Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	bishop_n	time_n	year_n	3,298	5	4.6228	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A96414	A learned and necessary argument to prove that each subject hath a propriety in his goods shewing also the extent of the kings prerogative in impositions upon the goods of merchants exported and imported out of and into this kingdome : together with a remonstrance presented to the Kings Most Excellent Majesty by the Honourable House of Commons in the Parliament holden anno dom. 1610, annoq[ue] regis Jacobi, 7 / by a late learned judge of this kingdome.	Whitelocke, James, Sir, 1570-1632.; England and Wales. Parliament. House of Commons.	1641 (1641)	Wing W1995aA; ESTC R42765	49,132	72

carry_v his_o merchandise_n where_o it_o please_v he_o notwithstanding_o any_o charter_n grant_v or_o judgement_n thereupon_o 16._o &_o 〈◊〉_d re●_n 1._o and_o in_o the_o parliament_n roll_n 2._o h._n 4._o num_fw-la 109._o we_o find_v a_o notable_a record_n which_o give_v warrant_n for_o the_o proceed_n in_o parliament_n in_o this_o manner_n as_o have_v be_v in_o this_o case_n notwithstanding_o the_o judgement_n in_o the_o exchequer_n and_o declare_v to_o the_o kingdom_n that_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a wonder_n make_v by_o some_o man_n nothing_o have_v be_v do_v in_o this_o business_n by_o those_o that_o serve_v in_o the_o parliament_n but_o in_o imitation_n of_o their_o worthy_a predecessor_n in_o the_o very_a like_o case_n in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o h._n 4._o the_o commons_o show_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o r._n 2._o by_o the_o mean_n of_o john_n waltham_n bishop_n of_o salisbury_n treasurer_n of_o england_n wrongful_o without_o authority_n of_o parliament_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o exchequer_n 16._o &_o 17._o r._n 2._o by_o the_o baron_n there_o against_o certain_a merchant_n of_o bristol_n and_o other_o place_n passage_n have_v be_v take_v for_o wine_n otherwise_o than_o in_o ancient_a time_n have_v be_v and_o therefore_o they_o pray_v they_o may_v pay_v their_o prize_n wine_n in_o the_o manner_n they_o have_v use_v to_o pay_v notwithstanding_o any_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o exchequer_n or_o other_o ordinance_n make_v by_o the_o say_a treasurer_n contrary_a to_o the_o ancient_a usage_n which_o petition_n the_o king_n grant_v and_o the_o judgement_n thereupon_o become_v void_a and_o the_o prisage_n wine_n have_v be_v pay_v contrary_a to_o the_o judgement_n ever_o since_o in_o 1._o 165._o 1._o el._n dier_n 165._o el._n dier_n 165._o upon_o the_o complaint_n make_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o imposition_n set_v upon_o cloth_n by_o queen_n mary_n by_o her_o absolute_a power_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n the_o cause_n be_v think_v too_o weighty_a to_o be_v decide_v in_o any_o one_o court_n but_o as_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o book_n it_o be_v refer_v to_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n who_o divers_a time_n have_v conference_n about_o it_o so_o it_o may_v well_o be_v there_o be_v nothing_o against_o it_o in_o our_o year_n book_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o of_o it_o another_o objection_n be_v this_o which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o last_o argument_n viz._n that_o custom_n be_v original_o due_a by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n it_o can_v then_o have_v no_o other_o ground_n or_o cause_n but_o mere_o by_o the_o king_n royal_a prerogative_n as_o a_o right_n and_o duty_n original_o belong_v to_o his_o crown_n which_o if_o it_o be_v it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v he_o may_v impose_v for_o that_o be_v but_o the_o exercise_v of_o that_o right_n to_o prove_v this_o be_v allege_v the_o case_n 39_o 3.13_o 39_o e._n 3.13_o e._n 3.13_o by_o which_o case_n it_o appear_v that_o king_n john_n have_v a_o custom_n of_o eight_o penny_n on_o a_o tonn_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o part_n of_o southampton_a but_o the_o book_n do_v not_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o king_n have_v it_o by_o prerogative_n and_o he_o may_v have_v it_o aswell_o otherwise_o as_o by_o prescription_n or_o convention_n which_o shall_v rather_o be_v intend_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o certainty_n of_o the_o sum_n pay_v for_o if_o it_o be_v by_o prerogative_n he_o may_v take_v sometime_o more_o sometime_o less_o at_o his_o will_n the_o right_a be_v indefinite_a and_o the_o quantity_n limit_v only_o by_o his_o own_o discretion_n 352._o 18._o el_n dier_n 352._o a_o common_a person_n may_v have_v such_o a_o custom_n certain_a as_o 18._o el._n dier_n 352._o the_o mayor_n of_o london_n have_v the_o twenty_o part_n of_o salt_n bring_v into_o the_o city_n by_o alien_n which_o be_v a_o great_a imposition_n but_o be_v good_a by_o prescription_n original_o and_o have_v receive_v great_a strength_n since_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n so_o it_o appear_v 43._o dier_n 43._o that_o john_n of_o britain_n have_v custom_n of_o the_o ship_n that_o arrive_v at_o his_o port_n of_o little_a yarmouth_n worth_a twenty_o pound_n per_fw-la a_o and_o these_o instance_n do_v infer_v that_o a_o custom_n may_v be_v otherwise_o then_o by_o prerogative_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o good_a argument_n to_o conclude_v the_o king_n have_v such_o a_o custom_n therefore_o he_o have_v it_o by_o prerogative_n the_o book_n in_o 30._o h._n 8._o dier_n 43._o 43._o 30._o hen._n 8._o dier_n 43._o be_v much_o press_v on_o this_o point_n which_o say_v that_o custom_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n at_o common_a law_n and_o do_v instance_n in_o wool_n will_v fell_n and_o leather_n begin_v at_o the_o common_a law_n but_o abridge_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 14._o e._n 3._o ca._n 21._o stat_fw-la 1._o statn_n 14._o ed._n 3._o c._n 21._o statn_n r._n but_o this_o appear_v to_o be_v a_o great_a error_n and_o mistake_v in_o the_o book_n for_o we_o do_v find_v that_o that_o custom_n of_o wool_n wooll-fells_a and_o leather_n be_v begin_v by_o a_o grant_n in_o parliament_n as_o appear_v in_o statute_n 15._o e._n 1._o ca._n 7._o the_o word_n be_v grant_v to_o we_o by_o the_o commonalty_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o last_o mention_n before_o be_v that_o the_o king_n have_v grant_v to_o the_o bishop_n earl_n baron_n and_o all_o the_o commonalty_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n novem._n 3._o ed._n 1._o the_o king_n recite_v in_o his_o letter_n patent_n that_o prelati_fw-la magnates_fw-la actota_fw-la communitas_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la regni_fw-la grant_v this_o new_a custom_n and_o so_o the_o ground_n and_o motive_n of_o that_o opinion_n be_v false_a all_o ground_a upon_o that_o must_v needs_o be_v erroneous_a it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o king_n hold_v at_o this_o day_n the_o increase_n of_o four_o penny_n in_o the_o pound_n over_o due_a custom_n pay_v by_o merchant_n alien_n according_a to_o the_o purport_n of_o the_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la 31._o e._n 1._o turri_n rot._n char_n 31._o e._n 1._o nu_fw-la 44._o in_o turri_n by_o mere_a right_n of_o prerogative_n at_o the_o common_a law_n for_o by_o that_o grant_n of_o the_o merchant_n he_o can_v hold_v it_o they_o be_v no_o body_n politic_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o grant_n and_o therefore_o the_o grant_n be_v mere_o void_a to_o bind_v in_o succession_n and_o yet_o the_o merchant_n alien_n do_v pay_v it_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o by_o the_o common-law_n a_o contract_n with_o a_o number_n not_o incorporate_v bind_v not_o succession_n but_o we_o must_v take_v notice_n that_o they_o by_o who_o that_o grant_n be_v make_v of_o the_o augmentation_n of_o custom_n by_o threepence_n in_o the_o pound_n and_o other_o increase_v 31._o e._n 1._o be_v merchant_n alien_n who_o by_o the_o law_n of_o merchant_n and_o nation_n may_v contract_v to_o bind_v their_o successor_n in_o matter_n of_o traffic_n for_o their_o contract_n be_v not_o rule_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n &_o per_fw-la ●egem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la as_o the_o book_n case_n be_v 13._o ed._n 4.10_o and_o there_o be_v a_o good_a consideration_n give_v they_o by_o the_o king_n for_o this_o increase_n of_o custom_n as_o discharge_v of_o prize_n wine_n for_o two_o shilling_n the_o tonn_n and_o other_o immunity_n which_o all_o merchant_n alien_n hold_v and_o enjoy_v at_o this_o day_n by_o force_n of_o that_o contract_n make_v 31._o e._n 1._o for_o a_o stranger_n pay_v now_o but_o two_o shilling_n the_o tonn_n for_o prisage_n whereas_o it_o stand_v a_o english_a man_n in_o much_o more_o so_o as_o the_o rule_n of_o commutative_a justice_n make_v the_o contract_n available_a to_o the_o king_n against_o the_o merchant_n because_o he_o part_v with_o part_n of_o his_o prisage_n to_o the_o merchant_n and_o make_v it_o available_a to_o the_o merchant_n against_o the_o king_n because_o he_o give_v he_o increase_v of_o custom_n above_o that_o be_v due_a by_o law_n 26_o 27._o e._n 3._o c_o 26_o but_o the_o statute_n of_o 27._o e._n 3._o cap._n 26._o heretofore_o cite_v do_v make_v this_o point_n clear_a without_o scruple_n which_o confirm_v the_o charter_n of_o 31._o e._n 1._o entire_o and_o by_o that_o the_o increase_n of_o custom_n by_o threepence_n in_o the_o pound_n which_o be_v by_o name_n mention_v in_o the_o statute_n be_v now_o due_a by_o act_n of_o parliament_n if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o king_n hold_v this_o increase_n of_o custom_n by_o prerogative_n you_o go_v direct_o against_o his_o meaning_n for_o it_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o present_o follow_v this_o grant_n that_o the_o king_n take_v this_o increase_n of_o

there_o punish_v and_o his_o patent_n take_v away_o and_o cancel_v what_o imposition_n have_v be_v set_v on_o in_o the_o king_n time_n i_o need_v not_o express_v they_o be_v set_v down_o particular_o in_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n that_o be_v in_o print_n they_o be_v not_o easy_o number_v the_o time_n for_o which_o they_o be_v raise_v be_v not_o short_a the_o patent_n prefix_v to_o that_o book_n bear_v date_n 28._o ●uln_v 6._o jacobi_fw-la will_v instruct_v you_o sufficient_o in_o that_o point_n they_o be_v limit_v to_o the_o king_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v the_o first_o estate_n of_o fee_n simple_a of_o imposition_n that_o ever_o man_n read_v of_o my_o eight_o and_o last_o observation_n be_v upon_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n give_v to_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n upon_o ware_n and_o merchandize_n export_v and_o import_v which_o be_v a_o imposition_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o as_o it_o will_v appear_v be_v give_v out_o of_o the_o people_n good_a will_n as_o a_o very_a gratification_n to_o the_o king_n to_o enjoin_v he_o thereby_o from_o the_o desire_n of_o voluntary_a imposition_n and_o to_o conclude_v he_o by_o that_o gift_n in_o parliament_n from_o attempt_v to_o take_v any_o other_o without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n for_o after_o the_o cease_n of_o voluntary_a imposition_n these_o parliamentary_a one_o be_v frequent_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o king_n that_o succeed_v but_o they_o be_v never_o give_v but_o for_o year_n with_o express_a caution_n how_o the_o money_n strould_v be_v bes●owed_v as_o towards_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n protection_n of_o traffic_n or_o some_o such_o other_o public_a cause_n sometime_o special_a sequestrator_n make_v by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n by_o who_o hand_n the_o money_n shall_v be_v deliver_v as_o 5._o 12._o 5._o r._n 2._o rot._n parl._n 7._o r._n 2_o n._n 13.10_o r._n 2._o n._n 12._o 7._o r._n 2._o n._n 12._o r._n 2._o cap._n 3._o in_o a_o print_a statute_n the_o rate_n that_o be_v give_v be_v very_o variable_a sometime_o two_o s._n tonnage_n and_o vi_o d._n poundage_n as_o 7._o r._n 2._o iii._o s._n tonnage_n and_o twelve_o d._n poundage_n 10._o r._n 2._o which_o grant_n be_v not_o to_o endure_v the_o long_a of_o they_o above_o a_o year_n xviii_o d._n tonnage_n vi_fw-la d._n poundage_n in_o 17._o r._n 2._o iii._o s._n tonnage_n and_o twelve_o d._n poundage_n grant_v to_o h._n 4._o in_o the_o thirteen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n in_o which_o statute_n there_o be_v this_o clause_n that_o this_o aid_n in_o time_n to_o come_v shall_v not_o be_v take_v a_o example_n to_o charge_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o manner_n of_o subsidy_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o and_o that_o by_o a_o new_a grant_n to_o be_v make_v in_o full_a parliament_n in_o time_n to_o come_v this_o clause_n in_o good_a and_o proper_a construction_n may_v be_v take_v to_o be_v a_o very_a convention_n between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n in_o parliament_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o from_o thenceforth_o nor_o any_o of_o his_o successor_n set_v on_o imposition_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n the_o like_a imposition_n be_v grant_v to_o h._n 5._o 17._o rot._n parl_n 1._o h._n 5._o n._n 17._o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o a_o short_a time_n towards_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o safeguard_n of_o the_o sea_n upon_o condition_n express_v in_o the_o act_n that_o the_o merchant_n denizen_n and_o estranger_n come_v into_o the_o realm_n with_o their_o merchandize_n shall_v be_v well_o and_o honest_o use_v and_o handle_v pay_v the_o say_a subsidy_n as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n and_o his_o noble_a progenitor_n king_n of_o england_n without_o oppression_n or_o extortion_n in_o the_o end_n of_o which_o act_n the_o commons_o protest_v be_v bind_v by_o any_o grant_n in_o time_n to_o come_v for_o the_o purpose_n aforesaid_a h._n 6._o in_o the_o one_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 33._o rot._n parl_n 31._o h_o 6._o 12._o e._n 4._o c._n 3._o 6._o h._n 8._o c._n 12._o 1._o e._n 6._o c._n 13._o 1._o ma._n c._n 18._o 1._o el._n c._n 19_o 1._o jac._n c._n 33._o have_v tonnage_n and_o poundage_n give_v he_o for_o his_o life_n e._n 4._o have_v it_o give_v he_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o a_o statute_n 12._o e._n 4._o cap._n 3._o h._n 8._o in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o all_o since_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o their_o reign_v have_v have_v it_o give_v they_o for_o term_n of_o their_o life_n and_o be_v now_o so_o certain_o settle_v in_o it_o do_v reach_v further_o at_o that_o from_o which_o they_o be_v in_o conscience_n and_o honour_n exclude_v by_o this_o voluntary_a gratification_n for_o can_v any_o man_n give_v i_o a_o reason_n why_o the_o people_n shall_v give_v this_o imposition_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n above_o the_o due_a custom_n upon_o all_o commodity_n if_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n may_v set_v on_o imposition_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n and_o be_v not_o that_o a_o wea●e_a action_n in_o a_o king_n to_o take_v that_o of_o his_o people_n as_o a_o benevolence_n from_o they_o with_o limitation_n of_o the_o same_o and_o in_o what_o it_o shall_v be_v employ_v and_o how_o they_o will_v be_v use_v for_o it_o and_o for_o what_o time_n he_o shall_v have_v it_o which_o he_o may_v just_o take_v without_o their_o consent_n unclogged_a of_o these_o unpleasing_a encumbrance_n the_o statute_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n make_v in_o our_o time_n that_o be_v altogether_o incline_v to_o flattery_n do_v yet_o retain_v in_o they_o certain_a show_n and_o rumour_n of_o those_o ancient_a liberty_n although_o indeed_o the_o substance_n be_v lose_v as_o in_o the_o srat._n 1._o lac_fw-la cap._n 33._o 1._o jac._n c._n 33._o 33._o we_o declare_v that_o we_o trust_v and_o have_v sure_a confidence_n of_o his_o majesty_n good_a will_n towards_o we_o in_o and_o for_o the_o keep_n and_o sure_o defend_v of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o it_o will_v please_v his_o highness_n that_o all_o merchant_n as_o well_o denizen_n as_o stranger_n come_v into_o this_o realm_n be_v well_o and_o honest_o entreat_v and_o demean_v for_o such_o thing_n whereof_o subsidy_n be_v grant_v as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o king_n progenitor_n and_o predecessor_n without_o oppression_n to_o they_o to_o be_v do_v by_o this_o clause_n as_o it_o now_o continue_v the_o true_a intent_n of_o this_o statute_n appear_v to_o be_v that_o there_o ought_v not_o other_o imposition_n be_v lay_v upon_o merchant_n beside_o these_o give_v by_o this_o statute_n and_o this_o intention_n have_v be_v well_o interpret_v by_o use_n and_o practice_v from_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 3._o to_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n mary_n as_o before_o be_v declare_v thus_o much_o of_o this_o last_o reason_n make_v from_o observation_n and_o the_o action_n of_o our_o nation_n i_o will_v answer_v now_o such_o main_a objection_n as_o have_v be_v make_v against_o the_o people_n right_a and_o have_v not_o be_v touch_v by_o i_o obiter_fw-la in_o my_o passage_n through_o this_o discourse_n that_o which_o have_v be_v most_o insist_v upon_o be_v this_o that_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n royal_a have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o havens_n and_o port_n of_o this_o island_n be_v the_o very_a gate_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o he_o in_o his_o royal_a function_n and_o office_n be_v only_o trust_v with_o the_o key_n of_o these_o gate_n that_o he_o alone_o have_v power_n to_o shut_v they_o and_o to_o open_v they_o when_o and_o to_o who_o he_o in_o his_o princely_a wisdom_n shall_v see_v good_a that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n he_o may_v restrain_v the_o person_n of_o any_o from_o go_v out_o of_o the_o land_n or_o from_o come_v into_o it_o that_o he_o may_v of_o his_o own_o power_n and_o discretion_n prohibit_v exportation_n and_o importation_n of_o good_n and_o merchandize_n and_o out_o of_o this_o prerogative_n and_o pre-eminence_n the_o power_n of_o impose_v as_o be_v derivative_a do_v arise_v and_o result_v for_o cui_fw-la quod_fw-la maius_fw-la est_fw-la licet_fw-la &_o ei_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la minus_fw-la licitum_fw-la est_fw-la so_o their_o reason_n brief_o be_v this_o the_o king_n may_v restrain_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o person_n and_o of_o the_o good_n therefore_o he_o may_v suffer_v they_o not_o to_o pass_v but_o sub_fw-la modo_fw-la pay_v such_o a_o imposition_n for_o his_o sufferance_n as_o he_o shall_v set_v upon_o they_o for_o the_o ground_n and_o proposition_n lay_v in_o this_o objection_n i_o shall_v not_o be_v much_o against_o any_o one_o of_o they_o other_o of_o

custom_n by_o way_n of_o contract_n only_o and_o not_o by_o prerogative_n for_o the_o same_o year_n follow_v he_o direct_v his_o writ_n to_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o port_n recite_v the_o contract_n make_v with_o the_o alien_n by_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la add_v further_o that_o some_o denizen_n be_v willing_a to_o pay_v the_o like_a custom_n upon_o the_o same_o immunity_n to_o they_o to_o be_v grant_v and_o do_v assign_v his_o officer_n to_o gather_v it_o but_o with_o this_o clause_n si_fw-mi gratanter_fw-la &_o absque_fw-la coertione_fw-la solvere_fw-la voluerint_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la aliquem_fw-la mercatorem_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la &_o potestate_fw-la nostrâ_fw-la ad_fw-la praestationes_fw-la &_o custumas_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la invito_fw-la solvendas_fw-la nullatenùs_fw-la distringatis_fw-la nothing_o can_v more_o plain_o express_v that_o the_o king_n intention_n be_v not_o to_o demand_v this_o by_o way_n of_o prerogative_n but_o by_o force_n of_o the_o contract_n if_o there_o be_v such_o a_o prerogative_n in_o the_o crown_n as_o of_o right_a to_o have_v custom_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v this_o prerogative_n never_o yet_o have_v fruit_n or_o effect_n for_o this_o i_o can_v maintain_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v not_o one_o penny_n custom_n or_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n elder_a than_o the_o four_o year_n of_o queen_n mary_n that_o he_o hold_v not_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o by_o the_o people_n grant_n the_o elder_a that_o he_o have_v be_v that_o of_o wool_n woolfell_n and_o leather_n and_o that_o be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o statute_n 25._o e._n 1._o cap._n 7._o 7._o 25._o e._n 1._o c._n 7._o the_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n by_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o every_o king_n reign_n the_o alien_n increase_v of_o custom_n by_o parliament_n 27._o e._n 3._o 27._o 27._o e._n 3._o cap._n 27._o cap._n 26._o then_o this_o prerogative_n have_v be_v much_o neglect_v that_o it_o be_v never_o call_v on_o to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n until_o now_o of_o late_a year_n concern_v the_o statute_n make_v for_o restrain_v our_o king_n from_o the_o exercise_n of_o this_o pretend_a prerogative_n 3._o statute_n 3._o which_o be_v the_o three_o matter_n i_o stand_v upon_o those_o that_o have_v maintain_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o point_n have_v endeavour_v to_o interpret_v those_o statute_n to_o extend_v only_o to_o restrain_v he_o from_o impose_v upon_o wool_n woolfell_n and_o leather_n which_o be_v staple_n commodity_n and_o the_o reason_n they_o give_v for_o this_o restraint_n more_o than_o for_o other_o good_n be_v because_o the_o king_n by_o statute_n be_v restrain_v to_o a_o custom_n certain_a for_o those_o commodity_n as_o the_o half_a mark_n a_o sack_n of_o wool_n and_o half_o a_o mark_n three_o hundred_o woollfel_n and_o thirteen_o shilling_n four_o penny_n a_o last_o of_o leather_n and_o therefore_o great_a reason_n he_o shall_v not_o exceed_v this_o custom_n in_o these_o commodity_n this_o objection_n receive_v many_o answer_n first_o it_o appear_v both_o by_o the_o express_a letter_n of_o divers_a of_o the_o law_n make_v in_o this_o point_n by_o the_o occasion_n that_o induce_v the_o make_n of_o the_o law_n and_o by_o the_o execution_n of_o they_o that_o all_o other_o ware_n and_o merchandise_n aswell_o as_o those_o of_o the_o staple_n be_v within_o the_o purpose_n and_o intent_n of_o those_o law_n second_o the_o reason_n aleadge_v why_o there_o shall_v be_v restraint_n for_o the_o staple_n commodity_n rather_o than_o for_o the_o other_o be_v mistake_v for_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o do_v grant_v to_o e._n 1._o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o half_a mark_n for_o wool_n woolfel_n and_o leather_n which_o be_v matter_n of_o mere_a grace_n and_o liberality_n and_o include_v no_o restraint_n in_o it_o but_o rather_o a_o favourable_a extension_n quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o objection_n according_a to_o that_o rule_n of_o interpretation_n gratiosa_fw-la ampliari_fw-la decet_fw-la odiosa_fw-la restringi_fw-la and_o admit_v some_o law_n be_v make_v express_o to_o restrain_v imposition_n upon_o wool_n woollfel_n and_o leather_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o occasion_n of_o make_v such_o law_n be_v the_o actual_a impose_v upon_o those_o good_n at_o that_o time_n shall_v we_o not_o by_o good_a construction_n secundum_fw-la mentem_fw-la extensivum_fw-la legis_fw-la extend_v this_o law_n to_o other_o ware_n and_o merchandize_n that_o be_v within_o the_o same_o mischief_n if_o we_o look_v to_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n we_o shall_v make_v no_o doubt_n of_o it_o for_o that_o be_v because_o the_o imposition_n be_v without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n not_o because_o they_o be_v upon_o such_o and_o such_o commodity_n beside_o those_o law_n so_o make_v be_v declarativae_fw-la juris_fw-la antiqui_fw-la non_fw-la introductivae_fw-la novi_fw-la in_o the_o enumeration_n of_o those_o statute_n which_o i_o conceive_v make_v direct_o to_o this_o purpose_n i_o will_v endeavour_v rather_o to_o answer_v the_o objection_n make_v against_o they_o than_o to_o enforce_v the_o sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o they_o which_o be_v very_o plain_a and_o open_a and_o needs_o no_o interpretation_n the_o first_o statute_n enforce_v be_v mag._n charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o make_v in_o the_o nine_o year_n of_o h._n 3._o by_o which_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o all_o merchant_n shall_v have_v free_a egress_n and_o regress_n out_o of_o and_o into_o this_o realm_n with_o their_o good_n and_o merchandize_n to_o buy_v and_o sell_v sine_fw-la omnibus_fw-la malis_fw-la tolnetis_fw-gr per_fw-la antiquas_fw-la &_o rectas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la in_o which_o word_n we_o may_v infer_v that_o both_o the_o use_n and_o right_n of_o impose_v be_v absolute_o exclude_v and_o debar_v for_o consuetudo_fw-la which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o usage_n which_o be_v mos_fw-la not_o improper_o for_o portorium_n a_o duty_n pay_v in_o money_n as_o our_o english_a word_n custom_n in_o one_o sense_n do_v signify_v impli_v a_o begin_n and_o continuance_n by_o consent_n and_o will_v of_o the_o party_n not_o by_o power_n and_o enforcement_n which_o can_v be_v a_o custom_n and_o therefore_o it_o can_v be_v a_o imposition_n for_o that_o arise_v merc_o out_o of_o the_o will_n and_o power_n of_o their_o imposer_n and_o be_v against_o the_o will_n of_o he_o upon_o who_o good_n it_o be_v set_v but_o take_v consuetudo_fw-la either_o for_o mos_fw-la or_o portorium_fw-la the_o epithet_n with_o which_o it_o be_v qualify_v antiquum_fw-la and_o rectum_fw-la do_v describe_v it_o to_o be_v of_o that_o nature_n that_o it_o can_v be_v a_o imposition_n for_o antiquum_fw-la in_o legal_a construction_n be_v that_o which_o be_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n that_o be_v not_o a_o imposition_n for_o then_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n it_o shall_v grow_v aright_o by_o prescription_n and_o be_v justifiable_a rectum_fw-la impli_v a_o limit_v right_a which_o infer_v there_o may_v be_v a_o wrong_n and_o exceed_a of_o that_o right_n which_o be_v not_o in_o imposition_n for_o if_o there_o be_v a_o right_a in_o the_o king_n to_o impose_v the_o quantity_n time_n and_o other_o circumstance_n be_v in_o his_o discretion_n the_o right_n be_v illimited_a and_o if_o he_o set_v on_o never_o so_o great_a a_o imposition_n there_o be_v as_o much_o right_n in_o it_o as_o if_o it_o be_v never_o so_o small_a the_o excess_n make_v it_o a_o burden_n but_o not_o a_o wrong_n we_o may_v further_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o statute_n malum_fw-la tolnetum_fw-la which_o be_v evil_a toll_n be_v set_v down_o by_o way_n of_o antithesis_fw-la to_o antiqua_fw-la and_o recta_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la by_o which_o be_v infer_v that_o exaction_n upon_o ware_n and_o merchandize_n not_o qualify_v with_o these_o two_o property_n of_o antiquum_fw-la and_o rectum_fw-la be_v evil_a and_o unjust_a this_o be_v make_v more_o evident_a by_o a_o record_n in_o the_o tower_n of_o the_o sixteenth_o year_n of_o h._n 3._o which_o be_v a_o mandat_fw-la send_v by_o the_o king_n to_o the_o customer_n of_o his_o port_n for_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o law_n make_v in_o 9_o h._n 3._o 20_o rot._n clau_n 16._o h._n 3._o num_fw-la 20_o whereby_o it_o be_v command_v quod_fw-la omnibus_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la in_o portum_fw-la suum_fw-la venientibus_fw-la cum_fw-la vinis_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la merchandizis_fw-la scire_fw-la faciant_fw-la quod_fw-la saluò_fw-la &_o securè_fw-la in_o terram_fw-la angliae_fw-la veniant_fw-la cum_fw-la vinis_fw-la &_o mercandizis_fw-la suis_fw-la faciendo_fw-la inde_fw-la rectas_fw-la &_o debitas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la nec_fw-la sibi_fw-la timeant_fw-la de_fw-la malis_fw-la tolnetis_fw-gr quae_fw-la we_o faciat_fw-la rex_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la suâ_fw-la fieri_fw-la permittat_fw-la by_o this_o record_n the_o word_n consuetudo_fw-la be_v interpret_v to_o be_v mos_fw-la not_o portorium_fw-la otherwise_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v solvendo_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la not_o faciendo_fw-la also_o these_o