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letter_n patent_n as_o by_o the_o tenor_n thereof_o follow_v make_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o to_z edward_z his_o son_n and_o heir_n apparent_a may_v appear_v henry_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o part_n ireland_n be_v before_o 33._o hen._n 8._o a_o lordship_n and_o now_o be_v a_o kingdom_n and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v as_o absolute_a a_o prince_n and_o sovereign_a when_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o ireland_n as_o now_o when_o he_o be_v style_v king_n of_o the_o same_o cook_n 7._o part_n england_n and_o of_o france_n lord_n of_o ireland_n etc._n etc._n to_o all_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n duke_n earls_z baron_n justice_n viscount_n governor_n minister_n and_o to_o all_o our_o bailiff_n and_o faithful_a subject_n greeting_n out_o of_o the_o excellency_n of_o royal_a pre-eminence_n like_v as_o the_o beam_n from_o the_o sun_n so_o do_v inferior_a honour_n proceed_v neither_o do_v the_o integrity_n of_o royal_a lustre_n and_o brightness_n by_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o light-affording_a light_n feel_v any_o loss_n or_o detriment_n by_o such_o borrow_a light_n yea_o the_o royal_a sceptre_n be_v also_o much_o the_o more_o extol_v and_o the_o royal_a throne_n exalt_v by_o how_o much_o more_o nobleness_n preeminence_n and_o honour_n be_v under_o the_o power_n and_o command_v thereof_o and_o this_o worthy_a consideration_n allure_v and_o induce_v we_o with_o desire_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o name_n and_o honour_n of_o our_o first_o beget_v and_o best_a belove_a son_n edward_n in_o who_o we_o behold_v and_o see_v ourselves_o to_o be_v honour_v and_o our_o royal_a house_n also_o and_o our_o people_n subject_a to_o we_o hope_v by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n by_o conjecture_n take_v of_o his_o gracious_a future_a proceed_n to_o be_v the_o more_o honourable_o strengthen_v that_o we_o may_v with_o honour_n prevent_v and_o with_o abundant_a grace_n prosecute_v he_o who_o in_o reputation_n
apparent_a of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o such_o a_o king_n who_o be_v heir_n unto_o the_o say_a prince_n edward_n and_o such_o a_o first_o beget_v son_n and_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n shall_v inherit_v the_o say_a dukedom_n in_o the_o life_n of_o the_o say_a king_n his_o father_n with_o manner_n of_o limitation_n of_o estate_n be_v short_a excellent_a and_o curious_a vary_v from_o the_o ordinary_a rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n touch_v the_o frame_n of_o any_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n in_o fee-simple_n or_o fee-tail_n and_o nevertheless_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o parliament_n a_o special_a fee-simple_n iâ_n in_o that_o only_a case_n make_v as_o by_o judgement_n may_v appear_v in_o the_o book_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o case_n thereof_o fol._n 27._o and_o 21_o e._n 3._o 41._o b._n and_o ever_o since_o that_o creation_n the_o say_a dukedom_n of_o cornwall_n have_v be_v the_o peculiar_a inheritance_n of_o the_o king_n elder_a son_n ad_fw-la supportandum_fw-la nomen_fw-la &_o onus_fw-la bonoris_fw-la to_o support_v the_o name_n and_o weight_n of_o that_o his_o honourable_a estate_n during_o the_o king_n his_o father_n life_n so_o that_o he_o be_v ever_o duxnatus_fw-la non_fw-la creatus_fw-la a_o duke_n bear_v not_o create_v and_o the_o say_a duke_n the_o very_a first_o day_n of_o his_o nativity_n be_v presume_v and_o take_v to_o be_v of_o full_a and_o perfect_a age_n so_o that_o he_o may_v sue_v that_o day_n for_o his_o livery_n of_o the_o say_a dukedom_n and_o aught_o of_o right_a to_o obtain_v the_o same_o as_o well_o as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v full_a 21_o year_n of_o age_n and_o the_o say_a black-prince_n be_v the_o first_o duke_n in_o england_n after_o the_o conquest_n for_o though_o bracton_n who_o make_v his_o book_n in_o h._n 3._o say_v et_fw-la sunt_fw-la sub_fw-la regâduces_v as_o before_o appear_v yet_o that_o place_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o ancient_a king_n who_o be_v before_o the_o conquest_n for_o in_o mag._n charta_n which_o be_v make_v in_o anno_fw-la 9_o h._n 3._o we_o find_v not_o the_o name_n of_o duke_n among_o the_o peer_n and_o noble_n there_o mention_v for_o see_v the_o norman_a king_n themselves_o be_v duke_n of_o normandy_n for_o a_o great_a while_n they_o adorn_v none_o with_o this_o honour_n of_o duke_n and_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o every_o king_n after_o this_o creation_n be_v duke_n of_o cornwall_n and_o so_o allow_v as_o for_o example_n henry_n of_o munmouth_n elder_a son_n of_o h._n 4._o and_o henry_n of_o winsoâ_n elder_a son_n of_o h._n 5._o and_o edw._n of_o westminster_n the_o first_o son_n of_o ed._n 4._o and_o arthur_n of_o winchester_n first_o son_n of_o h._n 7._o and_o edward_n of_o hampton_n first_o son_n of_o h._n 8._o but_o richard_n of_o bordeaux_n who_o be_v the_o first_o son_n of_o the_o black-prince_n be_v not_o duke_n of_o cornwall_n by_o force_n of_o the_o say_a creation_n for_o albeit_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n he_o be_v heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n yet_o because_o he_o be_v not_o the_o first_o beget_v son_n of_o a_o king_n of_o england_n for_o his_o father_n die_v in_o the_o life_n time_n of_o king_n ed._n 3_o the_o say_a richard_n be_v not_o within_o the_o limitation_n of_o the_o grant_n and_o creation_n by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n make_v in_o the_o 11_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n above_o mention_v and_o therefore_o to_o supply_v that_o defect_n in_o the_o 5._o year_n of_o ed._n 3._o he_o be_v create_v duke_n of_o cornwall_n by_o a_o special_a charter_n elizabeth_z elder_a daughter_n to_o king_n edw._n 4._o be_v not_o duchess_n of_o cornwall_n for_o she_o be_v the_o first_o beget_v daughter_n of_o king_n edw._n 4._o but_o the_o limitation_n be_v to_o the_o first_o beget_v son_n henry_n the_o 8._o be_v not_o in_o the_o life_n of_o his_o father_n king_n h._n 7._o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o elder_a brother_n arthur_n duke_n of_o cornwall_n by_o force_n of_o the_o say_a creation_n for_o albeit_o he_o be_v sole_a heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o king_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o his_o elder_a beget_v son_n cook_n 8_o part_n 29._o b._n and_o 30._o a._n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o stamford_n a_o learned_a judge_n have_v be_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v within_o his_o dukedom_n of_o cornwall_n the_o king_n prerogative_n because_o it_o be_v not_o sever_v from_o the_o crown_n after_o the_o form_n as_o it_o be_v give_v for_o none_o shall_v be_v inheritor_n thereof_o but_o the_o king_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o example_n whereas_o by_o the_o common_a law_n if_o a_o man_n hold_v divers_a manor_n or_o other_o land_n and_o toâements_n of_o several_a lord_n all_o by_o knight_n service_n some_o part_n by_o priority_n and_o ancient_a feoffment_n and_o other_o land_n by_o posterity_n and_o by_o a_o latter_a feoffment_n and_o the_o tenant_n so_o seize_v die_v his_o son_n and_o heir_n within_o age_n in_o this_o case_n the_o custody_n of_o wardship_n of_o the_o body_n and_o his_o marriage_n may_v not_o be_v divide_v among_o all_o the_o lord_n but_o one_o of_o they_o only_o shall_v have_v right_a unto_o it_o because_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n be_v entire_a and_o the_o law_n do_v say_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o some_o part_n of_o those_o land_n be_v hold_v by_o priority_n and_o by_o the_o same_o tenure_n of_o chivalry_n shall_v have_v it_o except_o the_o king_n be_v any_o of_o the_o lord_n for_o they_o though_o the_o tenant_n do_v purchase_v that_o land_n last_o yet_o after_o his_o death_n the_o king_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o all_o or_o any_o other_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o the_o tenant_n do_v hold_v by_o priority_n and_o so_o shall_v the_o duke_n of_o cornwall_n in_o the_o same_o case_n have_v the_o same_o prerogative_n if_o his_o tenant_n die_v hold_v of_o he_o but_o by_o posterity_n of_o feoffment_n for_o any_o tenure_n of_o his_o duchy_n of_o cornwall_n although_o the_o say_a duke_n be_v not_o seize_v of_o any_o particular_a estate_n whereof_o the_o reversion_n remain_v in_o the_o king_n for_o the_o prince_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o his_o dukedom_n as_o before_o be_v say_v john_n of_o gaunt_n the_o four_o son_n of_o king_n edward_n 3_o do_v take_v to_o wife_n blanch_n who_o be_v daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n who_o have_v issue_n henry_n afterward_o king_n of_o england_n so_o that_o the_o say_a duchy_n of_o lancaster_n do_v come_v unto_o the_o say_v henry_n by_o descent_n from_o the_o part_n of_o his_o mother_n and_o be_v a_o subject_n he_o be_v to_o observe_v the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o all_o thing_n concern_v his_o duchy_n for_o if_o he_o will_v depart_v in_o fee_n with_o any_o part_n thereof_o he_o must_v make_v livery_n and_o seizen_n or_o if_o he_o have_v make_v a_o lease_n for_o life_n reserve_v rend_v with_o a_o reentery_n for_o default_n of_o payment_n and_o the_o rent_n happen_v to_o be_v behind_o the_o duke_n may_v not_o enter_v unless_o he_o do_v make_v a_o demand_n or_o if_o he_o have_v alien_v any_o part_n thereof_o while_o he_o be_v with_o age_n he_o may_v defeat_v the_o purchaser_n for_o that_o cause_n and_o if_o he_o will_v grant_v a_o reversion_n of_o any_o estate_n for_o life_n or_o year_n in_o be_v there_o must_v also_o be_v attornment_n or_o else_o the_o grant_n do_v not_o take_v effect_n but_o after_o that_o he_o have_v depose_v king_n richard_n the_o second_o and_o have_v assume_v upon_o he_o the_o royal_a estate_n and_o so_o have_v conjoin_v his_o natural_a body_n in_o the_o body_n politic_n of_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o so_o be_v become_v king_n then_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n be_v in_o he_o as_o king_n and_o not_o as_o duke_n for_o the_o name_n of_o duke_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o the_o name_n of_o a_o king_n be_v drown_v by_o the_o name_n of_o king_n and_o by_o the_o state_n royal_a in_o he_o who_o be_v duke_n for_o the_o king_n can_v be_v a_o duke_n within_o his_o own_o realm_n but_o out_o of_o his_o realm_n he_o may_v and_o likewise_o the_o name_n of_o the_o duchy_n and_o all_o the_o franchise_n liberty_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o same_o when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o he_o who_o have_v the_o crown_n and_o jurisdiction_n royal_a be_v go_v by_o thâ_n common_a law_n and_o extinct_a for_o the_o great_a do_v distinguish_v the_o less_o and_o after_o those_o time_n the_o possession_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_z will_v not_o pass_v from_o king_n henry_n the_o four_o but_o by_o his_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n without_o livery_n of_o seifin_n and_o without_o attornment_n and_o if_o he_o make_v a_o lease_n for_o life_n be_v duke_n
to_o mention_v one_o case_n which_o i_o read_v in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o common_a law_n concern_v the_o descent_n of_o a_o title_n of_o honour_n whereof_o the_o ancestor_n have_v estate_n in_o fee_n simple_a there_o be_v a_o maxim_n in_o the_o law_n possessio_fw-la fratris_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la simplici_fw-la facit_fw-la '_o sororem_fw-la esse_fw-la heredem_fw-la the_o possession_n of_o the_o brother_n in_o fee_n simple_a do_v make_v his_o sister_n to_o be_v his_o heir_n but_o if_o a_o man_n by_o any_o of_o the_o three_o name_n before_o mention_v be_v create_v into_o a_o title_n of_o dignity_n to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o and_o he_o have_v issue_v a_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n by_o one_o venture_n and_o have_v also_o a_o son_n by_o a_o second_o wife_n afterward_o the_o father_n die_v and_o his_o elder_a son_n enter_v into_o all_o his_o father_n inheritance_n and_o also_o enjoy_v the_o title_n and_o name_n of_o dignity_n which_o his_o father_n have_v but_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o this_o case_n the_o dignity_n shall_v go_v and_o descend_v unto_o the_o young_a son_n though_o he_o be_v but_o of_o the_o half_a blood_n unto_o he_o that_o last_o enjoy_v that_o name_n and_o title_n by_o descent_n and_o shall_v âot_n descend_v unto_o his_o sister_n of_o the_o whole_a blood_n and_o yet_o in_o this_o case_n she_o shall_v only_o be_v her_o brother_n heir_n of_o all_o his_o fee_n simple_a land_n and_o the_o reason_n and_o cause_n hereof_o be_v because_o possessio_fw-la fratris_fw-la because_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o brother_n be_v the_o main_a and_o sole_a cause_n which_o may_v give_v title_n to_o she_o his_o sister_n which_o fail_v in_o this_o cause_n of_o dignity_n for_o it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o her_o elder_a brother_n be_v in_o possession_n of_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n no_o more_o then_o of_o his_o blood_n for_o the_o diguity_n be_v inherent_a to_o his_o blood_n so_o that_o neither_o by_o his_o own_o act_n neither_o by_o any_o act_n to_o be_v do_v by_o another_o do_v he_o gain_v any_o more_o actual_a possession_n if_o so_o it_o may_v be_v term_v then_o by_o the_o law_n do_v descend_v unto_o he_o and_o therefore_o the_o young_a brother_n may_v well_o by_o the_o law_n make_v himself_o heir_n unto_o his_o father_n of_o the_o honour_n though_o he_o can_v be_v heir_n unto_o his_o brother_n so_o that_o this_o word_n possessio_fw-la which_o be_v none_o other_o than_o pedis_fw-la positio_fw-la a_o fix_v of_o the_o foot_n extend_v only_o unto_o such_o thing_n of_o which_o a_o man_n may_v by_o his_o entry_n or_o other_o act_n and_o do_v require_v actual_a possession_n cook_n 3._o part_n 42._o ratcliff_n case_n and_o have_v thus_o much_o dilate_v concern_v the_o creation_n and_o other_o thing_n incident_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o nobility_n i_o can_v with_o silence_n pretermit_v something_o to_o declare_v concern_v that_o sufficiency_n and_o ability_n of_o estate_n which_o the_o law_n do_v require_v to_o be_v in_o every_o of_o they_o according_a to_o their_o several_a dignity_n the_o common_a law_n always_o will_v that_o decorum_n and_o conveniency_n be_v observe_v consider_v the_o charge_n and_o expense_n appertain_v to_o these_o degree_n and_o dignity_n be_v office_n of_o principal_a service_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o realm_n both_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n as_o have_v be_v say_v have_v order_v that_o each_o of_o they_o have_v a_o convenient_a portion_n and_o value_n of_o land_n of_o inheritance_n for_o the_o support_n of_o their_o honour_n which_o supply_n be_v as_o sinew_n conjoin_v unto_o the_o same_o for_o in_o virtue_n and_o in_o riches_n as_o aristotle_n counsel_v all_o the_o old_a nobility_n consist_v and_o which_o two_o as_o ecclesiastes_n teach_v make_v a_o good_a accomplishment_n for_o say_v he_o vtilior_fw-la est_fw-la sapientia_fw-la cum_fw-la divitiis_fw-la conjuncta_fw-la lambert_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n â68_n therefore_o a_o knight_n ought_v to_o have_v 20._o l._n land_n by_o the_o year_n a_o baron_n 13._o knight_n fee_n and_o a_o quarter_n a_o earl_n 20_o knight_n fee_n and_o this_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap_n 2._o for_o always_o the_o four_o part_n of_o such_o revenue_n which_o be_v by_o the_o law_n requisite_a to_o the_o dignity_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n for_o relief_n as_o for_o example_n the_o relief_n of_o a_o knight_n be_v five_o pound_n which_o be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o 20._o l._n which_o be_v the_o revenue_n of_o a_o knight_n see_v the_o statute_n hereof_o 1_o e._n 2._o and_o the_o relief_n of_o a_o baron_n be_v a_o 100_o mark_n which_o be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o his_o revenue_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 400._o mark_n a_o year_n which_o do_v include_v 13._o knight_n fee_n and_o a_o quarter_n and_o the_o relief_n of_o a_o earl_n be_v a_o 100_o l._n which_o be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o 400._o l._n which_o be_v the_o revenue_n of_o a_o earl_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n of_o the_o exchequer_n that_o the_o relief_n of_o a_o duke_n amount_v unto_o 200._o l._n and_o by_o consequence_n his_o revenue_n ought_v to_o be_v 800._o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n in_o every_o of_o our_o book_n that_o every_o of_o the_o nobility_n be_v presume_v in_o our_o law_n to_o have_v sufficient_a freehold_n ad_fw-la sustinendum_fw-la nomen_fw-la &_o onus_fw-la and_o to_o what_o value_n these_o ancient_a rent_n in_o time_n of_o h._n 3._o &_o edw._n 1._o at_o this_o day_n do_v amount_v unto_o every_o man_n know_v not_o cook_n 7._o part_n 33._o and_o in_o case_n of_o decay_n of_o nobility_n and_o mean_n as_o senatores_fw-la romani_fw-la rereamoti_fw-la senata_fw-la as_o senator_n of_o rome_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o senate_n so_o sometime_o they_o be_v not_o admit_v to_o the_o upper_a house_n in_o the_o parliament_n though_o they_o keep_v the_o name_n and_o title_n of_o dignity_n still_o sir_n thomas_n smith_n de_fw-fr reipub_fw-la angl._n 221._o and_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v 31._o h._n 8._o ca._n 10._o the_o lord_n have_v their_o place_n prescribe_v after_o this_o manner_n follow_v viz._n these_o four_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n the_o lord_n treasurer_n the_o lord_n precedent_n of_o the_o council_n and_o the_o lord_n privy_a seal_n be_v person_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o baron_n or_o above_o and_o in_o the_o same_o act_n appoint_v to_o sit_v in_o the_o parliament_n and_o all_o assembly_n or_o council_n above_o all_o duty_n not_o be_v of_o the_o blood_n royal_a viz._n the_o king_n brother_n uncle_n nephew_n and_o these_o six_o the_o lord_n high_a chamberlain_n of_o england_n the_o lord_n martial_n and_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n the_o lord_n steward_n of_o the_o king_n house_n and_o the_o lord_n chamberlain_n of_o the_o household_n by_o that_o act_n to_o be_v place_v in_o all_o assembly_n of_o council_n after_o the_o lord_n privy_a seal_n according_a to_o their_o degree_n and_o estate_n so_o that_o if_o he_o be_v a_o baron_n than_o he_o be_v to_o sit_v above_o all_o barones_n or_o a_o earl_n above_o all_o earl_n and_o so_o likewise_o the_o king_n secretary_n be_v a_o baron_n of_o the_o parliament_n have_v a_o place_n above_o all_o barones_n and_o if_o he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o high_a degree_n he_o shall_v sit_v and_o be_v place_v according_a thereunto_o privilege_n incident_a to_o the_o nobility_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n when_o a_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v to_o be_v arraign_v upon_o any_o treason_n or_o felony_n whereof_o he_o be_v indict_v and_o whereupon_o he_o have_v plead_v not_o guilty_a the_o king_n by_o his_o letter_n patent_n shall_v assign_v some_o great_a and_o sagâ_n lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n to_o be_v high_a steward_n of_o england_n for_o the_o day_n of_o his_o arraignment_n who_o before_o the_o same_o day_n shall_v make_v precept_n to_o his_o sergeant_n at_o arm_n that_o be_v appoint_v to_o serve_v he_o during_o the_o time_n of_o his_o commission_n to_o warn_v to_o appear_v before_o he_o 18._o or_o 20._o lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n or_o 12._o at_o the_o least_o upon_o the_o same_o day_n and_o then_o at_o the_o day_n appoint_v when_o the_o high_a steward_n shall_v be_v set_v under_o the_o cloth_n of_o state_n upon_o the_o arraignment_n of_o the_o prisoner_n and_o have_v cause_v the_o commission_n to_o be_v read_v the_o same_o sergeant_n shall_v return_v his_o precept_n and_o thereupon_o the_o lord_n shall_v be_v call_v and_o when_o they_o have_v appear_v and_o set_v in_o their_o place_n the_o constable_n of_o the_o tower_n shall_v be_v call_v to_o bring_v his_o prisoner_n into_o the_o court_n who_o then_o shall_v bring_v his_o prisoner_n to_o the_o bar_n and_o the_o high_a
the_o realm_n he_o be_v now_o also_o a_o peer_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o shall_v be_v partaker_n with_o they_o in_o all_o privilege_n and_o by_o consequence_n his_o wife_n widow_n and_o child_n after_o he_o 32._o e._n 3._o 35._o in_o le_fw-fr case_n de_fw-fr gilbert_n humfrevill_n but_o if_o a_o englishman_n by_o the_o emperor_n be_v make_v earl_n of_o the_o empire_n his_o wife_n shall_v not_o bear_v that_o title_n of_o honour_n either_o according_a to_o law_n or_o in_o reputation_n all_o the_o daughter_n of_o duke_n marquess_n and_o earl_n be_v by_o custom_n of_o long_a time_n use_v in_o the_o king_n house_n or_o palace_n name_v lady_n and_o have_v precedency_n and_o place_n according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o their_o parent_n and_o so_o of_o this_o custom_n the_o law_n do_v take_v notice_n and_o give_v allowance_n for_o the_o honour_n and_o decency_n but_o nevertheless_o in_o the_o the_o king_n court_n of_o justice_n they_o bear_v not_o these_o title_n of_o honour_n no_o more_o than_o the_o son_n of_o such_o noble_a person_n may_v do_v brother_n to_o such_o lady_n finis_fw-la nob._n litatis_fw-la a_o treatise_n of_o knight_n and_o matter_n incident_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o knighthood_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n the_o particular_a kind_n of_o service_n by_o which_o land_n of_o inheritance_n be_v distinguish_v be_v two_o viz._n knight_n service_n and_o socage_n vide_fw-la littleton_n soccage_n c._n 26._o in_o ncient_a time_n tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v call_v regale_n servitium_n cook_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o 3._o book_n fol._n 3_o a._n because_o it_o be_v do_v to_o and_o for_o the_o king_n and_o the_o realm_n and_o formi_fw-la secum_fw-la servitium_fw-la as_o appear_v in_o anno_fw-la 19_o edw._n 2._o title_n avowry_n 224._o 26._o ass_n p._n 66._o 17._o h._n 4._o 19_o cook_n 7._o part_n 8._o a._n calvin_n case_n because_o they_o which_o do_v hold_v by_o soccage_n aught_o to_o do_v and_o perform_v their_o service_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n littleton_n 35._o et_fw-la ideo_fw-la formi_fw-la secum_fw-la dicipoterit_fw-la quia_fw-la sita_fw-la &_o capitur_fw-la foris_fw-la &_o hum._n servitiam_fw-la persolvuntur_fw-la ratione_fw-la tenementarum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la personarum_fw-la bracton_n fol._n 36._o and_o as_o knight_n service_n land_n require_v the_o service_n of_o the_o tenement_n in_o warfare_n and_o battle_n abroad_o so_o soccage_n tenure_n command_v his-attendance_n at_o the_o plough_n the_o one_o by_o manhood_n defend_v the_o king_n or_o his_o lord_n life_n and_o person_n the_o other_o by_o industry_n maintain_v with_o rent_n corn_n and_o victual_n his_o estate_n and_o family_n see_v lambert_n custom_n of_o kent_n fol._n 389._o for_o they_o do_v thus_o order_v their_o own_o land_n and_o tenement_n one_o part_n they_o keep_v and_o detain_v in_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o in_o they_o stately_a house_n and_o castle_n be_v erect_v and_o make_v for_o their_o habitation_n and_o defence_n of_o their_o person_n and_o the_o realm_n also_o forest_n and_o park_n be_v make_v there_o for_o their_o pleasure_n solace_n and_o delight_n one_o other_o part_n hereof_o be_v give_v to_o the_o noble_n and_o other_o of_o their_o chivalty_n reserve_v tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n the_o three_o part_n be_v bestow_v upon_o man_n of_o mean_a condition_n and_o quality_n with_o reservation_n of_o soccage_n tenure_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o duke_n and_o other_o the_o noble_n with_o their_o meniall_n and_o follower_n dissipate_v to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o land_n viz._n to_o their_o gentleman_n of_o quality_n to_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o to_o other_o of_o mean_a condition_n by_o soccage_n tenure_n gervasius_n tilburiensis_n a_o learned_a man_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n hen._n 2._o in_o his_o dialogue_n of_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n have_v in_o effect_n as_o follow_v until_o the_o time_n say_v he_o of_o king_n hen._n 1._o the_o king_n use_v not_o to_o receive_v money_n of_o their_o land_n but_o victual_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o their_o house_n and_o towards_o the_o payment_n of_o their_o soldier_n wage_n and_o such_o like_a charge_n money_n be_v raise_v out_o of_o the_o city_n and_o castle_n in_o which_o husbandry_n and_o tillage_n be_v not_o use_v and_o exercise_v but_o at_o length_n when_o the_o king_n be_v in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n need_v ready_a money_n for_o and_o towards_o the_o furniture_n of_o the_o war_n and_o his_o subject_n and_o farmer_n complain_v that_o they_o be_v grievous_o trouble_v by_o carriage_n of_o victual_n into_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o realm_n far_o distant_a from_o their_o dwell_a house_n the_o king_n direct_v commission_n ro_o certain_a discreet_a person_n who_o have_v a_o regard_n of_o those_o victual_n shall_v reduce_v they_o into_o reasonable_a sum_n of_o money_n the_o levy_n of_o which_o sum_n they_o appoint_v to_o the_o sheriff_n take_v order_n withal_o that_o he_o shall_v pay_v they_o at_o the_o scale_n or_o beam_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o he_o shall_v pay_v six_o penny_n over_o and_o above_o every_o pound_n weight_n of_o money_n because_o that_o they_o think_v that_o the_o money_n in_o time_n will_v wax_v so_o much_o the_o worse_o for_o the_o wear_n cambdens_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n fol._n 172_o 173._o vide_fw-la littleton_n libro_fw-la 2._o fol._n 26._o note_v also_o gervasius_n tilburiensis_n who_o live_v anno_fw-la 11_o 60._o anno_fw-la 6._o hen._n 2._o and_o cambden_n fol._n 178._o it_o be_v ancient_o ordain_v that_o all_o knight_n fee_n shall_v come_v unto_o the_o elder_a son_n by_o succession_n of_o heretage_n whereby_o he_o succeed_v his_o ancestor_n in_o his_o whole_a inheritance_n may_v be_v the_o better_o enable_v to_o maintain_v the_o war_n against_o the_o king_n enemy_n or_o his_o lord_n and_o that_o the_o soccage_n fee_n shall_v be_v partable_a between_o the_o male_a child_n to_o enable_v they_o to_o increase_v into_o many_o family_n for_o the_o better_a furtherance_n in_o and_o increase_v of_o husbandry_n see_v cook_n preface_n to_o the_o reader_n in_o his_o nine_o book_n fol._n 2._o 6._o but_o as_o nothing_o be_v more_o unconstant_a than_o the_o estate_n we_o have_v in_o land_n and_o live_n if_o at_o least_o i_o may_v call_v that_o a_o estate_n which_o never_o stand_v even_o so_o long_o since_o these_o tenor_n have_v be_v so_o indifferent_o mix_v and_o confound_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o each_o sort_n that_o there_o be_v not_o now_o any_o note_n of_o difference_n to_o be_v gather_v by_o they_o see_v lambert_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n fol._n 10._o et_fw-la quia_fw-la tale_n servitium_fw-la formi_fw-la secum_fw-la non_fw-la semper_fw-la manet_fw-la sub_fw-la eadem_fw-la quantitate_fw-la sed_fw-la quandoque_fw-la praefat_fw-la ad_fw-la plus_fw-la quandoque_fw-la ad_fw-la mânus_fw-la ideo_fw-la qualitate_fw-la regalis_fw-la sencitii_fw-la &_o quantitate_fw-la fiat_fw-la mentio_fw-la in_o charta_fw-la ut_fw-la tenens_fw-la vectu_fw-la tenere_fw-la possit_fw-la quid_fw-la &_o quantum_fw-la persolvere_fw-la tentatur_fw-la bracton_n fol._n 36._o and_o therefore_o the_o certainty_n of_o the_o law_n in_o this_o case_n be_v that_o he_o that_o hold_v by_o a_o whole_a and_o entire_a knight_n fee_n must_v serve_v the_o king_n or_o other_o lord_n forty_o day_n in_o the_o war_n well_o and_o sufficient_o array_v and_o furnish_v at_o all_o point_n and_o by_o twenty_o day_n if_o he_o hold_v but_o the_o moiety_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n and_o so_o proportionable_o vide_fw-la littleton_n fol._n 20._o aâno_fw-la 7._o e._n 3._o 1333._o fol._n 246._o it_o be_v demur_v in_o judgement_n whether_o the_o 40._o day_n shall_v be_v account_v from_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o muster_n of_o the_o king_n host_n or_o from_o the_o day_n that_o the_o king_n do_v first_o enter_v into_o scotland_n but_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o day_n shall_v be_v account_v from_o the_o first_o day_n that_o the_o king_n do_v enter_v into_o scotland_n because_o the_o service_n be_v to_o be_v do_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o they_o who_o hold_v per_fw-la regale_n servitium_fw-la be_v not_o to_o perform_v that_o service_n unless_o the_o king_n do_v also_o go_v himself_o into_o the_o war_n in_o proper_a person_n and_o that_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o sir_n william_n hall_n chiese_n justice_n of_o the_o court_n of_o âommon_a piea_n term._n trin._n anno._n 7._o ed._n 3._o fol._n 246._o but_o see_v anno_fw-la 3._o h._n 6._o titulo_fw-la protec_fw-la 2._o in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o see_v the_o protector_n who_o be_v pro_fw-la rex_fw-la go_v the_o same_o be_v adjudge_v a_o voyage_n royal_a vide_fw-la cook_n 7_o part_n of_o his_o report_n and_o in_o fitz-herbert_a natura_fw-la brevia_fw-la 28._o fol._n 83._o also_o when_o before_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la make_v anno_fw-la 18._o ed._n 4._o the_o king_n or_o other_o lord_n have_v give_v