since_o his_o death_n a_o little_a after_o he_o begin_v mr._n ploden_n who_o report_v the_o special_a case_n which_o happen_v from_o the_o second_o of_o king_n edw._n the_o sixth_o until_o the_o fifteen_o of_o queen_n elizabeth_n they_o be_v but_o few_o case_n yet_o more_o full_o report_v than_o any_o before_o he_o then_o the_o voluntary_a reporter_n be_v the_o late_a lord_n coke_n who_o have_v set_v forth_o thirteen_o volume_n of_o report_n since_o that_o we_o have_v have_v hobart_n bulstrod_n hutton_n and_o divers_a other_o especial_o justice_n croke_n who_o continue_v his_o report_n till_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o there_o be_v beside_o these_o reporter_n case_n writer_n of_o rule_n and_o the_o application_n of_o they_o to_o case_n some_o other_o writer_n of_o the_o common_a law_n who_o work_n be_v mix_v partly_o of_o rule_n and_o partly_o of_o application_n of_o they_o to_o certain_a case_n of_o their_o own_o knowledge_n and_o collection_n such_o be_v the_o book_n call_v the_o old_a tenor_n and_o another_o common_o call_v littleton_n tenor_n this_o book_n serve_v for_o a_o introduction_n to_o the_o young_a student_n in_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n as_o justinian_n institution_n do_v for_o the_o beginner_n in_o the_o civill-law_n mr._n perkins_n do_v likewise_o draw_v certain_a rule_n and_o case_n of_o some_o title_n of_o the_o common_a law_n into_o a_o method_n but_o not_o of_o equal_a or_o like_v authority_n with_o littleton_n it_o be_v allege_v by_o ploden_n in_o his_o epistle_n that_o in_o ancient_a time_n as_o he_o have_v upon_o credit_n hear_v there_o be_v four_o reporter_n of_o our_o case_n king_n reporter_n of_o the_o law_n in_o former_a time_n authorize_v 2nd_o allow_v by_o the_o king_n of_o law_n which_o be_v chief_a man_n and_o have_v a_o yearly_a stipend_n for_o their_o travel_n therein_o pay_v by_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o they_o confer_v together_o at_o the_o make_n and_o set_v forth_o of_o the_o report_n it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o there_o be_v the_o like_a course_n still_o continue_v and_o allowance_n give_v so_o shall_v we_o not_o have_v be_v bereave_v of_o so_o many_o worthy_a and_o unrecoverable_a case_n and_o judgement_n which_o be_v want_v and_o no_o doubt_n either_o perish_v or_o bury_v in_o silence_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o student_n be_v deprive_v of_o the_o light_n and_o help_v which_o they_o may_v have_v thereby_o chap._n vi_o of_o estate_n allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n have_v say_v somewhat_o of_o the_o ground_n of_o our_o common-law_n of_o england_n it_o shall_v seem_v proper_a in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v the_o estate_n which_o the_o common-law_n do_v allow_v and_o that_o brief_o for_o neither_o my_o judgement_n in_o the_o law_n nor_o this_o place_n will_v fit_o allow_v such_o aperfect_a and_o exact_a discourse_n as_o may_v pass_v without_o exception_n of_o the_o learned_a in_o our_o law_n or_o full_o satisfy_v such_o as_o be_v well_o experience_v in_o the_o same_o only_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v say_v be_v rather_o set_v down_o as_o a_o general_a view_n to_o consider_v the_o state_n and_o course_n of_o our_o law_n than_o as_o a_o platform_n and_o precise_a instruction_n thereof_o the_o estate_n most_o absolute_a which_o sort_n fee-simple_n of_o two_o sort_n the_o law_n do_v allow_v be_v either_o fee-simple_n absolute_a of_o land_n to_o a_o man_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n and_o assign_n for_o ever_o fee-tail_n estate_n of_o fee-simple_n conditional_a now_o make_v a_o estate_n in_o fee-tail_n or_o fee-simple_n conditional_a that_o be_v to_o he_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n general_a or_o special_a as_o it_o be_v at_o the_o common-law_n which_o be_v account_v fee-tail_n to_o his_o heir_n male_n or_o female_n according_a to_o the_o particular_a limitation_n this_o estate_n of_o fee-simple_n absolute_a fee-simple_n how_o time_n have_v alter_v the_o state_n of_o fee-simple_n and_o general_a be_v as_o ancient_a as_o our_o common-law_n and_o perchance_o before_o the_o use_n of_o our_o common-law_n as_o they_o be_v now_o in_o ure_n for_o from_o the_o begin_n there_o be_v give_v and_o grant_v of_o land_n though_o not_o altogether_o in_o that_o exact_a and_o express_a form_n which_o late_a time_n have_v require_v because_o at_o the_o first_o if_o one_o man_n have_v give_v land_n to_o another_o for_o ever_o this_o have_v be_v hold_v a_o sufficient_a grant_n to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o heir_n but_o now_o the_o law_n have_v so_o expound_v and_o distinguish_v that_o if_o the_o word_n heir_n be_n not_o in_o the_o grant_n it_o be_v no_o fee-simple_n but_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n the_o estate_n in_o fee-simple_n donditional_a be_v likewise_o for_o the_o general_a practice_n thereof_o introduce_v upon_o late_a consideration_n of_o which_o at_o the_o first_o there_o be_v no_o recovery_n leave_v in_o the_o giver_n nor_o remainder_n can_v be_v limit_v over_o but_o after_o issue_n have_v which_o be_v the_o condition_n annex_v the_o donee_n or_o he_o to_o who_o the_o gift_n be_v make_v have_v power_n to_o alien_n the_o whole_a land_n and_o estate_n but_o afterward_o this_o estate_n in_o fee-simple_n conditional_a be_v in_o the_o thirteen_o year_n of_o king_n edw._n the_o first_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n in_o the_o donee_n and_o a_o reversion_n in_o the_o donor_n or_o giver_n and_o then_o the_o donee_n may_v not_o by_o any_o act_n bar_v his_o issue_n neither_o by_o forfeiture_n of_o offence_n as_o treason_n nor_o by_o conveyance_n though_o never_o so_o strong_a as_o fine_a etc._n etc._n thus_o we_o see_v how_o the_o great_a and_o most_o beneficial_a estate_n of_o fee-simple_n which_o the_o common-law_n do_v admit_v have_v receive_v his_o degree_n his_o limitation_n and_o alteration_n according_a as_o time_n increase_v of_o knowledge_n in_o the_o law_n and_o of_o conveyance_n and_o assurance_n among_o man_n have_v think_v it_o meet_v the_o like_a alteration_n we_o may_v find_v in_o other_o estate_n of_o least_o extent_n and_o benefit_n in_o the_o law_n where_o mention_n be_v first_o make_v of_o the_o state_n of_o fee-simple_n to_o be_v very_o ancient_a though_o not_o always_o in_o one_o express_v form_n it_o be_v true_a with_o a_o several_a respect_n of_o time_n in_o antiquity_n for_o among_o the_o saxon_n fee-simple_n be_v time_n fee-simple_n in_o use_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n and_o that_o by_o the_o name_n of_o land_n to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o saxon_a law_n of_o alfred_n where_o it_o be_v say_v qui_fw-la terram_fw-la habuerit_fw-la per_fw-la scripturae_fw-la seriem_fw-la the_o saxon_a word_n be_v boclande_n sibi_fw-la relictam_fw-la ab_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la ad_fw-la alios_fw-la alienandi_fw-la potestas_fw-la ei_fw-la non_fw-la esto_fw-la siquidem_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la cognatis_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la aut_fw-la episcopo_fw-la scriptura_fw-la aut_fw-la testimonio_fw-la potentum_fw-la omni_fw-la alienatione_fw-la &_o interdixisse_fw-la illum_fw-la qui_fw-la prius_fw-la concessit_fw-la talemque_fw-la ei_fw-la imposuisse_fw-la legem_fw-la cum_fw-la primo_fw-la dederit_fw-la out_o of_o which_o may_v be_v note_v both_o the_o fee-simple_n absolute_a and_o conditional_a be_v then_o allow_v and_o in_o use_n and_o also_o time_n fee-simple_n conditional_a also_o know_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n a_o man_n may_v see_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n how_o a_o gift_n to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o a_o gift_n to_o a_o man_n for_o ever_o be_v all_o one_o for_o when_o erle_n godwine_n come_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o get_v the_o manor_n of_o boseham_n in_o sussex_n he_o first_o jest_o say_v to_o he_o as_o mr._n camden_n say_v out_o of_o mapaeus_n dam_fw-la mihi_fw-la boseham_n the_o bishop_n as_o it_o shall_v seem_v scarce_o know_v his_o meaning_n answer_v he_o do_v tibi_fw-la boseham_n whereupon_o without_o any_o more_o livery_n the_o earl_n take_v and_o have_v possession_n thereof_o to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o heir_n by_o which_o also_o we_o may_v see_v two_o thing_n that_o the_o word_n heir_n be_v not_o then_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n in_o a_o grant_n to_o create_v a_o fee-simple_n and_o that_o then_o such_o strict_a word_n and_o form_n of_o conveyance_n be_v not_o require_v as_o of_o late_a time_n to_o pass_v estate_n of_o land_n there_o be_v other_o estate_n of_o inferior_a degree_n and_o dignity_n allow_v by_o the_o common-law_n whereof_o some_o be_v account_v inheritance_n and_o freehold_a other_o but_o uncertain_a and_o not_o for_o a_o prefix_a season_n or_o term_v of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v a_o estate_n for_o life_n twofold_n estate_n for_o life_n twofold_n and_o that_o twofold_a either_o create_v by_o the_o party_n as_o by_o lease_n etc._n etc._n or_o else_o create_v by_o the_o law_n as_o tenant_n by_o the_o curtefie_v of_o england_n by_o have_v issue_n of_o a_o wife_n inheritrix_n or_o
be_v call_v the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n because_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o kingdom_n must_v live_v under_o they_o and_o may_v challenge_v they_o as_o their_o birthright_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o estate_n right_o and_o liberty_n in_o which_o sense_n also_o the_o general_a law_n of_o any_o kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n may_v be_v call_v their_o common_a law_n howsoever_o it_o may_v be_v a_o question_n how_o at_o the_o first_o the_o name_n of_o our_o common_a law_n come_v or_o how_o the_o same_o may_v differ_v from_o the_o statute_n law_n or_o from_o any_o other_o law_n allow_v within_o this_o kingdom_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o law_n the_o municipal_a law_n of_o england_n be_v the_o most_o proper_a title_n of_o our_o law_n term_n and_o title_n of_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o land_n be_v both_o proper_a to_o our_o law_n and_o do_v include_v all_o our_o law_n as_o well_o the_o statute_n as_o common_a law_n first_o it_o be_v proper_a in_o that_o our_o law_n of_o this_o land_n be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o kingdom_n and_o the_o territory_n thereof_o and_o thereto_o adjacent_a be_v not_o elsewhere_o in_o use_n or_o allow_v now_o for_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n under_o which_o title_n the_o special_a and_o particular_a kind_n of_o our_o law_n of_o england_n may_v ground_n the_o division_n of_o our_o law_n of_o england_n into_o several_a part_n and_o ground_n be_v most_o apt_o comprehend_v sundry_a person_n have_v make_v several_a division_n thereof_o some_o have_v divide_v they_o into_o custom_n which_o be_v like_a to_o the_o civilian_n jus_n privatum_fw-la and_o into_o statute_n law_n other_o into_o common_a law_n custom_n and_o statute_n law_n this_o last_o division_n consist_v of_o three_o england_n another_o division_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n part_n seingerman_n in_o his_o fundamental_a partition_n of_o our_o law_n double_v by_o add_v thereto_o another_o foundation_n and_o division_n of_o our_o law_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o god_n the_o law_n of_o reason_n and_o certain_a principle_n or_o maxim_n which_o with_o the_o three_o former_a he_o make_v as_o several_a ground_n of_o our_o law_n of_o england_n they_o which_o stand_v to_o the_o first_o bipartite_a division_n of_o our_o law_n set_v they_o to_o stand_v only_o as_o it_o be_v upon_o two_o leg_n do_v conjoin_v custom_n with_o our_o common_a law_n for_o they_o say_v what_o be_v any_o custom_n allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n but_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n since_o that_o the_o judge_n to_o who_o delegation_n be_v make_v for_o the_o law_n whether_o custom_n allow_v for_o lawful_a be_v ground_n or_o make_v part_n of_o our_o law_n determination_n of_o civil_a cause_n do_v admit_v those_o custom_n to_o be_v plead_v before_o they_o and_o do_v give_v judgement_n for_o the_o same_o yet_o the_o difference_n between_o they_o will_v be_v first_o that_o these_o custom_n do_v not_o equal_o extend_v throughout_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o if_o they_o be_v incorporate_v into_o our_o law_n they_o be_v but_o private_a and_o not_o our_o common_a law_n second_o the_o judge_n do_v ex_fw-la officio_fw-la take_v notice_n of_o the_o one_o but_o not_o without_o a_o special_a plead_n of_o the_o other_o so_o it_o may_v well_o be_v say_v in_o some_o sort_n that_o custom_n allow_v for_o law_n or_o for_o lawful_a may_v be_v make_v some_o part_n of_o our_o law_n but_o yet_o i_o can_v hardly_o allow_v they_o the_o honour_n to_o be_v make_v ground_n of_o our_o law_n unless_o they_o be_v first_o reduce_v to_o certainty_n and_o so_o be_v make_v as_o it_o be_v maxim_n so_o be_v general_a receive_v opinion_n by_o custom_n continuance_n and_o approbation_n of_o authority_n and_o judgement_n make_v common_a law_n whereto_o some_o add_v this_o rule_n communis_fw-la error_n facit_fw-la legem_fw-la as_o for_o the_o other_o addition_n of_o st._n germane_a allow_v st._n germane_a division_n of_o the_o ground_n of_o our_o law_n not_o allow_v sextuple_a division_n of_o our_o law_n of_o england_n although_o he_o have_v therein_o show_v some_o learning_n yet_o without_o offence_n be_v it_o speak_v he_o have_v muster_v together_o divers_a thing_n different_a in_o name_n but_o the_o same_o in_o nature_n for_o what_o be_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n other_o than_o the_o law_n of_o god_n if_o it_o be_v right_o understand_v because_o what_o proceed_v from_o reason_n not_o darken_v with_o the_o cloud_n of_o error_n but_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v character_v in_o the_o soul_n by_o he_o which_o first_o frame_v it_o according_a to_o his_o likeness_n and_o say_v seneca_n quid_fw-la est_fw-la ratio_fw-la he_o answer_v himself_o naturae_fw-la imitatio_fw-la therefore_o that_o our_o law_n of_o england_n be_v compose_v and_o whole_o frame_v on_o the_o law_n of_o god_n be_v more_o than_o may_v be_v say_v of_o they_o or_o of_o any_o other_o humane_a positive_a law_n but_o that_o they_o do_v depend_v on_o they_o and_o not_o main_o differ_v from_o they_o may_v be_v well_o and_o true_o justify_v now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o there_o have_v be_v mention_n make_v of_o three_o principal_a part_n of_o our_o municipal_a law_n let_v we_o a_o little_a take_v some_o particular_a and_o several_a view_n of_o they_o what_o they_o be_v they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o common_a law_n the_o statute_n examine_v the_o particular_a part_n of_o our_o law_n examine_v law_n and_o custom_n allow_v for_o law_n the_o first_o which_o be_v the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o land_n consist_v partly_o of_o the_o collection_n of_o such_o law_n as_o be_v allow_v by_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n england_n what_o law_n king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n allow_v in_o england_n who_o neither_o whole_o introduce_v his_o norman_a law_n nor_o altogether_o allow_v of_o the_o former_a but_o out_o of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o either_o take_v that_o which_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o time_n and_o present_a government_n the_o former_a law_n which_o he_o allow_v of_o be_v such_o of_o the_o saxon_n and_o danish_a law_n as_o he_o find_v fit_a for_o the_o time_n and_o first_o of_o the_o saxon_n who_o come_v into_o this_o kingdom_n about_o anno_fw-la 449._o who_o king_n ethelbert_n of_o kent_n do_v constitute_v as_o beda_n say_v decreta_fw-la judiciorum_fw-la conqueror_n some_o part_n of_o the_o saxon_a and_o danish_a law_n allow_v by_o the_o conqueror_n cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la sapientum_fw-la quae_fw-la conscripta_fw-la say_v he_o anglorum_fw-la sermone_fw-la hactenus_fw-la habentur_fw-la &_o observantur_fw-la the_o succeed_a saxon_a king_n do_v in_o their_o wintenagemote_n or_o conventus_fw-la sapientum_fw-la which_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o parliament_n make_v diverse_a constitution_n cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la sapientum_fw-la &_o senatorum_fw-la cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la as_o that_o learned_a and_o industrious_a gentleman_n mr._n lambert_n affirm_v who_o compile_v some_o of_o they_o into_o one_o book_n as_o the_o law_n of_o inas_fw-la alfred_n athelstan_n atheldred_n canutus_n edgar_n edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o other_o out_o of_o which_o the_o conqueror_n take_v such_o as_o he_o think_v convenient_a whereof_o some_o be_v enumerate_v by_o the_o forename_a mr._n lambert_n and_o by_o hoveden_n also_o gervasius_n tilburiensis_n he_o law_n the_o conqueror_n allowance_n of_o the_o former_a law_n say_v of_o the_o conqueror_n decrevit_fw-la subjectum_fw-la sibi_fw-la populum_fw-la viri_fw-la scripto_fw-la legibusque_fw-la subjicere_fw-la propositis_fw-la igitur_fw-la legibus_fw-la anglicanis_fw-la secundum_fw-la tripartitam_fw-la earum_fw-la distinctionem_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la merchenleg_n daneleg_n &_o west_n saxenleg_n quasdam_fw-la reprobavit_fw-la quasdam_fw-la autem_fw-la approbans_fw-la etc._n etc._n england_n the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n so_o then_o we_o see_v that_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n take_v some_o of_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o this_o land_n which_o be_v the_o first_o part_n of_o our_o common_a law_n of_o england_n the_o residue_n which_o come_v for_o a_o supply_n unto_o the_o same_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o judgement_n give_v since_o in_o particular_a case_n upon_o argument_n make_v before_o and_o by_o the_o learned_a judge_n of_o this_o land_n the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o municipal_a law_n the_o statute_n law_n differ_v from_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o a_o part_n of_o our_o municipal_a law_n law_n of_o this_o land_n though_o not_o proper_o call_v but_o differ_v from_o the_o common_a law_n as_o the_o praetorian_a law_n among_o the_o roman_n do_v differ_v from_o their_o civil_a law_n be_v the_o statute_n law_n of_o this_o realm_n make_v by_o the_o king_n as_o head_n with_o the_o noble_n and_o commons_o as_o member_n of_o this_o body_n politic_a this_o law_n be_v invent_v to_o give_v speedy_a remedy_n and_o redress_v unto_o such_o sudden_a matter_n as_o be_v mischievous_a in_o the_o
enchiridion_n legum_n a_o discourse_n concern_v the_o beginning_n nature_n difference_n progress_n and_o use_v of_o law_n in_o general_z and_o in_o particular_a of_o the_o common_a &_o municipal_a law_n of_o england_n london_n print_v by_o elizabeth_n flesher_n john_n streater_n and_o henry_n twyford_n assign_v of_o richard_n atkins_n &_o edw._n atkins_n esquire_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o g._n s._n h._n t._n j._n p._n w._n p._n j._n b._n t._n b._n r._n p._n c._n w._n t._n d._n w._n j._n c._n h._n j._n l._n j._n a._n j._n w._n &_o j._n p._n m_o dc_o lxx_o iii_o the_o head_n of_o the_o several_a chapter_n contain_v in_o this_o treatise_n chap._n i._n the_o definition_n etymology_n division_n perfection_n and_o imperfection_n of_o law_n what_o be_v require_v to_o the_o make_n of_o they_o and_o of_o their_o necessity_n pag._n 1._o chap._n ii_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o là w_n of_o nature_n of_o nation_n the_o civil_a and_o municipal_a law_n pag._n 16._o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o how_o they_o do_v differ_v from_o other_o law_n pag._n 31._o chap._n iu._n a_o answer_n to_o certain_a objection_n usual_o make_v against_o the_o law_n of_o england_n pag._n 57_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o book_n write_v of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n whereby_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o be_v chief_o obtain_v pag._n 83._o chap._n vi_o of_o estate_n allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n pag._n 89._o chap._n vii_o of_o assurance_n &_o conveyance_n which_o grow_v out_o of_o these_o estate_n by_o the_o common-law_n pag._n 95._o chap._n viii_o of_o action_n and_o of_o their_o trial_n according_a to_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n pag._n 103._o chap._n ix_o of_o trial_n allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n pag._n 106._o chap._n x._o of_o some_o thing_n in_o the_o minister_n and_o proceed_n of_o our_o law_n conceive_v worthy_a to_o be_v reform_v pag._n 111._o enchiridion_n legum_n chap._n 1._o the_o definition_n etymology_n division_n perfection_n and_o imperfection_n of_o law_n what_o be_v require_v to_o the_o make_n of_o they_o and_o of_o their_o necessity_n mean_v to_o treat_v first_o of_o law_n in_o general_a and_o next_o of_o the_o common_a or_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n i_o conceive_v it_o can_v be_v unprofitable_a for_o a_o introduction_n unto_o this_o intendment_n to_o set_v down_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o law_n whereof_o justinian_n have_v deliver_v three_o derive_v out_o of_o demosthenes_n chrysippus_n and_o papinian_n one_o be_v that_o a_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v that_o whereunto_o man_n ought_v to_o yield_v obedience_n as_o in_o other_o respect_n so_o especial_o in_o this_o because_o it_o be_v a_o invention_n of_o the_o god_n a_o decree_n of_o wise_a man_n a_o correction_n of_o offence_n commit_v either_o witting_o or_o ignorant_o a_o covenant_n of_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n with_o one_o accord_n after_o the_o direction_n whereof_o every_o citizen_n ought_v to_o order_v his_o life_n the_o other_o be_v that_o the_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o sovereign_n of_o all_o thing_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a that_o be_v a_o commander_n a_o guide_n and_o a_o square_a both_o of_o good_a and_o bad_a enjoin_v that_o which_o be_v fit_a and_o forbid_v the_o contrary_a the_o one_o of_o these_o be_v rather_o a_o description_n than_o a_o definition_n and_o it_o describe_v rather_o the_o natural_a than_o the_o positive_a law_n and_o the_o other_o be_v fit_v rather_o to_o a_o orator_n than_o a_o lawyer_n we_o may_v therefore_o let_v they_o pass_v and_o proceed_v to_o the_o three_o which_o set_v down_o the_o law_n to_o be_v a_o general_a determination_n of_o wise_a man_n a_o comptroller_n of_o fault_n either_o escape_v through_o ignorance_n or_o commit_v upon_o wilfulness_n and_o it_o be_v a_o general_a agreement_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n jason_n observe_v that_o the_o law_n be_v a_o general_a commandment_n in_o three_o respect_n either_o because_o it_o be_v found_v upon_o a_o general_a authority_n or_o because_o it_o belong_v to_o and_o bind_v all_o or_o else_o because_o it_o be_v intend_v general_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o all_o cicero_n define_v the_o law_n to_o be_v a_o certain_a reason_n flow_v from_o the_o divine_a mind_n which_o do_v persuade_v that_o which_o be_v right_a and_o prohibit_v the_o contrary_n and_o plato_n say_v that_o the_o law_n obtain_v a_o name_n like_o to_o the_o name_n of_o the_o mind_n but_o whilst_o the_o law_n be_v define_v by_o the_o divine_a mind_n it_o seem_v as_o one_o say_v to_o be_v define_v by_o that_o which_o be_v more_o remote_a and_o general_a than_o subject_n to_o common_a capacity_n yet_o be_v these_o definition_n in_o some_o sort_n true_a be_v rather_o refer_v to_o the_o eternal_a law_n than_o to_o the_o positive_a and_o humane_a law_n as_o shall_v be_v short_o show_v in_o his_o place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n for_o that_o these_o as_o the_o former_a be_v as_o be_v say_v before_o rather_o description_n than_o perfect_a definition_n to_o come_v more_o near_o to_o the_o purpose_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o humane_a law_n be_v a_o order_n and_o ordinance_n include_v the_o rule_n and_o reason_n of_o govern_v and_o give_v to_o every_o man_n that_o which_o be_v his_o due_n direct_v to_o the_o end_n of_o public_a good_a determine_v punishment_n to_o the_o transgressor_n and_o reward_n to_o the_o obedient_a therefore_o to_o conclude_v humane_a law_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o ordinance_n and_o agreement_n of_o wise_a man_n conclude_v by_o public_a authority_n for_o the_o peace_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n live_v together_o in_o society_n it_o be_v say_v for_o the_o great_a part_n because_o no_o humane_a positive_a law_n be_v so_o general_o good_a unto_o all_o but_o that_o it_o be_v hurtful_a unto_o some_o by_o accident_n if_o not_o of_o itself_o if_o any_o do_v desire_n to_o know_v from_o law_n the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n lex_n which_o we_o call_v law_n whence_o this_o word_n lex_n which_o in_o english_a we_o call_v law_n be_v derive_v some_o will_v say_v with_o isidorus_n that_o it_o have_v his_o etymology_n à _fw-la legendo_fw-la because_o after_o the_o law_n be_v write_v it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v read_v unto_o the_o people_n but_o this_o be_v not_o so_o certain_a in_o that_o the_o read_n of_o the_o law_n by_o way_n of_o promulgation_n be_v but_o accidentary_a and_o no_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o law_n although_o some_o have_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o a_o law_n can_v not_o be_v perfect_o establish_v until_o it_o be_v promulgate_v by_o way_n of_o proclamation_n other_o will_v derive_v the_o word_n lex_n à _fw-la ligando_fw-la for_o as_o much_o as_o divine_v hold_v that_o man_n be_v tie_v in_o foro_fw-la conscientiae_fw-la to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o law_n as_o well_o as_o they_o be_v bind_v under_o penalty_n to_o observe_v the_o same_o yet_o cicero_n concur_v with_o the_o first_o derivation_n but_o with_o a_o farther-fetched_a reason_n than_o the_o former_a quoth_v lex_n idem_fw-la sit_fw-la quod_fw-la legendi_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la eligendi_fw-la regula_fw-la the_o reason_n be_v nam_fw-la regula_fw-la dirigendo_fw-la docet_fw-la eligere_fw-la it_o may_v yet_o well_o enough_o agree_v unto_o both_o for_o one_o say_v habet_fw-la lex_fw-la quod_fw-la sit_fw-la regula_n &_o quod_fw-la sit_fw-la obligatoria_fw-la praeceptio_fw-la how_o soever_o these_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n lex_n do_v stand_v false_a or_o true_a it_o make_v not_o much_o matter_n so_o we_o leave_v they_o as_o more_o grammatical_a and_o conjectural_a than_o certain_a and_o infallible_a the_o word_n lex_n which_o in_o english_a we_o law_n a_o double_a signification_n of_o this_o word_n law_n call_v law_n have_v in_o our_o language_n a_o double_a signification_n or_o be_v take_v two_o way_n for_o it_o be_v take_v both_o for_o that_o which_o the_o latin_n term_v lex_fw-la and_o for_o that_o which_o they_o call_v juris_fw-la prudentia_fw-la the_o one_o be_v the_o art_n of_o the_o other_o for_o lex_n be_v the_o rule_n and_o measure_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v and_o to_o be_v leave_v undo_v but_o juris_fw-la prudentia_fw-la be_v the_o knowledge_n and_o method_n of_o that_o rule_n as_o justice_n be_v the_o execution_n of_o they_o both_o which_o have_v his_o force_n in_o give_v to_o every_o man_n that_o which_o be_v his_o in_o praemio_fw-la paena_fw-la &_o debito_fw-la so_o then_o in_o the_o first_o sense_n the_o word_n law_n be_v proper_o apply_v but_o in_o the_o second_o it_o be_v somewhat_o large_o extend_v yet_o use_v and_o common_a opinion_n have_v so_o accept_v it_o this_o law_n have_v for_o his_o subject_n and_o object_v the_o rule_n of_o all_o divine_a and_o humane_a thing_n except_o god_n himself_o who_o be_v the_o great_a rule-giver_n and_o lawmaker_n and_o he_o
be_v deliver_v as_o from_o papinian_n some_o distinction_n betwixt_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n and_o the_o praetorian_a law_n make_v in_o the_o same_o city_n for_o it_o be_v say_v there_o that_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v consist_v of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o people_n the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o prince_n with_o the_o authority_n of_o wise_a man_n but_o the_o praetorian_a law_n be_v those_o which_o the_o praetor_n do_v introduce_v to_o supply_v to_o help_v or_o to_o correct_v the_o civil_a law_n so_o be_v there_o allege_a in_o the_o same_o digest_v out_o of_o paulus_n another_o division_n of_o law_n the_o first_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o second_o be_v the_o civil_a law_n the_o first_o be_v free_v from_o injustice_n the_o second_o be_v deem_v profitable_a to_o all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o city_n and_o there_o be_v add_v jus_fw-la law_n the_o praetorian_a law_n differ_v from_o and_o correct_v the_o civil_a law_n honorarium_fw-la or_o the_o praetorian_a law_n as_o if_o it_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n wherein_o it_o be_v say_v the_o praetor_n do_v give_v law_n though_o he_o do_v determine_v unjust_o have_v relation_n not_o unto_o that_o which_o the_o praetor_n do_v but_o to_o that_o which_o be_v convenient_a for_o he_o to_o do_v so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v that_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o every_o country_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o civil_a or_o roman_a law_n or_o that_o the_o civil_a roman_a law_n have_v not_o his_o full_a force_n in_o all_o country_n or_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o only_a law_n that_o govern_v in_o any_o country_n because_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n itself_o do_v admit_v some_o other_o law_n to_o be_v administer_v within_o the_o city_n than_o that_o which_o be_v call_v and_o account_v their_o own_o civil_a law_n or_o jus_n civil_a and_o where_o there_o be_v question_n make_v before_o concern_v the_o civil_a law_n whether_o the_o same_o be_v only_o the_o roman_a law_n or_o as_o well_o other_o municipal_a law_n some_o civilian_n do_v distinguish_v law_n a_o division_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n they_o into_o two_o part_n the_o roman_a law_n they_o call_v jus_n civil_a commune_v and_o the_o other_o jus_n civil_a particular_a to_o the_o first_o they_o refer_v also_o some_o municipal_a law_n especial_o those_o constitution_n of_o the_o empire_n since_o it_o be_v translate_v to_o germany_n as_o the_o aurea_n bulla_n of_o charles_n the_o four_o also_o the_o constitution_n and_o edict_n of_o germany_n the_o municipal_a or_o civil_a law_n of_o germany_n the_o german_a emperor_n in_o their_o diet_n or_o parliament_n which_o be_v reckon_v and_o refer_v to_o the_o common_a civil_a law_n because_o they_o be_v ordain_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v in_o true_a construction_n but_o particular_a civil_a or_o municipal_a law_n because_o they_o bound_v none_o but_o such_o as_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o empire_n or_o to_o those_o place_n of_o the_o empire_n for_o which_o they_o be_v make_v and_o which_o do_v submit_v themselves_o thereto_o so_o have_v the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n france_n the_o municipal_a law_n of_o france_n certain_a particular_a civil_a or_o municipal_a law_n make_v in_o their_o parliament_n which_o be_v ancient_o the_o council_n of_o their_o king_n but_o when_o the_o king_n of_o france_n do_v separate_v their_o council_n of_o state_n from_o those_o parliament_n yet_o the_o parliament_n have_v be_v hold_v in_o certain_a city_n of_o france_n as_o say_v brison_n precedent_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n at_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n the_o first_o and_o principal_n hold_v at_o paris_n establish_v by_o philip_n the_o fair_a or_o as_o some_o say_v by_o lewis_n huttin_n his_o son_n the_o second_o at_o tholose_a for_o languedoe_v the_o three_o at_o bourdeaux_n for_o aquitain_n the_o four_o at_o grenoble_n for_o dauphin_n the_o five_o at_o dijon_n for_o burgoigne_n the_o six_o at_o roven_n for_o normandy_n the_o seven_o at_o aix_n for_o provence_n the_o eight_o for_o bretaign_n institute_v by_o henry_n the_o second_o anno_fw-la 1553._o they_o have_v also_o municipal_a and_o particular_a spain_n the_o municipal_a law_n of_o spain_n civil_a law_n ordain_v for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n as_o those_o set_v down_o by_o alphonsus_n the_o 9th_o and_o the_o like_a for_o that_o and_o other_o country_n be_v extant_a and_o in_o use_n the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n have_v as_o different_a the_o municipal_a law_n of_o scotland_n and_o of_o england_n not_o altogether_o different_a this_o realm_n of_o england_n several_a and_o particular_a municipal_a law_n differ_v from_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n as_o for_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n they_o be_v not_o so_o far_o different_a from_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n as_o divers_a do_v conceive_v and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n be_v not_o altogether_o unlike_a these_o of_o england_n but_o in_o many_o point_n do_v concur_v with_o they_o be_v not_o improbable_a for_o that_o there_o be_v a_o book_n concern_v law_n the_o law_n book_n of_o regius_fw-la majestas_fw-la in_o scotland_n like_v to_o glanvil_n book_n of_o the_o english_a law_n the_o ancient_a law_n of_o that_o kingdom_n term_v regius_fw-la majestas_fw-la which_o as_o some_o student_n have_v read_v the_o same_o do_v affirm_v and_o as_o it_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o printer_n epistle_n to_o glanvil_n book_n do_v agree_v much_o and_o in_o many_o place_n word_n for_o word_n with_o the_o say_v glanvil_n book_n and_o do_v often_o vouch_v he_o so_o that_o it_o be_v suppose_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o both_o these_o realm_n do_v then_o agree_v and_o do_v yet_o in_o most_o point_n which_o have_v not_o be_v alter_v by_o statute_n since_o in_o either_o of_o these_o realm_n also_o king_n james_n in_o one_o of_o his_o speech_n make_v to_o the_o knight_n and_o burgess_n of_o the_o low_a house_n of_o parliament_n do_v pronounce_v and_o declare_v that_o the_o trial_n in_o the_o chancery_n of_o scotland_n be_v bring_v from_o this_o of_o england_n show_v the_o time_n author_n and_o occasion_n thereof_o therefore_o it_o one_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o law_n of_o both_o these_o kingdom_n may_v in_o main_a point_n be_v convenient_o make_v all_o one_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o there_o be_v not_o such_o great_a discrepancy_n or_o contrariety_n betwixt_o the_o law_n of_o both_o these_o kingdom_n but_o that_o by_o due_a examination_n it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o there_o be_v or_o at_o least_o may_v be_v a_o consonance_n betwixt_o they_o in_o many_o if_o not_o in_o most_o point_n but_o for_o the_o law_n of_o england_n how_o they_o do_v differ_v from_o the_o civil_a and_o other_o law_n shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o next_o ensue_a chapter_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o how_o they_o do_v differ_v from_o other_o law_n our_o law_n of_o england_n do_v differ_v as_o in_o name_n so_o in_o divers_a other_o circumstance_n consideration_n and_o condition_n from_o the_o law_n of_o other_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n first_o for_o the_o name_n they_o receive_v a_o common_a appellation_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n a_o name_n scarce_o give_v to_o the_o law_n of_o any_o other_o nation_n england_n why_o our_o law_n be_v call_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n therefore_o whence_o it_o receive_v this_o denomination_n of_o the_o common_a law_n may_v breed_v some_o question_n some_o say_v that_o it_o be_v call_v the_o common_a law_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o law_n of_o particular_a custom_n or_o of_o custom_n allow_v for_o lawful_a within_o this_o realm_n but_o this_o be_v not_o certain_a nor_o scarce_o probable_a as_o shall_v be_v show_v anon_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o these_o custom_n allow_v for_o law_n be_v rather_o make_v part_n than_o distinguish_v from_o the_o common_a law_n some_o other_o suppose_v that_o it_o be_v call_v the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n to_o make_v difference_n betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o statute_n law_n which_o as_o they_o be_v of_o another_o kind_n of_o constitution_n than_o be_v the_o common_a law_n as_o will_v be_v make_v evident_a so_o be_v they_o of_o several_a sort_n in_o themselves_o as_o some_o of_o these_o statute_n be_v general_a and_o ordain_v for_o all_o the_o subject_n some_o be_v particular_a and_o make_v for_o the_o settle_n of_o particular_a man_n estate_n and_o of_o particular_a trade_n corporation_n and_o faculty_n therefore_o these_o can_v be_v nor_o may_v not_o be_v call_v the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v common_a to_o all_o but_o only_o in_o this_o sense_n because_o they_o be_v constitute_v with_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o three_o opinion_n be_v that_o they_o
case_n and_o in_o some_o court_n go_v out_o in_o the_o king_n name_n also_o for_o the_o convent_v and_o summon_v of_o any_o man_n before_o the_o judge_n great_a liberty_n be_v give_v by_o the_o law_n of_o etc._n by_o the_o civil_a law_n one_o may_v not_o convent_n a_o magistrate_n etc._n etc._n england_n than_o be_v ancient_o allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n a_o man_n may_v not_o convent_n a_o magistrate_n nor_o judge_n nor_o one_o that_o be_v marry_v a_o wife_n or_o a_o man_n that_o be_v perform_v the_o funeral_n of_o his_o friend_n or_o a_o man_n that_o be_v plead_v or_o follow_v his_o cause_n before_o a_o judge_n nee_n parentem_fw-la patronum_fw-la parent_n patroni_fw-la in_o jus_fw-la say_v the_o praetor_n sine_fw-la permissu_fw-la meo_fw-la ne_fw-la quis_fw-la vocet_fw-la but_o by_o the_o england_n none_o exempt_v from_o suit_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n law_n of_o england_n none_o be_v exempt_v from_o suit_n only_a duke_n earl_n baron_n and_o their_o wife_n be_v privilege_v that_o a_o man_n can_v attach_v or_o take_v their_o person_n by_o capias_fw-la both_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o nobility_n and_o because_o it_o be_v suppose_v they_o be_v never_o without_o some_o good_n or_o land_n which_o may_v satisfy_v the_o debt_n but_o if_o the_o action_n be_v against_o the_o crown_n and_o dignity_n or_o contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la then_o for_o their_o violence_n their_o body_n also_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o king_n writ_n the_o same_o law_n be_v of_o abbot_n and_o prior_n england_n the_o civil_a law_n allow_v more_o exemption_n from_o appear_v to_o suit_n than_o the_o law_n of_o england_n but_o the_o civil_a law_n allow_v a_o great_a liberty_n and_o say_v general_o eas_fw-la personas_fw-la quibus_fw-la reverentia_fw-la praestanda_fw-la est_fw-la sine_fw-la jussu_fw-la praetoris_fw-la in_o jus_fw-la vocare_fw-la non_fw-la licet_fw-la and_o yet_o although_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v more_o liberal_a in_o allow_v exemption_n from_o citation_n and_o summon_v of_o person_n to_o appear_v than_o be_v our_o law_n of_o england_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v difference_n betwixt_o these_o law_n in_o the_o form_n of_o suit_n and_o plead_n upon_o divers_a process_n wherein_o these_o two_o law_n may_v perhaps_o correct_v each_o other_o whereof_o but_o a_o touch_n shall_v be_v give_v at_o this_o time_n and_o it_o may_v be_v more_o shall_v be_v say_v at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o tract_n when_o the_o remedy_n and_o redress_v of_o some_o thing_n conceive_v to_o be_v amiss_o in_o our_o law_n shall_v be_v speak_v of_o the_o second_o point_n concern_v the_o plead_v the_o second_o difference_n in_o the_o form_n of_o plead_v difference_n betwixt_o our_o law_n of_o england_n and_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v in_o the_o form_n of_o plead_v and_o diversity_n of_o process_n for_o the_o first_o which_o be_v the_o form_n of_o plead_v only_o they_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o both_o the_o law_n have_v have_v a_o special_a respect_n of_o nice_a observation_n and_o also_o have_v endure_v alteration_n in_o plead_v for_o first_o the_o civil_a law_n after_o that_o in_o rome_n the_o decemviri_fw-la have_v get_v the_o law_n of_o the_o 12_o table_n and_o that_o interpretation_n grow_v frequent_a upon_o they_o than_o say_v pomponius_n exit_fw-la his_fw-la legibus_fw-la eodem_fw-la fere_n tempore_fw-la actiones_fw-la compositae_fw-la sunt_fw-la quibus_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la homines_fw-la disceptarent_fw-la quas_fw-la actiones_fw-la ne_fw-la populus_fw-la ut_fw-la vellet_fw-la institueret_fw-la certas_fw-la solennesque_fw-la esse_fw-la voluerunt_fw-la &_o appellata_fw-la haec_fw-la pars_fw-la juris_fw-la legis_fw-la actiones_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la legitimae_fw-la actiones_fw-la and_o immediate_o after_o say_v he_o omnium_fw-la harum_fw-la interpretandi_fw-la scientia_fw-la &_o actiones_fw-la apud_fw-la collegium_fw-la pontificum_fw-la erant_fw-la etc._n etc._n afterward_o the_o action_n be_v as_o livy_n report_v and_o the_o book_n of_o they_o get_v by_o c._n flavius_n secretary_n to_o appius_n claudius_n be_v by_o he_o publish_v and_o so_o communicate_v to_o the_o common_a people_n for_o which_o they_o bestow_v on_o he_o the_o tribuneship_n and_o other_o magistracy_n they_o call_v that_o book_n jus_n civil_a flavianum_n like_a to_o which_o also_o sextus_n aelius_n frame_v another_o which_o be_v call_v after_o his_o name_n jus_fw-la aelianum_fw-la these_o formulae_fw-la juris_fw-la be_v use_v very_o strict_o for_o say_v wesenbechius_n olim_fw-la ut_fw-la omne_fw-la ordine_fw-la &_o recte_fw-la procederent_fw-la &_o ne_fw-la temere_fw-la sineque_fw-la causa_fw-la quis_fw-la ad_fw-la jurgia_fw-la &_o light_n conudaret_n impetrandum_fw-la erat_fw-la à _fw-la praetore_fw-la judicium_fw-la qui_fw-la actori_fw-la postulatam_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la actionem_fw-la impertiebatur_fw-la &_o formulam_fw-la agendi_fw-la disceptandique_fw-la pedaneo_fw-la judici_fw-la &_o litigatoribus_fw-la praescribebat_fw-la so_o that_o then_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o planitiffe_n do_v get_v his_o form_n of_o plead_v from_o the_o judge_n or_o praetor_n which_o be_v afterward_o upon_o experience_n of_o inconvenience_n alter_v by_o the_o rescript_n of_o constantine_n which_o justinian_n have_v put_v in_o his_o code_n likewise_o theodosius_n and_o valentinian_n have_v do_v the_o same_o but_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o plead_n of_o our_o common_a law_n be_v that_o at_o no_o time_n be_v the_o law_n a_o strict_a form_n of_o plead_v require_v but_o not_o particular_o prescribe_v by_o our_o law_n plaintiff_n tie_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n to_o receive_v his_o whole_a form_n of_o plead_v from_o the_o judge_n although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o he_o be_v require_v to_o set_v down_o a_o strict_a form_n of_o plead_v according_a to_o the_o law_n upon_o his_o own_o peril_n also_o another_o difference_n there_o be_v in_o law_n different_a form_n of_o plead_v in_o our_o own_o law_n in_o several_a court_n and_o much_o more_o betwixt_o both_o the_o law_n the_o form_n of_o plead_v betwixt_o these_o two_o law_n first_o that_o our_o form_n of_o plead_v do_v differ_v according_a to_o the_o different_a form_n of_o plead_n and_o declaration_n in_o several_a court_n which_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v not_o second_o and_o particular_o the_o form_n of_o plead_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v in_o all_o action_n personal_a because_o they_o do_v ex_fw-la obligatione_fw-la tanquam_fw-la causa_fw-la proxima_fw-la competere_fw-la actoribus_fw-la in_o the_o libel_n you_o must_v express_v the_o remote_a cause_n and_o not_o only_o the_o next_o cause_n as_o for_o example_n i_o lend_v money_n to_o titius_n now_o i_o may_v have_v a_o action_n against_o he_o for_o it_o the_o remote_a cause_n be_v the_o lend_n the_o next_o and_o immediate_a of_o the_o action_n be_v the_o obligatio_fw-la as_o they_o call_v it_o now_o if_o i_o libel_v against_o titius_n if_o i_o say_v ago_o ad_fw-la decem_fw-la ad_fw-la quae_fw-la titius_n est_fw-la mihi_fw-la obligatus_fw-la this_o be_v naught_o say_v minsinger_n show_v it_o out_o of_o other_o cause_n the_o civil_a law_n in_o personal_a action_n do_v express_v the_o remote_a cause_n in_o the_o libel_n but_o in_o real_a action_n the_o next_o cause_n authority_n because_o the_o remote_a cause_n be_v not_o in_o the_o libel_n but_o if_o that_o have_v be_v in_o alone_a that_o have_v be_v good_a as_o mutuam_fw-la titio_fw-la decem_fw-la peâ—o_fw-la eum_fw-la condemnari_fw-la but_o in_o real_a action_n they_o go_v inversa_fw-la via_fw-la put_v in_o always_o the_o next_o cause_n but_o not_o of_o neccessity_n the_o remote_a but_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o advocate_n as_o peto_z fundum_fw-la istum_fw-la à _fw-la sempronio_fw-la quia_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la sum_fw-la dominus_fw-la fundi_fw-la here_o the_o dominium_fw-la be_v the_o causa_fw-la proxima_fw-la and_o if_o the_o advocate_n dare_v venture_v it_o he_o may_v say_v also_o sum_fw-la dominus_fw-la quia_fw-la emi_fw-it where_o the_o remote_a cause_n be_v also_o contain_v a_o very_a nice_a difference_n which_o be_v not_o exact_v in_o the_o form_n of_o plead_n action_n how_o in_o our_o law_n the_o remote_a and_o next_o cause_n be_v both_o express_v in_o all_o action_n in_o our_o law_n but_o it_o be_v usual_a with_o we_o that_o in_o every_o man_n real_a personal_a and_o mix_v action_n the_o causa_fw-la propanqua_fw-la and_o remota_fw-la be_v both_o put_v in_o the_o declaration_n yet_o so_o that_o in_o the_o common_a plea_n in_o the_o writ_n common_o be_v express_v the_o next_o cause_n and_o in_o the_o declaration_n which_o contain_v the_o writ_n also_o the_o remote_a cause_n but_o in_o some_o the_o writ_n do_v contain_v the_o other_o as_o in_o waist_n the_o writ_n quare_fw-la fecit_fw-la vastum_fw-la in_o terris_fw-la quas_fw-la tenuit_fw-la ex_fw-la dimissione_n ad_fw-la exhaereditationemâ—_n here_o be_v the_o remote_a cause_n but_o in_o action_n of_o debt_n praecipe_fw-la quod_fw-la reddat_fw-la vj._n libr._n quas_fw-la debet_fw-la here_o be_v the_o next_o cause_n and_o the_o declaration_n contain_v the_o remote_a as_o contract_n bargain_n etc._n etc._n neither_o be_v there_o any_o
with_o we_o but_o where_o by_o our_o law_n we_o do_v not_o admit_v that_o beast_n for_o the_o plough_n shall_v be_v take_v upon_o elegit_fw-la facias_fw-la which_o be_v constitute_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o second_o although_o that_o be_v refer_v by_o polydore_n to_o mulmusius_n law_n therein_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n agree_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o code_n so_o that_o we_o show_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o judgement_n there_o be_v some_o difference_n even_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n itself_o according_a to_o the_o alteration_n of_o time_n at_o the_o first_o far_o more_o severe_a but_o in_o the_o end_n much_o more_o mild_a and_o also_o by_o these_o forementioned_a example_n there_o be_v difference_n betwixt_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o our_o law_n of_o england_n in_o the_o execution_n person_n the_o civil_a law_n differ_v from_o itself_o in_o different_a time_n for_o execution_n on_o man_n person_n of_o their_o judgement_n many_o more_o difference_n may_v be_v find_v both_o in_o this_o and_o in_o the_o other_o forename_a point_n betwixt_o both_o the_o law_n if_o time_n do_v serve_v or_o be_v require_v to_o search_v and_o set_v down_o the_o same_o but_o this_o may_v suffice_v as_o a_o taste_n for_o this_o time_n and_o purpose_n chap._n iu._n a_o answer_n to_o certain_a objection_n usual_o make_v against_o the_o law_n of_o england_n by_o way_n of_o imputation_n or_o indeed_o of_o scandal_n there_o be_v usual_o among_o other_o these_o objection_n make_v against_o our_o law_n of_o england_n 1._o that_o they_o be_v write_v in_o a_o barbarous_a speech_n even_o to_o scholar_n unknown_a or_o not_o understand_v 2._o that_o they_o be_v frame_v without_o method_n or_o order_n 3._o that_o they_o have_v no_o maxim_n or_o fundamental_a ground_n whereon_o they_o consist_v or_o at_o the_o least_o not_o such_o as_o be_v certain_a 4._o that_o the_o judge_n opinion_n which_o may_v be_v extend_v according_a to_o humane_a affection_n do_v make_v or_o alter_v the_o law_n so_o that_o it_o consist_v not_o say_v they_o in_o scrinio_fw-la principis_fw-la that_o be_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o state_n but_o in_o scrinio_fw-la pectoris_fw-la of_o the_o judge_n the_o key_n whereof_o the_o judge_n may_v alter_v and_o by_o a_o new_a lock_n fasten_v on_o make_v a_o way_n to_o come_v at_o unheard_a of_o reason_n according_a to_o his_o own_o conceit_n which_o must_v be_v admit_v for_o law_n at_o the_o least_o for_o the_o time_n for_o the_o first_o objection_n i_o conceive_v it_o to_o flow_v rather_o from_o some_o sudden_a mislike_n before_o the_o matter_n be_v understand_v or_o else_o some_o quaint_a and_o dainty_a palate_n who_o distaste_v all_o thing_n be_v the_o matter_n never_o so_o sound_a and_o substantial_a which_o do_v not_o savour_n of_o perfume_a eloquence_n and_o polish_a phrase_n of_o rhetoric_n than_o upon_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o language_n itself_o for_o although_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o the_o speech_n and_o phrase_n wherein_o our_o law_n be_v write_v be_v rude_a and_o unpolished_a in_o respect_n that_o no_o nation_n speak_v it_o as_o it_o be_v now_o write_v and_o that_o the_o same_o nation_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v derive_v can_v understand_v it_o precise_o without_o instruction_n yet_o that_o it_o be_v simple_o barbarous_a or_o that_o thereby_o the_o law_n receive_v any_o disgrace_n may_v well_o be_v deny_v for_o first_o admitting_z there_o be_v no_o other_o aid_n in_o the_o defence_n hereof_o than_o that_o which_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n cook_n have_v in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o three_o book_n of_o report_n siquidem_fw-la relationum_fw-la istarum_fw-la phrasis_n aut_fw-la stylus_fw-la tibi_fw-la minus_fw-la arrideat_fw-la ut_fw-la rei_fw-la ipsius_fw-la subjectae_fw-la praestantia_fw-la atque_fw-la utilitas_fw-la &_o delectet_fw-la &_o satisfaciat_fw-la vnde_fw-la fiat_fw-la ut_fw-la totum_fw-la te_fw-la admirabili_fw-la plane_n dulcedini_fw-la cogitationis_fw-la atque_fw-la scientiae_fw-la dedas_fw-la &_o addices_fw-la admit_v that_o this_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o defence_n sure_o we_o alone_o shall_v not_o be_v drive_v to_o this_o shift_n to_o praise_v only_o the_o matter_n and_o to_o reject_v or_o omit_v compliment_n of_o form_n for_o let_v the_o opponent_n herein_o but_o view_n other_o faculty_n which_o they_o that_o profess_v those_o faculty_n will_v have_v to_o excel_v either_o of_o the_o law_n multis_fw-la parasangis_fw-la observe_v law_n other_o art_n write_v in_o as_o ill_a stile_n and_o phrase_n as_o be_v our_o law_n but_o the_o excellent_a part_n of_o the_o mix_a mathematics_n as_o judicial_a astrology_n it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v but_o some_o nay_o most_o of_o their_o ancient_a author_n especial_o which_o write_v in_o latin_a do_v by_o their_o barbarism_n in_o the_o roman_a tongue_n equal_a the_o worst_a seem_a solecism_n in_o our_o common_a law_n witness_v hereof_o haly_n ben_n rodan_n his_o comment_n upon_o the_o quadripartite_a of_o ptolemy_n in_o latin_a to_o who_o may_v be_v add_v guido_n bonatus_fw-la most_o especial_o with_o alchabitius_n and_o johannes_n de_fw-fr saxonia_n his_o paraphrase_n upon_o he_o it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v that_o a_o plead_n in_o westminster-hall_n for_o latin_a or_o a_o case_n argue_v in_o a_o private_a inn_n of_o court_n moot_v for_o french_a shall_v respective_o in_o many_o phrase_n and_o good_a word_n exceed_v most_o of_o these_o author_n nay_o in_o this_o art_n the_o best_a tongue_a author_n namely_o julius_n firmious_a be_v account_v the_o stile_n the_o best_a author_n in_o some_o art_n write_v the_o worst_a phrase_n and_o stile_n worst_a artist_n how_o many_o latin_a phrase_n or_o word_n be_v there_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o side_n of_o a_o leaf_n in_o any_o of_o the_o chief_a and_o ancient_a school_n divine_v who_o respect_v not_o the_o language_n but_o the_o point_n of_o learning_n which_o they_o handle_v neither_o in_o this_o or_o almost_o in_o any_o other_o study_n do_v the_o language_n add_v to_o the_o art_n see_v that_o as_o the_o ancient_a hieroglyphical_a note_n to_o express_v word_n and_o syllable_n be_v add_v only_o as_o instrument_n of_o memory_n and_o tradition_n and_o in_o other_o art_n the_o voces_fw-la secundae_fw-la intentionis_fw-la as_o the_o logician_n call_v they_o art_n term_n of_o art_n do_v not_o give_v grace_n but_o help_v to_o learn_v the_o art_n be_v the_o term_n of_o art_n give_v no_o grace_n to_o the_o study_n or_o language_n but_o only_o help_v to_o learn_v the_o art_n whereof_o they_o be_v write_v therefore_o the_o language_n be_v but_o a_o instrument_n to_o the_o science_n which_o it_o contain_v and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o table_n wherein_o be_v picture_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n so_o the_o civilian_n say_v tabula_fw-la picturae_fw-la cedit_fw-la and_o yet_o most_o modern_a language_n nay_o in_o a_o manner_n all_o have_v be_v force_v to_o borrow_v from_o other_o most_o language_n force_v to_o borrow_v word_n of_o other_o other_o word_n and_o name_n especial_o of_o art_n and_o invention_n neither_o can_v the_o lofty_a style_v greek_a or_o the_o more_o penurious_a yet_o pleasant_a latin_a name_v all_o thing_n in_o their_o own_o language_n according_a to_o their_o proper_a nature_n except_o they_o participate_v of_o the_o hebrew_n which_o do_v name_n thing_n according_a to_o their_o nature_n but_o that_o can_v be_v do_v by_o any_o other_o language_n so_o full_o beside_o all_o this_o it_o may_v be_v show_v that_o the_o speech_n wherein_o the_o law_n be_v write_v be_v not_o to_o be_v so_o much_o dislike_v in_o svo_fw-la genere_fw-la for_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o history_n of_o ancient_a time_n that_o when_o the_o norman_n come_v hither_o the_o french_a the_o conqueror_n command_v the_o plead_n and_o statute_n to_o be_v do_v in_o french_a plead_n of_o law_n statutes_n and_o such_o like_a thing_n be_v command_v to_o be_v all_o in_o french_a so_o say_v the_o abbot_n of_o croyland_n normani_fw-la enim_fw-la ipsum_fw-la idioma_fw-la tantum_fw-la abhorrebant_fw-la quod_fw-la leges_fw-la terrae_fw-la statutaque_fw-la anglicorum_n regum_fw-la lingua_fw-la gallica_n tractarentur_fw-la &_o pveris_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o scholis_fw-la principia_fw-la literarum_fw-la grammaticarum_fw-la gallicè_fw-la &_o non_fw-la anglicè_fw-la traderentur_fw-la whereupon_o as_o it_o appear_v our_o statute_n which_o be_v extant_a especial_o those_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o his_o time_n though_o not_o all_o edward_z the_o second_o edward_z the_o three_o and_o so_o forward_o be_v the_o report_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o responsa_fw-la prudentum_fw-la among_o the_o roman_n take_v and_o publish_v in_o french_a which_o then_o be_v not_o account_v barbarous_a for_o in_o likelihood_n it_o be_v the_o same_o language_n which_o at_o the_o first_o be_v speak_v among_o the_o norman_n and_o so_o be_v all_o plea_n at_o the_o bar_n plead_v in_o french_a until_o the_o 36._o of_o edward_n the_o 3._o which_o although_o it_o
call_v by_o that_o name_n imitate_v the_o ancient_a druid_n of_o this_o land_n but_o yet_o go_v far_o than_o they_o who_o follow_v the_o pythagorean_n do_v not_o commit_v their_o learning_n to_o write_v or_o rather_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o by_o the_o institution_n of_o lycurgus_n hold_v all_o law_n not_o write_v who_o as_o plutarch_n report_v exiguos_fw-la illos_fw-la &_o pecuniarios_fw-la contractus_fw-la quique_fw-la propter_fw-la usum_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la subinde_fw-la immutantur_fw-la praestare_fw-la censebat_fw-la scriptis_fw-la legibus_fw-la non_fw-la comprehendi_fw-la neque_fw-la immobilibus_fw-la consuetudinibus_fw-la illigari_fw-la sed_fw-la permittendum_fw-la ut_fw-la pro_fw-la ratione_fw-la temporis_fw-la augerentur_fw-la diminuerentúrve_v secundum_fw-la probe_n institutorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la yet_o our_o law_n do_v not_o give_v so_o much_o liberty_n to_o the_o judge_n but_o yet_o not_o only_a politician_n and_o moralist_n but_o also_o the_o civil_a lawyer_n do_v permit_v that_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n the_o constitution_n of_o prince_n be_v to_o be_v interpret_v according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o magistrate_n and_o judge_n sometime_o mitigate_v and_o according_a to_o incident_a diversity_n interpret_v which_o can_v be_v always_o commit_v to_o writing_n for_o it_o can_v be_v always_o the_o same_o and_o this_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v wish_v than_o to_o be_v hope_v for_o in_o our_o law_n and_o i_o will_v that_o he_o which_o find_v this_o fault_n can_v find_v a_o remedy_n and_o prescribe_v the_o reformation_n controversy_n and_o ambiguity_n be_v so_o frequent_v not_o only_o in_o this_o but_o in_o all_o science_n art_n and_o profession_n that_o every_o day_n new_a particular_n question_n new_a particular_n breed_v new_a question_n be_v subject_n of_o new_a question_n especial_o in_o the_o law_n which_o spring_n out_o of_o the_o intricate_a form_n of_o new_a conveyance_n and_o such_o like_a invention_n of_o man_n and_o so_o long_o as_o man_n see_v but_o in_o aenigmate_fw-la and_o per_fw-la speculum_fw-la as_o the_o divine_n say_v of_o the_o knowledge_n science_n how_o uncertain_a man_n knowledge_n be_v in_o divine_a thing_n and_o in_o other_o science_n of_o god_n and_o so_o long_o as_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o perspective_n that_o which_o be_v see_v by_o reflection_n or_o refraction_n be_v never_o see_v in_o or_o according_a to_o his_o true_a place_n so_o long_o and_o in_o such_o sort_n we_o must_v look_v for_o controversy_n and_o ambiguity_n in_o all_o profession_n which_o be_v indeed_o not_o so_o much_o or_o so_o sensible_o feel_v in_o any_o art_n as_o in_o the_o law_n because_o none_o other_o go_v so_o near_o man_n estate_n nothing_o go_v so_o near_o to_o man_n thought_n as_o their_o loss_n of_o estate_n inward_a thought_n and_o conceit_n as_o such_o do_v whereon_o their_o estate_n and_o possession_n be_v adventure_v therefore_o loser_n may_v have_v leave_n to_o speak_v but_o not_o untruth_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o book_n write_v of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n whereby_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o be_v chief_o obtain_v the_o chief_a knowledge_n by_o study_n law_n three_o sort_n of_o writer_n of_o our_o law_n of_o our_o law_n do_v consist_v in_o the_o work_v of_o they_o which_o have_v write_v of_o the_o law_n and_o they_o be_v of_o 3_o sort_n 1._o the_o first_o whereof_o set_v down_o the_o art_n and_o rule_n of_o the_o same_o in_o a_o certain_a method_n such_o as_o be_v glanvill_n bracton_n and_o britton_n who_o be_v ancient_a author_n write_v in_o latin_a and_o do_v endeavour_v to_o reduce_v those_o rule_n according_a to_o the_o title_n of_o the_o civil-lawe_n but_o most_o especial_o bracton_n though_o these_o be_v ancient_a author_n yet_o they_o be_v now_o cite_v rather_o for_o ornament_n than_o for_o authority_n 2._o other_o have_v write_v of_o the_o writ_n writer_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o precedent_n of_o writ_n precedent_n rule_n and_o nature_n of_o writ_n which_o do_v lay_v the_o ground_n of_o every_o action_n to_o procure_v judgement_n and_o execution_n thereon_o as_o the_o book_n of_o entry_n with_o the_o register_n and_o the_o two_o book_n ground_v thereupon_o in_o this_o fitz-herbert_a have_v deserve_v special_o well_o 3._o a_o three_o sort_n of_o writer_n of_o our_o case_n reporter_n of_o former_a judge_v case_n law_n there_o be_v which_o be_v those_o who_o write_v the_o particular_a and_o summary_n case_n that_o have_v receive_v determination_n and_o sentence_n in_o the_o king_n be_v jucicial_a court_n show_v how_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n be_v apply_v to_o those_o case_n or_o rather_o how_o these_o case_n be_v reduce_v to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n both_o by_o the_o counsellor_n that_o argue_v the_o same_o on_o both_o side_n with_o probable_a reason_n confirm_v their_o opinion_n with_o authority_n of_o former_a judgement_n and_o also_o the_o judge_n conclude_v their_o sentence_n upon_o the_o same_o by_o the_o common_a square_n of_o reason_n and_o rule_n they_o have_v learn_v of_o the_o forego_n learned_a judge_n of_o this_o year-book_n it_o be_v not_o know_v who_o compile_v the_o first_o annales_n and_o ancient_a year-book_n latter_a sort_n of_o writer_n call_v reporter_n who_o they_o be_v that_o compile_v the_o first_o and_o most_o ancient_a book_n of_o report_n be_v not_o certain_a for_o we_o have_v not_o their_o name_n but_o since_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o there_o be_v some_o work_n and_o report_v write_v of_o every_o king_n reign_n for_o before_o his_o time_n we_o have_v not_o any_o volume_n at_o large_a now_o leave_v and_o if_o any_o such_o be_v they_o be_v consume_v through_o the_o injury_n want_v divers_a ancient_a year-book_n want_v of_o time_n or_o neglect_v or_o malice_n of_o such_o in_o who_o custody_n they_o remain_v yet_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 8._o there_o be_v some_o more_o ancient_a book_n or_o report_n of_o the_o law_n case_n extant_a report_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 3._o and_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o edw._n the_o second_o for_o that_o fitz-herbert_a extant_a some_o case_n abridge_v of_o the_o book_n now_o not_o extant_a who_o do_v reduce_v all_o the_o case_n of_o the_o report_n that_o be_v extant_a in_o his_o time_n under_o certain_a general_a head_n and_o brook_n likewise_o who_o a_o little_a after_o he_o do_v set_v forth_o another_o abridgement_n of_o the_o law_n and_o case_n extant_a in_o his_o time_n add_v more_o general_a head_n than_o fitz-herbert_a have_v do_v yet_o both_o of_o they_o under_o divers_a of_o their_o title_n abridge_v the_o pith_n of_o sundry_a case_n argue_v and_o most_o of_o they_o adjudge_v in_o those_o king_n reign_v howbeit_o the_o volume_n at_o large_a be_v not_o extant_a not_o we_o have_v now_o e._n 2._o and_o r._n 2._o what_o year-book_n be_v yet_o extant_a now_o extant_a but_o of_o the_o case_n which_o be_v adjudge_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n the_o three_o there_o be_v four_o volume_n now_o extant_a of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o his_o time_n there_o be_v not_o any_o volume_n but_o many_o case_n abridge_v as_o aforesaid_a of_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n quinto_fw-la long_n quinto_fw-la the_o four_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o there_o be_v no_o volume_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o sixth_o there_o be_v two_o great_a volume_n of_o king_n edw._n the_o four_o one_o volume_n one_o volume_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o in_o the_o late_a end_n of_o who_o reign_n the_o report_n do_v discontinue_v until_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o and_o then_o they_o be_v recontinue_a until_o the_o nineteenth_o of_o henry_n the_o eight_o from_o thence_o again_o discontinue_v till_o the_o twenty_o sixth_o of_o henry_n the_o eight_o at_o which_o time_n they_o be_v hold_v on_o for_o two_o year_n that_o be_v twenty_o sixth_o and_o twenty_o seven_o of_o henry_n the_o eight_o which_o be_v the_o last_o report_n which_o we_o have_v save_v such_o as_o since_o have_v be_v revive_v by_o three_o or_o four_o worthy_a man_n who_o private_a and_o voluntary_a diligence_n have_v for_o the_o public_a good_a continue_a sundry_a report_n such_o as_o mr._n kellaway_n who_o report_v private_o certain_a case_n in_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o his_o time_n this_o book_n and_o labour_n be_v now_o come_v to_o light_v by_o mr._n justice_n crook_n his_o care_n and_o charge_n also_o mr._n brooke_n who_o do_v report_v diverse_a memorable_a case_n which_o happen_v when_o he_o be_v make_v of_o his_o abridgement_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o king_n edward_z the_o six_o and_o queen_n mary_n report_v they_o under_o apt_a title_n in_o his_o abridgement_n then_o my_o lord_n dyer_n who_o when_o case_n of_o the_o late_a report_n of_o judge_v case_n he_o be_v a_o student_n a_o practicioner_n and_o a_o judge_n observe_v many_o famous_a case_n which_o be_v publish_v
a_o more_o special_a oath_n may_v be_v hold_v as_o requisite_a that_o the_o juror_n have_v a_o more_o special_a and_o particular_a oath_n when_o they_o be_v summon_v and_o do_v appear_v but_o before_o they_o be_v swear_v of_o the_o jury_n to_o know_v whether_o they_o have_v be_v forestall_v by_o information_n or_o persuasion_n as_o well_o as_o that_o they_o will_v give_v their_o verdict_n without_o any_o particular_a respect_n to_o either_o side_n for_o it_o be_v like_a they_o will_v make_v more_o conscience_n be_v examine_v upon_o their_o oath_n before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o trial_n than_o after_o when_o they_o have_v sudden_o swallow_v the_o oath_n without_o public_a examination_n of_o the_o justice_n upon_o oath_n or_o particular_a and_o private_a of_o their_o own_o conscience_n by_o this_o oath_n and_o although_o there_o be_v good_a provision_n already_o take_v by_o our_o law_n that_o exception_n and_o challenge_n may_v be_v take_v upon_o reasonable_a and_o just_a cause_n allow_v by_o the_o law_n yet_o since_o this_o can_v be_v certain_o know_v who_o be_v labour_v and_o deal_v withal_o beforehand_o but_o by_o the_o examination_n of_o a_o man_n conscience_n upon_o a_o man_n own_o oath_n i_o be_o persuade_v that_o this_o will_v prevent_v many_o corruption_n in_o trial_n by_o jury_n whereunto_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v draw_v by_o solicitation_n of_o friend_n promise_v of_o reward_n or_o fear_v of_o displeasure_n and_o it_o will_v take_v away_o the_o scandal_n lay_v upon_o the_o trial_n of_o juries_n which_o as_o it_o be_v different_a from_o the_o course_n of_o other_o law_n so_o be_v well_o look_v to_o by_o these_o and_o the_o like_a caution_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o it_o be_v a_o most_o excellent_a kind_n of_o trial_n especial_o in_o matter_n of_o fact_n whereunto_o it_o be_v principal_o apply_v and_o be_v thus_o exact_o execute_v i_o will_v be_v bold_a to_o say_v that_o it_o excel_v the_o trial_n of_o all_o other_o law_n and_o be_v one_o of_o the_o worthy_a part_n of_o proceed_n in_o our_o law_n whatsoever_o some_o calumniator_n have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a whereof_o he_o that_o shall_v desire_v to_o be_v far_o satisfy_v may_v find_v it_o full_o demonstrate_v in_o that_o noble_a and_o learned_a chancellor_n of_o england_n fortescue_n his_o book_n touch_v the_o other_o point_n wherein_o there_o may_v be_v some_o prejudice_n in_o sincerity_n touch_v the_o judge_n sincerity_n the_o trial_n of_o suit_n for_o want_n of_o sincerity_n in_o the_o judge_n although_o there_o be_v at_o this_o time_n as_o reverend_a upright_a and_o learned_a judge_n as_o have_v be_v at_o any_o time_n within_o this_o kingdom_n yet_o that_o among_o they_o there_o have_v be_v always_o some_o who_o may_v be_v sometime_o lead_v by_o affection_n or_o by_o some_o other_o private_a respect_n may_v not_o be_v deny_v unless_o we_o shall_v think_v that_o they_o all_o and_o every_o of_o they_o have_v more_o privilege_n of_o not_o cr_v or_o of_o not_o affect_v like_v or_o dislike_n than_o either_o any_o other_o judge_n or_o man_n of_o any_o other_o profession_n in_o the_o world_n be_v induce_v withal_o therefore_o as_o a_o great_a prince_n be_v content_a nay_o do_v command_v that_o every_o day_n one_o shall_v come_v into_o his_o chamber_n and_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o to_o tell_v he_o these_o word_n remember_v that_o thou_o be_v a_o mortal_a man._n in_o like_a sort_n it_o be_v a_o thing_n fit_a to_o be_v consider_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o convenient_a that_o the_o judge_n every_o term_n and_o at_o every_o assize_n or_o at_o oath_n a_o addition_n to_o the_o judge_n oath_n least_o once_o every_o year_n shall_v public_o in_o court_n and_o in_o open_a audience_n of_o the_o people_n take_v a_o oath_n that_o they_o have_v not_o receive_v nor_o will_v receive_v any_o gift_n or_o reward_n or_o promise_v of_o reward_n for_o their_o favour_n in_o any_o cause_n hear_v or_o to_o be_v hear_v before_o they_o nor_o will_v for_o favour_n fear_v or_o affection_n incline_v to_o either_o party_n otherwise_o than_o as_o the_o very_a truth_n of_o the_o matter_n shall_v move_v nor_o shall_v receive_v private_a information_n message_n or_o letter_n of_o recommendation_n to_o draw_v they_o aside_o from_o sincerity_n or_o to_o show_v favour_n to_o any_o party_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v speedy_o make_v know_v the_o same_o in_o open_a court_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o judge_n shall_v be_v less_o importune_v by_o man_n of_o power_n and_o shall_v keep_v their_o conscience_n clear_a and_o unspotted_a if_o the_o like_a oath_n be_v give_v to_o the_o etc._n a_o mean_n for_o the_o judge_n to_o avoid_v importunity_n etc._n etc._n master_n of_o the_o chancery_n who_o in_o some_o case_n and_o at_o some_o time_n do_v sit_v as_o judge_n and_o most_o common_o by_o their_o report_n do_v much_o guide_v and_o direct_v the_o decree_n in_o that_o court_n it_o may_v perchance_o avoid_v much_o imputation_n to_o themselves_o and_o prejudice_n to_o other_o but_o against_o this_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o there_o will_v be_v many_o objection_n make_v as_o first_o that_o this_o oath_n be_v new_a judge_n objection_n against_o give_v the_o oath_n to_o the_o judge_n and_o so_o often_o take_v will_v argue_v distrust_n in_o the_o uprightness_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o disgrace_n not_o only_o unto_o they_o but_o to_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o sit_v and_o consequent_o a_o imputation_n to_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o realm_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v trust_v upon_o a_o oath_n as_o christian_n ought_v to_o be_v in_o other_o case_n and_o next_o that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o impeachment_n of_o reputation_n to_o all_o former_a judgement_n and_o judge_n who_o be_v not_o tie_v with_o so_o strict_a a_o band._n and_o therefore_o if_o this_o be_v now_o necessary_a then_o be_v they_o in_o former_a time_n let_v go_v with_o too_o long_a reins_n of_o liberty_n and_o of_o looseness_n that_o which_o may_v be_v answer_v to_o objection_n answ_n to_o these_o objection_n these_o objection_n be_v this_o first_o that_o this_o new_a more_o strict_a and_o frequent_a oath_n do_v not_o so_o much_o argue_v distrust_n in_o the_o judge_n as_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o their_o duty_n no_o more_o than_o the_o often_o call_v of_o a_o steward_n or_o other_o great_a officer_n to_o a_o strict_a and_o often_o account_n do_v presuppose_v that_o his_o faith_n be_v always_o doubt_v nay_o it_o be_v the_o best_a mean_n for_o his_o discharge_n which_o most_o wise_a and_o honest_a man_n do_v much_o desire_n and_o so_o in_o this_o case_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o this_o oath_n thus_o take_v be_v the_o strong_a argument_n that_o may_v be_v to_o free_v the_o judge_n from_o suspicion_n of_o corruption_n whereto_o they_o may_v many_o time_n be_v subject_a causeless_o for_o what_o man_n of_o any_o charitable_a and_o reasonable_a consideration_n will_v conceive_v but_o that_o he_o that_o be_v more_o often_o and_o strict_o swear_v to_o do_v his_o duty_n will_v be_v more_o careful_a to_o discharge_v it_o than_o he_o who_o but_o once_o in_o his_o life_n receive_v that_o oath_n and_o for_o some_o part_n of_o this_o oath_n it_o be_v such_o that_o no_o judge_n of_o this_o land_n have_v be_v former_o swear_v unto_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v such_o as_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o both_o wise_a and_o learned_a be_v hold_v most_o necessary_a for_o the_o other_o objection_n that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o disgrace_n to_o their_o place_n and_o to_o precedent_a judge_n and_o judgement_n that_o these_o be_v often_o and_o more_o strict_o swear_v than_o be_v former_a judge_n divers_a do_v deem_v that_o neither_o of_o these_o consequent_n will_v ensue_v one_o reason_n be_v that_o if_o this_o oath_n be_v a_o disgrace_n to_o precedent_n or_o to_o present_a judge_n then_o the_o like_a will_v ensue_v that_o a_o oath_n take_v by_o a_o bishop_n of_o this_o land_n not_o long_o since_o of_o his_o clearness_n from_o simony_n and_o from_o give_v any_o thing_n for_o his_o bishopric_n will_v be_v a_o disgrace_n to_o he_o or_o to_o his_o predecessor_n who_o have_v not_o take_v the_o like_a oath_n before_o yet_o i_o think_v no_o man_n will_v conclude_v so_o but_o rather_o that_o this_o be_v a_o worthy_a precedent_n fit_a to_o be_v follow_v and_o to_o be_v leave_v unto_o posterity_n also_o it_o may_v be_v say_v the_o more_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n that_o do_v increase_v as_o indeed_o they_o do_v daily_o the_o more_o caution_n be_v to_o be_v use_v and_o the_o more_o care_n to_o be_v enjoin_v unto_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o trial_n of_o they_o second_o the_o former_a judge_n follow_v the_o oath_n which_o be_v give_v they_o and_o therefore_o no_o disgrace_n to_o they_o that_o