â—ame_n as_o of_o other_o black_a canon_n with_o the_o distinction_n of_o a_o double_a red_a cross_n upon_o the_o breast_n of_o their_o cloak_n or_o upper_a garment_n the_o endeavour_n of_o these_o religious_a for_o the_o regain_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n after_o the_o loss_n of_o jerusalem_n come_v to_o nothing_o their_o land_n revenue_n and_o privilege_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o maturine_n or_o friar_n of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o holy_a trinity_n for_o the_o redemption_n of_o captive_n who_o be_v institute_v by_o s._n john_n de_fw-fr matta_n and_o felix_n de_fw-fr valois_n about_o a._n d._n 1200._o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o pope_n innocent_n iii_o who_o give_v they_o white_a robe_n with_o a_o cross_n red_a and_o blue_a on_o their_o breast_n and_o appoint_v that_o all_o the_o possession_n which_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v shall_v be_v equal_o divide_v into_o three_o part_n one_o for_o the_o entertainment_n and_o reception_n of_o religious_a person_n the_o other_o to_o relieve_v the_o poor_a and_o the_o three_o to_o redeem_v christian_n keep_v captive_a by_o the_o infidel_n these_o canon_n be_v also_o call_v trinitarian_n because_o all_o their_o church_n be_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o their_o order_n to_o be_v dedicate_v to_o the_o holy_a trinity_n and_o here_o in_o england_n they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o the_o order_n of_o iâ—gham_n because_o that_o monastery_n in_o norfolk_n be_v the_o chief_a house_n of_o that_o rule_n there_o be_v another_o order_n of_o canon_n of_o the_o austin_n rule_n in_o england_n call_v bonhommes_n or_o goodman_n they_o be_v first_o bring_v into_o this_o kingdom_n a._n d._n 1283._o 11_o 12._o edw._n i._n and_o place_v in_o a_o rectory_n or_o college_n found_v by_o edmund_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n at_o asserâ—g_v in_o buck_n of_o which_o order_n in_o england_n there_o be_v but_o one_o more_o viz._n at_o edingdon_n in_o wiltshire_n the_o reader_n may_v observe_v that_o they_o be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o the_o friar_n minim_n or_o franciscan_n who_o some_o author_n call_v bonhommes_n because_o our_o bonhommes_n be_v ample_o endow_v with_o land_n and_o rent_n which_o that_o mendicant_a order_n can_v never_o be_v possess_v of_o neither_o can_v they_o be_v of_o the_o order_n of_o grandmont_n the_o religious_a whereof_o be_v call_v bonhommes_n because_o these_o be_v only_a benedictines_n reform_v as_o for_o the_o nunnery_n of_o the_o benedictine_n climiac_n cistercian_n and_o carthusian_n rule_n and_o the_o austin_n premonstratensian_n and_o gilbertine_a nun_n they_o be_v institute_v by_o the_o same_o as_o the_o monk_n of_o those_o order_n they_o follow_v the_o same_o rule_n with_o the_o monk_n omit_v only_o that_o which_o be_v not_o convenient_a for_o their_o sex_n and_o wear_v habit_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n their_o head_n be_v always_o cover_v with_o a_o veil_n beside_o these_o we_o have_v in_o england_n three_o other_o order_n of_o religious_a female_n 1_o clariss_n or_o of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n clare_n who_o institute_v it_o at_o assize_n in_o italy_n about_o a._n d._n 1225._o 2_o brigettan_n nun_n who_o be_v found_v by_o st._n bridget_n queen_n of_o sweedland_n about_o a._n d._n 1360._o 3_o nun_n of_o the_o order_n of_o fonteurault_n who_o wear_v a_o black_a habit_n with_o a_o white_a veil_n this_o order_n be_v a_o reformation_n of_o the_o benedictine_n begin_v by_o robert_n de_fw-fr arbusculo_n at_o font_n ebrald_n in_o poitiers_n a._n d._n 1117._o there_o be_v also_o monk_n of_o this_o rule_n but_o none_o i_o think_v in_o england_n except_o it_o be_v in_o such_o alien-priory_n as_o be_v cell_n to_o that_o abbey_n so_o without_o doubt_v other_o alien-priory_n that_o be_v subordinate_a to_o st._n victor_n at_o paris_n and_o grandmont_n in_o france_n the_o canon_n of_o the_o first_o and_o the_o monk_n of_o the_o last_o have_v particular_a rule_n distinct_a from_o any_o other_o order_n be_v of_o the_o same_o constitution_n with_o those_o abbey_n of_o the_o military_a order_n there_o be_v mention_v make_v but_o of_o two_o in_o this_o book_n viz._n of_o the_o knight_n hospitaler_n of_o s._n john_n of_o jerusalem_n and_o the_o knight_n templar_n the_o hospitaler_n since_o call_v knight_n of_o rhodes_n or_o malta_n be_v first_o take_v notice_n of_o about_o a._n d._n 1090._o and_o be_v mighty_o favour_v by_o godfrey_n of_o bullen_n and_o his_o successor_n baldwin_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n they_o follow_v partly_o st._n augustine_n rule_n and_o wear_v a_o white_a cross_n upon_o their_o black_a habit._n there_o be_v also_o in_o england_n one_o house_n of_o nun_n of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n john_n of_o jerusalem_n viz._n buckland_n in_o somersetshire_n the_o knight_n templar_n so_o call_v from_o have_v their_o residence_n in_o certain_a room_n adjoin_v to_o the_o temple_n at_o jerusalem_n be_v institute_v a._n d._n 1118._o they_o follow_v the_o cistercian_n rule_n and_o their_o duty_n be_v to_o guard_v pilgrim_n travel_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n their_o habit_n be_v white_a with_o a_o red_a cross._n thus_o i_o have_v in_o short_a trace_v the_o several_a monastic_a order_n by_o their_o original_a institution_n and_o habit_n and_o in_o the_o notitia_fw-la have_v be_v very_o careful_a to_o note_v the_o order_n of_o every_o religious_a house_n which_o may_v be_v very_o useful_a beside_o the_o curiosity_n of_o know_v what_o sort_n of_o monk_n inhabit_v every_o country_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o tithe_n especial_o the_o cistercian_n premonstratense_n hâ—spitalers_n and_o templar_n be_v discharge_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n in_o their_o own_o demesne_n such_o monastery_n i_o mean_v of_o those_o order_n as_o be_v found_v before_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n a._n d._n 1215._o and_o such_o of_o the_o cistercian_n and_o premonstratensians_n be_v value_v above_o 200_o l._n per_fw-la a_o as_o be_v not_o dissolve_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 27._o hen._n viii_o see_v sir_n sim._n degge_n parson_n counsellor_n lib._n ii_o cap._n 21._o the_o next_o thing_n the_o reader_n will_v be_v inform_v of_o in_o this_o short_a history_n of_o the_o religious_a house_n be_v their_o dedication_n which_o be_v very_o necessary_a to_o be_v know_v for_o distinction_n sake_n in_o great_a town_n or_o city_n where_o be_v two_o or_o more_o monastery_n this_o may_v be_v also_o of_o some_o use_n in_o read_v our_o old_a historian_n for_o in_o they_o the_o monastery_n be_v often_o mention_v under_o the_o bare_a name_n of_o the_o saint_n to_o who_o it_o be_v dedicate_v thus_o we_o frequent_o meet_v with_o monasterium_fw-la or_o abbatia_n s._n aldhelmi_n for_o malmsbury_n in_o wiltshire_n s._n 〈◊〉_d for_o chich_n in_o essex_n prioratus_fw-la s._n swithini_n for_o the_o cathedral_n at_o winchester_n and_o several_a other_o instance_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n which_o some_o even_o the_o more_o understand_a reader_n may_v stick_v at_o but_o this_o be_v remedy_v in_o the_o follow_a book_n by_o turn_v to_o the_o index_n of_o name_n wherein_o under_o the_o saint_n name_n may_v be_v find_v the_o page_n in_o which_o be_v any_o monastery_n dedicate_v to_o that_o saint_n the_o virgin_n mary_n must_v be_v except_v because_o she_o be_v the_o patroness_n of_o all_o the_o cistercian_n house_n and_o of_o a_o great_a many_o other_o monastery_n be_v mention_v once_o or_o twice_o in_o almost_o every_o page_n and_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v know_v what_o revenue_n every_o religious_a house_n have_v and_o so_o partly_o guess_v at_o the_o number_n of_o the_o foundation_n here_o be_v set_v down_o the_o valuation_n of_o they_o which_o be_v take_v by_o the_o king_n commissioner_n 26._o hen._n viii_o of_o this_o valuation_n we_o have_v two_o very_a different_a copy_n the_o one_o give_v we_o by_o mr._n burton_n or_o mr._n speed_n in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o religious_a house_n which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o very_a original_a deliver_v in_o to_o king_n henry_n viii_o by_o the_o commissioner_n the_o other_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o tome_n of_o the_o monasticon_fw-la take_v by_o sir_n will._n dugdale_n out_o of_o a_o ancient_a copy_n in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n these_o two_o valuation_n seldom_o or_o never_o agree_v in_o the_o same_o sum_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n because_o there_o be_v good_a authority_n for_o both_o it_o be_v think_v fit_a that_o the_o revenue_n according_a to_o both_o rate_n shall_v be_v insert_v that_o of_o dugdale_n in_o the_o monasticon_fw-la general_o amount_v to_o a_o less_o sum_n than_o that_o of_o spee_v i_o shall_v not_o endeavour_v to_o reconcile_v they_o or_o to_o give_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n it_o be_v once_o thought_n that_o dugdale_n valuation_n have_v be_v the_o clear_a revenue_n over_o and_o above_o all_o pension_n corrodies_n alms_n etc._n etc._n but_o add_v the_o sum_n of_o these_o reprise_n which_o be_v at_o large_a mention_v in_o sir_n will._n dugdale_n history_n of_o the_o monastery_n
of_o the_o episcopal_a â—ees_n be_v also_o add_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n not_o â—hat_n they_o be_v rare_a but_o because_o i_o be_v willing_a â—o_o make_v the_o collection_n as_o complete_a as_o possible_a â—he_v arm_n also_o of_o the_o six_o new_a bishopric_n found_v by_o king_n henry_n viii_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o â—ld_v priory_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o several_a monastery_n have_v no_o arm_n and_o of_o those_o that_o â—ad_n few_o use_v they_o in_o the_o common_a seal_n of_o the_o house_n that_o be_v general_o the_o saint_n or_o saint_n to_o who_o it_o be_v dedicate_v though_o the_o arm_n be_v sometime_o find_v at_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o seal_n or_o else_o they_o be_v use_v as_o a_o counter-seal_n thus_o here_o be_v give_v as_o brief_o as_o the_o matter_n will_v permit_v some_o account_n of_o the_o method_n content_n and_o use_v of_o the_o follow_a book_n in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o discourse_n some_o attempt_n will_v be_v make_v towards_o a_o brief_a history_n of_o the_o general_a state_n of_o monastery_n in_o this_o island_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n till_o the_o dissolution_n with_o some_o reflection_n on_o their_o learning_n the_o original_n of_o monk_n in_o britain_n may_v be_v date_v from_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o christianity_n therein_o if_o we_o may_v give_v any_o credit_n to_o a_o very_a learned_a gentleman_n 13._o who_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o some_o of_o the_o druid_n have_v be_v convert_v from_o the_o pagan_a religion_n whereof_o they_o be_v the_o priest_n become_v our_o first_o monk_n be_v thereunto_o much_o incline_v by_o the_o severity_n of_o their_o former_a discipline_n but_o however_o it_o be_v just_a to_o suppose_v that_o several_a christian_n to_o avoid_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o persecution_n which_o rage_v so_o fierce_o here_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o dioclesian_n do_v withdraw_v into_o solitary_a place_n and_o there_o accustom_v themselves_o to_o live_v be_v our_o first_o ascetic_n this_o retire_a life_n afterward_o become_v more_o eligible_a when_o britain_n be_v in_o a_o combustion_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o war_n between_o the_o usurper_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n which_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o saxon_n these_o troublesome_a time_n without_o doubt_n incline_v contemplative_a person_n to_o fly_v into_o the_o most_o private_a solitude_n cave_n forest_n and_o mountain_n where_o they_o spend_v their_o time_n in_o read_v the_o scripture_n and_o other_o duty_n of_o religion_n have_v no_o tie_n or_o vow_n but_o what_o they_o from_o time_n to_o time_n impose_v upon_o themselves_o there_o be_v great_a question_n among_o the_o learned_a who_o it_o be_v that_o bring_v over_o the_o monastic_a rule_n and_o first_o institute_v abbey_n in_o britain_n it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o right_n reverend_a bishop_n of_o worcester_n to_o who_o the_o church_n antiquity_n of_o these_o age_n owe_v their_o great_a light_n 185._o that_o the_o british_a monastery_n be_v no_o old_a than_o s._n patrick_n time_n indeed_o the_o winchester_n historian_n will_v make_v the_o world_n believe_v 3._o that_o there_o be_v a_o abbey_n found_v in_o that_o city_n for_o monk_n of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n mark_v the_o evangelist_n by_o king_n lucius_n a._n d._n 194._o who_o endow_v the_o bishop_n and_o they_o with_o the_o land_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o flamen_n viz._n all_o the_o country_n twelve_o mile_n round_o the_o city_n but_o every_o part_n of_o this_o ill_a ground_a story_n be_v so_o erroneous_a that_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o confute_v it_o beside_o this_o capgrave_n and_o from_o he_o bale_n and_o pit_n seem_v to_o contradict_v the_o forementioned_a opinion_n by_o assert_v that_o pelagius_n the_o heretic_n who_o flourish_v about_o a._n d._n 400._o be_v abbot_n of_o bangor_n but_o there_o be_v no_o probability_n at_o all_o in_o the_o monkish_a tradition_n of_o pelagius_n be_v abbot_n of_o bangor_n and_o there_o be_v not_o much_o more_o of_o bangor_n be_v so_o famous_a a_o monastery_n at_o that_o time_n or_o of_o pelagius_n be_v a_o monk_n therein_o for_o the_o british_a monastery_n be_v no_o elder_a than_o st._n patrick_n time_n and_o in_o pelagius_n time_n those_o be_v call_v monk_n at_o rome_n who_o have_v no_o office_n in_o the_o church_n but_o yet_o retire_v from_o the_o common_a employment_n of_o the_o world_n for_o sacred_a study_n and_o devotion_n and_o where_o any_o number_n of_o these_o live_v together_o that_o be_v call_v a_o monastery_n thus_o that_o great_a prelate_n and_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o congellus_n about_o a._n d._n 530._o be_v the_o first_o that_o convert_v the_o house_n of_o bangor_n into_o a_o monastery_n though_o not_o the_o first_o that_o bring_v the_o monastic_a way_n of_o live_v into_o britain_n as_o mr._n camden_n 457._o will_v have_v it_o as_o for_o st._n patrick_n after_o he_o have_v convert_v the_o irish_a to_o the_o christian_a faith_n a._n d._n 433._o he_o come_v over_o into_o this_o isle_n and_o find_v at_o glastonbury_n 1691._o twelve_o anchorite_n he_o gather_v they_o together_o and_o make_v himself_o abbot_n teach_v they_o to_o live_v according_a to_o the_o monastic_a rule_n and_o this_o be_v the_o more_o probable_a because_o he_o be_v nephew_n to_o st._n martin_n of_o tours_n who_o bring_v this_o manner_n of_o life_n into_o france_n and_o from_o who_o st._n patricâ—_n may_v easy_o have_v learn_v it_o malmsbury_n 22._o also_o call_v this_o monastery_n in_o another_o place_n the_o old_a that_o he_o know_v in_o england_n in_o the_o next_o age_n the_o british_a historian_n report_n 25._o that_o st._n dubriciuâ—_n archbishop_n of_o st._n david_n found_v twelve_o monastery_n and_o teach_v his_o monk_n to_o live_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o asian_o and_o african_n upon_o the_o work_n of_o their_o own_o hand_n this_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 512._o not_o long_o after_o as_o it_o be_v before_o observe_v the_o abbey_n of_o bangor_n be_v institute_v which_o as_o bede_n 2._o say_v consist_v of_o seven_o class_n each_o class_n contain_v three_o hundred_o monk_n who_o all_o live_v on_o their_o own_o labour_n what_o other_o thing_n be_v enjoin_v they_o we_o have_v no_o account_n but_o that_o they_o have_v a_o rule_n be_v plain_a from_o gildas_n who_o mention_n monachorum_fw-la decreta_fw-la 20._o and_o monachi_fw-la votum_fw-la 21._o but_o whether_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o welsh_a monastery_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o st._n patrick_n institute_v at_o glastonbury_n or_o if_o different_a whether_o either_o be_v the_o same_o use_v in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n we_o have_v no_o light_n from_o antiquity_n to_o discover_v indeed_o that_o great_a antiquary_n sir_n roger_n twisden_n life_n tell_v we_o the_o monk_n of_o bangor_n be_v not_o unlike_o the_o order_n of_o st._n basil_n if_o not_o of_o it_o upon_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o pagan_a saxon_n who_o then_o domineer_v over_o the_o large_a province_n of_o britain_n since_o call_v england_n monastery_n be_v found_v in_o all_o part_n where_o christianity_n have_v any_o foot_n thus_o st._n austin_n and_o his_o follower_n erect_v monastery_n in_o kent_n and_o the_o scottish_a bishop_n and_o monk_n propagate_v the_o christian_a faith_n after_o the_o same_o way_n among_o the_o northumbrian_n though_o it_o appear_v by_o a_o passage_n of_o bede_n that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o st._n austin_n the_o monk_n find_v no_o great_a encouragement_n in_o the_o south_n part_n for_o that_o venerable_a author_n say_v 8._o that_o about_o a._n d._n 640._o earcongota_n daughter_n to_o earcombert_n king_n of_o kent_n be_v make_v nun_n at_o brige_n in_o france_n because_o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v very_o few_o monastery_n in_o britain_n many_o go_v to_o the_o religious_a house_n of_o france_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o a_o monastic_a life_n and_o also_o they_o use_v to_o send_v their_o daughter_n thither_o to_o be_v teach_v and_o devote_v to_o the_o service_n of_o god_n etc._n etc._n but_o about_o this_o time_n the_o westsaxon_n and_o mercian_n be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n upon_o which_o monastery_n be_v every_o where_o build_v with_o great_a zeal_n for_o god_n glory_n and_o liberal_o endow_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n it_o will_v seem_v strange_a to_o some_o that_o nothing_o shall_v be_v hitherto_o say_v about_o the_o order_n of_o st._n austin_n the_o monk_n and_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o old_a saxon_a monk_n be_v benedictines_n but_o if_o i_o may_v presume_v to_o offer_v any_o thing_n in_o this_o case_n i_o shall_v rather_o think_v that_o the_o benedictine_n rule_n be_v scarce_o hear_v of_o in_o england_n till_o some_o hundred_o of_o year_n after_o and_o never_o perfect_o observe_v till_o after_o the_o conquest_n there_o be_v no_o great_a credit_n to_o be_v
give_v to_o the_o chronicle_n 2232._o that_o record_n how_o that_o st._n wilfrid_n a._n d._n 666._o introduce_v that_o rule_n or_o rather_o as_o other_o 58._o say_v improve_v the_o order_n of_o the_o english_a church_n by_o it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o bull_n of_o pope_n constantine_n command_v that_o the_o monk_n of_o evesham_n shall_v live_v under_o that_o rule_n there_o be_v great_a probability_n that_o it_o be_v forge_v and_o spurious_a and_o though_o it_o be_v genuine_a it_o do_v not_o make_v much_o for_o the_o patron_n of_o the_o benedictines_n because_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o next_o word_n that_o at_o that_o time_n a._n d._n 709._o that_o rule_n be_v very_o little_o use_v in_o england_n for_o bede_n who_o have_v give_v we_o a_o very_a accurate_a account_n of_o the_o state_n of_o religion_n in_o this_o isle_n till_o a._n d._n 731._o have_v nothing_o of_o saint_n bennet_n or_o his_o rule_n and_o at_o the_o first_o regulation_n of_o the_o monk_n in_o england_n by_o archbishop_n cuthbert_n a._n d._n 747._o in_o the_o great_a synod_n at_o clovesho_n there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o mention_n of_o it_o in_o this_o council_n several_a thing_n be_v amend_v relate_v to_o the_o habit_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o monk_n and_o according_a to_o the_o canon_n thereof_o without_o doubt_n the_o religious_a especial_o of_o the_o province_n of_o canterbury_n walk_v till_o the_o fatal_a invasion_n of_o the_o dane_n who_o be_v very_o barbarous_a where_o ere_o they_o come_v in_o rifle_v and_o burn_a monastery_n and_o strip_v wound_a and_o very_o often_o killinâ—_n the_o poor_a monk_n during_o their_o incursion_n monkery_n and_o with_o it_o christianity_n have_v almost_o be_v extinguish_v and_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o remain_v of_o a_o monastery_n 8._o save_v at_o glastonbury_n and_o abingdon_n and_o even_o at_o 2â—6_n winchester_n and_o 1643._o canterbury_n in_o king_n alfred_n time_n there_o be_v such_o a_o scarcity_n of_o monk_n that_o secular_o be_v permit_v to_o assist_v they_o in_o perform_v the_o divine_a office_n nay_o gervasius_n say_v 1645._o that_o before_o st._n dunstan_n time_n the_o name_n of_o abbot_n be_v scarce_o hear_v of_o and_o very_o few_o have_v see_v a_o convent_n of_o monk_n this_o dunstan_n be_v promote_v to_o the_o archiepiscopal_a seâ—_n and_o countenance_v by_o king_n edgar_n be_v the_o great_a restorer_n of_o the_o monastic_a way_n of_o live_v by_o repair_v the_o ruinous_a church_n and_o religious_a house_n and_o place_v monk_n and_o nun_n in_o the_o room_n of_o secular_a canon_n it_o be_v by_o his_o advice_n that_o king_n edgar_n make_v the_o second_o reformation_n of_o our_o ancient_a english_a monk_n in_o the_o council_n of_o winchester_n a._n d._n 965._o to_o this_o end_n several_a monk_n be_v send_v for_o from_o fleury_n and_o corby_n in_o france_n who_o be_v to_o inform_v they_o in_o the_o particular_n of_o st._n bennet_n order_n so_o little_o be_v that_o rule_n know_v then_o in_o england_n which_o several_a fond_o imagine_v be_v general_o receive_v some_o hundred_o of_o year_n before_o at_o this_o synod_n be_v frame_v a_o general_a constitution_n for_o our_o english_a monâ—s_n compose_v partly_o out_o of_o the_o rule_n of_o st._n bennet_n and_o partly_o out_o of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o english_a devotee_n this_o be_v call_v regularis_fw-la concordia_fw-la anâ—licae_fw-la nationis_fw-la and_o be_v publish_v in_o saxon_n and_o latin_a by_o the_o learned_a selden_n in_o his_o spicilegium_fw-la after_o eadmerus_fw-la 145._o according_a to_o this_o rule_n be_v monastery_n found_v and_o govern_v in_o the_o southern_a and_o more_o civilise_a part_n of_o britain_n and_o their_o number_n increase_v so_o very_a much_o that_o 〈◊〉_d be_v king_n be_v record_v to_o have_v erect_v or_o rather_o refounded_n forty_o seven_o neither_o be_v new_a monastery_n only_o found_v but_o all_o the_o land_n which_o by_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o time_n have_v be_v take_v away_o from_o religious_a place_n be_v restore_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o care_n of_o dunstan_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n ethelwold_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o wulstan_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n after_o this_o king_n death_n the_o secular_a clergy_n begin_v to_o lift_v up_o their_o head_n again_o and_o be_v encourage_v by_o elfere_n prince_n of_o mercia_n who_o expel_v the_o monk_n out_o of_o all_o the_o monastery_n in_o that_o province_n and_o restore_v the_o secular_a canon_n these_o thing_n occasion_v the_o contest_v between_o the_o monk_n and_o secular_o at_o the_o synod_n of_o winchester_n caln_v and_o ambresbury_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a where_o be_v convince_v by_o pretend_a miracle_n or_o else_o overrule_v by_o the_o power_n of_o archbishop_n dunstan_n and_o other_o of_o the_o monk_n party_n the_o secular_o make_v no_o great_a stir_n afterward_o and_o so_o the_o monk_n quiet_o enjoy_v their_o land_n till_o the_o conquest_n but_o this_o must_v be_v understand_v only_o of_o the_o state_n of_o monastery_n in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o isle_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o northumbrian_n monastery_n be_v more_o frequent_a even_o from_o their_o first_o receive_v christianity_n for_o here_o the_o new_a convert_v be_v mighty_o take_v with_o the_o powerful_a preach_v and_o exemplary_a life_n of_o aidan_n and_o the_o scotch_a monk_n be_v very_o zealous_a in_o building_n and_o endow_v religious_a house_n so_o great_a a_o opinion_n have_v they_o of_o the_o sanctity_n of_o those_o monk_n and_o their_o way_n of_o live_v that_o it_o be_v very_o usual_a for_o their_o noble_n and_o very_o often_o their_o king_n and_o queen_n to_o renounce_v the_o world_n as_o they_o call_v it_o and_o put_v on_o religious_a habit_n not_o to_o make_v any_o mention_n here_o of_o the_o old_a scottish_a monk_n or_o culdee_n of_o who_o we_o have_v none_o in_o england_n except_o at_o st._n peter_n in_o york_n because_o they_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o monk_n of_o the_o irish_a rule_n as_o in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o england_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o send_v their_o child_n to_o france_n to_o learn_v the_o monastic_a way_n of_o live_v so_o in_o the_o north_n they_o be_v send_v into_o ireland_n to_o the_o monastery_n there_o to_o be_v instruct_v in_o learning_n 27._o but_o as_o sim._n dunelmensis_n 206._o say_v after_o the_o devastation_n of_o that_o country_n by_o the_o dane_n a._n d._n 867._o who_o reduce_v the_o church_n and_o monastery_n to_o ash_n christianity_n be_v almost_o extinct_a very_o few_o church_n and_o those_o only_o build_v with_o hurdle_n and_o cover_v with_o straw_n be_v rebuilt_a but_o no_o monastery_n be_v refounded_n for_o almost_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o country_n people_n never_o hear_v of_o the_o name_n of_o a_o monk_n and_o be_v fright_v at_o their_o very_a habit_n till_o three_o monk_n from_o winchelcomb_n bring_v again_o the_o monastic_a way_n of_o live_v to_o durham_n york_n and_o whitby_n it_o may_v be_v necessary_a here_o to_o note_v 1_o something_n concern_v the_o nunnery_n before_o the_o conquest_n that_o we_o have_v nun_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v very_o probable_a because_o the_o irish_a and_o scots_a allow_v of_o they_o before_o st._n austin_n come_v into_o england_n and_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o british_a church_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o same_o with_o they_o but_o if_o leland_n authority_n be_v allow_v in_o this_o case_n i_o think_v it_o be_v clear_a enough_o to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n for_o he_o tell_v we_o of_o nunnery_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n more_o than_o once_o particular_o of_o one_o at_o 37._o caermarden_n what_o monastic_a rule_n so_o ever_o st._n austin_n may_v introduce_v we_o meet_v with_o none_o relate_v to_o religious_a virgin_n yet_o in_o the_o next_o century_n we_o find_v they_o very_o frequent_a among_o the_o saxon_n king_n eadbald_n be_v record_v to_o have_v found_v about_o a._n d._n 630._o a_o nunnery_n at_o folkstone_n in_o kent_n which_o it_o be_v likely_a be_v the_o first_o in_o england_n so_o according_a to_o this_o it_o must_v be_v a_o oversight_n in_o mr._n weaver_n monuâ—_n and_o sir_n w._n dugdale_n 797._o to_o say_v that_o bark_v in_o essex_n be_v the_o first_o nunnery_n in_o england_n which_o be_v not_o build_v till_o a._n d._n 680._o about_o which_o time_n without_o doubt_n nun_n be_v in_o great_a plenty_n because_o we_o find_v in_o that_o year_n domneva_n to_o have_v preside_v over_o no_o few_o than_o seventy_o in_o one_o monastery_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o thanet_n and_o a._n d._n 694._o abbess_n be_v in_o so_o great_a esteem_n for_o their_o sanctity_n and_o prudence_n that_o they_o be_v summon_v to_o the_o council_n at_o becanceld_a and_o the_o name_n of_o five_o and_o not_o one_o abbot_n subscribe_v to_o the_o constitution_n there_o make_v bishop_n aidan_n
he_o the_o benedictines_n at_o carow_n in_o com._n norf._n and_o at_o heyham_n in_o com._n cant._n the_o black_a canon_n at_o thornâ—olm_n in_o com._n linc._n and_o the_o cluniac_a monk_n at_o feversham_n in_o com._n cant._n owe_v their_o foundation_n and_o endowment_n and_o the_o knight_n hospitaler_n their_o commandery_n at_o cressing_n temple_n in_o com_n essex_n and_o at_o egle_n in_o com._n linc._n a._n d._n 1146._o the_o premonstratensian_a order_n be_v bring_v into_o england_n their_o first_o monastery_n be_v newhouse_n in_o lincolnshire_n two_o year_n after_o the_o gilbertineâ—rder_n â—rder_z have_v its_o rise_n at_o sempringham_n in_o that_o county_n the_o trouble_n the_o kingdom_n be_v for_o a_o great_a part_n of_o this_o reign_n embroil_v in_o can_v not_o restrain_v the_o piety_n and_o charity_n of_o the_o english_a from_o build_v religious_a house_n to_o the_o number_n of_o fifteen_o of_o the_o benedictine_n order_n twenty_o five_o priory_n of_o black_a canon_n thirty_o five_o cistercian_n abbey_n six_o house_n of_o the_o premonstratensian_a six_o of_o the_o gilbertine_n and_o four_o of_o the_o cluniac_a rule_n one_o college_n two_o preceptory_n and_o three_o alien-priory_n king_n henry_n ii_o be_v very_o oblige_v to_o the_o clergy_n especial_o after_o the_o murder_n of_o s._n thomas_n becket_n of_o canterbury_n he_o found_v the_o first_o house_n the_o carthâ—sians_n have_v in_o england_n viz._n witham_n in_o somersetshire_n as_o also_o waltham_n in_o com._n essex_n newstede_n in_o com._n nott._n ivy_n church_n in_o com._n wilt._n and_o marton_n in_o com._n ebor._n of_o the_o austin_n order_n newstede_n in_o com._n linc._n for_o gilbertine_n canon_n stonely_n in_o com._n warw._n for_o cistercian_n monk_n and_o the_o alien-priory_n of_o hagh_o in_o com._n linc._n in_o his_o reign_n be_v found_v twenty_o two_o benedictine_n thirty_o austin_n eight_o premonstratensian_a four_o gilbertine_n and_o six_o cluniac_a monastery_n three_o collegiate_n church_n six_o preceptory_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1185._o the_o templar_n come_v into_o england_n eight_o alien-priory_n and_o what_o be_v more_o remarkable_a almost_o twenty_o cistercian_n abbey_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o a_o canon_n make_v at_o the_o general_a chapter_n of_o the_o cistercian_n order_n a._n d._n 1152_o 1151._o wherein_o the_o erection_n of_o any_o more_o abbey_n of_o that_o rule_n be_v express_o forbid_v because_o there_o be_v above_o five_o hundred_o of_o they_o already_o found_v in_o richard_n i._o time_n the_o humour_n of_o go_v to_o recover_v holy_a land_n from_o the_o saracen_n mighty_o prevail_v in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o in_o all_o other_o part_n of_o christendom_n and_o the_o money_n design_v for_o pious_a use_n be_v expend_v in_o those_o war_n and_o for_o the_o ransom_n of_o the_o king_n there_o be_v few_o monastery_n build_v in_o this_o reign_n viz._n six_o of_o the_o benedictine_n four_o of_o the_o austin_n one_o of_o the_o cistercian_n four_o of_o the_o premonstratensian_a and_o two_o of_o the_o gilbertine_n order_n with_o one_o alien-priory_n this_o king_n be_v say_v 73._o to_o have_v mortal_o hate_v the_o black_a monk_n the_o cistercian_n and_o the_o templar_n and_o not_o only_o those_o three_o sort_n but_o also_o all_o religious_a man_n for_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o he_o build_v one_o monastery_n in_o england_n king_n john_n though_o he_o be_v always_o prejudice_v against_o the_o ecclesiastic_n yet_o he_o found_v a_o stately_a abbey_n for_o the_o cistercian_n at_o beaulieu_n in_o com._n hants_n to_o which_o he_o make_v farendon_n in_o com._n berks._n a_o cell_n he_o build_v also_o the_o ben._n nunnery_n of_o lambley_n in_o com._n northumb._n and_o make_v otterington_n in_o com._n devon_n a_o alien-priory_n in_o his_o reign_n be_v found_v seven_o benedictine_n abbey_n and_o priory_n eleven_o for_o regular_a canon_n seven_o for_o cistercian_n monk_n one_o preceptory_a two_o premonstratensian_a abbey_n six_o of_o the_o gilbertine_n order_n and_o two_o alien-priory_n in_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o be_v long_o reign_v we_o find_v but_o four_o benedictine_n abbey_n and_o priory_n build_v fifteen_o of_o the_o austin_n nine_o of_o the_o cistercian_n and_o of_o the_o gilbertine_n and_o cluniac_a order_n each_o one_o as_o also_o one_o of_o the_o premonstratensian_a viz._n tichfield_n in_o com._n hants_n which_o be_v the_o last_o of_o that_o order_n that_o be_v build_v in_o england_n and_o one_o alien-priory_n viz._n rumney_n in_o com._n cant._n the_o last_o that_o be_v subject_v to_o any_o foreign_a monastery_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o found_v only_o the_o small_a gilbertine_n cell_n of_o fordham_n in_o com._n cantab._n for_o during_o this_o reign_n come_v the_o dominican_n or_o preach_a friar_n into_o this_o kingdom_n a._n d._n 1217._o and_o the_o franciscan_n or_o friar_n minor_n a._n d._n 1224._o who_o for_o the_o pretend_a severity_n of_o their_o life_n and_o their_o frequent_a preach_v be_v at_o first_o mighty_o admire_v by_o the_o people_n to_o the_o great_a loss_n of_o the_o parish_n priest_n as_o well_o as_o the_o regulars_n king_n edward_n i._o succeed_v next_o who_o build_v the_o stately_a abbey_n of_o vale-royal_a in_o com._n cest._n in_o this_o king_n time_n the_o charity_n and_o devotion_n of_o the_o english_a begin_v to_o be_v very_o cold_a the_o greatness_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o ecclesiastic_n be_v envy_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n and_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o people_n alienate_v by_o the_o sermon_n pamphlet_n and_o secret_a insinuation_n of_o the_o beg_a friar_n the_o nobility_n and_o commons_o be_v thus_o prepare_v the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n easy_o pass_v a._n d._n 1279._o 7._o edw._n i._o by_o this_o act_n 43._o it_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o any_o religious_a person_n to_o enter_v upon_o any_o fee_n either_o to_o buy_v they_o or_o to_o receive_v they_o of_o the_o gift_n of_o other_o without_o licence_n of_o the_o chief_a lord_n upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v because_o the_o service_n due_a from_o such_o fee_n and_o which_o at_o the_o beginning_n be_v provide_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v wrongful_o withdraw_v and_o the_o chief_a lord_n do_v loose_v their_o escheat_n of_o the_o same_o upon_o the_o make_n this_o statute_n the_o religious_a seem_v to_o complain_v 1691._o and_o to_o supply_v the_o loss_n of_o new_a benefaction_n procure_v pension_n privilege_n from_o pay_v tithe_n and_o what_o the_o church_n find_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o to_o this_o very_a day_n impropriation_n these_o last_o thoâ—_n they_o be_v sometime_o use_v before_o yet_o after_o the_o enact_v this_o law_n be_v obtain_v by_o bull_n from_o rome_n on_o every_o small_a occasion_n a._n d._n 1295._o the_o king_n seize_v all_o the_o aliâ—n-priories_n the_o rent_n and_o profit_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o they_o to_o foreign_a monastery_n in_o case_n they_o receive_v as_o former_o be_v conceive_v of_o advantage_n to_o the_o king_n enemy_n in_o this_o king_n time_n be_v found_v three_o monastery_n of_o the_o benedictine_n order_n two_o austin_n priory_n three_o cistercian_n abbey_n one_o preceptory_a and_o nine_o college_n as_o also_o one_o gilbertine_n priory_n viz._n pulton_n in_o wiltshire_n which_o be_v the_o last_o house_n of_o that_o order_n in_o england_n in_o king_n edward_n ii_o his_o reign_n we_o find_v no_o great_a stir_n make_v about_o the_o monk_n or_o their_o land_n indeed_o the_o knight_n templar_n be_v seize_v and_o their_o good_n and_o revenue_n confiscate_v though_o they_o be_v not_o appropriate_v to_o any_o secular_a use_n but_o settle_v on_o the_o knight_n hospitaler_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 17._o edw._n ii_o in_o which_o statute_n 1st_a there_o be_v some_o thing_n very_o remarkable_a which_o show_v the_o opinion_n parliament_n in_o those_o time_n have_v of_o church-land_n it_o seem_v good_a these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n to_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n the_o noblemen_z and_o other_o assemble_v in_o parliament_n for_o the_o health_n of_o their_o soul_n and_o the_o discharge_n of_o their_o conscience_n that_o whereas_o the_o military_a order_n of_o temple_n be_v original_o institute_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o christian_n and_o the_o universal_a holy_a church_n subversion_n of_o the_o enemy_n of_o christ_n and_o christian_n and_o canonize_v to_o the_o augmentation_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o liberal_a almsgiving_n that_o the_o foresay_a land_n and_o tenement_n in_o demesne_n lordship_n service_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o giver_n shall_v be_v assign_v and_o deliver_v to_o other_o man_n of_o most_o holy_a religion_n to_o the_o intent_n the_o fruit_n obvention_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o same_o land_n tenement_n and_o other_o thing_n may_v be_v convert_v and_o charitable_o dispose_v of_o to_o godly_a use_n i_o can_v meet_v with_o any_o monastery_n found_v by_o this_o unhappy_a prince_n and_o indeed_o