloudy intent the causes why he left the Country and his Commission his returne for England the ends of the Dutch-men Certaine Verses of seaven Gentlemen p 95. The fourth Booke With their Proceedings after the alteration of the Government HOw the mutiners proceeded the Salvage revolt the planting point Comfort Them at Nandsamund and the Fals defeated by the Salvages Captaine Ratliff with thirtie slaine by Powhatan The fruits of improvidence The arrivall of Sir Thomas Gates Iames Towne abandoned The arrivall of the Lord La Warre their actions and both their returnes pag. 105 108. The government left to Captaine Percie his proceedings The arrivall of Sir Thomas Dale and his actions pag. 109 110. The second arrivall of Sir Thomas Gates the building Henerico and the Bermudas how Captaine Argall tooke Pocahontas prisoner Dales voyage to Pamavnkee The marriage of Pocahontas to Master Rolfe Articles of Peace with the Salvages p. 110. 114. The government left to Sir Thomas Dale Captaine Argals voyage to port Royall Master Hamers to Powhatan and their Accidents pag. 115.116 The manner of the Lottery A Spanish Shippe in Virginia Dale with Pocahontas comes for England Capt. Yerley left Deputy Governour his warres and peace with the Chickahamanians and proceedings pag. 117 121. A relation to Queene Anne of the quality conditioÌ„ of Pocahontas how the Queen entertained her Capt. Argall sent governor the death of Powhatan ten English slaine Argals accidents and proceedings The Lord de la Warre sent againe governour his death A relation of their present estates Haile-stones 8. inches about pag. 121 125. Sir George Yerley sent gâ—vernor Waraskoyack planted A parliament in Virginia foure Corporations appointed the adventures of Cap. Ward the number of ships and men sent this yeare gifts given Patents granted pag. 125 127. A desperate Sea fight by Captaine Chester with two Spanish men of warre the names of the Adventurers pag. 128 138. Notes and observations A relation of their estates by Master Stockam The arrivall of Sir Francis Wyat with nine ships Master Gockings plantation and their accidents the number of ships and men sent this yeare gifts given Patents granted p. 139 141. Master Poties iourneyes to Pawtuxunt and other places with his accidents pag. 141. 143. Capt. Each sent to build Forts and Barks The cause and manner of the Massacre the numbers slaine the providence of Cap. Nuse Cap. Chroshaw his voyage to Patowomek pag. 143 151. Capt. Smiths offer to the Company to suppresse the Salvages Their answer the manner of the Satlery Chroshaw stayes at Patawomek the escape of Waters and his wife Cap. Hamar goes to Patawomek Chroshaws plot for all their preservations Capt. Madison sent to Patawomek Cap. Powell kils three Salvages Sir George Yerleys iourney to Acomack The misery of Captaine Nuse The kindness of the King of Patawomek a vile policy of a Salvage Madisons mischiefe vnto the Patawomeks It was not well don to make Opechankanough drinke healths 300. surpriseth Nandsamund and Pamavnkee The opinion of Cap. Smith how to subiect the Salvages The arriuall of Cap. Butler in Virginia and other Accidents pag. 152 161. The losse of Cap. Spilman and 26. men A particular of such necessaries as are fit for private persons or families pag. 161.162 A briefe relation by Cap. Smith to his Maiâ—sties Commissioners for the reformation of Virginia The 7 questions the right Worthie Commissioners demanded and his answers how the King hath pleased to take it into his consideration pag. 163 168. At this present two ships are going more a preparing new Commissions sent A Proclamation no Tobacco be vsed in EnglaÌ„d but what shall come from Virginia or the Somer Isles quere the Proclamation The fift Booke A Mappe of the Somer Isles and Fortresses The description of the Isles the fruits fishes soyle ayre beasts birds with the relation of the shipwrack of Henry May. pag. 169 173. The shipwrack of Sir Tho Gates and Sir George Somers their accidents deliveraÌ„ce and arrivall in Virginia Somers returne to the Isles his death and Epitaph the accidents hapned three men lived there alone two yeares pag. 174 177. Master More sent to make a plantation A peece of Amber Greece found of 80. pound weight much dissension Mores industrie in fortifying and waighing Ordnance out of the wraâ—ks Their first Supply a strange increase of Potatoes The attempt of 2 Spanish ships a great mortality a strange being
honest Gentleman and of good behauiour had beene in loue with Pocahontas and she with him which thing at that instant I made knowne to Sir Thomas Dale by a letter from him wherein hee intreated his aduice and she acquainted her brother with it which resolution Sir Thomas Dale well approued the brute of this mariage came soone to the knowledge of Powhatan a thing acceptable to him as appeared by his sudden consent for within ten daies he sent Opachisco an old Vncle of hers and two of his sons to see the manner of the mariage and to doe in that behalfe what they were requested for the confirmation thereof as his deputie which was accordingly done about the first of Aprill And euer since wee haue had friendly trade and commerce as well with Powhatan himselfe as all his subiects Besides this by the meanes of Powhatan we became in league with our next neighbours the Chicahamanias a lustie and a daring people free of themselues These people so soone as they heard of our peace with Powhatan sent two messengers with presents to Sir Thomas Dale and offered him their seruice excusing all former iniuries hereafter they would euer be King Iames his subiects and relinquish the name of Chickahamania to be called Tassautessus as they call vs and Sir Thomas Dale there Gouernour as the Kings Deputie onely they desired to be gouerned by their owne Lawes which is eight of their Elders as his substitutes This offer he kindly accepted and appointed the day hee would come to visit them Whâ—n the appointed day came Sir Thomas Dale and Captaine Argall with fiftie men well appointed went to Chickahamania where wee found the people expecting our comming they vsed vs kindly and the next morning sate in counsell to conclude their peace vpon these conditions First they should for euer bee called Englishmen and bee true subiects to King Iames and his Deputies Secondly neither to kill nor detaine any of our men nor cattell but bring them home Thirdly to bee alwâ—ies ready to furnish vs with three hundred men against the Spaniards or any Fourthly they shall not enter â—ur townes but send word they are new Englishmen Fiftly that euery fighting man at the beginning of haruest shall bring to our store two bushels of Corne for tribute for which they shall recâ—iue so many Hatchets Lastly the eight chiefe men should see all this performed or receiue the punishment themselues for their diligence they should haue a red coat a copper chaine and King Iames his picture and be accounted his Noblemen All this they concluded with a generall assent and a great shout to confirme it then one of the old men began an Oration bending his speech first to the old men then to the young and then to the women and children to make them vnderstand how strictly they were to obserue these conditions and we would defend them from the furie of Powhatan or any enemie whatsoeuer and furnish them with Copper Beads and Hatchets but all this was rather for feare Powhatan and we being so linked together would bring them againe to his subiection the which to preuent they did rather chuse to be protected by vs than tormented by him whom they held a Tyrant And thus wee returned againe to Iames towne When our people were fed out of the common store and laboured iointly together glad was he could slip from his labour or slumber ouer his taske he cared not how nay the most honest among them would hardly take so much true paines in a weeke as now for themselues they will doe in a day neither cared they for the increase presuming that howsoeuer the haruest prospered the generall store must maintaine them so that wee reaped not so much Corne from the labours of thirtie as now three or foure doe prouide for themselues To preuent which Sir Thomas Dale hath allotted euery man three Acres of cleare ground in the nature of Farmes except the Bermudas who are exempted but for one moneths seruice in the yeere which must neither bee in feed-time nor haruest for which doing no other dutie they pay yeerely to the store but two barrels and a halfe of Corne from all those Farmers whereof the first was William Spence an honest valiant and an industrious man and hath continued from 1607. to this present from those is expected such a contribution to the store as wee shall neither want for our selues nor to entertaine our supplies for the rest they are to worke eleuen moneths for the store and hath one moneth onely allowed them to get prouision to keepe them for twelue except two bushels of Corne they haue out of the store if those can liue so why should any feare staruing and it were much better to denie them passage that would not ere they come bee content to ingage themselues to those conditions for onely from the slothfull and idle drones and none else hath sprung the manifold imputations Virginia innocenâ—ly hath vndergone and therefore I would deter such from comming here that cannot well brooke labour except they will vndergoe much punishment and penurie if they escape the skuruie but for the industrious there is reward sufficient and if any thinke there is nothing but bread I referre you to his relations that discouered the Countrie first The gouernment left to Sir Thomas Dale vpon Sir Thomas Gates returne for England SIr Thomas Dale vnderstanding there was a plantation of Frenchmen in the north part of Virginia about the degrees of 45. sent Captaine Argall to Port Royall and Sancta Crux where finding the Frenchmen abroad dispersed in the Woods surprized their Ship and Pinnace which was but newly come from France wherein was much good apparel and other prouision which he brought to Iames towne but the men escaped and liued among the Saluages of those Countries It pleased Sir Thomas Dale before my returne to England because I would be able to speake somewhat of my owne knowledge to giue mee leaue to visit Powhatan and his Court being prouided I had Thomas Saluage with mee for my Interpreter with him and two Saluages for guides I went from the Bermuda in the morning and came to Matchâ—t the next night where the King lay vpon the Riuer of Pamavuke his entertainment was strange to me the boy he knew well and told him My child I gaue you leaue being my boy to goe see your friends and these foure yeeres I haue not seene you nor heard of my owne man Namoutack I sent to England though many ships since haue beene returned thence Hauing done with him hee began with mee and demanded for the chaine of pearle he sent his brother Sir Thomas Dale at his first arriuall which was a token betwixt them when euer hee should send a messenger from himselfe to him he should weare that chaine about his necke since the peace was concluded otherwaies he was to binde him and send him home It
discharged This feare thus past appeares another much worse which was the extremity of famine in this extemity God sent Captaine Daniel Elfrid with a caruell of meale which a little relieued them but brought withall so many Rats that within two yeeres after neere ruined all now though Elfrid had deceiued his friend Fisher of this Caruell in the West Indies they reuenged Fishers iniury for Elfrid had his passage for England and they made vse of all he had Some two moneths after came in the Blessing with an hundred Passengers and two daies after the Starre with a hundred and foure score more amongst which were many Gentlemen as Master Lower for Marshall Master Barret Master Felgate and diuers others but very vnproper for what they vndertooke Within foureteene daies after came in the Margaret and two Frygats and in them one hundred and threescore Passengers also Master Bartlet came now expresly to diuide the Country into Tribes and the Tribes into shares But Master More finding no mention made of any part for himselfe nor all them with him as he was promised in England by no meanes would admit of any diuision nor suffer his men from finishing their fortifications which was so necessary it was his maine ambition to see that accomplished but such vnkindnesse grew betwixt this Master Bartlet and the Gouernour that the rude multitude with all the disdaine they could deuise caused Bartlet returne for England as he came About this time William Millington was drawne into the Sea by a fish but neuer after euer seene The neglect of this diuision was very hardly conceited in England so that Master More grew more and more in dislike with the company notwithstanding he followed the building of these Forts so earnestly neglecting planting of Corne till their store was neere all consumed whereby they became so feeble and weake some would not others could not goe abroad to seeke releefe but statued in their houses and many that went abroad through weaknesse were subiect to be suddenly surprized with a disease called the Feauges which was neither paine nor sicknesse but as it were the highest degree of weaknesse depriuing them of power and ability from the execution of any bodily exercises whether it were working walking or what else being thus taken if any presently gaue them food many times they straight recouered yet some after a little rest would bee able to walke but if they found not present succour died About this time or immediatly before came in a company of Rauens which continued amongst them all the time of this mortality and then departed which for any thing knowne neither before nor since were euer seene or heard of this with diuers other reasons caused Master More to goe out to Sea to see if he could discouer any other Ilands but he went not farre ere ill weather forced him backe and it were a noble aduenture of him would vndertake to make more perfect all the dangers are about the Summer Iles. Thus famine and misery caused Gouernour More leaue all his workes and send them abroad to get what they could one hundred and fifty of the most weake and sicke he sent to Coupers I le where were such infinite numbers of the Birds called Cahowes which were so fearelesse they might take so many as they would and that admired abundance of fish that the extremity of their hunger and their gluttony was such those heauenly blessings they so consumed and wasted by carelesâ—â—sse and surfetting many of them died vpon those silly Birds that offered themselues to the slaughter which the Gouernour vnderstanding caused them for change of aire to be remoued to Port-royall and a Company of Fishers with a Boat to releeue them with fish but the Gange grew so lazie the poore weaklings still died they that remained killed the Cattle they found in the I le faining the heat caused them to runne into the Sea and so were drowned so that the Gouernour sent againe for them home but some obtained leaue still to liue abroad one amongst the rest hid himselfe in the Woods and liued onely on Wilkes and land Crabs sat and lusty many moneths but most of them being at Saint Georges ordinarily was taken one hundred and fifty or two hundred great fishes daily for their food for want of hookes and lines the Smith made hookes of old swords and lines of old ropes but finding all those poore Engines also decay they sent one of the two Frigats last left with them for England to tell them of this misery All which was now attributed to Master Mores peruersnesse who at first when he got the Amber-Greece had not such a generall applause but now all the worst could possibly be suggested was too good for him yet not knowing for the present how to send a better they let him continue still though his time was neere expired and with all speed sent the Welcome fraught with prouision where shee well arriued and proued her selfe as welcome in deed as in name for all those extremities Master Lewes Hues writeth not one of all those threescore that first beganne this Plantation was dead which shewes it was not impossible but industry might haue preuented a great part of the others sluggish carelesnesse This ship much refreshed this miserable Colony but Master More seeing they sent not for him his time being now expired vnderstanding how badly they reputed him in England and that his imploiment now was more for their owne ends then any good for himselfe resolued directly to returne with this ship Hauing setled all things in the best order he could left the gouernment to the charge of the counsell of six to succeed each other monethly till they had further directions from England whose names were Captaine Miles Kendall Captaine Iohn Mansfield Thomas Knight Charles Caldycot Edward Waters and Christopher Carter with twelue others for their assistances More thus taking leaue of those Ilands arriued in England much wrangling they had but at last they confirmed him according to promise eight shares of Land and so he was dismissed of his charge with shew of fauour and much friendship The rule of the six Gouernors THE first thing they did was casting of lots who should rule first which lot lighted vpon Master Caldicot This last supply somewhat abated the extremitie of their miseries and the better in that their fortifications being finished they had the more leasure to goe abroad with that meanes was brought to that purpose to fish Chard as you haue heard whom all this while More had kept Prisoner they set at libertie now by reason of their former miseries little or nothing could be done yet this Gouernor hauing thus concluded his moneth and prepared a Frigot and two and thirtie men hee imbarked himselfe with two other of his fellow counsellers namely Knight and Waters for the West-Indies to get Fruits and Plants Goats young Cattle and such like But this poore vessell whether
and Poultry as is formerly related yet for so departing and other occasions much difference hath beene betwixt him and some of the Company as any of his Predecessors which I rather wish were reconciled then to be a reporter of such vnprofitable dissentions For Till trechery and faction and auarice be gone Till enuy and ambition and backbiting be none Till periury and idlenesse and iniury be out And truly till that villany the worst of all that rout Vnlesse those vises banisht be what euer Forts you haue A hundred walls together put will not haue power to saue Master Iohn Barnard sent to be Gouernour TO supply this place was sent by the noble aduenturers Iohn Bernard a Gentleman both of good meanes and quality who arriued within eight daies after Butlers departure with two ships and about one hundred and forty passengers with armes and all sorts of munition and other prouisions sufficient During the time of his life which was but six weekes in reforming all things he found defectiue he shewed himselfe so iudiciall and industrious as gaue gâ—eat satisfaction and did generally promise vice was in great danger to be suppressed and vertue and the Plantation much aduanced but so it hapned that both he and his wife died in such short time they were both buried in one day and one graue and Master Iohn Harrison chosen Gouernour till further order came from England What hapned in the gouernment of Master Iohn Harrison THey are still much troubled with a great short worme that deuours their Plants in the night but all the day they lie hid in the ground and though early in the morning they kill so many they would thinke there were no more yet the next morning you shall finde as many The Caterpillers to their fruits are also as pernicious and the land Crabs in some places are as thicke in their Borowes as Conies in a Warren and doe much hurt besides all this there hapned this yeere a very heauy disaster for a ship wherein there had beene much swearing and blaspheming vsed all the voyage and landed what she had to leaue in those Iles iouâ—ally froliking in their Cups and Tobacco by accident fired the Powder that at the very instant blew vp the great Cabin and some one way and some another it is a wonder to thinke how they could bee so blowne out of the gun-roome into the Sea where some were taken vp liuing so pitifully burned their liues were worse then so many deaths some died some liued but eighteene were lost at this fatall blast the ship also immediatly sunke with threescore barrels of meale sent for Virginia and all the other prouision in her was thus lost Now to consider how the Spaniards French and Dutch haue beene lost and preserued in those inuincible Iles yet neuer regarded them but as monuments of miseries though at this present they all desire them How Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Summers being ready to sinke in the sea were saued what an incredible abundance of victuall they found how it was first planted by the English the strange increase of Rats and their sudden departure the fiue men came from England in a boat the escape of Hilliard and the rest of those accidents there hapned a man would thinke it a tabernacle of miracles and the worlds wonder that from such a Paradise of admiration who would thinke should spring such wonders of afflictions as are onely fit to be sacrificed vpon the highest altars of sorrow thus to be set vpon the highest Pinacles of content and presently throwne downe to the lowest degree of extremity as you see haue beene the yeerely succeedings of those Plantations the which to ouercome as it is an incomparable honour so it can be no dishonour if a man doe miscarry by vnfortunate accidents in such honourable actions the which renowne and vertue to attaine hath caused so many attempts by diuers Nations besides ours euen to passe through the very amazement of aduentures Vpon the relation of this newes the Company hath sent one Captaine Woodhouse a Gentleman of good repute and great experience in the warres and no lesse prouident then industrious and valiant then returned report all goeth well there It is too true in the absence of the noble Treasurer Sir Edward Sackvill now Earle of Dorset there haue beene such complaints betwixt the Planters and the Company that by command the Lords appointed Sir Thomas Smith againe Treasurer that since then according to their order of Court he is also elected where now we must leaue them all to their good fortune and successe till we heare further of their fortunate proceedings FINIS To his friend Captaine Smith vpon his description of new-New-England SIr your Relations I haue read which shew Ther 's reason I should honour them and you And if their meaning I haue vnderstood I dare to censure thus Your Proiect 's good And may if follow'd doubtlesse quit the paine With honour pleasure and a trebble gaine Beside the benefit that shall arise To make more happy our Posterities For would we daigne to spare though 't were no more Then what ore-fils and surfets vs in store To order Nature's fruitfulnesse a while In that rude Garden you New-England stile With present good ther 's hope in after-daies Thence to repaire what Time and Pride decaies In this rich Kingdome And the spacious West Being still more with English bloud possest The proud Iberians shall not rule those Seas To checke our ships from sailing where they please Nor future times make any forraine power Become so great to force a bound to Our Much good my minde foretels would follow hence With little labour and with lesse expence Thriue therefore thy Designe who ere enuy England may ioy in England's Colony Virginia seeke her Virgin sisters good Be blessed in such happy neighbourhood Or whatsoere Fate pleaseth to permit Be thou still honour'd for first mouing it George Wither è societate Lincol. To that worthy and generous Gentleman my very good friend Captaine Smith MAy Fate thy Proiect prosper that thy name May be eternized with liuing fame Though foule Detraction Honour would peruert And Enuie euer waits vpon desert In spight of Pelias when his hate lies cold Returne as Iason with a fleece of gold Then after-ages shall record thy praise That a New-England to this I le didst raise And when thou di'st as all that liue must die Thy fame liue here thou with Eternity R. Gunnell To his worthy Captaine the Author OFt thou hast led when I brought vp the Rere In bloudy wars where thousands haue beene slaine Then giue me leaue in this some part to beare And as thy seruant here to reade my name T is true long time thou hast my Captaine beene In the fierce warres of Transiluania Long ere that thou America hadst seene Or led wast captiu'd in Virginia Thou that to passe the worlds foure parts dost deeme No more then
those errors I haue committed if God please I liue my care and paines shall endeuour to be thankfull if I die accept my good will If any desire to be further satisfied what defect is found in this they shall finde supplied in me that thus freely haue throwne my selfe with my mite into the Treasury of my Countries good not doubting but God will stirre vp some noble spirits to consider and examine if worthy Columbus could giue the Spaniards any such certainties for his designe when Queene Isabel of Spaine set him forth with 15. saile and though I promise no Mines of gold yet the warlike Hollanders let vs imitate but not hate whose wealth and strength are good testimonies of their treasury gotten by fishing and New-England hath yeelded already by generall computation one hundred thousand pounds at the least Therefore honourable and worthy Country men let not the meannesse of the word fish distaste you for it will afford as good gold as the Mines of Guiana or Potâ—ssie with lesse hazard and charge and more certainty and facility I. S. I. S. FINIS Errata PAg. 1. line 7. for Quineth reade Guineth pag. 153. li. 5. reade from the company and li. 20. for 25000. pounds reade 2500. pounds pag. 164. li. 53. for 1500. men reade 150. men pag. 168. li. 11. for Goston reade Gofton and Coranto Quowarranto and li. 13 reade before the Iudges in Westminster hall for the Lords of his Maiesties Priuy Counsell There are many other errors which being but small I intreat the courteous reader to correct as he findeth them * Coelum non attimum mutant a These are said a thousaÌ„d yeares agoe to haue beene in the North parts of America b He is said to discover the Pole 1360. c Madoc ap Owâ—n Planted some remote Western parts 1170. d America named of Americus Vesputius which discovered les then Colon or S ir Sâ—bastian Cabot and the Continent later ColoÌ„ first found the Isles 1492. the Continenâ— 1498. Aboue a yeare after Cabot had don it He was set forth by Henry 7 and after by Hen. 8. Kniâ—hted and made grand Pilot of EnglaÌ„d by Ed. 6 Vnder whoÌ„ he procured the sending of S ir Hugh Willoughby discovery of Greenland and Russia having by himself discovered on America froÌ„ 67 North lat to neere â—o South * Virginia now inhabited and New-England Their arrivall â—â—pundance â—f Gâ—apes The I le of Wâ—kokon In Lybanus are not many Conference with a Salvage The Arriuall of the Kings brother Trade with the Salvages Note The Ile Roanoak The great courtesie of a Woman A banquet Skicoac a great towne Pomovik How the Country was called Virginia Sir Richard Grenvils voyage 1585. Their first Plantation Chawonock Chawonock 700. men Menatonon his Relations of the I le of Pearle and a rich Mine the Sea by it Pemissapan his trechery The discouery of the riuer Moratâ—c A noble resolution The strange Mine of Chaunis Temoatan The great currant of the river Moratâ—â— The Conspiracy of Pemissapan The death of a most rare Salvage A slaughter of two Salvages Pemissapan slaine and â— others A most generous courtesie of Sir Francis Drake Virginia abandoned CoÌ„modities Dyes A strange Salt Rootes Fruits that 's strange Beasts extraordinary Fish Foules Their Religion How the world was made How man was made How they vse their gods Whether they goe after death Two men risen from death The subtiltie of their Priests Their simplicitie Their desire of salvation A wonderfull Accident Their strange opinions Calling Sir Richard Grenvill left fiftie â—en Master White his Voyages 1687. One of the Councell slaine How the fiftie men were slainâ— An ill misprision A child borne in Virginia A controversie who to send for Factor to England Master White his returne to Virginia Captaine Spicer and seauen others drowned They finde where they had buryed their provisions The end of this Plantation 12. yeares it lay dead Their first landing Martha's Vineyard Elizabeths Island A ' Copper Mine Their return Dangerous shoules Cod and Whales Their first landing Pentecost harbour The Captains diligence Trade with the Salvages Their trechery Fiue Salvages surprised A description of the river The latitude The temperature The windes The entrances Cape Henry Cape Charles The Country The mountaines The soyle The valleyes Plaines The river Powhatan The branches Iames Towne The severall Inhabitants R. Pamavnkee The inhabitants Payankatank R. Toppahanock R. The inhabitants Patawomek R. The inhabitants Pawtuxunt R. Bolus R. The head of the Bay Sasquesahanock The description of a Sasquesahanough Tockwhogh R. Rapahanock R. Kuskarawaock R. Wighcocomoco R. Accomack R. Chawonock The severall languages Why there is little grasse Woods with their fruits Elme Walnuts Supposed Cypres Mulberries Chesnuts Cherries Vines Chechinquamins Rawcomens How they vse their fruits Walnut mille Gummes Cedats Saxafiastrees Berries Matoum Strawberries Hearbes Rootes Wigâ—sacan a roote Pocones a small roote Musquaspen a roote Pellitory Sasafrage Onyons Their chiefe beasts are Deere Aroughcun Squirrels Assapanick a Squirrel flying Opassom Mussascus Beares The Beaver Otters VtchuÌ„quoyes Foxes-Dogges Martins Polcats Weesels and Minkes Birds Fish The rockes How they divide the yeare How they prepare the ground How they plant How they vse their Corne. How they vse their fish and flesh Planted fruits A proofe cattell will liue well The Commodities The numbeâ—â— Seaven hundred men were the most were seene together when they thought to haue surprised Captaine Smith A description of the people The Barbers The constitution The disposition The possessions Their attire Their ornaments Their buildings Their lodgings Their gardens How they vse their children The industrie of their women How they strike fire The order of dyet How they make their bowâ—s and arrowes Their kniues Their Targets and Swords Their Boats How they spin Their fish-hookes How they hunt One Salvage hunting alone Their Consultations Their enemies Massawomekes Their offer of subiection Their manner of Battell Their Musicke Their entertainement Their trade Their Phisicke Their Chirurgery Their charms to cure Their God How they bury their Kings Their ordinary burials Their Temples Their ornaments for their Priests The times of solemnitieâ— Their coniurations Their Altars Sacrifices to the water Their solemn Sacrifices of children which they call Black-boyes Those Black-boyes are made so mad with a kind of drinke that they will doâ— any mischiefe at the command of their Keepers Their resurrection A description of Powhatan His attendaÌ„ce and watch His treasury His wiues His successors Their authoritie The tenor of their lands His manner of punishments â— 46. S ir Thomas Smith Treasurer The first mover of the action Orders for government Monica an vnfrequented Isle full of Birds Their first landing Matters of government The discovery of the Falles Powhatan The Fort assaulted by the Salvages Captain Newports returne for England S ir Thomas Smith Treasurer The occasion of sicknesse The Sailers abuses A bad President Plentie vnexpected The building of Iames Towne The beginning of Trade
Pocahontas meeting in England with Captaine Smith Vitamatomack obseruations of his vsage Pocahontas her entertainment with the Queene Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The death of Pocahontas 1000. bushels of Corne from the Saluages Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The death of the Lord la Ware They are relieued in new-New-England Richard Killingbeck and foure other murdered by the Saluages Their Church and Store-house Farfax three children and two boyes also murdered Powhatans death Haile-stones eight inches about Sir Edwin Sands Treasurer Master Iohn Fareâ— Deputie Waraskoyack planted A barrell they account foure bushels Their time of Parlament Foure corporations named Captaine Wards exploit The number of Ships and men Gifts giuen But few performe them The Earle of Southampton Treasurer and M. Iohn Ferrar Deputy A French-man cast away at Guardalupo The Spaniards begin The Vice-Admirall shot betweene wind and water The manner of their fight The Captaine slaine A worthy exploit of Lucas The euent of the fight The Eaâ—le of South-hampton Treasurer Master Iohn Farrar Deputy The election of Sir Francis Wyat Gouernour for Virginia Notes worthy obseruation A degression Master Stockams relation The arriuall of Sir Francis Wyat. Master Gookins Plantation The number of Ships and men Gifts giuen Patents granted My iourney to the Easterne shore A good place to make salt in The King of Pawtxunts entertainment The trecherie of Namanicus Thomas Saluages good seruice The Earle of Southâ—mpton Treasure and Nicolas Farrar Deputy Fiue and twentie sent only to build Barks and Boats The death of Nemattanow writ by M. Wimp Security a bad guard The manner of the massacre Their cruelty The murder of Master Thorp The slauâ—hter of Captaine Powell A Saluage slaine M. Baldwines escape M. Thomas Hamer with 22 escapeth Captaine Ralfe Hamer with forty escapeth The Saluages attempt to surprise a ship Six of the Councell slaine How it was reuealed Memorandums Captaine Smith His Maiesties gâ—t London sets out 100 persons A lamentable example tâ—o oft appâ—oued Note this conclusion How the Spaniaâ—ds raise their wealth in the West Indies How they were reduced to fiue or six places Gookiâ—s and 〈◊〉 resolutions The opinion of Captaine Smith The prouidence of Captaine Nuse Captaine Croshaw his voyage to Patawomâ—k The arriuall of this newes in England Captaine Smiths offer to the Company Their answer The manner of the Sallery Captaine Croshaw states at Patawomek and his aduentures The escape of Waters and his Wâ—â—e The arriuall of Captaine 〈◊〉 at Patawomek Croshaws Fort and plot for trade â—â—â—taine Madysâ—â—â—ent â—ent to Patawâ—mâ—k The industry of Captaine Nuse Captaine Powel kils 3. Saluages The opinion of Captaine Smith Sir George Yearleys iourny to Accomack Captaine Nuse his misery An Alarum foure slaine The kindnesse of the King of Patawomek A Saluageâ— policy Madâ—son takes the Kâ—ng and kils 30. oâ— 40. The King set at liberty A digression Their proceedings of the other plantations 300 surpriseth Nandsamund Samuell Collyer slaine They surprise Pamavuke The opinion of Captaine Smith How to subiect all the Saluages in Virginia The arriuall of Captaine Butler his accidents A strange deliueraâ—ce of Master Aâ—gent others How Captaine Spilman was left in the Riuer of Patawomek The Earle of Southampton Treasurer Apparell for one man and so after the rate for more The causes of our first miseries But â—8 English in all Virginia Proofes of the healthfulnesse of the Countrey How the Saluages became subiected How we liued of the natural fruits of the Countrey Proofe of the Commodities we returned What we built How I left the Country My charge My reward The King hath pleased to take it iâ—to 〈◊〉 â—â—â—sideration The description of the Iles. The clime temper and fertility Trees and Fruits The Prickell Peare The poison weed The red weed The purging Beane The costiue tree Red Pepper The Sea feather Fruits transported Birds Egge-Birds Cahowes The Tropicke Bird and the Pemblicos presagements Of Vermine 〈◊〉 Ashes The most hurtfull things in those Iles. How it is supposed they were called the Bermudâ—â— The building and calking their Barke His returne for England A most desperate estate by a storm The care and iudgement of Sir George Somers An euident token of Gods mercy Sir George Somers 〈…〉 What meanes they mâ—de to send to Virginia A mariage and two children borne Their arriuall in Virginia Sir George Sâ—mmers his returne to the Bermudas 〈…〉 The proceedings of the three men A peece of Amber-greece of 80. pound weight How they were supplied 1611. The arriuall of Master More 1612. Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Their differences about the Amber-greece Chard in danger of hanging Master Mores industry in fortifying and planting A contention of the Minister agâ—inst the Gouernor Two peeces wâ—â—hed out of the Sea Aduenture The first supply 1613. The second supply Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer A strange increase of Potatoes The attempt of two Spanish ships A great famine and mortalitie Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer A strange being of Rauens All workes abandoned to get onely victual A supply and M. Mores returne Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Master Carter Captaine Kendall Capt. Mansfield A wonderfull accident Treasure found in the Summer Iles. A new Gouernor chosen Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Captaine Tuckars proceedings A Barke sent to the West Indies The Assises The strange aduenture of fiue men in a boat Plants from the West Indies The exploits of Captain Powâ—ll The second Assise The third Assise Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The countrey neere deuoured with rats A strange confusion of rats The returne of M. Powel from the Indies A supposed mutiny by M. Pollard and M. Rich. 1618. The diuision of the Iles into Tribes Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The first Magazin Two exploits of desperate Fugitiues The arriuall of the Blessing The arriuall of two ships Captaine Butler chosen Gouernor A plat-forme burnt and much hurt by a Hericano 1619. The refortifying the Kings Castle Amber-greece found The arriuall of two Dutch Frigots The differences betwixt the Ministers The rebuilding the Mount. The Tombe of Sir George Summers Their manner of lawes reformed Martiall Officers Ciuill Officers and Courts The second Assise A generall assemblie in manner a Parliament Their Acts. The arriuall of the Magazin ship 70000. weight of Tobacco The building of three bridges and other works The generall Assises and the proceedings A strange deliuerance of a Spanish wracke How they solemnized the powder treason and the arriuall of two ships The Spaniards returne and in danger againe 1621. Three English Murderers found in the Spanish wracke Their Assises and other passages A strange Sodomy More trialls about the wracks The Planters complaints The returne of Captaine Butler The Lord Caueâ—dâ—sh Tâ—easuâ—er Master Nicholas Farrar Deputy Sir Edward Sackuil Treasurer Master Gabriel Barber Deputy Note 1624. Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer and Master Edwards Deputy Sir Francis Popham Treasurer My first voyage to New England 1614. The coÌ„modities I got amounted to 1500. pounds The trechery of Master Hunt How Prince Charles
THE GENERALL HISTORIE OF Virginia New-England and the Summer Isles with the names of the Adventurers Planters and Governours from their first beginning An 1584. to this present 1624. WITH THE PROCEDINGS OF THOSE SEVERALL COLONIES and the Accidents that befell them in all their Journyes and Discoveries Also the Maps and Descriptions of all those Countryes their Commodities people Government Customes and Religion yet knowne DIVIDED INTO SIXE BOOKES By Captaine IOHN SMITH sometymes Governour in those Countryes Admirall of New England LONDON Printed by I.D. and I.H. for Michael Sparkes 1624. TO THE ILLVSTRIOVS AND MOST NOBLE PRINCESSE the Lady FRANCIS Duchesse of RICHMOND and LENOX MAy it please your Grace This History as for the raritie and varietie of the subiect so much more for the judicious Eyes it is like to vndergoe and most of all for that great Name whereof it dareth implore Protection might and ought to haue beene clad in better robes then my rude military hand can cut out in Paper Ornaments But because of the most things therein I am no Compiler by hear-say but haue beene a reall Actor I take my selfe to haue a propertie in them and therefore haue beene bold to challenge them to come vnder the reach of my owne rough Pen. That which hath beene indured and passed through with hardship and danger is thereby sweetned to the Actor when he becometh the Relator I haue deeply hazarded my selfe in doing and suffering and why should I sticke to hazard my reputation in Recording He that acteth two parts is the more borne withall if he come short or fayle in one of them Where shall we looke to finde a Iulius Caesar whose atchieuments shine as cleare in his owne Commentaries as they did in the field I confesse my hand though able to weild a weapon among the Barbarous yet well may tremble in handling a Pen among so many Indicious especially when I am so bold as to call so piercing and so glorious an Eye as your Grace to view these poore ragged lines Yet my comfort is that heretofore honorable and vertuous Ladies and comparable but amongst themselues haue offred me rescue and protection in my greatest dangers even in forraine parts I haue felt reliefe from that sex The beauteous Lady Tragabigzanda when I was a slaue to the Turkes did all she could to secure me When I overcame the Bashaw of Nalbrits in Tartaria the charitable Lady Callâ—mata supplyed my necessities In the vtmost of many extremities that blessed Pokahontas the great Kings daughter of Virginia oft saved my life When I escaped the crueltie of Pirats and most furious stormes a long time alone in a small Boat at Sea and driven ashore in France the good Lady Madam Chanoyes bountifully assisted me And so verily these my adventures haue tasted the same influence from your Gratious hand which hath given birth to the publication of this Narration If therefore your Grace shall daigne to cast your eye on this poore Booke view I pray you rather your owne Bountie without which it had dyed in the wombe then my imperfections which haue no helpe but the shrine of your glorious Name to be sheltered from censorious condemnation Vouchsafe some glimpse of your honorable aspect to accept these my labours to protect them vnder the shadow of your excellent Name which will inable them to be presented to the Kings royall Maiestie the most admired Prince Charles and the Queene of Bohemia your sweet Recommendations will make it the worthier of their good countenances And as all my endevours are their due tribute so this Page shall record to posteritie that my service shall be to pray to God that you may still continue the renowned of your sexe the most honored of men and the highly blessed of God Your Graces faithfull and devoted servant IOHN SMITH ¶ A Preface of foure Poynts THis plaine History humbly sheweth the truth that our most royall King Iames hath place and opportunitie to inlarge his ancient Dominions without wronging any which is a condition most agreeable to his most iust pious resolutions and the Prince his Highness may see where to plant new Colonies The gaining Prouinces addeth to the Kings Crown but the reducing Heathen people to ciuilitie and true Religion bringeth honour to the King of Heauen If his Princely wisedome and powerfull hand renowned through the world for admirable government please but to set these now Estates into order their composure will be singular the counsell of divers is confused the generall Stocke is consumed nothing but the touch of the Kings sacred hand can erect a Monarchy Most noble Lords and worthy Gentlemen it is your Honors that haue imployed great paines and large expence in laying the foundation of this State wherein much hath beene buried vnder ground yet some thing hath sprung vp and giuen you a taste of your adventures Let no difficulties alter your noble intentions The action is an honour to your Country and the issue may well reimburse you your summes expended Our practices haue hitherto beene but assayes and are still to be amended Let your bountie supply the necessities of weake beginnings and your excellent iudgements rectifie the proceedings the returne cannot choose in the end but bring you good Commodities and good contentments by your aduancing shipping and fishing so vsefull vnto our Nation Yee valiant and generous spirits personall possessors of these new-found Territories banish from among you Cowardise covetousnes iealousies and idlenes enemies to the raising your honours and fortunes vertue industry and amitie will make you good and great and your merits liue to ensuing Ages You that in contempt of necessities hazard your liues and estates imploying your studies labours in these faire endevours liue and prosper as I desire my soule should prosper For my selfe let emulation and enuie cease I ever intended my actions should be vpright now my care hath beene that my Relations should giue every man they concerne their due But had I not discovered and liued in the most of those parts I could not possibly haue collected the substantiall truth from such a number of variable Relations that would haue made a Volume at least of a thousand sheets Though the beginning may seeme harsh in regard of the Antiquities breuitie and names a pleasanter Discourse ensues The stile of a Souldier is not eloquent but honest and iustifiable so I desire all my friends and well-wishers to excuse and accept it and if any be so noble as to respect it he that brought New England to light though long since brought in obscuritie he is againe to be found a true servant to all good designes So I ever rest yours to command IOHN SMITH A Gentleman desirous to be vnknowne yet a great Benefactor to Virginia his loue to the Author the Company and History STay reade behold skill courage knowledge Arts Wonder of Nature Mirror of our Clime Mars Vulcan Neptune striue to haue their parts Rare Ornaments
rich honours of our time From far fetcht Indies and Virginia's soyle Here Smith is come to shew his Art and skill He was the Smith that hammered famins foyle And on Powhatan's Emperour had his will Though first ColuÌ„bus Indies true Christofer Cabots braue Florida much admirer Meta Incognita rare Martin Frobisher Gilberts braue Humphery Neptunes deuourer Captaine Amadis Raleighs discouerer Sir Richard Grenvill Zealands braue coaster Drake doomes drowne death Spaines scorner Gosnolds Relates Pring prime observer Though these be gone and left behinde a name Yet Smith is here to Anvile out a peece To after Ages and eternall Fame That we may haue the golden Iasons fleece He Vulcan like diâ— forge a true Plantation And chain'd their Kings to his immortall glory Restoring peace and plentie to the Nation Regaining honour to this worthy Story By him the Infidels had due correction He blew the bellowes still of peace and plentie He made the Indians bow vnto subiection And Planters ne're return'd to Albion empty The Colonies pin'd staru'd staring bones so feeble By his braue proiects proued strong againe The Souldiers ' lowance he did seeke to treble And made the Salvage in vncouth place remaine He left the Countrey in prosperous happie state And plenty stood with peace at each mans doore Regarding not the Salvage loue nor hate TheÌ„selues grew well the IndiaÌ„s wondrous poore This there he did and now is home return'd To shew vs all that never thither goe That in his heart he deepely oft hath mourn'd Because the Action goeth on so slow Braue graue Wise Rich prize Benefactors Replant want continue still good Actors Be kinde and finde bring eyes to blind By Gods great might giue Indians light Spend money Bloud to doe that good That may giue Indians heav'nly food And God no lesse you still shall blesse Both you and yours the Lands possesse S. M. See here behold as in a Glasse All that is or is and was T. T. 1624. Samuel Purchas of his friend Captaine Iohn Smith and his Virginia LOe here SMITHS Forge where Forgery's Roâ—gue-branded True Pegasus is shoo'd fetters are forged For Silke-sotts Milk-sops base Sloth farre hence landed Soile-chang'd Soule-soil'd still Englands dregs discharged To plant supplant Virginia home-disgorged Where vertues praise frames good men Stories armour 'Gainst Time Achilles-like with best Arts charged Pallas all-arm'd all-learn'd can teach Sword-Grammer Can Pens of Pikes Armes t' Arts to Scholar Souldier hammer Can Pilgrim make a Maker all so-well Hath taught Smith scoure my rustie out-worne Muse And so coniur'd her in Virginian Cell That things vnlearned long by want of vse Shee fresh areeds me read without abuse By fabling Arthurs great Acts little made By greater lies she saith seales Faith excuse T' Island Groonland Estotiland to wade After lie-legends Malgo Brandon are Wares braide The Fryer of Linne frights her with his black Art Nor Brittish Bards can tell where Madoc planted Cabots Thorns Elyots truth haue wenne her heart Eldest diâ—cov'rers of New Worlds Cont'nent granted So had iust Fates Colon and Vespuce panted This got the name last least of Three the Other New Worlds Isles found first Cabot is most chanted In Three-Mens-song did more New World discover Then both then any an hundred degrees coasted over Haile S ir Sebastian Englands Northern Pole Virginia's finder Virgin Eliza nam'd it Gaâ—e't Raleigh Rut Prat Hore I not enrole Amadas rites to English right first fram'd it Lane planted return'd nor had English tam'd it Greenviles and Whites men all slaine New Plantation IAMES founds Sloth confounds feare pride faction sham'd it Smiths Forge mends all makes chaines for Savage Nation Frees feeds the rest the rest reade in his Bookes Relation Thomas Macarnesse to his worthy friend and Countryman Captaine Iohn Smith WHo loues to liue at home yet looke abroad And know both passen and vnpassen road The prime Plantation of an vnknowne shore The men the manners fruitfulnesse and store Read but this little Booke and then confesse The lesse thou lik'st and lou'st thou liu'st the lesse He writ it with great labour for thy good Twice over now in paper 'fore in blood It cost him deare both paines without an ayme Of private profit for thy publicke gaine That thou mightst read and know and safely see What he by practice thou by Theoree Commend him for his loyall loving heart Or else come mend him and take thou his part To his friend Captaine Iohn Smith and his Worke. I Know not how Desert more great can rise Then out of Danger t' ane for good mens Good Nor who doth better winne th' Olympian prize Than he whose Countryes Honor stirres his bloud Private respects haue private expectation Publicke designes should publish reputation This Gentleman whose Volumne heere is stoard With strange discoverie of GODS strangest Creatures Giues vs full view how he hath Sayl'd and Oar'd And Marcht full many myles whose rough defeatures Hath beene as bold as puissant vp to binde Their barbarous strength 's to follow him dog-linde But wit nor valour now adayes payes scores For estimation all goes now by wealth Or friends tush â— thrust the beggar out of dores That is not Purse-lyn'd those which liue by stealth Shall haue their haunts no matter what 's the guest In many places monies well come best But those who well discerne esteeme not so Nor I of thee braue Smith that hast beat out Thy Iron thus though I but little know To what t' hast seene yet I in this am stout My thoughts maps to my minde some accidents That makes mee see thy greater presidents Io Done To my worthy friend Captaine Iohn Smith How great a part of knowledge had wee lost Both of Virginia and the Summer Isles Had not thy carefull diligence and cost Inform'd vs thus with thy industrious stile Like Caesar now thou writ'st what thou hast done These acts this Booke will liue while ther 's a Sunne Edw Worseley To his much respected Friend Captaine Iohn Smith ENvie avant For Smith whose Anvill was Experience Could take his heat knew how and when to Strike Wrought well this Peece till After-negligence Mistaking temper Cold or Scorch'd or like Vnskilfull workmen that can never Fyle Nor Pollish it that takes in Forge such toyle Heere Noble Smith thou shewest the Temper true Which other Tampring Tempres never knew Ro Norton To his loving friend Captaine Iohn Smith WHere actions speake the praises of a man There Pennes that vse to flatter silent be Or if they speake it is to scorne or scanne For such with vertue seldome doe agree When I looke backe on all thy labours past Thy travels perils losses oft â—ustaind By Sea and Land and which is worst and last Neglect or small reward so dearely gaind I doe admire thy still vndanted spirit vnwearied yet to worke thy Countries good This be thy praise then due vnto thy merit For it th' hast venter'd life and lost thy blood 1.
2. 3. 1. 2. 3. Truth travayle and Neglect pure painefull most vnkinde 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. Doth proue consume dismay the soule the corps the minde Edw Ingham To my deare friend by true Vertue ennobled Captaine Iohn Smith MOre then enough I cannot thee commend Whos 's both abilities and Loue doe tend So to advance the good of that Estate By English charge and Planters propagate Through heapes of painfull hazards in the first Of which that Colony thy Care hath nurst And often that effected but with ten That after thee and now three hundred men Haue faild in 'mong the Salvages who shake At bruit of Thee as Spaine at Name of Drake Which well appeares considering the while Thou governedst nor force of theirs ne guile Lessend a man of thine but since I rue In Brittish blood they deeply did imbrue Their Heathen hands And truth to say we see Our selues wee lost vntimely leaving Thee Nor yet perceiue I any got betweene Thee and thy merit which hath better beene In prayse or profit much if counted iust Free from the Weales abuse or wronged trust Some few particulars perhaps haue sped But wherein hath the publicke prospered Or is there more of those Vast Countries knowne Then by thy Labours and Relations showne First best And shall wee loue Thee now the lesse Farre be â—t fit condignely to expresse Thankes by new Charge or recompence by whom Such past good hath such future good may come David Wiffin Noble Captaine Smith my worthy Friend NOt like the Age wherein thou liu'st to lie Buried in basenesse sloth or Ribaldrie For most doe thus hast thou thy selfe applide But in faire Actions Merits height descride Which like foure Theaters to set thee forth The worlds foure Quarters testifie thy worth The last whereof America best showes Thy paines and prayse and what to thee shee owes Although thy Sommer shone on th' Elder Three In as great Deeds as great varietie For opening to Her Selfe Her Selfe in Two Of Her large Members Now Ours to our view Thereby endearing vs to thy desart That doubly dost them to our hands impart There by thy Worke Heere by thy Workes By each Maist thou Fames lasting Wreath for guerdon reach And so become in after Times t' ensue A President for others So to doe William Grent To his worthily affected Friend Captaine Iohn Smith AMongst so many that by learned skill Haue given iust prayse to thee and to thy Booke Deare friend receiue this pledge of my good will Whereon if thou with acceptation looke And thinke it worthie ranke amongst the rest Vse thy discretion I haue done my best 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Contents of the generall History divided into six Books The first Booke THE first voyage to the new World by Madock Prince of Wales The next by Haâ—no Prince of Carthage and how it was offred K. Hen. 7. by Chr. Cullumbus that vndertooke it for the Spanyards 1492. How Iohn Cabot was imployed by King Hen. the 7. and found the Continent before Cullumbus Also Sir Martin Frobisher and Sir Humphrey Gilbert ranged towards the North. And how Captaine Amidas was sent to discover the coast of Florida by Sir Water Raleigh and his associates And the Country Wingandacoa was called Virginia by Qâ—cene Elizabeth Page 1 4. Sir Richard Greenvill sent thither with 108. he left for a plantation The discovery of the Rivers Chawonok and Moratoc The trechery of their King who with eight more were slaine and they all returned to England againe the same yeare with Sir Francis Drake pag. 5 9. The Observations of Master Heriot Of their commodities victuall fruâ—ts beasts fishes and foules Their Religion and beliefe of God of the Creation of the world and man the immortalitie of the soule the subtiltie of their Priests the peoples simplicitie and desire of salvation and other Accidents pag. 9 12. Sir Rich Greenvill sent to supply them Not finding them left fiftie Their successe page 13. Master White sent to relieue them found they were all slaine yet left 115. more and departed Returning the second time he could not heare of them his Observations and Accidents pag. 14 16. A discovery by Captaine Gosnoll of Elizabeths Isles his Observations Relations and returne pag. 17.18 The voyage of Captaine Pring to the same Coast. The discovery of Captaine Waymouth his Observations Relations and returne pag. 18 20. A Map of the old Virginia with the figures of the Salvages The second Booke Of Virginia now planted discovered by Captaine SMITH THe Latitude Temperature and Capes a description of Chisapeack Bay and sâ—aven navigable Rivers that fall into it with their severall Inhabitants and diversitie of Language pag. 21 25. Of things growing Naturally as woods fruits gummes berries herbs roots also of beasts birds and fishes how they divide the yeare prepare their ground plant their corne and vse it and other victuall page 25. 29. What commodities may be had by industry The description of the people their numbers constitutions dispositions attyre buildings lodgings and gardens their vsage of children striking of fire making their Bowes and Arrowes kniues swords targets and boats how they spinne make fish-hooks and ginnes and their order of hunting Consultations and order in Warres pag. 29 33. Their musicke entertainment trade Physicke Chirurgery and Charmes Their Religion God burials ordinary and extraordinary Temples Priests Ornaments solemnities Coniurations Altars sacrifices black boyes and resurrection pag. 34 36. The manner of their government their Emperor his attendants watch treasury wiues successors authority tenure of their lands and manner of punishment with some words of their Language Englished pag. 37 40. And a Mappe of the Countrey of Virginia now planted The third Booke Of the Accidents and Proceedings of the English THeir orders of government Accidents in going first landing and governement setled pag. 41.42 The Salvages assault the Fort the ships returne their names were left occasion of sicknes plenty vnexpected the building of Iames Towne the beginning of Trade two proiects to abandon the Country pag. 43 46. Their first attempts vpon the Salvages Captaine Smith taken prisoner their order of Triumph and how he should haue beene executed was preserved saved Iames towne from being surprised how they Contured him Powhataâ— entertained him would haue slaine him how Pocahontas his daughter saved him and sent him to Iames Towne The third plot to abandon the Countrey suppressed pag. 47 49. Their first Supply and Accidents The Salvages opinion of our God Captaine Smith revisits Powhatan Iames Towne burnt A coâ—ceited gold mine A needlesse charge Captaine Newports returne for England pag 50 53. Iames Towne rebuilt with a Church and Store-house The Salvages plot to murther all the English their insolencies suppressed Different opinions among the Councell p. 53. Their names landed in this Supply p. 54. The discovery of the Bay of Chriapeack Their fight and conference with the Kuskarawaoks Ambuscadoes prevented in the river Patawomek A mine like
of Ravens a new Supply with their Accidents and Moores returne pag. 177 180. The rent of the six governours a wonderfull accident of Hilliard not much lesse then a miracle pag. 181.182 The government of Ca. Tuckar Assises the strange adventure of 5 men in a boat plants from the West Indies the endevours of Cap. Powell Assises The Country neer devoured with ratts their strange confusion The divisions of the Isles into Tribes and Tribes into shares by Mr. Norwood the names of the adventurers and their shares p. 182 189. The first Magazin two exployts of desperate fugitiues The returne of Cap. Tuckar Cap Kendall left deputy-governor their Accidents pag. 189-191 The government of Cap. Butler A platforme burnt and much hurt by a Hericano The refortifying the Kings Castle The arrivall of two Dutch Frigots The rebuilding the Mount and a Tombe for Sir George Somers The reformation of their lawes and officers Their Assises A Parliament Their acts their opinion of the Magazin The building three Bridges The generall Assises A strange deliverance of a Spanish wracke A strange Sodomy many Ordnances got from wracks Their estates present p. 191-199 Master Barnard sent to be governour his arrivall death and funerall with the proceedings of Mr. Harrison his successor Cap. Woodhouse their governor pag. 200-201 Certaine Verses of Master Withers and other Gentlemen The sixt Booke A Mappe of New-England How this Country hath bin accounted but a miserable Desert Captain Smiths first voyage what peace and warres he had with the Salvages and within 6. moneths returned with 1500l. worths of commodities got Prince Charles to call it new-New-England A Table of the old names and the new pag. 203 205. Cap. Hobsons voyage to Capan the Londoners apprehend it The situation notes for ignorant vndertakers The description of the Country Staple Commodities present proofe of the healthfulnesse of the clime Observations of the Hollanders chiefe trade p. 209. Examples of the altitude comparatiuely the reasons why to plant it An example of the gaines every yeare a description of 15. severall Countries in particular Of their Kings rivers harbors Isles mountains landmarks fruits woods birds fishes beasts c. and how as well Gentlemen as mecanicks may be imployed get much wealth with the reasons and causes of the defaylements p. 206 221. Cap. Smiths second voyage his ship neere foundered in the Sea He reimbarketh himselfe incountreth the English Pyrats fought with the French Pyrates is betrayed by 4. French men of warre how he was released his men ran from him with ship and all how he lived with the French men what fights they had what prizes they tooke the French mens ingratitude 13 sayle cast away how he escaped proceeded in France returned for England and punished them ran from him pag. 222 227. The yearely trialls of New-England the benefit of fishing as Mr. Dee and divers report and approoved by the Hollanders Records how it becomes so well apprehended that more then 150. haue gone thither to fish with an estimate of their gaines with many observations and Accidents pag. 228-230 A Plantation in New-England their first landing divers iourneys accidents the description of the harbors bayes lakes and that place they inhabit called New-Plimouth conference with the Salvages and kinde vsage of the King of the Massasoyts a strange policie of Tusquantum pag. 230 234. The Salvages make warres for their friendships the English revenge their friends iniuries Notes and observations They lived two yeares without Supplyes the death of Tusquantum they contriue to murther the English how the English did cure a King sicke to death two most desperate Salvages the courage of Cap. Standish the Salvages sue for peace pag. 235 239. A most remarkable observation of Gods loue 40 sayle fished thâ—re this yeare the religion of the Salvages the government an answer to obiections considerations the charge the order of the Western men p. 140 142. The effects of shipping the Popes order for the East and West Indies How to build a little navy royall contention for New-EnglaÌ„d The necessitie of martiall power p. 243-244 The charge to set forth a ship of a 100. tuns both to make a fishing voyage increase the plantation The facilitie of the fishing lately observed Their present estate at New-Plimouth and order of government It s not his part that is the best Translator To render word for word to every Author HOW ANCIENT AVTHORS REPORT THE NEVV-VVORLD Now called America was discovered and part thereof first Planted by the ENGLISH called VIRGINIA with the Accidents and Proceedings of the same ⧠The first Booke FOR the Stories of Arthur Malgo and Brandon that say a thousand yeares agoe they were in the North of America or the Fryer of Linn that by his blacke Art went to the North pole in the yeare 1360. in that I know them not Let this suffice The Chronicles of Wales report that Madock sonne to Owen Quineth Prince of Wales seeing his two brethren at debate who should inherit prepared certaine Ships with men and munition and left his Country to seeke aduentures by Sea leauing Ireland North he sayled west till he came to a Land vnknowne Returning home and relating what pleasant and fruitfull Countries he had seene without Inhabitants and for what barren ground his brethren and kindred did murther one another he provided a number of Ships and got with him such men and women as were desirous to liue in quietnesse that arriued with him in this new Land in the yeare 1170 Left many of his people there and returned for more But where this place was no History can show The Spanyards say Hanno a Prince of Carthage was the first and the next Christopher Cullumbus a Genoesian whom they sent to discover those vnknowne parts 1492. But we finde by Records Cullumbus offered his seruice in the yeare 1488. to King Henry the seauenth and by accident vndertooke it for the Spanyards In the Interim King Henry gaue a Commission to Iohn Cabot and his three sonnes Sebastian Lewis and Sautius Iohn and Sebastian well provided setting sayle ranged a great part of this vnknowne world in the yeare 1497. For though Cullumbus had found certaine Iles it was 1498. ere he saw the Continent which was a yeare after Cabot Now Americus came a long time after though the whole Continent to this day is called America after his name yet Sebastian Cabot discovered much more then them all for he sayled to about forty degrees Southward of the lyne and to sixty-seauen towards the North for which King Henry the eight Knighted him and made him grand Pilate of England Being very aged King Edward the sixt gaue him a Pention of 166l. 13â— 4d. yearely By his directions Sir Hugh Willowby was sent to finde out the Country of Russia but the next yeare he was found frozen to death in his Ship and all his Company Mr Martin Frobisher was sent in the yeare 1576. by our most gracious Queene
with neare 50. Salvagâ—s came towards vs. Being vnwilling they should see our building we went to exchanged with them Kniues Hatchets Beades Bels and such trifles for some Bevers Lyzards Martins Foxes wilde Catte skinnes and such like We saw them haue much red Copper whereof they make chaines collars and drinking cups which they so little esteemed they would giue vs for small toyes signified vnto vs they had it out of the earth in the Mayne three dayes they stayed with vs but every night retyred two or three myle from vs after with many signes of loue and friendship they departed seaven of them staying behind that did helpe vs to dig and carry Saxafras and doe any thing they could being of a comely proportion and the best condition of any Salvages we had yet incountred They haue no Beards but counterfeits as they did thinke ours also was for which they would haue changed with some of our men that had great beards Some of the baser sort would steale but the better sort we found very civill and iust We saw but three of their women and they were but of meane stature attyred in skins like the men but fat and well favoured The wholesomenesse and temperature of this climate doth not onely argue the people to be answerable to this Description but also of a perfect constitution of body actiue strong healthfull and very witty as the sundry toyes by them so cunningly wrought may well testifie For our selues we found our selues rather increase in health and strength then otherwise for all our toyle bad dyet and lodging yet not one of vs was touched with any sicknesse Twelue intended here a while to haue stayed but vpon better consideration how meanely we were provided we left this Island with as many true sorrowfull eyes as were before desirous to see it the 18. of Iune and arrived at Eâ—mouth the 23 of Iuly But yet mans minde doth such it selfe explay As Gods great Will doth frame it every way And Such thoughts men haue on earth that doe but liue As men may craue but God doth onely giue Written by Iohn Brierton one of the Voyage A Voyage of Captaine Martin Pring with two Barks from Bristow for the North part of Virginia 1603. BY the inducements and perswasions of Mr Richard Hackluite Mr Iohn Whitson being Maior with his brethren the Aldermen most of the Merchants of the Citie of Bristow raised a stocke of 1000l. to furnish out two Barkes the one of 50. tuns with 30. men and boyes the other 26. tuns with 13. men and boyes having Martin Pring an vnderstanding Gentleman and a sufficient Mariner for Captaine and Robert Salterne his Assistant who had bin with Captaine Gosnoll there the yeare before for Pilot. Though they were much crossed by contrary windes vpon the coast of England and the death of that ever most memorable miracle of the world our most deare soveraigne Lady and Queene Elizabeth yet at last they passed by the westerne Isles and about the 7. of Iune fell vpon the north part of Virginia about the degrees of fortie three Where they found plentie of most sorts of fish and saw a high country full of great woods of sundry sorts As they ranged the coast at a place they named Whitson Bay they were kindly vsed by the Natiues that came to them in troupes of tens twenties thirties and sometimes more But because in this Voyage for most part they followed the course of Captaine Gosnoll and haue made no relation but to the same effect he writ before we will thus conclude Lay hands vnto this worke with all thy wit But pray that God would speed and perfit it Robert Salterne A relation of a Discovery towards the Northward of Virginia by Captaine George Waymouth 1605. imployed thether by the right Honorable Thomas Arundell Baron of Warder in the Raigne of our most royall King IAMES VPon tuesday the fift of March we set sayle from Ratcliffe but by contrary winds we were forced into Dartmouth till the last of this moneth then with 29. as good sea men all necessary provisioÌ„s as could possibly be gotten we put to sea and the 24 of Aprill fell with Flowres and Coruos We intended as we were directed towards the Southward of 39. But the winds so crossed vs wee fell more Northwards about 41. and 20. minuits we sounded at 100. fathom by that we had run 6 leagues we had but 5. yet saw no land from the mayne top we descryed a whitish sandy clift West North-west some 6. leagues from vs but ere we had run two leagues further we found many shoules and breaches sometimes in 4. fadom and the next throw 15. or 18. Being thus imbayed among those shoules we were constrained to put back againe which we did with no small danger though both the winde and weather were as fayre as we could desire Thus we parted from the Land which we had not before so much desired and at the first sight reioyced as now we all ioyfully praysed God that he had delivered vs from so eminent danger Here we found excellent Cod and saw many Whales as we had done 2. or 3. daies before Being thus constrained to put to sea the want of wood water caused vs take the best advantage of the winde to fall with the shore wheresoever but we found our Sea cards most directly false The 17. of May we made the Land againe but it blew so hard we durst not approach it The next day it appeared to vs a mayne high land but we found it an Island of 6. myles in compasse within a league of it we came to an anchor and went on shore for wood water of which we found sufficient The water gushing forth downe the rocky clifts in many places which are all overgrown with Firre Birch Beech Oke as the Verge is with Gousberries Strawberries wild Pease and Rose bushes and much foule of divers sorts that breed among the rockes here as in all places els where we came we found Cod enough From hence we might discerne the mayne land and very high mountaines the next day because we rode too open to the Sea we waighed and came to the Isles adioyning to the mayn among which we found an excellent rode defended from all windes for ships of any burthen in 6.7.8.9 or 10. fadom vpon a clay oze This was vpon a Whitsonday wherefore we called it Pentecost Harbour Here I cannot omit for foolish feare of imputation of flattery the painfull industry of our Captaine who as at Sea he was alwayes most carefull vigilant so at land he refused no paines but his labour was ever as much or rather more then any mans which not onely incouraged others with better content but also effected much with great expedition We digged a Garden the 22. of May where among our garden-seeds we sowed Pease and Barley which in 16. dayes grew
nor the scandalous imputations of some few little better then Atheists of the greatest ranke amongst vs suggested against him all this could never force from him so much as a seeming desire to leaue the busines but preferred the service of God in so good a voyage before any affection to contest with his godlesse foes whose disasterous designes could they haue prevailed had even then overthrowne the businesse so many discontents did then arise had he not with the water of patience and his godly exhortations but chiefly by his true devoted examples quenched those flames of envie and dissention We watered at the Canaries we traded with the Salvages at Dominica three weekes we spent in refreshing our selues amongst these west-India Isles in Gwardalupa we found a bath so hot as in it we boyled Porck as well as over the fire And at a little Isle called Monica we tooke from the bushes with our hands neare two hogsh-heads full of Birds in three or foure houres In Mevis Mona and the Virgin Isles we spent some time where with a lothsome beast like a Crocodil called a Gwayn Tortoises Pellicans Parrots and fishes we daily feasted Gone from thence in search of Virginia the company was not a little discomforted seeing the Marriners had 3 dayes passed their reckoning and found no land so that Captaine Ratliffe Captaine of the Pinnace rather desired to beare vp the helme to returne for England then make further search But God the guider of all good actions forcing them by an extreame storme to hull all night did driue them by his providence to their desired Port beyond all their expectations for never any of them had seene that coast The first land they made they called Cape Henry where thirtie of them recreating themselues on shore were assaulted by fiue Salvages who hurt two of the English very dangerously That night was the box opened and the orders read in which Bartholomew Gosnoll Iohn Smith Edward Wingfield Christopher Newport Iohn Ratliffe Iohn Martin and George Kendall were named to be the Councell and to choose a President amongst them for a yeare who with the Councell should governe Matters of moment were to be examined by a Iury but determined by the maior part of the Councell in which the President had two voyces Vntill the 13 of May they sought a place to plant in then the Councell was sworne Mr Wingfield was chosen President and an Oration made why Captaine Smith was not admitted of the Councell as the rest Now falleth every man to worke the Councell contriue the Fort the rest cut downe trees to make place to pitch their Tents some provide clapbord to relade the ships some make gardens some nets c. The Salvages often visited vs kindly The Presidents overweening iealousie would admit no exercise at armes or fortification but the boughs of trees cast together in the forme of a halfe moone by the extraordinary paines and diligence of Captaine Kendall Newport Smith and twentie others were sent to discover the head of the river by divers small habitations they passed in six dayes they arrived at a Towne called Powhatan consisting of some twelue houses pleasantly seated on a hill before it three fertile Isles about it many of their cornefields the place is very pleasant and strong by nature of this place the Prince is called Powhatan and his people Powhatans to this place the river is navigable but higher within a myle by reason of the Rockes and Isles there is not passage for a small Boat this they call the Falles the people in all parts kindly intreated them till being returned within twentie myles of Iames towne they gaue iust cause of iealousie but had God not blessed the discoverers otherwise then those at the Fort there had then beene an end of that plantation for at the Fort where they arrived the next day they found 17 men hurt and a boy slaine by the Salvages and had it not chanced a crosse barre shot from the Ships strooke downe a bough from a tree amongst them that caused them to retire our men had all beene slaine being securely all at worke and their armes in dry fats Herevpon the President was contented the Fort should be pallisadoed the Ordnance mounted his men armed and exercised for many were the assaults and ambuscadoes of the Salvages our men by their disorderly stragling were often hurt when the Salvages by the nimblenesse of their heeles well escaped What toyle we had with so small a power to guard our workemen adayes watch all night resist our enemies and effect our businesse to relade the ships cut downe trees and prepare the ground to plant our Corne c I referre to the Readers consideration Six weekes being spent in this manner Captaine Newport who was hired onely for our transportation was to returne with the ships Now Captaine Smith who all this time from their departure from the Canaries was restrained as a prisoner vpon the scandalous suggestions of some of the chiefe envying his repute who fained he intended to vsurpe the government murther the Councell and make himselfe King that his confederats were dispersed in all the three ships and that divers of his confederats that revealed it would affirme it for this he was committed as a prisoner thirteene weekes he remained thus suspected and by that time the ships should returne they pretended out of their commisserations to referre him to the Councell in England to receiue a check rather then by particulating his designes make him so odious to the world as to touch his life or vtterly overthrow his reputation But he so much scorned their charitie and publikely defied the vttermost of their crueltie he wisely prevented their policies though he could not suppresse their envies yet so well he demeaned himselfe in this businesse as all the company did see his innocency and his adversaries malice and those suborned to accuse him accused his accusers of subornation many vntruthes were alledged against him but being so apparently disproved begat a generall hatred in the hearts of the company against such vniust Commanders that the President was adiudged to giue him 200l. so that all he had was seized vpon in part of satisfaction which Smith presently returned to the Store for the generall vse of the Colony Many were the mischiefes that daily sprung from their ignorant yet ambitious spirits but the good Doctrine and exhortation of our Preacher Mr Hunt reconciled them and caused Captaine Smith to be admitted of the Councell the next day all receiued the Communion the day following the Salvages voluntarily desired peace and Captaine Newport returned for England with newes leaving in Virginia 100. the 15 of Iune 1607. By this obserue Good men did ne'r their Countries ruine bring But when evill men shall iniuries beginne Not caring to corrupt and violate The iudgements-seats for their owne Lucr's sake Then looke that Country cannot long haue peace Though for the present
time he importunately desired them but Smith seemed so much the more to affect them as being composed of a most rare substance of the coulour of the skyes and not to be worne but by the greatest kings in the world This made him halfe madde to be the owner of such strange Iewells so that ere we departed for a pound or two of blew beades be brought ouer my king for 2. or 300. Bushells of corne yet parted good friends The like entertainment we found of Opechankanough king of Pamavnkee whom also he in like manner fitted at the like rates with blew beads which grew by this meanes of that estimation that none durst weare any of them but their great kings their wiues and children And so we returned all well to Iames towne where this new supply being lodged with the rest accidentally fired their quarters and so the towne which being but thatched with reeds the fire was so fierce as it burnt their Pallisado's though eight or ten yards distant with their Armes bedding apparell and much priuate prouision Good Master Hunt our Preacher lost all his Library and all he had but the cloathes on his backe yet none neuer heard him repine at his losse This happned in the winter in that extreame frost 1607. Now though we had victuall sufficient I meane onely of Oatmeale meale and corne yet the Ship staying 14. weekes when shee might as wel haue beene gone in 14. dayes spent a great part of that and neare all the rest that was sent to be landed When they departed what there discretion could spare vs to make a little poore meale or two we called feastes to relish our mouthes of each somwhat they left vs yet I must confesse those that had either money spare clothes credit to giue billes of paiment gold rings furrs or any such commodities were euer welcome to this remouing tauerne such was our patience to obay such vile Commanders and buy our owne provisions at 15. times the value suffering them feast we bearing the charge yet must not repine but fast least we should incurre the censure of factious and seditious persons and then leakage ship-rats and other casuallties occasioned them losse but the vessels and remnants for totals we were glad to receaue with all our hearts to make vp the account highly commending their prouidence for preseruing that least they should discourage any more to come to vs. Now for all this plenty our ordynary was but meale and water so that this great charge little releeued our wants whereby with the extremitie of the bitter cold frost and those defects more then halfe of vs dyed I cannot deny but both Smith and Skriuener did their best to amend what was amisse but with the President went the maior part that there hornes were to short But the worst was our guilded refiners with their golden promises made all men their slaues in hope of recompences there was no talke no hope no worke but dig gold wash gold refine gold loade gold such a bruit of gold that one mad fellow desired to be buried in the sands least they should by there art make gold of his bones little neede there was and lesse reason the ship should stay there wages run on our victualls consume 14. weekes that the Mariners might say they did helpe to build such a golden Church that we can say the raine washed neere to nothing in 14. dayes Were it that captaine Smith would not applaude all those golden inventions because they admitted him not to the sight of their trialls nor golden consultations I know not but I haue heard him oft question with Captaine Martin tell him except he could shew him a more substantiall triall he was not inamoured with their durty skill breathing out these and many other passions neuer any thing did more torment him then to see all necessary busines neglected to fraught such a drunken ship with so much guilded durt Till then we neuer accounted Captaine Newport a refiner who being ready to set saile for England we not hauing any vse of Parliaments Plaies Petitions Admiralls Recorders Interpreters Chronologers Courts of Plea nor Iustices of peace sent Master Wingfield and Captaine Archer home with him that had ingrossed all those titles to seeke some better place of imployment Oh cursed gold those hunger-starved movers To what misfortunes lead'st thou all those lovers For all the China wealth nor Indies can Suffice the minde of an av'ritious man CHAP. IIII. The Arrivall of the Phoenix her returne and other Accidents THe authoritie now consisting in Captaine Martin and the still sickly President the sale of the Stores commodities maintained his estate as an inheritable revenew The spring approaching and the Ship departing Mr Scrivener and Captaine Smith devided betwixt them the rebuilding Iames towne the repairing our Pallizadoes the cutting downe trees preparing our fields planting our corne and to rebuild our Church and recover our Store house All men thus busie at their severall labours Master Nelson arrived with his lost Phoenix lost I say for that we all deemed him lost Landing safely all his men so well he had mannaged his ill hap causing the Indian Isles to feede his company that his victuall to that we had gotten as is said before was neare after our allowance sufficient for halfe a yeare He had not any thing but he freely imparted it which honest dealing being a Marriner caused vs admire him we would not haue wished more then he did for vs. Now to relade this ship with some good tydings the President not holding it stood with the dignitie of his place to leaue the Fort gaue order to Captaine Smith to discover and search the commodities of the Monacans Countrey beyond the Falls Sixtie able men was allotted them the which within six dayes Smith had so well trained to their armes and orders that they little feared with whom they should incounter yet so vnseasonable was the time and so opposit was Captaine Martin to any thing but onely to fraught this ship also with his phantasticall gold as Captaine Smith rather desired â—o relade her with Cedar which was a present dispatch then either with durt or the hopes and reports of an vncertaine discovery which he would performe when they had lesse charge and more leisure But The God of Heav'n He eas'ly can Immortalize a mortall man With glory and with fame The same God ev'n as eas'ly may Afflict a mortall man I say With sorrow and with shame Whilst the conclusion was a resolving this hapned Powhatan to expresse his loue to Newport when he departed presented him with twentie Turkies conditionally to returne him twentie â—words which immediately was sent him now after his departure he presented Captaine Smith with the like luggage but not finding his humor obeyed in not sending such weapons as he desired he caused his people with twentie devices to obtaine them At last by ambuscadoes at our
very Ports they would take them perforce surprise vs at worke or any way which was so long permitted they became so insolent there was no rule the command from England was so strait not to offend them as our authoritie-bearers keeping their houses would rather be any thing then peace-breakers This charitable humor prevailed till well it chanced they medled with Captaine Smith who without farther deliberation gaue them such an incounter as some he so hunted vp and downe the Isle some he so terrified with whipping beating and imprisoâ—ment as for revenge they surprised two of our forraging disorderly souldiers and having assembled their forces boldly threatned at our Ports to force Smith to redeliver seven Salvages which for their villanies he detained prisoners or we were all but dead men But to try their furies he sallied out amongst them and in lesse then an houre he so hampred their insolencies they brought them his two men desiring peace without any further composition for their prisoners Those he examined and caused them all beleeue by severall vollies of shot one of their companions was shot to death because they would not confesse their intents and plotters of those villanies And thus they all agreed in one point they were directed onely by Powhatan to obtaine him our weapons to cut our owne throats with the manner where how and when which we plainly found most true and apparant yet he sent his messengers and his dearest daughter Pocahontas with presents to excuse him of the iniuries done by some rash vntoward Captaines his subiects desiring their liberties for this time with the assurance of his loue for ever After Smith had given the prisoners what correction he thought fit vsed them well a day or two after then delivered them Pocahontas for whose sake onely he fayned to haue saued their liues and gaue them libertie The patient Councell that nothing would moue to warre with the Salvages would gladly haue wrangled with Captaine Smith for his crueltie yet none was slaine to any mans knowledge but it brought them in such feare and obedience as his very name would sufficiently affright them where before wee had sometime peace and warre twice in a day and very seldome a weeke but we had some trecherous villany or other The fraught of this Ship being concluded to be Cedar by the diligence of the Master and Captaine Smith she was quickly reladed Master Scrivener was neither idle nor slow to follow all things at the Fort the Ship being ready to set sayle Captaine Martin being alwayes very sickly and vnserviceable and desirous to inioy the credit of his supposed Art of finding the golden Mine was most willingly admitted to returne for England For He hath not fill'd his lapp That still doth hold it oap From the writings of Thomas Studley and Anas Tâ—dkill Their Names that were landed in this Supply Mathew Scrivener appointed to be one of the Councell Gent. Michaell Phittiplace William Phittiplace Ralph Morton Richard Wyffing Iohn Taverner William Cantrell Robert Barnes Richard Fetherstone George Hill George Pretty Nathaniell Causy Peter Pory Robert Gutler Michaell Sicklemore William Bentley Thomas Coe Doctor Russell Ieffrey Abbot Edward Gurgana Richard Worley Timothy Leeds Richard Killingbeck William Spence Richard â—rodger Richard Pots Richard Mullinax William Bayley Francis Perkins Iohn Harper George Forest. Iohn Nichols William Griuell Labourers RaymoÌ„d Goodison William Simons Iohn Spearman Richard Bristow William Perce Iames Watkins Iohn Bouth Christopher Rods. Richard Burket Iames Burre Nicholas Ven. Francis Perkins Richard Gradon Rawland Nelstrop Richard Savage Thomas Savage Richard Milmer William May. Vere Michaell Bishop Wiles Taylers Thomas Hope William Ward Iohn Powell William Yong. William Beckwith Larence Towtales Apothecaries Thomas Field Iohn Harford Dani Stallings Ieweller Will Dawson a refiner Abram Ransack a refiner Wil. Iohnson a Goldsmith Peter Keffer a gunsmith Rob. Alberton a perfumer Richard Belfuld a Goldsmith Post Ginnat a Chirurg Iohn Lewes a Cooper Robert Cotton a Tobacco-pipe-maker Richard Dole a Black-smith And divers others to the number of 120. CHAPTER V. The Accidents that hapned in the Discovery of the Bay of Chisapeack THe prodigalitie of the Presidents state went so deepe into our small store that Smith and Scrivener tyed him and his Parasites to the rules of proportion But now Smith being to depart the Presidents authoritie so overswayed the discretion of Mr Scrivener that our store our time our strength and labours were idely consumed to fulfill his phantasies The second of Iune 1608. Smith left the Fort to performe his Discovery with this Company Walter Russell Doctor of Physicke Gentlemen Ralfe Murton Thomas Momford William Cantrill Richard Fetherston Iames Burne Michell Sicklemore Souldiers Ionas Profit Anas Todkill Robert Small Iames Watkins Iohn Powell Iames Read Richard Keale These being in an open Barge neare three tuns burthen leaving the Phoenix aâ— Cape Henry they crossed the Bay to the Easterne shore and fell with the Isles called Smiths Isles after our Captaines name The first people we saw were two grim and stout Salvages vpon Cape Charles with long poles like lauelings headed with bone they boldly demanded what we were and what we would but after many circumstances they seemed very kinde and directed vs to Accomack the habitation of their Werowance where we were kindly intreated This King was the comliest proper civill Salvage we incountred His Country is a pleasant fertile clay â—oyle some small creekes good Harbours for small Barks but not for Ships He told vs of a strange accident lately happened him and it was two children being dead some extreame passions or dreaming visions phantasies or affection moued their parents againe to revisit their dead carkases whose benummed bodies reflected to the eyes of the beholders such delightfull countenances as though they had regained their vitall spirits This as a miracle drew many to behold them all which being a great part of his people not long after dyed and but few escaped They spake the language of Powhatan wherein they made such descriptions of the Bay Isles and rivers that often did vs exceeding pleasure Passing along the coast searching every inlet and Bay fit for harbours and habitations Seeing many Isles in the midst of the Bay we bore vp for them but ere we could obtaine them such an extreame gust of wind rayne thunder and lightening happened that with great danger we escaped the vnmercifull raging of that Ocean-like water The highest land on the mayne yet it was but low we called Keales hill and these vninhabited Isles Russels Isles The next day searching them for fresh water we could find none the defect whereof forced vs to follow the next Easterne Channell which brought vs to the river of Wighcocomoco The people at first with great fury seemed to assault vs yet at last with songs and daunces and much mirth became very tractable but searching their habitations for water we could fill but
in a weeke For he who scornes and makes but iests of cursings and his othe He doth contemne not man but God nor God nor man but both By this let no man thinke that the President and these Gentlemen spent their times as common Wood-haggers at felling of trees or such other like labours or that they were pressed to it as hirelings or common slaues for what they did after they were but once a little invred it seemed and some conceited it onely as a pleasure and recreation yet 30 or 40 of such voluntary Gentlemen would doe more in a day then 100 of the rest that must be prest to it by compulsion but twentie good workemen had beene better then them all Master Scrivener Captaine Waldo and Captaine Winne at the Fort every one in like manner carefully regarded their charge The President returning from amongst the woods seeing the time consumed and no provision gotten and the Ship lay idle at a great charge and did nothing presently imbarked himselfe in the discovery barge giving order to the Councell to send Lieutenant Percie after him with the next barge that arrived at the Fort two Barges he had himselfe and 18 men but arriving at Chickahamania that dogged Nation was too well acquainted with our wants refusing to trade with as much scorne and insolency as they could expresse The President perceiuing it was Powhatans policy to starue vs told them he came not so much for their Corne as to revenge his imprisonment and the death of his men murthered by them and so landing his men and readie to charge them they immediately fled and presently after sent their Ambassadors with corne fish foule and what they had to make their peace their Corne being that yeare but bad they complained extreamely of their owne wants yet fraughted our Boats with an hundred Bushels of Corne and in like manner Lieutenant Percies that not long after arrived and having done the best they could to content vs we parted good friends and returned to Iames towne Though this much contented the Company that feared nothing more then starving yet some so envied his good successe that they rather desired to hazzard a starving then his paines should proue so much more effectuall then theirs Some proiects there were invented by Newport and Ratliffe not onely to haue deposed him but to haue kept him out of the Fort for that being President he would leaue his place and the Fort without their consents but their hornes were so much too short to effect it as they themselues more narrowly escaped a greater mischiefe All this time our old Taverne made as much of all them that had either money or ware as could be desired by this time they were become so perfect on all sides I meane the souldiers saylers and Salvages as there was tenne times more care to maintaine their damnablâ— and private trade then to provide for the Colony things that were necessary Neither was it a small policy in Newport and the Marriners to report in England we had such plentie and bring vs so many men without victuals when they had so many private Factors in the Fort that within six or seauen weeks of two or three hundred Axes Chissels How 's and Pick-axes scarce twentie could be found and for Pike-heads shot Powder or any thing they could steale from their fâ—llowes was vendible they knew as well and as secretly how to convey them to trade with the Salvages for Furres Baskets Mussaneeks young Beasts or such like Commodities as exchange them with the Saylers for Butter Cheese Beefe Porke Aqua vitae Beere Bisket Oatmeale and Oyle and then fayne all was sent them from their friends And though Virginia affoorded no Furres for the Store yet one Master in one voyage hath got so many by this indirect meanes as he confessed to haue sold in England for 30l. Those are the Saint-seeming Worthies of Virginia that haue notwithstanding all this meate drinke and wages but now they begin to grow weary their trade being both perceived and prevented none hath beene in Virginia that hath observed any thing which knowes not this to be true and yet the losse the scorne the misery and shame was the poore Officers Gentlemen and carelesse Governours who were all thus bought sold the adventurers cousened and the action overthrowne by their false excuses informations and directions By this let all men iudge how this businesse could prosper being thus abused â—y such pilfring occasions And had not Captaine Newport cryed Peccavi the President would haue discharged the ship and caused him to haue stayed one yeare in Virginia to learne to speake of his owne experience Master Scrivener was sent with the Barges and Pinnace to Werowocomoco where he found the Salvages more readie to fight then trade but his vigilancy was such as prevented their proiects and by the meanes of Namontack got three or foure hogsheads of Corne and as much Pocones which is a red roote which then was esteemed an excellent Dye Captaine Newport being dispatched with the tryals of Pitch Tarre Glasse Frankincense Sope ashes with that Clapboord and Waynscot that could be provided met with Mr Scrivener at poynt Comfort and so returned for England We remaining were about two hundred ¶ The Copy of a Letter sent to the Treasurer and Councell of Virginia from Captaine Smith then President in VIRGINIA Right Honorable c. I Received your Letter wherein you write that our minds are so set vpon faction and idle conceits in diuiding the Country without your consents and that we feed You but with ifs ands hopes some few proofes as if we would keepe the mysteâ—y of the businesse to our selues and that we must expresly follow your instructions sent by Captain Newport the charge of whose voyage amounts to neare two thousand pounds the which if we cannot defray by the Ships returne we are like to râ—main as banished men To these particulars I humbly intreat your Pardons if I offend you with my rude Answer For our factions vnlesse you would haue me run away and leaue the Country I caâ—not prevent them because I do make many stay that would els fly any whether For the iâ—le Letter sent to my Lord of Salisbury by the President and his confâ—derats for diuiding the Country c. What it was I know not for you saw no hand of mine to it nor euer dream't I of any such matter That we feed you with hopes c. Though I be no scholer I am past a schoole boy and I desire but to know what either you and these here doe know but that I haue learned to tell you by the continuall hazard of my life I haue not concealed from you any thing I know but I feare some cause you to beleeue much more then is true Expresly to follow your direstions by Captaine Newport though they be performed I was directly against it but according to our
Poles with some others to the number of seaventie persons c. These poore conclusions so affrighted vs all with famine that the President provided for Nâ—ndsamund and tooke with him Captaine Winne and Mr Scrivener then returning from Captaine Newport These people also long denied him not onely the 400 Baskets of Corne thâ—y promised but any trade at all excusing themselues they had â—pent most they had and were commanded by Powhatan to keepe that they had and not to let vs come into their river till we were constrained to begin with them perforce Vpon the discharging of our Muskets they all fled and shot not an Arrow the first house we came to we set on fire which when they perceiued they desired we would make no more spoyle and they would giue vs halfe they had how they collected it I know not but before night they loaded our three Boats and so we returned to our quarter some foure myles downe the River which was onely the open woods vnder the lay of a hill where all the ground was covered with snow and hard frozen the snow we digged away and made a great fire in the place when the ground was well dryed we turned away the fire and covering the place with a mat there we lay very warme To keepe vs from the winde we made a shade of another Mat as the winde turned we turned our shade and when the ground grew cold we remoued the fire And thus many a cold winter night haue wee laine in this miserable manner yet those that most commonly went vpon all those occasions were alwayes in health lusty and sat For sparing them this yeare the nâ—xt yeare they promised to plant purposely for vs and so we returned to Iames towne About this time there was a marriage betwixt Iohn Laydon and Anne Burras which was the first marriage we had in Virginia Long he stayed not but fitting himselfe and Captaine Waldo with two Barges From Chawopoweanock and all parts thereabouts all the people were fled as being iealous of our intents till we discovered the rivâ—r and people of Apamatuck where we found not much that they had we equally divided but gaue them copper and such things as contented them in consideration Master Scrivener and Lieutenant Percie went also abroad but could find nothing The President seeing the procrastinating of time was no course to liue resolved with Captaine Waldo whom he knew to be sure in time of need to surprise Powhatan and all his provision but the vnwillingnesse of Captaine Winne and Master Scrivener for some private respect plotted in England to ruine Captaine Smith did their best to hinder their proiect but the President whom no perswasions could perswade to starue being invited by Powhatan to come vnto him and if he would send him but men to build him a house giue him a gryndstone fiftie swords some peeces a cock and a hen with much copper and beads he would loâ—d his Ship with Corne. The President not ignorant of his devises and subtiltie yet vnwilling to neglect any opportunitie presently sent three Dutch-men and two English having so small allowance few were able to doe any thing to purpose knowing there needed no better a Castle to effect this proiect tooke order with Captaine Waldo to second him if need required Scrivener he left his substitute and set forth with thâ— Pinnace two Barges and fortie-six men which onely were such as voluntarily offered themselues for his Iourney the which by reason of Mr Scriveners ill successe was censured very desperate they all knowing Smith would not returne emptie if it were to be had howsoever it caused many of those that he had appointed to find excuses to stay behinde CHAP. VIII Captaine Smiths Iourney to Pamavnkee THe twentie-nine of December he set forward for Werowocomoco his Company were these In the Discovery Barge himselfe Gent. Robert Behethland Nathanael Graues Iohn Russell Raleigh Chrashow Michael Sicklemore Richard Worley Souldiers Anas Todkill William Loue. William Bentley Ieffrey Shortridge Edward Pising William Ward In the Pinnace Lieutenant Percie brother to the Earle of Northumberland Master Francis West brother to the Lord La Warre William Phittiplace Captaine of the Pinnace Gent. Michael Phittiplace Ieffrey Abbot Serieant William Tankard George Yarington Iames Browne Edward Brinton George Burton Thomas Coe Ionas Profit Master Robert Ford Clarke of the Councell Iohn Dods Souldier Henry Powell Souldier Thomas Gipson David Ellis Nathanael Peacock Saylers Iohn Prat George Acrig Iames Read Nicholas Hancock Iames Watkins Thomas Lambert foure Dutch-men and Richard Salvage were sent by land before to build the house for Powhatan against our Arrivall This company being victualled but for three or foure dayes lodged the first night at Warraskoyack where the President tooke sufficient provision This kind King did his best to divert him from seeing Powhatan but perceiuing he could not prevaile he advised in this manner Captaine Smith you shall find Powhatan to vse you kindly but trust him not and be sure he haue no oportunitie to seize on your Armes for he hath sent for you onely to cut your throats The Captaine thanking him for his good counsell yet the better to try his loue desired guides to Chawwonock for he would send a present to that King to bind him his friend To performe this iourney was sent Mr Sicklemore a very valiant honest and a painefull Souldier with him two guides and directions how to seeke for the lost company of Sir Walter Raleighs and silke Grasse Then we departed thence the President assuring the King perpetuall loue and left with him Samuâ—l Collier his Page to learne the Language So this Kings deeds by sacred Oath adiur'd More wary proues and circumspect by ods Fearing at least his double forfeiture To offend his friends and sin against his Gods The next night being lodged at Kecoughtan six or seaven dayes the extreame winde rayne frost and snow caused vs to keepe Christmas among the Salvages where we were never more merry nor fed on more plentie of good Oysters Fish Flesh Wild-soule and good bread nor never had better fires in England then in the dry smoaky houses of Kecoughtan but departing thence when we found no houses we were not curious in any weather to lye three or foure nights together vnder the trees by a fire as formerly is sayd An hundred fortie eight foules the President Anthony Bagnall and Serieant Pising did kill at three shoots At Kiskiack the frost contrary winds forced vs three or foure dayes also to suppresse the insolency of those proud Salvages to quarter in their houses yet guard our Barge and cause them giue vs what we wanted though we were but twelue and himselfe yet we never wanted shelter where we found any houses The 12 of Ianuary we arrived at Werowocomoco where the river was frozen neare halfe a myle from the shore but to neglect no time the President with his Barge so
all his Souldiers with a tripple power and twice tripple better meanes by what they haue done in his absence the world may see what they would haue done in his presence had he not prevented their indiscretions it doth iustly proue what cause he had to send them for England and that he was neither factious mutinous nor dishonest But they haue made it more plaine since his returne for England having his absolute authoritie freely in their power with all the advantages and opportunitie that his labours had effected As I am sorry their actions haue made it so manifest so I am vnwilling to say what reason doth compell me but onely to make apparant the truth least I should seeme partiall reasonlesse and malicious CHAPTER XII The Arrivall of the third Supply TO redresse those jarres and ill proceedings the Treasurer Councell and Company of Virginia not finding that returne and profit they expected and them ingaged there not having meanes to subsist of themselues made meanes to his Maiestie to call in their Commission and take a new in their owne names as in their owne publication 1610. you may â—eade at large Having thus annihilated the old by vertue of a Commission made to the right Honourable Sir Thomas West Lord de la Warre to be Generall of Virginia Sir Thomas Gates his Lieutenant Sir George Somers Admirall Sir Thomas Dale high Marshall Sir Fardinando Wainman Generall of the Horse and so all other offices to many other worthy Gentlemen for their liues though not any of them had ever beene in Virginia except Captaine Newport who was also by Patent made vice-Admirall those noble Gentlemen drew in such great summes of money that they sent Sir Thomas Gates Sir George Somers and Captaine Newport with nine shippes and fiue hundred people who had each of them a Commission who first arrived to call in the old without the knowledge or consent of them that had endured all those former dangers to beat the path not any regard had at all of them All things being ready because those three Captaines could not agree for place it was concluded they should goe all in one ship so all their three Commissions were in that Ship with them called the Sea-Venture They set sayle from England in May 1609. A small Catch perished at Sea in a Hericano the Admirall with an hundred and fiftie men with the two Knights and their new Commission their Bils of Loading with all manner of directions and the most part of their provision arrived not With the other seaven Ships as Captaines arrived Ratliffe whose right name as is sayd was Sicklemore Martin and Archer with Captaine Wood Captaine Webbe Captaine Moone Captaine King Captaine Davis and divers Gentlemen of good meanes and great parentage But the first as they had beene troublesome at Sea began againe to marre all ashore for though as is said they were formerly sent for England yet now returning againe graced by the titles of Captaines of the passengers seeing the Admirall wanting and great probabilitie of her losse strengthened themselues with those new companies so exclaiming against Captaine Smith that they mortally hated him ere ever they saw him Who vnderstanding by his Scouts the arrivall of such a Fleet little dreaming of any such supply supposed them Spanyards But he quickly so determined and ordered our affaires as we little feared their Arrivall nor the successe of our incounter nor were the Salvages any way negligent for the most part to ayd and assist vs with their best power Had it so beene we had beene happy for we would not haue trusted them but as our foes where receiuing them as our Countreymen and friends they did what they could to murther our President to surprise the Store the Fort and our Iudgings to vsurpe the government and make vs all their servants and slaues till they could consume vs and our remembrance and rather indeed to supplant vs then supply vs as master William Box an honest Gentleman in this voyage thus relateth In the tayle of a Hericano wee were separated from the Admirall which although it was but the remainder of that Storme there is seldome any such in England or those Northerne parts of Europe Some lost their Masts some their Sayles blowne from their Yards the Seas so over-raking our Ships much of our prouision was spoyled our Fleet separated and our men sicke and many dyed and in this miserable estate we arrived in Virginia But in this Storme When ratling Thunder ran along the Clouds Did not the Saylers poore and Masters proud A terror feele as strucke with feare of God Did not their trembling ioynts then dread his rod Least for foule deeds and black mouth'd blasphemies The rufull time be come that vengeance cryes To a thousand mischiefes those lewd Captaines led this lewd company wherein were many vnruly Gallants packed thither by their friends to escape ill destinies and those would dispose and determine of the government sometimes to one the next day to another to day the old Commission must rule to morrow the new the next day neither in fine they would rule all or ruine all yet in charitie we must endure them thus to destroy vs or by correcting their follies haue brought the worlds censure vpon vs to be guiltie of their blouds Happie had we beene had they never arrived and we for ever abandoned and as we were left to our fortunes for on earth for the number was never more confusion or misery then their factions occasioned The President seeing the desire those Braues had to rule seeing how his authoritie was so vnexpectedly changed would willingly haue left all and haue returned for England But seeing there was small hope this new Commission would arriue longer he would not suffer those factious spirits to proceede It would be too tedious too strange and almost incredible should I particularly relate the infinite dangers plots and practices he daily escaped amongst this factious crew the chiefe whereof he quickly layd by the heeles till his leasure better served to doe them iustice and to take away all occasions of further mischiefe Master Percie had his request granted to returne for England being very sicke and Mr West with an hundred and twentie of the best he could chuse he sent to the Fâ—lles Martin with neare as many to Nandsamund with their due proportions of all provisions according to thir numbers Now the Presidents yeare being neare expired he made Captaine Martin President to follow the order for the election of a President every yeare but he knowing his owne insufficiency and the companies vntowardnesse and little regard of him within three houres after resigned it againe to Captaine Smith and at Nandsamund thus proceeded the people being contributers vsed him kindly yet such was his iealous feare in the midst of their mirth he did surprise this poore naked King with his Monuments houses and the Isle he inhabited and there
Padget 5. Pembrok 6. Cauendish 7. Smith 8. Hambleton St Catherins forte F Pembroks forte K Kings Castell M Southampton forte L Devonshire Redute O A Scale of 8 Miles 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 St George Towne D Warwicks forte E The 3 Bridges A.B.C. P Riches Mount State house The Letters A.B.C. shew the sittuation of the 3 bridges P the Mount D.E.F.G.H.I.K.L.M.N.O. the forts how and by whom they wer made the history will shew you The discription of the land by Mr Norwood All contracted into this order by Captaine Iohn Smith Smiths forte I Pagets forte H Penistons Redoute G Charles forte N Printed by Iames Reeve THE FOVRTH BOOKE TO MAKE PLAINE THE TRVE PROCEEdings of the Historie for 1609. we must follow the examinations of Doctor Simons and two learned Orations published by the Companie with the relation of the Right Honourable the Lord De la Ware What happened in the first gouernment after the alteration in the time of Captaine George Piercie their Gouernour THE day before Captaine Smith returned for England with the ships Captaine Dauis arriued in a small Pinace with some sixteene proper men more To these were added a company from Iames towne vnder the command of Captaine Iohn Sickelmore alias Ratliffe to inhabit Point Comfort Captaine Martin and Captaine West hauing lost their boats and neere halfe their men among the Saluages were returned to Iames towne for the Saluages no sooner vnderstood Smith was gone but they all reuolted and did spoile and murther all they incountered Now wee were all constrained to liue onely on that Smith had onely for his owne Companie for the rest had consumed their proportions and now they had twentie Presidents with all their appurtenances Master Piercie our new President was so sicke hee could neither goe nor stand But ere all was consumed Captaine West and Captaine Sickelmore each with a small ship and thirtie or fortie men well appointed sought abroad to trade Sickelmore vpon the confidence of Powhatan with about thirtie others as carelesse as himselfe were all slaine onely Ieffrey Shortridge escaped and Pokahontas the Kings daughter saued a boy called Henry Spilman that liued many yeeres after by her meanes amongst the Patawomekes Powhatan still as he found meanes cut off their Boats denied them trade so that Captaine West set saile for England Now we all found the losse of Captaine Smith yea his greatest maligners could now curse his losse as for corne prouision and contribution from the Saluages we had nothing but mortall wounds with clubs and arrowes as for our Hogs Hens Goats Sheepe Horse or what liued our commanders officers Saluages daily consumed them some small proportions sometimes we tasted till all was deuoured then swords armes pieces or any thing wee traded with the Saluages whose cruell fingers were so oft imbrewed in our blouds that what by their crueltie our Gouernours indiscretion and the losse of our ships of fiue hundred within six moneths after Captaine Smiths departure there remained not past sixtie men women and children most miserable and poore creatures and those were preserued for the most part by roots herbes acornes walnuts berries now and then a little fish they that had startch in these extremities made no small vse of it yea euen the very skinnes of our horses Nay so great was our famine that a Saluage we slew and buried the poorer sort tooke him vp againe and eat him and so did diuers one another boyled and stewed with roots and herbs And one amongst the rest did kill his wife powdered her and had eaten part of her before it was knowne for which hee was executed as hee well deserued now whether shee was better roasted boyled or carbonado'd I know not but of such a dish as powdered wise I neuer heard of This was that time which still to this day we called the staruing time it were too vile to say and scarce to be beleeued what we endured but the occasion was our owne for want of prouidence industrie and gouernment and not the barrennesse and defect of the Countrie as is generally supposed for till then in three yeeres for the numbers were landed vs we had neuer from England prouision sufficient for six moneths though it seemed by the bils of loading sufficient was sent vs such a glutton is the Sea and such good fellowes the Mariners we as little tasted of the great proportion sent vs as they of our want and miseries yet notwithstanding they euer ouer-swayed and ruled the businesse though we endured all that is said and chiefly liued on what this good Countrie naturally afforded yet had wee beene euen in Paradice it selfe with these Gouernours it would not haue beene much better with vs yet there was amongst vs who had they had the gouernment as Captaine Smith appointed but that they could not maintaine it would surely haue kept vs from those extremities of miseries This in ten daies more would haue supplanted vs all with death But God that would not this Countrie should be vnplanted sent Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Sommers with one hundred and fiftie people most happily preserued by the Bermudas to preserue vs strange it is to say how miraculously they were preserued in a leaking ship as at large you may reade in the insuing Historie of those Ilands The gouernment resigned to Sir Thomas Gates 1610. WHen these two Noble Knights did see our miseries being but strangers in that Countrie and could vnderstand no more of the cause but by coniecture of our clamours and complaints of accusing and excusing one another They embarked vs with themselues with the best meanes they could and abandoning Iames towne set saile for England whereby you may see the euent of the gouernment of the former Commanders left to themselues although they had liued there many yeeres as formerly hath beene spoken who hindred now their proceedings Captaine Smith being gone At noone they fell to the I le of Hogs and the next morning to Mulbery point at what time they descried the Long-boat of the Lord la Ware for God would not haue it so abandoned For this honourable Lord then Gouernour of the Countrie met them with three ships exceedingly well furnished with all necessaries fitting who againe returned them to the abandoned Iames towne Out of the obseruations of William Simmons Doctor of Diuinitie The gouernment deuolued to the Lord la Ware HIs Lordship arriued the ninth of Iune 1610. accompanied with Sir Ferdinando Warnman Captaine Houlâ—roft Captaine Lawson and diuers other Gentlemen of sort the tenth he came vp with his fleet went on shore heard a Sermon read his Commission and entred into consultation for the good of the Colonie in which secret counsell we will a little leaue them that we may duly obserue the reuealed counsell of God Hee that shall but turne vp his eie and behold the spangled canopie of heauen or shall but cast downe his eie and consider the embroydered
possibilitie But his Lordship being at the fales the Saluages assaulted his troopes and slew three or foure of his men Not long after his Honour growing very sicke he returned for England the 28. of March in the ship were about fiue and fiftie men but ere we arriued at Fyall fortie of vs were neare sicke to death of the Scuruie Callenture and other diseases the Gouernour being an English-man kindly vsed vs but small reliefe we could get but Oranges of which we had plenty whereby within eight daies wee recouered and all were well and strong by that they came into England Written by William Box. The Counsell of Virginia finding the smalnesse of that returne which they hoped should haue defrayed the charge of a new supply entred into a deep consultation whether it were fit to enter into a new Contribution or in time to send for them home and giue ouer the action and therefore they adiured Sir Thomas Gates to deale plainly with them who with a solemne and a sacred oath replyed That all things before reported were true and that all men know that wee stand at the deuotion of politicke Princes and States who for their proper vtilitie deuise all courses to grind our Merchants and by all pretences to confiscate their goods and to draw from vs all manner of gaine by their inquisitiue inuentions when in Virginia a few yeeres labour by planting and husbandry will furnish all our deâ—â—cts with honour and securitie Out of a Declaration published by the Counsell 1610. The gouernment left againe to Captaine George Piercie and the returne of the Lord la Ware with his Relation to the Councell MY Lords now by accident returned from my charge at Virginia contrary either to my owne desire or other mens expectations who spare not to censure me in point of dutie and to discourse and question the reason though they apprehend not the true cause of my returne I am forced out of a willingnesse to satisfie euery man to deliuer vnto your Lordships and the rest of this assemblie in what state I haue liued euer since my arriuall to the Colonie what hath beene the iust cause of my sudden departure and on what tearmes I haue left the same the rather because I perceiue that since my comming into England such a coldnesse and irresolution is bred in many of the Aduenturers that some of them seeke to withdraw their payments by which the action must be supported making this my returne colour of their needlesse backwardnesse and vniust protraction which that you may the better vnderstand I was welcomed to Iames towne by a violent ague being cured of it within threâ— weekes after I began to be distempered with other grieuous sicknesses which successiuely and seuerally assailed me for besides a relapse into the former disease which with much more violence held me more than a moneth and brought me to greater weaknesse the flux surprised mee and kept me many daies then the crampe assaulted my weake body with strong paines and after the gout all those drew me to that weaknesse being vnable to stirre brought vpon me the scuruie which though in others it be a sicknesse of slothfulnesse yet was it in mean effect of weaknesse which neuer left me till I was ready to leaue the world In these extremities I resolued to consult with my friends who finding nature spent in me and my body almost consumed my paines likewise daily increasing gaue me aduice to preferre a hopefull recouerie before an assured ruine which must necessarily haue ensued had I liued but twentie daies longer in Virginia wanting at that instant both food and Physicke fit to remedie such extraordinary diseases wherefore I shipped my selfe with Doctor Bohun and Captaine Argall for Meuis in the West Indies but being crossed with Southerly winds I was forced to shape my course for the Westerne Iles where I found helpe for my health and my sicknesse asswaged by the meanes of fresh dyet especially Oranges and Limons and vndoubted remedie for that disease then I intended to haue returned backe againe to Virginia but I was aduised not to hazard my selfe before I had perfectly recouered my strength so I came for England in which accident I doubt not but men of iudgement will imagine there would more preiudice haue happened by my death there than I hope can doe by my returne For the Colony I left it to the charge of Captaine George Piercie a Gentleman of honour and resolution vntill the comming of Sir Thomas Dale whose Commission was likewise to bee determined vpon the arriuall of Sir Thomas Gates according to the order your Lordships appointed the number I left were about two hundred the most in health and prouided of at least ten moneths victuall and the Countrie people tractable and friendly What other defects they had I found by Sir Thomas Gates at the Cowes his Fleet was sufficiently furnished with supplies but when it shall please God that Sir Thomas Dale and Sir Thomas Gates shall arriue in Virginia with the extraordinarie supply of 100. Kine and 200. Swine besides store of other prouision for the maintenance of the Colonie there will appeare that successe in the action as shall giue no man cause of distrust that hath already aduentured but incourage euery good minde to further so good a worke as will redound both to the glory of God to the credit of our nation and the comfort of all those that haue beene instruments in the furthering of it Out of the Lord la Wares discourse published by Authoritie 1611. The gouernment surrendred to Sir Thomas Dale who arriued in Virginia the tenth of May 1611. out of Master Hamors Booke BEfore the Lord la Ware arriued in England the Councell and Companie had dispatched away Sir Thomas Dale with three ships men and cattell and all other prouisions necessarie for a yeere all which arriued well the tenth of May 1611. where he found them growing againe to their former estate of penurie being so improuident as not to put Corne in the ground for their bread but trusted to the store then furnished but with three moneths prouision his first care therefore was to imploy all hands about setting of Corne at the two Forts at Kecoughtan Henry and Charles whereby the season then not fully past though about the end of May wee had an indifferent crop of good Corne. This businesse taken order for and the care and trust of it committed to his vnder-Officers to Iames towne he hastened where most of the companie were â—t their daily and vsuall works bowling in the streets these hee imployed about necessarie workes as felling of Timber repayring their houses ready to fall on their heads and prouiding pales posts and railes to impale his purposed new towne which by reason of his ignorance being but newly arriued hee had not resolued where to seat therefore to better his knowledge with one hundred men he spent some time in viewing the
ought to perseuere if otherwise yet their honour ingageth them to be constanâ— howsoeuer they stand affected here is enough to content them These are the things haue animated me to stay a little season from them I am bound in conscience to returne vnto leauing all contenting pleasures and mundall delights to reside here with much turmoile which I will rather doe than see Gods glory diminished my King and Countâ—y dishonoured and these poore soules I haue in charge reuiued which would quickly happen if I should leaue them so few I haue with me fit to command or manage the businesse Master Whitaker their Preacher complaineth and much museth that so few of our English Ministers that were so hot against the surplice and subscription come hether where neither is spoken of Doe they not wilfully hide their talents or keepe themselues at home for feare of losing a few pleasures be there not any among them of Moses his minde and of the Apostles that forsooke all to follow Christ but I refer them to the Iudge of all hearts and to the King that shall reward euery one according to his talent From Virginia Iune 18. 1614. The businesse being brought to this perfection Captaine Argaâ—l returned for England in the latter end of Iune 1614. ariuing in England and bringing this good tidings to the Councell and company by the assistances of Sir Thomas Gates thâ—t also had returned from Virginia but the March before it was presently concluded that to supply this good successe with all expedition the standing Lottery should be drawne with all diligent conueniency and that posterity may remember vpon occasion to vse the like according to the declaration I thinke it not amisse to remember thus much The Contents of the declaration of the Lottery published by the Counsell IT is apparent to the world by how many former Proclamations we manifested our intents to haue drawn out the great standing Lottery long before this which not falling out as we desired and others expected whose monies are aduentured therâ—in we thought good therefore for the auoiding all vniust and sinister constructions to resolue the doubts of all indifferent minded in three speciall points for their better satisfaction But ere I goe any farther let vs remember there was a running Lottery vsed a long time in Saint Pauls Church-yard where this stood that brought into the Treasury good summes of mony dayly though the Lot was but small Now for the points the first is for as much as the Aduenturers came in so slackly for the yeere past without preiudice to the generality in losing the blankes and prises we were forced to petition to the honourable Lords who out of their noble care to further this Plantation haue recommended their Letters to the Countries Cities and good townes in England which we hope by sending in their voluntary Aduenturers will sufficiently supply vs. The second for satisfaction to all honest well affected minds is that though this expectation answer not our hopes yet wee haue not failed in our Christian care the good of that Colony to whom we haue lately sent two sundry supplies and were they but now supplied with more hands wee should soone resolue the diuision of the Country by Lot and so lessen the generall charge The third is our constant resolution that seeing our credits are so farre ingaged to the honourable Lords and the whole State for the drawing this great Lottery which we intend shall be without delay the 26. of Iune next desiring all such as haue vndertaken with bookes to solicit their friends that they will not with-hold their monies till the last moneth be expired lest we be vnwillingly forced to proportion a lesse value and number of our Blankes and Prises which hereafter followeth Welcomes TO him that first shall be drawne out with a blanke 100 Crownes To the second 50 Crownes To the third 25 Crownes To him that euery day during the drawing of this Lottery shall bee first drawne out with a blanke 10 Crownes Prizes 1 Great Prize of 4500 Crownes 2 Great Prizes each of 2000 Crownes 4 Great Prizes each of 1000 Crownes 6 Great Prizes each of 500 Crownes 10 Prizes each of 300 Crownes 20 Prizes each of 200 Crownes 100 Prizes each of 100 Crownes 200 Prizes each of 50 Crownes 400 Prizes each of 20 Crownes 1000 Prizes each of 10 Crownes 1000 Prizes each of 8 Crownes 1000 Prizes each of 6 Crownes 4000 Prizes each of 4 Crownes 1000 Prizes each of 3 Crownes 1000 Prizes each of 2 Crownes Rewards TO him that shall be last drawne out with a blanke 25 Crownes To him that putteth in the greatest Lot vnder one name 400 Crownes To him that putteth in the second greatest number 300 Crownes To him that putteth in the third greatest number 200 Crownes To him that putteth in the fourth greatest number 100 Crownes If diuers be of equall number their rewards are to be diuided proportionally Addition of new Rewards THe blanke that shall bee drawne out next before the great Prize shall haue 25 Crownes The blanke that shall be drawne out next after the said great Prize 25 Crownes The blancks that shall be drawne out immediatly before the two next great Prizes shall haue each of them 20 Crownes The seuerall blankes next after them each shall haue 20 Crownes The seuerall blankes next before the foure great Prizes each shall haue 15 Crownes The seuerall blankes next after them each shall haue 15 Crownes The seuerall blankes next before the six great Prizes each shall haue 10 Crownes The seuerall blankes next after them each shall haue 10 Crownes The prizes welcomes and rewards shall be payed in ready Mony Plate or other goods reasonably rated if any dislike of the plate or goods he shall haue mony abating only the tenth part except in small prizes of ten Crownes or vnder The mony for the Aduenturers is to be paied to Sir Thomas Smith Knight and Treasurer for Virginia or such Officâ—rs as he shall appoint in City or Country vnder the common seale of the company for the receâ—t thereof All prizes welcomes and rewards drawne where euer they dwell shall of the Treasurer haue present pay and whosoeuer vnder one name or poâ—sie payeth three pound in ready money shall receiue six shillings and eight pence or a siluer spoone of that value at his choice About this time it chanced a Spanish ship beat too and againe before point Comfort and at last sent a shore their boat as desirous of a Pilot. Captaine Iames Dauis the gouernor immediatly gaue them one but he was no sooner in the boat but away they went with him leauing three of their companions behind them this sudden accident occasioned some distrust and a strict examination of those three thus left yet with as good vsage as our estate could afford them They only confessed hauing lost their Admirall accident had forced them into those parts and two of them were Captaines and in chiâ—fe authority
of them being more willing to be at Iames towne with the newes than the other was ouerset and eleuen men cast away with the Boat Corne and all their prouision notwithstanding this put all the rest of the Saluages in that feare especially in regard of the great league we had with Opechankanough that we followed our labours quietly and in such securitie that diuers saluages of other Nations daily frequented vs with what prouisions they could get and would guide our men on hunting and oft hunt for vs themselues Captaine Yearly had a Saluage or two so well trained vp to their peeces they were as expert as any of the English and one hee kept purposely to kill him fowle There were diuers others had Saluages in like manner for their men Thus we liued together as if wee had beene one people all the time Captaine Yearley staied with vs but such grudges and discontents daily increased among our selues that vpon the arriuall of Captaine Argall sent by the Councell and Companie to bee our Gouernour Captaine Yearley returned for England in the yeere 1617. From the writings of Captaine Nathaniel Powell William Cantrill Sergeant Boothe Edward Gurganey During this time the Lady Rebecca alias Pocahontas daughter to Powhatan by the diligent care of Master Iohn Rolfe her husband and his friends was taught to speake such English as might well bee vnderstood well instructed in Christianitie and was become very formall and ciuill after our English manner shee had also by him a childe which she loued most dearely and the Treasurer and Company tooke order both for the maintenance of her and it besides there were diuers persons of great ranke and qualitie had beene very kinde to her and before she arriued at London Captaine Smith to deserue her former courtesies made her qualities knowne to the Queenes most excellent Maiestie and her Court and writ a little booke to this effect to the Queene An abstract whereof followeth To the most high and vertuous Princesse Queene Anne of Great Brittanie Most admired Queene THe loue I beare my God my King and Countrie hath so oft emboldened mee in the worst of extreme dangers that now honestie doth constraine mee presume thus farre beyond my selfe to present your Maiestie this short discourse if ingratitude be a deadly poyson to all honest vertues I must bee guiltie of that crime if I should omit any meanes to bee thankfull So it is That some ten yeeres agoe being in Virginia and taken prisoner by the power of Powhatan their chiefe King I receiued from this great Saluage exceeding great courtesie especially from his sonne Nantaquaus the most manliest comeliest boldest spirit I euer saw in a Saluage and his sister Pocahontas the Kings most deare and wel-beloued daughter being but a childe of twelue or thirteene yeeres of age whose compassionate pitifull heart of my desperate estate gaue me much cause to respect her I being the first Christian this proud King and his grim attendants euer saw and thus inthralled in their barbarous power I cannot say I felt the least occasion of want that was in the power of those my mortall foes to preuent notwithstanding al their threats After some six weeks fatting amongst those Saluage Courtiers at the minute of my execution she hazarded the beating out of her owne braines to saue mine and not onely that but so preuailed with her father that I was safely conducted to Iames towne where I found about eight and thirtie miserable poore and sicke creatures to keepe possession of all those large territories of â—irginia such was the weaknesse of this poore Common-wealth as had the Saluages not fed vs we directly had starued And this reliefe most gracious Queene was commonly brought vs by this Lady Pocahontas notwithstanding all these passages when inconstant Fortune turned our peace to warre this tender Virgin would still not spare to dare to visit vs and by her our iarres haue beene oft appeased and our wants still supplyed were it the policie of her father thus to imploy her or the ordinance of God thus to make her his instrument or her extraordinarie affection to our Nation I know not but of this I am sure when her father with the vtmost of his policie and power sought to surprize mee hauing but eighteene with mee the darke night could not affright her from comming through the irkesome woods and with watered eies gaue me intelligence with her best aduice to escape his furie which had hee knowne hee had surely slaine her Iames towne with her wild traine she as freely frequented as her fathers habitation and during the time of two or three yeeres she next vnder God was still the instrument to preserue this Colonie from death famine and vtter confusion which if in those times had once beâ—ne dissolued Virginia might haue line as it was at our first arriuall to this day Since then this businesse hauing beene turned and varied by many accidents from that I left it at it is most certaine after a long and troublesome warre after my departure betwixt her father and our Colonie all which time shee was not heard of about two yeeres after shee her selfe was taken prisoner being so detained neere two yeeres longer the Colonie by that meanes was relieâ—ed peace concluded and at last reiecting her barbarous condition was maâ—ied to an Eâ—glâ—sâ— Geâ—â—leman with whom at this present she iâ— in England â—he first Christiâ—n â—uer of â—hat Nation the first Virgiâ—iâ—n euer spâ—ke Enâ—lâ—â—â—â—r â—r 〈…〉 mariage by an Eâ—glâ—shman a matter surely if my meaning bee truly â—â—â—â—â—dered and well vnderstood worthy a Princes vnderstanding Thus most gracious Lady I haue related to your Maâ—estie what at your best leasure our approued Hâ—stories will account you at large and done in the time of your Maiesties life and howeuer this might bee presented you from a more worthy pen iâ— cannot from a more honest heart as yet I neuer begged any thing of the state or any and it is my want of abilitie and her exceeding desert your birth meanes and authorâ—tie hir birth vertue want and simplicitie doth make mee thus bold humbly to beseech your Mâ—iestie to take this knowledge of her though it be from one so vnworthy to be the reporter as my selfe her husbands estate not being able to make her fit to attend your Maiestie the most and least I can doe is to tell you this because none so oft hath tried it as my selfe and the rather being of so great a spirit how euer her stature if she should not be well receiued seeing this Kingdome may rightly haue a Kingdome by her meanes her present loue to vs and Christianitie might turne to such scorne and furie as to diuert all this good to the worst of euill where finding so great a Queene should doe her some honour more than she can imagine for being so kinde to your seruants and subiects would so rauish her with content as endeare her dearest
fit for such a personage with so braue and great attendance for some small number of aduentrous Gentlemen to make discoueries and lie in Garrison ready vpon any occasion to keepe in feare the inconstant Saluages nothing were more requisite but to haue more to wait play than worke or more commanders and officers than industrious labourers was not so necessarie for in Virginia a plaine Souldier that can vse a Pick-axe and spade is better than fiue Knights although they were Knights that could breake a Lance for men of great place not inured to those incounters when they finde things not sutable grow many times so discontented they forget themselues oft become so carelesse that a discontented melancholy brings them to much sorrow and to others much miserie At last they stood in for the coast of New-England where they met a small Frenchman rich of Beuers and other Furres Though wee had here but small knowledge of the coast nor countrie yet they tooke such an abundance of Fish and Fowle and so well refreshed themselues there with wood and water as by the helpe of God thereby hauing beene at Sea sixteene weekes got to Virginia who without this reliefe had beene in great danger to perish The French-men made them such a feast with such an abundance of varietie of Fish Fowle and Fruits as they all admired and little expected that wild wildernesse could affoord such wonderfull abundance of plentie In this ship came about two hundred men but very little prouision and the ship called the Treasurer came in againe not long after with fortie passengers the Lord la Wares ship lying in Virginia three moneths wee victualled her with threescore bushels of Corne and eight Hogsheads of flesh besides other victuall she spent whilest they tarried there this ship brought vs aduice that great multitudes were a preparing in England to bee sent and relied much vpon that victuall they should finde here whereupon our Captaine called a Councell and writ to the Councell here in England the estate of the Colonie and what a great miserie would insue if they sent not prouision as well as people and what they did suffer for want of skilfull husbandmen and meanes to set their Ploughs on worke hauing as good ground as any man can desire and about fortie Bulls and Oxen but they wanted men to bring them to labour and Irons for the Ploughs and harnesse for the Cattell Some thirtie or fortie acres wee had sowne with one Plough but it stood so long on the ground before it was reaped it was most shaken and the rest spoiled with the Cattell and Rats in the Barne but no better Corne could bee for the quantitie Richard Killingbeck being with the Captaine at Kekoughtan desired leaue to returne to his wife at Charles hundred hee went to Iames towne by water there he got foure more to goe with him by land but it proued that he intended to goe trade with the Indies of Chickahamania where making shew of the great quantitie of trucke they had which the Saluages perceiuing partly for their trucke partly for reuenge of some friends they pretended should haue beene slaine by Captaine Yearley one of them with an English peece shot Killingbeck dead the other Saluages assaulted the rest and slew them stripped them and tooke what they had But fearing this murther would come to light and might cause them to suffer for it would now proceed to the perfection of villanie for presently they robbed their Machacomocko house of the towne stole all the Indian treasure thereout and fled into the woods as other Indians related On Sunday following one Farfax that dwelt a mile from the towne going to Church left his wife and three small children safe at home as he thought and a young youth she supposing praier to be done left the children and went to meet her husband presently after came three or foure of those fugitiue Saluages entred the house and slew a boy and three children and also another youth that stole out of the Church in praier time meeting them was likewise murdered Of this disaster the Captaine sent to Opechankanough for satisfaction but he excused the matter as altogether ignorant of it at the same time the Saluages that were robbed were complaining to Opechankanough and much feared the English would bee reuenged on them so that Opechankanough sent to Captaine Argall to assure him the peace should neuer be broken by him desiring that he would not reuenge the iniurie of those fugitiues vpon the innocent people of that towne which towne he should haue and sent him a basket of earth as possession giuen of it and promised so soone as possibly they could catch these robbers to send him their heads for satisfaction but he neuer performed it Samuel Argall Iohn Rolfe A relation from Master Iohn Rolfe Iune 15. 1618. COncerning the state of our new Common-wealth it is somewhat bettered for we haue sufficient to content our selues though not in such abundance as is vainly reported in England Powhatan died this last Aprill yet the Indians continue in peace Itopatin his second brother succeeds him and both hee and Opechankanough haue confirmed our former league On the eleuenth of May about ten of the clocke in the night happened a most fearefull tempest but it continued not past halfe an houre which powred downe hailestones eight or nine inches about that none durst goe out of their doores and though it tore the barke and leaues of the trees yet wee finde not they hurt either man or beast it fell onely about Iames towne for but a mile to the East and twentie to the West there was no haile at all Thus in peace euery man followed his building and planting without any accidents worthy of note Some priuate differences happened betwixt Captaine Bruster and Captaine Argall and Captaine Argall and the Companie here in England but of them I am not fully informed neither are they here for any vse and therefore vnfit to be remembred In December one Captaine Stallings an old planter in those parts being imployed by them of the West countrie for a fishing voyage in new-New-England fell foule of a Frenchman whom hee tooke leauing his owne ship to returne for England himselfe with a small companie remained in the French barke some small time after vpon the coast and thence returned to winter in Virginia The gouernment surrendred to Sir George Yearley FOr to begin with the yeere of our Lord 1619. there arriued a little Pinnace priuatly from England about Easter for Captaine Argall who taking order for his affaires within foure or fiue daies returned in her and left for his Deputy Captaine Nathaniel Powell On the eâ—ighteenth of Aprill which was but ten or twelue daies after arriued Sir George Yearley by whom we vnderstood Sir Edwin Sands was chosen Treasurer and Master Iohn Farrar his Deputy and what great supplies was a preparing to be sent vs
which did rauish vs so much with ioy and content we thought our selues now fully satisfied for our long toile and labours and as happy men as any in the world Notwithstanding such an accident hapned Captaine Stallings the next day his ship was cast away and he not long after slaine in a priuate quarrell Sir George Yearly to beginne his gouernment added to be of his councell Captaine Francis West Captaine Nathaniel Powell Master Iohn Pory Master Iohn Rolfe and Master William Wickam and Master Samuel Macocke and propounded to haue a generall assembly with all expedition Vpon the twelfth of this Moneth came in a Pinnace of Captaine Bargraues and on the seuenteenth Captaine Lownes and one Master Euans who intended to plant themselues at Waraskoyack but now Ophechankanough will not come at vs that causes vs suspect his former promises In May came in the Margaret of Bristoll with foure and thirty men all well and in health and also many deuout gifts and we were much troubled in examining some scandalous letters sent into England to disgrace this Country with barrennesse to discourage the aduenturers and so bring it and vs to ruine and confusion notwithstanding we finde by them of best experience an industrious man not other waies imploied may well tend foure akers of Corne and 1000. plants of Tobacco and where they say an aker will yeeld but three or foure barrels we haue ordinarily foure or fiue but of new ground six seuen and eight and a barrell of Pease and Beanes which we esteeme as good as two of Corne which is after thirty or forty bushels an aker so that one man may prouide Corne for fiue and apparell for two by the profit of his Tobacco they say also English Wheat will yeeld but sixteene bushels an aker and we haue reaped thirty besides to manure the Land no place hath more white and blew Marble than here had we but Carpenters to build and make Carts and Ploughs and skilfull men that know how to vse them and traine vp our cattell to draw them which though we indeuour to effect yet our want of experience brings but little to perfection but planting Tobaco and yet of that many are so couetous to haue much they make little good besides there are so many sofisticating Tobaco-mungers in England were it neuer so bad they would sell it for Verinas and the trash that remaineth should be Virginia such deuilish bad mindes we know some of our owne Country-men doe beare not onely to the businesse but also to our mother England her selfe could they or durst they as freely defame her The 25. of Iune came in the Triall with Corne and Cattell all in safety which tooke from vs cleerely all feare of famine then our gouernour and councell caused Burgesses to be chosen in all places and met at a generall Assembly where all matters were debated thought expedient for the good of the Colony and Captaine Ward was sent to Monahigan in new England to fish in May and returned the latter end of May but to small purpose for they wanted Salt the George also was sent to New-found-land with the Cape Merchant there she bought fish that defraied her charges and made a good voyage in seuen weekes About the last of August came in a dutch man of warre that sold vs twenty Negars and Iapazous King of Patawomeck came to Iames towne to desire two ships to come trade in his Riuer for a more plentifull yeere of Corne had not beene in a long time yet very contagious and by the trechery of one Poule in a manner turned heathen wee were very iealous the Saluages would surprize vs. The Gouernours haue bounded foure Corporations which is the Companies the Vniuersity the Gouernours and Gleabe land Ensigne Wil. Spencer Thomas Barret a Sergeant with some others of the ancient Planters being set free we are the first farmers that went forth and haue chosen places to their content so that now knowing their owne land they striue who should exceed in building and planting The fourth of Nouember the Bona noua came in with all her people lusty and well not long after one Master Dirmer sent out by some of Plimoth for New-England arriued in a Barke of fiue tunnes and returned the next Spring notwithstanding the â—il rumours of the vnwholsomnesse of Iames towne the new commers that were planted at old Pâ—spaheghe little more then a mile from it had their healths better then any in the Country In December Captaine Ward returned from Patâ—womeck the people there dealt falsly with him so that hee tooke 800. bushels of Corne from them perforce Captaine Woddiffe of Bristol came in not long after with all his people lusty and in health and we had two particular â—ouernors sent vs vnder the titles of Deputies to the Company the one to haue chargâ— of the Colledge Land the other of the Companies Now you are to vnderstâ—nd that because there haue beene many complâ—ints against the Gâ—uernors Câ—pâ—aines and Officers in Virginia for buyâ—ng and selliâ—g â—en and bâ—â—es or to bâ—â— set ouer from one to another for a yeerely rent was â—eld in 〈◊〉 a â—â—â—ng most intolerable oâ— that â—he tenants or lawfull seruanâ—s shoâ—ld bâ— put â—â—om â—â—â—ir pâ—â—ces or abridged their Couenants â—as â—o â—diâ—us 〈◊〉 the â—ery 〈◊〉 â—hâ—reâ—â— bâ—â—ught a great scandall to the generall action Tâ—◠〈…〉 good and worâ—h◠〈…〉 and â—pâ—ointed a hundred men shoâ—◠〈…〉 prouided to serue and attend the Gouerâ—â—â—◠〈…〉 gouernmâ—nt which number he was to make good at his departure and 〈◊〉 to his Successor in like manner fifty to the Deputy-Gouernour of the College land and fifty to the Dâ—puty of the Companies land fifty to the Treasurer to the Secretary fiue and twenty and more to the Marshall and Câ—pe merchant which they are also to leaue to their successors and likewise to euery particular Officer such a compeâ—ency as he might liue well in his Office without oppressing any vnder their charge which good law I pray God it be well obserued and then we may truly say in Virginia we are the most happy people in the world By me Iohn Rolfe There went this yeere by the Companies records 11. ships and 1216. persons to be thus disposed on Tenants for the Gouernors land fourescore besides fifty sent the former spring for the Companies land a hundred and thirty for the College a hundred for the Glebe land fifty young women to make wiues ninety seruants for publike seruice fifty and fifty more whose labours were to bring vp thirty of the infidels children the rest were sent to priuate Plantations Two persons vnknowne haue giuen faire Plate and Ornaments for two Communion Tables the one at the College the other at the Church of Mistris Mary Robinson who towards the foundation gaue two hundred pound And another vnknowne person sent to the Treasurer fiue hundred and fifty pounds for the bringing vp of the saluage children
the most part at their departure was burnt ruined and destroyed by the Saluages Only Master Gookins at Nuports-newes would not obey the Commanders command in that though hee had scarce fiue and thirty of all sorts with him yet he thought himselfe sufficient against what could happen and so did to his great credit and the content of his Aduenturers Master Samuel Iorden gathered together but a few of the straglers about him at Beggers-bush where he fortified and liued in despight of the enemy Nay Mistrisse Proctor a proper ciuill modâ—st Gentlewoman did the like till perforce the English Officers forced her and all them with her to goe with them or they would fire her house themselues as the Saluages did when they were gone in whose despight they had kept it and what they had a moneth or three weekes after the Massacre which was to their hearts a griefe beyond comparison to lose all they had in that manner onely to secure others pleasures Now here in England it was thought all those remainders might presently haue beene reduced into fifties or hundreds in places most conuenient with what they had hauing such strong houses as they reported they had which with small labour might haue beene made inuincible Castles against all the Saluages in the Land and then presently raised a company as a running Armie to torment the Barbarous and secure the rest and so haue had all that Country betwixt the Riuers of Powhatan and Pamavuke to range and sustaine them especially all the territories of Kecoughtan Chiskact and Paspahege from Ozenies to that branch of Pamavuke comming from Youghtanund which strait of land is not past 4. or 5. miles to haue made a peninsula much bigger then the Summer Iles inuironed wiâ—h the broadest parts of those two maine Riuers which for plenty of such things as Virgnia affords is not to be exceeded and were it well manured more then sufficient for ten thousand men This were it well vnderstood cannot but be thought beâ—ter then â—o bring fiue or six hundred to lodge and liue on that which before would not well receiue and maintaine a hundred planting little or nothing but spend that they haue vpon hopes out of England one euill begetting another till the disease is past cure Therefore it is impossible but such courses must produce most fearefull miseries and extreme extremities if it proue otherwise I should be exceeding glad I confesse I am somewhat too bold to censure other mens actions being not present but they haue done as much of me yea many here in England that were neuer there also many there that knowes little more then their Plantations but as they are informed and this doth touch the glory of God the honour of my Country and the publike good so much for which there hath beene so many faire pretences that I hope none will be angry for speaking my opinion seeing the old Prouerbe doth allow losers leaue to speake and Du Bart as saith Euen as the wind the angry Ocean moues Waue hunteth Waue and Billow Billow shoues So doe all Nations iustell each the other And so one people doe pursue another And scarce a secâ—nd hath the first vnhoused Before a third him thence againe haue roused AMongst the multitude of these seuerall Relations it appeares Captaine Nuse seeing many of the difficulties to ensue caused as much Corne to be planted as he could at Elizabeths city though some destroyed that they had set fearing it would serue the Saluages for Ambuscadoes trusting to releefe by trade or from England which hath euer beene one cause of our miseries for from England wee haue not had much and for trading euery one hath not Ships Shalops Interpreters men and prouisions to performe it and those that haue vse them onely for their owne priuate gâ—ine not the publike good so that our beginning this yeere doth cause many to distrust the euent of the next Here wee will leaue Captaine Nuse for a while lamenting the death of Captaine Norton a valiant industrious Gentleman adorned with many good qualities besides Physicke and Chirurgery which for the publike good he freely imparted to all gratis but most bountifully to the poore and let vs speake a little of Captaine Croshaw amongst the midst of those broiles in the Riuer of Patawomâ—ke Being in a small Barke called the Elizabeth vnder the command of Captaine Spilman at Cekacawone a Saluage stole aboord them and told them of the Massacre and that Opechancanough had plotted with his King and Country to betray them also which they refused but them of Wighcocomoco at the mouth of the riuer had vndertaken it vpon this Spilman went thither but the Saluages seeing his men so vigilant and well armed they suspected themselues discouered and to colour their guilt the better to delude him so contented his desire in trade his Pinnace was neere fraught but seeing no more to be had Croshaw went to Patawomek where he intended to stay and trade for himselfe by reason of the long acquaintance he had with this King that so earnestly entreated him now to be his friend his countenancer his Captaine and director against the Pazaticans the Nacotchtanks and Moyaons his mortall enemies Of this oportunity Croshaw was glad as well to satisfie his owne desire in some other purpose he had as to keepe the King as an opposite to Opechancanough and adhere him vnto vs or at least make him an instrument against our enemies so onely Elis Hill stayed with him and the Pinnace returned to Elizabeths City here shall they rest also a little till we see how this newes was entertained in England It was no small griefe to the Councell and Company to vnderstand of such a supposed impossible losse as that so many should fall by the hands of men so contemptible and yet hauing such warnings especially by the death of Nemattanow whom the Saluages did thinke was shot-free as he had perswaded them hauing so long eâ—caped so many dangers without any hurt But now to leape out of this labyrinth of melancholy all this did not so discourage the noble aduenturers nor diuers others still to vndertake new seuerall Plantations but that diuers ships were dispatched away for their supplies and assistance thought sufficient Yet Captaine Smith did intreat and moue them to put in practise his old offer seeing now it was time to vse both it and him how slenderly heretofore both had beene regarded and because it is not impertinent to the businesse it is not much amisse to remember what it was The proiect and offer of Captaine Iohn Smith to the Right Honourable and Right Worshipfull Company Virginia IF you please I may be transported with a hundred Souldiers and thirty Sailers by the next Michaelmas with victuall munition and such necessary prouision by Gods assistance we would endeuour to inforce the Saluages to leaue their Country or bring them in that feare and subiection that euery man
Onawmanient each of which twelue men would keepe as well as twelue thousand and spare all the rest to bee imploied as there should be occasion And all this with these numbers might easily haue beene done if not by courtesie yet by compulsion especially at that time of September when all their fruits were ripe their beasts fat and infinite numbers of wilde Fowle began to repaire to euery creeke that men if they would doe any thing could not want victuall This done there remained yet one hundred who should haue done the like at Ozinicke vpon the Riuer of Chickahamania not past six miles from the chiefe habitations of Opechankanough These small Forts had beene cause sufficient to cause all the Inhabitants of each of those Riuers to looke to themselues Then hauing so many Ships Barks and Boats in Virginia as there was at that present with what facility might you haue landed two hundred and twentie men if you had but onely fiue or six Boats in one night forty to range the branch of Mattapanyent fortie more that of Youghtanund and fortie more to keepe their randiuous at Pamavuke it selfe All which places lie so neere they might heare from eâ—ch other within foure or fiue houres and not any of those small parties if there were any valour discretion or industry in them but as sufficient as foure thousand to force them all to contribution or take or spoile all they had For hauing thus so many conuenient randeuous to beleeue each other though all the whole Countries had beene our enemies where could they rest but in the depth of Winter we might burne all the houses vpon all those Riuers in two or three daies Then without fires they could not liue which they could not so hide but wee should finde and quickly so tire them with watching and warding they would be so weary of their liues as either fly all their Countries or giue all they had to be released of such an hourely misery Now if but a small number of the Saluages would assist vs as there is no question but diuers of them would And so suppose they could not be drawne to such faction were to beleeue they are more vertuous then many Christians and the best gouerned people in the world All the Pamavukes might haue beene dispatched as well in a moneth as a yeare and then to haue dealt with any other enemies at our pleasure and yet made all this toile and danger but a recreation If you think this strange or impossible 12 men with my selfe I found sufficient to goe where I would adaies and surprise a house with the people if not a whole towne in a night or incounter all the power they could make as a whole Army as formerly at large hath beene related And it seemes by these small parties last amongst them by Captaine Crashow Hamar and Madyson they are not growne to that excellency in policy and courage but they might bee encountred and their wiues and children apprehended I know I shall bee taxed for writing so much of my selfe but I care not much because the iudiciall know there are few such Souldiers as are my examples haue writ their owne actions nor know I who will or can tell my intents better then my selfe Some againe finde as much fault with the Company for medling with so many Plantations together because they that haue many Irons in the fire some must burne but I thinke no if they haue men enow know how to worke them but howsoeuer it were better some burne then haue none at all The King of Spaine regards but how many powerfull Kingdomes he keepes vnder his obedience and for the Saluage Countries he hath subiected they are more then enow for a good Cosmographer to nominate and is three Mole-hills so much to vs and so many Empires so little for him For my owne part I cannot chuse but grieue that the actions of an Englishman should be inferior to any and that the command of England should not be as great as any Monarchy that euer was since the world began I meane not as a Tyrant to torment all Christendome but to suppresse her disturbers and conquer her enemies For the great Romans got into their hand The whole worlds compasse both by Sea and Land Or any seas or heauen or earth extended And yet that Nation could not be contented Much about this time arriued a small Barke of Barnestable which had beene at the Summer Iles and in her Captaine Nathaniel Butler who hauing beene Gouernor there three yeares and his Commission expired he tooke the opportunity of this ship to see Virginia at Iames Towne he was kindly entertained by Sir Francis Wyat the Gouernor After he had rested there foureteene daies he fell vp with his ship to the Riuer of Chickahamania where meeting Captaine William Powell ioyning together such forces as they had to the number of eighty they set vpon the Chickahamanians that fearefully fled suffering the English to spoile all they had not daring to resist them Thus he returned to Iames towne where hee staied a moneth at Kecoughtan as much more and so returned for England But riding at Kecoughtan M. Iohn Argent sonne to Doctor Argent a young Gentleman that went with Captaine Butler from England to this place Michael Fuller William Gany Cornelius May and one other going ashore with some goods late in a faire euening such a sudden gust did arise that driue them thwart the Riuer in that place at least three or foure miles in bredth where the sâ—ore was so shallow at a low water and the Boat beating vpon the Sands they left her wading neere halfe a mile and oft vp to the chin So well it hapned Master Argent had put his Bandileir of powder in his hat which next God was all their preseruations for it being February and the ground so cold their bodies became so benumbed they were not able to strike fire with a steele and a stone hee had in his pocket the stone they lost twice and thus those poore soules groping in the darke it was Master Argents chance to finde it and with a few withered leaues reeds and brush make a small fire being vpon the Chisapeaks shore their mortall enemies great was their feare to be discouered The ioyfull morning appearing they found their Boat and goods driue ashore not farie from them but so split shee was vnseruiceable but so much was the frost their clothes did freeze vpon their backs for they durst not make any great fire to dry them lest thereby the bloudy Saluages might discry them so that one of them died the next day and the next night digging a graue in the Sands with their hands buried him In this bodily feare they liued and fasted two daies and nights then two of them went into the Land to seeke fresh water the others to the Boat to get some meale and oyle Argent and his Comrado found a Canow in which they resolued
deare and pretious to them that haue them I thinke none will deny but they are well worth the keeping and so we will proceed to the accidents that befell the first finders also the proceedings of the first Planters and their successors Master Norrod Thomas Sparkes and diuers others A briefe relation of the shipwracke of Henry May. HOw these Iles came by the name of Bermudas or the infinite number of blacke Hogs or so fearefull to the world that many called them the I le of Deuils that all men did shun as Hell and perdition I will not expostulate nor trouble your patiences with those vncertaine antiquities further then thus our men found diuers crosses peeces of Spanish monies here and there Two or three wracks also they found by certaine inscriptions to bee some Spanish some Dutch some French but the greatest rumour is that a Spanish ship called Bermudas was there cast away carrying Hogges to the West-Indies that swam a shore and there increased how the Spaniards escaped is vncertaine but they say from that ship those Iles were first called Bermudas which tilt then for six thousand yeares had beene namelesse But the first English-man that was euer in them was one Henry May a worthy Mariner that went with Captaine Lancaster to the East-Indies 1591. and in their returne by the West-Indies being in some distresse sent this Henry May for England by one Mounsier de la Barbotier to acquaint the Merchants with their estate The last of Nouember saith May we departed from Laguna in Hispaniola and the seuenteenth of December following we were cast away vpon the North-west of the Bermudas the Pilots about noone made themselues Southwards of the Iles twelue leagues and demanded of the Captaine their Wine of hight as out of all danger which they had but it seeme they were either drunke or carelesse of their charge for through their negligences a number of good men were cast away I being but a stranger amongst fiftie and odde French-men it pleased God to appoint me to be one of them should be saued In this extremity we made a raft which we towed with our Boat there were but six and twentie of vs saued and I seeing scarce roome for the one halfe durst not passe in amongst them till the Captaine called me along with him leauing the better halfe to the seas mercy that day we rowed till within two houres of night ere we could land being neere dead with thirst euery man tooke his way to seeke fresh water at length by searching amongst many weeds we found some raine water but in the maine are many faire Baies where we had enough for digging Now it pleased God before our ship split we saued our Carpenters tooles some Nailes Sailes and Tacklings wherewith we went roundly to worke and built a Barke of eighty tunues In stead of Pitch we made Lime mixed with Tortoise oyle and as the Carpenters calked her I and another paied the seames with this plaster which being in Aprill became quickly dry and as hard as a stone In Aprill it was so hot we feared our water would faile two great Chests wee made which we calked as our ship those we stowed on each side our maine Mast filled them with water and thirtie liue Tortoises wee found many Hogges but so leane wee could not eat them the tops of the Palmetaberries was our bread and the iuyce we got out of the trees we cut downe our drinke and of the leaues which are more then an Ell long we couered our Cabens made our beds and found many of those prouisions as is related but little foule weather The eleuenth of May it pleased God to set vs cleere of the I le after wee had liued there fiue moneths and the twentieth wee fell with Cape Britton neere New found Land where refreshing our selues with wood and water and such things as we could get of the Saluages it seemed a good Countrey but we staied not past foure houres before we set saile for the banke of New found land where wee met many ships but not any would take in a man of vs vntill it pleased God we met a Barke of Fawmothe which receiued vs for a little time and with her we tooke a French ship wherein I left Captaine de la Barbotier my deare friend and all his Company and in August arriued at Falmouth in this honest English Barke 1594. Written by me Henry May. The first English ship knowne to haue beene cast away vpon the Bermudas 1609. From the relation of Mr. Iordan Master Iohn Euens Master Henry Shelly and diuers others YOu haue heard that when Captaine Smith was Gouernor of Virginia there were nine ships sent with Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Somers and Captaine Nuport with fiue hundred people to take in the old Commission and rectifie a new gouernment they set saile in May and in the height of thirty degrees of Northerly latitude they were taken with an extreme storme or rather a part of Hericano vpon the fiue and twentieth of Iuly which as they write did not onely separate them from the Fleet but with the violent working of the Seas their ship became so shaken torne and leake she receiued so much water as couered two tire of Hogsheads aboue the ballace that they stood vp to the middles with Buckets Baricos and Kettles to baile out the water Thus bailing and pumping three daies and three nights without intermission and yet the water seemed rather to increase then diminish in so much that being all vtterly spent with labour were euen resolued without any hope to shut vp the hatches and commit themselues to the mercy of the Sea which is said to be mercilesse or rather to the mercy of Almighty God whose mercy farre exceeds all his workes seeing no sense or hope in mans apprehension but presently to sinke some hauing some good and comfortable waters fetched them and dranke one to another as taking their last leaues vntill a more happy and a more ioyfull meeting in a more blessed world when it pleased God out of his most gracious and mercifull prouidence so to direct and guide their ship for her most aduantage That Sir George Somers all this time sitting vpon the poupe scarce taking leisure to eat nor sleepe couing the ship to keepe her as vpright as he could otherwaies she must long ere that needs haue foundered most wishedly and happily descried land whereupon he most comfortably incouraged them to follow their worke many of them being fast asleepe this vnlooked for welcome newes as if it had bin a voice from heauen hurrieth them all aboue hatches to looke for that they durst scarce beleeue so that improuidently forsaking that taske which imported no lesse then their liues they gaue so dangerous aduantage to their greedy enemy the salt water which still entred at the large breaches of their poore wooden castle as that in gaping after life they had well-nigh
swallowed their death Surely it is impossible any should now be vrged to doe his best and although they knew it that place all men did so shun yet they spread all the faile they could to attaine them for not long it was before they strucke vpon a rocke till a surge of the sea cast her from thence and so from one to another till most luckily at last so vpright betwixt two as if she had beene in the stocks till this they expected but euery blow a death But now behold suddenly the wind giues place to a calme and the billowes which each by ouertaking her would in an instant haue shiuered her in peeces become peaceable and still so that with all conueniency and ease they vnshipped all their goods victuall and persons into their Boats and with extreme ioy euen almost to amazednesse arriued in safetie though more then a league from the shore without the losse of a man yet were they in all one hundred and fiftie yet their deliuerance was not more strange in falling so happily vpon the land as their feeding and preseruation was beyond their hopes for you haue heard it hath beene to the Spaniards more fearefull then an Vtopian Purgatory and to all Sea-men no lesse terrible then an inchanted den of Furies and Deuils the most dangerous vnfortunate and forlorne place in the world and they found it the richest healthfullest and pleasantest they euer saw as is formerly said Being thus safe on shore they disposed themselues to search the Iles for food and water others to get a shore what they could from the ship not long Sir George wandred but found such a fishing that in halfe an houre with a hooke and line he tooke so many as sufficed the whole company in some places they were so thicke in the Coues and so great they durst not goe in left they should bite them and these rocke fish are so great two will load a man and fatter nor better fish cannot be Mr. Shelly found a Bay neere a quarter of a mile ouer so full of Mullets as none of them before had euer seene or heard of the like the next day seeking to kill them with fis-gigs they stracke so many the water in many places was red with bloud yet caught not one but with a net they caught so many as they could draw a shore with infinite number of Pilchards and diuers other sorts great craw-fishes in a night by making a fire they haue taken in great quantity Sir George had twice his hooke and line broke out of his hand but the third time he made it so strong he caught the same fish which had pulled him into the Sea had not his men got hold of him whereby he had his three hookes againe were found in her belly At their first hunting for hogs they found such abundance they killed 32 and this hunting fishing was appointed to Captaine Robert Walsingham and Mr. Henry Shelly for the company in general they report they killed at least 500. besides Pigs and many that were killed by diuers others for the birds in their seasons the facility to make their cabens of Palmera leaues caused many of them vtterly forget or desire euer to returne from thence they liued in such plenty peace and ease But let vs remember how the Knights began to resolue in those desperat affaires many proiects they had but at last it was concluded to decke their long boat with their ship hatches which done with all expedition they sent Master Rauen a very sufficient Mariner with eight more in her to Virginia to haue shipping from thence to fetch them away three weekes or a moneth they expected her returne but to this day she was neuer more heard of all this time was spent in searching the Iles now although God still fed them with this abundance of plenty yet such was the malice of enuy or ambition for all this good seruice done by Sommers such a great difference fell amongst their Commanders that they liued asunder in this distresse rather as meere strangers then distressed friends but necessity so commanded patience had the victory Two ships at this time by those seuerall parties were a building in the meane time two children were borne the Boy was called Bermudas the Girle Bermuda and amongst all those sorrowes they had a merry English mariage the forme of those Iles you may see at large in the Map of Mr. Norwood where you may plainly see no place knowne hath better walls nor a broader ditch But hauing finished and rigged their two new Cedar ships with such prouisions they saued from the Sea-aduenturer they left amongst the Rocks they called the one the Patience the other the Deliuerance they vsed Lime and Oile as May did for Pitch and Tar. Sir George Summers had in his Barke no Iron at all but one bolt in her Keele now hauing made their prouisions of victuall and all things ready they set saile the tenth of May 1610. onely leauing two men behinde them called Christopher Carter and Edward Waters that for their offences or the suspition they had of their iudgements fled into the woods and there rather desired to end their daies then stand to their trials and the euent of Iustice for one of their consorts was shot to death and Waters being tied to a tree also to be executed had by chance a Knife about him and so secretly cut the Rope he ran into the woods where they could not finde him There were two Saluages also sent from Virginia by Captain Smith the one called Namuntack the other Matchumps but some such differences fell betweene them that Matchumps slew Namuntack and hauing made a hole to bury him because it was too short he cut of his legs and laid them by him which murder he concealed till he was in Virginia The foure and twentieth of the same moneth they arriued in Virginia at Iames towne where they found but threescore persons as you may reade at large in the History of Virginia of the fiue hundred left by Captaine Smith also of the arriuall of the Lord Laware that met them thus bound for England returned them backe and vnderstanding what plenty there was of hogs and other good things in the Bermudas was desirous to send thither to supply his necessary occasions whereupon Sir George Summers the best acquainted with the place whose noble minde euer regarded a generall good more then his owne ends though aboue threescore yeeres of age and had meanes in England sutable to his ranke offered himselfe by Gods helpe to performe this dangerous voyage againe for the Bermudas which was kindly accepted so vpon the 19. of Iune he imbarked in his Cedar ship about the burthen of thirty tunnes and so set saile Much foule and crosse weather he had and was forced to the North parts of Virginia where refreshing himselfe vpon this vnknowne coast he could not bee diuerted from the search
through ill weather or want of Mariners or both in stead of the Indies fell with the Canaries where taking a poore Portugall the which they manned with ten of their owne people as soone after separated from her in a storme the next day was taken by a French Pickaroune so that the Frigot out of hope of her prize makes a second time for the West-Indies where she no sooner arriued but foundred in the sea but the men in their Boat recouered a desolate ile where after some few moneths stay an English Pyrat tooke them in and some of them at last got for England and some few yeares after returned to the Somer Iles. Captaine Iohn Mansfield his moneth THE Frigot thus gone Captaine Mansfield succeeded Then was contriued a petition as from the generalitie vnto the triumuirat Gouernors wherein they supplicated that by no meanes they should resigne the gouernment to any should come from England vpon what tearmes soeuer vntill six moneths after the returne of their ship sent to the West-Indies about this vnwarrantable action Mâ—ster Lewes Hues their Preacher was so violent in suppressing it that such discontents grew betwixt the Gouernors and him and diuisions among the Company he was arraigned condemned and imprisoned but not long detained before released Then the matter fell so hotly againe to be disputed betwixt him and one Master Keath a Scotch-man that professed schollership that made all the people in a great combustion much adoe there was till at last as they sate in the Church and ready to proceed to a iudiciary course against Master Hues suddenly such an extreme gust of wind and weather so ruffled in the trees and Church some cried out A miracle others it was but an accident common in those Iles but the noise was so terrible it dissolued the assembly notwithstanding Master Hues was againe imprisoned and as suddenly discharged but those factions were so confused and their relations so variable that such vnnecessary circumstances were better omitted then any more disputed This mans moneth thus ended begins Master Carter which was altogether spent in quietnesse and then Captaine Miles Kendall had the rule whose moneth was also as quietly spent as his Predecessors Then Captaine Mansfield begins his second moneth when the ship called the Edwin arriued with good supplies About this time diuers Boats going to sea were lost and some men drowned and many of the Company repaired to Master Hues that there might bee a Councell according to Master Mores order of six Gouernours and twelue Assistants whereupon grew as many more such silly brawles as before which at last concluded with as simple a reconciliation In the interim happened to a certaine number of priuate persons as miserable and lamentable an accident as euer was read or heard of and thus it was In the month of March a time most subiect of all others to such tempests on a Friday there went seuen men in a boat of two or three runnes to fish The morning being faire so eager they were of their iourney some went fasting neither carried they either meat or drinke with them but a few Palmeta berries but being at their fishing place some foure leagues from the shoare such a tempest arose they were quickly driuen from the sight of land in an ouergrowne Sea despairing of all hope onely committing themselues to Gods mercy set the boat driue which way shee would On Sunday the storme being somewhat abated they hoysed saile as they thought towards the Island In the euening it grew starke calme to that being too weake to vse their oares they lay a drift that night The next morning Andrew Hilliard for now all his companions were past strength either to helpe him or themselues before a small gale of wind spred his saile againe On Tuesday one died whom they threw ouer board On Wednesday three And on Thursday at night the sixt All these but the last were buried by Hilliard in the Sea for so weake hee was growne hee could not turne him ouer as the rest whereupon hee stripped him ripping his belly with his knife throwing his bowels into the water hee spread his body abroad tilted open with a sticke and so lets it lie as a cisterne to receiue some lucky raine-water and this God sent hâ—m presently after so that in one small shoure hee recouered about foure spoonefuls of raine water to his vnspeakeable refreshment he also preserued neere halfe a pint of blood in a shooe which he did sparingly drinke of to moist his mouth two seuerall dates he fed on his flesh to the quantity of a pound on the eleuenth day from his losing the sight of land two flying fishes fals in his boat whose warme iucie blood hee sucked to his great comfort But within an houre after to his greater comfort you will not doubt he once againe descried the land and within foure houres after was cast vpon a rocke neere to Port royall where his boat was presently split in pieces but himselfe though exreamly weake made shift to clamber vp so steepe and high a rocke as would haue troubled the ablest man in the I le to haue done that by day hee did by night Being thus astride on a rocke the tumbling Sea had gotten such possâ—ssion in his braines that a good while it was before his giddy head would suffer him to venture vpon the forsaking it towards the morning he craules a shore and then to his accomplished ioy descernes where hee is and trauels halfe a day without any refreshment then water whereof wisely and temperately he stinted himselfe otherwise certainely hee had drunke his last In which case hee attaines a friends house where at the first they tooke him for a ghost but at last acknowledged and receiued him with ioy his story after some houres of recouery of strength to tell it heard out with admiration he was not long after conueyed to the towne where he receiued his former health and was liuing in the yeere 1622. The next newes that happened in this time of ease was that a merry fellow hauing found some few Dollars against the Flemish wracke the bruit went currant the treasure was found and they all made men Much adoe there was to preuent the purloining of it before they had it vvhere after they had tyred themselues vvith searching that they found amounted not to aboue twenty pounds starling vvhich is not vnlike but to be the remainder of some greater store washed from some wracke not farre from the shore The company by the Edwin receiuing newes of the reuels vvere kept in Sommer Iles resolued to make choice of a new Gouernour called Master Daniel Tuckar that a long time had bin a planter in Virginia in the gouernment of Captaine Smith All things being furnished for his voyage hee set saile in the George consorted vvith the Edwin with many passengers which being discouered by them in those Iles they supposed them the Frigot sent to
helpe to sweeten all manner of grieuances yet it bred a distaste in the opinions of so many they began to thinke of another Gouernor but for that time it was so qualified by diuers of his friends they dispatched away the Blessing which arriued in the Somer Iles. Though their generall Letter was faire and courteous to the Gouernor yet by the report of the Passengers and diuers particular letters from his friends it was assured him his cruelty and couetousnesse for all his paines and industry was much disliked nor was he like to enioy his house and that land he had planted for himselfe by the extreme oppression of the Comminalty This caused so many ielousies to arise in his conceit that at last he fully resolued to returne by this ship that no sooner set saile from England then they proceeded to the nomination of a new Gouernor Many were presented according to the affections of those that were to giue in their voices but it chiefely rested betwixt one Captaine Southwell and one Mr Nathaniel Butler where wee will leaue them a while to the consideration of the Court and Company Now Captaine Tuckar hauing instituted Captaine Kendall one of the six Gouernors before spoken of for his substitute returned with this ship directly for England as well to excuse himselfe of those obiections he suspected as to get assured him the house and land he had alotted for himselfe lest it might otherwise be disposed of in his absence Collected out of their Records by N. B. and the relations of M. Pollard and diuers others The Gouernment of Captaine Miles Kendall Deputy for Captaine Tuckar THE vnexpected returne of Captaine Tuckar caused a demurre in the election of the new Gouernor some perswading these oft changes were so troublesome dangerous and chargeable it were best to continue Captaine Kendall others againe stood for Captaine Tuckar but during the time of these opinions the Gilliflower was dispatched with a supply Now I should haue remembred Tuckar was no sooner out of the harbour but he met Master Elfred in a ship called the Treasurer sent from Virginia to trade by her he writ to his Deputy Master Kendall to haue a care of all things and beware of too much acquaintance with this ship which hee suspected was bound for the West-Indies Notwithstanding Elfred receiued what kindnesse the I le could afford he promised to reuisit them at his returne this done because they would not be gouernlesse when his Deputiship was expired there was a generall assembly and by that Election Kendall was confirmed to succeed still Gouernor Now they began to apply themselues to the finishing some plat-forme about Smiths Fort and laying the foundation of a Church to be built of Cedar till the Gillyflower arriued with some priuate letters to Kendall how he was elected Gouernor of those Iles for three yeeres During her stay they held their Assises where for some few suspected facts three were condemned and the better to terrifie the rest led to the place of execution but reprieued diuers of the rest had their faults pardoned and the Gilliflower set saile for New found land The loue and kindnesse honesty and industry of this Captaine Kendall hath beene very much commended by others somewhat disliked but an Angell in those imploiments cannot please all men yet this consideration bred much ill bloud as well here as there so that the Company directly concluded Captaine Butler should with what expedition they could goe to be their Gouernor In the Interim they tooke the opportunitie of a ship called the Sea-flower bound for Virginia and by her sent a Preacher and his Family with diuers Passengers and newes of a new Gouernor This bred a great distaste amongst many that still they should haue new officers and strangers for their Gouernors they neuer heard of and themselues still kept there whether they would or no without any preferment no nor scarce any of them their inhabiting to haue any land at all of their owne but liue all as tenants or as other mens poore seruants About this time came in Captaine Kerby with a small Barke from the West-Indies who hauing refreshed himselfe was very kindly vsed by the Gouernor and so departed Not long after a Dutch Frigot was cast away vpon the Westerne shore yet by the helpe of the English they saued the men though the ship perished amongst the Rocks A little after one Ensigne Wood being about the loading of a peece by thrusting a pike into the concauitie grating vpon the shot or somewhat about the powder strucke fire within her and so discharged but wounded him cruelly and blew him into the Sea though hee was got out by some that stood by him yet hee died of those wounds Within two or three daies after Captaine Elfred now comes in a second time but of that we shall say more in the gouernment of Captaine Butler who presently after arriued with a good supply and was kindly entertained by Captaine Kendall and all the Colony From a relation of Tho. Sparks and diuers others The Gouernment of Captaine Nathaniel Butler CAptaine Butler being arriued the twentieth of October 1619. some mutterings there was how to maintaine their election of Captaine Kendall but better remembring themselues that conceit quickly dissolued The next day Kendall the Ministers and the Counsell went aboord to salute the new Gouernor where after they had dined with the best entertainment he could giue them they saw the Redout belonging to the Kings Castle by a mischance on fire whither he repaired with all the meanes he could to quench it but all the platforme and cariages were consumed before their faces and they could not helpe it Two daies after he went vp to the Towne had his Commission publikely read made a short speech to the Company and so tooke vpon him the gouernment Then presently he began to repaire the most necessary defects The next moneth came in the Garland sent from England six or seuen weekes before him so that being seuenteene weeks in her voyage it was so tedious and grieuous to diuers of the Fresh-water Passengers that such a sicknesse bred amongst them many died as well Sailers as Passengers Hauing taken the best order he could for their releefe passed through all the Tribes and held his first Assise in Captaine Tuckars house at the ouer-plus Towards the last of this moneth of Nouemb. there arose a most terrible storme or Hericano that blew vp many great trees by the roots the Warwick that brought the Gouernor was cast away but the Garland rid by her saued her selfe by cutting downe her Masts and not long after a second storme no lesse violent then the first wherein the Mount which was a frame of wood built by Master More for a Watch-tower to looke out to Sea was blowne vp by the roots and all that Winter crop of corne blasted And thus was the new Gouernor welcomed With the beginning of the new yeere he began
his first peece of fortification vpon a Rocke which flankers the Kings Castle and finding the ship called the Treasurer starke rotten and vnseruiceable hee tooke nine peeces of Ordinance from her to serue other vses The Garland for want of meanes could not make her voiage to Virginia as she was appointed wherefore he entertained her to returne to England with all the Tabacco they had in the I le It was Ianuary before she departed in which time shee failed not much to haue beene twice cast away But those strange and vnauoidable mischances rather seemed to quicken the Gouernors industry then to dull it Hauing finished the Church begun by Captaine Kendall with an infinite toile and labour he got three peeces out of the wracke VVarwicke Hauing an excellent Dutch Carpinter he entertained of them that were cast away in the Dutch Frigot he imploied him in building of Boats whereof they were in exceeding great want In February they discouered a tall ship beating too and againe as it seemed by her working being ignorant of the Coast some thought her a Spaniard to view their Forts which stand most to that part she so neerely approached some English but the most some Dutch man of Warre The wind blew to high they durst not send out a Boat though they much doubted she would be foule of their Rocks but at last she bore vp rommy for the Sea and we heard of her no more That euening a lucky fellow it should seeme he was that found a peece of Amber-greece of eight ounces as he had twice before which bringing to the Gouernor he had ready money for the one halfe after three pound an ounce according to their order of Court to encourage others to looke out for more and preuent the mischiefe insueth by concealing of it Within a few daies after they descried two Frigots that came close to the shore and sent a Letter to the Gouernor writ in Italian that they were Hollanders had beene in the West-Indies and desired but to arriue refresh themselues with wood and water and so be gone The Gouernor forthwith sent them to vnderstand that being there vnder his Maiestie of England to command those Iles he was to carrie himselfe a friend to his friends and an enemy to his enemies if therefore he could shew a lawfull Commission for his being honestly and nobly emploied he and his should be kindly welcome otherwise they were to aduenture at their perills But his Commission was so good he staied there two moneths and was so well fitted with Oile Bacon they were all glad and happy of this Dutch Captaine Scoutans arriuall with many thanks to their old friend Captaine Powell that had conducted him thither the Colony being exceedingly in great want and distresse bought the most part of it at reasonable rates so Captaine Scoutan returned to the West-Indies and Captaine Powell for his part in the Low-Countries Whilest these things were in action the Aduenturers in \ England made many a long looke for their ships at last the Garland brought them all the newes but the Tobacco was so spoiled either in the leaking ship or the making vp it caused a great suspicion there could none was good come from those Iles where were they but perfit in the cure questionlesse it would be much better then a great quantitie of that they sell for Verinas and many a thousand of it in London hath beene bought and sold by that title The Gouernor being cleere of those distractions falls vpon the restoring of the burnt Redoubt where he cuts out a large new plat-forme and mounts seuen great peece of Ordnance vpon new cariages of Cedar Now amongst all those troubles it was not the least to bring the two Ministers to subscribe to the Booke of Common Praier which all the Bishops in England could not doe Finding it high time to attempt some conformitie bethought himselfe of the Liturgie of Garnsey and Iarse wherein all those particulars they so much stumbled at were omitted No sooner was this propounded but it was gladly imbraced by them both whereupon the Gouernor translated it verbatim out of French into English and caused the eldest Minister vpon Easter day to begin the vse thereof at S. Georges towne where himselfe most of the Councell Officers and Auditorie receiued the Sacrament the which forme they continued during the time of his gouernment Much about this time in such a faire morning that had inuited many Boats farre out to the Sea to fish did rise such a Hericano that much indangered them all so that one of them with two Boies were driuen to Sea and neuer more heard of The Ministers thus agreed a Proclamation was published for keeping of the Sabbath and all the defectiue cariages he endeuoured to haue renewed builded a small Boat of Cedar onely to goe with Ores to be ready vpon any occasion to discouer any shipping and tooke order euery Fort should haue the like Also caused numbers of Cedars to be brought from diuers places in flotes to rebuild the Mount which with an vnspeakable toile was raised seuen foot higher then before and a Falcon mounted at the foot to be alwaies discharged for a warning to all the Forts vpon the discouery of any shipping and this he called Rich Mount This exceeding toile and labour hauing no Cattle but onely mens strengths caused many petitions to the Gouernour that all those generall works might cease till they had reaped their haruests in that they were in great distresse for victuall which hee so well answered their owne shames did cause them desist from that importunity and voluntarily performe as much as hee required Finding accidentally a little crosse erected in a by place amongst a many of bushes vnderstanding there was buried the heart and intrailes of Sir George Summers hee resolued to haue a better memory for so worthy a Souldier then that So finding also a great Marble stone brought out of England hee caused it by Masons to bee wrought handsomely and laid ouer the place which hee inuironed with a square wall of hewen stone Tombe like wherein hee caused to bee grauen this Epitaph he had composed and fixed it vpon the Marble stone and thus it was In the yeere 1611 Noble Sir George Summers went hence to heauen Whos 's well tri'd worth that held him still imploid Gaue him the knowledge of the world so wide Hence 't was by heauens decree that to this place He brought new guests and name to mutuall grace At last his soule and body being to part He here bequeath'd his entrails and his heart Vpon the sixt of Iune began the second Assise that reduced them to the direct forme vsed in England For besides the Gouernour and Councell they haue the Bailiffes of the Tribes in nature of the Deputy Lieutenants of the shires in England for to them are all precepts and warrants directed and accordingly answered and respected they performe also the
duties of Iustices of Peace within their limits The subordinate Officers to these in euery tribe are the Constables Head-borowes and Church-wardens these are the triers of the Tobacco which if they allow not to be marchantable is burnt and these are the executioners of their ciuill and politicke causes For points of warre and martiall affaires they haue the Gouernour for Lieutenant generall the Sergeant maior Master of Ordinance Captaines of Companies Captaines of Forts with their seuerall officers to traine and exercise those numbers vnder their charge in martiall discipline Concerning their Courts for decision of right and iustice the first though last in constitution is their generall assembly allowed by the state in England in the nature of a Parliament consisting of about forty persons viz. the Gouernour the Counsell the Bailiffes of the tribes and two Burgesses of each tribe chosen by voyces in the tribe besides such of the Clergie as the Gouernour thinkes most fit to be held once a yeere as you shall heare more thereof hereafter The next Court is the Assise or Iayles of deliuerie held twice euery yeere in Christmas and Whitson weeke for all criminall offenders and ciuill causes betwixt party and party as actions of debt trespasse battery slander and the like and these are determined by a Iury of twelue men and aboue them is also a grand Iury to examine matters of greater consequence The last day of the Assise might also well be held a Court for hearing the trangressions in matters of contempt mis-behauiour towards any Magistrate riots seditious speakers contemners of warrants and such like there are also as occasion shall require many matters heard by the Gouernor or his Officers and oft iustice done in seuerall places but those are but as daies of hearing and as preparatiues against their Courts c. At this last Assize eighteene were arrained for criminall causes a number very extraordinary considering the place but now occasioned by reason of the hard yeere and the store of ill chosen new commers of these some were censured to the whipping post some burned in the hand but two were condemned to die yet the one was reprieued the other hanged this done euery man returned to his home many trials they made againe about the Warwicke but to small purpose her Ordnance being lashed so fast they could not be vnloosed till the ropes and decks were rotten yet some few buttes of beare being storie they got which though it had lien six moneths vnder water was very good notwithstanding the next yeere they recouered fiue peeces of Ordnance Vpon the first of August according to the Companies instructions from England began the generall assembly at the towne of Saint George which was the first these Iles euer had consisting as is said of the Gouernour Councell Bailiffes and Burgesses and a Secretarie to whom all bils were presented and by him openly read in the house also a Clerke to record the Acts being thirty two in all fifteene of which being sent into England were by a generall consent receiued and enacted the titles whereof are these following as for all the reasons for them they would be too tedious to recite The first was against the vniust sale and letting of apprentises and other seruants and this was especially for the righting the vndertakers in England The second concerning the disposing of aged diseased and impotent persons for it being considered how carelesse many are in preferring their friends or sending sometimes any they can procure to goe such vnseruiceable people should be returned back at their charge that sent them rather then be burdensome to the poore Inhabitants in the Iles. The third the necessary manning the Kings Castle being the key of the I le that a garison of twelue able men should bee there alwaies resident and 3000. eares of corne and 1000. pounds of Tobacco payed them by the generality yeerely as a pension The fourth against the making vnmarchantable Tobacco and Officers sworne to make true trials burne that was naught The fist inioyned the erection of certaine publike bridges and the maintenance of them The sixt for a continuall supply of victuall for all the Forts to bee preserued till some great occasion to vse it The seuenth was for two fixed dayes euery yeere for the Assises The eight commands the making of high-waies and prohibiting the passage ouer mens grounds and planted fields as well to preuent the spoyling of gardens as conueniencie to answer any alarum The ninth for the preseruing young tortoises and birds that were carelesly destroyed The tenth prouided against vagabonds prohibited the entertainement of other mens seruants The eleuenth compelled the setting of a due quantity of corne for euery family The twelfth the care corne being set enioyned the keeping vp of their poultry till it was past their reaches The thirteenth for the preseruation of sufficient fences against the selling of marked trees appointed for bounds The fourteenth granted to a leuy for a thousand pound weight of Tobacco towards the payment of publike workes as the bridges and the mount The fifteenth for the enioyning an acknowledgement and acception of all resident Gouernours and the warranting him to continue though his time be expired till the arriuall of a legitimate successor from England to preuent all vomeet and presumptuous elections besides it was desired by petition in England the new Gouernous should liue two months as a priuate man after his arriuall if his predecessor did stay so long the better to learne and obserue his course And these are the contents of those fifteene Acts applied as you may perceiue which the lawes of England could not take notice of because euery climate hath somewhat to it selfe in that kinde in particular for otherwise as it is conceiued it had beene a high impudency and presumption to haue medled with them or indeed with any such as these lawes that had with such great iudgement and iustice alwaies prouided for No sooner was this businesse ouer but the Magazin ship is discouered and that night came into the Harbour but in a very weake and sickly case hauing cast ouer board twenty or thirty of her people and so violent was the infection that the most part of the failers as well as passengers were so sicke or dismaid or both that the Master confessed had they stayed at the Sea but a weeke longer they had all perished There arriued with this ship diuers Gentlemen of good fashion with their wiues and families but many of them crasie by the tediousnesse of the voyage howsoeuer most of them by the excellent salubrity of the aire then which the world hath not a better soone after recouered yet some there were that died presently after they got ashore it being certainly the quality of the place either to kill or cure quickly as the bodies are more or lesse corrupted By this ship the Company sent a supply of ten persons for the
he desired returned for Virginia Aprill and May were spent in building a strong new Prison and perfecting some of the Fortifications and by the labour of twenty men in fourteene daies was got from the Spanish wracke foure excellent good Sacres and mounted them at the Forts Then began the generall Assize where not fewer then fifty ciuill or rather vnciuill actions were handled and twenty criminall prisoners brought to the bar such a multitude of such vild people were sent to this Plantation that he thought himselfe happy his time was so neere expired three of the foulest acts were these the first for the rape of a married woman which was acquitted by a senselesse Iury the second for buggering a Sow and the third for Sodomy with a boy for which they were hanged during the time of the imprisonment of this Buggerer of the Sow a Dung-hill Cocke belonging to the same man did continually haunt a Pigge of his also and to the wonder of all them that saw it who were many did so frequently tread the Pigge as if it had beene one of his Hens that the Pigge languished and died within a while after and then the Cocke resorted to the very same Sow that this fellow was accused for in the very same manner and as an addition to all this about the same time two Chickens were hatched the one whereof had two heads the other crowed very loud and lustily within twelue houres after it was out of the shell A desperate fellow being to bee arraigned for stealing a Turky rather then he would endure his triall secretly conueighed himselfe to Sea in a little Boat and neuer since was euer heard of nor is he euer like to be without an exceeding wonder little lesse then a miracle In Iune they made another triall about the Spanish wracke and recouered another Sacre and a Murderer also he caused to be hewed out of the maine Rocke a paire of large staires for the conuenient landing of goods and passengers a worke much to the beauty and benefit of the towne With twenty chosen men and two excellent Divers the Gouernour went himselfe to the wracke Warwick but they could recouer but one Murderer from thence he went to the Sea-aduenture the wracke of Sir George Summers the hull though two or three fathomes in the water they found vnperished and with much a doe weighed a Sacre her sheat Anchor diuers barres of Iron and pigs of Lead which stood the Plantation in very great stead Towards the end of Iuly he went to seeke for a wracke they reported lay vnder water with her hatches spiked vp but they could not finde her but from the Spanish wracke lay there by they weighed three faire Sacres more and so returned through the Tribes to Saint Georges some were also imployed to seeke out beds of Oisters for Pearle some they found some seed Pearle they got but out of one little shell aboue all the rest they got about 120. small Pearle but somewhat defectiue in their colour The time of Captain Butlers gouernment drawing neere an end the Colony presented vnto him diuers grieuances to intreat him to remember to the Lords and Company in England at his returne also they appointed two to be ioyned with him with letters of credence to solicit in their behalfe those grieuances following First they were defrauded of the food of their soules for being not fewer then one thousand and fiue hundred people dispersed in length twenty miles they had at that present but one Minister nor neuer had but two and they so shortned of their promises that but onely for meere pity they would haue forsaken them Secondly neglected in the safety of their liues by wants of all sorts of munition Thirdly they had beene censured contrary to his Maiesties Lawes and not allowed them the benefit of their booke as they are in England but by Captaine Butler Fourthly they were frustrated of many of their couenants and most extremely pinched and vndone by the extortion of the Magazine for although their Tobacco was stinted but at two shillings sixpence the pound yet they pitched their commodities at what rate they pleased Fifthly their fatherlesse children are left in little better condition then slaues for if their Parents die in debt their children are made as bondmen till the debt be discharged these things being perfected there grew a great question of one Heriot for plotting of factions and abusing the Gouernour for which he was condemned to lose his eares yet he was vsed so fauourably he lost but the part of one in all By this time it being growne past the wonted season of the comming in of ships from England after a generall longing and expectation especially of the Gouernour whose Commission being neere vpon expiration gaue him cause to wish for a meane of deliuerance from so troublesome and thanklesse an imploiment as he had hitherto found it a saile is discouered and long it was not before shee arriued in the Kings Castle-Harbour this Barke was set out by two or three priuate men of the Company and hauing landed her supplies was to goe for Virginia by her the Gouernour receiued certaine aduertisements of the carriage and behauiour of the Spaniards which he had reliued as you haue heard the yeere before that quite contrary both to his merit their vow and his owne expectation they made clamours against him the which being seconded by the Spanish Ambassadour caused the State to fall in examination about it whereupon hauing fully cleared their ingratefulnesse and impudency and being assured of the choice of a successor that was to be expected within fiue or six weekes hee was desirous to take the opportunity of this Barke and to visit the Colony in Virginia in his returne for England leauing the gouernment to Captaine Felgat Captaine Stokes Master Lewis Hewes Master Nedom and Master Ginner but now his time being fully expired and the fortifications finished viz. The Kings Castle wherein were mounted vpon sufficient Platformes sixteene peece of Ordnances In Charles Fort two In Southampton Fort fiue betwixt which and the Castle passeth the Chanell into the Harbour secured by three and twenty peeces of good artillery to play vpon it In Cowpers Ile is Pembrocks Fort where is two Peeces The Chanell of Saint George is guarded by Smiths Fort and Pagits Fort in which is eleuen peece of Ordnance Saint George towne is halfe a league within the Harbour commanded by Warwicks Fort where are three great Peeces and on the Wharfe before the Gouernours house eight more besides the warning Peece by the mount and three in Saint Katharines so that in all there are ten Fortresses and two and fifty peeces of Ordnance sufficient and seruiceable their formes and situations you may see more plainlier described in the Map and to defend those he left one thousand fiue hundred persons with neere a hundred boats and the I le well replenished with store of such fruits prouisions
t' were to goe to bed or drinke And all thou yet hast done thou dost esteeme As nothing This doth cause me thinke That thou I 'aue seene so oft approu'd in dangers And thrice captiu'd thy valour still hath freed Art yet preserued to conuert those strangers By God thy guide I trust it is decreed For me I not commend but much admire Thy England yet vnknowne to passers by-her For it will praise it selfe in spight of me Thou it it thou to all posterity Your true friend and souldier Ed. Robinson To my honest Captaine the Author MAlignant Times What can be said or done But shall be censur'd and traduc't by some This worthy Worke which thou hast bought so deare Ne thou nor it Detractors need to feare Thy words by deeds so long thou hast approu'd Of thousands know thee not thou art belou'd And this great Plot will make thee ten times more Knowne and belou'd than ere thou wert before I neuer knew a Warrier yet but thee From wine Tobacco debts dice oaths so free I call thee Warrier and I make the bolder For many a Captaine now was neuer Souldier Some such may swell at this but to their praise When they haue done like thee my Muse shall raise Their due deserts to Worthies yet to come To liue like thine admir'd till day of Doome Your true friend sometimes your souldier Tho. Carlton NEW ENGLAND The most remarqueable parts thus named by the high and mighty Prince CHARLES Prince of great Britaine THE PORTRAICTUER OF CAPTAYNE IOHN SMITH ADMIRALL OF NEW ENGLAND These are the Lines that shew thy Face but those That shew thy Grace and Glory brighter bee Thy Faire-Discoueries and Fowle-Overthrowes Of Salvages much Civilliz'd by thee Best shew thy Spirit and to it Glory Wyn So thou art Brasse without but Golde within If so in Brasse too soft Smiths Acts to beare I fix thy Fame to make Brasse steele out weare Thine as thou art Virtues Goâ—â—â— Dauies Heref HONY S OIT QVI MAL Y PENSE A Scale of Leagues Observed and described by Captayn John Smith 1614 London Printed by Geor Low THE SIXTH BOOKE THE GENERALL HISTORIE OF NEW-ENGLAND COncerning this History you are to vnderstand the Letters-Patents granted by his Maiesty in 1606. for the limitation of Virginia did extend from 34. to 44. which was diuided in two parts namely the first Colony and the second the first was to the honourable City of London and such as would aduenture with them to discouer and take their choice where they would betwixt the degrees of 34. and 41. The second was appropriated to the Cities of Bristol Exeter and Plimoth c. and the West parts of England and all those that would aduenture and ioine with them and they might make their choise any where betwixt the degrees of 38. and 44. prouided there should bee at least 100. miles distance betwixt these 2. Colonies each of which had lawes priuileges and authoritie for the gouernment and aduancing their seuerall Plantations alike Now this part of America hath formerly beene called Norumbega Virginia Nuskoncus Penaquida Cannada and such other names as those that ranged the Coast pleased But because it was so mountainous rocky and full of Iles few haue aduentured much to trouble it but as is formerly related notwithstanding that honourable Patron of vertue Sir Iohn Popham Lord chiefe Iustice of England in the yeere 1606. procured meanes and men to possesse it and sent Captaine George Popham for President Captaine Rawley Gilbert for Admirall Captaine Edward Harlow master of the Ordnance Captaine Robert Dauis Sargeant-Maior Captaine Elis Best Marshall Master Seaman Secretary Captaine Iames Dauis to be Captaine of the Fort Master Gome Carew chiefe Searcher all those were of the Councell who with some hundred more were to stay in the Country they set saile from Plimoth the last of May and fell with Monahigan the eleuenth of August At Sagadahock 9. or 10. leagues southward they planted themselues at the mouth of a faire nauigable Riuer but the coast all thereabouts most extreme stony and rocky that extreme frozen Winter was so cold they could not range nor search the Country and their prouision so small they were glad to send all but 45. of their company backe againe their noble President Captaine Popham died and not long after arriued two ships well prouided of all necessaries to supply them and some small time after another by whom vnderstanding of the death of the Lord chiefe Iustice and also of Sir Iohn Gilbert whose lands there the President Rawley Gilbert was to possesse according to the aduenturers directions finding nothing but extreme extremities they all returned for England in the yeere 1608. and thus this Plantation was begunne and ended in one yeere and the Country esteemed as a cold barren mountainous rocky Desart Notwithstanding the right Honourable Henry Earle of South-hampton and those of the I le of Wight imploied Captaine Edward Harlow to discouer an I le supposed about Cape Cod but they found their plots had much abused them for falling with Monahigan they found onely Cape Cod no I le but the maine there they detained three Saluages aboord them called Pechmo Monopet and Pekenimne but Pechmo leapt ouer board and got away and not long after with his consorts cut their Boat from their sterne got her on shore and so filled her with sand and guarded her with Bowes and Arrowes the English lost her not farre from thence they had three men sorely wounded with Arrowes Anchoring at the I le of Nohone the Saluages in their Canowes assaulted the Ship till the English Guns made them retire yet here they tooke Sakaweston that after he had liued many yeeres in England went a Souldier to the warres of Bohemia At Capawo they tooke Coneconam and Epenow but the people at Agawom vsed them kindly so with fiue Saluages they returned for England yet Sir Francis Popham sent diuers times one Captaine Williams to Monahigan onely to trade and make core fish but for any Plantations there was no more speeches For all this as I liked Virginia well though not their proceedings so I desired also to see this country and spend some time in trying what I could finde for all those ill rumors and disasters From the relations of Captaine Edward Harlow and diuers others In the month of Aprill 1614. at the charge of Capt. Marmaduke Roydon Capt. George Langam Mr. Iohn Buley and Mr. William Skelton with two ships from London I chanced to arriue at Monahigan an I le of America in 434. of Northerly latitude out plot was there to take Whales for which we had one Samuel Cramton and diuers others expert in that faculty also to make trialls of a Mine of gold copper if those failed Fish and Furs were then our refuge to make our selues sauers howsoeuer we found this Whale-fishing a costly conclusion we saw many and spent much time in chasing them but could not
that they offered me that imploiment if I would accept it and I finde still my refusall incurred some of their displeasures whose loue and fauour I exceedingly desired and though they doe censure me opposite to their proceedings they shall yet still in all my words and deeds finde it is their error not my fault that occasions their dislike for hauing ingaged my selfe in this businesse to the West Countrey I had beene very dishonest to haue broke my promise nor will I spend more time in discouery or fishing till I may goe with a Company for a Plantation for I know my grounds yet euery one to whom I tell them or that reads this Booke cannot put it in practise though it may helpe any that hath seene or not seene to know much of those parts And though they endeuour to worke me out of my owne designes I will not much enuy their fortunes but I would be sorry their intruding ignorance should by their defailments bring those certainties to doubtfulnesse So that the businesse prosper I haue my desire be it by whomsoeuer that are true subiects to our King and Countrey the good of my Countrey is that I seeke and there is more then enough for all if they could be contented New England is that part of America in the Ocean Sea opposite to Noua Albion in the South Sea discouered by the most memorable Sir Francis Drake in his Voyage about the world in regard whereof this is stiled New England being in the same latitude New France of it is Northwards Southwards is Virginia and all the adioyning continent with new Granado new Spaine new Andolosia and the West-Indies Now because I haue beene so oft asked such strange questions of the goodnesse and greatnesse of those spatious Tracts of Land how they can be thus long vnknowne or not possessed by the Spaniards and many such like demands I intreat your pardons if I chance to be too plaine or tedious in relating my knowledge for plaine mens satisfaction Florida is the next adioyning to the Indies which vnprosperously was attempted to be planted by the French a Countrey farre bigger then England Scotland France and Ireland yet little knowne to any Christian but by the wonderfull endeuours of Ferdinando de Soto a valiant Spaniard whose writings in this age is the best guide knowne to search those parts Virginia is no Ile as many doe imagine but part of the Continent adioyning to Florida whose bounds may be stretched to the magnitude thereof without offence to any Christian Inhabitant for from the degrees of thirtie to forty eight his Maiesty hath now enlarged his Letters Patents The Coast extending Southwest and North-east about sixteene or seuenteene hundred miles but to follow it aboord the shore may well be three thousand miles at the least of which twentie miles is the most giues entrance into the Bay of Chisapeacke where is the London Plantation within which is a Countrey as you may perceiue by the Map of that little I discouered may well suffice three hundred thousand people to inhabit but of it and the discoueries of Sir Ralph Laine and Master Heriot Captaine Gosnold and Captaine Waymouth they haue writ so largely that posteritie may be bettered by the fruits of their labours But for diuers others that haue ranged those parts since especially this Countrey now called New England within a kenning sometimes of the shore some touching in one place some in another I must intreat them pardon me for omitting them or if I offend in saying that their true descriptions were concealed or neuer were well obserued or died with the Authors so that the Coast is yet still but euen as a Coast vnknowne and vndiscouered I haue had six or seuen seuerall plots of those Northerne parts so vnlike each to other or resemblance of the Country as they did me no more good then so much waste paper though they cost me more it may bee it was not my chance to see the best but lest others may be deceiued as I was or through dangerous ignorance hazard themselues as I did I haue drawne a Map from point to point I le to I le and Harbour to Harbour with the Soundings Sands Rocks and Land-markes as I passed close aboord the shore in a little Boat although there bee many things to bee obserued which the haste of other affaires did cause me to omit for being sent more to get present Commodities then knowledge of any discoueries for any future good I had not power to search as I would yet it will serue to direct any shall goe that waies to safe Harbours and the Saluages habitations what Merchandize and Commodities for their labours they may finde this following discourse shall plainly demonstrate Thus you may see of these three thousand miles more then halfe is yet vnknowne to any purpose no not so much as the borders of the Sea are yet certainly discouered as for the goodnesse and true substance of the Land we are for most part yet altogether ignorant of them vnlesse it be those parts about the Bay of Chisapeack and Sagadahock but onely here and there where we haue touched or seene a little the edges of those large Dominions which doe stretch themselues into the maine God doth know how many thousand miles whereof we can yet no more iudge then a stranger that saileth betwixt England and France can describe the harbours and dangers by landing here or there in some Riuer or Bay tell thereby the goodnesse and substance of Spaine Italy Germany Bohemia Hungaria and the rest nay there are many haue liued fortie yeeres in London and yet haue scarce beene ten miles out of the Citie so are there many haue beene in Virginia many yeeres and in New England many times that doe know little more then the place they doe inhabit or the Port where they fished and when they come home they will vndertake they know all Virginia and New England as if they were but two Parishes or little Ilands By this you may perceiue how much they erre that thinke euery one that hath beene in Virginia or New England vnderstandeth or knoweth what either of them are Or that the Spaniards know one halfe quarter of those large Territories they possesse no not so much as the true circumference of Terra incognita whose large Dominions may equalize the goodnesse and greatnesse of America for any thing yet knowne It is strange with what small power he doth range in the East-Indies and few will vnderstand the truth of his strength in America where hauing so much to keepe with such a pampered force they need not greatly feare his fury in Sommer Iles Virginia or New England beyond whose bounds America doth stretch many thousand miles Into the frozen parts whereof one Master Hutson an English Mariner did make the greatest discouerie of any Christian I know where hee vnfortunately was left by his cowardly Company for his exceeding deserts
to end and die a most miserable death For Affrica had not the industrious Portugals ranged her vnknowne parts who would haue sought for wealth amongst those fried Regions of blacke brutish Negars where notwithstanding all their wealth and admirable aduentures and endeuours more then one hundred and fortie yeeres they know not one third part of those blacke habitations But it is not a worke for euery one to manage such an affaire as make a discouery and plant a Colony it requires all the best parts of art iudgement courage honesty constancy diligence and industry to doe but neere well some are more proper for one thing then another and therein best to be imploied and nothing breeds more confusion then misplacing and misimploying men in their vndertakings Columbus Courtes Pitzara Zoto Magilanus and the rest serued more then a Prentiship to learne how to begin their most memorable attempts in the West-Indies which to the wonder of all ages successefully they effected when many hundreds of others farre aboue them in the worlds opinion being instructed but by relation came to shame and confusion in actions of small moment who doubtlesse in other matters were both wise discreet generous and couragious I say not this to detract any thing from their incomparable merits but to answer those questionlesse questions that keepe vs backe from imitating the worthinesse of their braue spirits that aduanced themselues from poore Souldiers to great Captaines their posterity to great Lords their King to be one of the greatest Potentates on earth and the fruits of their labours his greatest power glory and renowne The Description of New England THat part we call New England is betwixt the degrees of fortie one and fortie fiue the very meane betwixt the North pole and the line but that part this Discourse speaketh of stretcheth but from Penobscot to Câ—pe Cod some seuentie fiue leagues by a right line distant each from other within which bounds I haue seene at least fortie seuerall habitations vpon the Sea Coast and sounded about fiue and twentie excellent good Harbours in many whereof there is anchorage for fiue hundred saile of ships of any burden in some of them for one thousand and more then two hundred Iles ouer-growne with good Timber of diuers sorts of wood which doe make so many Harbours as required a longer time then I had to be well obserued The principall habitation Northward we were at was Pennobscot Southward along the Coast and vp the Riuers we found Mecadacut Segocket Pemaquid Nuscoucus Sagadahock Aumoughcowgen and Kenebeke and to those Countries belong the people of Segotago Paghhuntanuck Pocopassum Taughtanakagnet Warbigganus Nassaque Masherosqueck Wawrigweck Mosâ—oquen Wakcogo Pasharanack c. To these are alied in confederacy the Countries of Ancocisco Accomynticus Passataquack Aggawom and Naemkeck All these for any thing I could perceiue differ little in language fashion or gouernment though most of them be Lords of themselues yet they hold the Bashabes of Penobscot the chiefe and greatest amongst them The next I can remember by name are Mattahunts two pleasant Iles of Groues Gardens and Corne fields a league in the Sea from the maine Then Totant Massachuset Topent Secassaw Totheet Nasnocomacack Accomack Chawum Patuxet Massasoyts Pakanokick then Cape Cod by which is Pawmet and the I le Nawset of the language and aliance of them of Chawum the others are called Massachusets and differ somewhat in language custome and condition for their Trade and Merchandize to each of their principall families or habitations they haue diuers Townes and people belonging and by their relations and descriptions more then twentie seuerall habitations and riuers that stretch themselues farre into the Countrey euen to the Borders of diuers great Lakes where they kill and take most of their Otters from Pennobscot to Sagadaboc This Coast is mountainous and Iles of huge Rockes but ouer-growne for most part with most sorts of excellent good woods for building Houses Boats Barks or Ships with an incredible abundance of most sorts of Fish much Fowle and sundry sorts of good Fruits for mans vse Betwixt Sagadahock Sowocatuck there is but two or three Sandy Bayes but betwixt that and Cape Iames very many especially the Coast of the Massachusets is so indifferently mixed with high Clay or Sandy clifts in one place and the tracts of large long ledges of diuers sorts and Quaries of stones in other places so strangely diuided with tinctured veines of diuers colours as Free-stone for building Slate for tyling smooth stone to make Furnasses and Forges for Glasse and Iron and Iron Ore sufficient conueniently to melt in them but the most part so resembleth the Coast of Deuonshire I thinke most of the clifts would make such Lime-stone if they bee not of these qualities they are so like they may deceiue a better iudgement then mine all which are so neere adioyning to those other aduantages I obserued in these parts that if the Ore proue as good Iron and Steele in those parts as I know it is within the bounds of the Countrey I dare ingage my head hauing but men skilfull to worke the Simples there growing to haue all things belonging to the building and rigging of ships of any proportion and good Merchandise for their fraught within a square of ten or foureteene leagues and it were no hard matter to proue it within a lesse limitation And surely by reason of those sandy clifts and clifts of rocks both which we saw so planted with Gardens and Corne fields and so well inhabited with a goodly strong and well proportioned people besides the greatnesse of the Timber growing on them the greatnesse of the Fish and the moderate temper of the aire for of fiue and forty not a man was sicke but two that were many yeares diseased before they went notwithstanding our bad lodging and accidentall diet who can but approue this a most excellent place both for health and fertilitie and of all the foure parts of the world I haue yet seene not inhabited could I haue but means to transport a Colony I would rather liue here then any where and if it did not maintaine it selfe were we but once indifferently well fitted let vs starue The maine staple from hence to bee extracted for the present to produce the rest is Fish which howbeit may seeme a meane and a base Commoditie yet who will but truly take the paines and consider the sequell I thinke will allow it well worth the labour It is strange to see what great aduentures the hopes of setting forth men of warre to rob the industrious innocent would procure or such massie promises in grosse though more are choaked then well fed with such hastie hopes But who doth not know that the poore Hollanders chiefely by fishing at a great charge and labour in all weathers in the open Sea are made a people so hardy and industrious and by the venting this poore Commoditie to the Easterlings for as
Yarmouth where they sell their fish for Gold and fifteene yeeres agoe they had more then an hundred and sixteene thousand Sea-faring-men These fishing ships doe take yeerely two hundred thousand last of fish twelue barrels to a last which amounts to 300000. pounds by the fisher mens price that 14. yeeres agoe did pay for their tenths three hundred thousand pound which venting in Pumerland Sprustia Denmarke Lefeland Russia Swethland Germany Netherlands England or else where c. makes their returnes in a yeere about threescore and ten hundred thousand pounds which is seuen millions and yet in Holland there is neither matter to build ships nor merchandize to set them forth yet by their industry they as much increase as other nations decay but leauing these vncertainties as they are of this I am certaine That the coast of England Scotland and Ireland the North Sea with Island and the Sound Newfound-land and Cape Blanke doe serue all Europe as well the land townes as ports and all the Christian shipping with these sorts of staple fish which is transported from whence it is taken many a thousand mile viz. Herring salt Fish Poore-Iohn Sturgion Mullit Tunny Porgos Cauiare Buttargo Now seeing all these sorts of fish or the most part of them may be had in a land more fertill temperate and plentifull of all necessaries for the building of ships boats and houses and the nourishment of man the seasons are so proper and the fishings so neere the habitations we may there make that New-England hath much aduantage of the most of those parts to serue all Europe farre cheaper then they can who at home haue neither wood salt nor food but at great rates at Sea nothing but what they carry in their ships an hundred or two hundred leagues from the habitation But New-Englands fishings is neere land where is helpe of Wood Water Fruits Fowles Corne or other refreshings needfull and the Terceras Mederas Canaries Spaine Portugall Prouaues Sauoy Sicillia and all Italy as conuenient markets for our dry fish greene fish Sturgion Mullit Cauiare and Buttargo as Norway Swethland Lâ—â—tuania or Germany for their Herring which is heare also in abundance for taking they returning but Wood Pitch Tar Sope-ashes Cordage Flax Wax and such like commodities wee Wines Oiles Sugars Silkes and such merchandize as the Straits offoord whereby our profit may equalize theirs besides the increase of shipping and Marriners and for proofe hereof In the yeere of our Lord 1614. you haue read how I went from London also the next yeere 1615. how foure good ships went from London and I with two more from Plimoth with all our accidents successes and returnes in the yeere 1616. ere I returned from France the Londoners for all their losse by the Turkes sent foure ships more foure more also went from Plimoth after I returned from France I was perswaded againe to goe to Plimoth with diuers of my friends with one hundred pound for our aduentures besides our charges but wee found all things as vntoward as before and all their great promises nothing but aire yet to prepare the voyage against the next yeere hauing acquainted a great part of the Nobility with it and ashamed to see the Prince his Highnesse till I had done some what worthy his Princely view I spent that Summer in visiting the Cities and Townes of Bristoll Exeter Bastable Bodnam Perin Foy Milborow Saltash Dartmouth Absom Tattnesse and the most of the Gentry in Cornewall and Deuonshire giuing them Bookes and Maps shewing how in six moneths the most of those ships had made their voyages and some in lesse and with what good successe by which incitation they seemed so well contented as they promised twenty saile of ships should goe with mee next yeere and in regard of my paines charge and former losses the westerne Commissioners in behalfe of themselues and the rest of the Company and them hereafter that should be ioyned to them contracted with me by articles indented vnder our hands to be Admirall of that Country during my life and in the renewing of their Letters-Patents so to be nominated Halfe the fruits of our endeuours to be theirs the rest our owne being thus ingaged now the businesse is made plaine and likely to prosper some of them would not onely forget me and their promises but also obscure me as if I had neuer beene acquainted in the businesse but I am not the first they haue deceiued There was foure good ships prepared at Plimoth but by reason of their disagreement the season so wasted as onely two went forward the one being of two hundred tunnes returned well fraught to Plimoth and her men in health within fiue moneths the other of fourescore tunnes went for bilbow with drie fish and made a good returne In this voyage Edward Rowcroft alias Stallings a valiant Souldier that had beene with me in Virginia and was with me also when I was betrayed by the French was sent againe in those ships and hauing some wrong offered him there by a French man he tooke him and as he writ to me went with him to Virginia with fish to trade with them for such commodities as they might spare he had not past ten or twelue men and knew both those countries well yet he promised me the next spring to meet me in New-England but the ship and he both perished in Virginia This yeere againe diuers ships intending to goe from Plimoth so disagreed there went but one of two hundred tunnes who stayed in the Country about six weeks which with eight and thirty men and boies had her fraught which she sold at the first penny for 2100. besides the Furres so that euery poore Sailer that had but a single share had his charges and sixteene pound ten shillings for his seuen moneths worke Master Thomas Diâ—m-ire an vnderstanding and industrious Gentleman that was also with mâ— amongst the French men hauing liued about a yeere in Newfoundland returning to Plimoth went for new-New-England in this ship so much approued of this Country that he staied there with fiue or six men in a little Boat finding two or three French men amongst the Saluages who had lost their ship augmented his company with whom he ranged the Coast to Virginia where he was kindly welcommed and well refreshed thence returned to New-England againe where hauing beene a yeere in his backe returne to Virginia he was so wounded by the Saluages he died vpon it let not men attribute these their great aduentures and vntimely deaths to vnfortunatenesse but rather wonder how God did so long preserue them with so small meanes to doe so much leauing the fruits of their labours to be an incouragement to those our poore vndertakings and as warnings for vs not to vndertake such great workes with such small meanes and this for aduantage as they writ vnto me that God had laid this Country open for vs and slaine the most part of the inhabitants by ciuill warres and a
weeke said It was but three daies since Sunday and desired to know the reason which when hee vndâ—rstood he and all of them admired the goodnesse of God towards vs shewing the difference betwixt their coniurations and our praiers and what stormes and dangers they oft receiue thereby To expresse our thankfulnesse wee assembled together another day as before and either the next morning or not long after came in two ships to supply vs and all their Passengers well except one and he presently recouered For vs notwithstanding all these wants there was not a sicke person amongst vs. The greater ship we returned fraught the other wee sent to the Southward to trade vnder the command of Captaine Altom So that God be thanked we desire nothing but what we will returne Commodities to the value Thus all men finde our great God he That neuer wanted nature To teach his truth that onely he Of euery thing is Author For this yeere from England is gone about fortie saile of ships only to fish and as I am informed haue made a farre better voyage then euer Now some new great obseruers will haue this an Iland because I haue writ it is the Continent others report that the people are so bruit they haue no religion wherein surely they are deceiued for my part I neuer heard of any Nation in the world which had not a Religion deare bowes and arrowes They beleeue as doe the Virginians of many diuine powers yet of one aboue all the rest as the Southerne Virginians call their chiefe God Kewassa and that wee now inhabit Oke but both their Kings Werowance The Masachusets call their great God Kiehtan and their Kings there abou ts Sachems The Penobscotes their greatest power Tantum and their Kings Sagomes Those where is this Plantation say Kiâ—htan made all the other Gods also one man and one woman and of them all mankinde but how they became so dispersed they know not They say at first there was no King but Kiehtan that dwelleth farre westerly aboue the heauens whither all good men goe when they die and haue plentie of all things The bad men goe thither also and knocke at the doore but he bids them goe wander in endlesse want and miserie for they shall not stay there They neuer saw Kiehtan but they hold it a great charge and dutie that one age teach another and to him they make feasts and cry and sing for plentie and victorie or any thing is good They haue another Power they call Hobamâ—ck which wee conceiue the Deuill and vpon him they call to cure their wounds and diseases when they are curable he perswades them he sent them because they haue displeased him but if they be mortall then he saith Kiehtan sent them which makes them neuer call on him in their sicknesse They say this Hobamock appeares to them somtimes like a Man a Deere or an Eagle but most commonly like a Snake not to all but only to their Powahs to cure diseases and Vâ—deses which is one of the chiefe next the King and so bold in the warres that they thinke no weapon can kill them and those are such as coniure in Virginia and cause the people to doe what they list For their Gouernment euery Sachem is not a King but their great Sachems haue diuers Sachems vnder their protection paying them tribute and dare make no warres without his knowledge but euery Sachem taketh care for the Widowes Orphans the aged and maimed nor will they take any to first wife but them in birth equall to themselues although they haue many inferior Wiues and Concubins that attend on the principall from whom he neuer parteth but any of the rest when they list they inherit by succession and euery one knowes their owne bounds To his men hee giueth them land also bounded and what Deere they kill in that circuit he hath the sore-part but it in the water onely the skin But they account none a man till hee hath done some notable exploit the men are most imploied in hunting the women in slauery the younger obey the elders their names are variable they haue harlots and honest women the harlots neuer marrie or else are widowes They vse diuorcement and the King commonly punisheth all offenders himselfe when a maid is maried she cutteth her haire and keepes her head couered till it be growne againe Their arts games musicke attire burials and such like differ very little from the Virginians onely for their Chronicles they make holes in the ground as the others set vp great stones Out of the Relations of Master Edward Winslow Now I know the common question is For all those miseries where is the wealth they haue got or the Gold or Siluer Mines To such greedy vnworthy minds I say once againe The Sea is better then the richest Mine knowne and of all the fishing ships that went well prouided there is no complaint of losse nor misery but rather an admiration of wealth profit and health As for the land were it neuer so good in two yeeres so few of such small experience liuing without supplies so well and in health it was an extraordinary blessing from God But that with such small meanes they should subsist and doe so much to any vnderstanding judgement is a wonder Notwithstanding the vaine expectation of present gaine in some ambition in others that to be great would haue all else slaues and the carelesnesse in prouiding supplies hath caused those defailements in all those Plantations and how euer some bad conditions will extoll the actions of any Nation but their owne yet if we may giue credit to the Spaniards Portugals and French writings they indured as many miseries and yet not in twenty yeeres effected so much nay scarce in fortie Thus you may see plainly the yeerely successe from New England by Virginia which hath beene so costly to this Kingdome and so deare to me which either to see perish or but bleed Pardon me though it passionate me beyond the bounds of modesty to haue beene sufficiently able to fore-see their miseries and had neither power nor meanes to preuent it By that acquaintance I haue with them I call them my children for they haue beene my Wife my Hawks Hounds my Cards my Dice and in totall my best content as indifferent to my heart as my left hand to my right And notwithstanding all those miracles of disasters haue crossed both them and me yet were there not an Englishman remaining as God be thanked notwithstanding the massacre there are some thousands I would yet begin againe with as small meanes as I did at first not that I haue any secret encouragement I protest more then lamentable experience for all their discoueries I haue yet heard of are but Pigs of my owne Sow nor more strange to me then to heare one tell me hee hath gone from Billingsgate and discouered Grauesend Tilbury Quinborow Lee and Margit which to
abroad Amoris a Salvage his best friend slaine for loving vs. The Discovery of Chickahamine Another proiect to abandon the country * Iehu Robinson and Thomas Emry slaine Captaine Smith taken prisoner The order they observed in then trivmph How he should haue beene slaine at Orapacks How he saued Iames towne from being surprised How they did Coniure him at Pamavnkee How Powhatan entertained him How Pocahontas saved his life How Powhatan sent him to Iames Towne The third proiect to abandon the Countrey A true proofe of Gods loue to the action Of two evils the lesse was chosen The Phoenix from Cape Henry forced to the West Indies Their opinion of our God Smith revisiting Bowhatan Powhatan his entertainement The exchaÌ„ge of a Christian for a Salvage Powhatant speech Differences of opinions Iames towne burnt A ship I dely loytering 14. weekes The effect of meere Verbalists A needlesse charge A returnâ— to England The rebuilding Iames Towne Sixtie appointed to discover the Monacans An ill example to sell swords to Salvages The Presidents weaknesse Smiths attempt to suppresse the Salvages insolencies Powhatans excuse A ship fraught with Cedar S ir Thomas Smith Treasurer A strange mortalitie of Salvages Russels Isles Wighcocomoco An extreame want of fresh water Their Barge neare sunke in a gust Cuskarawaock The first notice oâ— the Massawomeks Bolus Riuer Smithâ— speech to his souldiers The discouery of Patawomek Ambuscadoes of Salvages A trecherous proiect A myne like Antimony An aboundant plenty of fish How to deale with the Salvages Captaine Smith neare killed with a Stingray The Salvages affrighted with their owne suspition Needlesse misery at Iames towne The Salvages admire fire-workes An Incounter with the Massawomeks at the head of the Bay An Incounter with the Tockwhoghs Hatchets from the Sasquesahanocks The Sasquesahanocks offer to the English Pawtuxunt R. Rapahanock R. The exceeding loue of the Salvage Mosco Our fight with the Rapahanocks The Salvages disguised like bushes fight Our fight with the Manahaacks A Salvage shot and taken prisoner His relation of their countries * They cannot trauell but where the woods are burnt How we concluded peace with the foure kings of Monahoke How we became friends with the Rapahanocks The discovery of Payankatank A notable trechery of the Nandsamunds The fight with the Chisapeacks and Nandsamundâ— How they became friends The proceâ—ding at Iames Towne Powhatans scorne when his courtesie was most deserved No better way to overthrow the busines then by our instructors A consultation where all the Councell was against the President Capt. Smith goeth with 4. to Powhatan when Newport feared with 120. A Virginia Maske The Womens entertainement Captaine Smiths message Powhatans answer Powhatans Coronation The discovery of Monacan How the Salvages deluded Cap. Newport A punishment for swearing 3. Men better then 100. The Chickahamania's forced to contribution A bad reward for well-doing A good Taverne in Virginia A bad trade of the masters and saylers Master Scriveners voyage to Werowocomoco Nandsamund forced to contribution The first marriage in Virginia Apamatuck discovered The good counsell of Warraskoyack Plentie of victualls 148 Foules killed at three shootes Cap. Smiths discourse to Powhatan Powhatans reply and flattery Powhatan discourse of peace and warre Capt. Smiths Reply Powhatans importunity to haue vs vnarmed to betray vs. Cap. Smiths discourse to delay time till he found oportunity to surprise the King Powhatans plot to haue murdered Smith A chaine of pearle sent the Captaine for a present Pretending to kill our men loaded with baskets we caused them do it themselues Pocahontas bewrayes her fathers deceit to kill vs. The Dutch men deceiue Cap. Winne The Dutch men furnish the Saluages with Armes Smiths Speech to Opechancanough 700. Saluages beset the English being but 16. Smiths speech to his Company Smiths offer to Opechancanough Opecahncanoughs deuicâ— to betray Smith Smith taketh the King prisoner Smiths discourse to the Pamavnkees The Salvages dissemble their intent Their excuse and reconcilement The losse of Mr. Scrivener and others with a Skiff Master Wyffins desperate iourney Powhatan constraineth his men to be trecherous The third attempt to betray vs. A chayne of pearle sent to obtaine peace The President poysoned the offendâ—r punished The Salvages want and povertie The Dutch-men did much hurt An Apology for the first Planters The Presidents advice to the Company The Dutch-mens plot to murther Cap. Smith Smith taketh the King of Paspahegh prisoner Cap. Smith taketh two Salvages prisoners The Salvages desire Peace Okaning his Oration A Salvage smoothered at Iames towne and recovered Two or three Salvages slaine in drying Powder Great extremitie by Rats Bread made of dried Sturgeon Their desire to destroy themselues The Presidents order for the drones But seuen of 200 dyed in nine monethâ— The Salvages returne our fugitiues Master Sicklemores Iourney to Chawwonoke Master Powels iorney to the Mangoags The Dutch mens proiects Two Gentlemen sent to the Germans The first arriuall of Captaine Argall Note these inconveniences The alteratâ—on of the government S ir Thomas Smith Treasurer The losse of Virginia The Salvages offer to fight vnder our colours Mutinies The planting Nandsamund The breach of peace with the Salvages Powhatan bought for Copper Mutiniâ— Fiue suppresse an hundred and twentie Breach of peace with the Salvage at the Falleâ— An assalt by the Salvages The planting of Non-such The Salvages appeased Captaine Smith blowne vp with powder A bloudy intent The causes why Smith left the Countrey and his Commission The ends of the Dutch-men * Hindereâ—â— The planting Point Comfort The arriuall of Sir Thomas Gates Iames towne abandoned The arriuall of the Lord la Ware Sir George Sommers returne to the Bermudas The building Fort Henry and Fort Charles Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The Relation of the Lord la Ware 100. Kine and 200. Swine sent to Virginia Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The arriuall of Sir Thomas Dale His preparation to build a new towne Diuers mutinie suppressed The second arriuall of Sir Thomas Gates The building of Henrico The building the Bermudas Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Captaine Argals arriuall ☞ How Pocahontas was taken prisoner ☞ Seuen English returned from Powhatan prisoners Sir Thomas Dale his voyage to Pamavuke A man shot in the forehead Two of Powhatans sonnes come to see Pocahontas ☜ The mariage of Pocahontas to Master Iohn Rolfe Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer The Chicahamanias desire friendship Articles of Peace The benefit of libertie in the planters William Spence the first Farmer in Virginia Captaine Argall voyage to Port Royall Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer Master Hamars iourney to Powhatan His message to Powhatan Powhatans answer William Parker recouered From a letter of Sir Thomas Dale and Master Wâ—itakers Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer A Spanish Ship in Virginia Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer A digression The gouernment of Captaine Yeaâ—ley Twelue Saluages slaine twelue prisoners taken and peace concluded 〈◊〉 108 Eleuen men cast away A bad-presiders Pocahontas instructions A relation to Queene Anne of Pocahontas
called the most remarkable places in New England Aspersions against New England Captaine Hobson his voiage to Capawuk The Londoners send foure good ships to New England The situation of New England Notes of Florida Notes of Virginia Obseruations soâ— presumptuous ignorant directors The principall Countries or gouernments A proofe of an excellent clime Staple Commodities present Obseruations of the Hollanders Note Note Examples of the Altitude comparatiuely In Spaine In France In Greece In Asia Beyond the line The particular staple commodities that may be had by industry The nature of the ground approued The seasons for fishing approued Imploiment for poore people and fatherlesse children The facilitie of the Plantation Present Commodities Kermes Musquasseâ— Beuers Mines Woods An example of the gâ—â—â—s vpon euery yeere or six moneths returne A description of the Countrey in particular and their situations An Indian slaine another shot The land Markes Herbs and Fruits Woods Birds Fishes Beasts A note for men that haue great spirits and small meanes An example of secure couetousnesse The Authors conditions The Planters pleasures and profit Imploiments for Gentlemen Imploiments for Labourers Examples of the Spaniards The causes of our defailments The blisse of Spaine My second Voiage to New England The ground and plot for our plantation The meanes vsed to preuent it and nâ—c How I set saile and returned My reimbarkement encounter with Pirats and imprisonment by the French A double treachery A fleet of nine French men of war and fights with the Spaniard A prise of Fish A Scotch prise A prise worth 36000 crownes A prise worth 300000 crownes My escape from the French men What law I had My returne for England The successe of my Vice-Admirall M. Dâ—e his report The benefit of fishing as Mr Gentleman and others report The Records of Holland and other learned obseruers My sute to the Country My sute to the Citie Their first iourny by land Their first iourny by Shallop Accidents Their second iourney by water to finde a place to plant in Their first fight with the Saluages The description of their place to plant in Another Boy borne in New-England Their first Plantation Two faire Lakes Two men lost themselues in the woods Their first conference with a Saluage The second conference Their conditions of peace A iourney to Pakanoki A great courage of two old Saluages How the King vsed them A voyage to Nawsit They surprise the Saluages Notes and obseruations They liued two yeeres without supply Westons Plantation The death of Tusquantum Tusquantum at his death desired the English to pray he might go dwell with the English mens God for theirs was a good God They contriue to murder all the English The sicknesse of King Massasowat His cure by the English The Kings thankfulnesse A bad example Captaine Standish sent to suppresse the Saluages Two desperate Saluages slaine The Saluages ouer coâ—â—med An extreme drought A wonderfull blessing signe of Gods loue Forty saile sent to fish Their Religion Their Gouernment An answer to Obiections The ordinary voyage to goe to Virginia or new-New-England The obiections against me My answer Considerations The charge The order of the westerne men The gaines The effects of shipping The Popes order for the East and West Indies How to get money to build this little Nauy Contention for New-Englands goods not her good The necessity of martiall power The facility of the fishing lately obserued The present estate of the plantation at New-Plimoth 1624. Their order of gouernment
in the fleet thus they liued till one of them was found to be an Englishman and had been the Spaniards Pilot for England in 88. and hauing here induced some male-contents to beleeue his proiects to run away with a small barke which was apprehended some executed and he expecting but the Hangmans curtesie directly confessed that two or three Spanish ships was at Sea purposely to discouer the estate of the Colony but their Commission was not to be opened till they arriued in the Bay so that of any thing more he was vtterly ignorant One of the Spaniards at last dyed the othâ—r was sent for England but this reprieued till Sir Thomas Dale hanged him at Sea in his voyage homeward the Eâ—glish Pilot they carried for Spaine whom after a long time imprisonment with much â—â—te was returned for England Whilst those things were effecting Sir Thomas Dalâ— hauing setled to his thinking all things in good order made choice of one Master George Yearly to be Depuâ—y-Gouernour in his absence and so returned for England accompanied with Poâ—ahontas the Kings Daughter and Master Râ—lfe her husband and arriued at Plimmoth the 12. of Iune 1616. The gouernment left to Captaine Yearly NOw a little to commentary vpon all these proceedings let me leaue but this as a caueat by the way if the alteration of gouernment hath subuerted great Empires how dangerous is it then in the infancy of a common-weale The multiplicity of Gouernors is a great damage to any State but vncertaine daily changes are burdensome because their entertainments are chargeable and many will make hay whilst the sunne doth shine how euer it shall fare with the generality This deare bought Land with so much bloud and cost hath onely made some few rich and all the rest losers But it was intended at the first the first vndertakers should be first preferred and rewarded and the first aduenturers satisfied and they of all the rest are the most neglected and those that neuer aduentured a groat neuer see the Country nor euer did any seruice for it imploied in their places adorned with their deferrs and inriched with their ruines and when they aâ—e led fat then in commeth others so leane as they were who through their omnipotency doe as much Thus what one Officer doth another vndoth only ayming at their owne ends thinking all the world derides his dignity cannot 〈◊〉 is Coffeâ—s being in authority with any thing Euery man hath his minde free but he can neuer be a true member to that estate that to enrich himselfe beggers all the Countrie Which bad course there are many yet in this noble plantation whose true honour and worth as much scornes it as the others loues it for the Nobilitie and Gentrie there is scarce any of them expects any thing buâ— the prosperitie of the action and there are some Merchants and others I am confidently perswaded doe take more care and paines nay and at their continualâ— great charge than they could be hired to for the loue of money so honestly regarding the generall good of this great worke they would hold it worse than sacrilege to wrong it but a shilling or extort vpon the common souldier a penny But to the purpose and to follow the Historie Mr. George Yearly now inuested Deputie Gouernour by Sr. Thomas Dale applied himselfe for the most part in planting Tobacco as the most present commoditie they could deuise for a present gaine so that euery man betooke himselfe to the best place he could for the purpose now though Sir Thomas Dale had caused such an abundance of corne to be planted that euery man had sufficient yet the supplies were sent vs came so vnfurnished as quickly eased vs of our superfluitie To relieue their necessities he sent to the Chickahamanias for the tribute Corne Sir Thomâ—s Dale and Captaine Argall had conditioned for with them But such a bad answer they returned him that hee drew together one hundred of his best shot with whom he went to Chickâ—hamania the people in some places vsed him indifferently but in most places with much scorne and contempt telling him he was but Sir Thomas Dâ—les man and they had payed his Master according to condition but to giue any to him they had no such order neither would they obey him as they had done his Master after he had told them his authoritie and that he had the same power to enforce them that Dale had they dared him to come on shore to fight presuming more of his not daring than their owne valours Yearly seeing their insolencies made no great difficultie to goe on shore at Ozinies and they as little to incounter him but marching from thence towards Mamanahunt they put themselues in the same order they see vs lead by their Captaine Kissanacomen Gouernour of Ozinies so marched close along by vs each as threatning other who should first begin But that night we quartered against Mamanahunt and they passed the Riuer The next day we followed them there are few places in Virginia had then more plaine ground together nor more plentie of Corne which although it was but newly gathered yet they had hid it in the woods where we could not finde it a good time we spent thus in arguing the cause the Saluages without feare standing in troupes amongst vs seeming as if their countenances had beene sufficient to dant vs what other practises they had I know not but to preuent the worst our Captaine caused vs all to make ready and vpon the word to let flie among them where he appointed others also he commanded to seize on them they could for prisoners all which being done according to our direction the Captaine gaue the word and wee presently discharged where twelue lay some dead the rest for life sprawling on the ground twelue more we â—â—oke prisoners two whereof were brothers two of their eight Elders the one tooke by Sergeant Boothe the other by Robert a Polonian Neere one hundred bushels of Corne we had for their ransomes which was promised the Souldiers for a reward but it was not performed now Opechankanough had agreed with our Captaine for the subiecting of those people that neither hee nor Powhatan could euer bring to their obedience and that he should make no peace with them without his aduice in our returne by Ozinies with our prisoners wee met Opechankanough who with much adoe fained with what paines hee had pâ—ocured their peace the which to requite they called him the King of Ozinâ—s and brought him from all parts many presents of Beads Copper and such trash as they had here as at many other times wee were beholding to Captaine Henry Spilman our Interpreter a Gentleman had liued long time in this Countrie and sometimes a prisoner among the Saluages and done much good seruice though but badly rewarded From hence we marcht towards Iames towne we had three Boats loaded with Corne and other luggage the one