agaynst the Pope Fol. 463. After the taking of Bolognia the French armie returneth to the Duchie of Millan The Councell that vvas to be holden at Pisa agaynst the Pope is transferred to Millan vvhere many stirres happen The Popes armie besiegeth Bolognia The French men take Bressia The battell is giuen at Rauenna The Pope publisheth the Councell at Rome Aftervvardes the affayres of the French begin to decline Fol. 531. The Duke of Ferrara is in great trouble The Medicis returne to Florence The king of Romanes makes alliance vvith the Pope Maxymylian Sforce is put in the possession of the Duchie of Myllan The French king maketh his preparacion to recouer Myllan Pope Iulio dyeth Leo the tenth is created Pope The French men are ouerthrovven neare to Nouaro and the Venetians neare to Vincensa Fol. 602. The king of England makes vvarre vppon the Fr. king The Venetians recouer Fryull The Pope as Arbitrator pronovvnceth peace betvveene them and the king of Romaines king Lovvys the xij dyeth Frauncis the first commeth to the crovvne and discendeth into Italy to reconquer Myllan Fol. 660. The D. of Vrbyn makes an enterprise to recouer his estate out of the handes of Pope Leo The Fr. king makes a league vvith the Pope The conspiracie of Cardinall Petruccio against the Pope is discouered Charles king of Spayne is chosen Emprour Martyn Luther vvriteth against the Pope The Pope putteth to death Iohn Pavvle Baillon Fol. 729. Pope Leo is the cause that the peace continueth not in Italy He ioyneth in league vvith th Emprour against the French king The French king loseth the Duchie of Myllan Pope Leo dyeth Adrian the sixt is created Pope Frauncis Sforce reentreth vppon the Duchie of Myllan Vvarre is made in Tuskane by Ranso de Cero Fol. 777. Pope Adrian comes to Rome The Venetians make league vvith th Emprour The french men beseege Myllan and are constrayned to diuert from it Cardinall Medicis is created Pope King Frauncis discendeth into Italy he taketh Myllan and beseegeth Pauya Themprour sendeth out an army to succour Pauya vvhere a battell is fought and the French king taken prisoner Fol. 838. The Pope is accorded vvith th Emprour Many practises are made for the kings deliuerie Ierom Moron conspireth against the Emprour The fr. king is deliuered out of prison returneth into Fraunce Fol. 9004. The Pope the french king Venetians and Duke of Myllan dravve into league against th Emprour The Duke of Burbon comes co Myllan The army of the league breakes vp from before Myllan The castell of Myllan is rendred to th Imperialls Many enterprises are dressed against the Pope The confederats sende their armies by sea to Genes Rome is surprised by the Colonnois The Pope makes peace vvith th Imperialls vvhich hurteth the deuises of Lombardye The D. of Ferrara is confederat vvith the Emprour Fol. 967. The Duke of Burbon yssueth of Myllan The Viceroy and the Colonnois make vvarre vpon the Pope in the states of the Church The Marquis of Salussa entreth Bolognia The Pope maketh vvarre in the kingdom of Naples The Duke of Burbon leadeth his armie to Rome taketh the tovvne and sacketh it and is slayne in the action The Pope being abandoned of all hope accordeth vvith the Imperialls Amutinie in Florence The king of England against th Emprour The confederats doe many enterprises Fol. 1034. Lavvtrech beseegeth Naples In the meane vvhile Anth. de Leua taketh Pauya and beseegeth Loda Andre Dore leaueth the pay of the French Lavvtrech dyeth The french breake vp from before Naples Monsr Saint Pol reconquereth Pauya Andre Dore taketh Genovvay The Genovvaies take Sauona and put themselues in libertie Saint Pol is taken by Anth. de Leua Th Emprour falleth to accord vvith the Pope Peace is made at Cambray betvvene the Emprour and French king The Emprour passeth into Italy vvhere the vvarre goeth against the Florentyns and peace is solicited vvith all others Fol. 1103. The Emprour taketh th Imperiall crovvne at Bolognia and from thence passeth into Germany The famulies of Medicis by the ayde of th Emprours army returne to Florence Ferdinand is chosen king of Romaines The Pope vvill not barken to a counsell The French king stirreth vp the Turke against th Emprour hath conference vvith the Pope at Marseilles Fol. 1163. The ende of the contents of the bookes THE ARGVMENT OF THE FIRST BOOKE LODOWYK SFORCE vncle and tutor to Iohn Galeas Duke of Myllan fearing least Ferdinand King of Naples would make warre vpon him breaketh of from the league that had bene renewed betwene the sayd Ferdinand Iohn Galeas and the common weale of Florence against the Venetians he procureth the French King Charles the viij to passe into Italy to conquer the kingdom of Naples Pope Alexander the vj. allieth himselfe with the King of Naples The French King hauing ordered th' affayres of the kingdom descendeth into Italy where he taketh many townes Diuerse emotion happen in the kingdom of Naples The Pope is in great perplexitie and trauell Pisa rebelleth against the Florentines The French King entreth into Florence and Rome and from thence passeth to Naples THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE historie and discoursse of Guicciardin HAVING in hand to write the affaires fortunes of Italie I iudged it cōuenient to drawe into discoursse those particularities that most nearest resemble our time and memorie yea euen since the selfe princes of that country calling in the armies of Fraunce gaue the first beginning to so great innouations A matter for the varietie greatnes and nature of suche thinges verie notable and well worthie of memorie and for the heauie accidents hatefull bluddie and horrible for that Italie for many yeres was trauelled with all those sortes of calamities with the which principalities countries and mortall men are wont to bee afflicted aswell by the iuste wroth and hand of God as through the impietie and wickednes of other nations The knowledge of these things so great and diuerse may minister many wholsome instructions aswell to all men generally as to euery one in particular considering that by the trial consent demonstration of so many examples all princes people and patrimonies may see as a sea driuen with diuerse windes to what inconstancie humane things are ordeined how harmefull are the ill measured counsells of princes many times preiudiciall to them selues but alwayes hurtefull to their people and subiects specially when they are vainelie caried awaye either with their singular errours or priuate couetousnes without hauing any impression or remembrance of the ordinary chaunges of fortune whereby turning to the domage and displeasure of others the power which is giuen them for the safetie protection pollicie of the whole they make them selues either by want of discression or too much ambition authours of innouations and new troubles But the better to make knowen the state and condition of Italie at that time together with the occasions of so many afflictions happening it is to be considered that
meane to execute against the parties so that dispatches went out according to the olde rates The king for his parte promised not to take into his protection any of the Cities of Tuskane And albeit afterwardes he required to haue libertie to protect the people of Lucqua who offered him fiue and twentie thowsande duckats saying he was bounde to that protection by thobligacion of his predecessor yet the Pope would giue no consent but promised for his parte that he woulde forbeare to molest them in any sorte Lastly they agreed by indifferent consent of them both to sende frear Giles Generall of the Augustins and an excellent preacher to Caesar in the Popes name to dispose him to render to the Venetians Bressa and Verona taking a recompense of money And so vppon the expedicion of these matters but not sette downe by wryting except tharticle for nominacion of benefices and payment of the Annats according to the true vallue the Pope in fauour of the king pronounced Cardinall Adrian de Boisy brother to the great Maister of Fraunce and of the greatest authoritie with the king and in the generall gouernment That the enteruiewe brake vppe the king departing from the Pope verie well contented and in great hope to haue him his perpetuall frende who for his parte expressed no lesse with all reasonable demonstracions but in his minde he nourished other impressions for that bothe it was a matter no lesse greeuous to him then affore that the Duchie of Myllan shoulde be possessed by the Frenche king and Parma and Plaisanca restored and also that the Duke of Ferrara should be eftsoones reinuested in Modena and Reggia And yet all these not long after turned to vanitie and smoake for that the Pope being gone from Bolognia to Florence remeining there about a moneth had receiued of the Duke promises of the money that should be payd assoone as he should enter into possession being there set down in writing by common consent thinstrumentes that were to passe betwene them the Pope neither denying nor accomplishing but interposing many delayes and excuses refused to giue perfection to things The king being returned to Myllan dismissed his armie except seuen hundred launces six thowsand launceknightes and foure thowsand frenchmen such as they caladuenturers whom he left for the gard of that estate And for his owne person he teturned into Fraunce with great speede about the first beginning of the yeare 1516. leauing behinde him as his Lieftenaunt Charles Duke of Burbon he thought he had left his affayres in Italie in good estate of sewertie both for the allyance newlie contracted with the Pope and also for that about that time he was newly compounded with the Svvyzzers who notwithstanding the perswasions of the king of England to haue them to reenter into armes against the frenche king renewed with him thalliance by the which they bound them selues to furnishe alwayes for his seruice and at his paye both in Italie and out of Italie for defense and offence and against all nations suche numbers of footemen as he would require and that vnder their vniuersall name and publike enfeignes onely they excepted to beare armes against the Pope the Empire and thEmperour And on the other side the king confirmed to them of newe their auncient pensions with promisse to paye them within a certaine time the six hundred thowsand duckats agreed vpon at Dyon with three hundred thowsande if they gaue vp to him the villages and vallies apperteyning to his Duchy of Myllan A matter which the fiue Cantons that possessed those places refusing to do as also to ratifie the accord the king began to pay to the other eight Cantons that parte and porcion of the money that apperteined to them who accepted it but vnder this expresse condicion that they should not be bound to take his pay against the fiue Cantons About the beginning of this yeare the Bishoppe Petruccio an auncient seruant to the Pope chassed out of Siena by the Popes aide and some helpe from the Florentins Borgueso sonne to Pandolffe Petruccio his cossing and impatronised him selfe vpon the place the authority and gouernment remeining by equity in the possession of his said cossing the Pope had two respects inducing him to this actiō the one for that that citie standing betwene the estate of the Church and the dominion of the Florentins was gouerned by a man wholly at his deuocion the other was much more particular and mouing for that he hoped with the fauor of some good occasion to make it fall into the gouernment of his brother or his nephew wherein he douted nothing of the Bishops consent hauing already framed him tractable to all his desires and ambicions The warre continued kindeled betwene Caesar and the Venetians who for their partes desired to recouer by the aide of the frenche king Bressa and Verona But for other places and regions of Italie things seemed to stand in a peasible estate onely there beganne to burst out mocions of new stirres that were pushed on by the king of Aragon who fearing least the greatnesse of the frenche king would bring some aduersities to the realme of Naples delt with Caesar and the king of Englande to recontinewe the warre A matter not onely of no great difficultie and hardnesse to drawe Caesar vnto being both desirous of innouacion and newe thinges and also was not able easily to kepe the townes which he had takē from the Venetians But also it was fullie concluded and agreed vnto by the king of England The remembraunce of the late infidelitie and breache of promise of his father in lawe being of lesse power in him then either his present emulacion or auncient hatred against the crowne of Fraunce besides he was enuious that the Skottish king being in minoritie should be gouerned by people of his appoyntment or any waye depending on him These matters had bene followed both with better councell and greater forces if during the negociacion the death of the king of Aragon had not hapned who after he had bene vexed with a long indisposicion died in an inferior village called Madrigalege as he went to Seuile with his Court he was a king excellent in councell and so furnished with al other properties of vertue that he bare no occasion matter of reprehension if he had bene constant to keepe his promisses for touching thimputacion of nigardnes or the reapport that went of him to be straite in exspenses it was proued vntrue by the testimonie and discouerie of his estate after his death leauing behinde him no amasse of treasor notwithstanding he had reigned xlij yeares But it hapneth oftentymes by the corrupt iudgement of men that in a king prodigalitie is more praysed though the raking and oppression of subiects be ioyned to it then a sparing straitnes wherin is nourished an orderly absteyning from taxing the goods of others To thexcellent vertues of this Prince was ioyned a most rare and perpetuall felicitie
in chase amongest whom was a generall emulacion of hazarde and perill to kyll him that in so manyfest treason sought the lyfe of their maister but he founde more safetie in the swiftnesse of his horse then his followers founde remedie in their reuengefull desires And if fortune had aunswered the vallour and industrie of the man it might haue bene called one of the rarest most singular aduentures that euer was that one man without armor at noneday in a plaine way durst set vpon a great prince in the middest of his estate and enuironed with so great a strength of souldiors and men armed and yet to flee awaye in safetie The cause of this desperate resolucion of this gentleman was a malice that he had conceyued for the murder of Monseig Visconte who a fewe monthes affore had bene slayne in Millan by one Ierome Moron not without the Dukes will and priuitie as many supposed The Duke vpon his hurte withdrewe him selfe to Monce and for that he was ielouse that there were of the conspiracie within Millan the Bishoppe of Alexandria brother to Monseig that was slayne was apprehended by Moron and Prospero At the first rumor of the facte eyther to preuent the suspicion that might goe on him or to make his fauour the greater he put himselfe willingly into the handes of Prospero vppon his fayth and after he was sounded by examinacion they sent him prisoner to the Castell of Cremona some holding him guyltie and some speaking muche of his innocencie as the iudgementes of men were diuerse It happned almoste in the same seasons that Galeas Biraguo accompanied with thexiles of Millan and with the ayde of certayne French souldiors which were already in the countrey of Piemont was receiued into the towne of Valence by the capteine of the Castell who was a Sauoye man But Antho. de Leua lying within Ast with one part of the light horsmen and Spanish footemen being aduertised of thaccident went immediatly to incampe before it and taking the vauntage of the weaknes of the towne which thenemies had no time to reduce to fortification he planted his artilleries and tooke it the seconde daye and with the same successe battred the castell There died about foure hundred bodies aswel in the action of the towne as in th execution of the Castell besides many made prisoners amongest whom was Gale as principall leader of thenterprise According to the great preparations made in Fraunce for the warre the armie marched at laste and bandes of souldiors passed continually ouer the mountes After whome the person of the king prepared to passe whiche he had effectually accomplished had not the conspiracie of the Duke of Burbon which nowe beganne to come to lighte giuen impediment to his going he was of the blood royall and therfore his reputation more great generall for the dignitie of his office beeing great constable his authoritie was absolute ample by his large estates riches his credite was currant in Fraunce and by his naturall vallour he was mightie and stronge in the opinions of men But he had not bene of longe time in the grace and fauor of the king and in that abiection was not admitted to the secret affayres of the Realme nor respected according to the merit of his place and greatnes he was discontented with the oppression of the kinges mother who reuiuing certeine auncient rights made open clayme to the greatest part of his lands and dominions in the open parliament at Paris And for that he found in the king no disposicion to doe remedy to that griefe he suffred indignacion to enter into his hart in that discontentment admitted confederacion with thEmprour with the king of England solicited by Monsr de Beaurin of great confidēce with thEmprour his chief chamberlaine Betwene whom to assure things with a more faster and faithful knot it was agreed that thEmprour should giue him in mariage his sister Elenor the late widow of Emanuell king of the Portugalls Thexecucion of their councels was grounded vppon the french kings determinacion to goe in person to the warre In which resolucion to nourish him the more the king of England had giuen him conning hopes that he would not molest the realme of Fraunce for that yeare That the Duke of Burbon assoone as the king should be ouer the Mountes should enter Burgondy with an army of twelue thowsand footemen that were secretly leauied with the moneyes of thEmprour the king of England Wherein he doubted not well to acquite him self in that seruice both for the absence of the king for the vniuersall grace and opinion which he had through all the Realme of Fraunce And touching those thinges that should be conquered the Earledom of Prouence should remeine to him and in place of Earle he should put on the name title of king of Prouence chalenging that state to apperteine to him by the rights of the house of Aniovv And all the residue gotten by this warre to discend to the king of England The Duke of Burbon then abiding at Monlyns a principal towne of the Duchie of Burbon feyned him selfe to be sicke to haue the better excuse not to follow the king into Italy The king in his iorney to Lyons made Monlyns in his way where being already possessed of certeine light tokens of the Dukes conspiracie he gaue him an inkling that albeit many went about to bring him in distrust suspicion with him yet for his part he beleued lesse in the rumors informacions which might be full of incerteinty and errour then in his faith vallour whereof he had so good experience But the dissimulacion of the Duke exceded the roundnes plainnes of the king for keeping his intencions smothered he gaue thankes to God that had appointed him to liue vnder such a king affore whose equity grauity could not stand the false accusations imputacions of malicious men And in that cōpassion he promised the king to follow him wheresoeuer he would go so soone as he was deliuered of his malady which he said could not cōtinue long for that it drew with it no daūgerous accidēts But the king was no soner come to Lyons then he had aduertisement that many bands of laūceknights were mostred vpon the frōtiers of Burgondy which confirming the tokēs of suspicion that he had before together with certein letters surprised detecting more plainly the conspiracy he cōmitted to prison forthwith Monsr de S. Valier Monsr de Boisy brother to Monsr la Palisse the postmaster the Bishop of Autun all pertenors of the practise And thinking to make the action perfect by apprehēding the head he dispatched in great diligence to Monlyns the great maister with fiue hundred horse foure thowsand footemē to take the Duke of Burbon But his suspicion was swifter then their celerity for dowting no lesse the detectiō of things then fearing lest the passages would be stopped by his forecast he preuented
reputacion and authoritie He was a father of soldiours a director of their councelles a framer of their disposicions an example of vertue and a guide to true glorie and fame He was not apte to embrace lightly all occasions that the disorders of thennemies might offer for this propertie was ioyned to his wit rather to doubt too much then beleue too hastely And so ielous was he ouer the safetie and suertie of his people that he would not easily giue any aduauntage to thennemy to oppresse him He would alwayes saye that in a Generall the glorie was greater to feare a mischiefe and foresee it then to runne with occasions which can not bee without their hazardes He was by nature easie slow in his actions and seeking alwayes to administer warres more with councelles then with the sword he left to others this propertie of example to defend estates by temporising and not without great necessitie to commit the euent of battelles to fortune For in our tyme the managing and gouernment of warres hath farre differed since that affore Charles the eight past into Italy The brunt of the warre being more borne out with horsemen armed at all partes then with footemen and no lesse inconuenient and troublesome the engines wherwith they were wont to take townes notwithstanding the armies came oftentymes to the shock of battell yet the slaughter was litle very rare the bloud that was spilt And townes also that were beseged defended themselues with suche facilitie not for that they had more knowledge in defense but through ignorance to take them that there was not so litle or weake a towne which was not able for many dayes to resist great armies of enemies At that tyme Princes did not intrude vppon thestates of others without very great difficulties But when King Charles made his first discending into Italy the regions of that nation were so replenished with terror astonishment what through the feare of new nations and the vallour of the footemen whose feight was in another manner but most of all through the furie of thartilleries by whose vnacquainted roaring noyse the ignorant people feared no lesse then if the frame of the world had falne that there was no hope for any Prince to be able to defende himselfe that were not strong enough to keepe the fielde For men that had no knowledge to defende townes yelded at the first approach of thenemies and if happly any towne stoode to her defence it was taken within fewe dayes suche was the surie of thartilleries and suche the ignorance of men that had yet no custome nor familiaritie with them By that meane the realme of Naples and the Duchie of Millan were no sooner inuaded then they were conquered In that sort the Venetians being vanquished in one battell only left abandoned immediatly all their iurisdiction in the firme land And in that sort the Frenche men hauing skarcely seene thenemyes left the Duchie of Myllan But since the witte of man comprehending better the furie of batteries began to oppose engine and industrie for their defence and fortefied townes with mountes trenches flankes rampiers and Bastillions which they made apte to bestow artilleries vppon And being planted in a place which men seeke to defend doe farre more hurt then that that is braked without So that at this daye it is verie harde to take a towne where is any resistance made And happlie those inuentions began in Italy in the dayes of our fathers when the towne of Ottranto was reconquered vppon the Turkes wherin when Alfonso Duke of Calabria entred afterwardes he founde that the Turkes had made many rampiers and fortifications suche as were vnknowen to the Italians but yet those sortes of fortificatiōs remeined rather as images in the myndes of men then that they were folowed Prospero either was the only man or the first man of all other that with greatest reputacion hath twise by those meanes defended the Duchie of Myllan And aswel in offending as in defending and cutting of thenemies from vittelles as also in prolonging the warre with suche cunning that pouertie disorders and other extremities consumed them he hath borne out the warre and vanquished without once aduenturing the battell without breaking of a Launce yea almost without drawing a sworde So that he standing in example to others that haue come after many warres continued for many moneths haue bene ouercome more with industrie with stratageame and with temporising then with the force or fortune of armes These thinges were done in Italy in the yeare 1523. And the yeare folowing were made beyond the mounts preparacions of right great exspectation and yet brought forth no effectes worthy of so mightie Princes For where the Emprour the King of Englande had cōtracted promised the Duke of Burbon to enter with a strong armie the one into Piccardy the other into Guyen The mouing of the King of Englād was to smal purpose thēterprise of the Duke of Burbon to inuade Burgōdy was turned into a moūteine of smoke For that wanting mony to paie his Laūceknights besides the diminuciō of their nombers by the practise of certein Capteins that stoale away to the Frēch king he dispaired to do any thing in Fraūce in that mind wēt to Millan There themprour hauing no mind that he shold passe into Spain perhaps because he wold not haue the mariage of his sister go forward which the Duke of Burbon desired sēt to hī Mōsr de Beaurain to persuade hī to staie there gaue him thauthority title of his lieftenāt general in Italy to induce him with better wil to abide there Neither did things happē more happily to Thēprour on the coast of Spaine for that albeit in a burning desire to the warres he was come to Pampeluna to passe in person into Fraunce and had already sent his armie beyond the Mountes Pireney where he had taken Saueterra which is not farre from S. Iohn de pied de Porc yet drawing with him many other imperfections he founde at last that his readines was farre greater then his power for that as for the want of money he was not hable to enterteine so great forces as were necessarie for so great an enterprise so for that want also he was not able to assemble his armie vntill the latter ende of the yere when the nature of the season doubled vpon him his difficulties and tooke from him the libertie of the wayes These impediments compelled him to dissolue his armie erected almost agaynst the counsell of all his capteines which made the Duke of Albe a prince of great authoritie say in the heate of the warre that themprour who in many things resembled king Ferdinand his grandfather by the mother side did in this deliberacion beare moste similitude and likenesse with his grandfather by the father side Nowe came on the yere a thousande fiue hundred twentie and foure when the difficulties of the Frenche men stirring vp themperours capteines to looke to
drawing thether with their forces The Viceroy was appointed to goe against the Marquis of Rothelin who was come ouer the Mounts with foure hundred launces Neuertheles assoone as he vnderstood of the fortune of the Admirall and that he was retyred he returned also into Fraunce holding it vaine for him to followe further thenterprise when the principall forces were dispersed Besides Monsr de Boysy and Iulio Saint Seuerin to whom was committed the gard of Alexandria made no resistance In like sort Federyk after he had demaunded respit of a fewe dayes to know if the Admirall were passed the Mountes compownded to yeeld vp Loda vppon the condicion that was accorded to them of Alexandria to leade into Fraunce the bands of Italian footemen who conteining a regiment of fiue thousande men did speciall seruice to the King afterwardes This was the end of the warre that was managed against the Duchie of Myllan vnder the gouernment of the Admiral of Fraunce By the which neither the kings power being much weakened nor the rootes of harmes remooued much lesse that so many calamities were cleane taken away seeing they were but deferred to an other season and Italy in the meane while remeining discharged of trobles present but not of suspicion of further aduersities to come And yet Themprour no lesse by the incitacion of the Duke of Burbon then by the hope that the authoritie and name of that man might serue him to speciall purpose Was of minde to transferre the warre into Fraunce to the which also the King of Englande showed a readines and disposicion In the beginning of this yeare Themprour had sent his Camp to Fontarabie a towne of verie smal circuit standing vppon the debatable lands that deuide Fraunce from Spaine And albeit the towne was very wel manned and furnished with artilleries and vittelles and leasure sufficient to them within to make it fortefied yet the fortifications being ill made through the ignorance of the Frenche men the towne laye open to the fury of thenemies who heaping vppon the defendants one necessitie after an other constrained them at last to giue it vp only with the safetie of their lyues He was not satisfied with the recouerie of this place but stretching his thoughtes further he made his ambicion no lesse then his fortune and in those conceites being raised to further enterprise he kept no reckoning of the comfortes and authoritie of the Pope who hauing sent in the beginning of the yeare to Themprour the Frenche King and to the King of Englande to solicit a peace or a truse he found their mindes very ill disposed to giue ouer the warre For the French king consenting to a truse for two yeares refused to make peace for the small hope he had to obteine thereby suche condicions as he desired And the Emprour reiecting the truse by the which was giuen good tyme to the Frenche King to reordeine his forces to folow a new warre desired to haue peace And touching the King of Englande any sort of composicion that was offred to be made by the Popes meanes was displeasing to him as in whom was alwayes a desire that the treatie of thaccorde might bee wholly referred to him To this he was induced by the ambicious counselles of the Cardinall of Yorke who seruing as a true example in our dayes of an immoderate pride notwithstanding he was of very base condicion and no lesse abiect for his parentes and discending yet he was risen to suche an estate of authoritie and grace with the King that in most of the actions of the realme the kings wil seemed nothing without thapprobacion of the Cardinall as of the contrary what so euer the Cardinall did deliberate was either absolute or at least had very great force But both the King and his Cardinall kept dissembled with the Emprour that thought by apparances showed a very forward inclination to moue warre against the realme of Fraunce which the King of Englande pretended lawfully to apperteyne to him He grounded his claime vppon these reasons King Edvvard the thirde after the death of the Frenche King Charles the fourth called the faire who dyed without issue male in the yeare of our saluacion 1328. and of whose sister the sayde King Edvvarde the third was borne Made instance to be declared King of Fraunce as next heire male to the French king deceassed Neuertheles he was put by by the generall Parliament of the realme wherein it was set downe that by vertue of the lawe Salyke an auncient lawe of that kingdome not only the persons of women were made vnable to the succession of the Crowne but also all suche as discended and came of the women line were excluded But he not satisfied with this order brought in to take away his right armed him selfe soone after and taking vpon him the title of the king of Fraunce he inuaded the realme with a mightie armie And as in that action he obteined many victories both agaynst Phillip de Valois published by vniuersall consent lawfull successor to Charles the fayre and also agaynst king Iohn his sonne who being ouerthrowne in battell was ledde prisoner into England So after long warres he forbare further to vex the realme and making peace with the sayde Iohn he reteined many prouinces and estates of the kingdome and renounced the title of king of Fraunce But after this composicion which was neither of long continuance nor of great effect the quarrell was eftsones renewed and sometimes followed with long warres and semetimes discontinued with tedious truces vntill at laste king Henry the fift entring confederacie with Phillip Duke of Burgondy who bare a minde estraunged from the Crowne of Fraunce for the murder done vpon Duke Iohn hys father preuayled so muche agaynst Charles the sixt somewhat simple of vnderstanding that he commaunded almost the whole kingdome together with the towne of Paris And finding in that Citie the French king accompanied with his wife and the Lady Katherine his daughter he tooke to wife the sayde Lady and brought the king to consent hauing no great vse of witte that after his death the kingdome shoulde apperteine to him and to his heires notwithstanding his sonne Charles did suruiue him By vertue of which title assone as he was dead his sonne king Henry the sixte was solemnly crowned at Paris and proclaymed king of Englande and Fraunce And albeit after the death of Charles the sixte his sonne Charles the seuenth by reason of great warres happning in Englande betweene the Lordes of the blood royall had chased thEnglishe out of all that they helde in Fraunce except the towne and territories of Callice yet the kinges of Englande dyd not leaue for all that to continue and vse the title of King of Fraunce These causes might happly moue king Henry the eyght to the warre the rather also for that he stoode more assured in his Realme then anye of his predecessours had done for that the kinges of the house of Yorke that was
the name of one faction hauing suppressed the kinges of the house of Lancaster whiche was the other faction and the partakers with the house of Lancaster seeing there was no more remayning of that house raysed to the kingdome Henrye of Richemont for his proximitie and nearenes with them Who after he had subdued hys aduersaries to th ende he might raigne with more suretie and with more authoritie tooke to wyfe one of the daughters of Edvvarde the laste king but one of the house of Yorke by whiche coniunction of houses all the rightes and claymes of bothe the one and the other houses were absolutelye and lawfully transferred into the person of king Henry the eyghte borne of that maryage These houses for the enseignes and cognizanses that they bare were called commonly the Redde rose and the VVhite rose But touching the mouing of the king of Englande to make warres in Fraunce he was not so muche caryed by hope to winne the Realme of Fraunce by armes for that he was not ignoraunt of the innumerable difficulties that woulde contende agaynst him as he was importunatelye pushed on by the ambicious desire of the Cardinall of Yorke who layde this plotte that the long and tedious trauells and infinite necessities of the warre woulde in the ende bring his king to be the onely arbitrator and appoynter of the peace And knowing that the negociacion of it shoulde depende muche of his authoritie he thought in one time both to make his name great through all the worlde and also to enterteine hymselfe in the good grace and lyking of the French king to whom he showed secretly to beare some good inclinacion And therefore the king of Englande sought not to binde him selfe to those condicions whervnto it was necessarie he should be bound if he had had a forwarde minde to so great a warre Thus Themperour was stirred vp to the warre by that occasion but much more by a hope that through the fauour authoritie and popular opinion whiche the Duke of Burbon caryed in that kingdome the commons of the realme would draw to commotion And therfore notwithstanding he was aduised by many of his firme and assured friends that both for his want of money which brings no small impedimentes to enterprises and for the doubt of his confederates whose fidelitie was vncertayne he would giue ouer to beginne a warre so harde and intricate and consent that the Pope mighte treate vpon the surceasing of armes yet he capitulated with the king of Englande and Duke of Burbon in this sorte That the Duke should enter the Realme of Fraunce with that parte of th armie that was in Italie And assone as he should be ouer the Mountes the king of Englande to paye an hundred thousande duckets for the defraymentes of the first monthe of the warre That it should be in the election of the sayd king eyther to continue this contribucion from monthe to monthe or else to passe into Fraunce with a strong armie to make warre from the firste daye of Iulie vntill the ende of December And in that case the countreys of Flaunders to furnishe him of three thousande horse a thousande footmen and sufficient artilleries and municions That if the victorie fell to them there should be rendred to the Duke of Burbon all those landes which the Frenche king had taken from him That Prouence should be transferred to him to the which he already pretended by the resignacion that was made after the death of Charles the eight by the Duke of Lorreine to Anne Duchesse of Burbon That he shoulde holde it by the title of king of Prouence That first he should make an othe to the king of Englande as to the king of Fraunce and do him homage whiche if he did not perfourme then this capitulacion to bee voyde That the Duke of Burbon shoulde not treate nor practise nothing with the Frenche kinge withoute the consent of them bothe That thEmperour at the same tyme shoulde make warre on that syde towardes Spayne Lastely that thEmbassadours of thEmperour and the king of Englande shoulde procure the Potentates of Italie to bee concurrant with their money in this enterprise to th ende to be for euer assured agaynst the warre of the Frenche A matter whiche neuer sorted to effect for that the Pope did not onely refuse to contribute but blamed expresly thenterprise prophesying that not onely it would haue an yll successe in Fraunce but also it would be the cause to returne the warre agayne vpon Italie and that with a greater puissance and perill then before The Duke of Burbon refused constantlye to acknowledge the king of Englande for kinge of Fraunce And albeit after the confederacion was made he gaue counsayle to marche with the armie towardes Lyon to th ende to drawe neare hys owne landes and Countreys yet it was resolutely determined that he shoulde passe into Prouence both for that Themperour shoulde with more facilitie sende him succours out of Spayne and also to bee more apte to take the seruice and oportunitie of the armie by sea which was in preparing at Genes by the commaundement and with the money of Themperour The Marquis of Pisquairo was declared capteine generall for Themperour in this warre for that he coulde not be brought to obey the Duke of Burbon The plotte and proceedinges of this expedicion were that the Duke of Burbon and with him the Marquis shoulde passe to Nice and yet with forces farre lesse then such as were appoynted for that where to the forces they had already with them which was fiue hundred men at armes eyght hundred light horsemen foure thowsande footemen Spanyardes three thowsande Italyans and fiue thowsande launceknightes there shoulde haue bene ioyned three hundred men at armes of the armie in Italy and fiue thowsande other launceknightes these laste companies fayled to come for want of money And the Viceroy kept reteyned the men at armes for the garde of the contrey hauing no meane to wage newe companies of footemen according to the resolucion sette downe in the firste councells to th ende to make heade agaynst Michaell Angeo Marquis of Salusse who beeing departed from his estate kept vppon the Mounteines with a thowsande footemen There was added to this that thEmprours armye at sea one of their principall hopes beeing guyded by Don Hugo de Mocado A man of muche malice and wickednes of life and a creature of the Duke Valentynois appeared farre inferior to the nauie of the Frenche king which beeing parted from Marseilles was stayed in the port of Villefrancho Neuerthelesse thEmperours armye entred into Prouence where were Monsr de la Palissa Capteyne Fayetto Ranso de Cere and Pederyk Bossolo All Capteynes of the French kinge and were nowe withdrawen into townes for that they were not stronge enoughe to make heade in the fielde One parte of the armye drewe alonge the sea side and tooke the tower that commaundeth the port of Tovvlon where were taken two Canons that were drawen to the armye
Besides the towne of Aix whiche for his authoritie and for that the parlyament is there resident is one of the chiefe townes of Prouence was rendred whose example drewe with it many other townes of the contreye The Duke of Burbon in whome was no lesse emulacion then vallour desiered that from Aix the armye might marche further leauing the sea side Wherein he perswaded that seeking to passe the ryuer of Rhosne there might bee loste no tyme to enter deeper into the bodye and intralls of Fraunce whilest the kinges prouisions were yet but weake and not confirmed for by reason the kinge was consumed of treasor and money the men at armes of Fraunce had suffered muche and were very ill payed and also not expecting that his ennemies would passe out of Lombardye into Fraunce his forces and companyes of men of warre were falne into that disorder that they coulde not bee readdressed with suche speede Besides the kinge hauing no confidence in the vallour of the footemen of his owne kingdome was constrayned before he coulde marche into the fielde to tarye for the comming of certeyne footebandes of the Svvyzzers and launceknightes during which exspectacion as the Duke of Burbon thought he shoulde be able to doe some matter of importance in passing ouer Rhosne so the Marquis of Pisquairo with the other Spanishe Capteines were of an other aduise They desiered that bothe for the oportunitie of the sea and to satisfie thintencion of thEmprour Marseilles might bee conquered A hauen moste conuenient to vexe the Realme of Fraunce with sea armyes and also no lesse apt to passe in sauetye out of Spayne into Italie These Capteynes what by thauthoritye of their multitude and thefficacye of their reasons so preuayled agaynste the will of the Duke of Burbon that they pytched their campe before Marseilles wherein was newely entred Ranse de Cere with those bandes of footemen which had beene ledde into Fraunce from Alexandria and Loda They laye fortye dayes before Marseilles without dooinge anye exployte of marke or memorie And albeit they executed the walles in many places with their artilleries and not preuayling with batteries labored to worke their entrie by myning yet they founde obiected many difficulties and their great labors resisted bothe by the fortune and fortification of the towne they had contending agaynst their industrie the strength of the wall bearing an auncient forme and building The vallour of the defendants moste resolute in the quarrell of their libertie The disposicion of the people bearing greate deuocion to the name of the Frenche king and very hatefull to the glorye of the Spanyardes And lastely the hope of succours aswell by sea as lande for that the Frenche kinge was comen to Auignon A citye of the Popes standing vppon the riuer of Rhosne where he assembled with greate diligence A mightie armie Moreouer want of money beganne to fall vppon thEmprours Capteines and their hopes no lesse diminished that the Frenche king beeing inuaded in other places woulde bee letted to conuert to one onely part all his forces and prouisions for that the king of England notwithstanding he had sent to the Duke of Burbon Maister Richard Pase did both refuse to paye the hundred thowsande duckats for the seconde moneth And also made slender showes to moue warre in Piccardye No hauing receiued into Englande Iohn Ioachin de Spetio whome the Frenche king had sent to him and also the Cardinall of Yorke making straunge aunswers to thEmprours Embassadors he gaue the Duke greate occasion bothe to doubt and distrust him And touching Spaine and thexspectacion there the powers and forces did not aunswer the willes of men nor the promisses that were made The reason was for that the Courtes of Castillo so are called the congregacions of the Deputies assembled in the name of the whole kingdom had refused to ayde thEmprour with foure hundred thowsand duckats A contribucion which they are wont to make both in the great neede of their king and vppon any action of importance by which occasion there could no money be sent to the armie that was in Prouence much lesse any leauie of men made against the french king in the frontyers of Spaine other then very weake and not worthy to beare reckoning So that the imperiall Capteines bothe dispairing to sacke Marseilles and also fearing to ronne into some greater daunger when the king shoulde approche brake vppe their campe the same daye that the king sette from Auignon with his whole armie hauing also marching with him a regiment of six thowsand Svvizzers The same reasons that moued th imperiall Capteines to leauie their seege from before Marseilles caried them also to turne their faces towards Italy And as in men there is nothing more violent then the passion of feare whose mocions are swifter then the winges of the winde so in thimperialls was seene no lesse diligence to hasten into Italie then to breake vp their seege showing one care to preuent the perill that might fall vppon them if either all or parte of the French kinges armie should encownter them in the contry of thennemie And on the other side the king saw a faire occasion offered to recouer his Duchie of Millan what by the puissance of the armie he had leauied by the fidelitie of his Capteines by the plentie of his prouicions by thintelligence he had of the weakenes of his ennemies and lastly by his hope that taking the nearest waye he shoulde bringe his armie into Italye affore those that went from Marseilles In which estate and aduauntage of thinges he determined to ioyne industrie to the present oportunitie and to followe the benefit that fortune presented to him he imparted this resolucion with all the Capteines of th armie to whome he declared that as he had vowed in him selfe an irreuocable promise to passe in person into Italie so whoseuer woulde rise vp to councell him the contrarie muche lesse that he would graunt him audience seeing he would not forbeare to holde him in ill opinion and affection That therefore euerie one shoulde goe to his charge and shewe the same will to execute thenterprise which they had done to consult and to conclude it That God who was a louer of iustice and thinsolencie and rashnesse of thennemies had at last layed open a meane to reconquer that that had bene violentlie rauished from him against lawe equitie and reason That they had to doubt no more of the victorie then for his parte he distrusted their vallours for that God doth alwayes accompanie an innocent cause with a happie successe To these wordes was correspondent both his constancie in deliberacion and his celeritie in execucion for that he commaunded immediatlie his armie to marche wherein were two thowsande launces and twentie thowsande footemen He tooke a contrarie waye because he woulde not meete with the Ladie Regent his mother who was come from Auignion to debate with him not to passe the mountes in person but to performe the warre in Italie by
you reteyne in your hande is sufficient to aduaunce it And also if things be well negociated the kings mother for her affection to her sonne and for the necessitie to recouer his libertie wil neuer cast of her hopes to redeeme him of you by accord Besides the Princes of Italy will neuer enter vnitie with the gouernment of Fraunce knowing that it remayneth alwayes in your hand setting the kinge at libertie not onely to seperate him but also to turne him against them A matter which as for the time it wil keepe them in astonishment suspense so in the end it must needes come to passe that they must be the first to receiue lawes of you And then it can not be but an action full of glorye to vse towards them clemencie and magnanimitie euen when matters shall be reduced to that estate and degree as they can not chuse but acknowledge you for superior Such was the manner of dealing of Alexander and Casar who were forward aad liberall to pardon iniuries and not slow and inconsiderat to readdresse their estate of them selues A midd those difficulties and daungers which they had already surmounted he that doth so deserueth praise for that he doth an acte which hath very fewe examples but that man can not but beare notes of imprudency and indiscression who doth that which hath no law of example nor rule of time By these reasons I am bold to induce your maiestie to draw of your victorie as great a profit as you can and alwayes vsing towardes the king those offices and oblacions that apperteine to him either to sende for him into Spaine or at least to haue him conueyed to Naples And for aunswere of his letter sent to your maiestie it were good to returne to him some speciall man to visite him with wordes full of grace and hope and with all to propownd vnto him condicions of his deliuerance such as vpon more particular consultacion may be worthie recompenses and rewardes of so greate a victorie In this sorte your fundacions being layed and your thoughtes extended to these endes the time and the operacions and accidentes thereof will make either more quicke or more slowe the deliuerie of the king and will also beget occasions of peace or warre with thItalians whom for the present you may enterteine with good hopes So shall you with art and industrie augument the fauor and reputacion of armes and auoyding to tempt euerie day a new fortune we shall be prepared and readie to accord either with this Prince or with that common weale either with all together or with one in particular as occasions accidents shall induce vs These be the wayes which wise Princes haue alwayes followed and particularly those who haue left to you the fundacions of such a greatnes They were neuer curious to reiect occasions that made to raise them higher nor slow to push on the fauor of fortune when they saw her wel disposed To you belongeth the interest of their example as of right apperteineth vnto you that which in any of them might seeme to be ambicion Your maiestie must remember that you are a Prince and that it is one office in your calling to followe the trace of Princes Muche lesse that any reason either diuine or humane perswadeth you to leaue thoccasion to releue and readdresse thauthority of the Empire vsurped and defaced seeing all lawes of God and nations binde you by straite obligacion to arme your corage and intencions to recouer it rightfully occasions are precious if they be executed in the ripenesse of time but being foreslowed they turne to the preiudice of those that hoped in them Your maiestie must be gealous ouer them knowing how easely they are lost and with what difficultie they are recouered you must not be curious to make your profit of them nor doubtfull to aduaunce them when you see they draw with them a correspondencie of time of place and all other circumstances helping to your enterprises You are not to make your fundacion vpon the bountie or wisedome of those that bee vanquished seeing all mortall men draw with them their corruptions and the whole worlde is full of infirmitie and error dignities and greatnes are the effectes and rewards of vallour and where is a resolute minde to execute there neuer wanteth a good fortune to establishe and confirme Lastly seeing the estate of Christendom can not be defended by any other meane then by your greatnes it is a iust office in your maiestie to lay to your hande though not for the interest of your owne authoritie and glorie yet for the seruice of God and zeale of the vniuersall benefit This oration was hard with a wonderful fauor inclinacion of the whole coūcell in whom for the authority of the man and for the spirit and efficacie of his reasons might be discerned an vniuersall impression of ambicion almost to the whole Empire of Christendom There was not one amongest them who without replie did not confirme his opinion which thEmperour also approued though more for colour not to seeme to swarue from the councell of his frends then in disclosing what was the propertie of his inclinacion Monsr Beauruin by office his great Chamberlaine and by fauour verie gracious with him was dispatched both to imparte with the Capteines of the armie thEmprours deliberacion and also to visit in his name the French king and to propownd to him the condicions by the which he might obteine his deliuerance he tooke his way by lande for that the kinges mother had made free and open all passages for Messengers and corryers to come and goe to thEmprours Court for the more easie and safe negociacion of her sonnes affayres And so together with the Duke of Burbon the Viceroy he went to Pisqueton where the king remeyned as yet There he offered him his libertie but with so vnequall heauy condicions that the very hearing of them was intollerable to the king for besides the resigning of all his titles and rights which he pretended in Italy thEmprour demaunded to haue rendred vnto him the Duchie of Burgonguie as apperteyning to him in propper And to giue to the Duke of Burbon Prouence with all the dependencies thereof And he required besides aswell for him selfe as for the king of England other condicions of very great moment It seemed the vertue of the king had ouercome the aduersities of his imprisonment for to thEmprours demaundes he aunswered constantly that he had rather offer vp his life in prison then to depriue his children of any part of the Realme of Fraunce And though he should consent to a composicion so preiudiciall yet it was not in his power to execute it for that the auncient tradicions and constitucions of Fraunce did not suffer alienacion of any member or appertenancie to the crowne without the consent of the parliaments others in whose hands rested the authoritie of the whole kingdom and who in like cases had bene alwayes
wont to preferre the vniuersall sauetie of the mayne body of the Realme affore the particular interest of the persons of their kings That if they would demaund condicions which were in his power to performe they should finde him most ready to ioyne with thEmprour and to fauor his greatnes But such was his desire of libertie that here he ceassed not to offer condicions diuers making no difficulty to graunt large parts of other mens estates without promising any thing of his owne This was in effect the summe of the things he accorded he offered to take to wife thEmprours sister a late widowe by the death of the king of Portugall he made confession that he would hold Burgonguie as in dowrye and that it should apperteyne to the children yssuing of that mariage That he would restore to the Duke of Burbon the Duchie that had beene confisked from him enlarging it with some other estate That in recompense of thEmprours sister who had bene promised to the Duke the king would giue him in mariage his sister a late widowe by the deceasse of Monsr d'Alenson That he would satisfie the king of England with money and pay to thEmprour a great treasor for his raunsom That he would resigne vnto him his interests and rights in the kingdom of Naples and Duchie of Myllan That he woulde send to accompany him both with a nauie by sea and an armie by lande at such tyme as he would goe to Rome to take the crowne Imperiall which was as much as if he had promised to giue him in pray the whole Monarchie of Italy Beaurayn returned with these capitulacions to thEmprour to whom went with him also Monsr Montmorancy a personage then very agreeable to the king and afterwards great maister of Fraunce and at last by the kings liberalitie indued with the dignitie of high Constable of Fraunce But now let vs say some what of the sorowes feares of Fraunce After they were possessed of the newes of the ouerthrow of th armie taking of the king there ranne thorow the whole kingdome an vniuersall astonishment and confusion for besides the incredible sorow which thaccident of the kinges imprisonment brought to that nation naturally very deuout and louing to their kinges there appeared on all sides infinite mournings and heauines aswell publike as priuate Priuate men lamented and made their sorrowes aparte for that aswell of the Courte as of the Nobilitie there were very sewe who had not loste in the battell their children their brethren or other their parentes and friends of marke They wepte and coulde not be comforted because they iudged their sorrowe could not be greater then the qualitie of their losse And in the publike and generally body of the realme might be discerned nothing but an vniuersall face of desolation and dispayre euery one crying out of so great a diminution of the authoritie glory of so flourishing a realme A perplexitie so muche the more grieuous intollerable to them by howmuch naturally they are hawty and presuming of themselues In this estate of aduersitie they set before their eyes all that feare and dispayre coulde imagine They doubted least so great a calamitie were not the beginning of a further and subuersion They sawe their king prisoner and with him eyther taken or slaine in the battel the chieftayns of the kingdome which in the imagination of their sorowes they helde a losse irreparable They behelde their capteins discomforted and their souldiors discouraged A calamitie which stopped in them all hope to be readdressed or reassured They saw the realme made naked of money treasor and enuironed with most mighty enemies an affliction which most of all caryed their thoughts into the last cogitations of desperate ruine for the king of England notwithstanding he had holden many parleys and treaties and showed in many things a variation of mind yet not many daies before the battel he had cut off al the negociations which he had enterteined with the king had published that he would discend into Fraunce if the things of Italie tooke any good successe So that the frenchmen feared least in so great an oportunity thēprour he would not leauy warre agaynst Fraunce eyther for that there was no other head or gouernor then a woman and the litle children of the king of whom the eldest had not yet runne eyght yeres accomplished or els because thenemies had with thē the duke of Burbon for his owne particular a puissant prince and for his authority in the realme of Fraunce very popular strong in opinion a mighty instrument to stirre vp most dangerous emotions Besides the Lady Regent aswell for the loue she bare to the king as for the daungers of the realme was not without her passions both proper and particular for being full of ambition and most greedy of the gouernment she feared that if the kinges deliuery drewe any long tract of tyme or that any new difficultie happned in Fraunce she should be constrayned to yelde vp thadministration of the Crowne to suche as should be delegate and assigned by the voyces of the kingdome Neuertheles amid so many astonishmentes confusions she drew her spirites to her by her example were recōforted the nobles that were of counsell with her who taking speedy order to manne the frontiers of the realme and with diligence to leauy a good prouision of money The Lady Regent in whose name all expeditions dispatches went out wrote to themprour letters full of humilitie and compassion wherein she forgot not by degrees vehement and inducing to solicit a negociatiō of accord by vertue wherof hauing a litle after deliuered Don Hugo de Moncado she sent him to themprour to offer him that her sonne should renounce disclaime frō all rightes of the kingdome of Naples and thestate of Millan with contentment to refer to the censure arbitration of the law the titles rights of Burgondy which if it apperteined to thēprour he should acknowledge it for the dowry of his sister That he should render to Monsr Burbon his estate together with his moueables goods which were of great vallour and also the frutes reuenues which had bin leauied by the cōmissioners deputed out of the regal chamber That he should giue to him his sister in mariage deliuer vp to him Pronence if iudgemēt of the interest right were made of his side And for the more facilitie and speedy passage of this negociatiō rather then for any desire she had to nourish her inclination to the warre she dispatched immediatly Embassadours into Italie to recōmend to the Pope the Venetians the safetie of her sonne To whom she offred that if for their proper securitie they would contract with her and rayse armes agaynst themperour she would for her particular aduaunce fiue hundred launces together with a great contribution of money But amidde these trauells and astonishmentes the principall desire aswell of her as of the whole
Realme of Fraunce was to appease and assure the minde of the king of England iudging truely that if they could reduce him to amitie and reconcilement the Crowne of Fraunce should remayne without quarrell or molestation Where if he on the one side and themprour on the other should ryse in one ioynt force hauing concurrant with them the person of the duke of Burbon and many other oportunities and occasions it could not be but all things woulde be full of difficulties and daungers Of this the Lady Regent began to discerne many tokens and apparances of good hope for notwithstanding the king of Englande immediatly after the first reapportes of the victory had not only expressed great tokens of gladnes reioysing but also published that he would in person passe into Fraunce and withall had sent Embassadors to themprour to solicite treate of the mouing of warre ioyntly together yet proceding in deede with more mildnes then was exspected of so furious showes tokens he dispatched a messanger to the Lady Regent to sende to him an expresse Embassador which accordingly was accomplished that with fulnes of authority commission such as brought with it also all sortes of submissions implorations which she thought apt to reduce to appeasement the mind of that king so highly displeased he reapposed himself altogether vpon the will and counsel of the cardinal of Yorke who seemed to restrayne the king his thoughtes to this principall end that bearing such a hand vpon the controuersies quarrels that ranne betwene other princes al the world might acknowledge to depend vpon him and his authoritie the resolution and exspectation of all affayres And for this cause he offred to themperour at the same time to discend into Fraunce with a puissant army both to giue perfection to the alliance concluded betwene them before and also to remoue all scruple and ielousie he offred presently to consigne vnto him his daughter who was not as yet in an age and disposition able for mariage But in these matters were very great difficulties partly depending vpon himself and partly deriuing from themprour who nowe shewed nothing of that readines to contract with him which he had vsed before for the king of England demaunded almost al the rewards of the victory as Normandy Guyen Gascoign with the title of king of Fraunce And that themprour notwithstanding thinequality of the conditions should passe likewise into Fraunce and cōmunicate equally in thexspences dangers Thinequality of these demaūds troubled not a litle themprour to whō they were by so much the more grieuous by howmuch he remēbred that in the yeres next before he had always deferred to make warre euē in the greatest dangers of the french king So that he perswaded himselfe that he should not be able to make any fundation vpon that confederation And standing in a state no lesse impouerished for mony tresor thē made weary with labors perils he hoped to draw more cōmodities from the french king by the meane of peace then by the violence of armes warre specially ioyning with the king of England Besides he made not that accompt which he was wont to do of the mariage of his daughter both for her minority in age also for the dowry for the which he should stande accōptable for so much as themprour had receyued by way of loane of the king of England he semed by many tokens in nature to nourish a wonderful desire to haue children and by the necessitie of his condicion he was caried with great couetousnes of money vppon which two reasons he tooke a great desire to marye the sister of the house of Portugall which was both in an age hable for mariage and with whome he hoped to receyue a plentifull porcion in gold and treasor besides the liberalities of his own peoples offered by waye of beneuolence in case the mariage went forwarde suche was their desire to haue a Queene of the same nation and language and of hope to procreate children for these causes the negociacion became euery daye more hard and desperat betweene both those Princes wherein was also concurrant the ordinary inclinacion of the Cardinall of Yorke towardes the Frenche king together with the open complaintes he made of thEmprour aswell for thinterests and respects of his king as for the small reputacion thEmprour beganne to holde of him He considered that affore the battell of Pauya thEmprour neuer sent letters vnto him which were not written with his owne hande and subscribed your sonne and Cosin Charles But after the battell he vsed the seruice of Secretories in all the letters he wrote to him infixing nothing of his owne hande but the subscripcion not with titles of so greate reuerence and submission but onely with this bare worde Charles In this alteracion of affection of the Cardinall the king of England tooke occasion to receiue with gracious wordes and demonstracions thEmbassador sent by the Ladye regent to whome he gaue comfort to hope well in thinges to come And a litle afterwards estraunging his minde wholly from th affayres which were in negociacion betwene him and thEmprour he made a confederacion with the Lady regent contracting in the name of her sonne wherein he would haue inserted this expresse condicion that for the kings raunsom and deliuerie should not be deliuered to thEmprour any thing that at that time should be vnder the power or possession of the crowne of Fraunce This was the first hope which fell vppon the Realme of Fraunce And this was the first consolation in so many aduersities which afterwards went on increasing by the disorders of thImperialls in Italy They were become so insolent for so great a victorie that perswading them selues that all men and all difficulties should yeeld and giue place to their will their glory made them lose thoccasion to accorde with the Venetians and gaynesaye thinges which they had promised to the Pope and lastly brought them to fill full of suspicions both the Duchie of Myllan and all the other regions of Italy And so going on to sowe seedes of new innouacions and troubles they reduced thEmprour to this necessitie to make a rashe deliberacion daungerous for his estate in Italy if his auncient felicitie and the harde fortune and destinie of the Pope had not beene of greater force Matters assuredly moste worthy of a knowledge perticular to th end that of accidents and things so memorable may be vnderstanded the foundacions and councells which being oftentymes hid are for the most part reuealed and published after a manner most farre from the truth But skarcely had the Pope capitulated with the Viceroy when were presented vnto him the great offers of Fraunce to stirre him vppe to the warre wherein albeit he wanted not the perswasions of many to induce him to the same effecte and lesse diminucion of the distrust which he had before of thImperialls yet he determined to take suche a coursse and proceeding in all thinges
the difficulties which the Duke of Burbon had to pay his souldiours wherein rested not the least impedimentes to the good fortune and felicitie of the warre The wretched people of Millan were wonderfully trauelled for prouision of money In which necessitie or rather tyrannie Ierome Moron beeing condemned to death compounded the night before he should suffer to paye twenty thousande duckets for the whiche it seemed they had passed him to sentence of death But after the releefe of his purse had auoyded the daunger of his life vnder the same good meane his person was deliuered out of prison suche was the course of his desteny working instrumentally by the dexteritie of his spirite and witte that of a prisoner to the Duke of Burbon he became his councellor and within short time he went on by the operation of hys witte tyll he became almoste his onely gouernor and director Neuerthelesse amid all these variations and vexations the treatises of truce or peace were great betwene the Pope and the Viceroy though in good meaning the plottes and purposes of the Viceroy tended rather to make warre wherein he was set on both by thincitation of the Colonnois who had breathed into him a new life since he came to Caietto and also because he vnderstoode that the Pope no lesse abated in courage then naked in money founde nothing so sweete as the desire of peace Wherein both publishing to all the world his pouerty and his feare and in his confusion refusing to create Cardinalls for money according to the counsell that was giuen him the demonstrations he made of his owne weaknes gaue courage and hope to who so euer would offende him for as the Pope not entring into the warre with that constancie of minde that apperteined had sent to themprour a letter the xxvj of Iune conteyning matter bitter and full of complayntes that he droue him by necessitie to intende to the warre So also fearing afterwardes least by the sharpe phrases of that letter he might further incense themprour whom he so much feared he sent after an other expedition compounded of an humor more temperate and reformed charging his Nuncio to reteyne the first which neuertheles was deliuered for that it came first to his handes the other was presented afterwardes but themprour vnder one expedition aunswered them both seuerally according to the argument and nature of matter they conteyned Moreouer the Pope had readely harkned to the generall of grayfreers who going into Spayne at suche time as the warre began was charged by him to deliuer to themprour embassages milde and full of amitie And beeing eftsones returned to Rome by commission of themprour he brought many reapportes and informations touching his good intention and howe he would be content to come into Italy with a trayne of fiue thousande men and from thence after he had taken the Crowne of thempire he would passe into Germany to set downe some forme to the matters of Luther without speaking any thing of the Councell That he was also well inclined to accorde with the Venetians vnder reasonable conditions That he would referre the cause of Frauncis Sforce to the arbitration of two Iudges assigned by the Pope and him and in case he were condemned he would bestow that estate vpon the Duke of Burbon That he would reuoke his army out of Italy so farreforth as the Pope Venetians would pay three hundred thousande crownes to satisfie the wages of the army which notwithstanding he would labour to make contented with a summe more moderate That he would restore to the French king his children receyuing in counterchaunge two millions of golde at two or more tearmes He showed also that it would be easie to accorde with the king of Englande bothe for that the summe that was in question was not great and also the king had made offer of it And the better to debate and worke these matters the generall of grayfreers offred a truce for viij or x. moneths protesting that he had warrantes and commissions from themprour verye large and absolute wherein all power of negociation and conclusion was giuen to him to the Viceroy and to Don Hugo In regarde of which authoritie and good inclination of themprour the Pope after he had giuen audience to Pignaloso and had receyued aduertisement that the Viceroy was gone out of the porte of S. Stephen sent the Generall to Caietta to treate vpon these matters with him Whereunto he was the rather induced for that bothe the Venetians woulde not refuse the truce if the French king would consent who for his part was not farre estraunged from it and his mother had sent to Rome Lavvrence Tuskane declaring an inclination to peace wherein shoulde be a generall comprehension of all men And also for that he thought no practise to be sure without the will and concurrencie of the Duke of Burbon he sent to him in that behalfe one of his owne Amners that was at Rome whom the Duke returned eftsones to the Pope to solicite the same matter And yet neither to loase thoportunitie of the time nor to abandon the prouisions for the warre he sent Cardinall Augustin Triuulco as Legate to the army which was then in the field And continuing also his preparations to inuade the Realme of Naples Peter Nauarre ariued the third of December at Ciuitavecchia with a Nauy of xxviij gallies of the Popes the French and the Venetians At which time also Ranso de Cere being sent for the french king for thexpedition intended vpon Naples was ariued at Sauonna with a fleete of sayles quartered On the other side Askanio Colonno with a strength of two thousande footemen and three hundred horsemen came to Valbon fifteene miles from Tiboli where are the landes of the Abbot of Farfa and Iohn Iordan with these forces the twelfth of December he tooke Cepperano finding no resistance for that it was not garded Vitelly with the Popes companies reduced himself betwene Tiboly Palestime and Velletre Afterwardes the Colonnois tooke Pontecorue which was not garded and in vayne gaue assault to Scarpa which is a litle and weake place depending vpon the Abbey of Farfa Caesar Filettin approached by night to Alagnia with fiftene hundred footemen of which fiue hundred making their entrie secretly by the fauour of a house ioyning to the walles and by the practise of certen of the townesmen that receiued them were repulsed and driuen out agayne by Lyon de Fano commaunder of the footemen that were there In this meane while the generall of grayfreers returned from the Viceroy to the Pope to whom he related the Viceroyes inclination to consent to the truce for certayne monethes to th ende that in the meane while the peace might take course Only he stoode vpon demaundes of money and for suretie he required the Castells of Ostia and Ciuitavecchia But of the contrary to him tharchbishop of Capua aryuing at Caietta after he was departed and who happly had bene sent thither with
an yll counsel of the Pope wrote to him that the Viceroy reiecting all motions to truce was contented to make peace with the Pope onely or with the Pope and Venetians ioyntly so farreforth as they would make payment of money to thend to mainteine the army for assurance of the peace and afterwards to debate in the matter of the truce with the others An alteration mouing eyther by the variation or chaunge of the Viceroy or happly by the perswasions of tharchbishop as many suspected At which time Paule d'Arezze being come to themprours Court with authoritie from the Pope the Venetians and Frauncis Sforce whither also went by the motiō of the king of England for the negociation of peace the Auditor of the Chamber the rather for that before were come thither full commissions from the french king He found themprour wholy chaunged both in minde will taking the reason of his alteration vpon an aduertisement he had receiued of the army of the launceknightes and of his Nauy in Italy In so much as enforcing the fauor of that good aduauntage he fled from all the conditions that were set downe before and vrged vehemently that the French king should obserue absolutely thaccord of Madrill to haue the cause of Frauncis Sforce heard by law before Iudges assigned by himselfe Thus did both the will and intention of themprour vary according to the successe of affayres like as also his commissions which he sent to his Agentes in Italy bare alwayes by reason of the distance of the place eyther an expresse or silent condition to gouerne themselues according to the variation of times and occasions Therfore the Viceroy after he had many dayes abused the Pope with vayne practises and would not so muche as consent to a surceance of armes for a few daies till the negociation might soart to some issue brake vp from Naples the xx of December to goe into thestates of the Church In which wilfulnesse he offred many new and very straunge conditions of accorde But to returne to the laste daye of the yeare wherein the Launceknightes as we haue sayde passed the ryuer of Nure The same day also the Duke of Ferrara by the meane of his Embassador capitulated with the Viceroy and Don Hugo who had commission from themprour Neuertheles the capitulation was made with a very small liking of that Embassador for that he was almoste constrayned to consent by the threates and rude words of the Viceroy Tharticles of the capitulation were these That the duke of Ferrara should be bounde aswell in his person as in his estates to serue themprour agaynst all his enemies That he should be capteine generall for themprour in Italy with a company of an hundred men at armes and two hundred light horsemen onely he should assemble and leauy them at his owne charges and receyue agayne allowance in his accountes That he should presently receyue the towne of Carpy and the Castell of Nouy which had apperteined to Albert Pio for the dowry of themprours bastard daughter promised to his sonne onely the reuenues should be aunswered in account of the souldiors a compensation to be made vntill the consummation of the mariage And that Vespatian Colonno and the Marquis of Guast should disclayme and renounce the rightes which they pretended to them That he should pay the summe of two hundred thousand duckets when he had recouered Modena but out of that should be deducted that which he had giuen to the Viceroy since the battell of Pauia That if he did not recouer Modena all the summes of money which he had before disbursed should be eftsones repayed to him That themprour should be bound to his protection not to make peace without comprehending him and not without obteining for him of the Pope absolution of the paynes and censures which he had incurred euer since he was declared confederate to themprour And lastly that he should vse all his meanes and authoritie to the Pope to absolue him of all those penalties and transgressions which he had runne into before Thus in the ende of the yere a thousande fiue hundred and sixe twentie all things prepared and tended to a manyfest and open warre The ende of the seuenteenth Booke THE ARGVMENT OF THE EIGHTENTH BOOKE THe Duke of Burbonissueth out of Millan The Viceroy and Colonnois make vvarre agaynst the Pope in thestate of the Churche The Marquis of Salussa entreth vvithin Bolognia The Pope maketh vvarre in the kingdome of Naples The Duke of Burbon leadeth his armie to Rome taketh the tovvne and sacketh it and is slayne in the action The Pope beeing abandoned of all hope accordeth vvith thimperialls Amutinie in Florence The king of Englande is declared agaynst themprour The confederates do many enterprises THE EIGHTEENTH BOOKE OF THE historie and discourse of Guicciardin NOW ensueth the yeare of our Lorde a thousande fiue hundred and seuen and twenty A yeare prepared to many harde euentes and accidentes suche as for their crueltie were full of feare and daunger and for their straungenes had no example or experience with the worldes and ages before For in the predictions of this yeare was expressed an vniuersall face of troubles and confusion of mutation of estates of captiuitie of princes of desolation of Cities of dearth of vittelles and of a generall visitation of the plague yea through all the regions and climates of Italy there was no apparance nor contemplation of other thing then of blood death famine and fleeing A condition lamentable euen to forreiners and straungers that dyd but heare of it but moste intollerable to those miserable wretches vpon whose neckes the lawe of destenie had drawne so grieuous a yoke To these calamities there was no other thing that stayed the action of beginning and execution but the difficulties whiche the Duke of Burbon founde to make the regimentes of Spanishe footemen to departe out of Millan for where he had determined that Anthony de Leua shoulde abide there for the defence of the whole Duchie and reteyne with him all those bands of Launceknightes which were there before for whose enterteinmentes and payes were consumed bothe all the moneyes exacted at tymes vppon the Millannois and also suche other summes as were leauyed by the billes of exchaunge which the Duke of Burbon brought from Spayne And where he had also appoynted to remayne with the sayd Leua for the seruice of the Duchie a strength of twelue hundred footemen Spaniardes together with some bandes of Italian footemen vnder the leading of Lodovvike Belliense and other commaunders So likewise by their example all the other bandes and regimentes of souldiors for that they had in pray the houses the wyues and daughters of thinhabitantes of Millan were not discontented to liue still in that estate of licentious libertie But for that both for the necessitie of the present seruice and regarde of their proper honor and lastely for the awe and authoritie of the Duke of Burbon they
the castell S. Angelo The Pope was al this while in no smal thought to make prouision of money wherin imploring the ayde of other princes he receiued of new from the king of England a supply of thirty thousand duckets which the lord Russell his Chamberlaine brought to him And with him came Monsr de Rabandanges with ten thousande crownes sent to him by the french king vpon the benefit of the tenthes which the Pope had accorded to him by necessitie compulsion vnder this promise notwithstāding that besides the payments of the forty thousand crownes which he gaue to the league and twenty thousand which he contributed to the Pope for euery moneth he should presently minister to him thirty thousand duckets within a moneth thirty thousand more The king of Englande gaue commission also to the Lorde Russell to signifie to the Viceroy and the Duke of Burbon a surseance of armes to th end to giue sufferance and tyme to treate a peace the practise and negociation whereof according to themprours will was holden in Englande And if the Viceroy would not condiscend to it then to denounce agaynst him warre It seemed by this readynes and many other apparances that the king of Englande vnder a desire to marry his daughter with the Frenche king was well inclined to the confederates and fauoured their cause And in that good inclination he promised that assoone as the mariage were established to enter into the league and beginne the warre in Flaunders It seemed also he was particularly disposed to do pleasure to the Pope But there could be no great exspectation of ready remedies from a prince who both measured not well the present conditions of Italy nor stoode firme and resolute in his purposes beeing styll labored and retyred by the hope which themprour gaue him to commit to him the working and arbitration of the peace notwithstanding theffectes were in nothing correspondant to the semblances and showes he made for when the Auditor of the Chamber was with him for that matter albeit themprour did what he could to perswade him in many sortes that such was his intention yet for that he exspected some euentes from Italy since the discending of the launceknightes and the aryuall of his Nauy at sea wherof he had receiued some aduertisement he forbare to giue him an aunswere assured and certayne taking his excuse vppon the warrantes and commissions of the confederates as though they were not sufficient But thaccorde whiche the Pope solicited continually with the Viceroy hurt him not a little with the Confederates both for that they stoode alwayes in feare least he woulde resolue and compound with him And also the French king and the Venetians made this iudgement that all the exspences and defraymentes whiche they should make to support him would be almost vnprofitable This iudgement and suspicion tooke encreasing by certayne degrees of vehement feares whiche were discerned in him together with the lamentable protestations he made dayly that he was no more hable to susteine the warre Wherein agaynst hys ordinarye meane and remedy in that case he opposed wilfully his naturall obstinacy would not make Cardinalls for money nor releeue himselfe in so great necessities amid so many daungers of the Church with those meanes which other Popes had wont to vse yea euen in thatchieuing of their vniust and ambicious enterprises In which regarde the French king and the Venetians to be the better prepared and ready in all accidents were eftsones particularly bound to make no accord with themprour the one without the other And the French king for that cause and for the great hope which the king of Englande gaue to rayse together with him in case the mariage went forwarde great emotions in the spring following became more negligent and lesse carefull of the daungers of Italy In this time the Viceroy who solicited an inuasion vpon the Churche states dispatched a regiment of two thousande Spanish footemen to assault a small Castell of Stephen Colonno where the vallour of the defendantes made that enterprise in vayne And because the Viceroy came on and aduaunced thecclesiastikes referred to an other time to execute the resolution taken to batter the Popes rocke the garrisons of which place had surprised the Castell Gandolffo but weakly manned and at that tyme holden by the Cardinall de Monte At last the Viceroy after he had assembled into one strength twelue thousande footemen all bodyes commaunded and trayned sauing the Spaniards and Launceknights that were come with him by sea encamped with his whole armie the xxix of Ianuary before Frusolone a towne weake and without walles sauing that the howses of some particulars serue as a wall and within the which the capteines of the Church had bestowed garrison because they would leaue him no footing nor entrie into Campagnia to the weaknes of this place was ioyned a great necessitie and want of vittells and yet the situation of the towne standing vpon a hill giueth alwayes to the inhabitantes good meane and oportunitie to saue them selues of one side for that it beareth a certaine benesite of reskew and backing A matter which gaue a great resolution to the garrison within to defende it besides that they were of the best choyse of Italians whiche at that time tooke paye Moreouer the height of the mountayne was no litle impediment to thenemies to do any action vpon their artilleries of which they had planted three demy Cannons and foure Coluerines Onely the greatest care of thenemies was to stoppe as muche as they could the entry of vittells into the towne On the other side the Pope who albeit was muche impouerished for money and was more apt to suffer indignitie to desire others to releeue him then to furnishe himselfe by meanes extraordinary encreased his campe as muche as he could with bandes of footemen payed and trayned And in that incertentie of minde and dealing he had newly taken into his paye Horacio Baillon without keeping memorie or obseruation of the iniuries which he had done before to his father and afterwardes to him whom he had of long holden prisoner within the Castell of S. Angelo as a troubler of the quiet of Perousa With these supplies of souldiours his armie went on alwayes drawing neare to Ferentin to make there his generall moosters and to giue hope of succours to those that were besieged The batterye of Frusolona was reduced to perfection the xxiiij day but because it was not suche as to giue hope to cary the place there was no assault performed Onely capteine Alarcon trauelling about the walles was hurt with the blowe of a harquebuse and likewise Maria Vrsin was wounded One of the principall grounds and hopes of the Viceroy was that he was not ignorant that the souldiors within suffred great scarcitie of vittells as also the armie that moostred at Ferentin was in the same extremitie for the souldiours of the Colonnois whiche laye within Palicina Montfortin and the Popes Rocke the
at Rome Maxymylian Sforce restored to Myllan ThEnglish men as Fontarabye against the french king The king of Aragon taketh the Realme of Nauarre The purposes of Pope Iulio the second his death Creation of Pope Leo the tenth Coronation of the Pope Disposition of princes to the vvarre Desire of pope Leo to chase the Frenche out of Italy The Fr. men in the duchie of Millan The Pope sendeth money to the Svvizzers 〈…〉 Aluiano 〈…〉 generall â—â— the Venetians Aluiano taketh Pesquiero and other 〈…〉 Genes at the deuotion of the French. Nouaro beseged by the french The wordes of Capteine Motyn to the Svvyzzers The Frenchemen defeated by the Svvizzers The Pâ—pe 〈…〉 Humilitie of two Cardinals Padoa 〈…〉 gâ—d by the Viceroy Ouerthrowe of the Venetians armie Prouisions of the Frenche agaynst the king of Englande Torvvaine besieged by the English. The ouerthrow â—f the French neare 〈…〉 Rising of the Swizzers against the French king Thenglish as mie affore Tournay Tornay taken by thEnglish The Popes sentence touching the controuersies betwene Cesar the VenetiaÌ„s The hopes of the Frenche king Treatie of peace betwene Englande and Fraunce The Fr. king marieth the Lady Mary sister to the king of Englande Actions of the Pope The lantern of Genes rased by the people Emocions against the Venetians and of the Venetians Two ElephaÌ„ts presented to the Pope The death of king Lowys the twelfth 1515. Frauncis the first comes to the crowne The fr. king assumeth the title of duke of Millan Preparacions of the frenche king against the Duke of Millan Octauian Fregosa Duke of Genes â—â—mpoundes with the Frenche king The Swizzers seeke to stoppe the passage of the Frenche men The French armie The king of EnglaÌ„d sends to the frenche king not to passe into Italie The treatie betwene the king and the Swizzers broken The Cardinal of Syon persâ—adeth the Swizzers The battell of Marignan Pe. Nauarre afore the Castell of MillaÌ„ Death of Aluiano Enteruiew of Pope Leo the fr. king in Bolognia 1516. The french king returneth into Fraunce Death of the king Catholike Death of the Great Capteine The Venetians recouer Bressia The Pope taketh the Duchie of Vrbin giueth it to Laur â–ª de Medicis his nephew Capitulations betwene the French king and king Catholike Beginningâ— of new 〈…〉 Vrbin returneth to the obedience of the naturall Duke Fano besieged Description of the Citie of Pesero Consederacion betwene the Pope and fr. king Franciscomaria sendes to defie law de Medicis Scituacion of Fossambrono Lawrence loaseth thoccasioÌ„ of the victory Lawrence de Medicis hurt Ielousie against Iohn Ia. Tryuulce The death of Ioh. Ia. Triuulce The french aspireth to be Emperour 1519 Death of Lavv. de Medicis Charles the fife chesen Emperour Occasions of contention betwene the fr. king and themperor The Popes enterprise vppon Ferrara 1520. Martin Luther agaynst the Pope The Pope executeth Io. Paule Baillon ThEmprour in England Commocions in Spaine Pope Leo is the cause of the warre Fontarabye taken by the french Martin Luther Confederation betwene the Pope and thEmperour agaynst the fr. king The titles of thempire to the duchie of Millan Practises against the fr. king FrauÌ„cis Guicciardin the writer of this history Monsr d'Escud before Reggia Lightning vpon the castell of Millan The Marquis of Mantua for the Pope The resolucioÌ„ for the warre agaynst the Frenchmen Monsr de Lawtrech returneth to Millan Frauncis Guicciardin generall coÌ„maunder ouer the army The capteines of the league take counsell together The siege of Parma The Popes Capteines and the Emprours take councell to passe further The armie of the league passeth the riuer of Paw A fault of Monsr de Lavvtrech The Svvizzers leauied by the Pope vvoulde not march against the Frenche king The souldiers of the league passe the riuer of Adda The taking of Myllan by the league The death of Pope Leo the tenth The Frenche men before Parma The duke of Vrbin reentreth his estates Election of Pope Adrian the sixt The D. of Vrbin and the Baillons before Sienna Alexandria taken by the Imperialls Ten thowsand Swizzers discend into the Duchie of Millan for the fr. king Iohn Medicis for the french king The French men before Millan Frauncis Sforce at Millan Monsr Lawtrech before Pauia The Swvizzers woulde leaue the sr armie for that they are not payde Monsr Lawtrech determined to set vppon his enemies Thencounter of Bicocque The ouerthrow of the Swizzers Monsr Lawtrech returneth into Fraunce Loda taken by the Imperialls Genes taken by the Imperialls Monsr d'Escud returneth into Fraunce Emotions in Tuskane An accident in the towne of Lucquai The prouinces of â—â—alâ—e are taxed for the conseruation of the duchie of Millan Pope Adrian the vi coÌ„meth to Rome The king of England for thEmprour sendeth Embassadors to the Venetians to draw them from thalliaÌ„ce of the french VVhat thEmprour did in Spaine Roades taken Rhodes rendred vp to the Turke The Castell of Millan rendred by the French. The oracion of Andrevv Gritti touching thalliance vvith Caesar The oratioÌ„ of George Cornaro Andrea Gritty Duke of Venice Consederacion betwene Caesar and the Venetians Cardinall Volterro prisoner The French armie marcheth Confederacie betwene theÌ„prour the k. of England and the Duke of Burbon The french army in Italy The death of Pope Adrian Frauncis Guicciardin The taking of Reggia by the duke of Ferrara The taking of Loda by the French. The frenchmen breake vp from before Millan Cardinal Medicis is created Pope and taketh the name of Clement the seuenth The death of Prospero Colonno and his qualities The Duke of Burbon notable to doe any thing in Burgondie commeth to Myllan The imperials passe the riuer of Thesin The frenchmen go from before Millan The claime of the Kings of England to the Crowne of Fraunce The frenche king determineth to passe the mountes and to follow the ennemie The French king before Pauia The fr. king sendeth the Duke of Albanie into the realme of Naples The Pope counsellâ—th the fr. king and themperour to peace Duke of Ferrara aydes the French king during the siege of Pauia 1525. The defendantes of Pauya in necessitie The french king will â—â—t 〈…〉 the 〈…〉 of his Captemes The Imperialls take the castell S. Angeo Thimperialls drawe neare to Pauia The battell of Pauia wherin the frâ—king is take prisoner The Potentats of Italy in great feare for the imprisonment of the French king The VenetiaÌ„s solicite the Pope to confederate with them Thimperialls determine to accorde with the Pope Confederation betweene the Pope and the Emprour The rightes pretensions of the familie of Est The Pope sendes to visite the french king beeing prisoner The moderation and temperance of thâ— Emprour â—poÌ„ the neâ—es of the victory The Oration of the Bishop of Osimo touching the taking of the fr. king The opinion of the duke of Alba touching the kings imprisonment The sorowes and feares of Fraunce for the imprisonment of the king A treatise of of accord
betwene the Viceroy and the Venetians The person of the frenche king led prisoner into Spaine Occasions giuen to themperour of new emotions Conspiracy agaynst the Emprour Capitulations betwene the confederates agaynst the Emprour The 〈…〉 ing 〈…〉 s 〈…〉 in the cas 〈…〉 of Madrill The Lady Alanson treateth with theÌ„prour for the kinges deliuery Cardinall Saluiatio the Popes Legate in the Court of themprour Ierome MoroÌ„ prisoner The Duke of Burbon in Spaine The death of the Marquis of Pisquairo Deuises of Princes against the power of thEmprour Qualities of Pope Leo and Clement Pope Clement the 〈…〉 makes a lâ—agee agaynst themprour ThEmperour maried to the daughter of Portugall Oration of the Chauncellor Oration of the Viceroy The treaty of Madrill touching the deliuery of the fr. king The fr. king marieth themprours sister Themprour vvriteth to the Pope touching the fr. kings deliuery The maner of the deliuery of the french king The fr. king complaineth vppon thEmprour The inhabitants of Myllan rise vp against the imperialls Themprour ill contented The Pope the fr. king and Venetians make league together Loda surprised by the Venetians The armie of the lâ—â—gue before Millan The army of the league broken vp from before Myllan Katherine de Medicis The Pope in great astonishment The inhabitants of Millan ill handled by the Spanyards The inhabitantes of Millan implore the compassion of the Duke of Burbon The armye of the league come before Millan the second time The Castell of Millan rendred to thimperialls Soliman Ottoman in Hungria The Pope moueth the confederates to inuade the realme of Naples Prouisions of the Emprour against the confederats Cremona rendred to the confederats Capitulacion betwene the Colonnois and the Pope to deceiue him King of Hungrie ouerthrowen in battell by Solyman Truce betwene the Pope and thEmperour Cremona giueÌ„ by the confederates to Fr. Sforce The league signified to the emprour Deliberation of the duke of Vrbin Catherine de Medicis Duke of Vrbin goeth agaynst the launce knights of George Fronsp Death of Iohn de Medicis Encounter of the Nauye of thempror with the fleete of the confederates The prince of Orenge vvith the Launceknights Ierom Moron out of prison Capitulations betwene theÌ„prour duke of Ferrara 1427. The duke of Burbon goeth out of Millan and leaueth there Antho. de Leua The duke of Ferrara perswadeth the duke of Burbon Continuation of the warre begon in thestate ecclesiastike Caesar Fieremosquo sent by themprour to the Pope The confederates resolue to inuade Naples Monsr Vaudemont the Popes lieftenant Exploytes of the Nauy of the confederates Katherine de Medicis Count Caiazzo goeth from thimperialls to the pay of thEcclesiastikes The Duke of Ferrata couÌ„celleth the Duke of Burbon to goe to Rome The Pope loaseth corage and why The Pope accerdeth with thImperialls Tumult in Florence The Pope compelled to harken to the warre The duke of Burbon draweth his army directly to Rome The Duke of Burbon slayne at the assault of Rome Rome taken and sacked The Pope being abaÌ„doned of all hopes compoundeth with the Imperialls Plague in Rome Confederacion betwene the French king and the king of England Monsr Lawtrech Capteine generall of the league The Cardinal of Yorke in Fraunce Awicked act Genoway returneth to thobedience of the French king Alexandria taken The sacke of Pauya Demaundes which the Emperour made to the armie of the confederats if thaccord went on The Duke of Ferrara entreth into the league Accorde betâ—eene the Pope and themprours Agents The Pope goeth out of prison The Pope thanketh Monsr Lavvtrech for his deliuerie 1528. VVarre denounced agaynst themprour by the kings of Englande and Fraunce The lie giuen by the french king to themprour For what occasioÌ„ the king of EnglaÌ„d refused his wife the Lady Katherine of Aragon Lawtrech entring into the Realme of Naples Andre Dore retyreth from Genes Peter Nauare taleth Aquila The Imperial army yssueth out of Rome The contents of Monsr 〈…〉 treches army Monsr S. Pol appoynted to the warres of Italy Miserable condition of the citie of Millan The Frenche befiâ—gâ— Napler Resolution of thImperialls within Naples Fight at sea betweene the Imperials and French. Death of the Viceroy Dâ— Hugo Monkado Disc 〈…〉 dities aswel of the imperials as the French during the siege of Naples Obstinacie of Monsr Lavvtrech The affaires of the French men begin to decline Antho. de Leua recouereth Pauia Duke of Br 〈…〉 dswyke in Italie for the Emperour Loda besieged by thimperialls The bandes of LauÌ„ceknights vnder Brundswike do mutine The Popes excuses to the confederats The Popes inâ—â—â—ion touching â—lâ—rice Cardinall CaÌ„peius Legaâ— in England Andre Dore leaueth the paye of the French. Couenantes betwene themprour and Andre dore Many difficulties in the â—â—â—army Death of Monsr Lawtrech Capitulations of the Marquis of Salussa with the Imperialls The proceedings of MoÌ„sr Saint Pol in Lombardy The taking of Genoway by Andre Dore New gouernment established in Ge 〈…〉 ay Mont Ian misseth to surprise Andre Dore. Execucions at Naples Proceedings of Monsr Saint Polin Lombardy Deuises of the Pope â—â— restore his house in Florence Cause of the ruine of the Cardinal of Yorke All the Princes harken to peace Monsr Saint Pol prisoner to Antho. dâ— Leua The Pope at accord with thEmprour Peace betwen thEmprour French king negociated in Cambray Themprour sendeth to the P. of Orenge to inuade the states of the Florentins Themprour at Genes vvhither the princes of Italy send embassadours to him The Pope maketh offers to Malatesâ—a The Pope the Emperour as Bolognia Capitulacions betwene the Emprour the Venetians duke of Millan Myllan rendred by themprour to FrauÌ„cis Sforce Lastra taken Camisado Themprour taketh the Crowne at Bolognia Empoly sackt by the Marquis of Guast The Florentins out of hope to be succoured by the fr. king The prince of Orenge slaine The issue of the vvarre of Florence The flaâ—e of the Ciâ—ie of Florence after the siege Ferdinand elected king of Romaines The French king and king of England ill disposed to the Emprour The French king inciâ—â—â—â— the Turke against thEmprour The Pope holdeth him selfe offended with the Empr 〈…〉 The Turke returneth with shame to Constantinople Enteruiew of the king of England and French king A second enteruiew of the Pope and Emprour aâ— Bolognia Katherine de Medicis A league for the defense of Italy The Pope wil not â—arken to â— councell The Pope refuseth to giue his Neece in mariage to the Duke of Myllan Enteruiew of the Pope and fr. king at Marseilles Katherine de Medicis maried to the second sonne of Fraunce The Pope knoweth his end Barberossa aâ— Thunis Death of pope Clement the vij Creation of Pope Paule the thirde A TABLE OF THE MOST PRINCIPALL AND GENERALL MATTERS CONTEYNED in the historie digested according to the order Alphabit A ASensible and apparant token of the ruyne of Princes when they esteme themselues more then they are and make their enemies lesse then they find them 21. A good
proppertie of wisedom in parents to finde out the disposition of their children 52. A thing very daūgerous for men to gouerne by examples if there be not c. 52. A resolut part of a Councellor 59. All things earthly are subiect to their seasons of reuolucion and in mortal felicities can be no assurance nor perpetuity 88 Armes do litle aduaunce where policy is not concurrant and victorie bringeth a very short glory where the gouernment is vnperfect 88. Attēpt vpon the towne of Nouaro 96. Army of the confederats 99. Alfonso king of Aragon dyeth 115. A voyce mistaken defeateth an enterprise 135. An errour familiar with Princes ambicious to measure the euēt of things more by c. 189. Aluiano taketh Bybienna 201. After the seedes of aduersitie be sowen there is no longe exspectacion for the frutes c. 229. A weake surety whose fundatiō is builded vpon the blood of innocents a lamentable example to purge surmised suspicion by vnlawful murder 255. All violent attemptes being set foorth without councell at the beginning seeme mightie but c. 265. Accord betwene the frenche king and the Florentins 265. Aretza rebelleth against the Florentins in fauor of Peter de Medicis 267. Amongst vertuous men reconciliacion hath this propertie to knitte with greater suretie of faith constancy the harts that haue liued in seperacion 280. Anthony de Leua 287. Ambicion hath infinite operacions in this it abuseth the imaginations of men that c. 304. Aluiano being sent to succour Friull giueth the ouerthrow to thAlmains 399. Aluiano taken prisoner 422. Ambicion is a busie humor for that in whom it ruleth it maketh thē hard to be contented with thinges which they haue c. 476. An accidēt which made the Cardinals depart from Pisa 555. Army of the confederats 578. Actions of the Pope 676. Army of the league passeth the riuer of Paw 802. Alexandria taken by thimperialls 825. Army of the league before Millan 989 Army of the league come before Millan the second time 1002. A wicked act 1076. Alexandria taken 1078. Accord betwene the Pope themperours Agents 1085. Anthony de Leua recouereth Pauia 1110 Andrewe Dore leaueth the pay of the french 1117. B Beginning of the warre 36. Beginning of the warres of Pisa 72. Battell of Taro. 102. Beginning of warres in Naples vnder king Lewys the xij 267. Bart. Aluiano commeth to the succors of Consaluo 323. Bressia taken and sacked 574. Bressia rendered by the frenche to the Viceroy 619. Bishop of Gurcy at Rome 620. Bart. Aluiano Capteine generall of the Venetians 641. Bart. Aluiano taketh Pesquiero and other places 641. Battell of Marignan 703. Beginnings of new troubles 729. Battell of Pauya wherein the Frenche king is taken prisoner 902. Barbarousse at Thunis 1183. C Creacion of Pope Alexander 4. Corrupcion of Cardinals in thelection of the Pope Ibid. Confederacion betwene the Pope the Venetians and Duke of Myllan 11. Confederacion betweene the kinge of Fraunce and Lod. Sforce 19. Confederacion betwene the Pope and Alfonso king of Naples 28. Coniectures against the suttleties of Lod. Sforce 39. Cardinall S. Petri ad vincla giues a new life to the expedicion of Naples 41. The Collonnoys for the French k. 46. Cardinal S. P. ad vincla perswadeth the Pysans not to reuolt 56. Capitulacions betweene the French k. and the Florentyns 59. Capitulacions betweene the Pope and French king 63. Cardinal Valence the Popes sonne 64. Complaintes of the Pysans before the French king 74. Confederat league against the French king 87. Citie of Naples riseth to let in Ferdinand 112. Capitulacions betweene the Frenche king and the Florentyns 118. Couenants betwene Ferdinand king of Naples and the Venetians 146. Camylla Vrsin slayne 154. Consaluo surpriseth the French. 156. Caesar sendeth Embassadors to Florence 164. Caesar is comen to Pisa 167. Caesar marcheth to Lyuorna Ibid. Caesar leauieth his campe from Lyuorna 168. Caesar excuseth his suddeine departure 168. Caesar stealeth in hast into Germany 169. Capitulacions betweene the Pope and the Vrsins 172. Consaluo entreth Rome Ibid. Cardinal Valēce killeth his brother the d. of Cādia being both the Popes sōns 179 Castell of Genes rendred to the Duke of Myllan 181. Cardinall of Valence the Popes sonne renownceth his profession 203. Cardinal of Valence made Duke of Valentynois 204. Councell of Melchior Treuisan 209. Conclusion of the league betwene the French king and Venice 213. Count Caiezza leaueth the Duke of Millan 226. Cardinall Askanius leaueth Myllan abandoned 242. Cardinal Askanius betraied takē Ibid Cardinall Askanius deliuered ouer to the French men Ibid. Councell of S. Gregorie against ambicion 249. The chaunces in warre are diuerse and haue in them many hiddē fortunes which neither the wisedom of c. 253. Capitulacions betwene the D. Valentynois and Florentyns 256. Computacion of the French army 257 Consaluo retyreth to Barletto 274. Confederaciō against Valentynois 278 Capitulacions betwene the Vrsins and D. Valentynois 280. Cardinall Vrsin made prisoner 283. Combat betwene twelue French men against twelue Italyans 289. Consaluo in Naples 297. Castells of Naples takē by the spanish 300. Cardinall Amboise aspyreth to the Popedom 311. Cardinal S. Petri ad vincla made Pope 314. Complaints of the French. 331. Consaluo deserueth the title of greate Capteine 324. Confederaciō betwene the Pope king of Romains and the French king against the Venetians 338. Consaluo aydeth the Florentyns 346. Capitulacions betwene Ferdinand and Phillip 355. The condicion of imperie and dignitie is ielous 356. Continuance of the historye of Iulio d'Este 364. Citie of Genes rebelleth 365. Contents of the French army 372. Continuaciō of the warres of Pisa 412. Contract betweene the French kinge king of Spaine and the Florentyns 413. Conuencion betweene Caesar and the French king 477. Chaumont beseegeth the Pope within Bolognia 496. Chaumont retyreth from before Bolognia 499. Contencion betwene the Florentins rebellious Cardinalls 553. Coūcel of Pisa trāsferred to Millā 555. Confederats at the succors of Rauenna 582. The Confederats army 585. Cardinalls councel the Pope to harken to peace 590. Cardinal de Medicis escapeth from the French. 600. Conquest draweth with it ambiciō insolencie and couetousnes with c. 605 Castell of Genes taken by the Genowaies 619. Creacion of Pope Leo the tenth 633. Coronacion of the Pope 634. Capteine Martines words to the Swizzers 644. Cardinal of Syō perswadeth the Swizzers in an oracion 700. Capitulacions betweene the Frenche king and king Catholike 725. Confederacion betwene the Pope and French king 735. Charles the v. chosen Emprour 768. Commocions in Spayne 775. Confederacion betwene the Pope and thEmprour against the French king 781. Capteines of the league take councell together 790. Castel of Myllan rendred by the french 842. Cardinall Voltero prisoner 852. Confederacion betwene the emprour the king of England the Duke of Burbon 855. Cardinall Medicis is created Pope and taketh the name of Clement the vij 866. Claime of the kings of England to
speede euill 110. Ferdinand to reconquer his kingdom of Naples Ibid. French pockes their beginning 128. Factions breede insurrections 135. French nauy ariue at Caietta 147. French king maketh a posting pilgrimage to Towers and Saint Dennys 149. French king determineth to send Tryuulce into Italy as his Lieuetenant 150. The french begin to decline in Naples 154. The french send to capitulat with Ferdinand 157. Ferdinand dyeth 158. Federyk made k. of Naples 159. Florentyns haue small hope to be succored by the fr. king 165. Florentyns send aūswer to thEmprour 165. Frenche kinge maketh peace with his neighbours 204. French king requireth Pisa in trust 205 French king discendeth into Italy 224. French men take diuers peeces in the Duchie of Millan Ibid. Florentyns put Pawle Vitelly to death 233. French king being at Myllan compoūdeth with the most part of the Potentats of Italy 234. French kinge returneth into Fraunce hauing first set order in the Duchie of Millan 237. French men abandon Myllan 239. French men affraid to assalt Pisa 247. French k. sendeth aide to the Pope 249 Faenza yelded to the Duke 253. French king commaundeth the D. Valentynois to depart from the landes of the Florentyns 256. Federik in mind to cōmit him self to the honor clemency of the french king 261 French and Spanyards do disagree vppon the deuiding of Naples 266. Florentyns haue recourse to the french king 269. French king in Ast 273. Fortune hath a free will to come goe when she listeth c. 287. Florentyns in the contry of Pysa 303. Frenche kinge prepareth mightely against the king of Spayne 306. Frauncis Piccolominy made Pope 312 Faenza taken by the Venetians 318. Florentyns broken by the Pysans 347. Florentins debate whether they should beseege Pisa 348. Florentyns army before Pisa 350. First defeating of the Genowaies 372. French kinge entreth as a Conqueror into Genes 373. French king prepareth against the Venetians 414. French army returneth to the Duchie of Myllan 532. French king taketh Bolognia into his protection 533. French king demaundeth succours of the Florentyns 561. Frēchmē defeated by the Swizzers 646 French king marieth the Ladye Mary sister to the king of England 676. Frauncis the first cōmeth to the crown of Fraunce 685. Frenche king assumeth vppon him the title of Duke of Myllan 685. French army 691. French king returneth to Fraunce 713 Fano beseeged 733. Francisco Maria sendeth to defie law de Medicis 736. French k. aspireth to be Emprour 762. Fontaraby taken by the french 780. Frauncis Guicciardin generall of the army 789. Fault of Monsr de Lawtrech 805. French men before Parma 814. French men before Myllan 827. Frenchmē breake vp before Myllā 864 French king before Pauya 884. French k. sendeth the D. of Albanie into Naples 887. French king will not followe the councell of his Captaines 897. Frēch k. marieth themprours sister 963 French king complaineth vpon thEmprour 968. French men beseege Naples 1102. Feight at sea betwene thImperials and the french 1105. Ferdinand elected k. of Romanes 1171 French king and the king of England ill disposed to thEmprour 1173. French king inciteth the Turke against thEmprour Ibid. G Good estate of Italy before the troubles 2. Greate men doe seldome holde it any breache of iustice to be reuenged of him that doth the first iniurie 20. Gilbert Burbon Duke of Montpensier the kings Lieuetenant in Naples 91. Great cruelties of the french men 260. The great Capteine confirmed in the Duchie of S. Angeo 363. Genowaies send to solicit for pardon 372. Gentlemen of Venice goe to the succour of Padoa 444. Greate is the force of a multitude and people beginning to vary and chaunge so much the more c. 596. Genes at the deuocion of the Frenche king 642. Genes taken by thImperialls 833. Genes returneth to the obedience of the fr. king 1077. Genes taken by Andre Dore. 1125. H Howe and when great shot came first into Italy 45. Horrible act of a Cardinall 352. Hope rather prolongeth then satisfieth c. 490 Humilitie of two Cardinalls 650. I Intencion of the Author 1. Impudency of the Pope to iustifie his children 10. Iohn Iacques Tryuulce goeth to the french king 67. Ieronimo Sauonarola esteemed for a Propher in Florence 82. Ieronimo Sauonarola a Freare Preacher in Florence 97. In warres there is no further assurance of the souldier mercenary then he findeth sewertie of his pay c. 155. Intelligence factiō which Pe. de Medicis had in Florence is discouered 180. In matters of enterprise wise men will debate all things at large c. 205. In matters of daunger discression and councel are remedies no lesse assured then courage and discression c. 〈…〉 215. Insatiable lust of Duke Valētynois 260. In all humane actions there is nothing which with lesse perill may not temporise and exspect then rebellion c. 268. In matters of warre it is a daungerous errour to transgresse direction c. 279. Imaginations of the french king 356. In matters of enterprise nothinge is more hurtfull then delayes and nothing more hindreth c. 454. In tymes of perill wise men feare all thinges and doe hold it necessary for their sewertie to hold a suspicion c. 553. Ielousie against Ioh. Ia. Tryuulce 760. Imperialls take the castell of Saint Angeo 898. Imperialls draw neare to Pauya 900. Imperialls determine to accorde with the Pope 908. In worldly things there is no assurance till the end be knowen all mortall men their actions are put vnder an estate of incertainty and errours 990. Inhabitants of Millan ill handled by the Spanyards 996. Inhabitantes of Myllan implore the compassion of the Duke of Burbon 998. K King of Naples sendeth out his force 35. King of Naples sendeth out an army to take the citie of Genoway 36. Kingdom of Naples beginneth to conspire 64. Kings of Fraunce and Spayne deuide betwene them the kingdome of Naples 252. King Philip faileth out of Flaunders into Spayne 354. King Philip cast by casualtie of sea vppon the coast of England 355. Kinge Philip promiseth to redeliuer to the king of England the Duke of Suffolke 355. Kings of Aragon Fraunce haue enteruiew together 381. King of Aragon taketh the Realme of Nauarre 625. King of England sendeth to the french king not to passe into Italy 692. King of England for thEmprour 840. Katherine de Medicis 993. King of Hungarie ouerthrowen in battell by Solyman 1017. Katherine de Medicis 1042. Katherine de Medicis 1177. Katherine de Medicis maried to the second sonne of Fraunce 1181. L Lawrence de Medicis praysed for his vertues and gouernment 2 League for twenty yeares betwene the king of Naples Duke of Myllan and Venetians 3. law de Medicis dyeth 4. Lodowyke Sforce is ielous ouer the amities betwene Pe. de Medicis and thArragons 5. Lod. Sforce insinuateth enuye into the Pope against the Aragons and Medicis 8. Lod. Sforce seeketh to drawe the Pope to his purposes 14. Lewys Duke
office of seruice by the mutinie of the paysants which still redoubled into worse degrees they abandoned the defense of the place Insomuch as the whole campe entring where no resistance was made they turned their felicitie into blood slaying in their furie all the paysants men of the towne Onely the souldiers retyred into the castell together with the Prince who not long after yeelded simply as was sayde to discression notwithstanding they pretended that their liues were excepted The Prince was saued with a very fewe of his followers all the others were put to the sword conteyning three thowsand bodies the towne deliuered vp to sacking In the towne was foūd great store of vittells to the great commoditie and comforting of the French men who for their hard prouision suffred no small wants in Povvylla The xxiiij day the Spanyards departed from Ariano and incamped at Tripaldo which is xxv myles from Naples vppon the high waye and xl myles from Ofanto with whome ioyned the Viceroy the Prince of Salerno and Fabricio Maramo with a regiment of three thowsand footemen and twelue peeces of artilleries it was thought also that Captaine Alarson yssued out of Naples with two thowsand footemen to succour Dogania But Lavvtrech stayed vpon the territories of Ofanto to make great prouisions of money had all his cōpanies incamped betwene Ascalo Melffe And since the accident of Melffe were rendred to him Barletto Trany and all the townes thereabouts except Manfredonia wherein was a strength of a thowsand footemen In this successe and rendring of townes he sent out Peter Nauare with foure thowsand footemen to take the rock of Venosa which being garded valliantly defended by ij hundred fifty spanish footemen he tooke it at last to discression reteyning the Capteines prisoners he sent away the others without weapōs And there he had giuen order that the reuenue of the tribute of Povvilla should be receyued for him which for the troubles impediments which the warre brought aūswered not the value price that were wont to rise by it In this place the commissarie Pisano with the Venetian regimentes conteining about two thousande footemen came to Monsr Lavvtrech who in this sorte was busied to assure him selfe of vittells and prouisions A matter which was made more easie to him after he had got into his power Ascoly by the meane of the Venetian regimentes And at this tyme rising into courage by the happy euent of his affayres he vrged the Pope with hawty wordes to declare him selfe for the league Who notwithstanding they of Viterbo would not before receyue him for their gouernour of which Octauian Spirito was the cause yet beeing afterwardes raunged and made plyable through feare he had transported his Court to Viterba And Vespasian Colonno being dead at the same time who ordeyned by his testament that Isabell his onely daughter shoulde be maryed to Hipolito de Medicis the Pope vnder that cooller gatte possession of all those places which he helde in the territories of Rome notwithstanding Askanio pretended that they apperteyned to him by the ceassing of the line masculine of Prospero Colonno About this time Monopoly was rendred to the Venetians for whome and to whose vse according to the laste couenauntes made with the French king were gotten all those portes of the realme of Naples which they possessed before they were ouerthrowen by king Lovvis the xij in Guiaradada By reason of these prosperities of the French the Duke of Ferrara was induced to sende his sonne into Fraunce to accomplish and giue perfection to the mariage A matter which he had deferred before by great industrie refusing with the same pollicie to be Capteine of the League But themprour who sent no men out of Spayne to releeue the daungers of the kingdome of Naples had giuen ordenance that the Duke of Brunsvvich should passe out of Germanie into Italy with new supplies of Launceknights for the succour of that kingdome These supplies were prepared with so muche the more care and diligence by how muche they vnderstoode the necessitie to reskew it was great for the comming on of Monsr Lavvtrech But to th ende the aduauncing of those supplyes should not trouble the hope of the victorie it was agreed by the consent of the king of Englande the French king and the Venetians that the Lorde Frauncis of Saint Poll discended of the house of Burbon should passe into Italy with foure hundred launces fiue hundred light horsmen fiue thousande footemen Frenche two thousande Svvizzers and two thousande Launceknightes This armie was appoynted to followe them if they passed to Naples and otherwise to make warre vppon the Duchie of Millan adioyning to them the regimentes of the Venetians and the bandes of Frauncis Sforce For the defrayment of this armie was set downe a paye of threescore thousande duckets monthly of which the king of Englande was to contribute euery moneth thirtie thousand And the Venetians had resolued in the counsell of Pregati to wage ten thousande footemen In this time the inhabitants of Millan were reduced to an extreme and miserable subiection for the intollerable exactions imposed by Antho. de Leua who the better to prouide for the payes of his souldiours had drawne into his owne handes all the vittells of the Citye and hauing bestowed them in publike storehouses and Garniers he solde them in his owne name at what rate or prise he would the inhabitantes beeing driuen to buy them according to his lawe or else to dye for hunger And yet the money raysed vppon that extreme meane beeing not sufficient to pay the Launceknightes that were lodged in houses they were suffred to make dayly raunsomes of the maisters and owners of whome suche as woulde yeelde no money were kept in chaynes and yrons And because to auoyde so great cruelties and intollerable impostes many dyd flee continually out of the Citie notwithstanding the rigour of the commaundementes and diligence of the warders there was confiscation of goodes published agaynst suche as were absent who were so many in number that to auoyde the trouble to sette them downe in writing they caused them to be putte in print The Nobles and best sorte of Citizens suche as remayned there were seene in their garmentes poore and ragged and in their countenances astonished and desolate expressing by a lamentable compassion the calamities they endured And their pallaces and places of best frequentation were reduced to ruines and rubbege suche as were heauye testimonies of the crueltie of the Spaniardes And yet all thinges succeeded happely to hym that was the causer of all these miseries For where Capteine Mus laye incamped at Lecqua with sixe hundred footemen as a souldiour of the League and hauing taken awaye the barkes to th ende the Spaniardes that were within Coma could not reskew it by the waye of the lake Antho. de Leua with the bandes of footemen that were within Nouaro issued out of Millan and incamped fifteene
the crowne of Fraunce 876. Confederacion betwene the Pope and thEmprour 910. Conspiracy against thEmprour 935. Capitulacions betweene the confederats against thEmprour 935. Castell of Myllan rendred to thImperialls 1004. Cremona rendred to the confederats 1014. The Confederats resolue to inuade Naples 1040. Confederacion betweene the Frenche king and king of England 1070. Cardinall of Yorke in Fraunce 1073. Cardinal Campeius Legat in England 1114. Couenants betwene Andre Dore and thEmprour 1119. Causes of the ruyne of the Cardinall of Yorke 1139. Capitulacions betweene thEmprour the Venetians Duke of Myllan 1161. Creaciō of Pope Pawle the third 1183 D Duchie of Brittaine inuested in the crowne of Fraunce 24. Death of Ferdinand king of Aragō 27. Duke of Calabria marcheth towardes Calabria 37. Death of Iohn Galeas Duke of Millan 48. Dom Federyk aunswereth the French king 84. Death of Ge. Otto a Turke and kept in refuge by the Pope 85. Duke of Venice reasoneth in fauour of the Pysans and preuaileth 143. Declinacion of the French in the kingdom of Naples 156. Duke of Candia generall of the Popes army 170. Duke of Myllan practiseth against the Venetians touching Pisa 176. Disorders in Florence for the gouernment 177. Duke of Myllan prosecuteth his practise against the Venetians 183. Death of king Charles the eight 184. Death of Sauonarola 185. Duke of Venice aunswereth the Florentyn Embassadors 197. Doings of the French king during the warre of Pisa 203. Duke of Myllan being made astonished with the league soliciteth an accord 215. Duke Valentynois taketh Ymola by the ayde of the French. 236. Discending of the Turke Ibid. Duke Valentynois taketh Furly 237. Disorders in the Frenche gouernment in Myllan 238. Duke of Myllan made prisoner by the treason of the Swizzers 242. Duke Valentynois beseegeth Faenza 250. Duke Valentynois leauieth his campe Ibid. Duke Valentynois disdayneth to be repulsed 251. Duke Valentynois taketh the Duchie of Vrbyn 269. Disorders in Florence touchinge the gouernment 272. Duke Valentynois with the frēch k. 274. Duke Valētynois great with the french king againe 275. Duke of Vrbyn recouereth his estate 278. Duke Valentynois demaundeth succor of the French king Ibid. Death of Cardinall Vrsin 283 Discending of the Swyzzers into the Duchie of Myllan 291. Duke Valentynois for the french k. 310. Duke Valentynois arested by the Pope 318. Discourse vpon the nauigacions of the Spanyards 328. Death of king Federyk 339. Death of Elizabeth Queene of Spaine 340. Death of Cardinall Askanius 345. Dissimulacions very daungerous in the persons of great men 354. Death of king Philip. 363. Death of Duke Valentynois 365. Dyot of Constance 376. Deliberacion of the Venetians 394. Deliberacion of the Venetians 410. Defeate of the Venetians 422. Diuerse opinions touching the fall of the Venetians 430. Descripcion of Padoa 445. Descripcion of Verona 458. Death of the Count Petillano 460. Discending of the Swizzers to the Duchie of Myllan 483. Duke of Ferrara goeth to Rome to demaund pardon of the Pope 603. Duke of Ferrara in daunger to be prisoner at Rome Ibid. Disposiciō of Princes to the warre 634. Desire of Pope Leo to chase the french king out of Italy 638. Death of king Lewys the 12. 684. Death of Aluiano 709. Death of the king Catholike 714. Death of the great Capteine Ibid. Duchie of Vrbyn returneth to the obedience of the naturall Duke 732. Descripcion of the citie of Pezero 733. Death of Iohn Ia. Tryunlce 761. Death of law de Medicis 766. Disorder in an army breeds more daūger then the sword of thennemy 798. Death of Pope Leo the tenth 813. Duke of Vrbyn and the Baillons before Sienna 823. Death of Pope Adrian 857. Death of Prospero Colonno and his qualities 868. Duke of Burbon commeth to Myllan being not able to do any thing in Burgondie 869. Defendants of Pauya in necessitie 894. Duke of Burbon in Spayne 943. Death of the Marquis of Pisquaro 943. Deuises of Princes against the power of thEmprour 944. Duke of Burbon goeth out of Myllan leaueth there Antho. de Leua 1035. Duke of Ferrara perswadeth the D. of Burbon 1036. Duke of Burbon draweth his army directly to Rome 1059. Duke of Burbon slayne at the assalt of Rome 1061. Death of the Viceroy Don Hugo Mōcado 1105. Duke of Brundswike in Italy for thEmprour 1110. Death of Monsr Lawtrech 1122. Deuises of the Pope to restore his house in Lombardy 1137. Death of Pope Clement the vij 1183. E Estate wherein Italy was anno 1490. 1 Embassadors of Myllan perswade the french king to the voyage of Naples 14. Embassadors of Florence confute the complaints of the Pysans 75. Encownter of Soriano 171. Embassadors of the Florentyns at Venice 196. Eldest sonne of king Federyk sent into Spayne 262. Experience declareth this to be true that that which many desire succeedeth rarely for that theffects of humane actions c. 273. Exploytes of the french armies beyond the mountes 320. ThEmprour speaketh in the Dyot 377 Enterprise of Bolognia by the Pope king of Aragon 565. English men at Fontaraby against the french 624. Estate of humane felicities subiect to emulacion and nothing of more difficultie to mortal mē then to beare wel the height and greatnes of fortune 629. English army affore Tournaye 665. Elephantes presented to the Pope 682. Enteruiew of Pope Leo and the french king in Bolognia 711. Emprour in England 775. Election of Pope Adrian the sixt 822. Emprour Charles maried to the daughter of Portugall 951. Emprour writeth to the Pope touching the french kings deliuery 964. Emprour ill contented 976. Execucion at Naples 1132. Emprour sendeth to the Prince of Orenge to inuade the Florentyns 1147. Emprour at Genes 1148. Emprour taketh the crowne at Bolognia 1165. Employ sackt by the Marquis of Guast 1168. Enteruiew of the king of England and French king 1176. Enteruiewe of the Pope and French k. at Marselles 1181. F Ferdinand king of Aragon 2. Frenche kinge sendeth Embassadors to the Pope Florentyns and Venetians 30 Florentyns aunswer the Frenche Embassadors 32. French king angry with the Florentyns aunswer 32. French king prayeth amitie of the Venetians 33. Foreshowes of the calamities of Italy 40. French king doubtfull to goe thorowe with thenterprise of Naples 41. French king in Ast 43. French king discribed Ibid. French king visiteth Iohn Galeas Duke of Myllan 48. French king in minde to returne into Fraunce 49. Florentyns discontented with Peter de Medicis 54. French k. draweth towards Florēce 57. French king entreth Florence 58. French king at Syenna 60. French king entreth Rome 63. French king kisseth the Popes feete 64. French king entreth Naples 70. French king maketh offers to Dom Federyk 84. French king sendeth an army to inuade Yschia 84. French king vseth negligence in ordering the things of Naples 88. French king taketh councel what to do against the league of confederats 90. French k. crowned king of Naples 92. French king aspyreth to the surprising of Genes 98. French kinges attempts vppon Genes