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the_o throne_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v agree_v who_o to_o place_v therein_o m._n as_o to_o what_o you_o have_v say_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o carry_v less_o show_n of_o reason_n than_o what_o you_o urge_v in_o the_o former_a case_n since_o all_o writer_n agree_v that_o this_o be_v a_o manifest_a usurpation_n in_o stephen_n who_o can_v pretend_v no_o sort_n of_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n himself_o as_o well_o as_o perjury_n in_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o great_a man_n of_o england_n who_o have_v swear_v fealty_n to_o king_n henry_n daughter_n maud_n in_o his_o life-time_n make_v stephen_n earl_n of_o blois_n their_o king_n therefore_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n and_o all_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n do_v accuse_v stephen_n of_o downright_a perjury_n and_o usurpation_n and_o likewise_o relate_v that_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o crown_n through_o the_o power_n of_o the_o londoner_n and_o citizen_n of_o winchester_n but_o yet_o all_o these_o endeavour_n have_v be_v in_o vain_a unless_o he_o have_v be_v assist_v by_o his_o brother_n henry_n bishop_n of_o that_o city_n and_o then_o the_o pope_n legate_n in_o england_n and_o favour_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n who_o crown_v he_o and_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o there_o be_v but_o a_o very_a small_a faction_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lord_n who_o be_v for_o his_o croonation_n for_o w._n malmsbury_n tell_v we_o coronatus_n est_fw-la ergo_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la stephanus_n 178._o tribus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la nullis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la paucissimis_fw-la optimatibus_fw-la and_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o great_a man_n of_o england_n be_v so_o sensible_a of_o this_o that_o be_v head_v by_o robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n the_o empress_n base_a brother_n they_o raise_v a_o war_n against_o stephen_n which_o after_o her_o come_n over_o hither_o be_v
to_o have_v be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o ii_o now_o your_o only_a argument_n to_o prove_v this_o be_v that_o king_n richard_n though_o his_o elder_a son_n alive_a be_v only_o call_v duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o never_o king_n of_o england_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n but_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o matter_n will_v find_v that_o he_o be_v indeed_o own_a for_o king_n of_o england_n before_o his_o pretend_a election_n or_o coronation_n for_o before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n to_o be_v crown_v rocer_n hoveden_n tell_v we_o 373._o that_o every_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o mother_n queen_n elinor_n swear_v quod_fw-la fideni_fw-la portabit_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la richardo_n regis_fw-la hen._n filio_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o he_o be_v then_o by_o common_a intendment_n look_v upon_o as_o king_n before_o his_o coronation_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v that_o 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that_o consilium_fw-la and_o assensus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o word_n of_o hoveden_n and_o the_o word_n solemnis_fw-la &_o debita_fw-la electio_fw-la ever_o signify_v a_o own_n or_o recognition_n of_o a_o hereditary_a right_n i_o confess_v the_o only_a colour_n you_o have_v for_o your_o interpretation_n of_o those_o word_n in_o hoveden_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v of_o queen_n elianor_n make_v every_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n swear_v fealty_n to_o richard_n king_n of_o england_n as_o to_o their_o liege_n lord_n from_o whence_o you_o will_v infer_v that_o by_o common_a intendment_n of_o law_n he_o be_v look_v upon_o king_n of_o england_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v and_o consequent_o there_o can_v be_v no_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n now_o admit_v that_o he_o be_v common_o call_v king_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v or_o that_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n will_v make_v the_o people_n swear_v to_o he_o as_o such_o yet_o that_o can_v not_o make_v he_o so_o since_o the_o same_o historian_n also_o tell_v we_o that_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o william_n earl_n marshal_z make_v the_o people_n of_o england_n take_v a_o like_a oath_n to_o earl_n john_n as_o their_o lord_n not_o king_n immediate_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n richard_n his_o brother_n and_o yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o affirm_v that_o their_o swear_a fealty_n to_o he_o as_o their_o superior_a lord_n make_v he_o king_n or_o give_v he_o a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o i_o desire_v you_o or_o any_o indifferent_a man_n to_o tell_v i_o which_o be_v hoveden_n opinion_n whether_o this_o swear_a fealty_n be_v a_o sufficient_a declaration_n of_o his_o â—eing_a king_n or_o else_o all_o those_o other_o expression_n which_o signify_v the_o contrary_a when_o immediate_o before_o his_o coronation_n he_o only_o call_v it_o ducem_fw-la richarâ—m_fw-la qui_fw-la coronandus_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la which_o i_o think_v be_v as_o plain_a a_o distinction_n 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accepit_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o pray_v tell_v i_o what_o common_a council_n be_v this_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o anselm_n refer_v himself_o to_o be_v it_o not_o ex_fw-la more_o by_o custom_n you_o can_v find_v in_o eadmer_n any_o summons_n to_o it_o neither_o rex_fw-la asâ—ivit_fw-la nor_o praecepâ—o_o regis_fw-la convenerunt_fw-la nor_o rex_fw-la sanctione_n suâ_fw-la adunavit_fw-la in_o short_a not_o to_o multiply_v example_n look_v where_o you_o will_v in_o eadmerus_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_a historian_n you_o have_v cite_v and_o you_o will_v still_o find_v that_o the_o person_n who_o meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it and_o without_o any_o summons_n be_v the_o same_o who_o assemble_v by_o the_o king_n summons_n at_o other_o time_n that_o be_v the_o principes_fw-la and_o episcoâ—i_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o terrae_fw-la or_o call_v more_o general_o priâ—ates_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la or_o the_o barones_n or_o majores_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o do_v at_o these_o great_a â—easts_n pro_fw-la more_o go_v to_o court_n and_o hold_v a_o solemn_a curia_n or_o great_a council_n there_o and_o that_o these_o make_v up_o the_o university_n or_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pray_v see_v what_o matt._n paris_n say_v 40._o in_o die_v pentecostes_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la loâ—dini_fw-la festum_fw-la tenens_fw-la magnum_fw-la &_o serenissimum_fw-la â—unc_fw-la compositâ_fw-la per_fw-la regni_fw-la vniversitatem_fw-la eleganti_fw-la epistolâ_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o be_v about_o the_o pope_n exaction_n as_o have_v be_v before_o deliver_v and_o hen._n iii_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n call_v the_o same_o person_n magnates_fw-la angliae_fw-la which_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o cardinal_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n he_o call_v magnates_fw-la nostri_fw-la as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o former_a citation_n of_o they_o f._n but_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o ask_v you_o this_o question_n may_v not_o our_o first_o norman_a king_n often_o summon_v the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o one_o of_o the_o say_v usual_a feast_n since_o it_o be_v so_o much_o for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o bishop_n great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o i_o grant_v be_v then_o all_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n to_o meet_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o at_o the_o same_o time_n though_o the_o writer_n you_o have_v quote_v may_v not_o mention_v their_o be_v summon_v at_o all_o and_o as_o for_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n those_o of_o much_o late_a parliament_n be_v lose_v how_o can_v it_o be_v expect_v we_o shall_v now_o prove_v their_o be_v summon_v so_o many_o year_n before_o m._n i_o confess_v it_o may_v be_v so_o that_o upon_o extraordinary_a business_n 115._o and_o when_o the_o occasion_n be_v great_a and_o the_o king_n desire_v a_o great_a and_o full_a appearance_n they_o may_v also_o receive_v a_o express_a summons_n at_o those_o time_n but_o then_o i_o must_v desire_v you_o to_o show_v we_o any_o mention_n of_o a_o summons_n to_o any_o of_o these_o common_a council_n which_o when_o call_v at_o other_o time_n be_v most_o constant_o mention_v in_o this_o author_n and_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v of_o you_o what_o you_o will_v say_v to_o those_o word_n pro_fw-la more_fw-it convenit_fw-la which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o most_o general_a council_n when_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n meet_v at_o the_o king_n court_n you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o king_n barones_n milites_fw-la magnates_fw-la etc._n etc._n upon_o this_o we_o will_v join_v issue_n and_o i_o affirm_v without_o bring_v proof_n which_o be_v infinite_a in_o this_o case_n that_o all_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n do_v hold_v their_o land_n earldom_n and_o barony_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o his_o person_n and_o that_o be_v in_o capite_fw-la william_n the_o conqueror_n as_o i_o say_v before_o divide_v most_o of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n among_o his_o great_a follower_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o he_o make_v earl_n and_o baron_n such_o as_o he_o please_v they_o and_o their_o descendant_n hold_v upon_o the_o same_o term_n with_o the_o first_o grantor_n which_o be_v to_o find_v so_o many_o horse_n and_o arm_n and_o do_v such_o and_o such_o service_n both_o title_n and_o land_n be_v forfeitable_a for_o treason_n or_o felony_n to_o the_o king_n do_v homage_n for_o they_o and_o every_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n be_v in_o those_o circumstance_n and_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n after_o this_o manner_n other_o land_n be_v give_v to_o other_o person_n for_o mean_a service_n as_o to_o his_o woodward_n forester_n huntsman_n falconer_n cook_n chamberlain_n gouldsinlib_n bailiff_n of_o manor_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o many_o other_o officer_n which_o in_o doomsday-book_n be_v call_v terrae_fw-la thanorum_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o sometime_o servientium_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o i_o doubt_v not_o whatever_o the_o notion_n of_o petyt_n sergeanty_n now_o be_v but_o that_o original_o this_o hold_v of_o land_n be_v the_o true_a tenure_n not_o but_o present_v the_o lord_n with_o a_o bow_n a_o arrow_n a_o pair_n of_o spur_n every_o year_n etc._n etc._n may_v also_o be_v call_v petyt_n serjeanty_n though_o not_o so_o proper_o as_o the_o other_o f._n not_o to_o multiply_v word_n to_o no_o purpose_n i_o think_v your_o reply_n be_v far_o from_o be_v satisfactory_a for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a to_o demand_v that_o we_o shall_v now_o show_v the_o express_a summons_n to_o these_o common_a council_n which_o be_v not_o hold_v the_o more_o since_o you_o know_v that_o all_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v destroy_v and_o lose_v for_o if_o we_o can_v produce_v they_o at_o this_o day_n the_o difference_n between_o we_o and_o those_o of_o your_o opinion_n will_v quick_o be_v at_o a_o end_n as_o appear_v by_o those_o great_a council_n which_o be_v say_v express_o by_o the_o historian_n i_o have_v cite_v to_o have_v be_v summon_v and_o yet_o no_o such_o writ_n of_o summons_n be_v to_o be_v find_v nor_o be_v it_o any_o good_a argument_n that_o because_o our_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v no_o distinct_a summons_n to_o the_o great_a council_n when_o meet_v at_o the_o usual_a time_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o therefore_o there_o be_v none_o such_o since_o we_o find_v they_o often_o pass_v by_o much_o more_o material_a matter_n than_o this_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o barones_n milites_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v for_o all_o this_o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v member_n of_o this_o great_a council_n since_o there_o may_v be_v in_o those_o time_n other_o baron_n or_o great_a freeholder_n who_o though_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o may_v be_v there_o as_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o else_o appear_v in_o person_n at_o those_o assembly_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o beside_o there_o be_v other_o who_o though_o they_o do_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o of_o some_o great_a honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o of_o some_o abbot_n or_o prior_n yet_o be_v man_n of_o very_o great_a estate_n and_o very_o numerous_a all_o which_o must_v otherwise_o have_v have_v their_o estate_n tax_v and_o law_n make_v for_o they_o without_z nay_o against_o the_o consent_n of_o themselves_o or_o any_o to_o represent_v they_o nor_o be_v your_o assertion_n at_o all_o true_a that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n divide_v most_o of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la for_o beside_o those_o servant_n and_o officer_n you_o last_v mention_v above_o two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o abbey_n and_o priory_n in_o england_n be_v not_o hold_v as_o also_o much_o other_o land_n in_o kent_n and_o other_o country_n per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la or_o knight_n service_n but_o in_o libera_fw-la elecmosina_fw-la only_o or_o socage_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o consequent_o neither_o they_o nor_o their_o tenant_n can_v according_a to_o your_o hypothesis_n have_v any_o representative_n in_o parliament_n and_o far_o you_o yourself_o grant_v that_o those_o land_n you_o mention_v which_o be_v give_v out_o by_o your_o conqueror_n to_o his_o woodward_n forester_n etc._n etc._n do_v not_o capacitate_v they_o to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n since_o their_o tenure_n be_v only_o by_o petyt_n serjeanty_n and_o not_o by_o knight_n service_n nor_o can_v they_o become_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n because_o such_o tenant_n
of_o the_o great_a council_n and_o the_o common_a university_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o it_o be_v obvious_a that_o when_o all_o the_o lay_v lord_n earl_n and_o baron_n to_o who_o you_o may_v also_o add_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o you_o please_v be_v meet_v together_o be_v ask_v by_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n then_o present_a whether_o they_o will_v agree_v with_o they_o or_o not_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n answer_v for_o themselves_o that_o they_o will_v do_v nothing_o without_o the_o common_a university_n which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v only_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la since_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o be_v now_o all_o here_o and_o refer_v themselves_o to_o another_o distinct_a order_n of_o man_n different_z from_o themselves_o who_o be_v not_o there_o present_a as_o also_o from_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o demand_v there_o consent_n to_o what_o they_o have_v agree_v upon_o now_o if_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v concur_v here_o have_v be_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o common_a university_n of_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o beside_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o these_o there_o be_v notwistanding_n it_o seem_v require_v the_o consent_n of_o another_o body_n of_o man_n call_v here_o the_o communis_fw-la vniversitas_fw-la by_o which_o must_v be_v mean_v the_o commons_o or_o no_o body_n since_o otherwise_o they_o may_v have_v all_o agree_v together_o without_o any_o more_o ado_n m._n i_o confess_v this_o story_n out_o of_o mat._n paris_n look_v somewhat_o plausible_a at_o the_o first_o on_o your_o side_n but_o i_o doubt_v not_o if_o it_o be_v better_o consider_v it_o will_v do_v you_o little_a service_n for_o what_o if_o by_o this_o common_a university_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o not_o â—itting_v with_o the_o lord_n at_o that_o time_n they_o will_v do_v nothing_o without_o their_o consent_n till_o it_o be_v propose_v to_o they_o but_o that_o they_o do_v afterward_o all_o agree_v pray_v read_v the_o rest_n of_o this_o narration_n and_o it_o will_v make_v it_o clear_a enough_o that_o this_o common_a university_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v also_o agree_v with_o the_o lord_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n the_o word_n immediate_o follow_v in_o mat._n paris_n be_v these_o tunc_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la assensu_fw-la electi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la cleri_fw-la blectus_fw-la cantuariensis_n wintoniensis_fw-la lincolniensis_fw-la &_o wigoriensis_fw-la episcopi_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la laicorum_fw-la richardus_fw-la comes_fw-la frater_fw-la domini_fw-la regâ—â—_n come_v bigod_n come_v legr_n s._n de_fw-fr monteforti_fw-la &_o come_v maresâ—ballus_n ex_fw-la parte_fw-la vero_fw-la baronum_fw-la richardus_fw-la de_fw-la montfiâ—hes_n &_o johannes_n de_fw-fr balliol_n &_o de_fw-fr sancto_n edmundo_n &_o rameseit_v abbate_n ut_fw-la quod_fw-la isli_fw-la duodecim_fw-la providerâ—nt_fw-la in_o communi_fw-la recitaretur_fw-la nec_fw-la aliqua_fw-la forma_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la ostenderetur_fw-la authoritate_fw-la duodecim_fw-la nisi_fw-la omnium_fw-la communis_fw-la assensus_fw-la interveniret_fw-la from_o which_o last_o passage_n it_o appear_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o in_o this_o parliament_n the_o several_a order_n of_o man_n that_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o it_o be_v only_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n and_o that_o all_o these_o put_v together_o be_v term_v the_o common_a university_n which_o be_v more_o comprehensive_a than_o university_n simple_o take_v now_o if_o the_o commons_o as_o at_o this_o day_n represent_v have_v be_v there_o we_o must_v have_v have_v some_o mention_n of_o they_o one_o way_n or_o other_o as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o committee_n of_o the_o other_o order_n which_o make_v up_o the_o general_a committee_n of_o twelve_o so_o that_o 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nostri_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la london_n in_o quindena_fw-la paschae_fw-la proximae_fw-la praeterita_fw-la faceremus_fw-la convocari_fw-la &_o
of_o this_o necessity_n as_o certain_o he_o be_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o parliament_n it_o can_v never_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o first_o prince_n or_o his_o successor_n that_o first_o part_v with_o these_o privilege_n to_o the_o people_n ever_o intend_v to_o be_v so_o strait_o tie_v to_o they_o as_o that_o in_o no_o case_n whatever_o though_o never_o so_o press_v they_o shall_v not_o depart_v from_o they_o much_o less_o that_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o crown_n if_o he_o shall_v whole_o break_v they_o nay_o shall_v persist_v so_o to_o do_v and_o resolve_v to_o turn_v this_o limit_v into_o a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n since_o the_o observation_n of_o these_o law_n be_v but_o concession_n of_o his_o own_o or_o his_o predecessor_n can_v never_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o condition_n of_o his_o hold_v the_o crown_n nor_o of_o the_o subject_n allegiance_n to_o it_o there_o be_v as_o you_o yourself_o confess_v no_o such_o clause_n express_v in_o either_o part_n neither_o in_o 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mistake_n in_o you_o and_o dr._n brady_n to_o maintain_v that_o k._n william_n i._o be_v real_o a_o conqueror_n and_o by_o his_o sword_n without_o any_o other_o title_n obtain_v such_o a_o entire_a victory_n over_o k._n harold_n and_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n as_o give_v he_o a_o hereditary_a right_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n to_o the_o absolute_a allegiance_n of_o the_o whole_a english_a nation_n without_o any_o reserve_n or_o condition_n whatever_o so_o that_o all_o our_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n be_v thereby_o lose_v and_o forfeit_v this_o nation_n can_v claim_v nothing_o of_o that_o kind_n but_o from_o the_o grant_v and_o concession_n of_o that_o king_n or_o his_o successor_n every_o one_o of_o which_o proposition_n contain_v so_o many_o notorious_a mistake_n in_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n king_n william_n never_o claim_v the_o crown_n by_o conquest_n but_o by_o the_o adoption_n and_o testament_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o 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auferre_fw-la and_o this_o donation_n he_o call_v a_o hereditary_a right_n in_o divers_a other_o charter_n as_o particular_o in_o one_o also_o record_v by_o inspeximinus_fw-la 211._o begin_v thus_o in_o nomine_fw-la patris_fw-la &_o filii_fw-la &_o spiritus_fw-la sancti_fw-la amâ—n_n ego_fw-la willielâ—us_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la haereditatio_fw-la jure_fw-la factus_fw-la so_o likewise_o his_o son_n k._n henry_n i._o in_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o abbot_n of_o ely_n create_v he_o a_o bishop_n call_v himself_o the_o son_n of_o william_n the_o great_a not_o the_o conqueror_n qui_fw-la edwardo_n regi_fw-la haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la successit_fw-la in_o regnum_fw-la and_o in_o virtue_n of_o this_o donation_n he_o be_v after_o his_o victory_n against_o harold_n by_o public_a and_o full_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n or_o people_n of_o england_n as_o also_o of_o the_o norman_n he_o bring_v with_o he_o elect_v and_o crown_v king_n and_o at_o his_o coronation_n take_v the_o 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to_o private_a church_n and_o if_o his_o noble_n or_o follower_n have_v unjust_o dissieâ—ed_v any_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n of_o their_o estate_n the_o king_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v restore_v again_o as_o appear_v by_o many_o precedent_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o ingulphus_n and_o eadmerus_n this_o be_v premise_v let_v we_o see_v in_o the_o next_o place_n what_o proportion_n the_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n do_v in_o those_o day_n bear_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n now_o we_o find_v in_o sprot_n chronicle_n as_o also_o from_o the_o old_a legierbook_n cite_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o particular_o from_o that_o secretum_fw-la abbotis_n former_o belong_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o glassenbury_n and_o now_o in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxon_n that_o there_o be_v not_o long_o after_o your_o conquest_n 60215_o knight_n fee_n in_o england_n of_o which_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o 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mr._n cambden_n himself_o acknowledge_v in_o his_o description_n of_o this_o county_n beside_o what_o be_v hold_v in_o other_o county_n by_o the_o same_o tenure_n as_o you_o will_v find_v in_o mr._n tailor_n be_v history_n of_o gavel_n kind_n all_o which_o be_v not_o tenor_n in_o chief_a by_o knight_n service_n be_v not_o register_v in_o domesday_n book_n nor_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o owner_n be_v ever_o dispossess_v of_o they_o to_o which_o may_v also_o be_v add_v the_o land_n of_o those_o small_a thanes_z or_o officer_n of_o king_n edward_n who_o name_n be_v find_v in_o domesday_n book_n who_o hold_v their_o land_n ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la to_o all_o these_o we_o may_v also_o add_v all_o such_o norman_a nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n who_o have_v come_v into_o england_n in_o edward_n the_o confessor_n time_n and_o have_v honour_n and_o land_n give_v they_o by_o he_o have_v continue_v here_o ever_o since_o and_o these_o be_v so_o numerous_a gulielâ—i_fw-la that_o it_o be_v 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earl_n have_v all_o the_o land_n mention_v in_o these_o county_n to_o dispose_v of_o at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o that_o they_o turn_v out_o all_o the_o old_a proprietor_n which_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o do_v not_o as_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o several_a instance_n of_o ancient_a english_a family_n who_o have_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o enjoy_v the_o same_o seat_n they_o have_v in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n so_o that_o you_o see_v there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o a_o grant_n of_o all_o the_o land_n of_o a_o county_n and_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a county_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o former_a be_v plain_a but_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a it_o general_o imply_v not_o any_o thing_n more_o than_o the_o government_n of_o that_o county_n thus_o whereas_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o shropshire_n be_v give_v to_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n doomsday_n say_v only_o that_o he_o have_v the_o city_n of_o shrewsbury_n &_o totum_fw-la comitatum_fw-la and_o the_o whole_a county_n but_o that_o be_v soon_o explain_v by_o what_o follow_v &_o totum_fw-la dominum_fw-la quod_fw-la rex_fw-la ipse_fw-la tenebat_fw-la where_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o dominium_fw-la be_v mean_v no_o more_o than_o that_o power_n to_o govern_v it_o which_o king_n edward_n have_v for_o otherwise_o the_o grant_n of_o totum_fw-la comitatum_fw-la have_v be_v sufficient_a m._n i_o confess_v this_o be_v more_o than_o i_o ever_o hear_v or_o consider_v before_o concern_v this_o matter_n but_o you_o do_v not_o give_v i_o any_o positive_a proof_n that_o at_o the_o time_n when_o doom_n day_n book_n be_v make_v there_o be_v any_o englishman_n who_o hold_v earldom_n or_o barony_n or_o other_o great_a estate_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o of_o his_o great_a man_n so_o that_o what_o you_o have_v say_v hitherto_o though_o it_o carry_v a_o great_a show_n of_o probability_n yet_o be_v no_o positive_a proof_n against_o the_o doctor_n assertion_n f._n i_o shall_v not_o go_v about_o to_o deny_v what_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n and_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n so_o positive_o affirm_v that_o for_o sometime_o before_o the_o end_n of_o king_n william_n reign_n there_o be_v no_o englishman_n a_o bishop_n abbot_n or_o earl_n in_o england_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v thus_o through_o his_o whole_a reign_n or_o if_o it_o be_v so_o that_o it_o will_v therefore_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v few_o englishman_n who_o when_o domesday_n book_n be_v make_v possess_v any_o land_n in_o england_n but_o that_o in_o part_n of_o king_n william_n reign_n there_o be_v many_o english_a earl_n and_o baron_n appear_v by_o above_o a_o dozen_o charter_n cite_v by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o the_o saxon_a and_o latin_a tongue_n in_o his_o monast._n anglic._n which_o be_v either_o direct_v by_o k._n william_n to_o all_o his_o earl_n and_o thain_n or_o else_o in_o latin_a omnibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la francigenis_n &_o anglis_fw-la or_o else_o omnibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la salutem_fw-la the_o like_a charter_n also_o appear_v of_o henry_n j._n and_o the_o empress_n maud_n his_o daughter_n so_o that_o if_o francigena_n and_o francus_n signify_v a_o frenchman_n and_o anglus_fw-la and_o englishman_n and_o if_o fidelis_n do_v as_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o signify_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o there_o be_v for_o great_a part_n of_o king_n william_n reign_n both_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o english_a extraction_n but_o to_o come_v to_o particular_a person_n it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o saxon_a or_o english_a name_n in_o doomsday_n book_n as_o also_o by_o several_a recital_n therein_o that_o there_o be_v divers_a english_a
tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n as_o also_o those_o aid_n they_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n they_o hold_v of_o towards_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n be_v in_o use_n in_o england_n before_o the_o conqueror_n come_v over_o but_o to_o observe_v your_o command_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v that_o by_o the_o conquest_n the_o english_a for_o a_o time_n lose_v all_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o privilege_n till_o they_o again_o obtain_v they_o either_o by_o their_o mix_n with_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o all_o distinction_n between_o they_o and_o the_o english_a be_v take_v away_o or_o else_o they_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o first_o k._n john_n and_o k._n henry_n the_o three_o i_o shall_v therefore_o divide_v the_o privilege_n of_o englishman_n into_o these_o three_o head_n first_o either_o such_o as_o concern_v their_o office_n or_o dignity_n or_o second_o such_o as_o concern_v their_o estate_n or_o last_o such_o as_o concern_v the_o trial_n for_o their_o life_n in_o every_o one_o of_o which_o if_o i_o can_v prove_v the_o english_a native_n as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n suffer_v confideracie_n lesses_z and_o abridgement_n of_o their_o ancient_a 〈…〉_z liberty_n which_o they_o former_o enjoy_v i_o think_v i_o shall_v sufficient_o prove_v the_o point_n in_o hand_n as_o to_o the_o first_o head_n ingâ—ph_n telâ—s_v we_o that_o the_o english_a be_v so_o hate_v by_o the_o norman_n in_o his_o time_n oxon._n that_o how_o well_o soever_o they_o deserve_v they_o be_v drive_v from_o their_o dignity_n and_o stranger_n though_o much_o less_o fit_a of_o any_o nation_n under_o heaven_n be_v take_v in_o their_o place_n 93._o and_o malmesbury_n who_o live_v and_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o say_v that_o england_n be_v then_o become_v the_o habitation_n of_o foreigner_n and_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o stranger_n and_o that_o there_o be_v at_o that_o day_n no_o englishman_n a_o earl_n bishop_n or_o abbot_n but_o that_o stranger_n devour_v the_o riches_n and_o gnaw_v the_o bowel_n of_o england_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o hope_n of_o end_v this_o misery_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o be_v now_o total_o deprive_v of_o all_o office_n and_o dignity_n in_o the_o common_a weal_n and_o consequent_o can_v have_v then_o no_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n the_o parliament_n of_o the_o nation_n both_o for_o the_o raise_n of_o tax_n and_o the_o make_n of_o law_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v mr._n petyt_n and_o yourself_o suppose_v you_o find_v a_o clause_n in_o the_o conqueror_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 36._o whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o this_o kingdom_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n well_o and_o in_o peace_n free_a from_o all_o unjust_a exaction_n and_o taillage_n so_o as_o nothing_o be_v exact_v or_o take_v unless_o their_o free-service_n which_o of_o right_n they_o ought_v and_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v to_o we_o and_o as_o it_o be_v appoint_v to_o they_o and_o give_v and_o grant_v to_o they_o by_o we_o as_o a_o perpetual_a right_n of_o inheritance_n by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o common_a council_n will_v not_o help_v you_o for_o without_o doubt_n here_o be_v no_o englishman_n in_o it_o for_o certain_o they_o will_v not_o grant_v away_o their_o own_o land_n to_o stranger_n these_o be_v the_o saxon_a land_n which_o william_n have_v give_v in_o fee_n to_o his_o soldier_n to_o hold_v they_o under_o such_o service_n as_o he_o have_v appoint_v they_o and_o that_o by_o right_a of_o succession_n or_o inheritance_n we_o will_v now_o come_v to_o the_o second_o point_n viz._n the_o privilege_n the_o englishman_n lose_v as_o to_o their_o estate_n for_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n you_o affirm_v the_o k._n can_v nor_o make_v law_n nor_o raise_v tax_n without_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v certain_a k._n william_n and_o his_o immediate_a successor_n do_v by_o their_o sole_a authority_n exercise_v both_o these_o prerogative_n as_o for_o his_o legislative_a power_n it_o appear_v from_o the_o word_n of_o his_o coronation_n oath_n as_o you_o yourself_o have_v repeat_v it_o out_o of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o roger_n hoveden_n the_o conclusion_n of_o which_o oath_n be_v se_fw-la velle_fw-la reâ—â—am_fw-la legem_fw-la statuere_fw-la &_o tenere_fw-la rapinas_fw-la injustaque_fw-la judicia_fw-la penitus_fw-la interdicire_fw-la now_o the_o legislative_a power_n be_v then_o lodge_v in_o he_o why_o else_o do_v he_o swear_v to_o appoint_v right_a law_n for_o if_o the_o constitution_n have_v be_v settle_v as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a the_o parliament_n can_v have_v hinder_v he_o from_o make_v any_o other_o and_o that_o he_o can_v do_v so_o appear_v by_o that_o yoke_n of_o servitude_n 7._o which_o matthew_n paris_n as_o well_o as_o other_o author_n tell_v we_o k._n william_n by_o his_o own_o authority_n impose_v upon_o the_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n in_o england_n which_o hold_v barony_n which_o they_o have_v hitherto_o enjoy_v free_a from_o all_o secular_a servitude_n he_o now_o say_v he_o put_v under_o military_a service_n sess_v all_o those_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n how_o many_o knight_n or_o soldier_n each_o of_o they_o shall_v find_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n and_o put_v the_o roll_n of_o this_o ecclesiastical_a service_n in_o his_o treasury_n he_o cause_v to_o fly_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n many_o ecclesiastic_n who_o oppose_v this_o wicked_a constitution_n now_o if_o he_o can_v do_v this_o upon_o so_o powerful_a a_o body_n as_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v at_o this_o time_n he_o may_v certain_o as_o well_o raise_v what_o tax_n he_o please_v upon_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o that_o k._n william_n upon_o his_o return_n out_o of_o normandy_n into_o england_n anglis_fw-la importabile_fw-la tributum_fw-la imposuit_fw-la lib._n 3._o p._n 278._o and_o that_o his_o son_n william_n rufus_n impose_v what_o tax_n he_o will_v upon_o the_o people_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o parliament_n appear_v by_o that_o passage_n of_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n which_o he_o relate_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o k._n as_o also_o in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la pontificâ—m_fw-la concern_v ranulâ—_n who_o from_o a_o very_a mean_a clerk_n he_o make_v bishop_n of_o duâ—ham_n and_o lord_n treasurer_n the_o rest_n i_o will_v give_v you_o in_o latin_a isle_n siquando_fw-la edictum_fw-la regium_fw-la processisset_fw-la ut_fw-la nominatum_fw-la tributum_fw-la anglia_fw-it penderet_fw-la duplum_fw-la adjiciâ—bat_fw-la subinde_fw-la idente_fw-la rege_fw-la ac_fw-la dicente_fw-la solum_fw-la esse_fw-la hominem_fw-la qui_fw-la sciret_fw-la sic_fw-la agitare_fw-la ingenium_fw-la nec_fw-la aliorum_fw-la curares_fw-la odium_fw-la dummodo_fw-la complaceret_fw-la dominum_fw-la so_o that_o you_o may_v here_o see_v that_o the_o king_n edict_n or_o proclamation_n do_v not_o only_o impose_v the_o tax_n at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o his_o treasurer_n can_v double_v it_o when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o without_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o and_o this_o prerogative_n be_v exercise_v by_o divers_a of_o his_o successor_n till_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagiâ—_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la be_v make_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o last_o head_n concern_v the_o alteration_n of_o trial_n for_o man_n life_n and_o estate_n by_o the_o conqueror_n from_o what_o they_o be_v before_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n there_o be_v no_o other_o trial_n for_o man_n life_n but_o by_o juries_n or_o else_o by_o fire_n or_o water_n ordeal_o which_o be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o dane_n the_o conqueror_n though_o he_o do_v not_o take_v way_n these_o yet_o also_o add_v the_o law_n then_o in_o use_n in_o normandy_n of_o try_v not_o only_o criminal_a but_o civil_a cause_n by_o duel_n or_o combat_n all_o the_o difference_n be_v that_o in_o criminal_a case_n where_o there_o be_v no_o other_o proof_n the_o accuser_n and_o accuse_v fight_v with_o their_o sword_n and_o the_o party_n vanquish_v be_v to_o lose_v his_o eye_n and_o stone_n but_o in_o civil_a cause_n they_o only_o fight_v with_o basâ—oons_n head_v with_o horn_n and_o buckler_n and_o he_o or_o his_o champion_n who_o be_v overcome_v lose_v the_o land_n that_o be_v contend_v for_o from_o whence_o you_o may_v take_v notice_n also_o of_o a_o great_a alteration_n in_o the_o law_n not_o only_o concern_v trial_n but_o capital_a punishment_n so_o that_o whereas_o before_o the_o conquest_n all_o crime_n even_o man_n slaughter_n itself_o be_v either_o â—ineable_a according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n and_o the_o rate_n set_v upon_o
carry_v on_o with_o great_a vigour_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o after_o divers_a change_n of_o fortune_n the_o empress_n be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o quit_v the_o kingdom_n yet_o her_o son_n duke_n henry_n do_v not_o fail_v to_o continue_v his_o claim_n to_o the_o crown_n in_o right_a of_o his_o mother_n and_o come_v over_o into_o england_n renew_v the_o war_n against_o king_n stephen_n which_o be_v at_o last_o compose_v by_o a_o agreement_n between_o they_o which_o as_o matthew_n paris_z and_o mat._n westminster_n relate_v it_o 246._o be_v thus_o that_o king_n stephen_n acknowledge_v in_o a_o assembly_n of_o bishop_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o duke_n henry_n have_v a_o hereditary_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o duke_n thereupon_o as_o kind_o grant_v that_o king_n stephen_n shall_v peaceable_o possess_v it_o during_o his_o life_n so_o that_o it_o be_v certain_a till_o this_o agreement_n even_o by_o his_o own_o acknowledgement_n he_o have_v no_o right_a to_o it_o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o empress_n maud_n for_o some_o reason_n we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o give_v a_o true_a account_n of_o never_o take_v upon_o she_o the_o title_n of_o queen_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o she_o act_v as_o such_o during_o all_o the_o time_n she_o be_v in_o england_n receive_v homage_n and_o fealty_n from_o those_o lord_n and_o other_o who_o come_v over_o to_o her_o side_n and_o also_o grant_v charter_n and_o confer_v honour_n by_o the_o title_n of_o anglorum_fw-la domina_fw-la which_o show_v she_o look_v upon_o herself_o to_o be_v the_o supreme_a governess_n of_o the_o kingdom_n though_o not_o under_o the_o title_n of_o queen_n so_o that_o i_o think_v you_o can_v find_v nothing_o in_o this_o transaction_n that_o can_v support_v your_o notion_n of_o vacancy_n f._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v before_o you_o proceed_v far_o first_o i_o can_v excuse_v neither_o king_n stephen_n 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earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o chester_n the_o two_o great_a man_n of_o england_n do_v then_o likewise_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o own_o his_o title_n though_o they_o afterward_o revolt_v from_o he_o again_o yet_o can_v they_o do_v nothing_o considerable_a against_o he_o till_o his_o own_o brother_n the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n revolt_v also_o from_o he_o upon_o pretence_n that_o the_o king_n have_v violate_v the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o after_o the_o empress_n departure_n out_o of_o england_n duke_z henry_n her_o son_n come_v over_o and_o prosecute_v the_o war_n against_o king_n stephen_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v in_o his_o own_o but_o his_o mother_n right_o who_o be_v then_o alive_a nor_o can_v the_o agreement_n you_o mention_v be_v make_v between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o duke_n as_o have_v then_o a_o right_a to_o the_o crown_n in_o his_o own_o person_n since_o we_o read_v of_o no_o concession_n the_o empress_n his_o mother_n have_v make_v to_o he_o of_o it_o and_o therefore_o whatever_o title_n henry_n can_v claim_v thereunto_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n stephen_n it_o be_v whole_o due_a to_o this_o king_n adopt_v he_o for_o his_o son_n 282._o and_o declare_v he_o his_o successor_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o himself_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o crown_n during_o his_o life_n which_o agreement_n be_v solemn_o confirm_v and_o ratify_v and_o that_o by_o oath_n in_o a_o full_a assembly_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o ordericus_n vitalis_n in_o his_o annal_n p._n 989._o be_v very_o express_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o this_o great_a transaction_n in_o these_o word_n sic_fw-la tamen_fw-la in_o praesentiarum_fw-la ipse_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o caeteri_fw-la potentes_fw-la sacramento_n â—irmarent_fw-la quod_fw-la dux_n post_fw-la mortem_fw-la regis_fw-la si_fw-la tempore_fw-la eum_fw-la superviveret_fw-la pacifice_fw-la &_o araque_a contâ—adâ—ctione_n regnum_fw-la haberet_fw-la therefore_o as_o long_o as_o the_o empress_n maud_n live_v who_o die_v after_o her_o son_n king_n henry_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n '_o â—is_n plain_a he_o can_v have_v no_o hereditary_a right_o to_o it_o notwithstanding_o what_o matthew_n paris_n and_o matthew_n westminster_z who_o live_v long_o after_o these_o transaction_n have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a and_o therein_o be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o author_n that_o speak_v their_o own_o sense_n rather_o than_o that_o of_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n m._n i_o confess_v what_o you_o have_v urge_v in_o this_o matter_n concern_v duke_n henry_n be_v admit_v as_o heir_n of_o the_o kingdom_n during_o the_o life_n of_o his_o mother_n the_o empress_n maud_n seem_v to_o the_o purpose_n and_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o say_v against_o it_o but_o that_o this_o be_v do_v by_o the_o concession_n of_o the_o empress_n herself_o who_o surrender_v all_o her_o pretension_n to_o her_o son_n though_o we_o have_v no_o particular_a account_n of_o it_o or_o else_o which_o be_v more_o likely_a in_o my_o opinion_n that_o the_o government_n of_o woman_n be_v then_o unknown_a in_o england_n and_o normandy_n and_o consequent_o odious_a to_o the_o english_a and_o norman_a nobility_n and_o for_o which_o reason_n chief_o they_o have_v before_o set_v this_o empress_n aside_o they_o think_v they_o do_v in_o effect_n perform_v their_o oath_n to_o she_o when_o they_o acknowledge_v her_o title_n in_o her_o son_n duke_n henry_n who_o be_v say_v by_o the_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n to_o have_v succeed_v stephen_n jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la which_o can_v not_o at_o all_o agree_v with_o your_o notion_n of_o his_o receive_v his_o title_n from_o the_o consent_n or_o election_n of_o the_o great_a council_n but_o i_o shall_v pass_v over_o this_o and_o come_v to_o your_o next_o instance_n of_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n which_o you_o pretend_v
fifty_o year_n ago_o but_o i_o do_v not_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o the_o ancient_n establish_v doctrine_n of_o our_o church_n because_o these_o canon_n be_v not_o confirm_v but_o condemn_v by_o two_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o consequent_o never_a legal_o establish_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o the_o public_a saction_n of_o the_o king_n and_o nation_n our_o old_a queen_n elix_fw-la divine_v 280._o such_o as_o bishop_n bilson_n and_o mr._n hooker_n be_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o these_o doctrine_n nay_o teach_v in_o several_a place_n of_o their_o write_n the_o quite_o contrary_a noâ—_n be_v this_o doctrine_n of_o absolute_a subjection_n and_o nonresistance_n ever_o general_o maintain_v until_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o king_n iame_n reign_n when_o some_o court_n bishop_n and_o divine_n begin_v to_o make_v new_a discovery_n in_o politic_n as_o well_o as_o divinity_n and_o do_v by_o their_o preach_a and_o write_n affirm_v that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o 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king_n charles_n the_o first_o dr._n manwaring_n preach_v before_o he_o the_o substance_n of_o who_o sermon_n be_v somewhat_o high_o than_o the_o former_a 609._o viz._n that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n not_o to_o impose_v tax_n or_o subsidy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o when_o they_o be_v so_o impose_v the_o subject_n be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n and_o upon_o pain_n of_o damnation_n to_o pay_v they_o which_o if_o they_o refuse_v to_o do_v they_o be_v guilty_a of_o disloyalty_n and_o rebelion_n for_o which_o sermon_n he_o be_v impeach_v by_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n 4._o car._n i_o and_o thereupon_o sentence_v by_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n to_o be_v disable_v to_o hold_v or_o receve_v any_o ecclesiastical_a live_n or_o secular_a office_n whatever_o and_o also_o to_o be_v imprison_v and_o fine_v a_o thousand_o pound_n notwithstanding_o all_o which_o we_o find_v he_o present_o after_o the_o parliament_n be_v 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doctrine_n and_o which_o be_v worse_o that_o all_o monarch_n be_v absolute_a they_o can_v be_v limit_v or_o oblige_v either_o by_o oath_n law_n or_o contract_n with_o their_o people_n 8._o far_o than_o they_o themselves_o shall_v think_v fit_a or_o consistent_a with_o their_o suppose_a prerogative_n of_o which_o they_o only_o be_v to_o be_v the_o sole_a judge_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o four_o last_o king_n what_o strong_a inclination_n they_o have_v to_o render_v themselves_o absolute_a and_o that_o few_o divine_n or_o common_a or_o civil_a lawyer_n be_v prefer_v in_o their_o reign_n to_o any_o considerable_a place_n either_o in_o church_n or_o state_n prerogative_n who_o do_v not_o maintain_v these_o new_a opinion_n both_o on_o the_o bench_n and_o in_o the_o pulpit_n you_o need_v not_o wonder_v when_o the_o stream_n of_o court_n preferment_n run_v so_o strong_a that_o way_n if_o so_o many_o be_v carry_v away_o with_o it_o since_o it_o be_v but_o to_o expose_v themselves_o to_o certain_a misery_n if_o not_o to_o utter_v ruin_n to_o oppugn_v it_o all_o who_o offer_v by_o speak_v or_o write_v to_o maintain_v the_o contrary_a be_v brand_v with_o the_o odious_a name_n of_o puritan_n commonwealths-man_n whig_n etc._n etc._n some_o of_o who_o you_o may_v remember_v be_v not_o long_o since_o imprison_v fine_v nay_o whip_v for_o so_o do_v so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o there_o be_v but_o very_o few_o to_o be_v find_v who_o dare_v with_o so_o great_a hazard_n speak_v what_o they_o think_v nor_o can_v any_o thing_n but_o the_o imminent_a danger_n upon_o our_o law_n religion_n and_o property_n proceed_v from_o the_o king_n illegal_a practice_n have_v open_v the_o eye_n of_o a_o great_a many_o nobleman_n gentleman_n and_o clergy_n who_o contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n so_o much_o late_o in_o vogue_n do_v generous_o venture_v both_o their_o life_n and_o estate_n to_o join_v their_o arm_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n against_o the_o king_n unjust_a and_o violent_a proceed_n m._n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v before_o i_o have_v do_v these_o doctrine_n of_o nonresistance_n and_o of_o the_o divine_a institution_n of_o monarchy_n to_o be_v most_o consonant_a to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n and_o also_o to_o that_o of_o our_o reform_a church_n of_o england_n nor_o be_v those_o divine_n you_o mention_n in_o k._n james_n the_o first_o be_v time_n the_o author_n or_o inventor_n of_o these_o doctrine_n which_o be_v public_o receive_v and_o decree_v by_o both_o house_n of_o that_o convocation_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o k._n james_n and_o continue_v till_o the_o year_n 1610._o as_o appear_v by_o divers_a manuscript_n copy_n of_o the_o act_n or_o decree_n of_o this_o convocation_n the_o original_a of_o which_o be_v late_o in_o the_o library_n found_v by_o dr._n cousin_n late_a bishop_n of_o durham_n beside_o a_o very_a fair_a copy_n now_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o archbishop_n library_n at_o lambeth_n which_o if_o you_o please_v to_o peruse_v you_o may_v be_v quick_o satisfy_v that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n long_o before_o ever_o sir_n r._n f._n writ_n thoses_fw-fr treatise_n you_o mention_v hold_v that_o civil_a power_n be_v give_v by_o god_n to_o adam_n and_o noah_n and_o their_o descendant_n as_o also_o that_o absolute_a subjection_n and_o obedience_n be_v due_a to_o all_o sovereign_a power_n without_o any_o resistance_n as_o claim_v under_o those_o original_a charter_n these_o doctrine_n be_v there_o full_o and_o plain_o lay_v down_o and_o assert_v as_o the_o doctrine_n of_o our_o church_n so_o that_o you_o deal_v very_o unjust_o with_o the_o memory_n of_o those_o divine_n as_o also_o of_o sir_n r._n f._n to_o
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staff_n after_o his_o be_v deprive_v of_o his_o bishopric_n by_o archbishop_n lanfrank_a and_o the_o synod_n and_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o speech_n be_v remarkable_a tibi_fw-la scil._n edwardo_n baculum_fw-la resigno_fw-la qui_fw-la dâ—disti_fw-la curam_fw-la â—orum_fw-la dimitto_fw-la quos_fw-la mihi_fw-la commendasti_fw-la a_o like_a example_n i_o can_v give_v you_o of_o the_o election_n of_o this_o archbishop_n lanfrank_a himself_o in_o the_o king_n curia_fw-la or_o great_a council_n not_o long_o after_o the_o entrance_n of_o k._n william_n but_o for_o this_o i_o refer_v you_o to_o eadmerus_n but_o admit_v that_o the_o king_n alone_o have_v in_o those_o day_n confer_v all_o bishopric_n do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o his_o nomination_n of_o bishop_n in_o the_o pursuance_n of_o that_o trust_n which_o the_o kingdom_n repose_v in_o he_o do_v likewise_o make_v they_o to_o derive_v all_o the_o right_o they_o have_v to_o sit_v in_o the_o great_a council_n from_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a authority_n you_o may_v indeed_o with_o as_o much_o reason_n urge_v
that_o because_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n as_o likewise_o divers_a of_o his_o predecessor_n do_v nominate_v bishop_n to_o see_v therefore_o they_o do_v likewise_o receive_v from_o they_o all_o the_o authority_n they_o have_v of_o appear_v and_o act_v in_o general_a council_n which_o i_o be_o sure_a you_o be_v too_o good_a a_o church_n of_o england_n man_n to_o affirm_v m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o do_v so_o close_o examine_v the_o ancient_a form_n of_o confer_v of_o bishopric_n before_o the_o conquest_n as_o i_o find_v you_o have_v do_v and_o i_o will_v better_o examine_v your_o authority_n and_o if_o i_o find_v this_o custom_n to_o have_v be_v constant_a and_o uniform_a i_o shall_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n though_o i_o doubt_v it_o will_v not_o prove_v to_o have_v be_v so_o general_a as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o since_o by_o the_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o bring_v out_o of_o mat._n paris_n it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v the_o king_n who_o give_v leave_v to_o this_o election_n of_o bishop_n wulstan_n in_o the_o great_a council_n which_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o convince_v do_v then_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o meddle_v in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n but_o since_o you_o have_v speak_v enough_o concern_v the_o right_n and_o antiquity_n of_o the_o bishop_n sit_v in_o our_o great_a council_n it_o be_v time_n you_o now_o speak_v of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o peer_n or_o temporal_a lord_n which_o certain_o can_v have_v no_o place_n there_o but_o from_o the_o favour_n and_o concession_n of_o our_o king_n so_o that_o whether_o we_o consider_v those_o lord_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o ruler_n of_o county_n call_v in_o old_a english_a earl_n or_o alderman_n in_o latin_a deuce_n or_o comites_fw-la or_o else_o as_o judge_n or_o counsellor_n call_v in_o old_a saxon_a wites_z or_o wiseman_n in_o latin_a sapientes_fw-la or_o last_o as_o thanes_z in_o latin_a ministri_fw-la who_o be_v either_o military_a tenant_n or_o civil_a minister_n or_o else_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n in_o his_o court_n or_o other_o employment_n none_o of_o they_o be_v hereditary_a in_o those_o time_n but_o all_o of_o they_o either_o depend_v upon_o the_o king_n will_n or_o else_o owe_v their_o honour_n and_o estate_n to_o his_o favour_n f._n i_o hope_v notwithstanding_o the_o confidence_n you_o put_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o argument_n that_o it_o have_v no_o more_o weight_n in_o it_o than_o the_o former_a for_o though_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o hereditary_a earldom_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o though_o both_o the_o earl_n and_o alderman_n may_v have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la as_o the_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n have_v at_o this_o day_n and_o not_o by_o tenure_n england_n as_o they_o do_v after_o that_o time_n yet_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o they_o sit_v there_o only_o ratione_fw-la officii_fw-la and_o not_o as_o thanes_z or_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a lordship_n or_o estate_n in_o land_n but_o if_o they_o sit_v there_o as_o earl_n or_o aldermâ—n_o yet_o may_v they_o not_o be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o sit_v in_o those_o council_n by_o that_o title_n for_o there_o be_v beside_o these_o aldermen_z of_o city_n and_o burrough_n who_o be_v elect_v by_o those_o place_n and_o who_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a appear_v for_o they_o as_o their_o representative_n in_o those_o council_n until_o by_o succession_n of_o time_n those_o town_n begin_v to_o send_v two_o burgess_n in_o their_o stead_n some_o footstep_n of_o which_o still_o remain_v in_o london_n where_o the_o alderman_n of_o every_o ward_n be_v first_o propose_v to_o be_v elect_v parliament_n man_n before_o any_o other_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o alderman_n in_o the_o most_o ancient_a city_n as_o london_n york_n lincoln_n &_o â—_o be_v not_o elect_v by_o any_o grant_n or_o charter_n from_o the_o crown_n but_o by_o a_o immemorial_a right_n of_o prescription_n but_o admit_v that_o these_o earl_n or_o alderman_n appear_v in_o these_o council_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n or_o dignity_n which_o the_o king_n confer_v upon_o they_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o prove_v that_o the_o very_a office_n itself_o proceed_v 〈◊〉_d from_o he_o since_o we_o find_v the_o authority_n of_o those_o chief_a man_n who_o 〈◊〉_d call_v prince_n and_o which_o answer_v these_o earl_n to_o have_v be_v use_v among_o the_o ancient_a german_n long_o before_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n where_o we_o cite_v the_o rest_n jura_n per_fw-la pagâ—â—_n viâ—osque_fw-la principes_fw-la reddunt_fw-la â—enteni_fw-la singulis_n ex_fw-la plebe_fw-la comites_fw-la consilium_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o auctoritas_fw-la adsunt_fw-la which_o exact_o answer_v our_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n under_o the_o saxon_a king_n wherein_o the_o alderman_n of_o the_o county_n or_o his_o deputy_n the_o sheriff_n preside_v and_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n or_o hundred_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o all_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o that_o though_o the_o king_n may_v appoint_v these_o prince_n or_o governor_n of_o province_n or_o county_n yet_o do_v it_o no_o more_o follow_v that_o they_o owe_v their_o be_v and_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n whole_o to_o his_o will_n than_o as_o i_o say_v before_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n have_v ancient_o the_o nomination_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n in_o england_n that_o therefore_o they_o must_v also_o owe_v their_o place_n in_o our_o great_a council_n or_o synod_n whole_o to_o they_o since_o the_o king_n perform_v both_o of_o they_o as_o a_o public_a trust_v commit_v to_o he_o by_o the_o common_a weal_n in_o the_o one_o case_n as_o much_o as_o in_o the_o other_o but_o indeed_o i_o think_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o assembly_n beside_o alderman_n and_o burgess_n for_o city_n and_o town_n consist_v of_o those_o thanes_z who_o name_n be_v often_o find_v in_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n after_o the_o principes_fw-la deuce_n and_o comâ—â—â—s_n and_o that_o though_o many_o of_o they_o may_v be_v the_o king_n feudal_n thanes_z or_o 〈◊〉_d grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n in_o chief_a as_o mr._n sâ—lden_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n 515._o yet_o that_o author_n no_o where_o exclude_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._o e._n middle_a or_o less_o thanes_z from_o have_v voice_n in_o those_o assembly_n who_o be_v afterward_o style_v vavissour_n or_o lord_n of_o township_n afterward_o call_v maunor_n with_o court_n annex_v to_o they_o under_o the_o name_n of_o sac_n &_o soc_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o court_n 〈◊〉_d and_o courtbaron_n especial_o if_o you_o please_v far_o to_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a nâ—mber_n of_o alâ—dariâ—_n or_o free_a tenant_n there_o be_v then_o who_o hold_v their_o land_n discharge_v of_o all_o service_n but_o the_o common_a burden_n and_o tax_n of_o the_o nation_n none_o but_o the_o land_n of_o the_o king_n thanes_z be_v hold_v by_o military_a service_n before_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o norman_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o saxon_a council_n will_v find_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o person_n that_o appear_v there_o do_v not_o owe_v their_o 〈◊〉_d to_o their_o be_v the_o king_n minister_n or_o officer_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o to_o their_o hold_v such_o land_n and_o possâ—ssions_n as_o capacitate_v they_o and_o give_v they_o a_o right_a to_o have_v place_n in_o those_o great_a council_n and_o that_o this_o be_v 〈◊〉_d we_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o law_n of_o king_n athelâ—â—an_n where_o you_o will_v find_v gâ—mility_n itself_o annex_v to_o a_o estate_n in_o land_n 54._o for_o if_o you_o will_v but_o be_v please_v to_o consult_v king_n athelston_n law_n you_o will_v there_o find_v that_o if_o a_o villaâ—aus_n or_o câ—eorl_n can_v so_o thrive_v as_o to_o get_v a_o estate_n of_o five_o hide_n in_o land_n he_o be_v reckon_v a_o thane_n i._n e._n a_o gentleman_n or_o nobleman_n as_o they_o be_v promiscuoul_o reckon_v at_o that_o time_n so_o that_o though_o i_o suppose_v there_o may_v not_o be_v in_o those_o time_n that_o exact_a distinction_n between_o peer_n and_o commons_o as_o there_o have_v be_v establish_v since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n yet_o be_v it_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o effect_n since_o the_o bishop_n earl_n or_o alderman_n of_o shire_n though_o not_o enjoy_v as_o hereditary_a honour_n may_v make_v then_o the_o great_a nobility_n or_o peer_n as_o the_o thanes_z be_v the_o less_o nobility_n gentleman_n or_o freeholder_n who_o all_o appear_v in_o person_n may_v together_o with_o
the_o alderman_n or_o burgess_n of_o town_n represent_v those_o which_o we_o now_o call_v the_o commons_o and_o suppose_v that_o then_o there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n yet_o these_o be_v then_o the_o only_a proprietor_n of_o any_o considerable_a estate_n of_o land_n in_o the_o nation_n may_v very_o well_o represent_v all_o their_o vassal_n or_o vnder-tenent_n as_o tenant_n for_o year_n and_o at_o will_n be_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n though_o they_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o their_o election_n to_o conclude_v though_o i_o grant_v that_o the_o king_n be_v of_o england_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o that_o honour_n which_o we_o call_v peerage_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o in_o pursuance_n of_o that_o ancient_a constitution_n which_o their_o ancestor_n bring_v out_o of_o old_a saxony_n and_o normandy_n along_o with_o they_o as_o the_o firm_a defence_n of_o kingly_a power_n against_o the_o insolency_n and_o encroachment_n of_o the_o common_a or_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n as_o well_o as_o tyranny_n in_o their_o prince_n and_o therefore_o in_o all_o monarchy_n where_o there_o be_v no_o hereditary_a nobility_n the_o prince_n have_v no_o sure_a â—ay_n to_o maintain_v his_o power_n than_o by_o stand_v army_n to_o who_o humour_n and_o paction_n he_o be_v more_o subject_a and_o be_v also_o more_o liable_a to_o be_v murder_v or_o depose_v by_o they_o when_o discontent_v with_o he_o than_o ever_o any_o limit_a prince_n yet_o be_v or_o can_v be_v by_o his_o nobility_n or_o people_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o from_o a_o multitude_n of_o example_n not_o only_o from_o the_o roman_a but_o moorish_a arabic_a and_o turkish_a history_n and_o therefore_o to_o constitute_v a_o last_a stable_n limit_v monarchy_n as_o we_o be_v it_o must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o model_n i_o have_v here_o propose_v m._n i_o shall_v not_o contradict_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o your_o discourse_n but_o i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o that_o if_o as_o you_o yourself_o grant_v there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n i_o can_v see_v how_o those_o we_o call_v the_o vulgar_a or_o commons_o of_o england_n have_v then_o any_o representative_n in_o the_o great_a council_n since_o those_o thanes_z or_o lord_n of_o manor_n who_o you_o suppose_v to_o have_v represent_v their_o tenant_n or_o vassal_n be_v never_o choose_v by_o they_o and_o consequent_o can_v not_o proper_o be_v their_o representative_n but_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v easy_a enough_o to_o prove_v that_o none_o of_o your_o inferior_a or_o middle_a thanes_z but_o only_o the_o chief_a or_o superior_a have_v place_n in_o those_o assembly_n so_o that_o these_o feudal_n thanes_z or_o such_o as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a by_o military_a service_n be_v of_o the_o same_o kind_a with_o they_o that_o be_v after_o the_o norman_a time_n honorary_a or_o parliamentary_a baron_n and_o their_o thainland_n alone_o be_v the_o honorary_a thainland_n and_o such_o as_o be_v afterward_o parliamentary_a barony_n nor_o can_v i_o find_v any_o footstep_n in_o our_o ancient_a english_a history_n of_o city_n and_o burough_n send_v any_o representatives_n to_o those_o great_a council_n so_o that_o admit_v i_o shall_v own_o at_o present_a that_o the_o bishop_n and_o some_o great_a abbot_n have_v from_o the_o first_o settle_v of_o christianity_n in_o this_o island_n a_o indisputable_a place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o likewise_o that_o the_o earl_n alderman_n or_o great_a nobility_n have_v also_o vote_n in_o those_o assembly_n and_o that_o the_o chief_z thanes_z or_o less_o noble_n have_v also_o their_o place_n there_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o estate_n yet_o certain_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v of_o a_o much_o late_a date_n and_o owe_v its_o being_n either_o to_o the_o grace_n and_o favour_n of_o our_o king_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n or_o else_o to_o those_o that_o have_v usurp_v their_o power_n and_o this_o i_o think_v dr._n brady_n have_v very_o well_o prove_v against_o mr._n petyt_n and_o i_o think_v i_o can_v convince_v you_o also_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o by_o he_o as_o well_o as_o other_o argument_n be_v it_o not_o now_o too_o late_o to_o enter_v upon_o so_o long_a a_o subject_a f._n therefore_o pray_v let_v we_o defer_v any_o further_a discourse_n of_o this_o question_n till_o the_o next_o time_n we_o meet_v wherein_o i_o hope_v i_o may_v show_v you_o that_o if_o you_o owe_v that_o opinion_n to_o the_o doctor_n argument_n he_o have_v lead_v you_o into_o a_o very_a gross_a mistake_n and_o i_o shall_v only_o at_o present_a take_v my_o leave_n of_o you_o and_o bid_v you_o good_a night_n m._n i_o wish_v you_o the_o like_a advertisement_n a_o brief_a discourse_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n according_a to_o the_o principle_n and_o method_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o reverend_n dr._n cumberland_n now_o lord_n bishop_n of_o peterborough_n latin_a treatise_n on_o that_o subject_a as_o also_o his_o confutation_n of_o mr._n hobb_n principle_n put_v into_o another_o method_n with_o the_o right_n reverend_a author_n approbation_n finis_fw-la bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n whether_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n represent_v by_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n in_o parliament_n be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n in_o parliament_n before_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o or_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n collect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o approve_a author_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a dialogue_n the_o six_o london_n print_v for_o r._n baldwin_n in_o warwick-lane_n near_o the_o oxford-arm_n where_o also_o may_v be_v have_v the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o and_o five_o dialogue_n 1693._o author_n make_v use_v of_o and_o how_o denote_v 1._o mr._n pettit_n ancient_n right_o of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n asserted_n p.r.c._n 2._o dr._n brady_n answer_n thereunto_o edit_fw-la in_o folio_n b._n a._n p._n 3._o the_o say_v doctor_n be_v glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o b._n g._n 4._o anamadversion_n upon_o treatise_n janii_n anglorum_fw-la force_n novo_fw-la b._n a._n i._n 5._o the_o author_n of_o janus_n etc._n etc._n his_o confutation_n of_o the_o say_a doctor_n entitle_v janus_n anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antique_a i._n a._n a._n 6._o dr._n brady_n preface_n to_o his_o history_n b._n p._n h._n 7._o dr._n iohnston_n excellency_n of_o monarchical_a government_n i._o e._n m._n g._n the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n have_v in_o my_o last_o discourse_n treat_v of_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o also_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o our_o english_a government_n by_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n the_o former_a of_o which_o question_n i_o shall_v scarce_o have_v dwell_v so_o long_o upon_o have_v i_o then_o know_v of_o a_o learned_a treatise_n now_o 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v publish_v on_o that_o subject_a i_o be_o at_o last_o arrive_v at_o the_o hard_a and_o most_o important_a though_o perhaps_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o some_o the_o dry_a and_o most_o unpleasant_a part_n of_o my_o task_n viz._n who_o be_v ancient_o the_o constituent_a part_n or_o order_n of_o man_n who_o make_v up_o thâ—se_a assembly_n that_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o chief_z thanes_z or_o baron_n be_v principal_a member_n be_v grant_v by_o all_o party_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v from_o the_o very_a original_a of_o these_o great_a council_n nay_o till_o long_o after_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n any_o representative_n for_o the_o commons_o as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o in_o distinction_n from_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a be_v a_o doubt_n which_o as_o it_o be_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v find_v first_o raise_v by_o a_o italian_a virgil._n who_o write_v the_o history_n of_o england_n in_o the_o last_o age_n so_o have_v it_o be_v continue_v by_o some_o antiquary_n of_o our_o present_a age_n though_o the_o first_o that_o ever_o appear_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_a be_v a_o treatise_n publish_v by_o james_n howel_n in_o the_o cottoni_fw-la posthuma_n under_o the_o name_n of_o sir_n robert_n cotton_n about_o 1654._o but_o whether_o it_o be_v he_o or_o no_o i_o know_v not_o only_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o by_o mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o collection_n of_o record_n which_o he_o publish_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o same_o author_n in_o 1657._o and_o after_o he_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o sole_a representative_a for_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o those_o council_n be_v next_o print_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n parliamentum_fw-la where_o king_n john_n charter_n be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o the_o main_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o assertion_n the_o next_o who_o appear_v in_o prâ—nt_n on_o
refer_v but_o to_o this_o very_a letter_n which_o be_v assent_v as_o well_o per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la as_o by_o your_o baron_n here_o call_v nobiles_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o this_o application_n thereof_o be_v give_v by_o mr_n pryn_n himself_o when_o he_o make_v use_v of_o these_o record_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v far_o that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o for_o all_o this_o author_n opinion_n to_o the_o contrary_a 119._o may_v join_v in_o a_o letter_n ro_o the_o pope_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o that_o which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o 17_o the_o of_o edw._n iii_o about_o the_o provision_n of_o benefice_n which_o then_o grow_v so_o exorbitant_a that_o walsingham_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n quod_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la regni_fw-la pati_fw-la noluit_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o phrase_n the_o letter_n itself_o will_v best_o explain_v 161._o the_o beginning_n and_o conclusion_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o english_a as_o you_o may_v find_v it_o in_o mr._n fox_n book_n of_o martyr_n to_o the_o most_o holy_a father_n in_o god_n lord_n clement_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n of_o the_o holy_a church_n of_o rome_n 501._o and_o of_o the_o universal_a church_n chief_a and_o high-bishop_n his_o humble_a and_o devout_a child_n the_o prince_n duke_n earls_z baron_n knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o all_o the_o communality_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n assemble_v at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n the_o 15_o the_o day_n of_o may_n last_o pass_v etc._n etc._n in_o witness_v whereof_o we_o have_v hereunto_o set_v our_o 〈◊〉_d give_v in_o the_o full_a parliament_n at_o westminst_n on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o may_n anno_fw-la drâ—_n 1343._o and_o it_o still_o appear_v by_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n viz._n 17_o edw._n iii_o n._n 59_o that_o the_o commons_o petition_v the_o king_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v stay_v at_o the_o parliament_n till_o they_o have_v perfect_v and_o seal_v this_o letter_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o letter_n then_o write_v by_o the_o parliament_n 3._o appear_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n still_o among_o the_o tower_n record_n in_o which_o he_o imitate_v his_o grandfather_n edw._n i._n and_o great_a grandfather_n hen._n iii_o who_o also_o seâ—_n letter_n to_o the_o pope_n on_o such_o like_a occasion_n but_o in_o those_o to_o excuse_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n from_o be_v the_o author_n of_o those_o complain_v he_o have_v this_o passage_n that_o since_o it_o be_v the_o judgement_n tam_fw-la procerum_fw-la &_o nobilium_fw-la quaâ—_n communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o ultimo_fw-la parliamento_fw-la contra_fw-la provisorum_fw-la exercitum_fw-la to_o conclude_v i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o under_o the_o universitas_fw-la regâ—â—_n in_o the_o first_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n 29_o hen._n iii_o and_o under_o the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o 29_o edw._n i._o be_v mean_v the_o same_o estate_n or_o order_n of_o man_n as_o be_v more_o particular_o recite_v in_o this_o present_a letter_n viz._n the_o 〈◊〉_d lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n assemble_v m._n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o yet_o satisfy_v with_o the_o sense_n you_o now_o put_v â—pon_o these_o word_n universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la before_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o parliament_n for_o you_o yourself_o must_v grant_v that_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la take_v in_o the_o whole_a representative_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o same_o whole_a body_n or_o community_n thereof_o therefore_o if_o i_o prove_v to_o you_o that_o in_o those_o time_n this_o universâ—â—y_n or_o community_n consist_v only_o of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la ought_v never_o to_o be_v interpret_v by_o the_o english_a word_n commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n till_o after_o the_o time_n that_o i_o allow_v the_o commons_o be_v admit_v to_o make_v a_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n nor_o always_o then_o neither_o and_o mr._n p._n in_o his_o book_n which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o cite_v have_v do_v very_o unfair_o to_o make_v the_o universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la to_o comprehend_v the_o commons_o of_o england_n before_o they_o everappear_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o and_o so_o have_v he_o likewise_o abuse_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v to_o signify_v the_o commons_o when_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o more_o thereby_o mean_v than_o the_o whole_a assembly_n of_o the_o laity_n which_o at_o that_o time_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o the_o earl_n baron_n or_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 28._o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o by_o communitas_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la or_o baronum_n be_v often_o understand_v the_o body_n of_o the_o prelate_n or_o great_a baron_n only_o call_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n proceres_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la yet_o most_o frequent_o these_o with_o all_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v make_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o king_n be_v immediate_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n and_o be_v altogether_o call_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n the_o community_n of_o the_o land_n or_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o this_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o undeniable_a proof_n by_o and_o by_o f._n i_o be_o very_a well_o aware_a that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la often_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n yet_o not_o exclude_v the_o commons_o as_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v for_o then_o the_o word_n must_v signify_v quite_o contrary_a to_o its_o genuine_a signification_n instead_o of_o people_n the_o great_a nobility_n only_o yet_o that_o when_o it_o be_v put_v after_o as_o distinct_a from_o magnate_n it_o must_v mean_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o but_o that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la do_v not_o always_o signify_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o nobility_n only_o 55._o but_o take_v in_o oftentimes_o the_o commons_o too_o pray_v see_v matt._n west_n who_o tell_v we_o king_n edw._n i._o in_o the_o 34th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la melitia_fw-la silii_fw-la regis_fw-la concessus_fw-la est_fw-la regi_fw-la zomus_fw-la denarius_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la mercatores_fw-la vero_fw-la vicesâ—mum_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la upon_o which_o your_o dr._n in_o his_o glossary_a very_a well_o remark_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a upon_o record_n who_o be_v the_o populus_fw-la mean_v by_o the_o historian_n viz._n the_o comites_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la so_o that_o unless_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v lord_n it_o be_v plain_a populus_fw-la take_v in_o the_o commonâ—_n too_o but_o universitas_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la call_v in_o french_a le_fw-fr communâ—_n dangletterre_fw-fr be_v often_o take_v for_o the_o whole_a community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n and_o this_o sir_n edward_n coke_n own_v express_o in_o his_o 2d_o instit._n upon_o these_o word_n in_o articulis_fw-la supâ—â—_n chartas_n 539._o thus_o here_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v take_v for_o people_n so_o astout_a le_fw-fr commune_fw-la be_v here_o take_v for_o all_o the_o people_n and_o this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n for_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n but_o general_o to_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o realm_n viz._n to_o those_o of_o thâ—_n clergy_n and_o to_o those_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o to_o the_o commons_o also_o and_o this_o be_v a_o rational_a as_o well_o as_o grammatical_a interpretation_n for_o as_o the_o word_n universitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n universus_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o whole_a 〈◊〉_d universal_a so_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la be_v derive_v from_o the_o adjective_n 〈◊〉_d common_a or_o general_n so_o that_o these_o two_o word_n when_o use_v simple_o in_o a_o political_a 〈◊〉_d legal_a sense_n aught_o to_o take_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o all_o sort_n and_o condition_n of_o freemen_n appear_v themselves_o or_o their_o lawful_a proxy_n or_o representative_n in_o parliament_n but_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o under_o those_o general_n word_n use_v in_o our_o historian_n and_o record_n viz._n principes_fw-la proceres_fw-la nobiles_fw-la magnates_fw-la barones_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la be_v then_o comprehend_v either_o all_o the_o considerable_a freeholder_n oâ—_n lord_n of_o manner_n or_o else_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n so_o
have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o whole_a parliament_n as_o well_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a as_o commons_o be_v both_o before_o and_o after_o this_o time_n comprehend_v under_o these_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o if_o you_o yet_o doubt_v of_o it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o a_o plain_a authority_n out_o of_o walsingham_n for_o it_o be_v in_o his_o life_n of_o edw._n ii_o anno_fw-la 1327._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o king_n deposition_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o the_o queen_n and_o prince_n come_v to_o london_n there_o then_o meet_v tota_n regni_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la to_o depose_v the_o king_n and_o choose_v his_o son_n in_o his_o stead_n and_o then_o there_o be_v send_v to_o the_o king_n be_v prisoner_n in_o kenelworth_n castle_n on_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n two_o bishop_n two_o earl_n two_o abbot_n and_o of_o every_o county_n three_o knight_n and_o also_o from_o london_n and_o other_o city_n and_o great_a town_n especial_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n a_o certain_a number_n of_o person_n who_o inform_v he_o of_o the_o election_n of_o his_o son_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v the_o crown_n and_o royal_a dignity_n etc._n etc._n this_o proof_n be_v so_o plain_a it_o need_v no_o comment_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n the_o strength_n of_o it_o chief_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o tax_n there_o mention_v be_v say_v to_o be_v grant_v à _fw-la militibus_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o of_o three_o mark_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n but_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o scutage_n be_v not_o scutage_n service_n but_o a_o general_a land_n tax_n or_o manner_n of_o tax_v according_a to_o knight_n fee_n and_o which_o be_v continue_v long_o after_o hen._n iii_o reign_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o passage_n in_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n scutagium_fw-la edwardus_fw-la primus_fw-la habuit_fw-la 40_o soli_fw-la de_fw-la quolibet_fw-la 〈◊〉_d anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 13_o dom._n 1285._o pro_fw-la expeditione_n contra_fw-la wallos_n and_o it_o be_v also_o grant_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o after_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n when_o you_o and_o the_o dr._n suppose_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v then_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o if_o so_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v why_o a_o militibus_fw-la here_o mention_v by_o this_o author_n must_v only_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o not_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n since_o it_o be_v not_o here_o say_v a_o militibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o force_a interpretation_n of_o the_o dr.'s_n and_o without_o any_o authority_n to_o limit_v these_o word_n militibus_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la which_o you_o omit_v with_o a_o etc._n etc._n as_o also_o the_o omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la only_o to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o england_n and_o to_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free_a tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o military_a or_o knight_n service_n because_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n whereas_o you_o have_v already_o acknowledge_v that_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v grant_v to_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n who_o have_v all_o a_o benefit_n by_o it_o and_o who_o pay_v towards_o the_o aid_n there_o grant_v as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o if_o knight_n fee_n alone_o be_v tax_v and_o that_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v by_o what_o right_a all_o tenant_n in_o petit_n serjeanty_n and_o by_o burgoge_n oâ—_n sâ—occage_n tenure_n who_o make_v a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n in_o this_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n can_v pay_v this_o scutage_n since_o they_o hold_v not_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o by_o certain_a rent_n or_o other_o service_n and_o so_o not_o appear_v in_o person_n can_v have_v no_o representative_n in_o this_o or_o any_o other_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n but_o if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o they_o may_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o value_n that_o knight_n fee_n be_v then_o reckon_v at_o viz._n for_o every_o 20_o l._n a_o year_n estate_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o this_o can_v be_v call_v scutage_n or_o how_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o other_o lord_n from_o who_o they_o hold_v those_o land_n can_v give_v away_o their_o money_n for_o they_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o desire_v also_o to_o know_v how_o all_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n can_v be_v charge_v with_o this_o tax_n a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o be_v you_o yourself_o grant_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o bishop_n abbot_n or_o other_o mesâ—e_a lord_n by_o soccage_n or_o bargage_v tenure_n so_o that_o this_o tax_n if_o grant_v only_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n can_v reach_v they_o and_o no_o other_o person_n but_o if_o by_o this_o word_n a_o militibus_fw-la may_v be_v understand_v knight_n of_o shire_n than_o the_o tax_n be_v general_a as_o well_o upon_o soccage_n tenant_n as_o those_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o for_o the_o other_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o viz._n the_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la which_o you_o translate_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n if_o that_o have_v be_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n than_o they_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a since_o you_o have_v already_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o â—â—lites_n be_v so_o call_v non_fw-la a_o militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o feodo_fw-la and_o if_o it_o be_v no_o name_n of_o dignity_n then_o certain_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la will_v have_v serve_v to_o comprehend_v all_o your_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o any_o other_o addition_n but_o that_o these_o word_n laberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la do_v not_o here_o signify_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n pray_v see_v sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la where_o he_o there_o give_v we_o a_o more_o general_a signification_n of_o theseword_n thus_o ad_fw-la nobilesolim_n spectabant_fw-la isti_fw-la 〈◊〉_d à _fw-la majoribus_fw-la ortos_fw-la omnino_fw-la liberis_fw-la and_o then_o end_v thus_o vide_fw-la ingenuus_n legalis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d francus_n tenens_fw-la liberè_fw-la alius_fw-la libre_fw-la tenent_n quo_fw-la etiam_fw-la sensu_fw-la occurrit_fw-la interdum_fw-la homo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d which_o upon_o every_o one_o of_o these_o title_n he_o make_v to_o signify_v all_o one_o use_v the_o same_o thing_n viz._n a_o ordinary_a freeholder_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o very_a force_a interpretation_n of_o you_o to_o limit_v these_o word_n communitas_fw-la populi_n only_o to_o the_o community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o i_o confess_v you_o be_v very_o kind_a in_o one_o main_a point_n in_o únderstand_v the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n to_o mean_v the_o community_n of_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v no_o baron_n and_o then_o do_v what_o you_o can_v these_o word_n must_v here_o signify_v mere_a commoner_n or_o commons_o unless_o you_o can_v show_v we_o a_o three_o sort_v of_o man_n who_o though_o neither_o lord_n nor_o commons_o yet_o have_v a_o place_n in_o parliament_n so_o that_o these_o gentleman_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n be_v no_o more_o noble_a than_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n or_o vavafor_n themselves_o my_o than_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o then_o grant_v as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n have_v then_o also_o their_o representative_n there_o i_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v not_o commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o 49_o hen._n iii_o or_o not_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o your_o dr.'s_n assertion_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n and_o that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la must_v here_o signify_v the_o commons_o and_o not_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n appear_v plain_o by_o this_o place_n you_o have_v quote_v since_o it_o be_v restrain_v by_o yourself_o to_o mean_v not_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o only_o the_o community_n of_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v not_o lord_n but_o that_o matt._n paris_n do_v also_o in_o another_o place_n take_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la for_o the_o commoner_n and_o not_o for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n pray_v again_o remember_v what_o he_o say_v in_o anno_fw-la 1225._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n how_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la come_v to_o be_v confirm_v in_o 9th_o hen._n iii_o he_o tell_v we_o rex_fw-la henricus_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_n tenuit_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n
to_o the_o judgement_n of_o every_o indifferent_a person_n these_o than_o be_v the_o man_n the_o only_a legal_a man_n that_o name_v and_o choose_v jury_n and_o serve_v on_o jury_n themselves_o both_o in_o the_o country_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o dispatch_v all_o country_n business_n under_o the_o great_a officer_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o next_o law_n with_o a_o little_a explication_n ut_fw-la jura_n regius_fw-la illaesa_fw-la seruare_fw-la pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la câ—entur_fw-la subditi_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la praedicti_fw-la sint_fw-la fratres_n conjurati_fw-la ad_fw-la monarchiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o facultatibus_fw-la contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la defendendum_fw-la &_o viriliter_fw-la servaâ—um_fw-la pacem_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la coronae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la integram_fw-la observandam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la judicium_fw-la recâ—um_fw-la &_o justitiam_fw-la constant_a omnibus_fw-la modis_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la faâ—endam_fw-la now_o the_o judgement_n they_o be_v to_o give_v and_o the_o justice_n they_o be_v to_o do_v by_o this_o law_n beside_o that_o in_o their_o own_o court_n and_o jurisdiction_n be_v principal_o as_o they_o be_v juror_n or_o recognitor_n upon_o assize_n etc._n etc._n though_o some_o of_o the_o great_a of_o their_o milites_fw-la be_v often_o sheriff_n hundredary_n and_o other_o under_o judge_n and_o ministerial_a officer_n of_o justice_n in_o their_o several_a county_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o glanâ—ille_n every_o where_o but_o especial_o lib._n 2._o c._n 10_o 11._o lib._n 9_o c._n 7._o c._n 17._o &_o lib._n 13._o throughout_o this_o of_o be_v suitor_n to_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n etc._n etc._n be_v a_o service_n incident_a to_o their_o tenor_n and_o before_o they_o many_o time_n ancient_o in_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o not_o private_o in_o a_o chamber_n be_v execute_v deed_n grant_n and_o donation_n of_o land_n contain_v in_o very_o small_a piece_n of_o parchment_n witness_v by_o thomas_n of_o such_o a_o town_n john_n of_o another_o richard_n of_o a_o three_o etc._n etc._n which_o be_v knight_n and_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o military_a service_n in_o those_o town_n of_o considerable_a estate_n and_o not_o the_o low_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o this_o execution_n of_o sales_n and_o assurance_n in_o open_a court_n be_v as_o public_a and_o notorious_a and_o as_o secure_v as_o if_o at_o that_o time_n there_o have_v be_v a_o public_a register_n for_o they_o f._n before_o i_o answer_v your_o conclusion_n from_o king_n vvilliam_n law_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v neither_o with_o the_o account_v you_o give_v how_o the_o commonâ—_n of_o england_n can_v come_v in_o to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n without_o any_o noise_n or_o notice_n take_v of_o it_o either_o by_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o historian_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o improbable_a but_o also_o quite_o contrary_a to_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o history_n itself_o as_o i_o shall_v i_o hope_v make_v good_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o subject_a nor_o be_v your_o argument_n of_o any_o weight_n since_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o william_n the_o conqueror_n so_o subject_v the_o land_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n to_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n that_o therefore_o this_o be_v do_v by_o his_o sole_a power_n without_o any_o law_n for_o it_o make_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o i_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o law_n of_o king_n william_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v that_o the_o very_a service_n which_o you_o say_v be_v reserve_v upon_o the_o land_n he_o have_v bestow_v be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o appoint_v or_o settle_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o therefore_o certain_o the_o service_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n must_v be_v so_o likewise_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v confess_v myself_o to_o be_v of_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n who_o presume_v there_o be_v a_o law_n for_o it_o though_o now_o lose_v and_o can_v believe_v that_o this_o king_n how_o powerful_a soever_o shall_v attempt_v to_o introduce_v so_o great_a a_o yoke_n upon_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o so_o many_o of_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n of_o england_n without_o their_o consent_n express_o give_v to_o a_o law_n and_o make_v in_o the_o great_a council_n concern_v it_o though_o that_o law_n as_o many_o other_o of_o this_o king_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v find_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a design_n of_o your_o present_a discourse_n which_o be_v to_o show_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v in_o the_o first_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n proper_o the_o only_a true_a freeman_n or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o first_o the_o notion_n be_v quite_o new_a and_o never_o hear_v of_o till_o the_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o first_o broach_v it_o neither_o mr._n lambard_n mr._n somneâ—_n nor_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n nor_o any_o of_o our_o english_a antiquary_n or_o lawyer_n ever_o discover_v any_o such_o thing_n before_o your_o dr._n arise_v to_o disperse_v these_o cloud_n every_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v no_o villain_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o freeman_n and_o every_o owner_n of_o land_n of_o inheritance_n though_o of_o never_o so_o small_a a_o proportion_n reckon_v a_o freeholder_n and_o his_o estate_n call_v his_o franc_n tenement_n or_o freehold_n as_o well_o in_o our_o ancient_n as_o modern_a law_n and_o that_o freehold_n be_v not_o restrain_v only_o to_o military_a service_n within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o conquest_n appear_v by_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o which_o it_o be_v express_o recite_v that_o nullus_fw-la distriâ—â—tur_fw-la ad_fw-la faciendum_fw-la majus_fw-la servitium_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la militis_fw-la nec_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la libero_fw-la tenemento_fw-it quâ—â—_n inde_fw-la debetur_fw-la and_o that_o socage_n tenant_n though_o by_o villain_n service_n be_v as_o much_o freeman_n as_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la see_v spelman_n glossary_a tit._n socman_n where_o he_o say_v thus_o socmannus_fw-la in_o natura_fw-la brevinan_n brevi_fw-la de_fw-fr recto_n propriè_fw-la talis_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-fr liâ—e_z est_fw-la &_o tenet_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la seu_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la domino_fw-la in_o antiquo_fw-la dominico_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la seu_fw-la tenementâ—_n in_o villenagio_n libro_fw-la sancti_fw-la albani_n tit._n honcton_n chap_n i._o rege_fw-la angliae_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la hâ—â—cton_n tenuerunt_fw-la in_o dominico_fw-la omnes_fw-la tenentes_fw-la liberi_fw-la scil_n &_o custumarii_fw-la per_fw-la sokam_fw-la defendebant_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la etc._n etc._n ex_fw-la quo_fw-la patet_fw-la sokmans_fw-mi liberos_fw-la 〈◊〉_d significare_fw-la but_o since_o you_o seem_v to_o make_v a_o distinction_n between_o freeman_n and_o freeholder_n proper_o or_o improper_o so_o call_v since_o king_n vvilliam_n law_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v do_v not_o warrant_v any_o such_o distinction_n i_o must_v beg_v your_o excuse_n if_o i_o be_o not_o of_o your_o opinion_n for_o the_o first_o law_n you_o have_v quote_v warrant_v no_o such_o thing_n it_o only_o say_v that_o all_o freeman_n in_o general_a shall_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o fealty_n to_o the_o king_n to_o maintain_v he_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n against_o 〈◊〉_d enemy_n and_o stranger_n now_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o this_o law_n extend_v to_o all_o freeman_n who_o be_v by_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n recite_v in_o the_o addition_n to_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n to_o take_v the_o very_a same_o oath_n in_o the_o folkmote_a as_o they_o be_v after_o your_o conquest_n to_o do_v according_a to_o this_o law_n either_o in_o the_o county_n court_v or_o sheriff_n turn_v nor_o will_v the_o next_o law_n do_v the_o business_n any_o more_o than_o this_o for_o the_o word_n be_v that_o all_o freeman_n of_o our_o say_a kingdom_n may_v have_v and_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n free_a from_o all_o â—njust_a taillage_n exaction_n etc._n etc._n which_o word_n possession_n extend_v not_o only_o to_o land_n of_o inheritance_n much_o less_o to_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n but_o also_o to_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o all_o other_o chattel_n or_o possession_n as_o well_o real_a as_o personal_a nor_o do_v the_o word_n servitium_n liberum_fw-la extend_v only_o to_o those_o service_n which_o be_v reserve_v upon_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o to_o those_o common_a service_n call_v trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la which_o i_o have_v former_o mention_v â—iz_o the_o building_n and_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n and_o expedition_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n
hold_v whole_o by_o socage_n tenure_n whereas_o it_o appear_v plain_o by_o littleton_n that_o tenant_n in_o petyt_n serjeanty_n be_v subject_a to_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v that_o near_o half_a the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v hold_v by_o bishop_n abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o who_o not_o a_o three_o part_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o will_v then_o likewise_o consider_v what_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o tenant_n those_o abbot_n prior_n dean_n and_o chapter_n who_o be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la at_o all_o must_v have_v have_v and_o who_o either_o hold_v estate_n in_o fee_n or_o else_o for_o life_n under_o they_o in_o socage_n as_o well_o as_o by_o knight_n service_n as_o also_o all_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o tenor_n i_o have_v already_o mention_v which_o either_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o some_o honour_n or_o castle_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o other_o tenor_n than_o knight_n service_n must_v certain_o conclude_v that_o not_o above_o one_o half_a of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v hold_v either_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o else_o of_o other_o mesne_n lord_n by_o that_o tenure_n so_o that_o if_o all_o these_o person_n which_o be_v far_o the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o freeholders_n in_o england_n shall_v have_v be_v thus_o exclude_v from_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v in_o our_o great_a council_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o we_o shall_v have_v find_v sufficient_a clamour_n in_o our_o history_n against_o so_o unjust_a a_o constitution_n and_o when_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v in_o arm_n against_o king_n john_n at_o running-mead_n they_o will_v likewise_o have_v insert_v a_o clause_n for_o themselves_o if_o they_o have_v not_o have_v their_o suffrage_n there_o before_o either_o by_o themselves_o in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o dare_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o any_o unprejudiced_a man_n whether_o it_o be_v not_o much_o more_o probable_a that_o the_o constitution_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n shall_v be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o time_n you_o assign_v than_o that_o so_o small_a a_o body_n of_o man_n as_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v represent_v all_o the_o freeholder_n and_o people_n of_o england_n who_o never_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n at_o all_o nor_o have_v you_o yet_o answer_v the_o quotation_n i_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o bracton_n in_o my_o last_o discourse_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o whoever_o will_v but_o consult_v that_o author_n in_o his_o chapter_n of_o tenor_n will_v find_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o power_n of_o charge_v all_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n at_o their_o pleasure_n that_o in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr tenuris_n it_o appear_v that_o a_o mesne_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v purchase_v a_o estate_n for_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n be_v liable_a to_o no_o other_o service_n and_o condition_n than_o what_o his_o tenure_n express_v which_o once_o perform_v the_o lord_n have_v no_o more_o to_o say_v to_o he_o and_o if_o so_o be_v he_o lay_v any_o further_a burden_n upon_o he_o he_o may_v have_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o acquital_n out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n against_o he_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n several_a form_n of_o which_o you_o may_v see_v in_o glanville_n and_o in_o the_o old_a register_n m._n we_o be_v not_o to_o rest_v upon_o mere_a probability_n for_o some_o thing_n that_o now_o appear_v to_o we_o unreasonable_a at_o this_o instant_n of_o time_n may_v then_o be_v very_o just_a for_o if_o the_o feudatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o bishop_n baron_n and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v well_o enough_o content_v with_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o it_o then_o be_v and_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o common_a council_n for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o that_o of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n great_a lord_n and_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o argue_v of_o any_o unreasonableness_n in_o or_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o such_o a_o constitution_n though_o perhaps_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la nor_o yet_o by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o feudatary_a tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v upon_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o service_n acquit_v of_o all_o other_o charge_n yet_o this_o be_v still_o to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o ordinary_a service_n as_o those_o tenant_n be_v to_o perform_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o tenor_n such_o as_o be_v scutage_n service_n or_o the_o attend_v upon_o their_o lord_n when_o they_o go_v out_o to_o war_n along_o with_o the_o king_n but_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o such_o scutage_n as_o be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n or_o as_o a_o tax_n upon_o land_n by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o nation_n for_o then_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v not_o only_o the_o grantor_n but_o the_o collector_n too_o of_o such_o scutage_n tax_n from_o their_o military_a tenant_n and_o the_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n be_v different_a from_o those_o for_o scutage_n service_n and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o i_o desire_v you_o will_v peruâ—e_v that_o writ_n which_o the_o dr._n quote_v of_o the_o 19_o of_o hen._n iii_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o that_o year_n dorso_fw-la rex_fw-la vice_n comiti_fw-la sussex_n salutem_fw-la scias_n quod_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la abbates_n priâ—reâ—_n comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la spontanea_fw-la voluâ—â—â—te_fw-la suâ—_n &_o sine_fw-la conâ—uetudine_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la nobis_fw-la efficax_n auxilium_fw-la ad_fw-la magna_fw-la negotia_fw-la nostra_fw-la expedienda_fw-la unde_fw-la provisum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d de_fw-la consilâ—o_fw-la illorum_fw-la quod_fw-la habeamus_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n quae_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_n in_fw-la gapite_fw-la duâ—s_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la faciendum_fw-la &_o unde_fw-la proviâ—erint_fw-la reddere_fw-la nobis_fw-la unam_fw-la medietatem_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la micâ—aelis_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 19_o &_o aliam_fw-la medictatem_fw-la ad_fw-la pasche_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la â—osirâ—_n 20._o ideo_fw-la tibi_fw-la precipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la capite_fw-la ad_fw-la mandatum_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la patris_fw-la r._n cicestren_a episcopi_fw-la cancellarii_n nostri_fw-la sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la distringas_fw-la omnes_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o liberos_fw-la tenentes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la tenent_n per_fw-la servitium_n militare_fw-la in_o balliva_fw-la tua_fw-la ad_fw-la redlendum_fw-la ei_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la feotis_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o wardis_n dvas_fw-la marcas_fw-la ad_fw-la predictum_fw-la auxilium_fw-la nobis_fw-la per_fw-la manum_fw-la svam_fw-la reddendum_fw-la in_o terminis_fw-la predictis_fw-la sic_fw-la scribitur_fw-la pro_fw-la aliis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la now_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o tell_v i_o whether_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o this_o tax_n be_v grant_v by_o a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o that_o clause_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n i_o have_v now_o cite_v wherein_o it_o be_v first_o especial_o provide_v that_o no_o aid_n or_o scutage_n shall_v be_v impose_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n unless_o by_o the_o common_a council_n thereof_o and_o yet_o you_o see_v by_o this_o writ_n that_o the_o archbishop_n etc._n etc._n with_o the_o baron_n there_o mention_v together_o with_o the_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o grant_v a_o aid_n or_o scutage_n tax_v of_o two_o mark_n for_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o that_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o not_o only_o those_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v in_o their_o hand_n but_o also_o all_o those_o subseudatary_a tenant_n call_v here_o freeholder_n who_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n be_v likewise_o charge_v for_o every_o knight_n fee_n so_o hold_v the_o like_a sum_n of_o two_o mark_n now_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a from_o this_o record_n than_o that_o this_o be_v a_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o yet_o consist_v of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o and_o therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o show_v i_o some_o better_a proof_n than_o you_o yet_o have_v do_v that_o these_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o make_v a_o distinct_a council_n different_a from_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n f._n i_o grant_v this_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n to_o be_v a_o good_a authority_n for_o
of_o parliament_n and_o tax_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v law_n make_v and_o tax_n give_v when_o their_o bishop_n or_o earl_n be_v present_a which_o be_v not_o so_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n if_o the_o earl_n have_v be_v the_o representative_a in_o parliament_n of_o his_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o otherwise_o as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o abbey_n and_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n itself_o and_o all_o other_o great_a town_n in_o that_o county_n his_o vote_n in_o parliament_n will_v have_v oblige_v all_o of_o they_o and_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o whole_a county_n in_o which_o they_o then_o make_v law_n and_o tax_v themselves_o as_o a_o separate_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o may_v appear_v from_o these_o follow_a record_n which_o mr._n a._n have_v give_v we_o the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v a_o writ_n of_o k._n edw._n i._n 6._o direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioriâ—us_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la â—liis_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o comitat._n câ—striae_fw-la recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o prelate_n count_n baron_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la have_v give_v he_o a_o 15_o the_o of_o their_o movable_n he_o desire_v that_o they_o also_o will_v of_o their_o benevolence_n and_o courtesy_n in_o latin_a curialitate_fw-la grant_v he_o the_o like_a subsidy_n which_o note_n can_v not_o be_v do_v out_o of_o a_o common_a council_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o writ_n of_o the_o 20_o the_o of_o this_o king_n recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la b._n &_o communitas_fw-la cestriae_fw-la sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la 15_o mam_n partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la gratiose_fw-la now_o suppose_v as_o the_o doctor_n always_o do_v that_o these_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la what_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o signify_v but_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o they_o viz._n the_o communality_n or_o commons_o of_o that_o county_n and_o which_o be_v also_o remarkable_a this_o county_n be_v now_o fall_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n male_a of_o the_o last_o earl_n and_o so_o according_a to_o the_o doctor_n notion_n the_o king_n be_v their_o sole_a representative_a need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v behold_v to_o they_o for_o these_o subsidy_n since_o though_o not_o as_o king_n yet_o as_o earl_n of_o chester_n he_o may_v have_v tax_v they_o himself_o which_o yet_o he_o think_v not_o fit_a to_o do_v because_o he_o know_v it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o that_o county_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o the_o grant_n of_o it_o to_o hugh_n lupus_n by_o will._n i._n always_o be_v tax_v by_o themselves_o which_o privilege_n be_v also_o express_o set_v forth_o in_o a_o supplication_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o this_o county_n palatine_n to_o k._n henry_n the_o six_o which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o from_o a_o ancient_a copy_n of_o it_o then_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n thomas_n manwaring_n of_o that_o county_n 46._o baronet_n wherein_o the_o abbot_n prior_n and_o clergy_n baron_n knight_n esquire_n and_o commonalty_n set_v forth_o that_o they_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o earl_n do_v make_v and_o admit_v law_n within_o the_o same_o etc._n etc._n and_o that_o no_o inheritor_n or_o possessor_n within_o the_o say_a county_n be_v chargeable_a or_o liable_a or_o be_v bind_v charge_v or_o hurt_v of_o their_o body_n liberty_n franchise_n land_n good_n or_o possession_n unless_o the_o say_a county_n have_v agree_v unto_o it_o now_o what_o can_v here_o be_v mean_v by_o county_n but_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n thereof_o since_o otherwise_o they_o can_v make_v no_o law_n nor_o do_v any_o other_o public_a act_n the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o durham_n which_o from_o the_o grant_v thereof_o by_o william_n rufus_n to_o the_o then_o bishop_n have_v always_o be_v tax_v by_o themselves_o 9_o and_o not_o by_o the_o bishop_n in_o parliament_n and_o that_o as_o low_o as_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n 3._o as_o appear_v by_o this_o record_n of_o the_o 14_o the_o of_o that_o king_n contain_v a_o letter_n or_o commission_n to_o r._n bishop_n of_o durham_n recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commons_o of_o county_n have_v give_v he_o a_o 9th_o of_o their_o good_n there_o mention_v that_o therefore_o the_o bishop_n shall_v convene_v the_o magnate_v &_o communitatem_fw-la libertatis_fw-la vestrae_fw-la to_o wit_n of_o his_o county_n palatine_n ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la with_o all_o convenient_a speed_n and_o that_o do_v to_o persuade_v and_o excite_v the_o say_a magnate_n &_o communitas_fw-la to_o grant_v the_o king_n the_o like_a or_o a_o large_a subsidy_n or_o aid_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o war_n which_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a if_o the_o bishop_n or_o the_o king_n can_v in_o those_o day_n have_v tax_v this_o county_n at_o their_o pleasure_n now_o if_o these_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o tax_n their_o mesne_n tenant_n without_o their_o consent_n much_o less_o can_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o england_n impose_v tax_n on_o their_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n or_o in_o socage_n without_o their_o consent_n which_o last_o have_v a_o much_o less_o dependence_n upon_o they_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o consider_v these_o precedent_n of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n and_o durham_n and_o therefore_o can_v say_v nothing_o to_o they_o at_o present_a since_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n but_o as_o to_o reason_n and_o law_n i_o think_v it_o be_v consonant_a to_o both_o 171._o that_o not_o only_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n but_o socage_n tenure_n shall_v be_v find_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o superior_a lord_n of_o who_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v former_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o though_o in_o process_n of_o time_n many_o of_o these_o estate_n and_o land_n become_v free_a tenement_n or_o be_v hold_v in_o socage_n that_o be_v be_v free_a holder_n yet_o the_o lord_n retain_v homage_n which_o in_o the_o time_n we_o now_o write_v of_o be_v no_o idle_a insignificant_a word_n and_o by_o that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o estate_n whereby_o upon_o disobedience_n treachery_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n etc._n etc._n the_o land_n be_v forfeit_v to_o they_o and_o although_o the_o land_n nor_o the_o tenant_n of_o they_o which_o be_v term_v freeholders_n be_v subject_a to_o any_o base_a service_n or_o servile_a work_n yet_o the_o lord_n have_v a_o great_a power_n over_o these_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o do_v homage_n to_o they_o which_o though_o now_o antiquate_v yet_o eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la their_o land_n be_v many_o way_n liable_a to_o forfeiture_n and_o tax_n too_o so_o that_o upon_o all_o these_o account_n it_o be_v then_o as_o reasonable_a that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v in_o those_o day_n make_v law_n and_o grant_v tax_n for_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o scotland_n shall_v do_v so_o to_o this_o very_a day_n for_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o kingdom_n of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o to_o this_o argument_n which_o be_v certain_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v yet_o answer_v nothing_o nor_o do_v i_o believe_v can_v f._n i_o can_v see_v notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o the_o superior_a lord_n by_o reason_n of_o homage_n shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o their_o tenant_n estate_n for_o though_o in_o the_o profession_n of_o homage_n to_o the_o lord_n i_o grant_v the_o tenant_n thereby_o promise_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n man_n yet_o he_o never_o thereby_o mean_v to_o become_v his_o slave_n and_o there_o be_v mutual_a duty_n on_o both_o side_n so_o that_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v to_o protect_v his_o tenant_n in_o his_o estate_n or_o unjust_o oppress_v he_o he_o may_v have_v refuse_v nay_o renounce_v his_o homage_n till_o the_o lord_n have_v do_v he_o right_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v how_o a_o bare_a right_n of_o have_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o the_o case_n you_o have_v put_v which_o yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o be_v never_o so_o strict_a in_o respect_n of_o socage_n as_o military_a tenure_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o be_v it_o worth_a while_n for_o if_o this_o right_n of_o forfeiture_n alone_o can_v give_v the_o superior_a lord_n a_o power_n over_o his_o tenant_n estate_n to_o make_v law_n for_o
whole_a nation_n as_o to_o entreat_v the_o king_n to_o admit_v their_o under-tenant_n to_o partake_v of_o so_o large_a a_o share_n in_o both_o be_v so_o extravagant_a a_o fancy_n that_o if_o it_o have_v not_o suit_v with_o the_o doctor_n be_v present_a hypothesis_n he_o will_v never_o have_v assert_v it_o in_o cold_a blood_n since_o himself_o affirm_v that_o upon_o the_o make_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n that_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capâ—â—e_n be_v the_o only_a party_n to_o it_o and_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o tenant_n who_o be_v there_o present_a be_v only_o their_o retinue_n and_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n which_o be_v with_o they_o at_o runnemede_o and_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 51._o all_o the_o rest_n be_v only_a follower_n who_o help_v to_o augment_v the_o noise_n and_o be_v not_o lawmaker_n for_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a say_v the_o doctor_n very_o well_o that_o those_o man_n that_o have_v the_o force_n of_o the_o nation_n will_v permit_v man_n of_o small_a reputation_n to_o share_v with_o they_o in_o law-making_a those_o that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o this_o or_o any_o other_o nation_n de_fw-fr facâ—o_n always_o do_v give_v law_n and_o tax_v the_o people_n but_o it_o seem_v these_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v either_o very_a stiff_a to_o maintain_v or_o else_o easy_a to_o give_v up_o their_o privilege_n just_a as_o it_o best_o suit_n with_o the_o doctor_n present_a occasion_n but_o the_o doctor_n may_v contradict_v himself_o as_o much_o as_o he_o please_v since_o it_o be_v not_o his_o fault_n but_o his_o hypothesis_n that_o have_v lead_v he_o into_o it_o m._n i_o confess_v it_o do_v seem_v somewhat_o hard_o at_o present_a to_o conceive_v it_o but_o we_o know_v not_o what_o reason_n the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v have_v have_v to_o desire_v the_o concurrence_n of_o these_o knight_n of_o shire_n at_o this_o juncture_n 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he_o to_o cause_n to_o come_v before_o he_o to_o the_o parliament_n at_o lincoln_n the_o same_o knight_n citizeâ—n_n and_o burgess_n as_o be_v before_o elect_v now_o the_o king_n may_v have_v very_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o why_o he_o will_v rather_o treat_v with_o they_o than_o with_o any_o other_o because_o they_o have_v be_v privy_a to_o all_o the_o precedent_a transaction_n concern_v this_o business_n of_o forest_n and_o therefore_o be_v most_o likely_a to_o come_v to_o the_o speedy_a conclusion_n with_o the_o king_n in_o that_o affair_n as_o be_v better_o instruct_v in_o it_o than_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o any_o new_a member_n to_o be_v who_o have_v not_o before_o be_v privy_a to_o the_o whole_a affair_n yet_o that_o the_o king_n never_o intend_v hereby_o to_o impose_v representative_n upon_o his_o people_n without_o their_o free_a consent_n appear_v by_o this_o clause_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o say_v write_v 〈◊〉_d quâ—d_n milites_fw-la cave_n &_o burgenses_n praedicti_fw-la dictis_fw-la die_fw-la &_o loco_fw-la nâ—â—dis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la interâ—ut_fw-la eum_fw-la plena_fw-la potestate_fw-la audâ—endi_fw-la &_o faciendi_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la ibidem_fw-la in_o praemissâ—â—_n ordinaeri_fw-la contingent_a pro_fw-la cummuni_fw-la commodo_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la now_o how_o these_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n can_v appear_v in_o parliament_n with_o full_a power_n of_o act_v therein_o without_o the_o new_a election_n or_o confirmation_n at_o least_o of_o those_o who_o they_o represent_v i_o shall_v be_v very_o glad_a â—f_n the_o doctor_n or_o yourself_o can_v inform_v i_o but_o to_o come_v to_o your_o next_o record_n of_o the_o 45_o edw._n 3._o whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o king_n in_o those_o day_n have_v a_o power_n of_o appoint_v not_o only_a how_o many_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n shall_v appear_v in_o parliament_n for_o each_o county_n but_o also_o can_v name_v the_o person_n that_o shall_v appear_v therein_o 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of_o the_o marginal_a reference_n to_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n petyr_n but_o since_o the_o doctor_n know_v very_o well_o how_o to_o distinguish_v his_o own_o from_o the_o author_n matter_n and_o that_o those_o who_o be_v conversant_a in_o his_o writing_n may_v do_v so_o likewise_o he_o hope_v both_o the_o doctor_n and_o the_o reader_n will_v the_o more_o easy_o forgive_v it_o especial_o since_o you_o will_v find_v he_o so_o fair_a a_o representer_n as_o not_o to_o curtail_v the_o doctor_n argument_n but_o rather_o to_o enlarge_v they_o whâ—â—_n he_o think_v he_o have_v a_o just_a occasion_n finis_fw-la bibliotheca_fw-la politica_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n by_o way_n of_o dialogue_n be_v a_o continuation_n of_o the_o former_a discourse_n concern_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n wherein_o the_o best_a authority_n for_o it_o be_v propose_v and_o examine_v with_o a_o entrance_n upon_o the_o question_n of_o nonresistance_n etc._n etc._n the_o three_o part._n 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prescription_n to_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o but_o if_o dr_n brady_n or_o any_o friend_n of_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a to_o animadvert_v upon_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v here_o lay_v down_o i_o shall_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v concern_v at_o it_o that_o i_o shall_v rather_o be_v very_o well_o satisfy_v sâ—nce_o as_o a_o fair_a representer_n of_o other_o man_n opinion_n who_o write_v not_o for_o victory_n but_o the_o discovery_n of_o truth_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a if_o the_o dr._n or_o any_o other_o learned_a person_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o give_v the_o world_n great_a light_n on_o this_o subject_a by_o publish_v somewhat_o that_o be_v now_o and_o more_o convince_a then_o what_o have_v be_v heretofore_o do_v for_o have_v it_o appear_v so_o to_o i_o i_o declare_v i_o shall_v not_o have_v take_v so_o much_o pain_n to_o set_v down_o the_o argument_n on_o both_o side_n which_o i_o shall_v still_o continue_v to_o do_v if_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v perform_v material_a in_o this_o kind_n i_o have_v to_o make_v up_o this_o discourse_n just_o enter_v upon_o the_o question_n of_o nonresistance_n but_o can_v go_v far_o in_o it_o now_o but_o shall_v leave_v what_o be_v to_o be_v fâ—rther_o say_v upon_o that_o important_a subject_n to_o the_o next_o dialogue_n which_o will_v be_v speedy_o publish_v the_o eight_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n and_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n m._n i_o be_o glad_a to_o see_v you_o again_o so_o soon_o for_o indeed_o i_o be_o very_o impatient_a to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o this_o great_a question_n concern_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o commons_o appear_v in_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o pray_v go_v on_o where_o you_o leave_v off_o and_o give_v i_o those_o plain_a proof_n you_o promise_v i_o whereby_o you_o will_v make_v out_o that_o both_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n have_v a_o right_a to_o be_v there_o ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n for_o i_o 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he_o as_o to_o those_o point_n in_o a_o short_a time_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n let_v we_o proceed_v in_o our_o intend_a design_n and_o examine_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o argument_n you_o have_v to_o produce_v on_o your_o side_n f._n i_o shall_v obey_v your_o command_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n you_o can_v expect_v more_o than_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o give_v you_o for_o since_o all_o the_o parliament-roll_n and_o writ_n of_o summons_n except_o those_o of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o be_v lose_v till_o after_o the_o time_n in_o question_n between_o we_o you_o must_v be_v content_v with_o what_o other_o proof_n we_o can_v produce_v provide_v they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v any_o unbyast_n indifferent_a person_n and_o to_o this_o end_n i_o shall_v sort_v the_o authority_n i_o intend_v to_o
to_o examine_v this_o quotation_n because_o i_o confess_v it_o seem_v very_o specious_a at_o first_o sight_n but_o if_o it_o be_v thorough_o examine_v will_v make_v nothing_o at_o all_o for_o you_o 301._o and_o to_o this_o end_n pray_v let_v we_o read_v the_o dr_n observation_n on_o this_o passage_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o argumentum_fw-la antinormaunicum_fw-la f._n but_o you_o need_v not_o read_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o paragraph_n since_o i_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o the_o dr._n as_o that_o by_o principes_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinus_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o this_o author_n render_v they_o who_o the_o dr._n here_o write_v against_o the_o chief_a 301._o or_o principal_a man_n of_o several_a rank_n or_o condition_n but_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a man_n of_o both_o order_n viz._n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v as_o the_o dr._n here_o will_v have_v it_o that_o these_o principes_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la be_v only_o bishop_n â—_o abbot_n and_o great_a dignify_a clergyman_n only_o and_o the_o procene_n and_o magnate_v the_o earl_n baron_n and_o temporal_a nobility_n alone_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v he_o produce_v several_a quotation_n out_o of_o florence_n of_o worcester_n malmsbury_n eadmer_n to_o prove_v that_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la ecclesiastici_fw-la &_o secularis_fw-la ordinis_fw-la primate_fw-la regni_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v at_o these_o council_n yet_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n principes_fw-la and_o primate_fw-la do_v not_o in_o their_o proper_a signification_n signify_v none_o but_o bishop_n or_o dignify_v clergyman_n on_o the_o temporal_a nobility_n only_o since_o these_o word_n mean_v no_o more_o than_o chief_a principal_n or_o most_o considerable_a man_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n who_o have_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n dignity_n or_o estate_n any_o place_n in_o our_o general_n council_n at_o that_o time_n and_o which_o do_v certain_o comprehend_v the_o inferior_a clergy_n also_o though_o the_o dr._n have_v make_v bold_a to_o pass_v they_o by_o without_o any_o notice_n take_v of_o they_o and_o if_o they_o be_v then_o there_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n the_o lesser_a nobility_n or_o commons_o be_v also_o summon_v from_o divers_a province_n city_n and_o great_a to_n m._n well_o but_o pray_v see_v here_o do_v not_o the_o dr._n prove_v plain_a enough_o that_o this_o gentleman_n he_o write_v against_o be_v mistake_v in_o his_o translation_n ibid._n and_o apply_v the_o word_n provinciis_fw-la &_o vrbibus_fw-la for_o chief_a layman_n from_o divers_a country_n city_n and_o burrough_n whereas_o the_o dr._n here_o prove_v that_o the_o word_n mention_v in_o this_o passage_n can_v here_o mean_v layman_n send_v from_o county_n to_o city_n but_o only_o the_o bishop_n who_o seat_n be_v here_o call_v urbes_fw-la and_o which_o as_o the_o dr._n show_v we_o be_v by_o a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o london_n in_o the_o year_n 1077._o be_v the_o 11_o of_o king_n william_n translate_v from_o village_n to_o city_n as_o be_v sherburn_n in_o dorsetshire_n remove_v to_o sarum_n selsey_n to_o chichester_n litchfield_n to_o chester_n which_o be_v before_o this_o council_n at_o westminster_n cite_v by_o sulcardus_n 302._o which_o this_o author_n place_n in_o the_o 14_o of_o this_o king_n and_o the_o dr._n here_o far_o prove_v from_o these_o word_n follow_v pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la christianae_n ecclesiâ—e_fw-la that_o this_o universal_a synod_n be_v call_v for_o hear_v and_o handle_v the_o cause_n of_o every_o christian_a church_n that_o these_o word_n every_o christian_a church_n must_v certain_o mean_v many_o church_n in_o england_n which_o in_o reason_n and_o probability_n can_v not_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o small_a parish-church_n all_o the_o nation_n over_o and_o therefore_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o cathedral_n or_o churches_n where_o bishop_n seat_n than_o be_v or_o where_o they_o have_v be_v or_o be_v to_o be_v remove_v f._n pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v this_o comment_n of_o your_o doctor_n before_o we_o proceed_v far_o in_o the_o first_o place_n suppose_v i_o grant_v he_o that_o by_o urbes_fw-la may_v here_o be_v mean_v such_o city_n as_o have_v bishop_n seat_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o shall_v signify_v no_o other_o city_n or_o town_n but_o bishop_n seat_n only_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v in_o the_o modern_a acceptation_n of_o this_o word_n vrbs_fw-la here_o in_o england_n a_o city_n and_o a_o bishop_n seat_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o at_o first_o it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o then_o there_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o law_n you_o mention_v whereby_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o bishop_n see_v shall_v be_v remove_v from_o village_n to_o city_n nor_o it_o seem_v be_v all_o of_o they_o so_o remove_v at_o this_o council_n you_o mention_v since_o the_o dr._n show_v we_o from_o this_o very_a place_n here_o cite_v that_o some_o of_o they_o still_o remain_v in_o villis_fw-la &_o vicis_fw-la in_o village_n and_o small_a town_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v here_o say_v dilatum_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la regis_fw-la audientiam_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la transmarinis_fw-la tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la bella_fw-la gerebat_fw-la â—and_v though_o the_o dr._n here_o suppose_v though_o i_o know_v not_o on_o what_o ground_n that_o the_o person_n summon_v by_o the_o king_n to_o this_o synod_n from_o province_n and_o city_n be_v such_o as_o be_v concern_v or_o able_a to_o advise_v the_o king_n in_o this_o matter_n of_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o place_n whither_o the_o removal_n be_v to_o be_v make_v as_o dean_n arch-deacon_n and_o other_o dignify_a person_n and_o church_n officer_n as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o laity_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o the_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o great_a nobility_n who_o be_v in_o those_o day_n present_a in_o those_o assembly_n now_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v from_o these_o word_n of_o the_o doctor_n that_o even_o in_o his_o own_o supposition_n all_o city_n have_v not_o yet_o bishop_n seat_n annex_v to_o they_o and_o therefore_o the_o word_n vrbibus_fw-la can_v mean_v bishop_n seat_n alone_o but_o any_o other_o great_a or_o wall_a to_n but_o the_o worst_a of_o it_o be_v it_o fall_v out_o very_o unlucky_o for_o the_o dr._n that_o this_o charter_n we_o now_o mention_v bear_v date_n a._n d._n 1075._o two_o year_n before_o this_o law_n for_o remove_v bishop_n see_v to_o city_n be_v make_v so_o that_o all_o his_o learned_a comment_n on_o that_o matter_n signify_v just_a nothing_o and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o doctor_n very_o rational_a conclusion_n which_o have_v no_o other_o ground_n than_o his_o own_o fancy_n to_o support_v they_o in_o the_o next_o place_n pray_v observe_v the_o dr._n own_v that_o by_o these_o principes_fw-la universi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la be_v mean_v the_o chief_a clergyman_n and_o nobility_n he_o there_o muster_v up_o but_o pass_v by_o or_o else_o do_v not_o consider_v the_o whole_a context_n of_o these_o word_n hii_fw-la autem_fw-la illo_fw-la tempori_fw-la diversis_fw-la provinciis_fw-la &_o vrbibus_fw-la ad_fw-la universalem_fw-la synodum_fw-la convocati_fw-la which_o must_v certain_o refer_v to_o the_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la to_o the_o chief_a and_o considerable_a man_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v alike_o summon_v from_o divers_a country_n and_o city_n and_o great_a town_n to_o this_o synod_n now_o pray_v do_v you_o or_o your_o dr._n tell_v i_o if_o he_o can_v what_o earl_n baron_n or_o great_a nobleman_n be_v then_o summon_v from_o city_n or_o great_a town_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n and_o dean_n of_o cathedral_n which_o if_o you_o can_v do_v i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o we_o may_v not_o understand_v these_o principes_fw-la regni_fw-la who_o be_v also_o summon_v from_o the_o country_n and_o city_n for_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o those_o city_n and_o town_n at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o think_v the_o dr._n be_v as_o much_o out_o in_o his_o interpretation_n of_o the_o word_n pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la for_o the_o cause_n of_o every_o cathedral_n church_n since_o it_o must_v certain_o mean_v not_o only_a cathedral_n church_n but_o all_o other_o church_n whether_o parochial_a or_o conventual_a for_o that_o it_o take_v in_o the_o latter_a appear_v by_o one_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o summon_n this_o council_n which_o be_v chief_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n which_o sure_o be_v no_o cathedral_n church_n and_o yet_o must_v be_v some_o church_n or_o ecclesiastical_a corporation_n or_o else_o this_o synod_n can_v have_v have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o it_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o this_o general_a
drink_v f._n very_o well_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v easy_o answer_v your_o and_o the_o dr_n learned_a observation_n first_o as_o for_o the_o monkish_a hyperbolical_a phrase_n of_o innumerae_fw-la or_o numerosa_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n multitude_n i_o confess_v you_o may_v suppose_v there_o be_v somewhat_o in_o they_o if_o they_o have_v be_v peculiar_a only_o to_o one_o or_o two_o of_o they_o but_o when_o all_o these_o writer_n do_v with_o one_o consent_n agree_v in_o almost_o the_o same_o word_n to_o express_v all_o the_o member_n of_o such_o council_n i_o can_v see_v how_o they_o can_v have_v write_v thus_o unless_o they_o intend_v to_o be_v understand_v literal_o that_o there_o be_v great_a number_n both_o of_o clergyman_n and_o laic_n who_o appear_v as_o member_n of_o those_o assembly_n far_o more_o than_o the_o dr_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la &_o that_o they_o have_v also_o vote_n therein_o appear_v by_o that_o passage_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o king_n stephen_n charter_n 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constitution_n by_o placet_fw-la placet_fw-la placet_fw-la and_o consider_v what_o the_o same_o sulcardus_n have_v say_v in_o the_o next_o council_n of_o the_o 4_o the_o of_o king_n stephen_n when_o after_o concilio_n adunato_fw-la cleri_fw-la &_o populi_n and_o a_o recital_n of_o the_o bishop_n he_o conclude_v with_o monachorum_fw-la &_o clericorum_fw-la plebisque_fw-la infinitae_fw-la multitudinis_fw-la as_o all_o alike_a member_n of_o it_o now_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o yourself_o or_o any_o sober_a unprejudiced_a person_n to_o consider_v whether_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o so_o grave_a and_o august_a a_o thing_n as_o the_o r._n charter_n of_o a_o prince_n shall_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o frothy_a consent_n and_o applause_n of_o the_o mere_a rabble_n or_o mob_n whether_o of_o the_o clergy_n or_o laity_n or_o so_o judicious_a a_o writer_n as_o this_o author_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o historian_n now_o cite_v shall_v have_v nothing_o else_o to_o do_v but_o to_o record_v to_o posterity_n for_o a_o very_a remarkable_a transaction_n that_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o the_o ossuary_n or_o vulgar_a sort_n of_o people_n come_v to_o these_o assembly_n only_o to_o shout_n and_o make_v a_o noise_n for_o good_a victual_n and_o drink_v and_o therefore_o the_o dr._n and_o you_o i_o hope_v will_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o still_o keep_v my_o former_a opinion_n that_o both_o the_o arch-bishop_n lanfranc_n and_o anselm_n be_v not_o only_o name_v or_o propose_v by_o k._n william_n the_o first_o and_o second_o in_o the_o common_a or_o general_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o be_v also_o therein_o elect_v or_o choose_v by_o the_o citrus_a and_o populus_fw-la according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o that_o age_n and_o the_o literal_a meaning_n of_o those_o ancient_a author_n 300._o who_o word_n the_o dr._n either_o leave_v out_o of_o strive_v to_o wrest_v to_o quit_v another_o seâ—ses_n nor_o to_o his_o objection_n against_o the_o election_n of_o lanfranc_n at_o all_o considerable_a for_o as_o to_o the_o first_o objection_n against_o the_o literal_a sense_n of_o the_o old_a author_n â—â—â—nted_v at_o the_o end_n of_o tailor_n be_v gavel_n kind_n that_o he_o can_v not_o be_v elect_v consensu_fw-la totius_fw-la populi_n angliae_fw-la because_o who_o can_v believe_v that_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n or_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o they_o ever_o know_v or_o understand_v of_o lanfranc_n be_v make_v archbishop_n now_o pray_v let_v i_o ask_v you_o this_o question_n suppose_v this_o election_n have_v be_v make_v in_o a_o general_n 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o clergy_n alone_o and_o the_o word_n have_v be_v instead_o of_o totius_fw-la populi_n totius_fw-la cleri_fw-la anglicae_fw-la will_v it_o not_o have_v be_v mere_a cavil_v to_o ask_v how_o all_o the_o clergy_n of_o england_n can_v leave_v their_o live_n and_o come_v up_o to_o give_v their_o consent_n at_o this_o election_n or_o that_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o they_o ever_o know_v of_o it_o since_o every_o body_n be_v sensible_a those_o word_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o a_o literal_a but_o legal_a sense_n that_o be_v the_o whole_a clergy_n be_v say_v to_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o a_o thing_n when_o they_o do_v it_o by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n the_o bishop_n and_o procurator_n of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n and_o why_o may_v not_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o england_n be_v as_o well_o say_v to_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o this_o election_n by_o their_o lawful_a representative_n at_o that_o time_n but_o that_o we_o be_v not_o singular_a in_o this_o opinion_n pray_v see_v what_o archbishop_n parker_n say_v in_o his_o antiquitates_fw-la brittannicae_n of_o this_o election_n of_o lanfranc_n celeberrima_fw-la est_fw-la autem_fw-la huius_fw-la prae_fw-la caeteris_fw-la electio_fw-la etc._n etc._n electus_n est_fw-la enim_fw-la à _fw-la majoribus_fw-la cantuarensis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la tâ—n_fw-la accessâ—t_fw-la procerum_fw-la atque_fw-la praesulum_fw-la totiusque_fw-la quasi_fw-la populi_n consensus_fw-la in_o aula_n regis_fw-la quod_fw-la sanè_fw-la est_fw-la inslar_fw-la senatus_n seu_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la anglicani_n as_o for_o the_o next_o objection_n against_o this_o election_n of_o lanfranc_n it_o be_v yet_o weak_a than_o the_o former_a because_o the_o dr._n have_v answer_v this_o question_n himself_o how_o the_o english_a saxon_a bishop_n baron_n and_o the_o whole_a people_n shall_v choose_v a_o stranger_n a_o person_n they_o have_v never_o know_v and_o postpone_v all_o their_o deserve_a countryman_n now_o pray_v read_v a_o very_a good_a solution_n to_o this_o difficulty_n if_o he_o may_v be_v believe_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n wherein_o he_o tell_v we_o 15._o that_o king_n william_n have_v take_v away_o from_o the_o english_a their_o estate_n and_o give_v they_o to_o his_o norman_n and_o that_o this_o he_o do_v from_o his_o very_a first_o come_n in_o and_o then_o reckon_v up_o the_o earldom_n he_o give_v to_o 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now_o any_o canonical_a election_n of_o bishop_n in_o
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be_v again_o restore_v and_o sufficient_o secure_v to_o they_o so_o that_o though_o i_o will_v not_o bring_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n as_o a_o precedent_n for_o the_o parliament_n depose_v of_o the_o king_n yet_o i_o think_v i_o may_v make_v use_n of_o it_o thus_o far_o that_o this_o nation_n have_v ever_o exercise_v this_o necessary_a right_n of_o defend_v their_o liberty_n and_o property_n when_o invade_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o minister_n either_o by_o colour_n of_o law_n or_o open_a force_n and_o that_o this_o have_v be_v the_o constant_a practice_n from_o almost_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n down_o to_o late_a age_n i_o think_v i_o can_v make_v out_o from_o sufficient_a authority_n both_o from_o history_n and_o record_n m._n though_o your_o doctrine_n be_v not_o so_o bad_a as_o i_o expect_v yet_o it_o be_v still_o bad_a enough_o and_o i_o never_o know_v this_o right_n of_o resistance_n carry_v home_o but_o that_o it_o always_o end_v in_o depose_v 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the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n in_o former_a age_n but_o that_o it_o have_v be_v also_o allow_v by_o our_o king_n and_o approve_v of_o by_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o those_o time_n for_o lawful_a and_o the_o actor_n in_o it_o whole_o indemnify_v and_o save_v harmless_a nay_o a_o power_n give_v they_o and_o that_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o to_o resist_v he_o and_o defend_v themselves_o in_o case_n he_o break_v his_o charter_n and_o agreement_n make_v to_o and_o with_o his_o nobility_n and_o people_n or_o else_o with_o some_o foreign_a prince_n may_v appear_v from_o this_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o king_n henry_n two_o at_o the_o end_n of_o who_o reign_n hoveden_n in_o his_o annal_n poster_n give_v we_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o peace_n make_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o this_o king_n between_o he_o and_o philip_n king_n of_o france_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n where_o among_o other_o article_n you_o will_v find_v this_o for_o one_o particular_o relate_v to_o the_o baron_n of_o england_n who_o be_v also_o to_o swear_v to_o the_o peace_n in_o these_o term_n et_fw-la omnes_fw-la barones_n angliae_fw-la jurabunt_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la noluerit_fw-la have_v conditiones_n tenere_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsi_fw-la tenebunt_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la francia_fw-la &_o comite_fw-la richardo_n &_o choose_fw-la adjâ—vabunt_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la contra_fw-la regeâ—_n angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n whence_o we_o may_v without_o doubt_n conclude_v that_o the_o resistance_n of_o subject_n in_o some_o case_n against_o their_o king_n be_v then_o allow_v of_o even_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o think_v not_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o allegiance_n they_o bear_v he_o though_o it_o may_v suspend_v it_o for_o a_o time_n m._n i_o confess_v this_o instance_n will_v be_v of_o some_o weight_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o critical_a time_n when_o this_o peace_n be_v make_v viz._n when_o richard_n earl_n of_o 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n have_v rebel_v against_o his_o father_n and_o take_v part_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o have_v draw_v over_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o norman_a and_o pictavian_n and_o english_a baron_n to_o his_o party_n which_o when_o king_n henry_n perceive_v this_o very_a author_n you_o have_v quote_v here_o tell_v you_o quod_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o arcto_fw-la positus_fw-la pacem_fw-la fecit_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la philippo_n that_o be_v be_v constrain_v to_o make_v peace_n with_o he_o so_o that_o king_n henry_n be_v in_o this_o straight_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o earl_n richard_n with_o the_o baron_n of_o his_o party_n force_a king_n henry_n to_o sign_n what_o condition_n they_o please_v for_o there_o it_o no_o such_o clause_n so_o much_o as_o mention_v for_o the_o french_a baron_n but_o make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o it_o be_v but_o a_o temporary_a relaxation_n of_o allegiance_n from_o king_n henry_n to_o his_o baron_n and_o the_o king_n may_v sure_o thus_o release_v they_o if_o he_o please_v but_o it_o be_v plain_a they_o can_v not_o have_v act_v thus_o without_o this_o condition_n have_v be_v express_o infer_v f._n well_o suppose_v king_n henry_n to_o have_v be_v never_o so_o much_o constrain_v to_o the_o make_n of_o these_o condition_n and_o that_o it_o be_v his_o own_o act_n that_o render_v it_o lawful_a it_o still_o prove_v as_o much_o as_o i_o urge_v it_o for_o viz._n that_o neither_o the_o king_n of_o france_n or_o england_n then_o think_v this_o resistance_n absolute_o unlawful_a for_o then_o the_o king_n be_v own_o act_n can_v never_o have_v dispense_v with_o it_o but_o to_o show_v you_o far_o that_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n have_v ever_o maintain_v this_o right_n of_o resistance_n even_o with_o the_o allowance_n of_o our_o king_n themselves_o and_o for_o the_o do_v
of_o this_o i_o shall_v proceed_v with_o the_o early_a instance_n of_o this_o kind_n after_o the_o conquest_n viz._n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o during_o who_o absence_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n he_o have_v commit_v the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n to_o william_n bishop_n of_o ely_n 399._o who_o abuse_v his_o power_n by_o a_o arbitrary_a and_o insolent_a carriage_n affront_a and_o oppress_v john_n earl_n of_o morton_n the_o king_n be_v own_o brother_n and_o geoffry_n archbishop_n of_o york_n the_o king_n be_v base_a brother_n whereupon_o they_o rise_v up_o against_o he_o and_o have_v the_o bishop_n the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o their_o side_n appoint_v the_o say_a bishop_n a_o day_n to_o answer_v to_o his_o crime_n in_o the_o king_n court_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o bishop_n lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la then_o call_v curia_fw-la regis_fw-la where_o when_o he_o refuse_v to_o appear_v they_o all_o with_o one_o consent_n come_v to_o 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right_n custom_n and_o law_n of_o the_o country_n yet_o be_v he_o not_o liable_a to_o resistance_n much_o less_o forfeiture_n if_o he_o neglect_v it_o for_o though_o if_o subject_n break_v their_o covenant_n and_o prove_v disloyal_a all_o their_o land_n and_o other_o right_n be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n yea_o if_o the_o king_n or_o supreme_a lord_n break_v his_o oaâ—â—â—_n notwithstanding_o his_o sail_v therein_o neither_o his_o crown_n nor_o any_o right_n belong_v to_o his_o royal_a dignity_n be_v thereby_o forfeit_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o inequality_n be_v because_o the_o king_n give_v law_n to_o the_o people_n but_o the_o people_n do_v not_o give_v law_n to_o he_o so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o however_o you_o 〈◊〉_d the_o conqueror_n entrance_n whether_o by_o the_o sword_n or_o to_o avoid_v the_o envy_n of_o the_o title_n of_o a_o conqueror_n by_o a_o voluntary_a submission_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n to_o he_o as_o to_o their_o sovereign_n the_o conclusion_n can_v vary_v because_o the_o duty_n of_o nonresistance_n arise_v from_o their_o own_o act_n they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o be_v his_o true_a and_o loyal_a subject_n with_o which_o oath_n resistance_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n consist_v f._n i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n if_o i_o can_v take_v what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v for_o a_o satisfactory_a answer_n since_o i_o doubt_v it_o will_v do_v you_o little_a service_n whether_o you_o make_v use_v of_o it_o either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o norman_n or_o other_o foreigner_n for_o as_o to_o the_o soâ—mâ—r_n it_o appear_v from_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o normandy_n that_o the_o duke_n be_v no_o absolute_a monarch_n there_o but_o feudatary_a to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o far_o can_v make_v no_o law_n nor_o impose_v tax_n in_o normandy_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o duchy_n as_o
appear_v by_o the_o title_n to_o the_o latin_a custom_n of_o normandy_n which_o be_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o old_a french_a edition_n of_o the_o constumiers_fw-fr de_fw-fr normandy_n print_v at_o râ—aâ—_n 1515._o the_o title_n of_o which_o be_v thuâ—_n jura_n &_o consuetudines_fw-la ducatus_fw-la noâ—maniae_fw-la the_o prologue_n to_o which_o begin_v thus_o quoniam_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o instituta_fw-la quae_fw-la normanorum_n principes_fw-la non_fw-la sint_fw-la magna_fw-la provisionis_fw-la industria_n praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n nec_fw-la non_fw-la &_o caeterorum_fw-la virorum_fw-la prudentum_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la ad_fw-la salutem_fw-la humani_fw-la foederis_fw-la statuerunt_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o normandy_n be_v make_v by_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o that_o humane_a covenant_n they_o have_v former_o make_v with_o their_o first_o duke_n 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to_o the_o crown_n of_o be_v his_o liegeman_n and_o to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o his_o lord_n the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o the_o say_a duchy_n of_o normandy_n yet_o may_v the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n without_o any_o imputation_n of_o rebellion_n have_v resist_v the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o case_n he_o make_v a_o unjust_a war_n upon_o they_o nor_o be_v ever_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n accuse_v of_o rebellion_n for_o so_o do_v in_o all_o the_o war_n that_o they_o have_v with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o therefore_o the_o hold_v of_o a_o estate_n by_o homage_n do_v not_o suppose_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o it_o be_v hold_v be_v irresistible_a nor_o do_v the_o word_n of_o allegiance_n signify_v any_o more_o than_o that_o duty_n which_o the_o liegeman_n by_o the_o old_a norman_a law_n owe_v to_o their_o supreme_a lord_n of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o king_n or_o supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o fee_n do_v not_o perform_v his_o part_n of_o the_o contract_n but_o go_v about_o to_o turn_v they_o out_o of_o their_o estate_n or_o to_o invade_v any_o of_o their_o just_a right_n by_o force_n it_o be_v usual_a for_o the_o tenant_n to_o defy_v the_o lord_n and_o renounce_v their_o homage_n to_o they_o 388._o for_o which_o they_o use_v the_o barbarous_a latin_a word_n diffidare_fw-la in_o french_a to_o defy_v that_o be_v to_o renounce_v that_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n which_o before_o they_o owe_v they_o and_o the_o supreme_a lord_n also_o oftentimes_o defy_v their_o tenant_n thus_o mat._n paris_n tell_v in_o anno_fw-la 1233._o that_o k._n henry_n the_o three_o by_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n defy_v richard_n the_o earl_n marshal_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v we_o find_v the_o earl_n justify_v himself_o in_o this_o manner_n 398._o be_v then_o in_o ireland_n first_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o never_o act_v treasonable_o against_o the_o king_n for_o he_o have_v unjust_o spoil_v i_o of_o my_o office_n of_o marshal_n without_o the_o judgement_n of_o my_o peer_n and_o have_v proclaim_v i_o banish_v through_o all_o england_n he_o have_v burn_v my_o house_n destroy_v my_o land_n etc._n etc._n he_o have_v more_o than_o once_o defy_v i_o when_o i_o be_v always_o ready_a to_o stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o my_o peer_n from_o which_o time_n say_v he_o i_o cease_v to_o be_v the_o king_n liegeman_n and_o be_v absolve_v from_o his_o homage_n not_o by_o myself_o but_o by_o he_o and_o whereas_o you_o say_v that_o though_o the_o king_n or_o supreme_a lord_n can_v forfeit_v his_o right_n though_o he_o break_v his_o part_n of_o the_o compact_a because_o of_o the_o inequality_n which_o there_o be_v between_o a_o king_n and_o a_o subject_a then_o this_o prerogative_n of_o nonresistance_n do_v not_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o land_n but_o as_o he_o be_v king_n and_o giveth_z law_n to_o the_o subject_n which_o may_v have_v some_o colour_n of_o truth_n in_o absolute_a monarchy_n but_o be_v of_o no_o force_n either_o in_o the_o government_n of_o normandy_n or_o england_n where_o the_o duke_n or_o king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o estate_n never_o can_v alone_o make_v law_n but_o as_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v our_o government_n to_o be_v a_o monarchy_n so_o it_o be_v as_o certain_a that_o it_o be_v limit_v in_o the_o very_a constitution_n either_o by_o the_o saxon_n or_o norman_n begin_v where_o you_o please_v and_o therefore_o my_o conclusion_n still_o hold_v good_a that_o if_o the_o english_a have_v now_o succeed_v to_o those_o very_a land_n and_o privilege_n which_o the_o norman_n ancient_o enjoy_v than_o whatsoever_o right_o or_o liberty_n the_o english_a proprietor_n of_o estate_n do_v at_o this_o day_n enjoy_v they_o do_v not_o only_o hold_v they_o as_o the_o successor_n and_o descendant_n of_o those_o norman_n and_o frenchman_n but_o be_v also_o restore_v to_o they_o jure_fw-la postliminii_fw-la as_o you_o 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and_o sober_a moral_n and_o of_o a_o quiet_a different_a interest_n to_o those_o employ_v in_o the_o two_o last_o reign_n and_o therefore_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o take_v away_o the_o present_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n that_o i_o rather_o wish_v that_o there_o be_v a_o new_a one_o more_o strict_a and_o full_a than_o the_o present_a ordain_v to_o be_v take_v by_o all_o those_o who_o shall_v take_v office_n and_o employment_n of_o trust_n or_o profit_n whereby_o they_o shall_v not_o only_o declare_v their_o present_a majesty_n to_o be_v true_a and_o lawful_a king_n and_o queen_n of_o this_o realm_n but_o also_o that_o they_o will_v defend_v they_o against_o all_o their_o enemy_n king_n james_n himself_o not_o except_v m._n i_o confess_v i_o can_v expect_v so_o great_a a_o tenderness_n from_o this_o government_n which_o have_v be_v introduce_v by_o so_o much_o artifice_n that_o they_o shall_v absolute_o take_v away_o all_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n whatsoever_o since_o i_o doubt_v not_o 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their_o present_a employment_n or_o else_o the_o desire_n of_o get_v new_a one_o can_v have_v make_v they_o take_v the_o oath_n as_o it_o be_v since_o to_o my_o knowledge_n it_o have_v be_v take_v by_o many_o now_o in_o place_n much_o against_o their_o own_o judgement_n and_o i_o doubt_v the_o conviction_n of_o their_o conscience_n too_o i_o speak_v this_o only_a in_o relation_n to_o some_o of_o loose_a principle_n but_o as_o to_o myself_o and_o many_o more_o of_o my_o acquaintance_n who_o refuse_v this_o oath_n we_o shall_v be_v so_o far_o from_o take_v any_o place_n of_o trust_n under_o this_o government_n that_o we_o shall_v not_o do_v it_o though_o no_o oath_n be_v at_o all_o require_v of_o we_o since_o i_o think_v it_o not_o only_o wicked_a and_o dishonourable_a for_o any_o honest_a man_n to_o serve_v a_o party_n only_o to_o watch_v a_o opportunity_n to_o betray_v it_o but_o i_o also_o believe_v myself_o oblige_v by_o my_o former_a oath_n as_o well_o as_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o natural_a allegiance_n which_o i_o owe_v the_o king_n and_o his_o right_a heir_n not_o to_o serve_v those_o who_o we_o look_v upon_o as_o usurper_n of_o their_o just_a right_n but_o if_o you_o will_v also_o have_v this_o new_a oath_n to_o be_v a_o absolute_a abjuration_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o title_n it_o will_v not_o only_o be_v unjust_a but_o impossible_a since_o who_o can_v tell_v but_o either_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o foreign_a force_n or_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o nation_n tire_v out_o by_o a_o long_a expensive_a war_n either_o his_o majesty_n or_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n may_v be_v again_o place_v upon_o the_o throne_n and_o then_o sure_a whenever_o they_o shall_v call_v a_o parliament_n to_o recognize_v their_o title_n they_o will_v be_v even_o according_a to_o your_o own_o hypothesis_n more_o lawful_a and_o rightful_a king_n than_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n marry_o since_o they_o will_v not_o be_v only_a king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la but_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la too_o and_o therefore_o i_o believe_v it_o be_v out_o of_o this_o consideration_n that_o in_o all_o those_o long_a and_o various_a contest_v which_o so_o often_o happen_v between_o competitor_n for_o the_o crown_n they_o never_o presume_v to_o propose_v to_o the_o parliament_n the_o pass_v any_o act_n to_o impose_v a_o oath_n to_o abjure_v the_o title_n or_o person_n of_o the_o rival_n prince_n thus_o in_o all_o the_o long_a war_n between_o king_n stephen_n and_o maud_n the_o empress_n as_o also_o between_o the_o two_o house_n of_o york_n and_o lancaster_n each_o of_o who_o as_o they_o prevail_v in_o their_o turn_n be_v very_o well_o content_v to_o make_v the_o subject_n take_v the_o ordinary_a oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o themselves_o without_o abjure_v each_o other_o title_n and_o even_o in_o the_o late_a time_n of_o the_o rump_n parliament_n when_o the_o most_o violent_a and_o hotheaded_a commonwealthsman_n will_v have_v impose_v a_o oath_n of_o abjuration_n of_o charles_n stuart_n and_o all_o his_o family_n as_o they_o then_o term_v his_o late_a majesty_n the_o most_o wise_a and_o moderate_a man_n among_o they_o such_o as_o lenthal_n their_o speaker_n and_o other_o stiff_o oppose_v it_o say_v it_o will_v be_v a_o fight_n against_o providence_n to_o take_v a_o oath_n never_o to_o own_o his_o majesty_n for_o their_o king_n if_o once_o he_o shall_v come_v in_o again_o without_o their_o assistance_n and_o i_o think_v there_o be_v as_o much_o if_o not_o more_o reason_n now_o against_o such_o a_o oath_n of_o abjuration_n as_o ever_o there_o be_v then_o f._n i_o can_v deny_v but_o you_o have_v speak_v like_o a_o honest_a man_n in_o absolute_o refuse_v to_o act_v under_o this_o government_n though_o without_o a_o oath_n unless_o you_o can_v be_v satisfy_v of_o
no_o reason_n since_o they_o be_v only_o declarative_a and_o persuant_n to_o the_o late_a act_n of_o the_o convention_n whereby_o after_o the_o declaration_n of_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n be_v declare_v that_o they_o be_v and_o of_o right_a aught_o to_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n our_o sovereign_a liege_n lord_n and_o lady_n and_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n m._n well_o it_o be_v late_o and_o beside_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o argue_v this_o point_n any_o long_o since_o it_o concern_v not_o i_o nor_o any_o of_o my_o principle_n what_o new_a oath_n you_o make_v and_o impose_v upon_o those_o who_o conscience_n will_v never_o permit_v we_o to_o take_v they_o what_o i_o have_v say_v be_v only_o to_o show_v you_o the_o folly_n and_o weakness_n of_o such_o oath_n and_o consequent_o that_o they_o can_v be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o no_o other_o end_n then_o a_o renewal_a and_o aggravation_n of_o the_o sin_n of_o perjury_n among_o we_o which_o god_n forgive_v this_o sinful_a nation_n among_o the_o many_o cry_a sin_n it_o now_o grow_v under_o yet_o give_v i_o leave_v still_o to_o mind_v you_o that_o you_o have_v not_o give_v any_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n i_o have_v make_v concern_v the_o schism_n that_o be_v like_a to_o follow_v from_o the_o deprive_v of_o all_o such_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n that_o shall_v refuse_v to_o take_v the_o new_a oath_n by_o such_o a_o time_n which_o deprivation_n be_v uncanonical_o ordain_v by_o the_o mere_a lie_v power_n of_o the_o convention_n without_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o convocation_n or_o synod_n such_o proceed_n be_v sufficient_a cause_n for_o all_o of_o our_o way_n to_o break_v off_o all_o church_n communion_n with_o you_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o arch_a bishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o those_o other_o bishop_n shall_v happen_v to_o be_v deprive_v and_o new_a one_o put_v in_o their_o place_n since_o all_o church_n communion_n whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o lawfullness_n of_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v the_o supreme_a pastor_n of_o our_o church_n f._n i_o forget_v to_o say_v any_o thing_n of_o this_o because_o i_o say_v so_o much_o to_o answer_v concern_v the_o new_a oath_n i_o propose_v as_o sit_v to_o take_v by_o those_o in_o place_n of_o trust_n but_o since_o you_o desire_v it_o i_o shall_v say_v somewhat_o though_o not_o so_o large_a as_o i_o can_v speak_v upon_o this_o subject_a first_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o it_o be_v altogether_o a_o new_a notion_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n whereby_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v the_o same_o power_n with_o person_n in_o the_o church_n as_o the_o king_n of_o judah_n and_o israel_n have_v among_o the_o jew_n therefore_o you_o must_v either_o depart_v from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o this_o canon_n or_o else_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n who_o be_v certain_o as_o much_o the_o supreme_a power_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o the_o king_n of_o judah_n be_v to_o that_o of_o the_o jew_n may_v as_o well_o deprive_v the_o arch_a bishop_n of_o canterbury_n for_o example_n for_o treason_n or_o disobedience_n to_o the_o government_n as_o solomon_n do_v abiathar_n for_o anoint_v his_o brother_n adonijah_n king_n and_o beside_o this_o i_o can_v show_v you_o many_o example_n of_o the_o like_a power_n exercise_v by_o the_o roman_a and_o greek_a emperor_n in_o deprive_v and_o banish_v not_o only_a bishop_n but_o patriarch_n for_o the_o matter_n of_o state_n without_o any_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n of_o a_o synod_n or_o general_a council_n of_o other_o bishop_n if_o your_o doctrine_n be_v true_a the_o poor_a greek_a church_n will_v be_v in_o a_o sad_a condition_n and_o all_o her_o member_n in_o a_o perpetual_a schism_n for_o some_o age_n past_a that_o there_o have_v be_v scarce_o any_o canonical_a election_n or_o deprivation_n of_o the_o patriarch_n of_o any_o of_o the_o great_a seat_n viz._n constantinople_n antioch_n and_o alexandria_n but_o they_o be_v all_o nominate_v and_o put_v in_o and_o out_o at_o the_o grand_a signor_n nay_o vizier_n will_v and_o pleasure_n as_o any_o man_n who_o will_v but_o peâ—uâ—e_v sr._n paul_n rycaut_n account_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n may_v easy_o see_v but_o indeed_o you_o fall_v into_o this_o error_n for_o want_n of_o consider_v the_o original_n of_o bishoprics_a in_o england_n and_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o this_o intend_a deprivation_n for_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o though_o episcopacy_n be_v settle_v in_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n yet_o all_o the_o sea_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o respect_n of_o such_o and_o such_o diocese_n have_v be_v whole_o owe_a to_o the_o bounty_n of_o our_o king_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o our_o great_a council_n which_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o pope_n bull_n and_o since_o the_o reformation_n to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n as_o be_v all_o the_o bishoprics_a erect_v in_o henry_n the_o viii_o this_o reign_v so_o that_o let_v the_o bishop_n mere_a spiritual_a power_n of_o ordain_v excommunicate_v etc._n etc._n be_v derive_v immediate_o from_o christ_n if_o you_o please_v yet_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o as_o limit_v and_o appoint_v to_o this_o or_o that_o precint_n or_o see_v be_v as_o mere_a a_o temporal_a institution_n as_o that_o of_o parish_n which_o be_v not_o introduce_v till_o long_o after_o christianity_n be_v settle_v in_o this_o island_n so_o that_o the_o exercise_n of_o this_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n within_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n for_o example_n be_v a_o civil_a institution_n it_o have_v ancient_o belong_v to_o supreme_a power_n not_o only_o to_o confer_v this_o power_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o ancient_a investiture_n of_o our_o bishop_n per_fw-la baculum_fw-la &_o annulum_fw-la but_o also_o to_o take_v it_o away_o for_o treason_n or_o disobedience_n against_o the_o state_n since_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n do_v not_o pretend_v to_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o spiritual_a character_n or_o episcopal_a order_n but_o only_o of_o their_o right_n to_o exercise_v it_o within_o such_o see_v or_o diocese_n thus_o although_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n and_o wichester_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o popish_a bishop_n be_v deprive_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o 1_o o_o the_o of_o elizabeth_n for_o not_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n the_o queen_n and_o parliament_n never_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o degrade_v those_o bishop_n of_o their_o episcopal_a order_n but_o only_o to_o forbid_v their_o act_n as_o bishop_n in_o their_o former_a respective_a diocese_n and_o therefore_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o notwithstanding_o this_o depriviation_n those_o bishop_n may_v if_o they_o have_v please_v have_v ordain_v priest_n and_o confirm_v child_n and_o that_o such_o ordination_n and_o confirmation_n will_v be_v good_a even_o in_o our_o protestant_a church_n if_o such_o priest_n or_o child_n have_v afterward_o turn_v protestant_n since_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n own_v the_o order_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o be_v valid_a which_o be_v more_o than_o we_o do_v for_o the_o ordination_n of_o mere_a presbyter_n come_v from_o those_o protestant_a country_n where_o there_o be_v no_o bishop_n at_o all_o the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o their_o confirmation_n too_o but_o pray_v sir_n consider_v how_o upon_o your_o principle_n this_o schism_n can_v be_v so_o universal_a as_o to_o influence_n and_o involve_v all_o england_n in_o it_o for_o if_o the_o arch_a bishop_n of_o york_n for_o example_n will_v rather_o take_v this_o oath_n then_o suffer_v deprivation_n and_o that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o his_o province_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o mind_n as_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v they_o will_v pray_v tell_v i_o how_o the_o people_n of_o that_o province_n be_v a_o distinct_a church_n or_o body_n ecclesiastical_a from_o that_o of_o canterbury_n as_o to_z all_o spiritual_a matter_n as_o have_v a_o distinct_a convocation_n of_o their_o own_o can_v ever_o be_v involve_v in_o this_o schism_n by_o the_o deprivation_n of_o the_o arch_a bishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o the_o province_n of_o canterbury_n and_o pray_v also_o tell_v i_o in_o the_o next_o place_n how_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o two_o university_n can_v ever_o be_v involve_v in_o this_o intend_a schism_n since_o they_o owe_v no_o canonical_a obedience_n to_o the_o arch-bishop_n of_o canterbury_n or_o york_n nor_o to_o any_o other_o bishop_n but_o only_o to_o their_o chancellor_n and_o the_o vicechancellor_n as_o his_o deputy_n who_o exercise_n all_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n within_o the_o say_a university_n and_o therefore_o their_o church_n
communion_n can_v depend_v upon_o the_o canonical_a or_o uncanonical_a deprivation_n of_o any_o bishop_n in_o england_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o consider_v these_o thing_n as_o a_o canon-lawyer_n and_o give_v i_o your_o answer_n if_o you_o can_v against_o the_o next_o time_n we_o meet_v and_o then_o tell_v i_o whether_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o threaten_a schism_n be_v so_o just_a and_o apparent_a that_o it_o be_v like_a to_o involve_v so_o many_o of_o the_o wise_a and_o most_o considerate_a of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n into_o open_a separation_n from_o the_o church_n as_o you_o suppose_v it_o will_v not_o but_o that_o i_o will_v grant_v there_o be_v many_o of_o the_o clergy_n of_o this_o opinion_n who_o as_o well_o out_o of_o conscience_n as_o for_o their_o own_o interest_n will_v be_v content_v to_o set_v up_o and_o encourage_v such_o a_o separation_n thereby_o to_o make_v themselves_o head_n of_o separate_a congregation_n when_o they_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o present_a benefice_n and_o employment_n upon_o their_o refusal_n of_o this_o oath_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o hear_v so_o much_o say_v upon_o this_o head_n before_o and_o if_o you_o can_v make_v out_o to_o i_o all_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v now_o instance_a in_o i_o know_v not_o but_o that_o i_o may_v come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n thou_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o ever_o you_o can_v show_v i_o that_o any_o bishop_n be_v deprive_v in_o england_n by_o the_o mere_a lay_v authority_n of_o the_o king_n and_o a_o great_a council_n or_o convention_n of_o the_o laity_n whilst_o they_o continue_v of_o the_o same_o church-communion_n with_o those_o bishop_n for_o as_o to_o your_o instance_n of_o the_o popish_a bishop_n deprive_v by_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n i_o doubt_v you_o will_v find_v it_o do_v not_o come_v up_o to_o the_o point_n in_o question_n since_o the_o queen_n and_o parliament_n have_v then_o new_o declare_v themselves_o protestant_n do_v not_o own_v they_o for_o true_a and_o orthodox_n bishop_n and_o consequent_o think_v they_o may_v just_o depart_v from_o their_o communion_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o account_n may_v deprive_v they_o and_o the_o queen_n may_v then_o nominate_v other_o of_o their_o own_o religion_n in_o their_o place_n f._n i_o can_v but_o differ_v from_o you_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o fack_o as_o you_o now_o relate_v it_o part._n for_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o the_o parliament_n be_v when_o they_o make_v this_o act_n so_o far_o from_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o outward_a communion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n that_o mass_n be_v then_o say_v and_o the_o romish_a priest_n still_o continue_v in_o all_o the_o parish_n and_o church_n of_o england_n and_o yet_o they_o still_o maintain_v a_o outward_a communion_n though_o their_o bishop_n be_v deprive_v by_o the_o civil_a â—ower_n and_o other_o ordain_v in_o their_o stead_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a the_o papist_n themselves_o have_v then_o no_o notion_n of_o this_o new_a cause_n of_o schism_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o bishop_n be_v uncanonical_o deprive_v nor_o indeed_o can_v we_o well_o vindicate_v the_o honour_n or_o legality_n of_o our_o reformation_n if_o the_o protestant_a bishop_n who_o succeed_v in_o the_o place_n of_o those_o who_o be_v thus_o deprive_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v not_o be_v canonical_a because_o their_o predecessor_n deprive_v by_o the_o lay_v power_n be_v still_o alive_a but_o admit_v this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o ever_o it_o have_v be_v thus_o practise_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v then_o reasonable_a and_o do_v upon_o good_a ground_n i_o can_v see_v but_o when_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o church_n and_o state_n require_v it_o and_o that_o the_o clergy_n in_o convocation_n be_v so_o wilful_a and_o wed_v to_o some_o old_a false_a notion_n as_o not_o to_o consult_v the_o peace_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o church_n and_o kingdom_n why_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n who_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v supreme_a over_o ecclesiastical_a as_o well_o as_o temporal_a person_n may_v not_o together_o with_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n make_v the_o like_a law_n now_o as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o first_o of_o queen_n elizabeth_n for_o a_o less_o matter_n for_o none_o of_o those_o popish_a bishop_n though_o they_o believe_v queen_n elizabeth_n to_o have_v no_o better_o than_o a_o parliament_n title_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o ever_o deny_v she_o to_o be_v their_o lawful_a and_o rightful_a queen_n only_o they_o will_v not_o own_v her_o supremacy_n in_o spiritual_a matter_n but_o leave_v the_o far_a discussion_n of_o this_o point_n to_o those_o who_o better_a understand_v it_o i_o will_v glad_o know_v of_o you_o what_o you_o intend_v to_o do_v and_o what_o you_o will_v have_v we_o do_v who_o be_v like_a to_o be_v make_v deputy_n lieutenant_n and_o justice_n of_o peace_n for_o if_o as_o you_o yourself_o allow_v there_o be_v a_o necessity_n that_o some_o civil_a government_n be_v maintain_v during_o king_n james_n absence_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v of_o you_o how_o it_o can_v be_v manage_v and_o who_o shall_v manage_v it_o in_o case_n all_o the_o gentleman_n of_o england_n be_v of_o your_o principle_n and_o shall_v positive_o refuse_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o their_o present_a majesty_n for_o if_o king_n james_n be_v never_o so_o much_o our_o lawful_a king_n it_o be_v not_o now_o possible_a for_o we_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o he_o since_o he_o be_v goâ—e_n and_o god_n know_v whether_o ever_o he_o may_v return_v again_o since_o than_o you_o can_v have_v he_o if_o you_o will_v and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n we_o shall_v be_v govern_v by_o some_o body_n and_o since_o it_o be_v also_o as_o certain_a that_o those_o who_o actual_o govern_v we_o will_v exact_v this_o or_o the_o like_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n from_o we_o as_o be_v due_a to_o their_o predecessor_n and_o that_o no_o man_n must_v expect_v to_o enjoy_v or_o execute_v any_o place_n or_o office_n not_o only_o of_o profit_n but_o of_o burden_n and_o charge_n for_o the_o necessary_a execution_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o maintenance_n of_o civil_a government_n without_o which_o we_o can_v live_v or_o subsist_v without_o take_v this_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n as_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o qualify_v they_o for_o it_o if_o then_o the_o end_n viz._n civil_a government_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o the_o take_n of_o this_o oath_n be_v the_o only_a mean_n allow_v of_o to_o qualify_v man_n for_o it_o this_o seem_v as_o evident_a to_o i_o that_o take_v of_o this_o oath_n be_v not_o only_o justifiable_a by_o law_n but_o by_o reason_n and_o good_a conscience_n since_o it_o be_v do_v for_o the_o high_a and_o noble_a end_n viz._n the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a nation_n or_o common_a wealth_n which_o you_o grant_v can_v subsist_v without_o some_o kind_n of_o civil_a government_n among_o we_o m._n i_o will_v say_v something_o in_o answer_n to_o what_o you_o have_v now_o allege_v concern_v the_o necessity_n of_o take_v of_o the_o oath_n in_o order_n to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o some_o civil_a government_n without_o which_o i_o grant_v the_o king_n good_a subject_n can_v subsist_v till_o his_o return_n since_o i_o confess_v this_o be_v the_o strong_a argument_n you_o have_v yet_o bring_v all_o i_o can_v say_v to_o it_o at_o present_a it_z that_o if_o all_o your_o country_n gentleman_n and_o all_o the_o lawyer_n in_o england_n will_v be_v so_o firm_a in_o their_o loyalty_n to_o his_o majesty_n as_o unanimous_o to_o declare_v that_o they_o can_v take_v this_o oath_n with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n the_o consequence_n than_o will_v be_v that_o either_o the_o present_a usurp_v power_n must_v be_v force_v to_o give_v up_o the_o government_n to_o the_o right_a owner_n or_o else_o they_o must_v at_o least_o desist_v from_o press_v this_o oath_n upon_o you_o f._n you_o know_v well_o enough_o this_o be_v altogether_o a_o vain_a supposition_n since_o you_o can_v but_o be_v sensible_a that_o their_o majesty_n have_v not_o only_o a_o sufficient_a force_n both_o of_o native_a englishman_n and_o foreigner_n on_o their_o side_n who_o can_v force_v those_o that_o shall_v make_v any_o opposition_n to_o the_o take_v it_o and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o many_o fanatic_n and_o commonwealth_n man_n who_o not_o look_v upon_o themselves_o as_o at_o all_o oblige_v by_o your_o notion_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n and_o the_o obligation_n of_o any_o former_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n will_v get_v into_o all_o the_o office_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n and_o destruction_n not_o only_o of_o the_o church_n but_o the_o monarchy_n itself_o which_o be_v as_o yet_o preserve_v though_o the_o person_n
e._n i._o ib._n p._n 554._o rot._n cl_o 31._o ed._n iii_o ib._n p._n 555._o rot._n pat._n 54_o h._n iii_o ib._n 573._o rot._n wal._n 11._o ed._n i._o ib._n 574.575_o rot._n cl_o 28._o e._n i._o rot._n pat._n 8._o ed._n ii_o ib._n 576._o rot._n pat._n 52._o h._n iii_o ib._n p._n 578._o bundle_z brev._n 5._o ed._n ii_o rot._n pat._n 40._o ed._n iii_o ib._n p._n 581._o rot._n pat._n 2._o h._n v._o ib._n p._n 582._o placit_fw-la parl._n 18._o e._n i._o rot._n parl._n 18._o ed._n iii_o ib._n p._n 584._o inter_fw-la com._n brev_n in_o scac._n 34._o ed._n i._o prins_n par_fw-fr reg._n p._n 26.28.30_o ed._n i._o ib._n p._n 586._o parl._n reg._n 8._o ed._n ii_o 887._o rot._n cl_o 15._o e._n ii_o rot._n cl_o 2._o e._n iii_o rot._n cl_o 50._o e._n iii_o p._n 588._o rot._n pat._n 42._o e._n iii_o p._n 599._o rot._n pat._n 17._o ed._n iii_o rot._n parl._n 51._o e._n iii_o p._n 605._o a_o regency_n w._n legal_a or_o practicable_a in_o england_n upon_o king_n james_n departure_n d._n 12._o p._n 877._o religion_n in_o what_o case_n we_o be_v bind_v to_o suffer_v for_o it_o without_o any_o resistance_n d._n 4._o p._n 222._o to_o 235._o the_o remedy_n against_o tyranny_n the_o people_n of_o england_n can_v have_v without_o resistance_n consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 262._o to_o 664._o resistance_n of_o father_n husband_n and_o master_n by_o their_o wife_n child_n and_o servant_n w._n ever_o lawful_a d._n 1._o p._n 41._o to_o 44._o to_o 52.60_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o what_o case_n absolute_o lawful_a d._n 3._o p._n 146._o to_o 149_o d._n 4._o p._n 270._o in_o what_o case_n absolute_o unlawful_a d._n 3._o p._n 176_o 177._o all_o the_o evil_a consequence_n of_o such_o resistance_n consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 261._o to_o 264._o d._n 9_o p._n 649_o 659_o to_o 666._o w._n all_o resistance_n be_v forbid_v by_o god_n in_o the_o old_a testament_n d._n 3._o p._n 190._o to_o the_o end_n w._n forbid_v by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n d._n 4._o p._n 220._o to_o 264._o w._n contrary_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n ib._n p._n 283._o resistance_n of_o the_o king_n and_o those_o in_o commission_n by_o he_o w._n absolute_o â—orbid_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o seven_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o against_o bear_v of_o arm_n d._n 8._o p._n 612._o w._n contrary_a to_o the_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o concern_v treason_n ib._n to_o the_o end_n resistance_n of_o arbitrary_a power_n in_o our_o king_n w._n lawful_a both_o before_o and_o since_o the_o conquest_n d._n 9_o p._n 615_o to_o 637._o such_o resistance_n grant_v to_o be_v lawful_a by_o some_o of_o our_o king_n themselves_o d._n 9_o p._n 617.620.622_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a what_o they_o be_v d._n 9_o p._n 666_o to_o 669._o roll_n clause_n how_o many_o want_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o three_o d._n 7._o p._n 517_o 518._o s_o sapientes_fw-la its_o signification_n in_o ancient_a history_n d._n 6._o p._n 377._o late_o schism_n upon_o the_o deprivation_n of_o the_o bishop_n w._n justifiable_a d._n 13._o p._n 963_o to_o 966._o scotland_n w._n it_o be_v ancient_a constitution_n be_v the_o same_o with_o england_n d._n 7._o p._n 503._o to_o 505._o d._n 8._o p._n 559._o w._n none_o but_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ever_o appear_v at_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n ib._n to_o 510._o scutage_n service_n w._n different_a from_o a_o scutage_n tax_n d._n 7._o p._n 439._o to_o 440.479_o to_o 481._o sermon_n for_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n censure_v in_o parliament_n d._n 1._o p._n 5._o servant_n and_o son_n w._n all_o one_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n d._n 1._o p._n 54._o sheriff_n pardon_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o hold_v above_o one_o year_n d._n 12._o p._n 821._o state_n general_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n w._n their_o make_v war_n upon_o king_n james_n the_o second_o be_v justifiable_a d._n 11._o p._n 781_o 782._o ancient_a statute_n w._n the_o three_o estate_n have_v not_o always_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n d._n 5._o p._n 330._o to_o 348._o notwithstanding_o the_o different_a form_n of_o pen_v they_o ibid._n d._n 7._o p._n 484_o 485.525.528_o 529._o statue_n of_o the_o eleven_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o cap._n 1._o w._n still_o in_o force_n d._n 13._o p._n 909._o to_o 933._o statute_n of_o the_o thirteen_o of_o elizabeth_n chap._n 1._o w._n still_o in_o force_n d._n 12._o p._n 894._o to_o 898._o all_o statute_n though_o make_v by_o usurper_n w._n they_o hold_v good_a till_o repeal_v d._n 12._o p._n 909_o 911_o 912._o doctor_n story_n case_n d._n 13._o p._n 950._o subject_n how_o different_a from_o slave_n d._n 4._o p._n 251._o to_o 261._o w._n particular_a subject_n may_v resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n for_o satisfaction_n of_o their_o own_o private_a injury_n d._n 4._o p._n 252._o succession_n to_o crown_n no_o certain_a procept_n to_o be_v find_v about_o it_o in_o scripture_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n d._n 2._o p._n 89._o to_o 90._o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n w._n always_o hereditary_a since_o the_o conquest_n without_o any_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n d._n 12._o p._n 839_o to_o 875._o suffering_n of_o christ_n how_o far_o a_o example_n to_o we_o d._n 4._o p._n 227._o to_o 233._o suffer_v for_o religion_n without_o resistance_n when_o necessary_a ib._n p._n 231._o t_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la w._n they_o be_v all_o baron_n d._n 6._o p._n 399.400_o w._n they_o can_v ancient_o tax_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n at_o their_o pleasure_n as_o well_o the_o land_n hold_v of_o they_o as_o what_o be_v not_o d._n 7._o 440.479_o to_o 483.500_o w._n they_o or_o else_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v ancient_o the_o only_a person_n who_o serve_v upon_o jury_n d._n 10._o p._n 741._o to_o 746._o w._n they_o represent_v all_o their_o under_o tenant_n in_o parliament_n d._n 7._o p._n 512._o tenant_n in_o sâ—â—age_n w._n they_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o estate_n d._n 6._o p._n 420._o tenant_n in_o demesne_n claim_v to_o be_v discharge_v from_o the_o knight_n wage_n by_o prescription_n d._n 8._o p._n 588_o 589._o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n w._n in_o use_n before_o king_n wil._n i._o d._n 10._o p._n 750_o 751._o a_o new_a test_n oath_n oppose_v by_o a_o great_a party_n of_o the_o poeâ—s_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o d._n 9_o p._n 659._o testament_n w._n valid_a in_o the_o mere_a state_n of_o nature_n d._n 2._o p._n 86_o 87_o 91._o the_o several_a text_n of_o scripture_n make_v use_v of_o for_o or_o against_o absolute_a nonresistance_n examine_v viz._n in_o the_o old_a testament_n d._n 3._o p._n 190._o to_o the_o end_n text_n of_o scripture_n out_o of_o the_o new_a testament_n urge_v for_o the_o like_a purpose_n d._n 4._o p._n 220._o to_o 279._o thanes_z the_o ancient_a signification_n of_o that_o title_n discuss_v d._n 6._o p._n 374._o to_o 379._o the_o divers_a sort_n of_o they_o among_o the_o english_a saxon_n d._n 5._o p._n 370._o treason_n against_o the_o kingdom_n ancient_o as_o well_o as_o against_o the_o king_n d._n 5._o p._n 344._o trial_n by_o combat_n w._n in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n d._n 10._o p._n 758._o trust_v commit_v by_o the_o people_n to_o the_o supreme_a power_n w._n unaccountable_a and_o irrevocable_a d._n 3._o p._n 152.154_o insupportable_a tyranny_n w._n worse_o than_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n ib._n 155._o tyrant_n w._n ordain_v of_o god_n d._n 4._o 245_o 246._o u_o vavasor_n or_o mesne_fw-la tenant_n w._n ancient_o reckon_v as_o part_v of_o the_o baronage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n d._n 6._o p._n 405_o 406._o universitas_fw-la baronagii_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o regni_n what_o it_o signify_v and_o w._n the_o commons_o be_v comprehend_v under_o that_o title_n d._n 6._o p._n 408_o 409_o 415_o 416._o universitas_fw-la communis_fw-la the_o meaning_n of_o that_o phrase_n in_o matthew_n paris_n d._n 7._o p._n 470._o w._n it_o comprehend_v no_o more_o than_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la ib._n 471._o primate_n usher_v opinion_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o obedience_n of_o the_o subject_a consider_v d._n 4._o p._n 271_o 272._o usurper_n by_o sir_n r._n filmer_n principles_n to_o be_v obey_v before_o the_o lawful_a prince_n and_o his_o heir_n d._n 2._o p._n 126_o 127._o when_o usurper_n may_v be_v obey_v before_o the_o lawful_a prince_n and_o his_o heir_n d._n 4._o p._n 246._o usurpation_n w._n it_o give_v a_o rightful_a title_n after_o three_o generation_n d._n 2._o p._n 128._o vulgus_fw-la what_o that_o word_n signify_v in_o the_o
he_o can_v not_o have_v bring_v his_o whole_a design_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o eight_o dialogue_n as_o he_o at_o first_o intend_v and_o still_o hope_v to_o do_v and_o therefore_o to_o ease_v you_o of_o the_o trouble_n of_o buy_v or_o read_v more_o discourse_n on_o these_o subject_n than_o what_o he_o take_v to_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a he_o have_v reduce_v all_o that_o he_o have_v prepare_v for_o the_o five_o discourse_n upon_o the_o subject_a above_o mention_v into_o the_o two_o last_o dialogue_n wherein_o he_o design_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o justice_n and_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o late_a revolution_n and_o the_o settlement_n of_o the_o crown_n upon_o their_o present_a majesty_n where_o the_o then_o question_v he_o intend_v to_o treat_v of_o will_n proper_o enough_o fall_v in_o but_o it_o be_v time_n to_o speak_v somewhat_o concern_v this_o present_a discourse_n since_o it_o treat_v of_o a_o question_n to_o be_v decide_v only_o from_o the_o history_n and_o law_n of_o this_o nation_n and_o the_o author_n bid_v i_o assure_v you_o that_o he_o have_v lay_v down_o nothing_o therein_o on_o either_o side_n but_o what_o he_o have_v produce_v good_a authority_n for_o either_o from_o the_o history_n and_o government_n of_o our_o own_o or_o other_o neighbour_a nation_n or_o from_o the_o colleâ—â—ions_n of_o our_o english_a saxon_n law_n and_o ancient_a as_o well_o as_o modern_a writer_n upon_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o last_o from_o our_o statute_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n since_o the_o repute_a conquest_n which_o he_o find_v necessary_a to_o these_o subject_n without_o omit_v any_o authority_n that_o he_o judge_v material_a to_o be_v urge_v on_o either_o side_n but_o as_o for_o the_o quotation_n themselves_o i_o hope_v they_o be_v true_o cite_v for_o the_o author_n assure_v i_o upon_o the_o word_n of_o a_o gentleman_n that_o he_o be_v not_o conscious_a of_o any_o unfair_a deal_n in_o that_o kind_n either_o by_o any_o wilful_a omission_n or_o 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stumbling-block_n of_o rebellion_n s._n b._n r._n the_o folio_n edition_n 6_o mr._n petyt_n preface_n to_o his_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n asserted_n p.p.r.c._n 7._o dr._n brady_n answer_n to_o the_o say_a treatise_n b._n a._n p._n the_o folio_n edition_n the_o five_o dialogue_n between_o mr._n meanwell_n a_o civilian_n and_o mr._n freeman_n a_o gentleman_n m._n you_o be_v welcome_a sir_n i_o pray_v set_v down_o by_o the_o fire_n i_o be_v think_v before_o you_o come_v in_o of_o the_o best_a method_n of_o manage_v this_o important_a question_n whether_o by_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n it_o can_v in_o any_o case_n whatever_o be_v lawful_a to_o resist_v the_o king_n or_o those_o that_o act_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o commission_n i_o shall_v therefore_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o second_o proposition_n in_o the_o argument_n i_o at_o first_o propose_v or_o to_o speak_v logical_o the_o minor_a in_o the_o syllogism_n viz._n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v the_o sole_a supreme_a or_o sovereign_a power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o be_v irresistible_a and_o that_o not_o only_o as_o to_o his_o own_o person_n but_o also_o with_o respect_n to_o all_o such_o who_o act_n by_o his_o order_n or_o commission_n though_o the_o thing_n command_v be_v in_o themselves_o illegal_a f._n i_o do_v not_o dislike_v your_o method_n though_o if_o you_o can_v never_o so_o plain_o make_v out_o to_o i_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o minor_a proposition_n yet_o it_o will_v come_v too_o late_o to_o prove_v that_o all_o resistance_n of_o supreme_a power_n be_v unlawful_a in_o all_o case_n whatever_o since_o i_o think_v you_o have_v fail_v in_o the_o proof_n of_o that_o your_o fiâ—st_a proposition_n but_o since_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o second_o proposition_n in_o some_o sense_n i_o pray_v be_v as_o short_a as_o you_o can_v in_o the_o proof_n of_o it_o m._n i_o shall_v 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anglorum_fw-la induperator_fw-la so_o that_o you_o hereby_o may_v see_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n long_o before_o the_o conquest_n look_v upon_o themselves_o as_o emperor_n or_o absolute_a civil_a sovereign_n so_o likewise_o after_o that_o time_n we_o find_v w._n rufus_n date_n his_o charter_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o shaftsbury_n secundo_fw-la anno_fw-la imperiâ—_n mei_fw-la and_o though_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n have_v be_v disuse_v yet_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o substance_n of_o it_o sufficient_o challenge_v in_o that_o letter_n of_o w._n rufus_n to_o archbishop_n anselm_n tell_v he_o that_o he_o have_v all_o the_o liberty_n in_o his_o kingdom_n which_o the_o emperor_n 2d_o challenge_v in_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o like_a be_v challenge_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o in_o all_o his_o dispute_n with_o the_o pope_n concern_v the_o investiture_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n
and_o in_o all_o the_o statute_n of_o praemunire_n make_v by_o edward_n the_o three_o the_o king_n sovereignty_n independent_a from_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n be_v express_o assert_v and_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o richard_n the_o second_o express_o declare_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n have_v ever_o be_v so_o free_a that_o it_o be_v under_o no_o earthly_a subjection_n but_o immediate_o subject_a to_o god_n in_o all_o thing_n touch_v the_o regality_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o no_o other_o and_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 24_o and_o 25_o of_o henry_n the_o eight_o express_o declare_v that_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v a_o empire_n govern_v by_o one_o supreme_a head_n and_o king_n and_o the_o crown_n or_o royal_a authority_n be_v also_o thereby_o declare_v imperial_a and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v therein_o stiâ—ed_v king_n or_o emperor_n of_o this_o realm_n so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o man_n needs_o to_o doubt_v where_o the_o supreme_a or_o sovereign_a power_n of_o this_o kingdom_n reside_v f._n i_o will_v not_o deny_v any_o of_o those_o authority_n you_o have_v now_o make_v use_n of_o since_o title_n alone_o be_v no_o proof_n of_o power_n for_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o the_o german_a emperor_n yet_o notwithstanding_o that_o great_a title_n be_v not_o therefore_o vnaccountable_a or_o irresistible_a since_o the_o college_n of_o the_o prince_n elector_n may_v depose_v he_o for_o maladministration_n or_o for_o violate_v any_o of_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o mr._n selden_n have_v very_o well_o observe_v in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n that_o this_o supremacy_n or_o freedom_n from_o all_o subjection_n be_v not_o only_o challenge_v by_o our_o english_a sovereign_n but_o also_o by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o poland_n the_o former_a of_o which_o yet_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o absolute_a monarch_n that_o before_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n father_n he_o may_v have_v be_v depose_v for_o tyranny_n for_o misgovernment_n by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n may_v at_o this_o day_n and_o therefore_o these_o title_n may_v indeed_o prove_v a_o freedom_n from_o all_o foreign_a jurisdiction_n but_o do_v not_o prove_v that_o the_o king_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o absolute_a sovereign_a power_n within_o the_o kingdom_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o these_o example_n i_o have_v now_o give_v you_o m._n if_o you_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o these_o proof_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o give_v you_o other_o authority_n both_o out_o of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a lawyer_n as_o also_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o sufficient_o declare_v where_o the_o supreme_a or_o sovereign_a power_n reside_v in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o suppose_v you_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o it_o have_v be_v the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n to_o coâ—â—_n money_n dispose_v of_o all_o office_n and_o create_v new_a dignity_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a as_o also_o to_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n to_o make_v law_n and_o in_o short_a to_o do_v all_o thing_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v essential_a to_o a_o monarch_n and_o that_o he_o alone_o be_v the_o sole_a sovereign_a power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n glaâ—vil_n and_o fortescue_n plain_o declare_v the_o former_a of_o which_o 10._o say_v thus_o rex_fw-la nullum_fw-la labour_n potest_fw-la parem_fw-la multò_fw-la minùs_fw-la superiorem_fw-la the_o same_o thing_n be_v also_o repeat_v by_o bracton_n and_o a_o very_a good_a reason_n give_v for_o it_o in_o these_o word_n 9_o omnis_fw-la quidem_fw-la sub_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la sub_fw-la nullo_n nisi_fw-la tantum_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la parem_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la svo_fw-la quia_fw-la sic_fw-la amitteret_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la command_v cum_fw-la par_fw-fr in_fw-la parem_fw-la non_fw-la â—abeâ—_n imperium_fw-la item_n nâ—c_fw-la multò_fw-la fortius_fw-la superiorem_fw-la nec_fw-la potentiorem_fw-la habere_fw-la debeâ—_n quia_fw-la sic_fw-la esset_fw-la inferior_a sibi_fw-la subjectis_fw-la &_o inferiores_fw-la pares_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la potentioribus_fw-la f._n but_o pray_v read_v what_o immediate_o follow_v ipse_fw-la autem_fw-la rex_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la sub_fw-la bomine_fw-la sed_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la &_o sub_fw-la lâ—ge_a quia_fw-la lex_fw-la facit_fw-la regem_fw-la attribuat_fw-la igitur_fw-la rex_fw-la legi_fw-la quod_fw-la lex_fw-la attribuit_fw-la ei_fw-la viz._n dominatiorem_fw-la &_o potestatem_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la rex_fw-la ubi_fw-la dominatur_fw-la voluntas_fw-la &_o â—on_v lex_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o king_n be_v subject_a or_o inferior_a to_o no_o particular_a private_a man_n yet_o that_o he_o have_v a_o superior_a or_o master_n within_o the_o kingdom_n beside_o god_n and_o the_o law_n and_o so_o be_v not_o the_o sole_a supreme_a power_n appear_v by_o a_o passage_n out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n 16._o in_o the_o second_o book_n rex_fw-la habet_fw-la superiorem_fw-la deum_fw-la item_n legem_fw-la per_fw-la quam_fw-la factus_fw-la est_fw-la rex_fw-la item_n curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la viz._n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n quia_fw-la comites_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la quasi_fw-la sociè_fw-fr regis_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la habet_fw-la socium_fw-la habet_fw-la magistrum_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la si_fw-la rex_fw-la fuerit_fw-la sinâ—_n froena_fw-la i._n e._n lego_n debent_fw-la ei_fw-la froenum_fw-la ponere_fw-la from_o which_o word_n it_o seem_v apparent_a to_o i_o that_o this_o author_n think_v the_o king_n be_v not_o only_o inferior_a to_o the_o law_n but_o be_v also_o to_o his_o court_n of_o parliament_n call_v here_o curia_n baronâ—â—_n who_o may_v bridle_n or_o restrain_v he_o if_o he_o transgrese_v the_o law_n which_o be_v here_o call_v the_o king_n briale_a nor_o can_v i_o conceive_v how_o this_o can_v be_v do_v without_o some_o kind_n of_o force_n or_o constraint_n if_o he_o refuse_v to_o receive_v this_o bridle_n they_o will_v lay_v upon_o he_o m._n i_o do_v not_o desire_v at_o this_o time_n to_o enter_v upon_o this_o question_n concern_v that_o power_n which_o i_o know_v some_o parliament_n have_v pretend_v too_o of_o câ—â—bing_v and_o resist_v the_o king_n by_o force_n if_o they_o suppose_v he_o invade_v the_o fundamental_a right_n and_o lâ—bâ—râ—ies_n as_o they_o call_v they_o of_o the_o nation_n and_o that_o foâ—_n two_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o be_v not_o pertinent_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n of_o prove_v that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o the_o sole_a supreme_a power_n as_o also_o because_o you_o very_o well_o know_v that_o both_o house_n do_v in_o 13_o car._n 2._o by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n concern_v the_o militia_n solemn_o renounce_v all_o coercive_a power_n over_o the_o king_n or_o any_o right_n in_o either_o or_o both_o of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o make_v offensive_a or_o defensive_a war_n against_o he_o but_o if_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n hereafter_o to_o course_n further_o on_o this_o subject_a i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o prove_v to_o you_o from_o divers_a other_o passage_n out_o of_o bracton_n 41._o and_o that_o old_a treatise_n call_v fleta_n that_o it_o be_v no_o political_a superiority_n in_o the_o curia_fw-la baronum_fw-la but_o only_o a_o directive_n power_n or_o moral_a superiority_n which_o they_o have_v of_o advertise_v the_o king_n of_o any_o arbitrary_a proceed_v or_o injustice_n he_o shall_v happen_v to_o do_v and_o by_o complaint_n admonition_n and_o entreat_v to_o impose_v upon_o he_o to_o amend_v the_o same_o according_a to_o his_o oath_n but_o not_o by_o coaction_n or_o constraint_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n they_o may_v be_v say_v in_o a_o moral_a way_n to_o put_v the_o bridle_n of_o the_o law_n upon_o he_o which_o may_v be_v call_v civil_a resistance_n but_o as_o for_o military_a resistance_n against_o a_o unjust_a king_n it_o be_v as_o inconsistent_a with_o our_o english_a government_n as_o with_o any_o other_o monarchy_n in_o the_o world_n but_o you_o very_o much_o mistake_v if_o you_o suppose_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o supreme_a 29._o because_o he_o be_v limit_v by_o law_n which_o rea_o be_v no_o objection_n because_o a_o sovereign_n without_o any_o diminution_n to_o his_o sovereignty_n may_v be_v limit_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o sovereign_a power_n either_o by_o his_o own_o act_n or_o condescension_n or_o else_o by_o those_o of_o his_o predecessor_n under_o who_o he_o claim_v this_o be_v so_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v no_o supreme_a power_n in_o heaven_n or_o in_o earth_n which_o be_v not_o limit_v and_o confine_v in_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o thus_o the_o omnipotent_a power_n of_o god_n himself_o be_v limit_v by_o his_o own_o wisdom_n goodness_n and_o justice_n which_o be_v himself_o so_o likewise_o the_o power_n of_o all_o absolute_a unlimited_a monarch_n be_v only_o so_o comparative_o with_o respect_n to_o positive_a law_n but_o as_o for_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n which_o
england_n at_o this_o day_n m._n i_o shall_v not_o far_o dispute_v this_o matter_n at_o this_o time_n therefore_o pray_v go_v on_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o authority_n out_o of_o our_o english_a historian_n prove_v that_o any_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n appear_v in_o parliament_n before_o the_o time_n we_o allow_v they_o to_o have_v be_v there_o f._n though_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o at_o our_o last_o meet_v from_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o as_o also_o from_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la and_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la that_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o many_o more_o member_n than_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la yet_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o the_o historian_n and_o armalist_n of_o those_o time_n do_v comprehend_v all_o the_o several_a order_n under_o the_o general_a title_n of_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la or_o magnate_v and_o proceres_fw-la you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o chron._n of_o thom._n wike_n a._n d._n 1237._o where_o it_o be_v only_o say_v in_o general_a that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la regni_fw-la do_v in_o that_o year_n be_v the_o 9_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o grant_v the_o king_n a_o 30_o the_o of_o all_o their_o movable_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o which_o be_v more_o remarkable_a the_o parliament_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o 1264._o be_v 49_o the_o of_o this_o king_n be_v only_o thus_o mention_v by_o this_o author_n in_o a_o historical_a way_n transacto_fw-la siquidem_fw-la viceâ—mo_fw-la die_fw-la nâ—tivitatis_fw-la dominicae_fw-la sacta_fw-la est_fw-la london_n pes_fw-la comitem_fw-la seil_fw-fr leyeestriae_fw-la convocatio_fw-la non_fw-la minima_fw-la procerum_fw-la anglicorum_n etc._n etc._n where_o in_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n in_o this_o year_n it_o be_v only_o say_v factum_fw-la est_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la magnum_fw-la londonia_n etc._n etc._n now_o pray_v observe_v that_o either_o the_o commons_o be_v mention_v by_o wike_n under_o the_o name_n of_o proceres_fw-la or_o not_o at_o all_o and_o that_o under_o the_o word_n parliamentum_fw-la the_o commons_o be_v then_o comprehend_v appear_v by_o the_o agreement_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o baron_n there_o extant_a 217._o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v de_fw-fr unanimi_fw-la assensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la nostra_fw-la sâ—ili_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la filii_fw-la nostri_fw-la praeletorum_fw-la vomitum_fw-la &_o baronum_n &_o communitatis_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la now_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v since_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n of_o 49_o h._n 3._o that_o the_o commons_o be_v there_o and_o consequent_o must_v be_v comprehend_v under_o this_o phrase_n of_o communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o if_o this_o have_v be_v the_o first_o time_n they_o have_v be_v summon_v it_o be_v strange_a none_o of_o these_o author_n shall_v take_v any_o notice_n of_o so_o remarkable_a a_o alteration_n and_o change_v of_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o english_a parliament_n but_o that_o the_o knight_n citizen_n and_o bâ—rgesses_n be_v also_o summon_v in_o the_o next_o year_n in_o a_o parliament_n of_o the_o 50_o the_o of_o this_o king_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o say_a wike_n chronicle_n 8â—_n ann._n dom._n 1265._o where_o he_o set_v down_o all_o the_o constituent_a estate_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v summon_v to_o meet_v at_o westminster_n at_o the_o translation_n of_o st._n edward_n relic_n in_o these_o word_n convocatis_fw-la universis_fw-la angliae_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o magnatibus_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la cunctarum_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la civitatum_fw-la paritir_n &_o burgorum_n potentioribus_fw-la ut_fw-la translationis_fw-la solemnia_fw-la celebrius_fw-la illustrarent_fw-la wherethe_v knight_n of_o shire_n be_v comprehend_v under_o magnates_n and_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v here_o style_v potentiores_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o burgorum_n and_o that_o this_o be_v not_o only_o for_o a_o mere_a ceremony_n but_o for_o parliament_n business_n also_o see_v the_o next_o page_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o celebratae_fw-la tundem_fw-la tuntae_fw-la translationis_fw-la solemnitate_fw-la â—â—perunt_fw-la nobiles_fw-la i._n e._n all_o the_o estate_n above_o mention_v ut_fw-la assolent_fw-la parliamentationis_fw-la genere_fw-la de_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la negotiis_fw-la pertracture_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o which_o parliament_n the_o king_n so_o far_o prevail_v as_o to_o obtain_v a_o 20_o the_o part_n of_o all_o movable_a good_n of_o the_o laity_n and_o yet_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o mat._n paris_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o this_o year_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o this_o parliament_n but_o only_o say_v in_o general_n that_o st._n edward_n body_n be_v this_o year_n translate_v into_o its_o new_a shrine_n and_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n print_v in_o the_o same_o volume_n under_o this_o year_n make_v mention_n of_o this_o parliament_n in_o general_a term_n thus_o facta_fw-la convocatione_n episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la priorum_fw-la &_o multerum_fw-la aliorum_fw-la so_o uncertain_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v whole_o to_o depend_v upon_o the_o general_a expression_n of_o monkish_a writer_n without_o compare_v they_o and_o the_o record_n together_o and_o consider_v the_o subject_a matter_n about_o which_o they_o treat_v nor_o can_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o our_o parliament_n be_v shape_z and_o change_v as_o often_o as_o they_o do_v their_o phrase_n and_o way_n of_o express_v the_o part_n of_o they_o for_o they_o not_o foresee_v the_o difference_n that_o may_v arise_v about_o these_o matter_n have_v no_o reason_n particular_o to_o recite_v the_o constituent_a member_n or_o estate_n of_o parliament_n as_o often_o as_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v they_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v who_o they_o be_v at_o that_o time_n but_o to_o prove_v further_o that_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a there_o be_v any_o alteration_n in_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o parliament_n from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o the_o 49_o the_o may_v appear_v by_o his_o writ_n still_o extant_a among_o the_o parent_n roll_v of_o the_o 54_o the_o of_o this_o king_n 7._o where_o it_o be_v express_o recite_v that_o it_o not_o seem_v safe_a to_o the_o praelatis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la &_o communicati_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la that_o both_o himself_o and_o his_o son_n prince_n edward_n shall_v be_v both_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o once_o in_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o that_o therefore_o he_o give_v the_o whole_a subsidy_n of_o a_o 20_o the_o grant_v he_o by_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o his_o say_a son_n and_o that_o it_o continue_v so_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o edward_n the_o fir_v reign_v appear_v by_o a_o protestation_n in_o the_o 4_o the_o of_o this_o king_n as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o patent_n roll_n wherein_o he_o recite_v a_o 15_o the_o to_o have_v be_v grant_v he_o of_o all_o movable_n by_o the_o comites_fw-la barones_n ac_fw-la alii_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la so_o that_o unless_o the_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la must_v alter_v every_o year_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n for_o we_o to_o believe_v any_o change_n to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o parliament_n since_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d._n this_o i_o think_v may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v you_o that_o before_o the_o time_n you_o mention_v nor_o only_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n but_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n do_v appear_v in_o parliament_n both_o before_o your_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 3_o d_o and_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n 1_n m._n i_o believe_v the_o commons_o may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a word_n magnate_v &_o proceres_fw-la by_o wikes_n chronicle_n in_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o or_o else_o not_o be_v mention_v at_o all_o which_o i_o rather_o incline_v to_o believe_v and_o i_o must_v also_o confess_v that_o the_o other_o passage_n out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n concern_v the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v summon_v either_o to_o a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o 3_o d_o be_v more_o than_o i_o before_o ever_o take_v notice_n of_o yet_o since_o this_o author_n do_v not_o tell_v we_o whether_o it_o be_v to_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o nor_o how_o many_o of_o they_o be_v there_o whether_o one_o only_o or_o more_o for_o each_o city_n and_o burrough_n town_n or_o whether_o they_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o people_n or_o nominate_v by_o the_o king_n to_o appear_v there_o do_v not_o appear_v from_o this_o author_n but_o as_o for_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o 49_o the_o of_o henry_n 3_o d_o though_o it_o may_v signify_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o that_o record_n yet_o if_o they_o be_v not_o again_o summon_v to_o parliament_n till_o the_o 18_o the_o of_o edward_n the_o
want_v to_o the_o make_v such_o a_o master_n of_o a_o family_n a_o lawful_a and_o absolute_a prince_n provide_v he_o be_v endue_v with_o such_o power_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o protect_v they_o yet_o all_o this_o while_n without_o suppose_v any_o new_a divine_a authority_n to_o be_v infuse_v by_o god_n upon_o his_o accession_n to_o this_o dignity_n m._n i_o confess_v you_o have_v give_v i_o a_o more_o exact_a account_n concern_v your_o sense_n of_o this_o matter_n than_o ever_o i_o have_v before_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o further_o dispute_v this_o point_n with_o you_o only_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o upon_o this_o hypothesis_n of_o you_o be_v found_v that_o desperate_a opinion_n concern_v the_o real_a authority_n or_o majesty_n of_o the_o people_n which_o the_o commonwealth_n man_n suppose_v still_o to_o reside_v in_o the_o diffusive_a body_n thereof_o after_o the_o government_n be_v institute_v and_o by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o suppose_v there_o still_o remain_v a_o power_n in_o they_o to_o call_v their_o king_n or_o governor_n to_o a_o account_n and_o punish_v they_o for_o tyranny_n or_o any_o other_o suppose_a fault_n against_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n or_o the_o original_a contract_n as_o those_o of_o your_o party_n be_v please_v to_o term_v it_o f._n well_o then_o to_o let_v you_o see_v i_o be_o none_o of_o those_o commonwealth_n man_n who_o maintain_v any_o such_o desperate_a doctrine_n here_o i_o do_v free_o own_v that_o where_o the_o people_n have_v part_v with_o their_o whole_a power_n either_o to_o a_o monarch_n or_o else_o to_o a_o supreme_a council_n or_o senate_n from_o thenceforth_o they_o have_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o do_v to_o call_v such_o governor_n to_o a_o account_n or_o to_o punish_v they_o for_o the_o high_a tyranny_n or_o oppression_n they_o can_v commit_v the_o utmost_a i_o have_v allow_v as_o lawful_a to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o case_n in_o all_o the_o conversation_n we_o have_v have_v be_v no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o the_o people_n in_o case_n they_o see_v themselves_o like_a to_o be_v destroy_v and_o ruin_v both_o in_o their_o persoâ—â—_n conscience_n and_o estate_n may_v even_o under_o the_o most_o absolute_a government_n stand_v upon_o their_o own_o defence_n and_o prevent_v their_o be_v thus_o total_o ruin_v and_o may_v also_o cast_v off_o all_o allegiance_n to_o such_o power_n in_o case_n they_o refuse_v to_o treat_v they_o with_o great_a justice_n and_o moderation_n for_o the_o future's_n but_o as_o for_o such_o limit_v or_o mix_v government_n as_o we_o be_v where_o the_o people_n have_v still_o retain_v a_o share_n in_o the_o legislature_n and_o also_o in_o the_o raise_n of_o public_a tax_n yet_o since_o the_o king_n be_v by_o law_n exempt_v from_o punishment_n or_o render_v any_o account_n of_o his_o action_n either_o to_o the_o people_n or_o their_o representative_n the_o utmost_a that_o i_o contend_v for_o be_v that_o since_o the_o king_n receive_v only_o a_o limit_a power_n of_o rule_v according_a to_o such_o and_o such_o law_n and_o will_v usurp_v that_o share_n of_o the_o government_n that_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o he_o in_o such_o case_n if_o he_o refuse_v to_o amend_v than_o they_o may_v resist_v his_o officer_n and_o minister_n nay_o himself_n in_o person_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o such_o violent_a and_o illegal_a action_n and_o if_o he_o still_o prsi_v and_o rceâ—use_n to_o amend_v that_o then_o at_o last_o they_o may_v proceed_v to_o declare_v that_o he_o have_v forfeit_v his_o crown_n or_o regal_a right_n of_o rule_v over_o they_o and_o then_o in_o such_o case_n i_o hold_v that_o it_o again_o devolve_v to_o the_o people_n from_o who_o it_o first_o proceed_v and_o that_o this_o be_v no_o new_a doctrine_n i_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o fortescut_n on_o my_o side_n 〈…〉_z who_o in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr laudibusâ—_n legum_n angliae_fw-la where_o after_o have_v show_v that_o all_o political_a or_o limit_a government_n proceed_v at_o first_o from_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n proceed_v thus_o addressing_z himself_z to_z prince_z henry_n son_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o vi_o for_o who_o he_o compose_v this_o work_n habâ—s_v ex_fw-la hâ—c_fw-la 〈◊〉_d princâ—â—s_v institutionis_fw-la politici_fw-la regni_fw-la formam_fw-la ex_fw-la qâ—â—_n metiri_fw-la poteris_fw-la potestatem_fw-la quam_fw-la rex_fw-la ejuâ—_n 〈◊〉_d legis_fw-la ipsius_fw-la aut_fw-la subditos_fw-la valeat_fw-la exercire_fw-la ad_fw-la tutelam_fw-la â—amous_a legis_fw-la ac_fw-la subdit_fw-la orum_fw-la â—â—rum_fw-la corporum_fw-la &_o â—onorum_fw-la rex_fw-la hujuâ—modi_fw-la erectus_fw-la est_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la hanc_fw-la potestatem_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la affluxam_fw-la ipsi_fw-la habet_fw-la quo_fw-la eiâ—noâ—_n licâ—t_fw-la potestate_fw-la aliâ_fw-la suâ—_n popule_n dâ—minarâ—_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o he_o call_v the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n not_o regnum_fw-la simple_o but_o regnum_fw-la politicum_fw-la that_o be_v a_o politic_a or_o limit_a kingdom_n in_o opposition_n to_o regnum_fw-la absolutum_fw-la make_v up_o of_o divers_a part_n this_o he_o call_v a_o â—ower_n flow_v or_o proceed_v from_o the_o people_n and_o if_o it_o thus_o proceed_v from_o the_o people_n it_o must_v certain_o return_v to_o they_o again_o upon_o the_o failure_n of_o the_o condition_n to_o be_v perform_v on_o his_o part_n noâ—_n do_v this_o suppose_v any_o real_a majesty_n or_o authority_n in_o they_o who_o take_v this_o forfeiture_n any_o more_o than_o be_v â—o's_n suppose_v it_o in_o the_o people_n according_a to_o your_o own_o hypothesis_n when_o the_o civil_a authority_n do_v again_o devolve_v to_o they_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o a_o king_n without_o lawful_a heir_n m._n i_o do_v now_o very_o well_o understand_v your_o hypothesis_n but_o i_o think_v prince_n be_v not_o thereby_o in_o a_o better_a condition_n by_o be_v thus_o unaccountable_a to_o and_o unpunishable_a by_o the_o people_n but_o that_o they_o be_v father_n in_o a_o much_o worse_o since_o you_o say_v they_o may_v resist_v nay_o kill_v they_o when_o they_o be_v once_o enter_v into_o a_o state_n of_o war_n against_o they_o for_o whereas_o where_o prince_n be_v accountable_a to_o their_o people_n or_o senate_n they_o may_v then_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v hear_v to_o make_v their_o defence_n in_o case_n of_o any_o oppression_n or_o misgovernment_n lay_v to_o their_o charge_n as_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n may_v at_o this_o day_n to_o the_o great_a assembly_n of_o estate_n or_o dyeâ—_n of_o the_o nation_n whereas_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o king_n as_o you_o have_v put_v it_o though_o he_o be_v not_o accountable_a to_o the_o parliament_n yet_o he_o be_v still_o liable_a to_o that_o which_o be_v more_o dangerous_a viz._n to_o be_v judge_v censure_v and_o declare_v forfeit_n by_o every_o considerable_a fellow_n of_o the_o rabble_n on_o pretence_n of_o violate_v this_o original_a contract_n and_o have_v break_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v condemn_v unheard_a and_o perhaps_o without_o any_o just_a cause_n so_o that_o i_o think_v a_o man_n have_v as_o good_a be_v a_o bâ—â—ward_n as_o a_o king_n upon_o such_o term._n f._n the_o man_n of_o your_o principle_n i_o see_v be_v not_o to_o be_v please_v unless_o prince_n may_v do_v whatever_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o without_o control_n or_o any_o man_n judge_v or_o oppose_v the_o illegality_n of_o their_o action_n for_o if_o a_o parliament_n take_v upon_o its_o self_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o king_n action_n this_o be_v call_v their_o prince_n to_o a_o account_n and_o a_o thing_n against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n as_o also_o that_o of_o nation_n if_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o judge_v when_o he_o have_v violate_v the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o break_v the_o original_a contract_n and_o thereupon_o resist_v he_o this_o be_v make_v the_o king_n liable_a to_o be_v judge_v and_o censure_v by_o every_o mean_a fellow_n of_o the_o rabble_n but_o to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o both_o judge_a and_o disobey_v the_o king_n command_n if_o contrary_a to_o law_n be_v not_o a_o thing_n of_o such_o dangerous_a consequence_n as_o you_o will_v make_v it_o appear_v by_o the_o late_a petition_n of_o the_o seven_o bishop_n wherein_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o judge_n that_o the_o king_n 〈◊〉_d declaration_n of_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n be_v against_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n they_o can_v with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n publish_v it_o or_o agree_v to_o the_o reâ—ding_n of_o â—t_a in_o the_o church_n now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v whether_o this_o be_v 〈◊〉_d a_o make_v the_o king_n action_n liable_a to_o be_v judge_v and_o censure_v by_o every_o one_o of_o the_o rabble_n since_o these_o bishop_n act_v thus_o neither_o as_o privy_a councillor_n noâ—_n as_o peer_n in_o parliament_n for_o by_o the_o