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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A36174	An astronomical description of the late comet or blazing star as it appeared in New-England in the 9th, 10th, 11th, and in the beginning of the 12th moneth, 1664 : together with a brief theological application thereof / by S.D.	Danforth, Samuel, 1626-1674.	1665 (1665)	Wing D173; ESTC R8490	10,532	24

13th degr of Sagittarius A Brief Theological Application of this strange and notable Appearance in the Heavens 1. THE Holy Scriptures which are the Authentick and unerring Canon of truth teach us to look at Comets as Portentous and Signal of great and notable Changes Joel 2. 30 31. I will shew wonders in the Heavens and in the Earth Bl●od and Fire and Pillars of Smoak The Sun shall be turned into Darkness and the Moon into Blood before the great and terrible day of the Lord come Luke 21. 25 There shall be signes in the Sun and in the Moon and in the Stars Acts 2. 19. 20. I will shew wonders in Heaven above and signes in the Earth beneath Blood and Fire and Vapor of Smo●k The Sun shall be turned into Darkness and the Moon into Blood before the great and notable day of the Lord come II. The Histories of former Ages do abundantly testifie that Comets h●●e been many times Heralds of wrath to a secure and impenitent World Take a few Instances A little before the Achaick Warr as Seneca reports there appeared a Comet fiery and ruddy which cast a clear light whereby the night was enlightened Anno Christ 56. There appeared a Comet The same Year Claudiu● died and bloody Nero succeeded who slew his Mo●h●r his Wife and his Master Sene●● and exercised a great deal of cruelty and wickedness Anno 323. There were diverse Comets which preceeded the Pestile●● He●esie●● of Arius Anno. 337. A Comet appeared before the death of Constantine the great and innumerable evils followed Anno 602. A great Comet appeared which preceded if not presaged the slaughter of Mauritius the Emperor and the Supremacy of the Bishop of Rome Anno 675 676. There appeared a Comet 3 moneths at which time the Saracens greatly afflicted the Roman Empire Anno. 729 Two Comets appeared and the same year a great Plag●e invaded the World Anno 814. A terrible Comet appeared before the death of Charles the great Anno 1066. A Comet appeared a long time to the whole World the same Year England was many waies afflicted by William Duke of Norman●y and at length subdued Anno 1618. There appeared a great Comet the same year brake forth the Bloody Wars in G●●ma●y Anno 1652. There appeared a Comet at the beginning of Mr. Cottons sickness and disappeared a few daies after his death The next year strange and notable changes of state happened in England 'T is true some Comets have been thought to presage good to the World as that in the dayes of Augustus before the birth of Christ I intend not that miraculous Star which appeared to the Magi. Another before the death of Nero Another before the reformation by Wickliffe Another before the reformation by Lut●e● but most commonly they are observed to precede if not portend great Calamities Anno 79 Upon a Comet followed horrible Winds an E●●●h-quak● and Pestilence When some sh●wed 〈◊〉 this Comet fearing it might portend his death he answered merrily that this Prod●gie noted not him but the King of 〈◊〉 For faith he he nou●isheth his hair but I am bald But not long after Vespasian died III. The Commination of wrath according to Scripture is to be understood after a conditional 〈◊〉 i e. 〈◊〉 an implicite reservation for Gods altering a●d revoking his threatned dispensation upon repentance intervening Jer. 18. 7 8. At what Instant I shall fpeak concerning a nation ●●d concerning a Kingdome to pluck up and to pull down and to destroy it if that nation against whom I have pronounced turn from their Evil I will repent of the evil that I thought to do unto them Jer 36. 3 7. It may be the house of Judah will hear all the evil which I purpose to do unto them that they may return every man from his evil way that I may forgive their Iniquity and their Sin It may be they will present their supplication before the Lord and will returne every one from his evil way for great is the Anger and the Fury which the Lord hath pronounced against this People Jonah 3. 10. And God saw their works that they turned from their evil way and God repented of the Evil that he had said that he would do unto them and he did it not IV. This Blazing Star being in conjunction with diverse other awful Providences and Tokens of Wrath calls upon us to awake out of security and to bring forth fruits meet for Repentance A Eew Instances of some late awful Providences 1. Earth-quakes About two years ago viz. Ian. 26 28. 1662 63. The foundations of the Earth trembled and some of our houses rock't like a cradle 6 or 7 times did the Earth shake under us in the space of 2 or 3 dayes It was then thought and said that these Earth-quakes might portend the Lords shaking the foundations of our Churches and of our civil state 2. The late removal by Death of some of our eminent Prophets and seers who were as eyes unto us in the Wilderness and the Charen of Israel and the Horse-men thereof April 5th 1663 That burning and shining Light who shone in the Church of Boston and gave light to the whole Colony and Country Mr. John Norton a man eminently accomplished was taken from us and translated to an higher Orb. Of whom New-England was not worthy Iuly 20 1663. That bright and radiant Star a Star of the first magnitude Mr. Samuel Stone the strength and glory of Connecticut rested from his labours and sorrows and fell a sleep sweetly and placidly in the Lord. A little before Him Mr Iohn Miller and Mr. Samuel Newman faithful painful and affectionate Preachers of the Gospel were also taken from us by death Thus our Pillars are cut down our strongest Stakes pluck't up and our breaches not repaired Is it a small thing in our eyes y t our principal Congregations Head-townes should be so sadly bereaved as they are at this day 3. The sad Mildew and Blasting whereby we have been greatly afflicted the last Summer and some ofus the Summer before our principal grain being turned into an husk rotteness 4. Severe Drought this last Summer which burnt up the Pastures and the latter growth 5. Early Frosts which smote our Indian Corn and greatly impoverished our latter harvest Unto these and some other no less threatning Visitations is superadded this strange and fearful Appearance in the Heavens which is now seconded by a new Appearance this Spring concomitant to the translation of our Honoured and Aged Governour Mr. John Endicot from hence to a better World By all which doubtless the Lord calls upon New-England to awake and to repent To this End Consider 1. What a jealous eye the Lord hath upon us observing how we carry and behave our selves at such a time as this Ier. 3. 8. And I saw when for all the causes whereby backsliding Israel committed Adultery I had put her away and given her a bill of Divorce yet her Treacherous Sister Judah feared not but went and played the Harlot also 2. What the Lord expects and looks for from a people so highly favoured and priviledged and so awfully warned and threatned Zeph. 3. 7. I said surely thou wilt fear mee thou wilt receive Instruction so their dwelling place should not be cut off howsoever I punished them 3. How sadly will the Lord Jesus expostulate with us if we fall asleep in the hour of the Passion and Agony of the Gospel Mat. 26. 40. He cometh unto the Disciples and findeth them a sleep and faith unto Peter what could ye not watch with me one hour each word is very Emphatical 4. The danger of being surprized by temptation before we are aware Lam. 1. 9. She Remembred not her last end therefore she came down wonderfully she had no comforter Rev. 16. 15 Behold I come as a thief Blessed is he that watcheth and keepeth his garments lest he walk naked and they see his shame 5. The singular blessing reserved for the Vigilant and penitent Hab. 3. 16. When I heard my belly trembled my lips quivered at the voice rotteness entred into my bones and I trembled in my selfe that I might rest in the day of trouble Luke 21. 36. Watch ye therefore and pray alwaies that ye may be accounted worthy to escape all these things that shall come to pass and to stand before the Son of Man To Conclude God forbid that any of us should be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wandring Stars Eccentrick and Erratick in our motions as all Seducers and Impostors are for whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever Jude 1. 13 but the Lord grant that we may all become fixed Stars in the new Jerusalem which cometh down from God observing the Heavenly order prescribed in his holy word and shining as light in the midst of a crooked and perverse generation clearly reflecting that pure and preciou● light wherewith we are irradiated by the Sun of Righteousness and then we may assure ourselves Christ will still hold us in his right hand and not suffer us to be cast down from Heaven but enable us to finish our course with joy at length translate us into the Kingdome of the Father where we shall shine forth as the Sun and as the brightness of the firmament and as the Stars forever and ever Amen FINIS

AN ASTRONOMICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE LATE COMET OR BLAZING STAR As it appeared in new-New-England in the 9 th 10 th 11 th and in the beginning of the 12 th Moneth 1664. TOGETHER With a brief Theological Application thereof By S. D. Psal 111. 2. The Works of the Lord are great sought out of all them that have pleasure therein Job 36. 24. Remember that thou magnifie his work which men behold Exod. 7. 23. And Pharaoh turned and went into his House neither did he set his heart to this also CAMBRIDGE Printed by Samuel Green 1665. DU BARTAS There with long bloody Hair a Blazing Star Threatens the World with Famine Plague War To Princes death to Kingdomes many crosses To all Estates Inevitable Losses To Heardmen Rott to Plow-men hapless seasons To Sailors Storms to Cities civil Treasons AN ASTRONOMICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE LATE COMET As it appeared in New-England I. THis Comet is no sublunary Meteor or sulphureous Exhalation but a Celestial Luminary moving in the starry Heavens The Truth hereof may be demonstrated 1 By the vast Dimensions of it's body Some Comets have been observed by Astronomers to be halfe as big as the Mo●n some bigger then the Moon yea some bigger then the Earth The exact Dimensions of this Comet I may not presume to determine but it seemeth not to be of the smallest size Now 't is not easy to imagine how the Earth should afford matter for a Meteor of such a huge magnitude except we grant the greater part of the lower World to be turned into an exhalation 2. By the smalness of t●● Parallax The Parallax is the Distance between the true place of a Planet and the apparent The lower and neerer any Planet is to the Earth it hath the greater Parallax The Moon 's Parallax in her Perige is one degree and six minutes I could not by my Observation discerne that this Comet had any considerable Parallax 3. By it 's large circular motion If it had moved in the upper Region of the Aire it might have finished the whole visible arch of it's Circle in a few houres but wee saw it perform it 's proper motion with great constancy in a very large Circle such as the aire is not capable of 4 By it's long auration and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Had it been a Sulphureous Vapor kindled in the Aire it might have been consumed in a short time as other fiery Meteors are but this continued about three months 5 By it's Visibility to all Countries and Nations We already hear that this Comet was seen at Virginea Jamaica St. Martha Car●●gena and Barbados and no doubt but it was visible to the whole habitable World But the highest region of the Aire is accounted not much above fifty Engl●sh miles from the Earth and had this Comet been no higher it had been impossible that other Countries and Nations so far distant should have beheld it Whether this Comet was created in the beginning of the World together with the rest of the Sta●s and hath been hidden in the height and profundity of the Heavens and at a certain time descending toward the Earth becomes Visible and Signal to the World I leave free to after-disquisition II. This Comet is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Opake Body like the Moon and other of the Planets but Transparent and Pellucid the Sun Shining through 〈◊〉 The Moon is enlightened on that part onely which is next the Sun and like a looking glasse she reflects the solar Beames which are cast upon her but the Sun irradiates the Comet and shines through it as through a Transparent Gemm and illustrates a long tract in the Heavens beyond it As the Moon being a thick and dark Body casts a dark shaddow from the Sun so the Comet being a clear and Diaphanous Body transmits the light and casts a bright and shining stream from the Sun which alters and varies according to the diverse aspect of the Sun III. The Coma or Blazing Stream that issues from the Comet is no real flame but the Irradiation and Resplendence of the Sun through the Transparent and Pellucia Body of the Comet A Comet is denominated from it's Coma or Bushy-lock for the Stream hath some resemblance of a lock of hair Now this Stream is not the flagrancy of the Comet but the Beames of the Sun shining through the Diaphanous and Translucid head of the Comet as may be argued and demonstrated 1. By it's site and position which is alwaies in opposition to the Sun Had it been a natural flame arising from it's flagrant head it would have constantly moved upward as the flame of a Lamp or Torch unless it had broken forth by violence but this streaming was sometimes upward sometimes somewhat downward sometimes westward sometimes northward sometimes eastward according to the position of the Sun neither can I imagine that any violence caused it so to move 2. By the diverse form and figure of the stream according to the diverse aspect of the Sun One while it was like a beard another while like a taile 3. By the diverse dimensio●s of the Stream It was sometimes longer sometimes shorter sometimes broad●● sometimes narrower according as the Comet was neerer or further from the Earth 4 By the diverse quality and colour of the stream It was sometimes bright and radiant at other times obscure du●kish and faint according to the apparent radiation of the Sun and the Comets distance from us 5. By it's duration Had it been a real and natural flame it is difficult to understand how the head of the Comet could have supplied it with food and fuel for so many months together Obj If the Stream be an irradiation of the Sun how comes it to be conspicuous and visible to us The Sun-beames passing through the etherial Heavens are not in themselves visible neither do they terminate our sight Answ The only reason thereof that I can yet learn is the Refraction and Reverberation of the Sun-beames as they pass through the Come●'s condensed body whereby they are so congregated and so neerly united as that they terminate the sight and become conspicuous in the Heavens I have read of a certain semi-transparent Gemme called the Heliotrope that if it be put into faire water opposed to the beames of the Sun it doth change it's beames and by the repercussion of the Aire seems to shadow the clearness of it's rayes and so induce a sanguineous colour in the Aire as if the Sun by the interposition of the body of the Moon did suffer an ecliptick darkness IV. This Comet is not a new fixed Star but a Planetick or Erratick Body wandring up down in the etherial firmament under the fixed stars Some learned Astronomers distinguish these more noble and celestial Phaenomena or appearances into Fixed and Erratick Several new Stars have appeared which are fixed i. e. they keep the same place in the Heaven● and the same distance from the fixed Stars One in C●ssiopeia Anno 1572. which continued a