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all_o its_o great_a master_n likewise_o the_o present_a state_n of_o learning_n natural_a knowledge_n practice_n of_o physic_n and_o diseale_v in_o poland_n and_o last_o a_o succinct_a description_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o curland_n and_o the_o livonian_a order_n with_o a_o series_n of_o the_o several_a duke_n and_o provincial_a master_n to_o this_o be_v also_o add_v a_o table_n for_o each_o volume_n and_o a_o sculpture_n of_o the_o diet_n in_o session_n with_o some_o memoirs_fw-fr from_o baron_fw-fr blomberg_n vol._n ii_o by_o bernard_n connor_n m._n d._n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n and_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o physician_n who_o in_o his_o travel_n in_o that_o country_n collect_v these_o memoir_n from_o the_o best_a author_n and_o his_o own_o observation_n compose_v and_o publish_a by_o â—ir_n savage_a london_n print_v for_o daâ—_n brown_a without_o templ-bar_n '_o and_o a._n roper_n and_o t._n leigh_n both_o in_o il_fw-fr et-street_n 1698._o d_o r._n connor_n '_o saint_n preface_n in_o my_o preface_n to_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o this_o historical_a relation_n of_o poland_n i_o have_v mention_v my_o incapacity_n for_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n both_o because_o i_o be_v only_o twelve_o month_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o because_o i_o have_v no_o talon_n or_o genius_n for_o history_n i_o think_v write_v it_o by_o way_n of_o letter_n in_o imitation_n of_o some_o of_o our_o neighbour_n will_v be_v more_o easy_a to_o myself_o and_o more_o acceptable_a to_o the_o public_a i_o be_o proud_a to_o have_v this_o happy_a occasion_n of_o give_v the_o honourable_a person_n i_o write_v to_o so_o public_a a_o testimony_n of_o my_o respect_n i_o be_o sorry_a in_o the_o same_o time_n i_o can_v have_v leisure_n to_o honour_v myself_o in_o write_v to_o the_o noble_a person_n mention_v in_o the_o second_o volume_n as_o i_o have_v have_v in_o the_o first_o i_o follow_v a_o profession_n so_o remote_a from_o history_n particular_o a_o polish_v one_o that_o 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other_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n 1698._o have_v my_o lord_n not_o be_v a_o full_a twelve_o month_n at_o the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n court_n i_o can_v pretend_v to_o be_v thorough_o acquaint_v with_o that_o kingdom_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o like_o most_o other_o country_n it_o have_v undergo_v several_a change_n in_o its_o constitution_n since_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o vith_o century_n at_o which_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v a_o distinct_a nation_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o two_o great_a house_n of_o piastus_n and_o jagello_n poland_n ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o lechus_n its_o founder_n the_o king_n thereof_o have_v be_v elect_v to_o the_o crown_n after_o a_o hereditary_a manner_n though_o not_o by_o a_o hereditary_a title_n they_o have_v real_o be_v absolute_a and_o their_o will_n go_v for_o a_o law_n for_o than_o they_o make_v peace_n and_o war_n when_o they_o please_v levy_v as_o many_o troop_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a punish_v or_o pardon_v at_o pleasure_n 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once_o extinct_a by_o the_o death_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o who_o have_v resign_v his_o kingdom_n to_o the_o senate_n and_o polish_v gentry_n and_o give_v they_o full_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o dispose_v thereof_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v anew_o declare_v elective_a to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o christendom_n who_o have_v due_a merit_n and_o qualification_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o aspire_v thereunto_o gentry_n this_o give_v occasion_n to_o most_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n ever_o since_o to_o court_v the_o polish_v nobility_n after_o their_o king_n death_n and_o that_o either_o to_o get_v the_o succeed_a election_n determine_v in_o their_o own_o favour_n or_o else_o to_o have_v some_o of_o their_o friend_n advance_v to_o that_o great_a dignity_n but_o this_o most_o common_o rather_o with_o regard_n to_o their_o own_o private_a interest_n than_o out_o of_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o person_n they_o desire_v to_o 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any_o condition_n to_o become_v master_n of_o so_o considerable_a a_o kingdom_n to_o which_o he_o have_v no_o right_a either_o by_o birth_n or_o other_o claim_n and_o more_o especial_o since_o these_o condition_n be_v neither_o rigorous_a nor_o dishonourable_a but_o such_o as_o be_v decent_o consistent_a with_o the_o regal_a character_n he_o be_v to_o be_v invest_v with_o republic_n thus_o the_o polish_v gentry_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o monarchical_a government_n have_v in_o time_n make_v a_o perfect_a republic_n consist_v of_o three_o order_n the_o king_n senate_n and_o gentry_n which_o they_o call_v the_o nobility_n poland_n here_o my_o lord_n i_o must_v take_v notice_n to_o your_o grace_n that_o the_o polish_v nation_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o sort_n of_o people_n the_o gentry_n or_o freeborn_a subject_n who_o be_v hardly_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o vassal_n who_o be_v no_o better_a than_o slave_n to_o the_o gentry_n for_o they_o have_v no_o benefit_n of_o 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government_n to_o all_o other_o yet_o be_v he_o nevertheless_o oblige_v to_o own_o that_o when_o ever_o it_o degenerate_v it_o be_v the_o most_o pernicious_a of_o all_o thus_o the_o pole_n have_v temper_v the_o exorbitant_a power_n of_o their_o king_n with_o the_o mixture_n of_o two_o other_o government_n whereby_o they_o think_v to_o secure_v their_o liberty_n a_o thing_n always_o most_o dear_a to_o they_o from_o the_o arbitrary_a will_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o by_o imagine_v himself_o above_o the_o law_n may_v fancy_n whatever_o his_o passion_n prompt_v he_o to_o allowable_a and_o his_o true_a interest_n to_o be_v the_o entire_a subjection_n of_o his_o people_n the_o miserable_a example_n of_o their_o neighbour_n the_o turk_n and_o moscovite_n have_v sufficient_o convince_v they_o of_o this_o truth_n wherefore_o the_o polish_v nation_n think_v it_o but_o convenient_a to_o limit_v the_o excessive_a power_n of_o their_o king_n and_o confine_v they_o to_o rule_v with_o more_o 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revolt_n
same_o either_o by_o himself_o or_o his_o general_n can_v regulate_v his_o troop_n and_o see_v his_o army_n due_o pay_v out_o of_o the_o treasury_n of_o the_o republic_n he_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o reason_n to_o hope_v for_o success_n in_o his_o expedition_n because_o that_o not_o have_v undertake_v they_o on_o his_o own_o account_n those_o that_o engage_v he_o to_o they_o will_v infallible_o support_v he_o in_o they_o and_o the_o rather_o by_o reason_n that_o what_o be_v do_v be_v altogether_o with_o their_o consent_n this_o have_v prove_v the_o cause_n of_o almost_o neverfailing_a success_n to_o the_o polish_v arm_n till_o of_o late_a day_n the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n not_o have_v be_v in_o so_o good_a intelligence_n with_o each_o other_o as_o former_o home_o when_o the_o king_n be_v in_o the_o army_n in_o person_n he_o have_v the_o supreme_a authority_n there_o gives_z battle_n when_o he_o please_v and_o besieges_n town_n as_o often_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a and_o likewise_o command_v absolute_o all_o the_o gentry_n to_o follow_v he_o into_o the_o field_n on_o horseback_n at_o ever_o so_o little_a warning_n at_o home_o he_o have_v the_o free_a nomination_n of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n and_o of_o all_o secular_a employment_n as_o well_o military_a as_o civil_a throughout_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o his_o dominion_n without_o speak_v of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o royal_a demesne_n which_o together_o with_o the_o state-dignity_n he_o confer_v on_o those_o that_o have_v deserve_v they_o he_o can_v bestow_v as_o considerable_a preferment_n as_o any_o prince_n in_o europe_n and_o oblige_v and_o raise_v the_o fortune_n of_o who_o he_o please_v he_o have_v his_o vote_n in_o name_v cardinal_n as_o well_o as_o other_o roman_n catholic_n king_n have_v he_o can_v send_v and_o receive_v ambassador_n private_o in_o matter_n relate_v only_o to_o himself_o but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o republic_n the_o senate_n must_v have_v their_o share_n in_o it_o he_o can_v call_v prorogue_v and_o dissolve_v the_o diet_n at_o pleasure_n in_o a_o word_n the_o pole_n term_v he_o the_o protector_n of_o their_o law_n and_o privilege_n the_o distributor_n of_o honour_n the_o supreme_a head_n of_o their_o republic_n and_o supreme_a general_n of_o their_o force_n he_o the_o pole_n attend_v his_o person_n uncover_v the_o chief_a senator_n general_o serve_v he_o at_o table_n first_o taste_v of_o the_o cup_n before_o they_o present_v he_o with_o it_o his_o subject_n never_o sit_v before_o he_o nor_o cover_v their_o head_n any_o where_o but_o in_o the_o diet_n and_o there_o too_o the_o senator_n be_v only_o allow_v that_o liberty_n for_o the_o deputy_n stand_v behind_o with_o their_o fur_v cap_n in_o their_o hand_n the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n dine_v always_o in_o public_a and_o i_o never_o see_v any_o sit_v down_o with_o he_o at_o table_n when_o he_o eat_v at_o court_n except_o the_o queen_n his_o child_n and_o foreign_a 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or_o which_o be_v common_o make_v use_n of_o in_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o other_o instrument_n sign_v by_o he_o and_o make_v in_o his_o name_n be_v these_o frederic_n augustus_n ii_o king_n of_o poland_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n duke_n of_o russia_n prussia_n masovia_n samogitia_n kiovia_n volhynia_n podolia_n podlachia_n livonia_n smolensko_n severia_n and_o czernikovia_n all_o sort_n of_o gold_n silver_n or_o brass_n coin_n be_v stamp_v with_o his_o image_n and_o name_n all_o justice_n be_v administer_v in_o his_o name_n and_o at_o church_n they_o always_o pray_v for_o the_o king_n and_o royal_a family_n guard_n when_o he_o be_v crown_v the_o diet_n allow_v he_o a_o pension_n of_o about_o 140000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o together_o with_o his_o patrimonial_a estate_n maintain_v he_o a_o very_a splendid_a court_n he_o have_v his_o polish_v german_n and_o hungarian_a guard_n and_o have_v the_o same_o officer_n of_o his_o household_n as_o other_o maintain_v king_n have_v while_o the_o queen-dowager_n live_v the_o queen-consort_n maintain_v her_o court_n at_o the_o king_n charge_n but_o after_o either_o the_o queen-dowagers_a death_n or_o marriage_n or_o the_o king_n death_n she_o have_v a_o revenue_n assign_v for_o that_o purpose_n as_o will_v appear_v hereafter_o perquisites_n over_o and_o above_o the_o pension_n which_o the_o diet_n settle_v upon_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n which_o in_o that_o cheap_a country_n serve_v to_o maintain_v they_o as_o high_a as_o our_o king_n live_v here_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v great_a income_n of_o his_o own_o for_o the_o pole_n never_o care_v to_o elect_a a_o poor_a prince_n for_o fear_v his_o child_n may_v come_v to_o be_v a_o charge_n to_o they_o after_o his_o death_n he_o get_v beside_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n for_o nomination_n employment_n of_o which_o the_o late_a king_n do_v not_o scruple_n to_o sell_v though_o it_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nay_o the_o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n which_o be_v so_o very_o considerable_a have_v be_v put_v under_o contribution_n by_o some_o cunning_a artifice_n or_o other_o as_o happen_v some_o year_n since_o about_o the_o name_v of_o a_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o bishopric_n be_v worth_a eight_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o will_v go_v further_o than_o twenty_o thousand_o pound_n in_o england_n there_o be_v several_a that_o aspire_v a_o long_a while_n to_o this_o vacant_a dignity_n and_o every_o one_o solicit_v what_o friend_n he_o have_v at_o court_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o it_o but_o most_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o queen_n and_o beg_v of_o she_o though_o she_o have_v no_o authority_n of_o her_o own_o to_o intercede_v to_o the_o king_n in_o their_o behalf_n after_o a_o long_o debate_v the_o queen_n call_v the_o abbot_n malakowski_n aside_o who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o competitor_n and_o a_o rich_a man_n and_o tell_v he_o that_o though_o there_o be_v several_a that_o aim_v at_o that_o bishopric_n yet_o she_o will_v wager_n fifty_o thousand_o crown_n that_o he_o be_v prefer_v to_o they_o all_o whereupon_o the_o good_a abbot_n think_v to_o venture_v nothing_o be_v sure_a that_o either_o he_o shall_v be_v bishop_n or_o shall_v gain_v a_o considerable_a sum_n ready_o lay_v down_o the_o money_n and_o by_o way_n of_o a_o accidental_a bargain_n buy_v very_o dear_a his_o bishopric_n riches_n it_o have_v be_v calculate_v that_o the_o late_a king_n what_o by_o his_o own_o income_n pension_n allow_v he_o from_o the_o crown_n and_o other_o casualty_n be_v worth_a about_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a a_o year_n of_o which_o he_o do_v not_o spend_v much_o above_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o have_v have_v no_o soldier_n nor_o army_n to_o pay_v or_o maintain_v but_o only_o his_o guard_n and_o his_o court._n he_o hoard_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o money_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v repute_v to_o have_v have_v as_o much_o ready_a cash_n by_o he_o as_o any_o prince_n in_o europe_n all_o which_o nevertheless_o the_o pole_n vow_v they_o will_v have_v back_o again_o when_o his_o son_n buy_v their_o vote_n to_o be_v king_n revenue_n the_o king_n crown-revenue_n be_v impost_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o upon_o the_o jew_n part_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o dantzick_n and_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o salt_n mine_n of_o cracow_n and_o other_o place_n revenue_n the_o queen_n revenue_n consist_v either_o in_o a_o gift_n from_o the_o king_n her_o husband_n out_o of_o the_o royal_a revenue_n with_o consent_n of_o the_o state_n or_o in_o a_o annual_a pension_n allow_v she_o by_o the_o republic_n the_o gift_n from_o her_o husband_n serve_v also_o for_o her_o dower_n and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o pole_n what_o amount_v to_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n reformation_n be_v the_o reversion_n only_o of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o
reflect_v on_o those_o state_n that_o have_v a_o great_a many_o fortification_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o but_o one_o battle_n they_o have_v be_v in_o a_o manner_n ruin_v for_o the_o enemy_n be_v once_o get_v into_o their_o stronghold_n be_v not_o easy_o force_v out_o of_o they_o when_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o pole_n always_o rally_v in_o a_o field-battle_n and_o have_v no_o place_n to_o retire_v to_o either_o for_o themselves_o or_o their_o enemy_n never_o give_v out_o till_o they_o have_v total_o exclude_v their_o invader_n beside_o the_o pole_n look_v upon_o garrison_n to_o be_v the_o promoter_n of_o effeminacy_n and_o softness_n by_o the_o example_n of_o several_a hero_n of_o antiquity_n for_o the_o courage_n of_o alexander_n and_o hannibal_n be_v altogether_o enervate_v by_o their_o revel_n at_o persepolis_n and_o capua_n and_o boleslaus_n bury_v as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o debauch_n at_o kiovia_n duration_n next_o i_o must_v proceed_v to_o present_v your_o grace_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o general_a officer_n of_o the_o army_n and_o first_o of_o the_o general_n whereof_o there_o be_v two_o one_o for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o another_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v before_o he_o that_o be_v for_o the_o kingdom_n be_v style_v hetman_n wielki_n koronni_n and_o he_o for_o the_o duchy_n hetman_n wielki_n w._n x._o litheuskiego_n these_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o have_v almost_o the_o same_o power_n with_o the_o king_n whilst_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o field_n over_o their_o respective_a army_n for_o their_o authority_n be_v altogether_o independent_a on_o each_o other_o this_o dignity_n do_v not_o entitle_v they_o to_o sit_v in_o the_o senate_n yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o senatorian_a order_n and_o that_o to_o procure_v they_o the_o great_a respect_n and_o sometime_o they_o have_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v the_o high_a officer_n in_o the_o kingdom_n as_o great_a marshal_n great_a chancellor_n etc._n etc._n for_o john_n zamoski_n be_v both_o great_a chancellor_n and_o general_n at_o once_o yet_o this_o be_v afterward_o abrogate_a and_o now_o the_o office_n of_o general_n or_o lieutenant_n general_n be_v usual_o confer_v either_o upon_o the_o palatine_n or_o castellan_n who_o although_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n superior_a to_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o sit_v in_o the_o diet_n when_o the_o other_o be_v to_o stand_v about_o the_o king_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o presume_v to_o have_v so_o great_a a_o power_n in_o the_o republic_n this_o office_n be_v not_o long_o since_o perpetual_a but_o now_o by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1666._o it_o be_v to_o expire_v at_o the_o end_n of_o three_o year_n power_n each_o of_o these_o general_n have_v his_o lieutenant_n general_n the_o office_n of_o these_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o letter_n to_o his_o grace_n the_o duke_n of_o norfolk_z and_o therefore_o need_v not_o be_v repeat_v here_o the_o title_n the_o pole_n give_v the_o former_a be_v hetman_n polny_n koronni_n and_o to_o the_o latter_a hetman_n polny_n w._n x._o litheuskiego_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o general_n they_o have_v almost_o the_o same_o power_n with_o they_o and_o former_o have_v equal_a though_o the_o general_n be_v present_a but_o that_o be_v afterward_o abrogate_a they_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o senatorian_a order_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o general_n officer_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v the_o general_n of_o the_o frontier-guard_n which_o be_v independent_a on_o all_o but_o the_o king_n and_o diet_n likewise_o the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n who_o power_n be_v establish_v by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1661._o next_o may_v be_v reckon_v the_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o king_n guard_n in_o the_o camp_n who_o office_n have_v be_v describe_v already_o in_o the_o letter_n beforementioned_a next_o to_o these_o general-officer_n come_v the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o artillery_n whereof_o there_o be_v two_o one_o for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o another_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n their_o office_n be_v to_o take_v charge_n of_o and_o to_o provide_v the_o army_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o cannon_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o see_v the_o soldier_n want_v for_o no_o ammunition_n after_o these_o may_v be_v rank_v the_o pissarsz_n of_o the_o army_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o intendant_n the_o great_a ensign_n the_o camp-marshal_n the_o captain_n of_o the_o guard_n or_o watch_n and_o last_o the_o major_a general_n which_o be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o our_o brigadier_n army_n then_o come_v the_o colonel_n captain_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v two_o other_o sort_n of_o officer_n belong_v to_o the_o army_n which_o be_v the_o camp-notary_n and_o the_o roto-magistri_a the_o former_a be_v to_o take_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o the_o army_n every_o three_o month_n and_o to_o transmit_v a_o copy_n thereof_o to_o the_o great_a treasurer_n and_o another_o to_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n but_o in_o lithuania_n this_o be_v to_o be_v do_v every_o month_n and_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n copy_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o general_n the_o roto-magistri_a be_v as_o it_o be_v captains_z or_o centurious_a of_o the_o frontier-guard_n and_o who_o can_v by_o the_o constitution_n enjoy_v such_o a_o commission_n and_o be_v senator_n at_o the_o same_o time_n belli_n as_o to_o the_o law_n relate_v to_o arm_n your_o grace_n may_v first_o be_v please_v to_o understand_v that_o though_o the_o king_n can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o declare_v war_n without_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o diet_n yet_o in_o case_n of_o sudden_a incursion_n he_o may_v former_o with_o the_o approbation_n only_o of_o such_o of_o the_o senator_n as_o be_v then_o about_o he_o and_o under_o sigismond_n iii_o there_o be_v a_o council_n of_o war_n assign_v by_o the_o diet_n or_o elect_v by_o the_o little_a diet_n amount_v to_o a_o considerable_a number_n to_o attend_v and_o advise_v in_o those_o matter_n which_o council_n continue_v even_o at_o this_o day_n however_o with_o this_o restraint_n that_o what_o they_o do_v be_v not_o altogether_o valid_a till_o it_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o general_n diet_n but_o as_o to_o offensive_a war_n that_o belong_v peculiarly_a to_o the_o great_a diet_n to_o declare_v the_o king_n in_o like_a manner_n can_v either_o give_v to_o or_o receive_v assistance_n from_o any_o foreign_a prince_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o general_n diet_n neither_o can_v he_o place_v any_o foreigner_n in_o the_o custody_n of_o castle_n or_o fort_n without_o their_o approbation_n the_o pole_n have_v many_o other_o law_n concern_v martial_a discipline_n which_o i_o have_v not_o room_n here_o to_o insert_v only_o i_o may_v take_v notice_n to_o your_o grace_n that_o deserter_n be_v punish_v not_o only_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o reputation_n but_o also_o whatever_o else_o they_o have_v in_o the_o world_n be_v consiscate_v to_o the_o sole_a use_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o army_n by_o the_o law_n also_o no_o woman_n be_v suffer_v to_o follow_v the_o camp_n though_o too_o great_a a_o number_n of_o servant_n and_o useless_a rabble_n be_v allow_v of_o insomuch_o that_o in_o a_o army_n of_o but_o 10000_o man_n there_o will_v at_o least_o be_v 50000_o of_o that_o gang._n thus_o my_o lord_n i_o have_v presume_v to_o present_v your_o grace_n with_o what_o particular_n i_o can_v find_v as_o well_o in_o the_o best_a polish_v historian_n as_o in_o some_o private_a memoir_n relate_v to_o the_o military_a affair_n in_o poland_n and_o which_o i_o hope_v though_o not_o capable_a to_o afford_v what_o satisfaction_n may_v be_v expect_v may_v at_o least_o give_v no_o occasion_n of_o offence_n i_o be_o my_o lord_n your_o grace_n most_o humble_a and_o most_o obedient_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n vii_o to_o his_o excellency_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr cleverskerk_n ambassador_n in_o ordinary_a to_o his_o majesty_n william_n iii_o from_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n of_o the_o trade_n coin_n and_o riches_n of_o poland_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o dantzic_n its_o manner_n privilege_n strength_n and_o revenue_n my_o lord_n trade_n have_v ever_o be_v just_o esteem_v so_o necessary_a towards_o the_o support_n and_o grandeur_n of_o any_o state_n that_o no_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n have_v hitherto_o be_v find_v so_o stupid_a as_o to_o be_v without_o it_o some_o country_n indeed_o have_v whole_o confine_v it_o to_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o own_o dominion_n but_o how_o much_o they_o have_v be_v in_o the_o wrong_n may_v appear_v from_o the_o vast_a advantage_n which_o foreign_a commerce_n have_v bring_v to_o other_o nation_n england_n and_o holland_n be_v sufficient_a demonstration_n of_o this_o assertion_n who_o during_o
the_o gentry_n and_o citizen_n rustic_n and_o their_o condition_n work_v on_o sunday_n pay_v rigid_a duty_n etc._n etc._n their_o edible_n and_o custom_n at_o grind_a corn._n their_o habit_n carriage_n and_o how_o make_v house_n employment_n within_o and_o without_o door_n why_o little_a horse_n here_o qualification_n for_o marriage_n character_n of_o these_o rustic_n samogitia_n differ_v from_o lithuania_n sturdy_n drinker_n reward_v proof_n of_o great_a age._n people_z more_o robu_v here_o manner_n in_o husbandry_n strange_a way_n of_o prune_v tree_n peculiar_a manner_n of_o sow_v way_n of_o order_v corn._n peculiar_a custom_n in_o prusia_n habitation_n and_o furniture_n meat_n and_o drink_n the_o pospolite_n or_o polish_v militia_n who_o oblige_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o horse_n who_o in_o the_o foot_n and_o penalty_n for_o neglect_v in_o both_o who_o be_v excuse_v from_o serve_v the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o pospolife_o former_o and_o now_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o be_v raise_v and_o muster_v thing_n require_v in_o vain_a of_o the_o polish_v cavalry_n meet_v at_o the_o general_n rendezvous_n a_o division_n of_o the_o army_n and_o first_o of_o the_o horse_n heavy_a arm_v light_a horse_n a_o division_n of_o the_o foot_n a_o further_a account_n of_o the_o cosack_n proceed_n in_o their_o counsel_n of_o war_n way_n of_o fortify_v their_o camp_n and_o bo_n their_o power_n what_o the_o polish_v foot_n be_v and_o how_o employ_v hire_a foot_n and_o their_o condition_n why_o so_o much_o use_v and_o their_o arm_n and_o livery_n gentry_z how_o far_o oblige_v to_o march_n with_o other_o particular_n hungarian_a foot_n when_o first_o hire_v auxiliary_n what_o example_n quartarians_n what_o and_o whence_o so_o call_v volunteer_n what_o in_o poland_n example_n select_v out_o of_o the_o gentry_n cause_n that_o weaken_v the_o polish_v force_n four_o thing_n require_v to_o defend_v a_o state_n manner_n of_o pay_v the_o army_n the_o rokosz_n and_o its_o manner_n of_o proceed_v example_n other_o inconvenience_n which_o suppress_v the_o pole_n power_n mean_v propose_v to_o avoid_v these_o inconvenience_n but_o ever-ruâ—ed_a â—reat_a force_n of_o cavalry_n notwithstanding_o with_o example_n two_o quality_n necessary_a in_o war._n soldier_n pay_v from_o what_o it_o arise_v and_o how_o raise_v provision_n and_o ammunition_n what_o gun-founder_n foreign_a for_o fortification_n pretend_a advantage_n thereby_o general_n their_o power_n and_o duration_n lieutenant_z generals_z their_o power_n other_o general_n officer_n other_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n some_o few_o particular_n of_o the_o pole_n jus_fw-la belli_n pole_n not_o much_o incline_v to_o trade_n and_o why_o commidity_n export_v and_o import_v but_o little_a money_n and_o why_o coin_n most_o current_a in_o poland_n contribute_v to_o poverty_n other_o coin_n pole_n not_o very_o rich_a and_o why_o particular_n of_o trade_n concern_v salt_n no_o full_a or_o papermill_n concern_v leather_n and_o fish_n manner_n of_o fish_v honey_n and_o its_o produce_v former_a trade_n of_o prussia_n â—antzic_a here_o siâ—ate_a by_o who_o build_v and_o whence_o so_o call_v how_o distant_a from_o other_o place_n it_o be_v division_n and_o strength_n one_o of_o the_o hanse_fw-mi town_n parish_n building_n street_n and_o garden_n inhabitant_n their_o number_n and_o religion_n church_n town-house_n three_o magazine_n a_o college_n exchange_n etc._n etc._n jurisdiction_n and_o government_n senator_n and_o their_o division_n the_o twelve_o scabin_n and_o syndic_n burgrave_n to_o represent_v the_o king_n centumviri_n their_o power_n manner_n of_o elect_v and_o ordain_v priest_n four_o roman_a catholic_n church_n king_n power_n and_o revenue_n here_o city-power_n and_o privilege_n force_v by_o land_n and_o sea_n first_o coin_n in_o prussia_n present_a coin_n in_o dantzic_n how_o often_o take_v and_o regain_v admit_v to_o vote_n in_o election_n of_o polish_v king_n origin_n of_o teutonic_n order_n who_o build_v their_o hospital_n of_o jerusalem_n their_o order_n confirm_v and_o by_o what_o title_n another_o hospital_n with_o their_o removal_n into_o germany_n and_o prussia_n marienburg_n build_v for_o sake_n prussia_n and_o wherefore_o their_o statute_n habit_n number_n and_o manner_n be_v much_o favour_v by_o several_a prince_n great_a master_n in_o prussia_n i_o great_a master_n 1190._o two_o great_a master_n 1200._o iii_o great_a master_n 1206._o iv_o great_a master_n 1210._o v_o great_a master_n 1240._o vi_o great_a master_n 1252._o vii_o great_a master_n 1263._o viii_o great_a master_n 1275._o ix_o great_a master_n 1283._o x_o great_a master_n 1290._o xi_o great_a master_n 1297._o xii_o great_a master_n 1307._o xiii_o great_a master_n 1309._o fourteen_o great_a master_n 1322._o xv_o great_a master_n 1325._o xvi_o great_a master_n 1329._o xvii_o great_a master_n 1339._o xviii_o great_a master_n 1342._o xix_o great_a master_n 1348._o xx_o great_a master_n 1379._o xxi_o great_a master_n 1388._o xxii_o great_a master_n 1394._o xxiii_o great_a master_n 1404._o xxiv_o great_a master_n 1406._o xxv_o great_a master_n 1414._o xxvi_o great_a master_n 1323._o xxvii_o great_a master_n 1432._o xxviii_o great_a master_n 1450._o xxix_o great_a master_n 1467._o xxx_o great_a master_n 1468._o xxxi_o great_a master_n 1480._o xxxii_o great_a master_n 1489._o xxxiii_o great_a master_n 1498._o xxxiv_o great_a master_n 1512._o dantzic_n b_o siege_v by_o albert._n siege_n raise_v by_o the_o pole_n albert_n submit_v to_o sigismond_n great_a master_n in_o germany_n xxxv_o great_a master_n 1531._o xxxvi_o great_a master_n 1543._o xxxvii_o great_a master_n 1566._o xxxviii_o great_a master_n 1572._o thirty-nine_o great_a master_n 1587._o xl_o great_a master_n 1619._o xli_o great_a master_n 1624._o xlii_o great_a master_n 1627._o xliii_o great_a master_n 1644._o xliv_o great_a master_n 1664._o a_o prince_n of_o neubourg_n elect_v of_o the_o order_n ceremony_n of_o creation_n elect_v likewise_o coadjutor_n present_a state_n of_o teutonic_n order_n in_o germany_n two_o university_n chief_z study_v there_o learn_v former_o oriental_a language_n disregard_v present_a language_n in_o poland_n polish_v hard_a to_o pronounce_v reason_n why_o the_o pole_n affect_v latin_n have_v no_o solid_a learning_n how_o far_o that_o of_o divine_n extend_v their_o divinity_n lawyer_n their_o number_n and_o study_v who_o seldom_o go_v to_o law_n a_o suppose_a judgement_n on_o a_o lawyer_n physician_n and_o their_o ability_n not_o allow_v to_o study_v till_o qualify_v discourge_v learning_n natural_a observable_n and_o rarity_n of_o wood_n and_o earth_n strange_a water_n and_o their_o effect_n monstrous_a fish_n fowl_n of_o odd_a quality_n beast_n of_o strange_a kind_n rarity_n communicate_v to_o dr._n connor_n argentum_fw-la fulminans_fw-la make_v by_o chance_n other_o experiment_n dr._n bernitz'_v chsâ—t_v of_o rarity_n manner_n of_o make_v glass_n odd_a method_n of_o cure_v wound_n practise_v of_o physic_n what_o medicine_n use_v disease_n what_o venereal_a how_o cure_a by_o a_o quack_n surprise_v particular_n disease_n peculiar_a to_o the_o pole_n and_o first_o the_o plica_fw-la it_o be_v description_n unaccountableness_n symptom_n neither_o bleed_v nor_o be_v painful_a say_a to_o be_v contagious_a and_o hereditary_a common_a to_o man_n and_o beast_n superstition_n concern_v it_o and_o other_o case_n where_o most_o common_a it_o be_v cure_n by_o a_o jew_n cause_n assert_v but_o question_v another_o account_n of_o the_o plica_fw-la hair_n canular_a the_o rose_n and_o its_o cure_n present_a bound_n and_o extent_n of_o curland_n it_o be_v soil_n and_o former_a state_n when_o whole_o conquer_a convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o degree_n i_o bishop_n in_o livonia_n 1180._o two_o bp_o &_o abp_n of_o riga_n 1194._o iii_o abp_n of_o riga_n 1194._o i_o absolute_a master_n of_o livonian_a order_n 1205._o two_o absolute_a master_n 1223._o iii_o master_n 1238._o iv_o master_n 1240._o five_o master_n 1248._o vi_o master_n 1250._o vii_o master_n viii_o master_n ix_o master_n x_o master_n xi_o master_n xii_o master_n xiii_o master_n fourteen_o master_n xv_o mast_n r_o xvi_o master_n xvii_o master_n xviii_o master_n xix_o master_n 1488._o iii_o absclute_a master_n 1513._o iv._o abso-master_n v._o absolute_a master_n vi_o absolute_a master_n 1560._o residence_n of_o this_o order_n i._o duke_n of_o curland_n 1561._o ii_o duke_n 1587._o iii_o duke_n 1602._o iv._o duke_n 1639._o discover_v tobago_n and_o enjoy_v it_o be_v deprive_v of_o it_o proposes_n mean_v to_o recover_v it_o agreement_n between_o the_o k._n of_o england_n and_o d._n of_o curland_n grant_v of_o trade_n in_o africa_n upon_o what_o condition_n grant_v of_o the_o island_n tabago_n under_o what_o consideration_n duke_n oblige_v to_o aid_v the_o king_n in_o war._n a_o letter_n send_v hereupon_o but_o with_o little_a effect_n french_z beg_v the_o island_n of_o their_o king_n a_o second_o letter_n from_o k._n charles_n a_o letter_n intercept_v the_o duke_n send_v governor_n make_v a_o contract_n with_o a_o captain_n description_n of_o tobago_n why_o necessary_a to_o be_v english_a hand_n tobacco_n whence_o so_o call_v duke_n james_n marriage_n and_o issue_n vi_o duke_n his_o marriage_n and_o issue_n 1683._o vii_o duke_n 1698._o d._n of_o curland_n vassal_n to_o poland_n his_o privilege_n and_o power_n revenue_n and_o court_n chief_z officer_n qualification_n of_o supreme_a stagostas_n condition_n of_o gentry_n addition_n concern_v livonian_n order_n principal_a master_n how_o and_o where_o choose_v marshal_n of_o the_o order_n number_n of_o comendador_n number_n of_o advocates_n title_n habit_n and_o arm_n of_o this_o order_n geographical_a description_n of_o curland_n city_n and_o town_n of_o goldingen_n vinda_n residence_n of_o knight_n pilten_n rich_a gentry_n in_o curland_n mittaw_n it_o be_v castle_n street_n and_o house_n how_o distant_a from_o other_o place_n 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