Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	brother_n	earl_n	john_n	2,493	5	5.5048	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A66548	A history of antient ceremonies containing an account of their rise and growth, their first entrance into the Church, and their gradual advancement to superstition therein.	Porrée, Jonas.; Douglas, Thomas, fl. 1661.; Wilson, John, fl. 1676-1678.	1669 (1669)	Wing W2895A; ESTC R27674	84,845	221

rest of them whom God miraculously preserved till this present time in some parts of Provence and divers Valleys of Piedmont being joyned to our Churches from the very beginning of the Reformation They disowned as they do at this day Papal Authority Transubstantiation Purgatory the Invocation of Saints Images Merits Monastick Vowes and all other Opinions which were in like manner rejected by the Reformed Churches of those times they embraced for their only Rule both of Faith and Practice the Old and New Testament their course of life also was simple and unblamable by the very relation of Claudius de Seissel Bishop of Marseilles who in a Book written against them howbeit he terms them mis-led in matter of Doctrine yet nevertheless acknowledgeth that as touching Life and Manners they were without reproach amongst men giving themselves with all their might unto the observance of the Commandments of God And many other sober Writers howbeit their Adversaries also have yet likewise acquitted them though not from all yet at least from the more heinous accusations Amongst whom was the Monk of the Valleys Sernay and James of Riberia who lived in the time wherein the Count de Montfort fomented so cruel a War against them namely in the beginning of the 13th Century so that we might easily gather that as hath been said all the grudge they bore them all the horrid accusations which they devised on purpose to brand them and make them odious all those proceeded from no other cause than that they withstood the Pope and his Innovations and for their animating the people against them Hence also it was that the Popes to the end they might quite exterminate them published divers Croisades after the year 1208 till the year 1243 during which time terrible Massacres were committed there being by the relation of some Historians above two hundred thousand cut off Yet notwithstanding we cannot think that any man of Reason would once imagine that if their colours had been as black as those wherein Rome and the Monks do paint them Alphonsus King of Aragon Raymond Count of Tholouse the Prince de Bearn the Counts de Foix Bigorre St. Gilles Comings Carmain Villemur Vicount de Beziers and Carcassonne and many other Barons and Persons of Honour would ever have upheld and protected them especially the King of Aragon and the Vicount de Beziers who were of a contrary Religion nor that any others would ever have imbraced their Faith therby becoming the objects of publick hatred and exposing themselves to exile and misery Add moreover that the Legats of Pope Innocent III. attended with many Abbots and Doctors of the Romish Communion being assembled to hold a Conference with some of the Pastours of the poor Waldenses and Albigenses the only thing propounded at that Conference upon the part of the said Pastors was these three ensuing Positions 1. That the Masse with Transubstantiation was a meer humane Invention 2. That the Church of Rome was no Church of Christ but a Church of Confusion drunken with the blood of Martyrs 3. That the policy of the Romish Church was nor good nor holy nor over established by Jesus Christ. From whence it is evident that therein lay the very crise and sum of the controversie and the chief controverted points of their Belief which in the year 1281 as appears by an Extract of the Municipal Priviledges of Realmont in Albigeoise was still professed by a great number of persons throughout all those quarters and indeed this prov'd no unfruitful Seminary being that not only the City of Realmont but likewise the whole Province of Languedock and other adjacent places God having in the beginning of the last Century caused his Word as it were to regerminate and sprout afresh yeelded a more goodly and plentiful harvest than that of the other parts of this Kingdom Anno 1315. NOw in this year appeared that great person Arnauldus de Villa Nova Doctor in Medicine and Chancelour of the University of Montpellier well skill'd in the Latine Greek and Arabick tongues for his knowledge in the Liberal Sciences the very wonder of his Age who in many excellent Treatises by him composed doth mightily inveigh against the Errours of the Romish Church he said that he perceived the very face of Antichrist in the Papacy and the order of Monks That Divines have wickedly confounded Philosophicall Dreams with sacred Scripture that in the Sacrifice so denominated from the Altar the Priest offered nought to God and that the Masses did nothing avail either the quick or the dead that Papal Constitutions were no other than humane Traditions containing only the doctrines of humane works and he proved by the Prophet Daniel and many other Authorities that Antichrist should in the height of Tyranny persecute the Faithful For which Opinions he was by the Jacobins of Tarascon judged a Heretick and whilst the King of Sicily was sending him to the Pope he died at Genoua James King of Aragon in an Epistle written to the same King of Sicily his Brother gave him a very good testimony Anno 1371. JOHN VVICKLIFF Doctor and Professor of Divinity in the University of Oxford a person of an exemplary life and conversation was at this time a strenuous Defender of the Truth of the Gospel zealously withstanding the corruptions and superstitions of Popery he was protected as long as King Edward III lived This Prince as also the Prince of Wales John Duke of Aquitany and of Lancaster his Brother the Earl of Salisbury the Baron of Cobham Lewis Clifford William Nevil and John Montaigue Knights Thomas Latimer Robert Ridgly Chancelour of the University of Oxford and many other Lords and persons of the prime Nobility and Clergy of England adhering to the Doctrine of the said Wickliff by the relation of Thomas of Walden and Croxton in his Chronicle who wrote against him But under the Reign of Richard II through the solicitation of the Pope and Monks he was banished afterwards being recalled from Exile he died peaceably in the year 1386 in the Parish of Luterworth where he had been Pastor But forasmuch as the Rage and Fury of the Adversaries doth exasperate them unto a Persecution of the Faithful not only to death but even to the very grave the Bones of this man of God were in the year 1451 at the instigation of the Court of Rome digged up and publickly burnt whose Ashes were in their time a Mystical Seed Anno 1414. JOhn Huss Batchelour in Divinity and Jerome of Prague Doctor of the Sorbonne persons of great Learning and no less integrity of Life who had from the year 1400 published the Truth of the Gospel in Bohemia having reap'd some first-fruits amongst the remnant of the Waldenses in those Countries and amongst some others that had professed the Doctrine of Wickliff they did so laboriously cultivate and improve the Lord's Field as that they left an abundant and excellent harvest behind them Now forasmuch

model and example of that of Rome whereupon the same Author tells us that there were many Bishops and Priests who would not in the least acknowledge him calling him the author of lyes a disturber of the Christian Peace and a corrupter of the Faith of Christians Anno 840. RAbanus Maurus Arch-bishop of Mayence and Disciple to Alcuinus whom he esteemed the most knowing person of all the Learned of those times in his Book of the Institution of Clerks speaking of the Sacrament of the Supper saith that when we are commanded to eat the flesh and to drink the blood of our Lord it is a figurative locution and that this mystery is spiritual And for this reason Thomas of Walden in an Epistle to Pope Martin V. who came to the Popedom in the year 1417 holds that he sens'd the holy Sacrament amiss and ranks him with Hereticks Anno 849. BErtram a Preacher of great fame as well by reason of his profound knowledge of the holy Scriptures as for his inculpable●life in a Treatise entituled Of the Body and Blood of our Lord which he addressed to the Emperour Charles the Bald upon that Emperours demanding of his Judgement touching the many Controversies moved about that Doctrine did in resolution to what was propounded to him plainly demonstrate by the Authority of Scripture of St. Augustine and the ancient Doctors that there is no such thing as Transubstantiation in the Supper but that the Bread and the Wine remain in their first substance under and by which the Body Blood of Jesus Christ are in an invisible and spiritual maner distributed and apprehended by faith alone That there is a spiritual body in this mystery that it is a mystical and spiritual comprehension of him and not that very Body which he assumed in the womb of the blessed Virgin He sticks not to say that the Body of Christ is therein for as much as the Spirit of Christ is there that is to say the power and efficacy of the Word of God which doth not only nourish but also purgeth and purifieth the soul. We find not that this great man was ever reprehended or reckoned an Heretick because of this Doctrine Anno 869. AT this time flourished John Erigine or Erwine otherwise a Scots-man skill'd in the Greek Arabick and Chaldaick Tongues a most famous and incomparable Divine all which by the relation of Antoninus himself Arch-Bishop of Florence Vincent of Beauvais Sabellicus Volateran and Platina was accompanied with singular holiness of life He was likewise so greatly endeared to Charles the Bald King of France and Emperour that he was by him detained in France where he received from him very honourable entertainment Occasion then offering it self for his declaring of his judgement touching the Doctrine of the Eucharist he expressed himself therein in a Book bearing the very same Title with that of Bertram wherein in like manner by the authority of the Divine Scriptures and of pious Fathers especially of St. Augustine he establisheth and confirms the truth of the same Faith which that learned Bertram had taught a little before In fine by reason of his great renown it came to pass that Alfred King of England having founded the Colledge now University of Oxford gave him an invitation to the Presidency thereof Anno 950. IT is recorded by William of Malmsbury that the belief both of the reality and of the conversion of Signes which were by degrees foisted into this Age of Ignorance and Barbarism was vigorously opposed and that divers Questions touching the same were agitated in England one party explaining it one way the other quite another Those who held the Affirmative part that they might the more dextrously proselyte their Adversaries obtruded Prodigies and Miracles averring that in the room of the Species they saw a comely little Infant which was thrust into the mouths of the Communicants instead of Bread that there was Blood found in the Chalice that a devout Ass worshiped the Hostie and abundance of such Miracles ●ut so gross ridiculous as that the bare mentioning of them may suffice to discover their impertinency and forgery Whereupon Gabriel Biel in his 51 Lesson o● the Canon of the Mass observed not a●iss that those apparitions of flesh blood w●●rwith they entertained the people might happen through Diabolical delusion for deceiving of the simple God permitting it so to be Anno 292. THere was a Synod or Council of all the Churches in France held at Rhemes wherein Arnulphus Bishop of Orleans the learnedst and most eloquert person of those times was set apart for the conduct and managery of affairs It appears by the Acts of that Synod that this famous Bishop cognoscing upon matters therein agitated represents to that reverend Assembly that all the Po●es of this Age were branded with Notori●us Crimes Murders and Tyrannies Monsters of men full of Infamy devoid of all Knowledg both Divine and Humane who else saith he think ye that man is who sitteth upon a high and lofty Throne glittring with Gold and Purple but the Antichrist infallibly sitting in the Temple of God whose Marbles c. are as fit to be consulted as himself He adds further that i● were much better to require the judgmen● of the Bishops of the Low-Countries and 〈◊〉 Germany than of that City which is at th●● day exposed to sale and weighs Judgme●●s in the unjust ballance of filthy lucre c. That therefore Assemblies might be held without his privity since that the Canon of Nice acknowledged by the Church of Rome in all Councils and Decrees enjoyneth no such thing as that regard should be had to the authority of the Bishop of Rome that her Ministers are those of Antichrist who seems to be near at hand that the Mystery of Iniquity doth already work since that which should let to wit the Roman Power is already removed that that Man of Sin which opposeth and exalteth himself above the Name and Service of God begins to be revealed Religion exposed to ruine the Name of God trampled under foot with i●punity and Religious Worship vilified even by the chief Priests themselves this being all the care that Rome takes of others 〈◊〉 of her self Anno 1050. BErenger Archdeacon of Angiers did profoundly confute the real presence and other abuses ushered into the Doctrine of the Lord's Supper True it is that in the year 1059 having made his appearance before the Lateran Council whither he was cited out of fear of some cruel usage he signed a Confession contrary to his judgment mentioned below in its proper place but after his return into France he retracted the same and confirmed his Proselytes which were so numerous that William of Malmsbury in his 3d Book of the History of England doth attest that all France was full of his Doctrine which is confirmed by Matthew of Westminster who adds that not only the French but also greatest part of the Italians and English embraced

the same It was exactly conformable to that of Bertram and John Erigine by the relation of his Adversaries amongst whom Lanfranck then Abbot and afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury writing against him in his Book of the Eucharist represents it to us thus The Sacrifice of the Church saith Berenger is compounded of two things the one visible the other invisible of the Sacrament and the thing signified in the Sacrament which thing signified that is to say the Body of Christ if it were presented before our eyes were visible but being exalted to Heaven and sitting on the right-hand of the Father until the restitution of all things as the Apostle Peter speaks it cannot be brought back from Heaven where in the person of Christ it consists of God and Man Now the Sacraments of the Lords Table to wit the consecrated Bread and Wine are not in the least changed or altered but remain in their proper substances having a resemblance of the things whereof they are Sacraments c. This he taught till the year 1091 wherein he died with so great reputation that Hildebert who was afterwards Bishop of Mentz in an Epitaph which he made upon him called him The Pillar of the Church the Glory and Hope of the Clergy The Doctrine which he opposed being at that time so little rooted that Pope Gregory VII who came to the Popedome in the year 1073 did by the report of Cardinal Benno and Matthew Paris appoint a Fast to three Cardinals to the end that God might please to reveal whether of the two opinions was Truth that of Berenger or that of the Church of Rome and upon what account soever it was certain it is that be threw the holy Sacrament into the fire in the presence of the Cardinals as appears by the relation of Cardinal Benno himself who was contemporary with this Pope so that it is more than probable that he believed not the same to be the real Body of Christ. Anno 1120. HOnorius Bishop of Alton now flourished who wrote with no lesse Learning than Truth of Free-will and Predestination according to the exact judgment of those who rejected the determinations of the Roman Church in whose face such was his Zeal and Valour he feared not to call her and her creatures in one of his Dialogues which he composed the grand Apocalyptick Beast and Babylon And indeed none should account it strange that any acted with the least motion of true Piety did declaim at this rate being that none for the most part mounted the Papal Chair other than abominable Letchers Murderers Necromancers and other Monsters insomuch that Cardinal Benno who as hath been said lived in the time of Pope Gregory VII in his Treatise of the Lives of Popes averreth That from Sylvester II until then which was the space of an hundred years even ●ll that time the prime study in the Papal Court was that of the execrable know●edge of Magick with whom William of Malmsbury doth well accord who said That damnable Art which came from Spain was become so general even in France that publick Schools were kept wherein it was taught And Glaber a Monk of Clugny saith expresly that about the 1000 th year of our Lord the Christian Faith began much to decay and degenerate from its primitive vigour men generally addicting themselves to Divination and Sorcery And hence Cardinal Baronius himself speaketh thus What face had the Roman Church how much was she polluted when as Whores not less potent than beastly bore sway in Rome by whose means their Paramour-mock-Popes were intruded into St. Peter's Chair Christ saith he was asleep in the Ship and there was none to awaken him He further adds that the Cardinals Priests and Deacons preferred by means of those Monsters did imitate them treading in their very steps and coveted nothing more than that the Lord might be overtaken with an everlasting sleep It was under the covert of those thick darknesses that the Doctrine of Transubstantiation took deep root and the greatest part of the other abuses in the Church of Rome was firmly established Anno 1136. PEter de Bruis a Priest and his Disciple Henry of Tholouse who had been once a Monk Arnold Hot one Joseph and one Esperon filled all parts of France with their Fame and Doctrine They held the same Opinions with those of Bertram Erigene and Berenger touching the Eucharist and rejected as those did who are a little after called Waldenses all the erroneous Doctrines and Superstitions of Popery St. Bernard informs us that Alphonsus Count of St. Giles did protect them and permitted them to preach publickly at St. Giles and Tholouse where they gained a great many Proselytes yea that many Princes Bishops and Persons of quality countenanced held a correspondence with them Yet notwithstanding listening to the representations of Calumny he joyns to what he alledgeth concerning the truth of their Belief all that they were charged with by the Vulgar to wit that they prohibited the use of Meats like as the Manichees did and perpetrated amongst themselves execrable acts and villanies which yet are no other accusation than what are common to them with the primitive Christians yea and all such even till the time of the last Reformation as have set themselves against the Church of Rome which hath ever impeached with Heresie and branded with some notorious crime all that have refused to own her or have endeavoured by the Word of God to reprove her and reduce her to duty After this very manner dealt they in this Age by Teuchelin or Tudem Peter de Blois John Roscelin a learned person and one of the repairers of the University of Paris the most learned Peter Abelard one named Arnoul whom they put to death at Rome mentioned by Platina Arnold de Bresse with many others Anno 1160. PEter de Valdo of Lyonois a person of an inculpable life and well skill'd in the knowledge of the holy Scriptures full of good works alms-deeds whose house was a very sanctuary to the distressed poor to whom he not onely distributed of his temporal good things which God had given him in abundance but likewise imparted of the true and better substance that is to say the knowledge of the Heavenly Truth wherewith God had honoured him This good man did vigorously oppose the Romish Errors and Abuses and being that he taught the very same Doctrine with that of Peter de Bruis and his Associates he had in conjunction with them a great number of Proselytes who were scattered in Piedmont Daulphine Provence Languedock and other places of France and England as also in the Kingdom of Naples in Germany Bohemia Moravia Hungaria Sclavonia Poland and other places of Europe where divers names were given them as the Poor of Lyons Paterins Humilists and others hateful and infamous taken from the Heresies or horrid crimes charged upon them But the chief that were in France were those of the Waldenses and Albigenses the