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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54990	A description of the province of New Albion and a direction for adventurers with small stock to get two for one, and good land freely, and for gentlemen, and all servants, labourers, and artificers to live plentifully : and a former description re-printed of the healthiest, pleasantest, and richest plantation of New Albion in north Virginia, proved by thirteen witnesses : together with a letter from Master Robert Evelin, that lived there many years, shewing the particularities, and excellency thereof : with a briefe of the charge of victuall, and necessaries, to transport and buy stock for each planter, or labourer, there to get his master 50 l. per annum, or more in twelve trades, and at 10 l. charges onely a man.	Plantagenet, Beauchamp.; Evelyn, Robert, 17th cent.	1648 (1648)	Wing P2378; ESTC R10729	28,128	32

when the Spaniard and Portugall discovered and possest 140 years since the East-Indies Brasill the South part of America the Charibees and Antell Isles and seated Saint Iohn de porto Rico Hispanicla Iamaica and Cuba and the Fort and Port of Havanah against the Gulf and Current Batuana Isles and point of Florida then that most powerfull and richest King of Europe King Henry the seventh of England sent out an English man born in Bristoll called Cabot granted under his Great Seale to him all places and countries by him to be discovered and possest who then beginning at Cape Florida discovered entred on took possession set up crosses and procured atturnment and acknowledgement of the Indian Kings to his then Majesty as Head Lord and Emperour of the South-west America all along that coast both in Florida from 20 degrees to 35 where old Virginia in 35 and 30 minutes 65 years since was seated by 5 severall Colonies about Croatan Cape Haloraske and Rawleys Isle by Sir Walter Rawley who had from Queen Elizabeth that place and two hundred leagues from it in all places adjoyning Sir Richard Greenfield Sir Ralph Lane and Master White his partners s●ating and fortifying there the said Cabot farther taking possession in 37 of that part called Virginia and Chisapeack Bay being now his Majesties Demesne Colony of Virginia and of the next great Bay in or neer 39 called now by the Dutch Cape Henlopen the south river and by us Cape Iames and Delaware Bay of the Baron of Delawares name being then Governour of Virginia who by Sir Thomas Dale and Sir Samuel Argoll 40 yeares since took possession and atturnment of the Indian Kings and 60 years since Sir Walter Rawley seated and left 30 men and four peeces of Ordnance at the Creek neer Cape Iames by the Dutch called Horekill by us Ro●mont and by the Indians Cui Achomoca and so the next river by us called Hudsons river of the name of Hudson an English man the discoverer thirty five years since who sold his discovery plots and cards to the Dutch and so Cabot discovered severall rivers and countries all along the coast North-East now called New England and divided in nine severall Governments and further discovered Port Royall and that part called New Scotland set up Crosses where you may see in the French Book called New France the French found an old Crosse all mossy in an eminent place at the head of that Bay and Port and discovered all that coast and New-found-land and that called Terra de Laborador or New Britain as far as the frozen strait of Davis Shortly after one Master Hore in the Reign of King Henry the 8●● renued this actuall possession atturnment of the Indian Kings brought home divers of the chief Indian Kings to England who gave their Homage and Oath of fidelity for these countries to King Henry the eight in person sitting on his Throne in State in his Palace Hall at Westminster Then Virginia being granted settled and all that part now called Maryland New Albion and New Scotland being part of Virginia Sir Thomas Dale and Sir Samuel Argoll Captains and Counsellors of Virginia hearing of divers Aliens and Intruders and Traders without licence with a Vessell and forty soldiers landed at a place called Mount Desert in Nova Scotia neer S. Iohns river or Twede possest by the French there killed some French took away their Guns and dismantled the Fort and in their return landed at Manhatas Isle in Hudsons river where they found four houses built and a pretended Dutch Governour under the West-India Company of Amsterdam share or part who kept trading boats and trucking with the Indians but the said Knights told him their Commission was to expell him and all Aliens Intruders on his Majesties Dominion and Territories this being part of Virginia and this river an English discovery of Hudson and English man the Dutch man contented them for their charge and voiage and by his Letter sent to Virginia and recorded submitted himself Company and Plantation to his Majesty and to the Governour and government of Virginia but the next pretended Dutch Governour in Maps and printed Cards calling this part New Netherland failing in paying of customes at his return to Plymouth in England was there with his Bever goods and person attached to his damage of 1500 l. whereupon at the suit of the Governour and Councell of Virginia his now Majesty by his Embassadour in Holland cōplaining of the said Aliens intrusion on such his Territories Dominions the said Lords the States of Holland by their publique instrument declared That they did not avow nor would protect them being a private party of the Amsterdam West-India Company but left them to his Majesties wil mercy whereupon three severall Orders from the Councell Table and Commissions have been granted for the expelling and removing them thence of which they taking notice and knowing their weaknesse and want of victuals have offered to sell the same for 2500 l. And lastly taking advantage of our present war distractions now ask 7000 l. and have lately offered many affronts damages to his Majestis subjects in New England and in generall endanger all his Majesties adjoyning Countries most wickedly feloniously and traiterously contrary to the Marine and Admirall Laws of all Christians sell by whole sale guns powder shot and ammunition to the Indians instructing them in the use of our fights and arms insomuch as 2000 Indians by them armed Mohacks Raritans and some of Long Isle with their own guns so sold them fall into war with the Dutch destroyed all their scattering Farms and Boors in forcing them all to retire to their Up for t 40 leagues up that river and to Manhatas for all or most retreating to Manhatas it is now a pretty town of trade having more English then Dutch and it is very considerable that three years since Stuy their Governour put out his Declaration confessing that the neighbour English might well be offended with their selling Indians arms and ammunition but being but a few and so scattered they could not live else there or trade the Indians refusing to trade or suffer the Dutch to plow without they would sell them guns The like folly they committed and inconvenience to themselves and all English for eight years since in their West-India Fleet battered by the Spanish Armado they brought home forty Swedish poor soldiers and hearing that Captain Young and Master Evelin had given over their Fort begun at Eriwemeck within Delaware Bay there halfe starved and tottered they left them who learning the Indian language and finding much talk and trials of a gold mine there though in truth fifty shillings charges produced of that light sand but nine shillings in gold and therefore was of Captain Young that tried it slighted yet one Bogot under the Swedes name and Commission there traded to crosse the Dutch of Manhatas and to undersell them and left and seated there

eighteen Swedes who proclaiming a gold mine drew more to them and have gotten a great trade and now this last Summer fifteen Swedes and fifteene Dutch had a skirmish the Swedes pulled down a Dutch trading house and doe both undersell them and spoiled much their and English trading with the Indians both striving to please and side with the Indians both entertaining and refusing to return all English fugitives and servants The Swedes hiring out three of their souldiers to the Sasquehannock● have taught them the use of our arms and fights and marching with them into the Kings owne Colony of Virginia have caried thence the King of Pawtomeck prisoner and expelled his and eight other Indian Nations in Maryland civilized and subject to the English Crown Now if a Proclamation of open war be set out against the Dutch and Swedes for this their villany and all English forbid to trade victuall or relieve them they must both vanish especially if those bad English that live adhere and obey these Aliens in these his Majesties countries be warned of the statute of King Iames of famous memory in these words That all Subjects giving any obedience or acknowledgement to any forain Prince State Pope or Potentate within his Majesties Territories and Dominions in England or beyond the sea is a traitor and shall forfeit and suffer as a traitour And certainly all English and chiefly those of New England being ready in twenty four hours will joyn to expel them both to regain their own trade to get their seates and to be rid of the danger of armed gunning Indians CHAP. II. VVHereas that part of America or North Virginia lying about 39 degrees at Delaware Bay called the Province of new Albion is scituate in the best and same temper and as Italy between too cold Germany and too hot Barbary so this lying just midway betweene New England 200 miles North and Virginia 150 miles South where now are settled 800000 English and 140 ships in trade is freed from the extream cold and barrennesse of the one heat and aguish Marshes of the other is like Lumbardy and a rich fat soil plain and having 34 rivers on the main land 17 great Isles partaketh of the healthiest aire and most excellent commodities of Europe and replenished with the goodliest woods of Oaks and all Timber for ships and Masts Mulberries for silk sweet Cypresse Cedars Pines and Firres 4 sorts of Grapes for wine Raisins with the greatest variety of choice fruits fish fowl stored with all sons of corn yeelding 5 7 and 10 quarters an acre Silkgras salt good Mines and Diers ware 5 sorts of Deer Buffes and huge Elks to plow and work all bringing 3 young at once The Uplands covered many moneths with berries roots chestnuts walnuts Beech and Oak Mast to feed them Hogges and Turkeys 500 in a flock and having neer the Colony of Manteses 400000 acres of plain mead land and meer levell to be flowed and fludded by that river for corn rice rapes flax and hemp After 17 years trading and discovery there and triall made is begun to be planted and stored by the Governour and Company of New Albion consisting of forty four Lords Baronets Knights and Merchants who for the true informing of themselves their friends Adventurers and Partners by Residents and Traders there four severall years out of their Journall Books namely by Captaine Browne a Ship-master and Master Stafford his Mate and by Captain Claybourn 14 years there trading and Constantine his Indian there born and bred and by Master Robert Evelin 4 yeares there yet by eight of their hands subscribed and enrolled doe testifie this to be the true state of the Country of the Land and Delaware Bay or Charles River which is further witnessed by Captain Smith and other books of Virginia and by New Englands Prospect new Canaan Captain Powels Map and other descriptions of New England and Virginia Captain Brown Captain Clayborn Robert Evelin Stafford Constantine Stratton Thomas White Richard Buckham Christoph Thomas Edward Monmouth Tenis Palee Edward Rhodes Peter Rixford Master Evelins Letter Good Madam SIr Edmund our noble Governour and Lord Earl Palatine persisting still in his noble purpose to goe on with his plantation in Delaware or Charles river just midway between New England and Virginia where with my Unckle Young I severall years resided hath often informed himselfe both of me and Master S●rat●on as I perceive by the hands subscribed of Edward Monmouth Tenis Palce and as Master Buckham Master White and other Ship-masters and Saylors whose hands I know and it to be true that there lived and traded with me and is sufficiently instructed of the state of the country and people there and I should very gladly according to his desire have waited on you into Hamshire to have informed your Honour in person had not I next weeke been passing to Virginia But neverthelesse to satisfie you of the truth I thought good to write unto you my knowledge and first to describe you from the North side of Delaware unto Hudsons river in Sir Edmunds Patent called new Albion which lieth just between New England and Maryland and that Ocean sea I take it to be about 160 miles I finde some broken land Isles and Inlets and many small Isles at Egbay But going to Delaware Bay by Cape May which is 24 miles at most and is as I understand very well set out and printed in Captain Powels Map of New England done as is told mee by a draught I gave to M. Daniel the plot-maker which Sir Edmund saith you have at home on that North side about five miles within a port or rode for any ships called the Nook and within it lieth the King of Kechemeches having as I suppose about 50 men and 12 leagues higher a little above the Bay and Bar is the river of Manteses which hath 20 miles on Charles river and 30 miles running up a fair navigable deep river all a flat levell of rich and fat black Marsh mould which I think to be 300000 acres In this Sir Edmund intendeth as he saith to settle and there the King of Manteses hath about 100 Bow-men next above about 6 leagues higher is a fair deep river 12 miles navigable where is Freestone and there over against is the King of Sikonesses and next is Asomo●ches river and King with an hundred men and next is Eriwoneck a King of forty men where we sate down and five miles above is the King of Ramcock with a hundred men and four miles higher the King of Axion with two hundred men and next to him tenne leagues overland an inland King of Calcesar with an hundred fifty men then there is in the midle of Charles river two fair woody Isles very pleasant and fit for Parks the one of a thousand acres the other of fourteen hundred or thereabout And six leagues higher neer a Creek called Mosilian the King having two hundred men And

blast it and winds blowing away Cotten wanting victuals and no store of land Barbadoes hath some rich men having Sugar mils Indico Ginger Suckets of Oranges and Lemmons and bad Tobacco but their usuall bread is of Cassada roots whose juice is poyson so the negligence of a servant or slave in the right making of it may cost the whole family a poysoning the servants usuall food is some Pease Potatoes Roots and those boyled make their drink called Mobby and Plantana roots some rich have Poultry and Hogs and Cows tied up to trees for there are few Raunges and Inclosures These two last yeares the plague as I am informed killed 10000 brave people and there are many hundred Rebell Negro flaves in the woods here was no store of land for our 120 men and their families here wants the English mans grasse and so the English mans Beef Mutton Milk Butter and Cheese and they want rivers to turn their Sugar mils so that New England sendeth Horses and Virginia Oxen to turn them at excessive rates and their keeping is there chargeable and at Barbadoes they buy much Beef and Meal and Pease and Fish from New England and other places yet this Isle is full of gallant people very civill and well governed and now no fear of the Spaniard being so populous Then I touched at Bermudoes an Isle twenty miles long and two miles over and in some places more guarded with Rocks and Isles difficult in accesse full of Figs Oranges Lemmons Pomcitrons Potatoes and Plantans Mays wheat for bread excellent Fish Tobacco and Pease healthy it is and quiet in government But this Isle being but a pretty prison was not for my Companies use Thence I sailed to New England where I found three months snow hard winter but lean land in generall all along the Sea coast well peopled Towns the people very thristy industrious and temperate their fish carried to Bilbao and Saint Sebastans their Pipe-staves to the Isles and Spain and the corn of the floated river of Connectacute is transported and the Beaver trade is their best subsistence Still hoping for a richer and more temperat soile I went to Virginia passing 310 miles along the shoars and Isles of New Albion by Manhatas Isle by Long Isle Cape May and the two Capes of Deleware Bay by the lesser and southermost being by our Sea-mens observations just in 38 degrees and 40 minutes and so by Chingotto and Fe●z Isles in Maryland to Virginia to Newports News where receiving kind entertainment at Captain Matthews at Master Fantleroys and free quarter in all places finding the Indian war ended first by the valour courage and hot charge of Captain Marshall and valiant Stilwel and finished by the personall and resolute March and Victory of Sir William Berkley Governour there taking the old King Ope Chankino prisoner I wandred all over finding no place for the reasons aforesaid fit for our Company I went to Chicacoen the North part of Virginia on Pawtomeck river dividing it and Maryland which I found healthier and better then Virginia but then it was in war both with the Sasquehannocks all the Eastern Bay Indians and a Civill war between some revolters protestants assisted by 50 plundered Virginians by whom M. Leonard Calvert Governour under his brother the Lord Baltamore was taken prisoner and expelled and the Isle of Kent taken from him also by Captain Clayborn of Virginia yet I viewed Kent Isle too wet and plashy having bad water but there and at Chicacoen and at Accomack in Virginia and chiefly in New England they related of the excellent temper and pure aire fertility of soile of hils that sheltered off the North-west windes and blasts vallies of grapes rich mines and millions of Elkes Stags Deer Turkeys Fowl Fish Cotten rare fruits Timber and fair plains clear fields which other Plantations want this excelling all others finding it lay just midway between Virginia too hot and aguish in the blasted plains on one side and the cold New England on the other and in the same elevation of Naples the Garden of Europe after one hunting voiage and view 60 miles on one side of Albion and 310 miles on the other side and Long Isle finding the countries better and pleasanter then related I made my addresses to the Lord Governour of Albion and having obtained under the Province Seal my grant of my Manor of Belvill containing 10000 acres on a navigable river having in it and neer Alablaster Terras for plaister of Paris Building and Slatstone store of Timber clear Fields Meads and Woods and no Indians neer and Vines I resolved to return to Holland and to transport my friends where most happily the second time meeting his Lordship and perusing by his noble favour all his Lordships Cards and Seamens draughts 17 journall books of discoveries voiages huntings tradings and severall depositions under seal of the great Bever and fur trade rich mines and many secrets and rarities In fourteen days having with the two former books printed of Albion 1637 and 1642. made a full abstract and collection agreeing with my own view in the Depositions and M. Evelins and other the traders of Virginia New England I thought it most necessary for the good of all the Company and many Voluntiers in Holland distressed in England and noble Knights Gentlemen that with a little stock may gain fair and rich possessions and live in peace and quiet to print and publish this my labour under all your Lordships Protections most humbly craving your Lordships gentle acceptance And because it conduceth much for a General a Leader to be known of his Commanders and Soldiers his abilities and vertues and excellent parts drawing more men of honour and valour to follow him it contenting much men of honour and dignity to be led and commanded by a better and more honourable and more sufficient then themselves and not their inferiour the meaner and poorer sort expecting all encouragement justice and protection and all the Company the Adventures and strangers to us all may more freely and chearfully goe on and set out their men and expect the more and better returns contentment under his government in whom Pietic Religion Honor Justice Learning Valor Judgement Temperance and Policie shines hope without offence or imputation of flattery to affirm his virtues more then the gems of the Coronet of this our Earl Palatine doe adorn his noble parts Since to me conscientiamea mille restes I have had the honour to be admitted as his familiar have marched lodged and cabbined together amongst the Indians in Holland have seen so many of his Manuscript Books and most excellent Rules and Observations of Law Justice Policy I found his conversation as sweet and winning as grave and sober adorned with much Learning enriched with sixe Languages most grounded and experienced in forain matters of State policy and government trade and sea voiages by 4 yeares travell in Germany France Italy and

then we come to the Fals made by a rock of lime-stone as I suppose it is about sixty and five leagues from the sea near to which is an Isle fit for a City all materials there to build and above the river fair and navigable as the Indians inform me for I went but ten miles higher I doe account all the Indians to be eight hundred and are in severall factions and war against the Sasquehannocks and are all extream fearfull of a gun naked and unarmed against our shot swords and pikes I had some bickering with some of them and they are of so little esteem as I durst with fifteen men sit down or trade in despight of them and since my return eighteene Swedes are settled there and so sometime sixe Dutch doe in a boat trade without fear of them I saw there an infinite quantity of Bustards Swans Geese and Fowl covering the shoares as within the like multitude of Pigeons and store of Turkies of which I tried one to weigh forty and sixe pounds There is much variety and plenty of delicate fresh and sea-fish and shell-fish and Whales or Grampus Elks Deere that bring three young at a time and the woods bestrewed many moneths with Chest-nuts Wall-nuts Mast of severall sorts to feed them and Hogs that would increase exceedingly There the barren grounds have four kindes of Grapes and many Mulberries with Ash Elms and the tallest and greatest Pines and Pitch-trees that I have seen There are Cedars Cypresse and Saffafras with wilde fruits pears wilde cherries pine-apples and the dainty Parsemenas And there is no question but Almonds and other fruits of Spain will prosper as in Virginia And which is a good comfort in four and twenty houres you may send or goe by sea to New England or Virginia with a fair winde you may have cattle and from the Indians two thousand barrels of corn at twelve pence a bushell in truck so as victuals are there cheaper and better then to be transported Neither doe I conceive any great need of a Fort or Charge where there is no enemy If my Lord Palatine will bring with him three hundred men or more there is no doubt but that he may doe very well and grow rich for it is a most pure healthfull air such pure wholesome springs rivers and waters as are delightfull of a Desert as can be seen with so many varieties of severall flowers trees and forests for swine So many fair risings and prospects all green and verdant and Maryland a good friend and neighbour in four twenty houres ready to comfort and supply And truly I beleeve my Lord of Baltamore wil be glad of my Lord Palatines Plantation and assistance against any enemy or bad neighbour And if my Lord Palatine employ some men to sow flaxe hemp and rapes in those rich Marishes or build ships and make pipe-staves and load some ships with these wares or fish from the Northward he may have any money ware or company brought him by his own ships or the ships of Virginia or New England all the year And because your Honour is of the noble house of the Pawlets and as I am informed desire to lead many of your friends kindred thither whom as I honour I desire to serve I shall intreat you to beleeve mee as a Gentleman and Christian I write you nothing but the truth and hope there to take opportunity in due season to visit you and doe all the good offices in Virginia my place or friends can serve you in And thus tendring my service I rest Madam Your Honours most humble faithfull servant Robert Evelin CHAP. IV. NOw since Master Elmes letter and seven years discoveries of the Lord Governour in person and by honest traders with the Indians wee finde beside the Indian Kings by him known and printed in this Province there is in all twenty three Indian Kings or chief Commanders and besides the number of 800 by him named there is at least 1200 under the two Raritan Kings on the North side next to Hudsons river and those come down to the Ocean about little Egbay and Sandy Barnogate and about the South cape two small Kings of forty men a piece called Tirans and Tiascons and a third reduced to fourteen men at Roymont the Sasquehannocks are not now of the Naturals left above 110 though with their forced Auxiliaries the Ihon a Does and Wicomeses they can make 250 these together are counted valiant terrible to other cowardly dul Indians wch they beat with the sight of guns only but in truth meeting with English are the basest cowards of all though cunning and subtile to intrap and surprise on all straits coverts reeds and ambushes for at the last Maryland March against them these 250 having surprised in the reeds and killed five English men with the losse of one of theirs Captain Cornwallis that noble right valiant and politick soldier losing but one man more killed with fifty five of his and but raw and tired Marylanders twenty nine Indians as they confessed though compassed round with two hundred and fifty and Summer was twelve moneth Captain Lewis of Maryland at the Coves drawing but twenty men out of his winde bound Sloupes and in two small Cocke-boates much distant finding twenty four Canoes and therein an hundred and forty Sasquehannocks reduced by these three Swedes into a half moon with intent to encompasse the first small boat before the second could reach the former at the first volley of ten sho● and losse of one Indian they run all away for note generally twelve English with five foot Calivers shoot thirty pellets or dagge shot and fifty yards distance and the naked Indian shooteth but one arrow and but thirty yards distance so as his Lordship knoweth well with such a squadron of twelve or thirteen mark-men to encounter three hundred and to bring by the lock the proudest Sagamoore to bee ransomed for any Trespasse and not to suffer any Indian or trader without his Lordships badge or stamped livery worn to come within twenty miles of his Plantation or ten miles of their Cattle as in all the out-skirts of Virginia is used but to kill them Insomuch as the Emperour Nicotowance saying was my countrymen tell me I am a lier when I tell them the English men will kill you if you goe into their bounds but valiant Captain Freeman made him no lier when lately he killed three Indians so without badge incroaching And therfore fair and far off is best with Heathen Indians and fit it is to reduce all their trading to five Ports or Pallisadoed trucking houses and to kill all straglers and such spies without ransome Then shall christians and their cattle be safe and quiet and severely putting to death all that sell the Indians guns arms and ammunition then Indians are sooner ruled civilized and subjected as in New England is daily seen In Long Isle are about four Kings and eight hundred Bow-men most