by desire to be Cardinall was appoynted in an assembly of all the states of that ylande where he shewed with equall fauor full testimonie what was the iustice of the Popes cause Vppon this both it was determined to send the Prelats to the councell of Latran in the name of the whole Realme And also thimportunities of the Popes Embassador concurring the king commaunded the french kings Embassador to depart out of the Realme he published this reason of his commaundement that it was not cōuenient to enterteine about the person of a king and in a kingdome so deuout to the Churche a man that represented a king so manifestly persecuting the sea Apostolike Now began to be discouered the secret resolucion wherein the king of England with his armie by sea should molest the shoares of Normandy and Britaine should send eyght thowsand footemen into Spaine to make warre vpon the Duchie of Guyenu together with the forces of the king of Aragon A suspicion which not a litle afflicted the french king both for that the memorie of the warres past had made the english name very terrible to those peoples and also he knewe the daunger woulde grow so much the greater by how much the spanish forces were ioyned with them He was fearefull also by the consideracion of his owne weakenes hauing sent into Italy all his companies of men at armes sauing two hundred launces which if he should call backe eyther in part or in all the Duchie of Myllan which he esteemed much should remeyne in manifest perill And if for his resupplie he should encrease the auncient band of eyght hundred launces he could reapose litle confidence and hope for lesse assurance amyd so great daungers in persons newly created and vnexperiēced he added to this the suspicion of thallienacion of Caesar which daily more and more encreased for notwithstanding Andrevv Burgos whom he had sent with so great exspectacion and being returned brought tydings that Caesar was disposed to abide in the confederacion yet he made offers of very harde condicions entermedling many cōplaints for he required of the king to assure him to recouer al that apperteyned to him by the capitulacions of Cambray alleaging that he could no more trust in simple promisses for that he hath alwayes knowen both from the beginning and since that it was a matter very greeuous to the king that he should conquer Padoa And that to consume and hold him in continuall trauels he had willingly wasted two hundred thowsand duckats euery yeare knowing that to him the spēding of l. thowsand was much more That he had refused the last yeare to deliuer to him the person of Tryuulce being a Capteine that had both the will and the experience to put a speedy ende to the warre he required that the kings second Daughter being but two yeares olde might be promised to his Nephew induing her for her dowrye with Burgonnye and that the Daughter might presently be deliuered to his handes Lastly that there should be left referred to him the quarrells of Ferrara of Bolognia and the controuersie of the councell forbidding the french armie to march towards Rome protesting that he was not to endure that the king should any way encrease his estate in Italy These condicions of them selues greeuous and almoste intollerable were yet made more heauy by the experience he had that notwithstāding he should accord to him so many thinges yet he could not be assured that he would not varye eyther according to occasions or according to his custome yea thiniquitie of the condicions offered serued almost as a certeine argument that being already alienated from the french king he sought thoccasion to put it to effect vnder some cooller seeing that aswell in words as in works he disclosed many signes of an ill will for both the Proctors which he had so many tymes promised to sende to the councell of Pysa were not come with Burgos and also the Prelats assembled at Auspurge had at last made aunswer by a publike decree that the councell of Pysa was schismatike and detestable but yet with this moderacion that they were ready to chaunge sentence if they might be resolued in the contrary by reasons more strong and auaileable And yet notwithstanding the king at a tyme when he stoode most neede to assemble his forces was constrayned to menteyne at the request of Caesar two hundred launces and three thowsand footemen in Verona a garde of a thowsand footemen in Leguague Moreouer the feare of the Svvyzzers vexed not a litle the kings mind for albeit he had obteyned to send to their parliaments the Bayliffe of Amyens to whom he had giuen very ample commissions and was nowe resolued by discreete councell if such may be called councells discreete as are taken when thoportunitie of helping is past to spare no liberalities nor offers of money to reduce them to his amitie yet what with the hatred of the Commons which in this respit was made greater and with thimportunate perswasions of the Cardinall of Syon preuailing aboue thauthoritie of those that from parliament to parliament had hindred all resolucions that were to be made against him it was discerned that they inclined to send 6. thowsand footemen to the pay of the confederats who made demaund of them to oppose against the firme squadrons of the launceknightes Besides all this the king found him selfe depriued of all hopes of peace and agreement notwithstanding during the heate of the warre there had bene great labor and solicitacion made by the Cardinall of Nantes and the Cardinall of Strigonia A mightie Prelate of the Realme of Hungria for the Pope had made this last and resolute aunswer that if they would be better heard then before they shoulde so bringe to passe that the diabolicall councel of Pysa might be reuersed see restored to the Church her cities of Bolognia and Ferrara Wherein expressing no lesse violence in effects then furie in wordes he had newly deposed from their dignities many of the french Prelats which were resorted to the councell together with Phillipp Dece one of the most excellent lawyers of that time both for that he had written and disputed in the iustice of their cause and did follow the Cardinalls to be at hand for direction when matters required aduise and interpretacion of law In all these difficulties daungers and aduersities which inuyroned the french king on all sides he had not one firme or certeine footing in any part of Italy The estates of Ferrara and Bolognia serued him as in times past more for vexacions and charges then for any other vse And touching the Florentyns to whom he made a new instance to ioyne with him in a warre against Romagnia he could not draw from them other then general aunswers No he rather held them suspected by reason of the Vicerois Embassador of Naples ordinarily remeining at Florence but much more for that they had sent thEmbassador to the king Catholike did
dangerous warres wherof I wil make present discourse both for the same reasōs with the same shortnes that I haue touched thē in the narration of the yere before The beginning of these preparations and stirres grew vppon a resolution which the king of Englande made to inuade that sommer the Realme of Fraunce with a mayne army both by sea and lande And to make the victorie of this enterprise more easie he had agreed with Caesar to furnishe him of an hundred and twentie thousande duckets to make an entrie at the same tyme into Burgondy with an army of three thousande horsemen and eight thousande footmen parte Svvizzers and parte Almains He promised also to the Svvizzers a certayne proportion of money the rather to induce them to ioyne in the action with Caesar who was contented to put into their hands in pawne one parte of Burgondy vntill he had fully satisfied them of their payes Lastely also the king of Englande occupied this perswasion that his father in lawe the king Catholike cleauing to the confederation of Caesar and him which he had alwayes protested and assured would open the warre on his side at the same instante By reason whereof the reapporte of the truce made by thenglishe with the Frenche king and yet for all that the desire to make warre was nothing diminished was so yll brooked not onely by him but by all sortes of states and peoples in Englande that the Commons had done violent execution vpon the Spanishe Embassador if the kings authoritie had not resisted their furie To these things were added thoportunitie of thestate of tharchduke not so muche that he letted not his subiectes to take paye agaynst the Frenchemen as for that he promised to giue sufferaunce and passage of vittayles out of his countreys into thenglishe armie It behoued the French king to omit no sortes of prouisions agaynst so great preparations and daungerous threatning By sea he furnished a strong nauy to encounter thadmirall of Englande and by lande he leauyed men from all partes laboring specially to haue as great a strength of launceknightes as he coulde He had also affore made great instance to the Svvizzers that since they refused to ayde him in the warres of Italie at leaste that they woulde so farre fauour him as to delyuer him a proportion of footemen to helpe to defende the Crowne of Fraunce But they beeing wholly resolued to protect and assure the Duchie of Millan refused in any wyse to minister to him vnlesse he woulde eftsoones returne to the vnitie of the Churche and giue vp the Castell of Millan which was not yet rendred and also cancelling his rights interests to that estate he would promise no more to molest neither Millan not Genes Limitations no lesse vnprofitable to the French king then contrary to his honour and preiudiciall to the soueraigne dignitie of the crowne of Fraunce Likewise the French king the more to terrifie thenglish make them more intangled with their owne affayres had called into Fraunce the duke of Suffolke as Competitor and aspirant to the Crowne of Englande A deuise little helping the purposes of Fraunce and of great daunger to the race and progenie of the Duke for that in reuenge of their dealing the king of Englande by ordinarie course of the iustice of his Realme cutte off the head of his brother who tyll then had bene holden prisoner in Englande since the tyme that Phillip king of Castillo sayling into Spayne deliuered him into the handes of the king his father The French king also was not without hope to haue peace with the king Catholike for that when the king Catholike vnderstoode of the league made betwene the French and the Venetians he began to distrust muche of the defence of the duchie of Millan and sent into Fraunce one of his secretaries to practise newe offers And it was beleued that considering howmuch the greatnes of Caesar and the archduke might alter his gouernment of Castillo he could not in good pollicy stand well contented with thembasing of the realme of Fraunce Besides all these omitting no oportunities wherein occasion might be taken the french king forgat not in these actiōs to stirre vp Iames the king of Skottes his auncient confederate to th ende that he opening the warre vpon the frontiers of Englande he might with more facilitie make defence against so many mightie inuasions The Skottish king was moued to this warre by the consideration of his proper interests for that the aduersities of Fraunce could not but be daungerous to the crowne of Skotland in which regard ioyned to the respect of confederation he prepared him selfe to the action with all diligence demaunding of the Frenche king no other ayde then fiftie thousande frankes to leauye munitions and vittels Neuerthelesse the Frenche king was very slowe in gathering together his forces and prouisions bothe for that he had turned all his thoughtes to thenterprise of Millan and reaposed not a litle in the truce made with the king Catholike Lastly his accustomed negligence was no litle impediment to the expedition of his busines A vice most hurtfull to th affayres of Princes to whom is seldome seene to returne theffect or sruite of their exspectation when they stande to temporise vpon euery new occasion after the resolution is set downe and things referred to action And touching the king of England he cōsumed many monthes in measuring his proportions in leauying his prouisions in rating the state maner of his payes and in distinguishing the sortes of his souldiors and their fashions of armor weapons for that his subiectes hauing bene many yeeres without warres and no lesse chaunged the maner of warfaring both their bowes and their other vsual natures of armes being become vnprofitable he was constrayned to make great prouision of forreine armors artilleries and munitions and by the same necessitie to leauye as souldiors trayned many bands of launceknights horsmen the ancient custome of the English being to fight on foote for these impedimentes thenglish army passed not the seas soner then the moneth of Iuly And after they had for many dayes runne vp into the champayne countrey neare vnto Bolleine they went to incampe affore Torvvaine A towne standing vpon the marches of Pikardy in the region of those peoples whō the Latins call Morini The person of the king of Englande passed the sea a litle after who had in his maine army fiue thousand horses of seruice and more then forty thousand footmen An army not more notable by the multitudes of souldiors consideration of their vallor then most glorious by the presence maiestie of their king in whose person appeared at that instant being in an age disposed and actiue al those tokens of honor magnanimitie which rising afterwards to their ful ripenes perfection by degrees of time study and experience made him the most renowmed and mightie prince that lyued in his age in all this part or circuite of the
that he knewe well enough the estate of that daunger but on the other side was to be considered the perill that might breede of the disunion of those kings that in a matter of so greate importance it was harde to ballance things perfectly and to finde a councell that were wholly cleare from those daungers That in all euentes the Svvizzers woulde defende the duchie of Millan And lastly he answered that it was necessarie in deliberations so vncertayne and difficulte to referre one part to tharbitrement of aduenture and fortune What soeuer was the cause eyther for the authoritie of the Pope or by the proper inclination of the parties there began immediatly a practise of accorde betwene the king of Englande and the Frenche king The mocions and forespeeches of it were begon by the Pope with the Bishop of Yorke and were with diligence caryed into England whither for that busines the king sent the generall of Normandy but vnder culler to treate for the deliuery of the Marquis of Rhothelin Assone as he was come there was proclaymed a surceassing of armes by lande onely betweene the two Realmes so long as the generall remayned in Englande The king of Englandes inclination to peace was encreased by the occasion of newe iniuries for where Caesar had promised not to ratifie without him the truce made by the king Catholike he sent notwithstanding to the same king thinstrumente of ratification and by a letter whiche he wrote to the Frenche king he ratified in the name of Caesar but reteyned thinstrument the better to vse his artificiall semblaunces and demonstrations Assone as the negociation was begonne betweene the two kinges the Pope desirous to purchase grace with them bothe sente by poste into Fraunce the Byshoppe of Tricaro to offer him all his authoritie and facultie and to that ende he arryued in Englande by the suffraunce of the sayde king At the firste opening of this practise for peace there fell out manye difficulties for that the kinge of Englande demaunded Boleine in Pikardye wyth a greate summe of money But at laste all the differences fell vppon the towne of Tornaye the kinge of Englande stryuing to reteyne it and the French obiecting some difficultie In so muche as the king of Englande dispatched in poste to the Frenche kinge the Bishop of Tricaro whom he charged without imparting in what nature of particularitie consisted the difficultie to declare to the king from him that in regarde of so greate a benefite he shoulde not stande vppon so many suttle difficulties but to consider that in a Prince reason shoulde beare more imperie then passion The Frenche kinge because he woulde neither do wrong to his Crowne nor yll content hys people the towne of Tornay beeing verie noble and loyall to the Crowne of Fraunce caused the matter to be debated in full Councell wherein was an assistaunce of the principalles of his Courte who aduised him with one voyce to embrace peace yea vnder the condition offred And yet in that tyme the kinge Catholike dyd what he coulde to breake it offering the king manye plottes and deuises but specially to minister to hym all his meanes and fauours to conquer the duchie of Millan But the aunswere beeing returned into Englande that the Frenche king stoode contented with the resolution of Tornaye the peace succeeded and was concluded in the beginning of August betweene the two kings duryng theyr lyues and for one yeare after their death In the capitulation it was expressed that Tornay should remayne to the kinge of Englande to whome the Frenche kinge shoulde paye sixe hundred thowsande crownes and that in suche sorte of distribution that the Frenche kinge shoulde make payment of an hundred thousande frankes euery yeare till the full payment was satisfied That they shoulde bee bounde to defende their estates mutually and reciprocally with tenne thousande footemen if the warre wente by lande and with six thousande onely if the warre were made by sea That the french king should be bounde to serue the king of Englande in all hys affayres with twelue hundred launces and the king of Englande likewise to minister to his seruices with ten thousande footemen Thexpences to be defrayed by either of them that should haue nede of the men Both the one and other of them named the Skottishe king tharchduke and the Empire But Caesar and the king Catholike were not named The Svvizzers had a nomination but it bare a condition that who soeuer woulde defende agaynst the French king the estate of Millan Genes or Ast should be excluded out of the nomination This peace which was made with a wonderful readines was confirmed by the mariage of the kings sister of Englande with the Frenche king vnder condition that he should acknowledge to haue receiued foure hundred thousand crownes for her dowry The contract or handfestings were made in Englande where the king Catholikes embassador was not in presence for the great hatred the king of Englande bare to the king his maister And euen vpon the conclusion and resolution of this peace came to the Courte of Fraunce thinstrument of ratification which Caesar had made together with his commission and the king Catholikes for conclusion of the mariage that was solicited betwene Ferd. d'Austriche and the seconde daughter of Fraunce not yet foure yeares of age But the practise of that mariage vanished presently by reason of the peace that was now established And the Frenche king to satisfie better the king of England gaue order that the Duke of Suffolke Capteine generall of the Launceknightes that were in his pay should departe the dominions of Fraunce in whom the honors recompences that the king made to him ouercame all occasions of discontentment the bountie and liberalitie of the one being no greater then the affabilitie and disposition of the other The Pope had also in this time made new aliances for that according to his dissimulations he wished on the one side that the frēch king should not recouer the duchie of Millan and on the other side he sought to enterteine the king and the other princes as much as he could with sundry meanes And therfore he had delt with the king by the Cardinall S. Seuerin who managed his affayres in the court of Rome that seing the times suffred not to knit betwene them a more great and more discouered aliance that at least there might be layed a beginning fundation whervpon might be raysed a hope to accomplish at an other time a more straite intelligence to those ends he sent him the particularities of articles But the french king notwithstanding he made demonstration to like well of the motion did not answer so directly spedily as was looked for he was xv dayes in resoluing either for thimpedimēt of other affayres or that he exspected some answere from an other place to th ende to proceede according to the trayne of affayres By which delaying the Pope entred into newe capitulations for a
enuie that stirred vp in men this consideracion was redoubled by the accident of the plague which beginning in Rome at his arriuall afflicted the Citie during the whole season of Autumne to the great calamitie and losse of the people A matter which in the fancies of men was construed to an euill prognostication of his Pontificacie The first councell that this Pope tooke was to aduaunce the recouering of Rimini and to put ende to the controuersies which the Duke of Ferrara had continued with two of his latest predecessors And for the better succeeding of that expedition he sent into Romagnia that regiment of fifteene hundred Spanishe footemen which he had brought with him for the more suretie of his passage by sea Whylest the Pope was in these actions and preparacions in Italie themperour cast in his mind howe muche it would import to the successe and sewertie of his affayres in Italy to seperat the Venetians from the French king To which deuise was much helping an opinion that he had that the hopes of the french matters being diminished the Senat would not be without manifest inclinacion to peace and that they would not for thinterests of others laye them selues downe to the daungers which such a warre might bring vpon their estates In this practise he communicated with the king of England who affore had lent him money secretly against the French king and began openly to take part against him They sent thether their Embassadors to require the Senate to confederat with thEmprour for the defense of Italy Ierom Adorna being for thEmprour Richard Pase for the king of Englād There was also exspectacion of an Embassador from Ferdinand Archduke of Austria Caesars brother who enterteyning many quarrells with the Venetians it was iudged necessary that he should interpose and communicat in all accords Besides the king of England sent a Herald to pronownce warre against the French king in case he would not come to a generall truce with thEmprour for three yeares in all partes of the world ▪ and therein should be comprehended the Church the Duke of Myllan and the Florentyns he complained also in this diffiance that the French king had forborne to pay him thanuitie of fiftie thowsand crownes which he was bound to aunswer yearly But the French king whose youth made him more apt to trust in fortune then to looke into things by counsell refused to make truce And touching the demaund of the fifty thowsand crownes he protested openly that it was not conuenient for him to pay money to him that ayded his enemies with money An aunswer which so aggrauated the disdaines hartburnings betwene them that thEmbassadors on both sides were reuoked This yeare departed out of Italy Don Iohn Manuell who had bene Caesars Embassador at Rome with very great authoritie And at his departure he deliuered to the Florentyns a scedule subsigned by his hande declaring that Caesar by a scedule published in September 1520. promised to Pope Leo to reconfirme and eftsoones to reaccord to the Florentyns the priuileges of estate of authority of the townes which they held within six moneths after the first dyot vppon his coronation at Aix This was a reitteracion of a former promisse made by him to accomplish the same within foure monethes after his election within which time he sayde he could not dispatch it for many iust causes So that vnder protestacion of that reasonable excuse Don Iohn promised it eftsoones in the name of Caesar who ratified the scedule in March 1523. and deliuered the expedicion of it in writing in a most ample forme As hath bene set downe before Caesar passed this yeare into Spaine where he proceeded seuerely against many that were noted the Authors of the sedicion and to others he remitted all punishments and pardoned their goods In which action to ioyne with iustice and clemencie examples of recompense and remuneracion he called to the Court in great honor Ferdinand Duke of Calabria who refusing to be Capteine of the commons that rebelled he rewarded his fidelitie with the mariage of Madame Germania sometimes wife to the king of Spaine she was riche but barreine to thend that house should determine in him who was the last of the descendants of olde Alfonso king of Aragon two of his younger brothers being dead before the one in Fraunce and the other in Italy But the ende of this yeare was made no lesse wretched and vnhappy then slaunderous to all Christian Princes for the losse of the I le of Rhodes which Solyman Ottoman tooke by violence notwithstanding it was defended by the Knightes of Rhodes called in other times more auncient the knightes of Saint Iohn of Ierusalem And abiding in that place since they were chased out of Ierusalem notwithstanding they laye betweene two so mightie princes as the Turke and the Soldan yet their vallour had preserued it of long tyme and to the right worthy glorie of their order they had remayned as an assured rampier of Christian religion in those seas And yet they were not without their imputacions and notes of infamie for that hauing a continuall custome for the better defending of those shoares to spoyle the vessells of the infidells they were thought sometymes to make pillage of Christian shipps The Turke sente into thilande a wonderfull greate armie which remayning there manye monethes with no lesse horrour to good men for their cruelties then terrour to all men for their huge numbers at laste he came thither in person And drawing to his desire of conquest and glorie the respect of profite and ryches which the victorie woulde yeelde he loste not one minute of tyme to vexe them wherein his industrie was nothing inferiour to his vallour for sometimes he caste monstrous mynes and trenches sometymes he raysed platfourmes of earth and wood whose height ouertopped the walles of the towne and sometymes he afflicted them with moste furious and bloudy assaultes In so muche that as these workes and engines were not perfourmed without a wonderfull boocherie and slaughter of his souldiours so also the defence of them was so daungerous to the lyues of them within that manye numbers were diminished manye bodyes maymed and made vnseruiceable and the residue made terrified by the calamities of their companions and friendes to whome they coulde giue no other propertie of compassion then to mourne with them their common miserie Their aduersitie was so muche the more intollerable by howe muche theyr trauelles were without fruite their wordes withoute comforte and their vallour disfauoured of fortune and lastely their stoare of gonne powder was consumed whiche is not the least necessitie for the desence of a place They sawe affore their eyes huge breaches made into their walles with thartilleries of thennemies They decerned seuerall mynes wrought into many partes of the towne and they founde by lamentable experience that the lesse good they did the more paynefully they laboured for that their fortune had reduced them to these
his authoritie was greate and his capacitie singular In his place was sente from Millan for Caesar Martin Caracciolo pronotorie to the sea Apostolike who many yeares after was created Cardinall by Pope Pavvle the thirde Manye monethes were spent in this negociation at Venice where the Frenche kinge became no small impediment to the resolucion by the importunate labour and diligence of hys Embassadours by whome he promised sometymes by letters and sometymes by messaungers especiall that he woulde discende speedilye into Italie with a right puissant armye These offers and promises bredde greate diuersitie of opinions amongest the Senators and continuall argumentes and disputacions for manye gaue counsayle not to abandon thalliance of the Frenche king and reapposed altogether vppon hys promise to sende presentlye an armye into Italie Whiche hope the Frenche king labouring to feede with a wonderfull diligence he had newely sent to Venice Ranso de Cere not onely to enterteine and confirme his promise but also to publishe the manyfest preparacion of thinges Others remembring howe in the hope of many things past the king had behaued himselfe negligently could not now exspect any confidence in his promise to passe into Italie wherein that opinion was confirmed in them by certaine aduertisementes from Iohn Baduere their Embassador in Fraunce who assured them that for that yere the French king woulde neyther passe in person nor sende anye armye into Italie An intelligence whiche he had from rhe Duke of Burbon who was already very secretly conioyned with Caesar and wished the Venetians to enterteine vnitie with him An other sort of the Senators wauering in minde stoode terrified no lesse by the yll successe of the king then by the good fortunes of Caesar wherevnto they ioyned this consideracion that in Italie the Duke of Millan the Genovvayes the Florentins together with all Tuskane followed the faction of Caesar and doubted also least the Pope woulde likewise concurre in that inclinacion And out of Italie were for him his brother the Archeduke confining vppon the Venetian estates and the king of Englande making continuall warre in Pickardie In whiche diuersitie of opinions running no lesse amongest the principalls of the Senate then the vniuersall multitude the deliberacion could not long suspende aswell for the forwardnes of things as for thimportunities of Caesars Embassadors by whose continuall solicitacion the councel of the Pregati was assembled to pronounce the resolucion In this Councell spake Andrevv Gritti in this sort a personage of very high authoritie in that common weale for the great offices he had administred and of especiall reputacion throughout all Italie and with forreine princes for the merite of his witte and dealing There is nothing more hurtefull in Counsellors then the passion of ielousie and suspicion which drawing with it diuersitie and seperacion of willes is so much the more preiudiciall by howe muche it stoppeth oftentimes the libertie and freedome of well counselling And for my parte albeit I am not ignoraunt that in giuing counsell at this present not to departe from the confederacion of the Frenche king some will interpret me to parcialitie as though in me bare more respect and authoritie the long custome and conuersacion I haue had with the French then the care and affection which in nature and equitie I ought to expresse to the benefite of the common weale Yet I will rather laye my selfe downe to the imputations of men then kepe suppressed that fidelitie of counselling which in good office apperteineth to euery good Citisen in whom can not be exspected anye good propertie eyther of a Citisen or a Senator that for anye occasion forbeareth to perswade to others that whiche in him selfe he decerneth to be good for the common weale And yet I doubte not that amongest men of discression and wisedome this interpretacion will finde no place bothe for the consideracion of my customes and actions in all tymes paste and also for that I neuer negociated with the Frenche king nor his counsell but as your Agent your Creature your Commissioner and your Deputie limited and regulated But touching the present matter I doubt not to accompanie my opinion and counsell with suche force of reasons and examples as shall be hable to make me iustified euen with such as holde me suspected We are assembled heare to dispute whether we oughte to make a new confederacion with themperour both contrarie to the fayth we haue giuen and agaynst the couenantes of the league which we haue with the house of Fraunce Whiche in my iudgement is no other thing then to go about so to assure and confirme the power of themprour already vniuersally redouted that being without further remedie to moderate and embase it it rise not continually encreasing to our right great and apparant preiudice We haue no cause wherein maye be taken any reason to iustifie that deliberacion if we looke into the fidelitie and equitie of the French king for that as he hath for the most part fulfilled thalliance that he hath made with vs and carefully restrained himselfe to the reasonable obseruacion of amitie league so though thesfects haue not followed so readily to renew the warre in Italie yet in regarde of his proper interestes therein concurring that hath not proceeded of other matter then of thimpedimentes growing vppon him in the kingdome of Fraunce whiche albeit maye for a tyme prolong or deferre hys counselles yet lette vs not looke that they wyll vtterly dissolue hys enterprise for that he liues possessed with so great a desire to recouer the duchie of Millan and hath his forces so mightie and readye that hauing once susteined the first bruntes of his enemies there will nothing lette him to renewe his armie and recontinue the warre in Italie Wherin I maye aptlye vse for example the experience and memorie of king Lovvis who hauing his countrey inuaded with armies farre more mightie then those that now vex him for that almost all the nations and regions rounde about him rose into conspiracie agaynst him yet did he so easily defende his estates by the greatnes of his forces by the municion and defence of his frontiers and places confining and with the fidelity readines of his peoples that when in all reasonable consideracion it was thought that necessitie would driue him to retyre himselfe for a time and restrayne his minde to rest and tranquillitie he raysed his thoughtes to the warres of Italie and in that vniuersall coniecture of his weaknes sent thither sodenly right huge mightie armies The king raigning dyd the like in the first yeare of his raigne and euen then entred into the renouacion of the warre when both by his new ascending to the crowne and also finding his treasors consumed by the infinite exspences of his predecessor euery man looked that he would put of the warre till another yeare Let vs not interprete sinisterly of his delayes and deferring and muche lesse let vs laye them for an excuse of our variacions seeing
Realme of Fraunce was to appease and assure the minde of the king of England iudging truely that if they could reduce him to amitie and reconcilement the Crowne of Fraunce should remayne without quarrell or molestation Where if he on the one side and themprour on the other should ryse in one ioynt force hauing concurrant with them the person of the duke of Burbon and many other oportunities and occasions it could not be but all things woulde be full of difficulties and daungers Of this the Lady Regent began to discerne many tokens and apparances of good hope for notwithstanding the king of Englande immediatly after the first reapportes of the victory had not only expressed great tokens of gladnes reioysing but also published that he would in person passe into Fraunce and withall had sent Embassadors to themprour to solicite treate of the mouing of warre ioyntly together yet proceding in deede with more mildnes then was exspected of so furious showes tokens he dispatched a messanger to the Lady Regent to sende to him an expresse Embassador which accordingly was accomplished that with fulnes of authority commission such as brought with it also all sortes of submissions implorations which she thought apt to reduce to appeasement the mind of that king so highly displeased he reapposed himself altogether vpon the will and counsel of the cardinal of Yorke who seemed to restrayne the king his thoughtes to this principall end that bearing such a hand vpon the controuersies quarrels that ranne betwene other princes al the world might acknowledge to depend vpon him and his authoritie the resolution and exspectation of all affayres And for this cause he offred to themperour at the same time to discend into Fraunce with a puissant army both to giue perfection to the alliance concluded betwene them before and also to remoue all scruple and ielousie he offred presently to consigne vnto him his daughter who was not as yet in an age and disposition able for mariage But in these matters were very great difficulties partly depending vpon himself and partly deriuing from themprour who nowe shewed nothing of that readines to contract with him which he had vsed before for the king of England demaunded almost al the rewards of the victory as Normandy Guyen Gascoign with the title of king of Fraunce And that themprour notwithstanding thinequality of the conditions should passe likewise into Fraunce and cōmunicate equally in thexspences dangers Thinequality of these demaūds troubled not a litle themprour to whō they were by so much the more grieuous by howmuch he remēbred that in the yeres next before he had always deferred to make warre euē in the greatest dangers of the french king So that he perswaded himselfe that he should not be able to make any fundation vpon that confederation And standing in a state no lesse impouerished for mony tresor thē made weary with labors perils he hoped to draw more cōmodities from the french king by the meane of peace then by the violence of armes warre specially ioyning with the king of England Besides he made not that accompt which he was wont to do of the mariage of his daughter both for her minority in age also for the dowry for the which he should stande accōptable for so much as themprour had receyued by way of loane of the king of England he semed by many tokens in nature to nourish a wonderful desire to haue children and by the necessitie of his condicion he was caried with great couetousnes of money vppon which two reasons he tooke a great desire to marye the sister of the house of Portugall which was both in an age hable for mariage and with whome he hoped to receyue a plentifull porcion in gold and treasor besides the liberalities of his own peoples offered by waye of beneuolence in case the mariage went forwarde suche was their desire to haue a Queene of the same nation and language and of hope to procreate children for these causes the negociacion became euery daye more hard and desperat betweene both those Princes wherein was also concurrant the ordinary inclinacion of the Cardinall of Yorke towardes the Frenche king together with the open complaintes he made of thEmprour aswell for thinterests and respects of his king as for the small reputacion thEmprour beganne to holde of him He considered that affore the battell of Pauya thEmprour neuer sent letters vnto him which were not written with his owne hande and subscribed your sonne and Cosin Charles But after the battell he vsed the seruice of Secretories in all the letters he wrote to him infixing nothing of his owne hande but the subscripcion not with titles of so greate reuerence and submission but onely with this bare worde Charles In this alteracion of affection of the Cardinall the king of England tooke occasion to receiue with gracious wordes and demonstracions thEmbassador sent by the Ladye regent to whome he gaue comfort to hope well in thinges to come And a litle afterwards estraunging his minde wholly from th affayres which were in negociacion betwene him and thEmprour he made a confederacion with the Lady regent contracting in the name of her sonne wherein he would haue inserted this expresse condicion that for the kings raunsom and deliuerie should not be deliuered to thEmprour any thing that at that time should be vnder the power or possession of the crowne of Fraunce This was the first hope which fell vppon the Realme of Fraunce And this was the first consolation in so many aduersities which afterwards went on increasing by the disorders of thImperialls in Italy They were become so insolent for so great a victorie that perswading them selues that all men and all difficulties should yeeld and giue place to their will their glory made them lose thoccasion to accorde with the Venetians and gaynesaye thinges which they had promised to the Pope and lastly brought them to fill full of suspicions both the Duchie of Myllan and all the other regions of Italy And so going on to sowe seedes of new innouacions and troubles they reduced thEmprour to this necessitie to make a rashe deliberacion daungerous for his estate in Italy if his auncient felicitie and the harde fortune and destinie of the Pope had not beene of greater force Matters assuredly moste worthy of a knowledge perticular to th end that of accidents and things so memorable may be vnderstanded the foundacions and councells which being oftentymes hid are for the most part reuealed and published after a manner most farre from the truth But skarcely had the Pope capitulated with the Viceroy when were presented vnto him the great offers of Fraunce to stirre him vppe to the warre wherein albeit he wanted not the perswasions of many to induce him to the same effecte and lesse diminucion of the distrust which he had before of thImperialls yet he determined to take suche a coursse and proceeding in all thinges
to pay thirtie thowsand duckats monthly for the warre of Italy in which was determined the contribucion promised before for six monethes But by how much were augmented and enforced the preparacions of the warre by so much and by the same degrees were kindled redoubled the hatreds of both the princes hauing especiall interest in this warre either of them tooke occasion to multiplie iniuries and enforce quarrells In which passions they contended no lesse with courage and malice then with force and armes For whereas thempror about two yeares before in the towne of Grenado when in like sorte the peace was solicited betwene the french king and him spake to the President of Grenoble the french embassador then certeine wordes inferring that he would willingly put end to all quarrells betwene the king and him by a singular combat of both their personnes to th ende to auoide so much bloode and affliction of Christians and personnes innocent And whereas also since that time he had cōfirmed the same wordes to the herald the last time he signified the warre to him with this addicion that the french king had delt with him villanously and cowardly in falsesying the faith he had giuen to him These speeches being now deliuered ouer to the king he thought he could not let them lie in silence without his ignominie and dishonor And therefore albeit the chalenge might better become the personnes of knightes then to be performed by princes of their estate and greatnes yet being no lesse guided with the enuie of the chalenge then desirous to purge and iustifie his honor he caused to assemble the xxvij of Marche in a great hall of his pallaice at Paris all his princes attending his person all thembassadors resident from the forreine and the whole presence of his court And in that aspect and stately view of nobles embassadors the king in his time discended into the hall with a great pompe and furnishment of sumptuous attire no lesse honorably accompanied with a traine of Barons where after he was with all ceremonies of state dignitie set in his seate royall he caused to be called before him themprours embassador who sued for his dispatch for that it was determined that being conueighed to Bayone he should be deliuered at the same time that the other confederat embassadors were set at libertie who for that purpose were conducted to Bayone When thembassador stoode in his presence the king spake to him excusing and alleadging that thempror had bene principally the cause of his restraining for that in an example new and against humanitie he had kept reteined his embassadors and the agents of his confederats But seing he was now to go to Bayone to th ende there might be an vniuersall deliuerie at one time he desired him to cary from him a letter to thempror and to deliuer a message from him of this tenor That whereas thempror had saied to his herald that he had falsefied his faith he had saied falsely and that hovv many times he had spoken it so many times had he lied and that for aunsvvere to th ende not to linger the tryall of their quarells he vvould assigne him the place vvhere they might together performe the combat But thembassador refusing either to cary the letter or to deliuer the message the king saied he would send to signifie no lesse to him by a herald he added also to the message that albeit he was not ignorant that themprour had spoken wordes against the honor of his brother the king of England yet he would make no mencion of that knowing that the saied king was well hable to deale in his owne defense And yet if thorow the indisposicion of his body he had any lawfull impedimēt he offred to present his person to hazard for him Not many daies after the king of England gaue the same deffiance and with the same solemnities and ceremonies The same somewhat offending the honor of the princes of Christendome who in their rage of malice could not forbeare to defile their mindes with such passions hauing ronning amongest them a warre of so great importance and so much preiudiciall to all the common wealth of Christendom But amyd these great heates and furies of warre and armes the order of our story draweth into discourse some reapport of the king of England touching the refusing of the Lady Katherine of Aragon The saied king had to wife the said Lady Katherine daughter to Ferdinand and Elyzabeth kings of Spayne a queene worthy of such parents and for her vertues and good behauior vniuersally beloued reuerenced of the whole estate of the realme In the time of the father of that king she was maried to prince Arthure eldest sonne to the crowne but being almost no sooner maried then she was made a widow by the hasty death of her husband she was eftsoones by the consent of her father and father in law married to prince Henry the younger brother but with dispensacion of Pope Iulio in regard of thaffinitie that was neare and straite of which mariage was procreated a sonne who died immediatly and afterwardes there succeded no other generacion of children then a daughter The same giuing occasion to the court to murmure that for the vnlawfulnes of the mariage being not dispensable in the first degree the crowne was by miracle depriued of issue male This occasion was aptly taken and managed by the Cardinall of Yorke who knowing the kings desire to haue sonnes began to perswade him that refusing his first wife who iustly was not his wife he might dispose himselfe to marie an other Wherein much lesse that he was induced by conscience or of a simple desier to bring issue male to the king but he was caried in that action with a secret opinion that in drawing his king to embrase a second mariage he might happlie induce him to fix his affection vpon the Ladie Renea daughter to king Lovvys A matter which was desired by him with no small industrie and ambicion for that knowing he was generally hated of all the realme he sought to prepare remedies for his owne estate against all accidents that might happen both during the life and after the death of the king he tooke also one strong inducement to that practise vpon the greate malice he had conceiued against themperour for that neither in demonstracions nor with effects he did not further and satisfie his incredible pride neither did he doute for the great authoritie the king and he had with the Pope to dispose him to publish iudicially the diuorce The king opened readely his eares to this councell not that he was caried with those endes which the Cardinall of Yorke had fashioned But according to thopinion of many he tooke the chiefest reason of his inducement vppon the loue he bare to a Ladie of the Queenes traine whome he determined to make his wife In which course of loue and choosing the king was so secret and priuate that
coulde not directly refuse the appoyntment they demaunded at least to be satisfied before they departed of their payes due to them before that daye Neuerthelesse what by the force of reasons and perswasions and what by the example of some particulars inducing the residue by their good inclination they promised at laste to followe the Duke so farrefoorth as he would paye them onely fiue payes A condition verye harde to accomplishe and furnishe for that there was no possibilitie to make anye more leauyes of money of thinhabitantes of Millan neither by way of rigor or threatninges nor by sacking their houses nor by imprisoning their persons Besides in that estate of extreame violence and oppression suche as were absente and had abandoned the towne were adiorned and taxed at rates to nourishe the armie and those that vppon sommonce refused to appeare their goods by sentence were giuen to the souldiours At last both by the industrie of the Duke and the extremitie of the time all these difficulties were ouercome and the Imperialls called on both by the necessitie of the seruice hazard of the whole warre passed ouer the riuer of Pavv the last day saue one of Ianuary The day after one parte of the launceknights who before had passed ouer the ryuer of Trebia repassed it agayne and wente to lodge at Pontenouo and the residue of the army stayde beyond Plaisanca On the other side the Marquis of Salussa who had all his regiments bands of souldiors dispersed in the contrey was at Parma And the Duke of Vrbin being now come to Casalmaior and to whose opinion and election the Venetians had referred to passe or not passe the ryuer of Pavv began to passe his companies assuring the army that if thimperials tooke the way of Tuskane according to thaduertisements he had receiued from Millan That both he would passe in person with 600. men at armes 9000. footemen and 500. light horsmen and through his celeritie would be before them at Bolognia and also the Marquis of Salussa shoulde do the like with his regimentes and the bandes of the Churche The armie imperiall stayed about twenty dayes the one halfe on this side and the other halfe beyonde Plaisanca A matter happning partly through the difficulty of money the Launceknightes not hauing receyued till that day one penye of the Duke of Burbon and partely by a desyre he had to plant his campe before Plaisanca though happly more for the difficulties he founde to passe further then for any other matter Wherein the better to aduaunce his intention for the besieging of Plaisanca he solicited the Duke of Ferrara to furnish him with powder and artilleries and to come and ioyne his person with the army offring to sende out to meete him fiue hundred men at armes and capteine George with sixe thousande footemen To this demaunde the Duke of Ferrara made aunswere that he could not with any safety sende powder through the countrey of thenemie for that it could not be without manyfest daunger of interception And that he coulde not without apparant hazarde of his person ioyne him selfe with him for that all the companies of the league laye in the wayes of his passage But bee it there were safetie and facilitie in both those wayes yet he wished the Duke of Burbon to consider that he coulde not do a thing more commodious for thenemie nor more agreable to their desires then to stande temporising and loase time about the action of those townes one after an other That if he tooke not Plaisanca wherein the doubt was greater then the hope or if he dyd take it the action whereof woulde deuowre a great deale of tyme he was to looke howe farre it would concerne hys reputation and with what meanes he were hable to pursue the warre hauing so great wantes of money and other prouisions Lastely he tolde him that the waye to aduaunce the benefite of themprour and to establishe the victorie was to drawe and addresse him selfe to the head and casting behinde him all other enterprises to march with celeritie to Bolognia and there to determine eyther to force that towne in which enterprise he could not want succours or at least to passe on eyther to Florence or to Rome But during the counsell and expedition of these matters together with the deuises the Duke of Burbon vsed to get money both to make vp the full pay of the Spanish souldiors and to giue some releefe to the Launceknightes amongest whom at their departing from Plaisanca he distributed two crownes to euerye man The warre went on and was strongly kindled in the estate of the Churche for Banso de Cere at his returne from Fraunce was newlye gone to the campe Ecclesiastike whiche campe laye very neare to the Viceroy who was then vppon the confines of Cepperana where certayne bandes of Italian footemen gaue an ouerthrowe to three hundred men of the Spanish footemen But the counsels and opinions of men were diuerse touching the maner howe to defende thestate ecclesiastike for as Vitelly before the comming of Ranso had coūselled the Pope to abandon the prouince of Campagnia and to bestow two thousand footmen within Tiuoly and two thousand within Pillistrina and the residue of the army to remayne at Villetra to stop the Viceroy for going to Rome So Ranso ariuing euen vpon the poynt of this resolution reproued the counsell to remayne and be inclosed within Villetra both for the great and large circuite of the towne the many impediments and incommodities to fortifie it and lastly for the vnaptnes and many inconueniences it bare to stoppe the passage of thenemies But his opinion was to haue the armie holden within Ferentin where by reason they shoulde not be tyed to the garding of so many places it should be more strong and full besides also that the place gaue good oportunitie to hinder thenemies for passing further This counsell was approued and holden for good and according to the reasons and directions of it they bestowed within Frusolone a principall towne of Campagnia and within fiue myles of Ferentin a garrison of eyghteene hundred footemen of the regimentes of Iohn de Medicis who for the moste parte were called by the name of the blacke bandes And thither were also sent Alexander Vitelly Iohn Baptista Sauella and Peter Biraguo commaunders ouer light horsemen But in this meane while the famuly of the Colonnois had secretly conspired with Napoleon Vrsin Abbot of Farfa and had induced him to take armes in the towne of Rome as souldiour to themprour But the Pope hauing aduertisement of the whole practise whiche he dyd dissemble with the same suttlety which he founde it out withall found meane to send the Abbot who had receiued money of him before to mete Monsr Vaudemont the duke of Lorraines brother whom the french king sent to him to fauor the enterprise of Naples And by the Popes direction the Abbot was apprehended neare to Pracciano and sent prisoner to
the castell S. Angelo The Pope was al this while in no smal thought to make prouision of money wherin imploring the ayde of other princes he receiued of new from the king of England a supply of thirty thousand duckets which the lord Russell his Chamberlaine brought to him And with him came Monsr de Rabandanges with ten thousande crownes sent to him by the french king vpon the benefit of the tenthes which the Pope had accorded to him by necessitie compulsion vnder this promise notwithstāding that besides the payments of the forty thousand crownes which he gaue to the league and twenty thousand which he contributed to the Pope for euery moneth he should presently minister to him thirty thousand duckets within a moneth thirty thousand more The king of Englande gaue commission also to the Lorde Russell to signifie to the Viceroy and the Duke of Burbon a surseance of armes to th end to giue sufferance and tyme to treate a peace the practise and negociation whereof according to themprours will was holden in Englande And if the Viceroy would not condiscend to it then to denounce agaynst him warre It seemed by this readynes and many other apparances that the king of Englande vnder a desire to marry his daughter with the Frenche king was well inclined to the confederates and fauoured their cause And in that good inclination he promised that assoone as the mariage were established to enter into the league and beginne the warre in Flaunders It seemed also he was particularly disposed to do pleasure to the Pope But there could be no great exspectation of ready remedies from a prince who both measured not well the present conditions of Italy nor stoode firme and resolute in his purposes beeing styll labored and retyred by the hope which themprour gaue him to commit to him the working and arbitration of the peace notwithstanding theffectes were in nothing correspondant to the semblances and showes he made for when the Auditor of the Chamber was with him for that matter albeit themprour did what he could to perswade him in many sortes that such was his intention yet for that he exspected some euentes from Italy since the discending of the launceknightes and the aryuall of his Nauy at sea wherof he had receiued some aduertisement he forbare to giue him an aunswere assured and certayne taking his excuse vppon the warrantes and commissions of the confederates as though they were not sufficient But thaccorde whiche the Pope solicited continually with the Viceroy hurt him not a little with the Confederates both for that they stoode alwayes in feare least he woulde resolue and compound with him And also the French king and the Venetians made this iudgement that all the exspences and defraymentes whiche they should make to support him would be almost vnprofitable This iudgement and suspicion tooke encreasing by certayne degrees of vehement feares whiche were discerned in him together with the lamentable protestations he made dayly that he was no more hable to susteine the warre Wherein agaynst hys ordinarye meane and remedy in that case he opposed wilfully his naturall obstinacy would not make Cardinalls for money nor releeue himselfe in so great necessities amid so many daungers of the Church with those meanes which other Popes had wont to vse yea euen in thatchieuing of their vniust and ambicious enterprises In which regarde the French king and the Venetians to be the better prepared and ready in all accidents were eftsones particularly bound to make no accord with themprour the one without the other And the French king for that cause and for the great hope which the king of Englande gaue to rayse together with him in case the mariage went forwarde great emotions in the spring following became more negligent and lesse carefull of the daungers of Italy In this time the Viceroy who solicited an inuasion vpon the Churche states dispatched a regiment of two thousande Spanish footemen to assault a small Castell of Stephen Colonno where the vallour of the defendantes made that enterprise in vayne And because the Viceroy came on and aduaunced thecclesiastikes referred to an other time to execute the resolution taken to batter the Popes rocke the garrisons of which place had surprised the Castell Gandolffo but weakly manned and at that tyme holden by the Cardinall de Monte At last the Viceroy after he had assembled into one strength twelue thousande footemen all bodyes commaunded and trayned sauing the Spaniards and Launceknights that were come with him by sea encamped with his whole armie the xxix of Ianuary before Frusolone a towne weake and without walles sauing that the howses of some particulars serue as a wall and within the which the capteines of the Church had bestowed garrison because they would leaue him no footing nor entrie into Campagnia to the weaknes of this place was ioyned a great necessitie and want of vittells and yet the situation of the towne standing vpon a hill giueth alwayes to the inhabitantes good meane and oportunitie to saue them selues of one side for that it beareth a certaine benesite of reskew and backing A matter which gaue a great resolution to the garrison within to defende it besides that they were of the best choyse of Italians whiche at that time tooke paye Moreouer the height of the mountayne was no litle impediment to thenemies to do any action vpon their artilleries of which they had planted three demy Cannons and foure Coluerines Onely the greatest care of thenemies was to stoppe as muche as they could the entry of vittells into the towne On the other side the Pope who albeit was muche impouerished for money and was more apt to suffer indignitie to desire others to releeue him then to furnishe himselfe by meanes extraordinary encreased his campe as muche as he could with bandes of footemen payed and trayned And in that incertentie of minde and dealing he had newly taken into his paye Horacio Baillon without keeping memorie or obseruation of the iniuries which he had done before to his father and afterwardes to him whom he had of long holden prisoner within the Castell of S. Angelo as a troubler of the quiet of Perousa With these supplies of souldiours his armie went on alwayes drawing neare to Ferentin to make there his generall moosters and to giue hope of succours to those that were besieged The batterye of Frusolona was reduced to perfection the xxiiij day but because it was not suche as to giue hope to cary the place there was no assault performed Onely capteine Alarcon trauelling about the walles was hurt with the blowe of a harquebuse and likewise Maria Vrsin was wounded One of the principall grounds and hopes of the Viceroy was that he was not ignorant that the souldiors within suffred great scarcitie of vittells as also the armie that moostred at Ferentin was in the same extremitie for the souldiours of the Colonnois whiche laye within Palicina Montfortin and the Popes Rocke the
great will and readynes to finde the armie with intention and hope to be created Capteine generall But beeinge aryued at Rome whither he passed vnder safeconduit of the Capteines of the armie he founde no good inclination in the Launceknightes and Spaniardes who after the death of the Duke of Burbon had elected to that place the Prince of Orange By reason of whiche preuention together with the yll disposition of the armie continuing he had no reason to abyde at Rome And yet as he went towardes Naples he was encountred in the waye by the Marquis of Guast Don Hugo and Capteine Alarcon by whose counsells he returned eftsones to Rome Neuerthelesse for that he was not agreable to the armye he bare no more authoritie neyther in the affayres of the warre nor in the negociation of accorde with the Pope Who beeing by his aduersitie made naked of all helpe present and lesse exspectation to be reskewed where was so great want of vallour and order was dryuen to runne the race of his fortune compounding the sixth day of Iune with the Imperialles almost vnder the same conditions with the which he mighte haue accorded before That the Pope should pay to the Armie foure hundred thousande duckets in this order one hundred thousande presently to be defrayed of the golde money and treasure reserued in the Castell fiftie thousande within twentie dayes and two hundred and fiftie thousande within two monethes Assigning to him for these defraymentes an imposte of money to be charged vpon the whole Church state That he should deliuer into the power of themprour to reteyne them so long as he thought good the Castell Saint Angeo the Rockes of Ostia of Ciuitavecchia and of Ciuita Castellano together with the Cities of Parma Plaisanca and Modena That the Pope together with all those Cardinalls that were with him which were thirteene in number should remayne prisoners within the Castell vntill the firste payment of an hundred and fiftie thousande duckets were satisfied That afterwards they should goe to Naples or to Caietta to exspect what themprour would determine of them That for assurance of the paymentes whereof the thirde parte apperteined to the Spaniardes he should deliuer in for ostages the Archbishops of Siponto and Pisa the Bishoppes of Pistoia and Verona together with Iames Saluiatio Simon de Ricasola and Lavvrence brother to Cardinall Rodolffo That Ranso de Cero Albert Pio Oratio Baillon the knight Casalo thembassadour of Englande with all others that were saued within the Castell except the Pope and the Cardinalles shoulde departe in suretie That the Pope should giue absolution to the Colonnois of the censures they had incurred And that when he shoulde bee ledde out of Rome a Legate shoulde remayne there for him with authoritie to dispose and administer iustice Assoone as this accorde was passed Capteine Alarcon entred within the Castell with three bandes of Spanishe footemen and three companies of Launceknights who because there was put vppon him the confidence and deputation to garde the Castell and the Pope he perfourmed it with a very strayte and seuere watche suche as shutte vp from the prisoners almoste all libertie But touching the other castells and townes promised they were not so easily consigned for that as the Castell of Ciuitavecchia was kepte and defended in the name of the Confederates so Andrea Dore notwithstanding he had receyued warrant and commaundement from the Pope refused to deliuer vp the Castell of Ciuita Castellano vnlesse he were firste satisfied of foureteene thousande duckets which he sayde were due to him for his paye Iulian Leno a Romaine was sent to Parma and Plaisanca in the Popes name and Lodovvike Count of Lodron accompanied in the name of the Capteines with commaundement to those Cities to obey the will of themprour notwithstanding the Pope had giuen them secrete aduertisement to the contrarie And accordingly those Cities abhorring the iurisdiction of the Spaniardes refused to receyue them Touching them of Modena they stoode not in their owne power for that the Duke of Ferrara letting not passe any occasion whiche the calamities of the Pope offred him threatned them to ouerrunne and waste all their corne whiche was nowe type by whiche compulsion he constrayned them to render vp the towne to hym the sixt of Iune not without the infamie of Count Lodovvike Rangon who notwithstanding the Duke had but a small strength with him lefte the towne abandoned without making any signe of resistance In this action the Duke respected not the authoritie of the Venetians who perswaded him to attempt or innouate nothing agaynst the Church in such troubled times And yet they themselues enterteyning intelligence with the Guelffes of Rauenna after they had sent certeine bands of footemen vnder cooller to defende the towne for feare of those of Cotignola conuerted to themselues the iurisdiction possession of that city and vnder the same cloke tooke the castell after thay had made secret slaughter of the capteine publishing that they would holde it in the name of the whole league Not many dayes after they possessed thēselues of Ceruia the saltes that were there apperteining to the Pope whose estates being neither garded nor defended further then the people and inhabitantes for their own interests stoode in defence of their places and libertie Sigismond Malatesta with the same facilitie seased vpon the towne and castell of Rimini The affayres of the Pope proceeded with no better course in the citie of Florence where when the accidence and losse of Rome was related to them the Cardinall Cortono whose feare was farre greater then his assurance resolued to giue place to necessitie and fortune He sawe he was abandoned of those partakers and Citizens who made profession to be friendes to the house of Medicis he sawe there remeyned no meane for him to leauy money without vsing meanes violent and extraordinary And lastly lacking deuocion to employe his owne purse at least till he saw a further euent and yssue of the armies who were marched to succour the Pope he stoode possessed with passions of feare and cowardisse and gaue skoape to the aduersities of the towne without laying to his hande to restrayne or moderat the vniuersall perill In which disposicion after he had made an assembly of the Citizens together he deposed vnto them the free administracion of the common weale hauing before obteined certeine priuileages and exempcions together with faculty to the Popes Nephewes to remeyne at Florence as Citizens priuat being clearly absolued and pardoned of all things past which they had committed ioyntly or seuerally against the estate Vppon the conclusion of which graunts the sixt daye of May he went to Lucquay with the Popes Nephewes where reprehending and repenting his departure in so greate timerousnes he practised to reteyne to him selfe the castells of Pysa and Lyuorna beeing already in the handes of Capteines of the Popes confidence who neuerthelesse hauing no hope of succours by reason of the Popes captiuity and