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1008._o which_o fall_v under_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o same_o king_n which_o be_v there_o report_v to_o have_v pass_v under_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o wiseman_n both_o spiritual_a and_o lay_v in_o which_o say_v last_o ordinance_n this_o one_o thing_n for_o this_o purpose_n be_v worthy_a of_o observation_n that_o whereas_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o law_n all_o the_o act_n be_v say_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o king_n and_o his_o wiseman_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laiety_n 94._o it_o be_v also_o suppose_a that_o the_o senatus_fw-la consultum_fw-la de_fw-la monticolis_fw-la walliae_fw-la be_v in_o this_o king_n time_n the_o title_n be_v consultum_fw-la quod_fw-la angliae_fw-la sapientes_fw-la &_o walliae_fw-la consiliarij_fw-la de_fw-la monticolis_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la lamb._n 94._o in_o all_o the_o body_n and_o process_n of_o the_o law_n each_o statute_n say_v thus_o and_o it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o his_o wiseman_n so_o as_o it_o 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or_o if_o it_o be_v the_o hand_n be_v always_o upon_o the_o hilt_n ready_a to_o draw_v it_o again_o so_o unwilling_a on_o the_o one_o part_n be_v the_o english_a man_n to_o take_v the_o yoke_n and_o more_o that_o rather_o their_o obedience_n be_v to_o be_v compel_v than_o their_o opinion_n to_o be_v consult_v and_o so_o haughty_a on_o the_o other_o part_n be_v the_o norman_n victor_n that_o to_o be_v call_v a_o englishman_n be_v in_o their_o eye_n a_o great_a contumely_n and_o reproach_n his_o son_n william_n also_o do_v rather_o pretend_v in_o word_n some_o release_n of_o the_o former_a austerity_n in_o government_n than_o perform_v it_o in_o deed_n and_o experience_n but_o his_o other_o son_n the_o first_o henry_n that_o ever_o reign_v here_o do_v not_o only_o at_o his_o coronation_n promise_v restitution_n of_o st._n edward_n law_n as_o we_o call_v they_o but_o also_o deliver_v out_o his_o free_a charter_n of_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o same_o in_o which_o as_o m._n paris_n report_v 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the_o king_n himself_o have_v a_o high_a court_n of_o justice_n wherein_o it_o seem_v that_o he_o sit_v in_o person_n for_o the_o word_n be_v let_v he_o not_o seek_v the_o king_n and_o last_o that_o the_o same_o court_n of_o the_o king_n do_v judge_v not_o only_o according_a to_o mere_a right_n and_o law_n but_o also_o after_o equity_n and_o good_a conscience_n for_o first_o the_o word_n be_v unless_o he_o can_v find_v right_o at_o home_n by_o which_o it_o be_v permit_v that_o then_o he_o may_v use_v to_o go_v to_o the_o king_n for_o right_n second_o again_o if_o that_o right_o be_v too_o heavy_a then_o let_v he_o seek_v to_o the_o king_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o it_o be_v mean_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n mitigate_v by_o the_o conscience_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o after_o this_o order_n and_o in_o these_o two_o sort_n of_o court_n be_v all_o justice_n administer_v until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n the_o conquerourâ—_n during_o who_o reign_n 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be_v now_o occupy_v you_o shall_v perceive_v that_o they_o be_v but_o as_o it_o be_v so_o many_o branch_n spring_v up_o out_o of_o that_o one_o tree_n or_o stream_n derive_v from_o the_o same_o spring_n and_o sountaine_n for_o let_v pass_v those_o court_n of_o the_o country_n which_o i_o have_v already_o touch_v also_o those_o other_o small_a court_n of_o record_n that_o be_v in_o city_n and_o town_n corporate_a sayr_n pipowder_n of_o pie_n and_o powldre_n that_o be_v dusty_a foot_n because_o it_o be_v for_o traveller_n to_o the_o sayr_n yea_o and_o the_o pipowder_n court_n itself_o that_o last_v no_o long_a than_o the_o fair_a all_o our_o high_a cours_n at_o this_o day_n be_v either_o court_n of_o right_a and_o law_n or_o else_o of_o equity_n and_o conscience_n as_o they_o then_o be_v although_o they_o now_o require_v another_o subdivision_n than_o they_o then_o have_v and_o that_o if_o you_o will_v may_v be_v this_o the_o court_n of_o law_n do_v either_o handle_v civil_a or_o 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that_o have_v ordinary_a resort_n and_o jurisdiction_n the_o court_n of_o conscience_n be_v these_o first_o the_o chancery_n open_a to_o all_o man_n at_o all_o time_n second_o the_o court_n of_o the_o request_n that_o do_v hear_v only_o the_o suit_n of_o poor_a man_n and_o of_o the_o prince_n servant_n three_o the_o chancellor_n court_n that_o be_v within_o the_o exchequer_n and_o four_o two_o council_n which_o former_o be_v establish_v the_o one_o in_o wales_n and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o north_n country_n both_o consist_v of_o precedent_n and_o council_n now_o take_v away_o which_o be_v like_a unto_o those_o which_o in_o france_n be_v call_v parliament_n as_o i_o say_v before_o but_o now_o to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v the_o more_o evident_o appear_v how_o and_o by_o what_o degree_n of_o increase_n these_o many_o court_n have_v spring_v out_o of_o that_o one_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o history_n of_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n where_o i_o 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which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o have_v this_o commandment_n to_o the_o party_n quod_fw-la sit_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la meis_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la and_o not_o coram_fw-la i_o vel_fw-la justiciis_fw-la meis_fw-la as_o the_o former_a form_n in_o glanvill_n be_v and_o thus_o begin_v the_o court_n which_o because_o it_o have_v power_n over_o common-plea_n we_o now_o call_v the_o common-place_n about_o this_o time_n also_o or_o not_o long_o after_o some_o other_o court_v of_o justice_n be_v likewise_o open_v britton_n the_o book_n call_v britton_n as_o it_o may_v partly_o appear_v by_o henry_n bracton_n but_o more_o plain_o by_o john_n britton_n which_o follow_v immediate_o after_o he_o for_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o this_o john_n britton_n then_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n who_o name_n mr._n bale_n in_o his_o century_n or_o his_o printer_n mistake_v and_o call_v bekton_n be_v singular_o learn_v in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n do_v at_o the_o commandment_n of_o that_o king_n and_o in_o his_o name_n compile_v a_o book_n now_o imprint_v and_o name_v britton_n in_o the_o beginning_n whereof_o he_o do_v vide_v all_o jurisdiction_n thus_o first_o that_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v sovereign_a jurisdiction_n above_o all_o other_o in_o his_o realm_n to_o judge_n in_o all_o cause_n whatsoever_o second_o that_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o king_n house_n have_v the_o place_n of_o the_o king_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n within_o the_o verge_n and_o that_o the_o justice_n in_o erie_n have_v like_o authority_n in_o every_o county_n once_o in_o 7._o year_n three_o that_o the_o justice_n which_o follow_v the_o king_n wheresoever_o he_o go_v and_o sit_v in_o his_o place_n have_v conusance_n of_o erroneous_a judgement_n appeal_n and_o other_o matter_n of_o the_o crown_n four_o that_o the_o coroner_n of_o the_o household_n have_v his_o proper_a power_n within_o the_o verge_n and_o that_o he_o and_o other_o have_v the_o order_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n throughout_o the_o realm_n five_o that_o sheriff_n coroner_n hundredors_n burgess_n sergeant_n and_o beadle_n have_v and_o so_o have_v their_o court_n within_o each_o of_o their_o particular_a limit_n six_o that_o justice_n be_v continual_o at_o westminster_n have_v power_n over_o common_a pleas._n seven_o that_o the_o exchequer_n at_o westminster_n have_v authority_n concern_v the_o king_n debt_n and_o feed_v and_o all_o thing_n incident_a thereunto_o and_o last_o that_o other_o justice_n have_v the_o charge_n of_o assize_n of_o the_o deliverance_n of_o gaol_n in_o every_o county_n forasmuch_o as_o after_o this_o distribution_n of_o power_n to_o hold_v plea_n thus_o make_v some_o of_o these_o court_n will_v not_o contain_v themselves_o within_o their_o appoint_a limit_n but_o seek_v to_o enlarge_v their_o authority_n by_o usurp_a jurisdiction_n that_o be_v appropriate_a to_o other_o 5._o articuli_fw-la super_fw-la chartas_n ca._n 3_o 4_o 5._o the_o same_o king_n do_v by_o parliament_n hold_v in_o the_o xxviii_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n confirm_v that_o great_a charter_n for_o ever_o and_o in_o certain_a article_n as_o he_o do_v call_v they_o set_v forth_o upon_o the_o say_a charter_n do_v then_o by_o like_a authority_n of_o parliament_n enact_v that_o they_o of_o the_o exchequer_n shall_v not_o take_v knowledge_n of_o any_o common_a plea_n that_o the_o seneschal_n or_o steward_n and_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o king_n household_n shall_v not_o have_v plea_n in_o hear_v of_o trespass_n keeper_n seneschal_n os_fw-la sein_fw-fr a_o house_n and_o scale_v skilful_a so_o steward_n of_o stow_n a_o place_n and_o wear_v a_o keeper_n contract_n and_o covenant_n make_v within_o the_o verge_n and_o the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n now_o the_o upper_a bench_n shall_v follow_v he_o wheresoever_o he_o go_v to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v always_o have_v man_n about_o he_o that_o be_v able_a to_o deliver_v law_n to_o such_o as_o shall_v require_v it_o hitherto_o as_o you_o see_v there_o be_v no_o express_a mention_n in_o britton_n either_o of_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n the_o constable_n court_n or_o the_o chancery_n and_o therefore_o it_o remain_v that_o we_o labour_v to_o find_v out_o from_o whence_o they_o also_o fetch_v their_o beginning_n and_o that_o shall_v we_o the_o more_o easy_o do_v if_o we_o give_v heed_n to_o this_o that_o britton_n have_v already_o open_v for_o he_o leave_v the_o sovereign_a jurisdiction_n of_o all_o cause_n in_o the_o king_n 718._o the_o admiralty_n the_o british_a and_o saâ—on_a king_n have_v their_o chancellor_n as_o etheldred_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n 978_o edw._n the_o confessâ—â—_n have_v reâ—nbâ—ld_n for_o inâ—â—â—_n chaâ—â—â—lor_n edgâ—â—_n have_v aâ—uâ—ph_n and_o â—â—ded_a and_o edmund_n have_v turkâ—ull_a and_o kâ—ag_n atheâ—stone_n have_v wolfaid_n for_o his_o chancellor_n cook_n 4._o inst_z â—_o 97._o and_o ethel_n baâ—d_v have_v turketill_o for_o his_o chancellor_n about_o 718._o so_o that_o whatsoever_o the_o king_n have_v particular_o the_o iver_v out_o to_o other_o his_o justices_z commissioner_n and_o delegate_n that_o still_o remain_v in_o himself_o and_o be_v exercise_v either_o by_o himself_o in_o person_n or_o by_o his_o chancellor_n councillor_n of_o a_o state_n and_o justice_n of_o law_n that_o continual_o attend_v on_o he_o for_o that_o service_n and_o therefore_o first_o concern_v the_o admiralty_n i_o think_v that_o the_o decision_n of_o marine_a cause_n be_v not_o put_v out_o of_o the_o king_n house_n and_o commit_v over_o to_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o admiral_n until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o whereunto_o i_o be_o lead_v partly_o and_o then_o after_o this_o subscription_n of_o he_o and_o his_o queen_n and_o of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o abbot_n one_o renibaldus_n be_v name_v cancelarius_fw-la and_o in_o the_o end_n of_o all_o after_o the_o date_n of_o the_o chreme_a it_o be_v write_v thus_o siwardus_fw-la notarius_fw-la ad_fw-la vicem_fw-la renibaldii_fw-la regiae_n dignitatis_fw-la cancellarii_n hanc_fw-la cartam_fw-la scripsi_fw-la &_o subscripsi_fw-la the_o next_o year_n after_o this_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n give_v by_o another_o charter_n to_o the_o same_o abbey_n sundry_a land_n in_o exchange_n for_o windsor_n the_o which_o king_n edward_n have_v bestow_v on_o they_o and_o in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o grant_n he_o likewise_o say_v ego_fw-la willielmus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n rex_fw-la &_o dux_n normannorum_fw-la atque_fw-la princeps_fw-la cenomannorum_fw-la hoc_fw-la scribi_fw-la precipi_fw-la &_o scriptum_fw-la hoc_fw-la signo_fw-la deminicae_fw-la crucis_fw-la †_o confirmando_fw-la stabilivi_fw-la nostraeque_fw-la imaginis_fw-la sigillo_fw-la insuper_fw-la assignari_fw-la curavi_fw-la and_o then_o in_o order_n as_o before_o it_o follow_v ego_fw-la mauritatus_fw-la regis_fw-la cancellarius_fw-la favendo_fw-la relegi_fw-la &_o sigillavi_fw-la hereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o office_n of_o the_o chancellor_n then_o be_v at_o the_o first_o to_o make_v and_o seal_v the_o instrument_n that_o pass_v from_o the_o prince_n and_o this_o i_o call_v his_o original_a duty_n because_o it_o can_v credible_o be_v show_v of_o any_o history_n as_o i_o think_v that_o ever_o there_o be_v in_o england_n any_o of_o seal_v of_o writing_n or_o mention_n of_o the_o name_n of_o chancellor_n before_o the_o day_n of_o this_o edward_n who_o have_v spend_v agreat_a part_n of_o his_o age_n in_o normandy_n first_o bring_v the_o use_n of_o the_o seal_n from_o thence_o into_o this_o nation_n chancellor_n see_v before_o of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o chancellor_n and_o with_o it_o i_o suppose_v the_o name_n of_o chancellor_n in_o who_o time_n also_o leofricus_n the_o britain_n be_v the_o first_o chancellor_n i_o find_v name_v for_o that_o we_o learn_v of_o the_o norman_n our_o manner_n of_o seal_v ingulphus_n the_o abbot_n of_o croyland_n which_o come_v out_o of_o normandy_n hither_o in_o the_o train_n of_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n assure_v we_o write_v thus_o normancii_n cyrographorum_fw-la confectionem_fw-la cum_fw-la crucibus_fw-la aureis_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la signaculis_fw-la sacris_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it formari_fw-la solitam_fw-la in_fw-la cerae_fw-la impressionem_fw-la mutant_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o name_n of_o he_o that_o keep_v the_o seal_n come_v out_o of_o france_n also_o it_o may_v be_v probable_o conjecture_v both_o by_o the_o word_n which_o we_o find_v near_o to_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o the_o french_a than_o of_o the_o latin_a and_o also_o by_o the_o office_n it_o self_n which_o have_v be_v exercise_v in_o france_n under_o the_o same_o name_n and_o nature_n that_o we_o use_v it_o ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o charlemaigne_n at_o the_o least_o and_o so_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o chancellor_n do_v bear_v this_o name_n and_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o king_n seal_n and_o writing_n both_o before_o and_o in_o
may_v not_o be_v put_v off_o to_o show_v cause_n from_o day_n to_o day_n which_o rather_o increase_v trouble_n and_o charge_n than_o either_o further_v the_o suit_n for_o the_o hear_n or_o benefit_n the_o party_n in_o their_o cause_n which_o thing_n whether_o it_o may_v be_v more_o couvenient_a than_o the_o present_a manner_n of_o motion_n i_o will_v leave_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o such_o as_o have_v more_o wisdom_n to_o devise_v and_o power_n to_o execute_v and_o will_v sum_v up_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o court_n and_o make_v a_o end_n the_o court_n of_o the_o duchy_n or_o county_n palatine_n of_o lancaster_n which_o be_v by_o a_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o a_o commissioner_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o grant_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o 205._o the_o court_n former_o call_v the_o duchy_n court_n the_o jurisdiction_n whereof_o be_v now_o commit_v to_o a_o commissioner_n or_o commissioner_n county_n palatine_n of_o lanc._n erect_v in_o parliament_n 50_o e._n 3._o and_o justice_n of_o assize_n gaol_n delivery_n and_o of_o the_o peace_n have_v be_v since_o the_o erection_n of_o it_o cook_n lib._n 4._o f._n 204._o 205._o who_o first_o give_v that_o duchy_n to_o his_o son_n john_n of_o gaunt_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o such_o royal_a right_n as_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n have_v and_o forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v afterward_o extinct_a in_o the_o person_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o four_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o union_n of_o it_o with_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o same_o king_n know_v himself_o more_o rightful_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n than_o king_n of_o england_n determine_v to_o save_v his_o right_n in_o the_o duchy_n whatsoever_o shall_v befall_v the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o he_o separate_v his_o duchy_n from_o the_o crown_n and_o settle_v it_o so_o in_o the_o natural_a person_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v no_o king_n or_o politic_a body_n at_o all_o in_o 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the_o usurpation_n of_o richard_n the_o three_o lib._n this_o court_n be_v in_o be_v before_o 28_o e._n 3._o cook_n lib._n that_o sometime_o the_o king_n and_o his_o counsel_n and_o sometime_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n and_o other_o great_a personage_n do_v use_v to_o sit_v judicial_a in_o the_o place_n then_o and_o late_o call_v for_o that_o it_o be_v deck_v with_o certain_a stats_n the_o star_n chamber_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o be_v like_o that_o assembly_n be_v not_o ordinary_a therefore_o the_o next_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o and_o his_o son_n henry_n the_o 8_o take_v order_n by_o two_o several_a law_n that_o the_o chancellor_n assist_v with_o other_o there_o name_v shall_v have_v power_n to_o hear_v complaint_n against_o reteinors_n embracery_n misdemeanour_n of_o office_n and_o such_o other_o offence_n which_o through_o the_o power_n and_o countenance_n of_o such_o as_o do_v commit_v they_o do_v lift_v up_o the_o head_n above_o other_o fault_n and_o for_o the_o which_o inferior_a judge_n be_v not_o so_o meet_v to_o give_v correction_n and_o because_o that_o place_n be_v before_o time_n dedicate_v to_o the_o like_a service_n it_o have_v ever_o since_o also_o be_v so_o use_v until_o it_o be_v take_v away_o in_o the_o late_a king_n charles_n his_o reign_n request_n the_o court_n of_o request_n the_o court_n of_o the_o request_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o i_o say_v with_o the_o chancery_n take_v beginning_n by_o commission_n from_o king_n henry_n the_o 8._o before_o which_o time_n the_o master_n of_o the_o request_n have_v no_o warrant_n of_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n 97._o this_o court_n have_v no_o warrant_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o prescription_n to_o establ_v shit_z cook_n lib._n 4._o fol._n 97._o but_o travail_v between_o the_o prince_n and_o petitioner_n by_o direction_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o king_n the_o same_o king_n also_o establish_v one_o court_n of_o precedent_n and_o counsel_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n 34._o &_o 35._o h._n 8._o car._n the_o court_n of_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n and_o that_o of_o the_o north_n part_n be_v take_v away_o in_o the_o late_a k_o ch._n his_o reign_n anno_fw-la 17._o car._n and_o another_o like_a court_n of_o precedent_n and_o counsel_n in_o the_o north_n part_n which_o court_n in_o wales_n be_v a_o court_n of_o law_n in_o its_o principal_a jurisdiction_n although_o it_o do_v withal_o exercise_v other_o power_n of_o equity_n by_o virtue_n of_o other_o several_a commission_n that_o do_v accompany_v the_o same_o and_o the_o court_n of_o york_n be_v in_o its_o principal_a jurisdiction_n equity_n and_o do_v exercise_v other_o power_n by_o virtue_n of_o other_o commission_n ward_n court_n of_o ward_n the_o court_n of_o ward_n begin_v about_o the_o 32th_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 8_o who_o also_o in_o the_o next_o year_n after_o add_v thereto_o the_o office_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o livery_n and_o withal_o conjoin_v the_o name_n ordain_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v call_v the_o court_n of_o his_o ward_n and_o livery_n the_o same_o king_n likewise_o have_v erect_v one_o court_n of_o the_o general_a surveiour_n of_o his_o land_n and_o one_o other_o of_o the_o augmentation_n and_o revenue_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o a_o three_o court_n of_o the_o first_o fruit_n and_o tithe_n of_o benefice_n but_o all_o these_o be_v afterward_o dissolve_v and_o by_o queen_n mary_n unite_v to_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n thus_o have_v run_v along_o these_o court_n derive_v they_o from_o the_o crown_n i_o may_v proceed_v yet_o further_o to_o show_v the_o original_n and_o beginning_n of_o some_o court_n erect_v by_o the_o late_a parliament_n and_o the_o nature_n and_o beginning_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o justice_n that_o be_v erect_v in_o westminster_n hall_n anno_fw-la 1648._o but_o they_o be_v so_o fresh_a in_o the_o memory_n of_o this_o age_n i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o make_v mention_n thereof_o finis_fw-la