Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	cambridge_n	grow_v	willow_n	60	3	16.8431	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14059	The first and seconde partes of the herbal of William Turner Doctor in Phisick, lately ouersene, corrected and enlarged with the thirde parte, lately gathered, and nowe set oute with the names of the herbes, in Greke Latin, English, Duche, Frenche, and in the apothecaries and herbaries Latin, with the properties, degrees, and naturall places of the same. Here vnto is ioyned also a booke of the bath of Baeth in England, and of the vertues of the same with diuerse other bathes, moste holsom and effectuall, both in Almanye and England, set furth by William Turner Doctor in Phisick. God saue the Quene; New herball	Turner, William, d. 1568.	1568 (1568)	STC 24367; ESTC S117784	522,976	674

hath / nether what vertue it hath / nether what the Potecaries name it / nether the comon people Wherfore no man can learne of him how to find it againe / except a man wil go to the Phisiciane which sente him the herbe For the figure of an herbe maketh it not alone / but the qualities also that belonge thereto As with diuerse other learned Phisicianes / Matthiolus refuseth herbes hauing a conuenient figure / yet for lack of the vertues and qualitees that the herbe should haue with the figures / and will not suffer them to be taken for the herbes which other of lighter iudgemēt take thē to be only for the figure and fashions sake Wherfore I had leuer take Brooklime for Cepea / though it be not so like porceline as other be / because it is tried to heale scabbes as cepea of Dioscorides doth Amatus Lusitanus who taketh in hand to declare Dioscorides / beyng belyke more cunning in the Duche tonge / then in his oune / or ellis hauinge more helpe of the Duche writers / then of the Spanyards or Italians / giueth to Cepea nether any Spanish / nether Italian name / but a Duch name / and he calleth it in Duche wild purtzel But wild purtzel as Tragus a duch writer of herbes saith / differeth nothing from the gardin porcelain / but that it hath lesse leaues and floures / and rinneth and spedeth it selfe vpon the ground / when as the gardin porcelaine hath broader leaues groweth righter vp This wild purtzel did I finde thissame yeare in the montaines of Wissenburgh / a litle frō a vineyard / I am sure that it was a righte kind of porcelaine Then whē as Cepea is not in Dioscorides a kind of porcellain / but is only lyke porcellaine / Amatus giueth a wronge Duch name to Cepea Wherefore let not the Duche men gyue any credit vnto him in this matter The same maketh Telephium wild porcellaine / the third kinde of sedi wilde porcellain / and Cepeam wild porcellaine It is maruel that he that hath bene in so manye landes / and professeth to teache so manye names / in so many tonges can finde for thre diuerse herbes all differing in name one from an other / but one name which is in Latin Portula syluestris / which is named in duch Wild purtzel And in his enarration of Cepea / which is the 165. he sheweth no more but that this herbe groweth chefely about the sandye sea shores / where as the wild purtzel of the duche men groweth not as Fuchsius and Tragus in their Herballes beare witnes Wherefore his enarration is contrary vnto his nominatiō / of very smal effect / as the moste parte of al his enarrations be The Vertues of Cepea THE leaues dronken in wine / help the strangulion / and them that haue scabbes in their bladder / and that doth it chefelye / if it be taken in wine wherein the rootes of wild sperage is sodden Of Chamecyparissus CHamecyparissus is supposed of some men to be the herbe that we call Lauender cotton / whose opinion thought it is not worthye to be condemned with checkes Yet I found an other herbe in the mountaines aboue Bonne / whiche beynge in all poyntes muche more lyke a Cypres tree then Lauender cotton is me thynke that it is rather Chamecyparissus / it maye be called in English Heth Cypres / because it groweth among Heth / or dwarfe cypres This herbe that I speake of / is litle more then a span longe / and hath leaues as ye shall se in the picture very lyke to a Cypres tree / and litle knoppes in the toppe lyke vnto a Cypres nut / but some thing longer for their quantite / The leaues are plaine astringent withoute anye heate at al. This herbe groweth in a Heth beyond Bon / in the syde of a mountaine / but I neuer sawe it anye where ellis / sauinge there in all my lyfe Tragus calleth this herbe sabinam syluestrem / and Matthiolus writinge vpon sabine / sayeth that some in Italy are deceyued in the knowledge of the right sabine / and take this herbe for it He sayth also that he hath iudged this herbe to be Silago in Pliny / whiche he maketh like vnto sabine Nowe when as Dioscorides sayth that sabine is lyke cypresse / and diuers take this herbe for a kinde of sabine / and is but of a small height / me thinke I iudge not amisse / that this is Chamecyparissus / namelye / when as it hath astriction besyde the figure / lyke vnto Cypressus Matthiolus graunteth that Lauander cotton is in Dioscorides Abrotonum femina / and intreating of the cypres tree / sayeth that it is also Chamecyparissus Plinye / whiche I thynke can not be true / seynge that Plinye nether intreatinge of Abrotonum / calleth anye kinde of it Chamecyparissum / nether wheras he speaketh of Chamecyparissus / sheweth that it is also called Abrotonū / whiche maner he oft times kepeth / when one herbe hath many names Chamaecyparissus Chamaecyparissus Fuchsij The Vertues of Chamecyparissus THE herbe of Chamecyparissus / which maye be called ground Cypres or Heth cypres / dronken in wine / is good agaynst all poyson of all serpentes and scorpiones / other properties I finde in no autoure of this herbe / wherefore I dare not geue vnto it al the properties of the Cypres tree / as some men do / because it hath some qualitees lyke Cypres tree / hath the name of Cypres tree / and this worde Chame / which betokeneth by the grounde or lowe / for as Chamemelum hath the name of Chame and melon / and one qualite of an appel / that is to witte / the smelle / and yet hath not the nature of an appel And as chame daphne / which hath the name of chame and daphne / that is a lowe bay tree / and hath leaues lyke a bay tree / and yet hath not the vertues of a bay tree euen so it foloweth not / that because Chamecyparissus hath the name of chame cyparissus / whiche is a Cypres tree / and hath some qualitees of the cypres tree / that whatsoeuer properties the cypres tree hath / that chamecyparissus shall haue thesame / thys therfore haue I gyuen you warninge of / to rede all newe writers with iudgemente / and to trye their saynges before ye put them in practise Of Germander GErmander / whiche is also called in Cambridge shyre Englishe Triacle / is called in Greke Chamedris / in Latin / Trissago / in Duche Germanderlen / in French Gelimandre It is called of the Potecaries Chamedrios Germander groweth in rockes of Germanye / ouer agaynst Binge / besyde Erenfels / and in the mountaines of Wissenburgh In Englande I sawe it no where / sauinge onelye in gardines It is hote and drye in the thirde degre / it is a litle bushe / of a span hygh and more / and

mightelye both other thinges that nede scouringe / and also the frekelles with vinegre The leues also hauing lyke qualitie / are good for freshe woundes / and grene sores / and the lesse drye they are / the bitterer do they ioyne together / and close vp woundes For those thinges that are drye / are hoter then that they can be conuenient for woundes Some ther be of that beleue / that they thinke if chese be couered with dragon leues / that they preserue it from corruption by the reason of their drye complexion The fruyt is mightier then the roote and the leues The iuyce scoureth awaye the disease of the eyes Of Dryopteris DRyopteris hath the name of an Oke a Fern / and groweth in Okes. Dioscorides describeth Dryopteris thus Dryopteris groweth in the mosse of olde Okes lyke vnto a brake / but not so much cut or iagged in the leues It hath rootes wounde one with an other / rough and astringent / and tarte in taste / turning somthing into swetenes The herbe whiche ye se here intitled with the name of Dryopteris / draweth nerest vnto the description of Dryopteris of anye herbe that I knowe Howebeit / besyde diuers other thinges / there be two thinges that make me thinke that it should not be the perfite Dryopteris one is it that groweth in walles with maydens heyre / and in manye bushe rootes / and chefely of them that are in darke laynes / and not in the mosse of olde oke trees The other is that I can not finde the vertue that Dioscorides speaketh of that / to pull of here and to putrefye Manye haue vsed this herbe for the true Adiantum / and namelye the Potecaries of Louan when as I was there It is proued by experience that this herbe is verye good for the stone / ether with wine / or with almone milke made with maydens heyre Of Wallwurte WAlwurt is named in English also Danwurte / in Greke Chameacte / in Latin Ebulus / in Duche Attich / in Frēch Hieble Walwurt is a great deal lower then Elder is / more like an herb / it hath a foursquared stalk ful of iointes / the leues are like vnto the leues of an almond tre / but longer / grow certain spaces goyng betwene aboute euery iointe stretched furth standinge oute like two winges / Ebulus one agaynst an other / indented and stinkinge It hath a spoky or a bushy top as Elder hath / lyke floures and fruyte The roote is longe as great as a finger Walwurt groweth much about Cambridge / and in many other places of England / and also in manye places of Germany Howbeit I coulde neuer se the stalke in any place as yet vnsquared Notwithstandinge I knowe well that it is the true Ebulus or walwurte The vertues of Walwurte ELder and Danwurt haue al one strenght and one vertue to dry vp / they draw water furth of the belly / are euel for the stomache The leues are sodden like wurtes to draw oute choler fleme The tender stalkes sodden in pannes or dishes / bringe thesame thinge to passe The roote boyled in wine gyuen in meate helpeth the dropsy After the same maner dronken / it is good for the bytinges of viperes The broth of it softeneth the mother if a woman sit in it It letteth also the winde go furth of thē / amendeth the fautes of thē The berries dronken in wine / are of thesame effect If they be layde to / they make blacke heyre If the leues beyng as yet tendre softe be layd to after the maner of a pultes / they swage an inflammation and hote burning They are good to be layd vnto burned places / to the places that are bitten of dogges They drawe together the woundes that gape and become a fistula The leaues are good for the goute if they be layd to with bulles talow or gotes swete Of Smallage Elioselinon ELioselinon after the translation of Theodore / is called in Latine Paludapium / in Englishe Smallage or Marche / in Duche Eppich And the Potecaries haue longe called this herbe in Latin apium / but vniustlye / for apium is not Smallage / but Perselye / which thinge I haue sufficiently proued / where as I haue written of perselye Dioscorides writeth that Elioselinon is greater then apium is / and that it groweth in moyst places / wherof it hath the name I haue sene it growe oft times by brook sydes in a certain Iland of East Freseland / called Nordenye / by the seasyde The sauour of smallage is a great dele stronger worse sauoringe then perselye is / and diuerse practicioners holde that the herbe both smelled and eaten / is ieperdous for them that are in danger of that fallinge sycknes For it maketh them fall streyght waye that haue smelled or eaten of it / as they reporte The vertues of Smallage DIoscorides writeth that persely smallage ar al of one vertue strēght Howbeit for the cause aboue rehersed / I wold aduise mē rather to vse persely thē smallage If that ye be desyrous to know the hole properties of perselye / and there shal ye finde the properties of smallage But although Persely be lesse hurtful then smallage is / yet ther are good writers that hold that euen the leues of persely also are euel for them that haue the fallinge sicknes Of Heth. Irica Heth. IRica is called in Greke Erice / in English Heth hather / and Ling / in Duche Heyd / in Frenche Bruyer Irica sayth Dioscorides is a busshy tre lyke vnto Tamarisk / but muche lesse / of whose floures bees make noughty honye Dioscorides calleth Ericam a tre / which is rather so named for the formes sake then for the hyghte / for it neuer ryseth vp vnto the length and hyghnes of a tre Pliny in the xv chapter of the forsaide boke wryteth that Erica groweth in woddes / which I coulde yet neuer se in any such plentye as in playne groundes and wilde feldes and some hilles For our heth groweth in playnes and in wild groundes / and in moyste places / and vpon som wodles hilles The hyest heth that euer I saw / groweth in Northumberland / which is so highe that a man maye hyde him selfe in it The vertues of Heth. BOth the smal leaues and floures heale bytinges of serpentes Galene writeth that the floures and leaues are moste chefely to be vsed / whiche haue pour by ventinge oute or transpiration maketh rype and digesteth I rede in Paul Egineta / among the receytes which are made agaynst the diseases of the milt oft tymes mention of Heth. Wherfore seyng that both Dioscorides setteth nexte vnto tamarisk heth who vseth to set herbes of lyke fashion and propertie together and Paule Eginete vseth it with tamariske I thinke that it is much better to vse it for tamarisk / then Quickboome / otherwyse called rountre or Quickentre / seyng Quickboom hath no

the diseases of that gowt / that sciatica the disease / the kidnes It hurteth the stomake the hert / wherfore if ye take it inwarde / you must take it wyth rosed honye / or wyth rose leaues / wyth fenell sede and anyse sede The floures of browme sodden in the quantite of thre drames in whaye or in mede / purge as the sede doth Ye may take more or lesse accordinge to the strenghe of the pacient Browme is hote and drye in the seconde degree Of Gentian Gention GEntian is called in Greke Gētiane / and in Englishe Gentian / in Duche Entian / in Frēche / de la Gentiane Gētius the kynge of the Illyrians was the first fynder of this herbe / whiche he of his name called Gētian the leaues whiche growe about the rote / are lyke the leaues of a walnut tree / or the leaues of plantayne / and they are som thinge rede in the part whiche is aboue the middes of the stalke / they are somthinge iaged The stalke is smothe and emptie wythin / of the thicknes of a mans finger / full of ioyntes / at euery ioynt come out leaues It is som tyme two cubites high it hathe a brode lyght sede / in litle vesseles / som thinge rowghe or chaffye lyke vnto the sede of the herbe called Spōdilion The rowte is lyke vnto that rowthe of longe Aristolochia / it is thicke and bitter / and it growethe in that hyghe toppes of montaynes in shadowe and waterishe places I haue sene it in the alpes growinge betwene Italy and Germany / it groweth also plenteously in many places of highe Germanye as they tolde me that sawe it ther. The vertues of Gentiane THe vertue of the roote is hetinge and byndynge together If it be dronkē in the quantite of ij drames wyth peper rue and wyne / it helpeth the bytinge of serpentes A drame of the iuice helpeth the syde ake / them that are brused wyth a fall / the places that are bursten and shronke together It is good for thē that haue the disease of the liuer and stomake / if it be dronkē wyth water If the rote be conueniently layed to the naturall place of conception / it helpethe wemen more easely to brynge fourth ther childer It is also good for woundes / it is also a remedy against sores that eate inwarde and make depe holes The iuice is good for the same purpose The same is good or to anoynt sore eyes whych that are inflāmed The rote scowreth away the frekilles and soul spottes I haue sene som make a lee or an asshy water of the rotes of Gentian / wherwyth they toke out spottes very well out of clothes The roote is muche vsed in suche compositiones as are made against poysones and venomes Geranium I. Pinke nedle Geranium alterum Cranes bill Geranium III. Geranium IIII. Geranium V. Geranium VI. Of Pinke nedle and Cranes bill GEranium after Dioscorides / hath leaues like vnto Anemone / but the cuttynge is ferther in and deper / the rowte is somthinge rounde and swete when it is eaten This kynde is called in Englishe / Pinke nedle or starkis byll The secōde kynde of Geranium hath a small rowghe stalke a fote and a halfe lōge / and it hath leaues lyke vnto a Mallowe in the high toppe of the herbe / or thinges lyke Cranes heades / ther billes are lyke dogges tethe The vertues of Geranion A Drame of Geranium dronkē wyth wyne / driueth away and scattereth the wyndenes of the mother The later wrytters haue founde that these kindes of Geraniū are good for woundes for many other thinges that Dioscorides maketh no mention of / but I do not make mētion therof / because I dowt whether they haue suche properties or no / as they geue vnto them Of Ciues Getion GEtion is called in Englishe a Cyue or a Ciuet or a Chyue / the Duche men call it Brißelauch schnitlauch / it is called in Frēche cyues Ciuons / it is called in Latyn Cepa Pallacana / Fuchsius hath erreth muche in takinge of this herbe for Porro sectiuo / and meny other haue erred with him / for this herbe is not of the kynde of lekes / but of the kynde of an vnion / for it hath hollow rownd leaues of an vnion / not the brode leaues of a leke / but that herbe whiche is called in Latin / Porrū sectium / is called in Englishe / Frēche / leke / and is well knowen both in Cambridge in London and in many other places of Englande by that name / and that hath the very leafe of the comē leke / sauinge it is smaller / and that leke groweth not by seede / but by the rote as in the description of the leke I shal more plētuouslye declare Thus herbe groweth not in Englande that I know out of gardēs / but in Germany it groweth wilde by the Renis syde a litle from Bonne / where as I haue sene it in plentie The vertues of Getin YF ye be desyrous to know the vertues of synes or sweth / loke in the chapter of vnyons / and ther ye shal fynde them hole at the lest in the thirde degre / for it hath the same propertie that vnyons hath / sauinge that they are som thynge greater hoter as experiēce doth teche vs / and Pliny doth say also / whereas he calleth a cyne a vnion / that it is fit for to make sauce of Of Auenes Geum Auenes GEum is called in Englishe Auenes / in Duche benedictē kraut / in Frenche salmondes / it is named of the herbaries / Gariophillata / Sana mūda / benedicta Geū sayth Pliny hath lytle smal blacke rotes well sauorynghe / more cōcerninge the descriptiō of Geum / can I not fynde in any auncyent wryters / the leafe of Auenes is depelye cutt iagged / and it is rowgh / and blackishe / grene in a maner after the fassiō of Agriony / the stalke is rownde / all hery rowgh / the flower is yelowe / and in forme lyke a litle eye / when the flower is gone / ther ryseth vp a great knop all full of lytle rownde thinges lyke berryes of a purpell color The vertues of the herbe called Geum PLini wryteth that Geum doth not onely heale and take away the payne of the brest and of the syde / but also taketh awaye rawnes wyth his pleasant tast The vertues of Auenes out of the later wryters THe cōmen propertie and vse of this rote is suche / that if men put it in to wyne / that it maketh it pleasant both in smellinge taste Many new wryters holde that wyne wherin the rote of this herbe is steped / refresseth the harte and maketh it merrie / that it openeth / the stoppinge of the lyuer / that it helpeth the stomake whiche is hurt with colde grosse humors / the wyne also wherin

more out in breath and som vse the leaues for perfumes the other hath leaues lyke Tamarisk I haue sene both these kindes in Germany / and the one plenteously in Englande / that is the lesse / and the greater I saw in Wormes in Germany in a preachers gardin The vertues of Sauin THe leaues of both the Sauines staye and stop woundes that sprede for a brode and consume fleshe as they go / and if they be layed to / they swage inflammationes Also if they be layed to with honye / they scoure awaye blacknes and filthines / and they burste carbuncles But if they be dronken with wine / they dryue blood by the vrine / and dryue furth also the byrth the same thynge will they do if they be layed to / or ministred in a perfume / they vse to be menged with heating oyntmentes / and namely wyth the oyntment called vnguentum gleucinum Sabina Out of Galene SAuin is of the nombre of them that drye myghtely / and that accordinge vnto thre qualites / whiche it sheweth in taste lyke vnto the Cypres tre / but that it is more bitinge / and as a man woulde saye more spicye or better smelling therfore it hath the qualite that I spake of / that is a byting sharpnes / standing in an hote complexion and bitternes / and a darcker or more vnfelable binding / then the cypresse tre hath for in asmuche as it excedeth in that / so more myghtely doth it make rype / and therefore it can not glew together woundes / for the strenght of the drynes / and the heate that it hath / for it hath so much of both the qualites / that it doth stretche out and bringe inflammation or burning it may as well be occupyed aboute rottenes as the Cypres maye / speciallye when they are stronger and longer / for these without anye auoyance can abyde the strenght of medicines it louseth or dissolueth carbuncles This is a medicine that is hote in the thyrd degre / and drye in the same / and hath verye subtil partes / and for that cause it is put in to oyntementes Some vse to put twyse as muche of it in the stede of one parte of Cinnamuni for if it be dronken / rypeth and maketh fyne and subtil Of the elder tre and of the bushe called Vual worte or Daynwurt Sambucus SAmbucus is called in Grek Akti / in English Elder or Bourtre / in Duche Holder / or Hollēder / in Frēch Sus or Suin Ther ar two kindes of Acte / sayeth Dioscorides / the one is called Acke / and it riseth vp into the fashion of a tre / and thys is named in English Elder / and it stretched out twigges like redes rounde / som thing hollow / somthing whytish lōg / there growe iij. or iiij leues together by certayn spaces goyng betwene / lyke the Walnut tre leaues of stinkinge sauor / and more indented in the top of the stalkes or bowes are round shaddowye clusters / hauing whyte floures / a fruyt lyke the Turpentin tre / somthing purple in black / full of berries / ful of iuyce / and of wine The other kinde is called in Greke Chameacte / and in Latin Ebulus / in English Wallwurte or Daynworte / and in Duche Attich This is low lesse / and more like an herbe / and it hath a foure squared stalke / parted with many ioyntes / the leaues grow with certayn spaces goyng betwene / hanging about euery ioynte after the maner of fethers / lyke vnto the leaues of an almonde tre / indented roundaboute / but longer / euell smellinge / with a shaddowy clustred top lyke the other kind / and euen so a floure a fruyt It hath a long rout / of the bignes of a mannes finger thus far Dioscorides Besyde these two kindes / I founde the third kind growinge in the alpes with rede berries / in other poyntes lyke vnto the former kind called Elder The vertues of Elder BOth the kindes haue one propertie / and serue for one purpose / they dry and dryue water / and are euell for the stomack / the leaues sodden and eaten as an eatable herbe / dryue out choler / and thynne fleme / and the yong stalkes sodden in a pot do the same The root sodden in wyne / and geuen in before meat / helpeth the dropsey if it be dronken after the same maner / it is good for them that are bitten of the viper / the same sodden in water / if a woman sit ouer it / it softeneth the mother and openeth it / and it amendeth suche hurtes as are commonly about it the fruyt dronken with wine / doth the same the same layd to / maketh the heyre black The tendre and freshe leaues / swage inflammaciones layd to emplasterwise with perched barley / and they are good for burning and the bitinges of dogges the same glewe together hollowe sores that gape after the maner of a fistula they are also good for them that haue the gout / if they be layd to with bulles tallowe or gote buckes swet Of the willow or Sallow tre Salicis primum genus Salicis alterum genus Salicis tertium genus SAlix is named in Grebe Itia / in English a Wyllowe tre or a Sallow tre / in the Northren speache a Saugh tre / in Duch / Ein weiden baum / in Frenche vn Saulge Salix as Columella writeth is deuided in to two principal kinds the one is called perticalis / the other is called viminalis Perticalis Salix is the great willow tre / which hath long rodes growing on it Viminalis is an oyster tre / such as bryng furth roddes / that baskattes ar made of Viminalis is of diuers sortes The first is called Salix greca / the second gallica the thyrde Sabina Salix greca which is yelowe in color / groweth much in East Fresland about a cytye called Anrik Salix gallica which hath rede twigges / groweth in many places of Englande and Germany also Salix sabina which is also called amerina / groweth onely in Italy and in East Fresland / so far as I haue founde hetherto The vertues of the willow tre THe sede / the leaues and the barke / and the iuyce of the willowe tre haue poure and vertue to binde together The leaues broken and with a litle pepper dronken in wine / are good for the Iliaca passio / or the gnawing of the small goutes The sede broken / is good for them that spitte blood / the barke is good for the same purpose the same barke burned knoddē with vinegre / layd to emplasterwise / taketh awaye harde lumpes / litle swellinges like nayle hedes The iuyce of the leaues and the barke / made hote in the pill of a pomgranat with rose oyle / healeth the ake of the eares / the broth of the same is good to bathe goutye places

infuse from v. ʒ vnto xx CHEBVLI The vertues of Kebuli KEBVLI purge fleme / increase a mans reason and vnderstandinge / and helpe the memorye / and stoppe the rewme / they scoure the stomach and strenghten / it quickeneth the eye sight and other senses / and are good for the dropsey and old agues The ponder of the Indianes and the Kebuli maye be taken from ij ʒ to iiij ʒ / the broth of the infusion of them maye be takē from iiij ʒ vnto xx but he that taketh them / must not take them whiles the North winde bloweth / and must eat no fishe The sodden broth of these do stoppe more then the infusion / whiche is onelye pressed out without sethinge Of the black Mirobalanes THE black Mirobalanes purge oute Melancoly burnt choler / they are good for trimbling / sadnes / the lepre / the quartaine / such other deceases as rise of melancoly They are also good to make the color of the skinne liuelye The hurtes of the Mirobalanes and helpe of the same AND because all these kindes of Mirobalanes do lightlye stoppe the vaynes and lyuer and other places / cleue vnto the filmes of the stomach / and guttes / and hurte them with their wringkles / they are not to be geuen vnto them that are muche geuen vnto stoppinge / but vnto other they maye be geuen with those medicines or herbes that driue vrine / or they maye be infused in whaye / and so taken / or in the iuyce of fumitorye / or with Rubarbe / or Agarike / or Spiknarde If they be steped and rubbed in rose oyle / or the oyle of swete Almondes / or violet oyle / or with swete Almondes / or swete rasines or broken with their streyninge / or hony / or taken with Cassia / Manna / Tamarindes / or with the conserue of Violettes / or if they be taken with any other softeninge medicine / they soften the stomache and the guttes / that is purge gentlye and slide thorow as sliperye and cleue no more to the guttes / nether make anye wrinkles there The vertues of Emblike Mirobalanes THE Emblikes are somthinge colde and drye in the firste degre / they scoure the stomache of rotten fleme / and they strenghthen it and the brayne / the sinewes / the hart / the liuer / and other louse partes by binding them together agayne / and therefore they are good for the trimblinge of the harte / they stere vp an appetite / they stoppe vomiting / they staye and hold doune madnes / they increase or at the least helpe the reasonable pour of the soule They slake the notable heat of the bowelles and the thirst that commeth thereof The measure of takinge of them is from one aureo / that is a dram / and the viij parte of a dram vntill thre / in the infuse they are taken from iij. aureis vntill sixe Of bellerick Mirobalanes BEllerick Mirobalanes are cold in the first degre / and drye in the seconde Their chefe properties are to comfort and to strenghten Auerrois writeth that they purge choler The same quantite is to be taken of these that is taken of Emblike Mirobalanes Of the Fen shrub or bushe called Gall. THere is a shorte bushe that groweth in the Fenne / whiche is called in Duche in Netherland / Gagel / in Cambridge shyre Gall / in Summerset shyre Goul or Golle / of the Apothecaries in Englande and lowe Duchlande / Mirtillus / although it be no kinde of Myrtus / but onlye because the leaues are well smellinge and are lyke vnto the leaues of wild Myrtus / sauinge that they are shorter and rounder / and blunter at the ende As far as I can perceyue / oure Apothecaries haue vsed the leaues of this bushe / for the leaues of the righte Myrtus But they erre / for the properties are not all one For the gall is hote in the ende of the second degre / and farther it is so very wel smelling and meruelous bitter / and notable astringent or bindinge But Galene writing of the right Myrtus / sayth it is made of contrary substances / but the colde erthlye propertye ouercommeth the other It hath also a subtile propertye that is hote / by reason whereof it dryeth Wherefore the one can not be well vsed without error / for the other although they agre in manye poyntes The Westfalians vse to put the leaues / buddes and floures of Gall for it hath no fruyte as the Myrtus hath into beare / and it maketh it haue both a good taste and a good smell / and for a nede it wil serue in the stede of hoppes But I woulde aduise that either hoppes should be mixed with it / or els Rosmarye / Calamint or Chamepitis called Groundpine / or suche other lyke openinge herbes or sedes / as are the sedes of Fenel / Caroway / or Anise It is tried by experience that it is good to be put in beare / both me and by diuerse other in Summersetshyre Of the nutte of Inde Nux Indica THE nutte of Inde is called in Latin Nux Indica / it is so bigge as a good halfe pinte in receyuinge of Licore / in figure like a Melon / but sharper at the endes / and especial at the one ende The outer barke is of a rede coloure turninge towardes blacke / somthinge harde tough / with a wollise nature within / whiche groweth hard together / and when it is hard rubbed with handes / it is lyke heares / vnder that is a hard shell as hard as horne / thresquare It hath a kernel within it of the bignes of a goose egge / hollow within / the substance thereof is fat of the thicknes of halfe a figge of a swete taste / and like butter They are most commended that haue much of a Licor within them like water / for by that it is knowen that they are new and freshe The vertues and complexion of the nutte of Inde THE nut of Inde is hote in the seconde degre as the Italianes write / and moiste in the firste But in them that I haue tasted / I haue found no such heat / if it be eaten / although it engendre not an hurtful iuyce / yet they trouble the stomake somthinge It encreaseth sede / and stereth men to the worke of procreation of childer The oyle that is pressed out of the Indiane nut / is good for the payne of the emrodes / specially menged with the oyle of peches The same is good for the ache of the knees and sciatica / if they be anoynted therewith / and it killeth wormes Of the nutte called the vomitinge nutt / and of the nut of Methel THE vomitinge nut and the Methel are not in al poyntes vnlyke But yet is there great difference betwene them Matthiolus writeth that the flat nuttes like litle cheses which haue ben solde hytherto for vomitinge nuttes are nuttes methel / and they that haue bene hytherto

broth or iuyce of it / it wil driue away the inflammationes or hote burninges of Vuula / squinansy and of the iawes The pouder is good for old sores / for it drieth them vp and healeth them quickly Hierom Bock geueth almoste all the fornamed vertues vnto the distilled water of the herbe / and sayth also that it is good for the stomach and mother / and other partes that haue the skinne of / and brede gnawinges in a mannis body But I set more by the iuyce / broth / and pouder of the herbes / then I do by their waters Of the roote called Setwal / or Zedoaria I Haue not yet spoken with anye man / nether rede any mannis booke of this age / that hath sene Setwal grene / wherefore we can not describe it But because we haue the roote / we can iudge somthinge of it both by taste and the workinge of it / and by bokes of elder writers that haue written of it The vertues of Setwal out of the Arabianes SEtwal or Zedoaria is of a certein natural propertye and not elemental / maketh a man fat / and withstandeth poyson and venome / and therfore it is good against napellū / and many vse to put it into diuerse kindes of triacles And if a man eat of it after vnyons and garleke / it taketh the smell of them awaye / as it taketh also the smell of wine awaye It breaketh grosse winde / and healeth the bytinges of venemous beastes / and it stoppeth the belly It resolueth or melteth awaye grosse empostemes and swellinges / and speciallye them that are in the mother It stoppeth perbreakinge / and is good for a windye colyke Of Rosa solis ROsa solis is a litle small herbe that groweth in mossey groundes and in fennes and watery mores with a brode hory thinge in the toppe / it groweth not aboue the height of thre or foure fingers height The vertues of Rosa solis OVR English men now adayes set very muche by it / and holde that it is good for consumptious and swouning / and faintnes of the harte / but I haue no sure operience of this / nether haue I red of anye olde writer what vertues it hath / wherefore I dare promise nothing of it Of the Coweslippe A Coweslippe is named in the Herbaries Apothecaries Latin herba paralysis there are two kindes of them / the one is redder yelow then the other / the other paler / they differ also in smel / for the one smelleth better then the other / the one is called in the West contre of some a Cowislip / the other an Oxislip / they are both call in Cambridge shyre Pagles There are some grene Cowislippes some dubbel / tripel and quadrupel that grow in gardines / but they differ not in kinde from the other / of the same kinde is our prinrose / which I neuer saw grow in any place / sauing in England East Freseland ij cold contrees / be like it wil not grow in hote countrees / and of al them that hither to hath written of herbes / no man that I do remember hath mention of this kind / nether set out anye figure of it / sauing only Rembertus / and a Barnet of Swigerlandt / in the boke called the garden of Germanes / who writeth that it groweth in the toppe of a cold mountayne in his countrey Ruellius calleth our two kind of Cowislip Verbascum and Phlomides but Matthiolus bringeth reasones against him that they are not Phlomides he saith that our Cowislip is called in Latin Primula veris which name we geue more iustly to oure prinrose / which commeth furth a great while before the Cowislip The Germanes call the Cowislip Schlussel blumen / because they haue a great sort of floures like keyes / growing together in the top of the littel stalke The vertues of Cowislip out of Tragus / Fuchsius / and Matthiolus Tragus THE floures of Cowislip conserued in sugar / and also the stilled water ther of / are very good for thē that are weke very low brought by consumption of long sicknes / also for them that haue the hole palsey / and for them that sounde oft / they saye that this is knowen by experience / it hath a singuler property to comfort the hart The floures and leaues of Cowislip brused and layde to / are good against the bitings of venemous beastes / they swage swellinges / they heale also woundes / both if the water be poured vpon them / and also if the leafe be brused laid vpon them Tragus sayth that the water of Cowislippes layde to a mannis heade / swageth the ache thereof / if it come of a hote cause / that he saith to be knowen by experience Some weomen springkle the floures of Cowislip with whyte wine / and after still it and washe their faces with that water to driue wrinkles away / to make them fayre in the eyes of the worlde rather then in the eyes of God / whom they are not afrayd to offende with the scluttishnes / filthines / and foulnes of the soule Fuchsius THE later writers geue these properties to the two kindes of Cowislip / they are good to be broken brused / laid to the ioyntes that ake / the stoppinge of the bladder and kidneis is taken away by the vsing of the rootes of these The iuyce of these herbes is good to be takē in / and also to be layd with out vpon broken bones / and them that are out of ioynt / they bind very littel / and they are bitter / and a littel byting in taste / by which properties they can not fully bringe to passe that the practitioners saye they can do without the helpe of other herbes / in heling of bone and displaced membres / yet they may wel inough drye vp and scoure away / which properties Galen geueth vnto his Verbasculis The Herbaries of oure time saye that they are hote and dry / and the weomen that would be fayre / and labor to encrease their bewtie / washe their faces with the iuyce of the floures of them Matthiolus THE later writers holde that this herbe hath the vertue to swage the ache of the iointes / they do also commend the broth of the rotes to be good for the stone of the kidney also of the bladder / They saye also that the iuyce of them both dronken inwardly / layd to without / is good for broken bones suche as are out of ioynt / they say also that if they be soddē with sage mergerum / their broth is good against the cold diseases of the sinewes the brayne / wherfore they are very good to be geuen to be dronken vnto them that haue the palsey / or any num or tremble member The water of the floures of Cowislippes is good to be dronken of them that sound / when as the body is very feble weke / for as the experimentores do saye they comfort the hart wonderfully / the floures are good to be layd to the striken of scorpiones feldspiders / for they easelye scatter awaye the swellinges dissolue them The leues or the floures brused / will heale woundes / the stilled water that is out / if the hole herbe is good for the heade ache / Matthiolus confirmeth it that Tragus and Fuchsius wrote before / concerning the propertie that Cowlip water hath to make faire faces Of the Holye tre THE tre which is called commonly in England Holy / in some places Holme / and in other places Huluer / is iudged to be Aquifolium in Latin or Agrifolium of Theophrastus to be named Crateagonon and of some Paliurus whatsoeuer men iudge it to be / it is not certenelye knowen as yet what it is / but because it hath one good propertye in Phisicke / I will not passe ouer it wtout making of some mention of it The vertues THE broth of the barkes of the roote are very good to be sodden for them that haue had their iointes or members out of ioynte / and haue waxed hard thereafter For it softneth and resolueth / and driueth awaye swellinges / sodoreth together broken bones Other properties that this tre hath / I know none / sauing that the barke is good to make byrd lime of / and the bowes are good to swepe kynyes withal / and the stades are good baytes to entyse felde fares to come to lymeroddes / when as all other berries are eaten vp in the woode / this tre is called in Duche Wald distelen / and Stech palmen If any be desyrous to make byrd lime of the barkes / they may lerne it of me which haue made it oft tymes after this manner About Midsommer I pill of the barkes / and strayt way seth them a good while / and then I pull of the outtermost rind / and lay them in a moyst corner / or digge them in the earth or a dunghill / and within eight or ten dayes / I take them out agayne / and bray them or bete them in a morter as smal as is possible / and then I washe them in a running streame / or if I can not come by that in other cold water vntill the vnbeaten peces of the barkes be fallen awaye / and the reste become lyme FINIS

kindes of Anemone As the common herbe maye be a bastarde kinde of Anemone / and namelye of that / which hath 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 / that is / thin or small rootes and many / so it that Bockius setteth oute / semeth to me to be a kinde Papaueris erratici The vertues of Anemone THey haue both a bytinge and a sharpe qualite The iuyce of the roote of them / poured into ones nose / purgeth the heade The roote chewed in the mouth bringeth furth watery fleme The same sodden in swete wyne / and layd to / healeth the inflammations of the eyes and it healeth the scarres and dymnes of the same It scoureth awaye fylthye sores The leaues and stalkes / if they be eaten wyth a tysan / bringe milke to the brestes / and bringe doune a womannes sicknes / if they be layd to the place in woll If lepres be anointed therewith / it scoureth them awaye Of Dyll DYll is named in Greke Anethon / in Latin Anethum / in Duche Dyll / in Frenche Anet Dyll groweth a cubyt hyght / and some tyme halfe a cubyte hygher / It hath manye small braunches comminge furth of a greate stalke / wyth a verye small leafe and longe / muche lyke Greneheres / wyth a yelow floure / and a brode sede / wyth a spokye top as fenell hath / whome he doth represent wounders nere Of Dyll The vertues THe broth of the leaues and sede of dry Dyll dronkē / bringeth make to the brestes / it stauncheth gnawinges in the belly / and wind in the same It stoppeth also the belly and vomiting / it prouoketh vrine / swageth the hichkoke / dulleth the eye sight / and oft dronken stoppeth the sede It is good for wemen to sit ouer it in water / which haue the diseases of the mother The ashes of the sede of thys herbe layd to / after the maner of an emplaster / take awaye the hard lompes and knoppes that are aboute the fundament or in other places Dyll as Galene sayth swageth ake / prouoketh slepe when it is grene / and maketh rype rawe humores The oyle that is made of Dill / is good to be gyuen vnto them that are werye in winter / for it softeneth and moysteth / and it is good for them that are sycke of an ague that commeth of smal fleme / and for all diseases that come of a colde cause Dyll is hote in the beginning of the fyrste degree / and drye in the beginninge of the seconde Of Anyse ANyse is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Anisum / in Duche Aniß / in Frenche Anise The lefe of Anise / when it commeth fyrst furth / is round / and indented about / afterward it is lyke vnto Parsely / hygh vp in the stalke / it hath a floure and a top lyke fenell / it groweth onely in gardins in England Galene sayeth that Anyse is hote and drye in the thyrde degree but thys that we vse / is not so hote wherefore I suspect that there is a better kinde / then is commonly brought vnto vs to be solde Howbeit in the meane season we must vse thys / which appeareth to me scarsely hote in the beginning of the second degree The vertues of Anyse ANyse heteth and drieth / maketh the breth sweter / swageth payne / maketh a man to pisse well / it quencheth the thurst of them that haue the dropsye It is good against the poyson of bestes / and agaynst winde It stoppeth the bellye and the whyt floures / it bringeth milke to the toppes / it stirreth men to the pleasure of the bodye / it swageth the hede ake / the smoke of it taken in at the nose / the same poured into the broken eares with rose oyle / heleth them The best is it that is newe / not full of drosse / but well smelling The best commeth out of Candye / and the next is brought out of Egypte Of Pety whine Anonis Pety whine PEtye whine / or ground whine / or litle whine is called in Latin and Greke Ononis and Anonis It is called of the common herbaries Resta bouis / Remora aratriacutella / of the Duch Stall kraut / or Hawhekel / of the Frenche Burgraues In Cambridge shyre this herbe is called a Whine / but I putt pety to it / to make difference betwene this herbe / and a fur whiche in manye places of Englande is also called a Whine Petye Whine hath busshye stalkes of a span length / and longer with manye ioyntes lyke knees wyth manye holow places / betwene the leues and stalke like arme holes / wyth litle round heades and litle leaues / thinne as Lentilles be / drawinge nere in lykenes vnto the leues of Rue or of wilde Melliote / some thinge rough / and not wythout a good sauoure It is layd vp in bryne / before it hath prickes / and is afterwarde good for meate The braunches are full of sharpe and stronge prickes The roote is whyte and hote / and suche as is able to make humours thinne that are thicke The vertues THE barke of the rootes of grounde whyn / dronken wyth wyne / prouoketh vrine / and breaketh the stone it byteth awaye the vtter moste cruftes of sores / and the broth of the same in vinegre and honye / swageth teth ake / if the teth be wasshed therewyth The roote of thys herbe / is in a maner hote in the thyrd degree / after the minde of Galene / in the boke of Simple medicines Of Camomyle Anthemis ANthemis / otherwyse called Chamemelū / conteyneth vnder it thre kindes / whiche onelye differ in the colour of the floure The braunches are a span longe / all bushye with manye places lyke arme holes / betwene the stalke and the braunches / The braunches are thinne / small and many / the litle hedes are round with yellow floures in the middes / and aboute that rounde head ether whyte floures stand in order or purple or yelow / about the greatnes of the leaues of Rue The fyrste kinde of Camomille is called in Greke Lecanthemon / in Englishe Camomyle / in Duche Romisch Camillen The Pothecaries in Germanye call this kinde Chamomillam Romanam This herbe is scarse in Germanye / but in Englande it is so plentuous / that it groweth not onelye in Gardines / but also eyght myle aboue London / it groweth in the wilde felde / in Richmonde grene / in Brantfurd grene / and in most plenty of all / in Hunsley heth The second kind is called in Greke Chrysantemon I haue sene this herbe in hygh Germany in the feldes / but neuer in Englande that I remembre It maye be called in English / yelow Camomille The thyrde kinde is called in Greke Heranthemon Diuerse thinke / that Heranthemon is the herbe / whiche is called of the Herbaries Amarisca rubra / and of oure Countre men / Rede math / or Red madewede The thing that semeth to let this herbe to be

Plini / where of I will show certayn Latin names / compare them with our Englishe peares and Duche peares / as well as I can Pyra super ba / that is to say / proud peares / are litle and sonest rype / and these are called in Cambridge / midsummer peares Falerna pira haue theyr name sayeth Pliny of drinck / because they be ful of iuice These are called in som places watery peares / or moyst peares Dolobelliana are the peares that haue the long footstalkes I remembre not how they be named in England Fauoniana are rede peares / a litle bigger then the midsummer peares Autumnalia pira / that is the peares of the autumne / whiche beginneth in the Septembre / are pleasant with a sour tast Volema wherof Virgil maketh mention in the second boke of hys Georkes or husbandry / in thys verse Crustumijs Syrijsque piris grauibusque nolemis They are named also of Cato / as Pliny writeth / sementina and mustea These because they are very heuy as Virgil sheweth / and very greate / as theyr name betokeneth / for they seme to haue theyr name of Vola / that is the holow place or loof of a mannis hand / because they be as big as a man can grype in the palm or loofe of his hande These are comenly called in English wardens / if they haue a bynding / and be rede / when as they ar rosted / and indure vnto Marche or February It appeareth that they haue theyr name of long keping / for warden in Duche / from whēce our English came / is to kepe Serotina pira / are they that hang vpon theyr mother vntil winter / and wexe rype with the frost These are partely our wardenes / and partely other long during peares / which are called in Duch winter biren / and they may be wel called in English / winter peares Pliny maketh mention of diuerse other sortes of peares / whereunto because I can not compare any of our peares / I thinke it best to passe thē ouer in silence / leste I should talke of such thinges / as I haue no perfit knowledge of The vertues of pere trees and peares out of Dioscorides THer ar many kindes of peares / al ar binding for the cause they ar vsed to be put into emplasters / which stop the course of humors that rin to any place The broth of dried peares / stop the bellye They ar euel if they be eaten fasting the iuice of the peare tre leaues / is good for the biting of venemus bestes Wild peares ar more stoppyng and byndyng / then the gardin peares ar An so lykewyse ar theyr leues more byndyng The asshes of the Peare tree / ar good agaynst the stranglyng that commeth of todestooles or mushrummes And when as wilde Peares ar sodden with toodstoles they will not hurt them that eat them Out of Aetius THe leues and twigges of the Pear tre / ar byndyng an tarte The fruite hath a certayn waterishe swetenes / where by a man may learn to know that the complexion of it is not a like / in all partes The Peares ar good for the stomack / quenche thyrste / if they be taken in meat But when as Peares ar put in to emplasters they drye and coull mesurablely / so that I know that a wound was healed there by Out of the Arabianes GReat Peares haue more streingthe or vertu then litle Peares haue / And Peares norish more then quinces do A syrope made of the iuice of Peares stoppeth the isshue of choler / or cholerik flix And they make skin in the stomack if it be gone of Peares of theyr propertie that they haue / brede the colike Therefore they that eat Peares / must drynk wyne sodden with hony and spices or any good hypocras made of wyne sugar and other warme spices Vnryp Peares ar colde and drye But rype Peares ar temperat / in a mean betwene heat and cold / or they bow a litle to coldnes Peares that ar very swete as Rasis writeth cool not / neuerthelesse they bynde all But if they be taken after meat / they help to dryue furthe it that is in the guttes / but yet for all that / they stopp afterwardes Out of the Phisiciones of Salern Adde pyro potum nux est medicina ueneno Fert pyra nostra pyrus sine uino sunt pyra uirus Cum coquis antidotum pyra sunt sed cruda uenenum Cruda grauant stomachum releuant pyra cocta grauatum Post pyra da potum post pomaque uade cacatum that is / After Peares drynk a walnut / is a remedy agaynst poyson Our peartre bryngeth furth Peares / but peares ar poyson with out wyne When as thow sethest Peares / they ar a triacle / or preseruatiue but raw / they ar poyson Raw Peares burden the stomack / but rosted or sodden / relefe lighten the stomak After Peares gyue drynk / but after apples go to the stool Out of Symeon Sethi PEares ar colde in the first degre / and drying in the second But they that ar sweter / and ripe / they haue som parte of heate and moysture But they that haue a menged nature / whether they be swete and byndyng / or sourish / or whether they haue a litle drynes / if they be taken before meat / they stopp the belly If a man fill hym self with peares of tymes / they brede the colik / but they ar good for hote stomackes The granes that ar found in Peares / of a certayn propertie that they haue / ar good for the kydnees Of the oke tre Quercus ALlthoughe quercus in Latin be the tre which is called in English an Oke tre / or in the North countre an Eike tre / in Duche ein Eichbaum / yet 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greke / and glans in Latin are comon vnto many mo trees then vnto the oke and to his fruite For dris is comon vnto diuers kindes of trees / as Dioscorides Theophrast beare witnes And balanos is comon to al their fruites / and so is glans comon vnto many fruites of trees / firste to the fruite of the oke and to the fruit of roboris / esculi / cerri suberis For all these trees bryng furth glandes / and are called in Latin / arbores glandifere But none of all these grow in England / sauinge only the oke whose fruite we call an Acorn / or an Eykorn / that is the corne or fruit of an Eike Som make two kindes of okes / the one that beareth only akornes / and oke apples And an other kind / that is much lesse as they saye then the comon oke / that we vse comonly to bylding of houses I haue not sene any galles in Englād growing vpon oke leues But I haue sene them growing vpon oke leues / not only in Italy / but also in very great