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regent_n the_o french_a king_n his_o father_n be_v prisoner_n to_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n which_o treaty_n be_v make_v the_o eight_o of_o may_v 1360_o in_o brittany_n near_o chartres_n and_o confirm_v at_o calais_n whereupon_o sixteen_o hostage_n be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v to_o come_v thither_o in_o person_n and_o to_o pay_v three_o million_o of_o crown_n for_o his_o ransom_n of_o two_o crown_n to_o be_v reckon_v for_o a_o english_a noble_a call_v in_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o his_o time_n angel_n noble_a be_v some_o 750000_o 〈◊〉_d sterling_a france_n the_o ransom_n of_o king_n john_n of_o france_n the_o ship_n whereof_o upon_o the_o one_o side_n do_v signify_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n whereunto_o old_a chaucer_n the_o poet_n do_v allude_v in_o henry_n the_o five_o his_o time_n this_o money_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o weet_v six_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n at_o calais_n within_o 4_o month_n after_o king_n johns_n arrival_n there_o more_fw-mi four_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n within_o the_o year_n and_o so_o much_o yearly_a until_o the_o full_a payment_n make_v
within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v the_o king_n chamber_n after_o this_o follow_v the_o particular_a letter_n for_o the_o delivery_n of_o several_a country_n and_o town_n as_o caour_n carsin_n monstreull_a calais_n rochel_n turaine_n poitiers_n poitou_n xantes_n xantogne_n dagonois_n perigot_n and_o diverse_a other_o beside_o many_o letter_n concern_v the_o french_a king_n liberty_n and_o his_o hostage_n and_o of_o the_o homage_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o remain_v with_o the_o title_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o domayne_n beside_o many_o other_o memorable_a thing_n so_o that_o all_o matter_n concern_v the_o sea_n and_o land_n be_v establish_v for_o those_o sea_n and_o king_n eâ—ward_n take_v six_o penny_n a_o ton_n for_o fish_v ship_n king_n henry_n the_o five_o who_o do_v conquer_v all_o france_n and_o have_v the_o possession_n of_o mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la lose_v nothing_o of_o his_o right_n no_o more_o do_v henry_n the_o six_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o their_o proclamation_n treaty_n hollâ—ngshed_n chro_fw-la hollâ—ngshed_n and_o contract_v not_o only_o with_o the_o french_a but_o with_o the_o archduke_n of_o burgundy_n as_o by_o guicchardins_n chronicle_n treatise_n chr._n froiszart_n guiccâ—arâ—in_n and_o the_o say_a treatise_n or_o historical_a description_n of_o the_o low-countries_n appear_v and_o as_o doctor_n d_o you_o in_o his_o book_n of_o navigation_n affirm_v king_n henry_n the_o seven_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o fish_n trade_n proper_o belong_v unto_o england_n in_o his_o sea_n and_o dominion_n have_v resolve_v to_o settle_v a_o trade_n thereupon_o which_o he_o prefer_v above_o all_o voyage_n for_o in_o those_o day_n there_o be_v no_o fish_v trade_n establish_v in_o the_o low-countries_n antiquity_n by_o original_a antiquity_n and_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o one_o hundred_o year_n complete_a that_o one_o violet_n stephens_n and_o other_o discontent_a fishmonger_n depart_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o go_v into_o holland_n to_o the_o town_n of_o enckhusen_n where_o they_o procure_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o fish_n for_o they_o in_o his_o majesty_n of_o great_a britain_n sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n which_o inhabitant_n upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o say_v englishmen_n fishmonger_n take_v the_o whole_a trade_n to_o themselves_o disperse_v the_o same_o into_o many_o other_o town_n whereby_o the_o same_o be_v admirable_o increase_v queen_n marie_n be_v marry_v with_o king_n philip_n the_o second_o of_o spain_n under_o who_o all_o the_o seventeen_o low_a province_n be_v unite_v grant_v a_o lease_n unto_o the_o say_a king_n for_o the_o fish_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o ireland_n for_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n for_o a_o certain_a fine_a and_o pay_v one_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a into_o the_o treasury_n of_o ireland_n and_o edward_n fitton_n knight_n then_o treasurer_n and_o the_o company_n of_o the_o old_a haunce_n in_o primo_fw-la of_o the_o say_a queen_n marie_n have_v also_o liberty_n to_o sish_v within_o the_o say_a sea_n upon_o certain_a condition_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o for_o england_n northwards_o licence_n be_v give_v at_o scarborough_n castle_n to_o this_o distinction_n of_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n porteullis_n invention_n of_o the_o porteullis_n i_o call_v to_o memory_n the_o proceed_n of_o that_o victorious_a king_n henry_n the_o eight_o who_o during_o the_o time_n that_o calais_n be_v under_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n as_o it_o have_v be_v full_a 211_o year_n use_v the_o invention_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o portcullis_n signify_v the_o power_n of_o lock_v up_o of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n between_o dover_n and_o calais_n which_o be_v think_v convenient_a to_o be_v use_v upon_o the_o coin_n make_v for_o the_o east-indies_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o trade_n be_v piece_n of_o the_o value_n of_o eight_o royal_n of_o spain_n whereof_o there_o be_v coin_a in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n for_o a_o trial_n in_o januarie_n 1600_o some_o six_o thousand_o pound_n which_o can_v not_o be_v make_v currant_n there_o because_o the_o spanish_a piece_n of_o eight_o royal_n have_v be_v before_o that_o time_n counterfeit_v by_o other_o nation_n which_o make_v the_o east-indians_a to_o doubt_v of_o our_o coin_n although_o without_o cause_n this_o noble_a king_n henry_n have_v procure_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o to_o meet_v with_o the_o french_a king_n go_v over_o in_o person_n with_o a_o great_a power_n to_o besiege_v the_o town_n of_o boulogne_n in_o france_n and_o when_o he_o see_v that_o the_o emperor_n tent_n or_o pavilion_n be_v make_v with_o the_o two_o pillar_n of_o hercules_n and_o the_o inscription_n plus_fw-fr ultra_fw-la and_o likewise_o the_o french_a king_n tent_n with_o the_o three_o flower_n deluce_n and_o the_o title_n of_o primus_fw-la christianorum_fw-la rex_fw-la he_o cause_v a_o archer_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o his_o pavilion_n with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o his_o inscription_n be_v cui_fw-la adherio_fw-la praeest_fw-la declare_v thereby_o his_o present_a strength_n whereby_o he_o do_v qualify_v those_o war_n and_o peace_n be_v make_v between_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o say_v french_a king_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o state_n of_o a_o prince_n do_v as_o much_o consist_v by_o reputation_n as_o by_o strength_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n have_v also_o be_v mindful_a of_o his_o right_n of_o distinct_a dominion_n for_o the_o great_a blessing_n which_o almighty_a god_n have_v allot_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a under_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v so_o visible_a to_o all_o the_o world_n as_o that_o thereby_o they_o be_v ravish_v with_o admiration_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o earthly_a blessing_n be_v produce_v in_o seasonable_a time_n yet_o the_o blessing_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v direct_v and_o point_v at_o by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n at_o infallible_a season_n cause_v those_o watery_a creature_n to_o offer_v themselves_o for_o our_o sustenance_n and_o for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o all_o creature_n in_o place_n certain_a within_o his_o majesty_n sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n and_o not_o into_o the_o main_a where_o fish_v can_v be_v effect_v whereupon_o his_o majesty_n before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n do_v let_v the_o fish_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o hollander_n for_o fifteen_o year_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o more_o ancient_a treaty_n between_o they_o that_o the_o fish_n then_o agree_v upon_o shall_v be_v eighty_o mile_n from_o the_o coast_n to_o the_o end_n the_o scoles_n of_o herring_n shall_v not_o be_v interrupt_v his_o majesty_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n of_o great_a britain_n make_v a_o grant_v to_o one_o collyn_n of_o coventrie_n for_o twenty_o one_o year_n for_o the_o fish_n in_o some_o part_n of_o ireland_n fish_v grant_v make_v for_o fish_v and_o the_o like_a grant_n have_v be_v make_v for_o the_o isle_n of_o garnesey_n and_o jarnesey_n according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n law_n by_o the_o common_a law_n which_o in_o this_o point_n concern_v his_o majesty_n right_a of_o dominion_n be_v very_o copious_a the_o handle_n whereof_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a of_o the_o say_v law_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n say_a reign_n his_o highness_n cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v concern_v his_o dominion_n of_o fish_v which_o be_v compendious_a and_o substantial_a i_o think_v convenient_a here_o to_o be_v insert_v verbatim_o james_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defendor_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n to_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n to_o who_o it_o may_v appertain_v greeting_n although_o we_o do_v sufficient_o know_v by_o our_o experience_n in_o the_o office_n of_o regal_a dignity_n in_o which_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o almighty_a god_n we_o have_v be_v place_v and_o exercise_v these_o many_o year_n as_o also_o by_o observation_n which_o we_o have_v make_v of_o other_o christian_a prince_n exemplary_a action_n how_o far_o the_o absoluteness_n of_o our_o sovereign_a power_n extend_v itself_o and_o that_o in_o regard_n thereof_o we_o need_v not_o to_o yield_v account_n to_o any_o person_n under_o god_n for_o any_o action_n of_o we_o which_o be_v lawful_o ground_v upon_o that_o just_a prerogative_n yet_o such_o have_v ever_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v our_o care_n and_o desire_v to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o friend_n in_o any_o action_n which_o may_v have_v the_o least_o relation_n to_o their_o subject_n and_o estate_n as_o we_o have_v think_v good_a by_o way_n of_o friendly_a praemonition_n to_o declare_v unto_o they_o all_o and_o to_o whosoever_o it_o may_v appertain_v as_o follow_v whereas_o we_o
a_o man_n for_o every_o month_n beside_o the_o ship_n freight_v and_o man_n wage_n which_o may_v be_v agree_v upon_o diverse_o and_o common_o the_o company_n be_v permit_v to_o have_v one_o three_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n one_o three_o and_o the_o merchant_n or_o merchandise_n one_o three_o all_o other_o incident_a charge_n to_o be_v bear_v according_o between_o they_o whereof_o indenture_n of_o covenant_n be_v make_v have_v reserve_v to_o entreat_v of_o this_o important_a business_n of_o fish_v in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o first_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la concern_v commodity_n which_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o body_n of_o traffic_n together_o with_o the_o sea-lawe_n observe_v therein_o with_o all_o other_o custom_n of_o commerce_n let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o second_o part_n touch_v money_n be_v the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n which_o in_o time_n past_a be_v note_v to_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o fish_n trade_n now_o so_o much_o neglect_v appertain_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n as_o have_v be_v show_v even_o by_o original_a antiquity_n the_o correspondence_n and_o long_a intercourse_n between_o the_o society_n of_o goldsmith_n and_o fishmonger_n allude_v hereunto_o for_o saint_n dunstane_n the_o bishop_n dunstone_n the_o allusion_n of_o saint_n dunstone_n term_v to_o be_v the_o patron_n of_o the_o company_n of_o goldsmith_n have_v no_o other_o elixir_n or_o philosopher_n stone_n than_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o fish_v be_v obtain_v whereby_o the_o kingdom_n plate_n and_o bullion_n be_v procure_v for_o the_o advancement_n of_o which_o fish_v trade_n he_o do_v advise_v that_o three_o fish_v day_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v every_o week_n which_o cause_v also_o more_o abstinence_n and_o hence_o the_o proverb_n come_v that_o saint_n dunstane_n take_v the_o devil_n by_o the_o nose_n with_o his_o pincher_n which_o custom_n if_o it_o be_v better_o observe_v with_o we_o will_v prove_v very_o beneficial_a to_o the_o state_n and_o commonwealth_n *_o âŽ_o *_o the_o second_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o ancient_a law-merchant_n concern_v money_n compare_v to_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n we_o have_v already_o compare_v the_o three_o simple_n or_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n unto_o the_o body_n soul_n and_o spirit_n and_o in_o our_o first_o pâ—rt_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la treat_v of_o commodity_n as_o the_o body_n of_o traffic_n with_o the_o dependence_n thereupon_o as_o be_v proper_o the_o cause_n of_o commerce_n with_o their_o effect_n adjunct_n and_o accident_n which_o method_n we_o be_v now_o also_o to_o observe_v in_o this_o second_o part_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n concern_v money_n compare_v to_o the_o soul_n which_o infuse_v life_n unto_o traffic_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n prevent_v advantage_n between_o buyer_n and_o seller_n and_o because_o money_n be_v make_v of_o metal_n whereof_o we_o have_v not_o speak_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o commodity_n whereby_o commerce_n be_v maintain_v here_o we_o be_v to_o begin_v with_o the_o very_a original_n of_o metal_n and_o mine_n as_o a_o matter_n worthy_a the_o knowledge_n of_o merchant_n and_o other_o first_o we_o find_v that_o when_o commodity_n begin_v much_o to_o abound_v in_o the_o world_n all_o manner_n of_o mettle_n as_o gold_n silver_n copper_n tin_n lead_v and_o iron_n grow_v into_o great_a estimation_n as_o be_v fit_a and_o more_o durable_a for_o preservation_n and_o so_o the_o pure_a and_o fine_a mettle_n most_o esteem_v at_o which_o time_n the_o riches_n of_o man_n be_v notwithstanding_o describe_v to_o consist_v of_o cattle_n commodity_n and_o other_o movable_n pecuâ—aâ—ia_fw-la pecuâ—ia_n non_fw-la pecuâ—aâ—ia_fw-la and_o there_o be_v a_o commutation_n of_o commodity_n as_o have_v be_v declare_v which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o cumbersome_a money_n the_o beginning_n of_o money_n and_o do_v require_v much_o carriage_n of_o ware_n up_o and_o down_o from_o one_o country_n unto_o another_o by_o reason_n whereof_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v coin_a to_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o square_v whereby_o all_o other_o thing_n shall_v receive_v estimation_n and_o price_n and_o as_o it_o be_v become_v a_o measure_n whereby_o the_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n may_v be_v set_v mensura_fw-la publica_n mensura_fw-la to_o maintain_v a_o certain_a evenhood_n or_o equality_n in_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o the_o same_o to_o have_v his_o stand_a valuation_n only_o by_o public_a authority_n to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o thing_n may_v equal_o pass_v by_o trade_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o money_n denomination_n of_o money_n concern_v the_o denomination_n of_o money_n it_o be_v derive_v of_o moneta_n which_o proceed_v a_o monendo_fw-la to_o show_v you_o the_o name_n of_o the_o prince_n vel_fw-la nummi_fw-la nota_fw-la and_o consequent_o the_o price_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o coin_n by_o his_o authority_n make_v stamp_a and_o value_v fundamentum_fw-la pecus_fw-la fuit_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la fundamentum_fw-la pecunia_n be_v derive_v a_o pecude_fw-la of_o cattle_n as_o of_o sheep_n and_o ox_n the_o figure_n whereof_o be_v coin_a thereupon_o nummus_fw-la a_o numerando_fw-la vel_fw-la nomine_fw-la of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o prince_n stamp_v upon_o it_o and_o also_o so_o call_v carolus_n guildren_n or_o floren_n so_o a_o ducat_n of_o ducatus_fw-la the_o name_n of_o a_o duke_n and_o in_o time_n past_o be_v call_v stipendium_fw-la be_v a_o stipe_z &_o pendo_fw-la before_o the_o same_o be_v coin_a with_o a_o stamp_n but_o make_v and_o weigh_v be_v silver_n as_o the_o cycle_n of_o the_o hebrew_n the_o roman_n in_o time_n past_o use_v copper_n money_n call_v their_o exchequer_n aerarium_fw-la so_o in_o germany_n it_o be_v call_v argentarium_n of_o the_o silver_n and_o be_v keep_v at_o strasbourgh_n that_o city_n be_v call_v argentina_n the_o first_o silver_n money_n coin_a be_v the_o 484_o year_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o coin_n of_o gold_n be_v sixty_o and_o two_o year_n after_o that_o since_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n until_o the_o year_n of_o 1622_o be_v 2373_o year_n valuation_n sterling_a standard_n alter_v in_o the_o valuation_n the_o sterling_a standard_n of_o the_o money_n of_o england_n be_v first_o coin_a at_o a_o place_n so_o call_v by_o osbright_n a_o saxon_a king_n of_o england_n above_o seuâ—n_n hundred_o year_n since_o at_o which_o time_n a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v divide_v into_o twenty_o piece_n and_o so_o esteem_v twenty_o penny_n as_o who_o shall_v say_v so_o many_o piece_n which_o so_o continue_v by_o denomination_n until_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o his_o time_n who_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o inhance_a of_o money_n in_o foreign_a part_n value_v the_o same_o at_o thirty_o penny_n but_o there_o be_v more_o piece_n make_v out_o of_o the_o say_a ounce_n and_o the_o former_a piece_n go_v for_o three_o half_a penny_n until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o and_o then_o they_o be_v currant_n for_o two_o penny_n and_o the_o say_a king_n do_v value_v the_o say_a ounce_n at_o forty_o penny_n until_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o do_v value_v the_o ounce_n of_o sterling_a silver_n at_o forty_o and_o five_o penny_n and_o so_o continue_v until_o king_n edward_n the_o six_o and_o until_o queen_n elizabeth_n her_o time_n and_o then_o the_o very_a same_o piece_n or_o the_o same_o penny_n be_v value_v at_o three_o penny_n and_o so_o do_v all_o three_o pence_n coin_a by_o the_o say_a queen_n weigh_v but_o a_o penny_n weight_n and_o the_o six_o penny_n two_o penny_n weight_n and_o according_o the_o shilling_n and_o other_o piece_n which_o make_v the_o ounce_n to_o be_v value_v at_o sixty_o penny_n or_o five_o shilling_n whereof_o twelve_o ounce_n make_v the_o pound_n troy_n weight_n weight_n the_o pound_n troy_n divide_v by_o weight_n which_o remain_v divide_v nevertheless_o in_o twenty_o penny_n weight_n for_o the_o say_a ounce_n be_v still_o the_o same_o in_o weight_n do_v retain_v the_o same_o name_n and_o four_o and_o twenty_o grain_n also_o for_o every_o penny_n weight_n and_o according_a to_o the_o say_a pound_n weight_n be_v the_o finesse_n of_o silver_n also_o divide_v for_o if_o it_o be_v all_o pure_a silver_n without_o any_o copper_n call_v allay_v it_o be_v just_o call_v twelve_o ounce_n fine_a because_o that_o pound_n weigh_v twelve_o ounce_n and_o have_v no_o mixture_n in_o it_o finesse_n the_o pound_n of_o silver_n divide_v in_o finesse_n and_o so_o every_o ounce_n be_v consequent_o twenty_o penny_n weight_n in_o finesse_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n be_v twenty_o and_o four_o grain_n in_o finesse_n the_o finesse_n of_o gold_n be_v twenty_o and_o four_o carrat_n gold_n finesse_n of_o gold_n and_o every_o carrot_fw-la be_v four_a grain_n in_o finesse_n and_o be_v
their_o body_n until_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n for_o albeit_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n be_v right_o term_v to_o be_v the_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n man_n the_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v the_o spirit_n of_o man_n yet_o the_o part_n of_o the_o soul_n concern_v understanding_n and_o will_n have_v their_o proper_a relation_n for_o that_o part_n call_v understanding_n be_v seat_v chief_o in_o the_o soul_n as_o will_n be_v in_o the_o spirit_n both_o to_o be_v accompany_v with_o knowledge_n the_o philosopher_n have_v make_v this_o distinction_n by_o their_o chemical_a observation_n and_o such_o as_o place_v the_o soul_n in_o the_o blood_n disperse_v through_o all_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o body_n do_v also_o place_v the_o will_n of_o man_n in_o the_o spirit_n reside_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n which_o the_o anatomist_n demonstrate_v to_o be_v a_o little_a concavitie_n where_o the_o drop_n of_o the_o vital_a blood_n be_v place_v in_o the_o heart_n which_o be_v fear_v up_o and_o the_o place_n be_v shrink_v in_o body_n which_o have_v be_v poison_v to_o make_v application_n of_o this_o comparison_n between_o the_o soul_n and_o spirit_n comparison_n application_n of_o the_o comparison_n we_o shall_v find_v by_o the_o follow_a discourse_n that_o even_o as_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n be_v predominant_a over_o the_o soul_n and_o body_n in_o all_o the_o action_n thereof_o which_o by_o the_o blood_n be_v quicken_v and_o preserve_v even_o so_o be_v the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n overrule_a the_o course_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n in_o all_o place_n where_o the_o action_n of_o money_n be_v feel_v or_o see_v direct_v the_o same_o by_o some_o due_a proportion_n according_o chap._n i._o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o exchange_n for_o money_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n for_o as_o we_o have_v declare_v the_o first_o silver_n money_n coin_a by_o the_o roman_n be_v almost_o 1900_o year_n since_o and_o even_o as_o money_n be_v invent_v to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o best_a metal_n to_o avoid_v the_o troublesome_a carriage_n of_o commodity_n up_o and_o down_o and_o from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o so_o upon_o the_o like_a consideration_n when_o other_o nation_n imitate_v the_o roman_n do_v coin_n money_n exchange_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o exchange_n exchange_n by_o bill_n for_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o avoid_v both_o the_o danger_n and_o adventure_n of_o money_n and_o the_o troublesome_a carriage_n thereof_o this_o money_n now_o be_v make_v by_o diverse_a nation_n of_o several_a standard_n and_o diverse_a stamp_n and_o inscription_n as_o a_o mark_n of_o sovereignty_n cause_v they_o to_o appoint_v a_o certain_a exchange_n for_o the_o permutation_n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o coin_n in_o diverse_a country_n without_o any_o transportation_n of_o the_o coin_n but_o give_v par_n pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n with_o a_o certain_a allowance_n to_o accommodate_v the_o merchant_n and_o the_o officer_n to_o execute_v the_o same_o be_v call_v numularij_fw-la argentarij_fw-la and_o collybistae_n that_o be_v to_o say_v numularij_fw-la of_o nummus_fw-la or_o the_o coin_n itself_o argentarij_fw-la because_o the_o silver_n coin_n be_v most_o usual_a in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o collybistae_n because_o it_o signify_v a_o reward_n for_o exchange_v here_o now_o let_v we_o observe_v four_o manner_n of_o exchange_n which_o have_v be_v use_v and_o in_o some_o country_n be_v yet_o continue_v albeit_o some_o of_o they_o be_v abrogate_a in_o england_n common_o call_v cambio_n commune_v cambio_n real_a cambio_n sicco_fw-it and_o cambio_n fictitio_fw-la which_o denomination_n may_v be_v admit_v the_o first_o manner_n of_o exchange_n call_v cambio_n commune_v commune_fw-la i_o cambio_n commune_fw-la be_v proper_o that_o exchange_n which_o the_o say_v collibistae_fw-la or_o common_a exchanger_n do_v use_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o prince_n and_o commonweal_n for_o the_o lawful_a and_o current_a money_n of_o their_o kingdom_n and_o territory_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o expedient_a and_o necessary_a and_o be_v establish_v to_o prevent_v the_o exportation_n of_o money_n from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o country_n and_o these_o exchanger_n do_v deliver_v in_o all_o country_n the_o money_n in_o one_o specie_fw-la for_o the_o money_n in_o other_o species_n by_o they_o receive_v as_o aforesaid_a exchange_n table_n of_o exchange_n whereupon_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n cause_v certain_a table_n to_o be_v set_v up_o at_o dover_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o realm_n declare_v the_o value_n of_o the_o say_v sundry_a species_n of_o coin_n of_o all_o country_n traffic_v with_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o allowance_n which_o merchant_n be_v to_o give_v to_o have_v their_o turn_n serve_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o good_a law_n make_v in_o his_o time_n when_o there_o be_v money_n coin_a in_o diverse_a place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o not_o in_o one_o mint_n only_o within_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o this_o be_v long_o before_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west-indies_n from_o whence_o the_o ocean_n of_o money_n do_v run_v into_o christendom_n and_o for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o say_a table_n all_o be_v at_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o king_n mint_n at_o london_n and_o with_o a_o correspondence_n of_o other_o mint_n namely_o at_o canturburie_n at_o kingston_n upon_o hull_n newcastle_n upon_o tine_n bristol_n and_o exeter_n and_o the_o exchanger_n for_o the_o king_n at_o london_n do_v also_o depute_v exchanger_n in_o the_o most_o place_n except_o that_o certain_a merchant_n of_o florence_n call_v friscobaldi_n be_v the_o king_n exchanger_n at_o kingston_n exchanger_n friscobaldi_n the_o exchanger_n newcastle_n and_o exeter_n who_o make_v the_o say_v exchange_n of_o value_n for_o value_n with_o a_o reasonable_a allowance_n and_o by_o their_o mean_n be_v all_o the_o say_a mint_n set_v on_o work_n and_o the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n be_v prevent_v for_o as_o bishop_n tursids_n book_n of_o arithmetic_n declare_v by_o give_v par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n there_o be_v no_o gain_n leave_v to_o the_o transporter_n the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v constitute_v these_o exchanger_n exchanger_n king_n exchanger_n even_o as_o the_o cambiadore_v and_o banker_n be_v use_v in_o other_o country_n be_v authorise_v by_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n of_o the_o say_a country_n especial_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o of_o england_n who_o have_v two_o exchanger_n the_o one_o call_v custos_fw-la cambij_fw-la infra_fw-la turrim_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n in_o buy_v of_o bullion_n and_o to_o look_v to_o the_o coinage_n of_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n now_o call_v the_o warden_n of_o the_o mint_n the_o other_o be_v call_v keeper_n of_o the_o exchange_n and_o rechange_v within_o or_o towards_o this_o realm_n for_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o specie_fw-la by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o afterward_o the_o say_a exchange_n be_v make_v without_o name_v the_o species_n but_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o several_a coin_n real_a 2_o cambio_z real_a and_o this_o be_v call_v cambium_n regis_fw-la or_o royal_a exchange_n which_o cause_v queen_n elizabeth_n to_o name_v the_o burse_n in_o london_n according_o this_o office_n appear_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o eleven_o year_n of_o the_o say_a king_n edw._n by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v at_o acton_n burnel_n since_o which_o time_n the_o succeed_a king_n and_o queen_n have_v continue_v the_o same_o by_o sixteen_o several_a letter_n patent_n and_o whereas_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o say_v two_o exchanger_n can_v not_o execute_v their_o office_n convenient_o be_v asunder_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o in_o henry_n the_o six_o his_o time_n a_o law_n be_v make_v by_o which_o both_o office_n be_v put_v into_o one_o man_n hand_n and_o so_o continue_v many_o year_n until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o discontinue_v exchange_n discontinue_v when_o he_o cause_v base_a money_n to_o be_v make_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o boulogne_n whereupon_o no_o certain_a exchange_n can_v be_v ground_v albeit_o that_o before_o that_o time_n in_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o a_o old_a statute_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o graston_n the_o chronicle_n of_o graston_n that_o no_o person_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o the_o say_a meaning_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n upon_o pain_n to_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o king_n mortal_a enemy_n and_o to_o forfeit_v all_o that_o he_o may_v forfeit_v for_o in_o his_o noble_a father_n time_n king_n henry_n the_o seven_o the_o banker_n have_v invent_v a_o course_n of_o
purpose_n as_o by_o the_o grant_n appear_v this_o licence_n they_o in_o short_a time_n pervert_v to_o the_o great_a disturbance_n of_o the_o ancient_a course_n of_o the_o staple_n whereby_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o realm_n great_o decline_v and_o the_o king_n custom_n decrease_v so_o that_o from_o 160_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a pay_v out_o of_o the_o staple_n the_o custom_n come_v short_a of_o 120_o thousand_o pound_n becket_n the_o fraternity_n of_o saint_n thomas_n of_o becket_n these_o new_a merchant_n term_v themselves_o the_o fraternity_n of_o saint_n thomas_n of_o becket_n be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o by_o direction_n under_o the_o great_a scale_n of_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o prohibit_v from_o do_v any_o act_n that_o may_v prejudice_n the_o staple_n and_o so_o it_o continue_v until_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o and_o then_o there_o be_v another_o great_a complaint_n in_o parliament_n against_o the_o say_a fraternity_n for_o decay_v of_o trade_n and_o a_o very_a strict_a law_n make_v against_o they_o with_o especial_a order_n that_o they_o shall_v admit_v any_o of_o the_o king_n liege_n people_n into_o their_o society_n pay_v unto_o they_o ten_o mark_n which_o under_o pretence_n of_o some_o privilege_n have_v be_v interrupt_v and_o especial_o by_o his_o majesty_n proclamation_n in_o the_o fifteen_o year_n of_o his_o highness_n happy_a reign_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o controversy_n for_o the_o dress_n and_o die_v of_o cloth_n nevertheless_o in_o all_o their_o grant_n exception_n be_v make_v that_o the_o stapler_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudice_v which_o in_o the_o wisdom_n of_o a_o parliament_n will_v be_v find_v most_o necessary_a to_o be_v unite_v again_o to_o make_v a_o free_a trade_n under_o government_n 8_o the_o exportation_n of_o the_o material_n for_o cloth_n as_o wool_n fuller_n earth_n woolfell_n and_o woodash_n be_v prohibit_v late_o by_o his_o majesty_n proclamation_n with_o good_a order_n for_o the_o execution_n thereof_o according_a as_o heretofore_o be_v do_v by_o the_o corrector_n of_o the_o staple_n for_o other_o commodity_n 9_o touch_v the_o war_n of_o christendom_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o have_v also_o great_a war_n in_o his_o time_n with_o france_n and_o in_o ireland_n and_o nevertheless_o he_o do_v receive_v a_o very_a great_a assistance_n by_o subsidy_n of_o fifty_o shilling_n upon_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n export_v for_o and_o during_o the_o time_n of_o six_o year_n which_o amount_v to_o 1500_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n when_o one_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v value_v but_o at_o twenty_o penny_n which_o will_v now_o amount_v to_o four_o million_o and_o a_o half_a 10_o and_o last_o the_o immoderate_a use_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v by_o the_o mayor_n and_o constable_n of_o the_o staple_n have_v in_o consideration_n for_o they_o have_v always_o a_o especial_a care_n to_o the_o enrich_n of_o the_o kingdom_n because_o the_o provident_a care_n of_o the_o king_n do_v put_v they_o in_o mind_n thereof_o insomuch_o that_o when_o the_o say_a king_n become_v forgetful_a therein_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o war_n and_o that_o the_o kingdom_n want_v chaffer_v ware_n and_o necessary_a provision_n the_o parliament_n do_v absolute_o deny_v to_o give_v he_o any_o subsidy_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o chronicle_n of_o grafton_n in_o the_o one_o and_o fifty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n so_o that_o by_o the_o premise_n thing_n have_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n consider_v of_o when_o least_o disorder_n in_o trade_n appear_v a_o conclusion_n to_o the_o judicious_a reader_n the_o trivial_a vice_n of_o envy_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o wickedness_n and_o account_v to_o sit_v in_o a_o imaginary_a theatre_n her_o palace_n be_v a_o dim_a and_o hollow_a vault_n wherein_o she_o wax_v pale_a and_o wan_a as_o have_v the_o consumption_n of_o the_o liver_n look_v a_o squint_a as_o bear_v under_o saturn_n never_o rest_v as_o though_o she_o be_v a_o arm_n of_o ixâ—ns_n wheel_n engender_v and_o hatch_v by_o the_o ugly_a megara_n of_o hell_n that_o feed_v and_o cram_v her_o gorge_n with_o dragon_n and_o foam_v out_o again_o deadly_a poison_n this_o unce_n have_v send_v forth_o triple_a head_a cerberus_n under_o the_o shadow_n of_o zoilus_n momus_n and_o mastix_fw-la satyy_n three_o envious_a satyy_n to_o perform_v her_o intend_a tragedy_n but_o zoylus_n remember_v that_o his_o rail_a commentary_n present_v by_o he_o to_o ptolemy_n king_n of_o egypt_n and_o his_o presumption_n to_o be_v better_o learn_v than_o homer_n do_v work_v his_o overthrow_n go_v by_o with_o silence_n and_o shake_v his_o head_n seem_v to_o be_v discontent_v and_o under_o hand_n he_o do_v instigate_v momus_n and_o mastix_fw-la to_o follow_v their_o envious_a humour_n whereupon_o momus_n with_o his_o carp_a eye_n dim_v with_o passion_n have_v cursory_o read_v over_o this_o book_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o be_v a_o great_a politician_n or_o statist_n and_o find_v fault_n that_o many_o thing_n therein_o contain_v which_o he_o term_v mystery_n shall_v be_v publish_v and_o make_v know_v especial_o such_o as_o may_v concern_v prince_n in_o their_o revenue_n or_o secret_n of_o their_o mint_n unto_o he_o therefore_o i_o frame_v this_o answer_n confess_v and_o avoid_v that_o true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o ancient_a monarchy_n empire_n and_o commonweal_n hold_v the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o revenue_n in_o such_o reverence_n and_o secret_a that_o none_o but_o the_o officer_n which_o have_v the_o manage_n thereof_o be_v make_v privy_a of_o they_o as_o be_v sacred_a thing_n not_o fit_v that_o the_o people_n shall_v take_v notice_n thereof_o which_o be_v true_o observe_v in_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o commonweal_n of_o the_o grecian_n but_o as_o time_n produce_v variety_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n do_v change_v breed_v corruption_n of_o law_n and_o custom_n so_o be_v it_o find_v that_o by_o this_o secrecy_n officer_n be_v both_o embolden_v and_o enable_v to_o deceive_v the_o prince_n thereby_o and_o the_o people_n will_v pretend_v ignorance_n to_o giâ—e_v unto_o they_o their_o due_n whereupon_o the_o senator_n of_o rome_n by_o mature_a deliberation_n do_v ordain_v that_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o revenue_n of_o their_o treasure_n and_o the_o dependence_n thereupon_o shall_v be_v publish_v and_o make_v know_v not_o only_o unto_o the_o people_n but_o unto_o stranger_n also_o which_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n cause_v to_o beobserue_v and_o other_o emperor_n succeed_v he_o as_o appeareth_z by_o the_o code_n and_o other_o book_n which_o the_o french_a king_n have_v imitate_v ever_o since_o willing_a and_o command_v that_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v know_v of_o every_o one_o yea_o even_o of_o the_o mere_a stranger_n of_o other_o country_n so_o that_o this_o objection_n be_v of_o small_a moment_n especial_o this_o book_n be_v moderate_a in_o the_o handle_n thereof_o now_o mastix_fw-la ride_v a_o false_a gallop_n on_o a_o hackney_n horse_n be_v full_o freight_v of_o conceit_n come_v to_o town_n and_o make_v two_o exception_n to_o the_o method_n and_o content_n of_o the_o book_n first_o he_o will_v not_o allow_v the_o term_n of_o art_n by_o divide_v of_o the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n next_o he_o will_v not_o have_v merchant_n secret_n lay_v open_a or_o their_o trade_n divulge_v to_o the_o first_o concern_v the_o be_v essence_n or_o existence_n of_o thing_n he_o will_v make_v no_o difference_n between_o natural_a thing_n and_o thing_n artificial_a and_o so_o there_o be_v but_o two_o essential_a part_n of_o materia_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la albeit_o that_o some_o philosopher_n have_v establish_v three_o beginning_n of_o natural_a thing_n matter_n form_n and_o deprivation_n the_o matter_n have_v no_o other_o office_n or_o function_n but_o the_o change_n from_o one_o form_n into_o another_o 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or_o to_o grudge_v at_o another_o great_a prosperity_n for_o without_o doubt_n nature_n have_v by_o her_o secret_a motion_n deny_v none_o some_o perfect_a quality_n to_o supply_v that_o want_n which_o in_o himself_o breed_v discontent_a or_o mislike_n for_o even_o as_o the_o fish_n have_v no_o ear_n have_v a_o most_o clear_a sight_n so_o though_o want_n of_o dignity_n be_v a_o disgrace_n to_o some_o though_o want_v of_o coin_n discontent_n diverse_a and_o though_o lack_v of_o wealth_n impair_v the_o credit_n of_o many_o yet_o nature_n have_v supply_v that_o outward_a ornament_n with_o such_o a_o internal_a reward_n as_o a_o loyal_a and_o love_a heart_n notwithstanding_o many_o hard_a measure_n will_v with_o constancy_n spend_v all_o his_o time_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v thereunto_o employ_v this_o work_n thus_o at_o length_n happy_o conclude_v and_o commend_v to_o the_o kind_a acceptation_n of_o all_o gentle_a and_o well_o dispose_v mind_n be_v not_o compile_v to_o please_v the_o vain_a appetite_n of_o some_o man_n according_a to_o their_o nice_a opinion_n but_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o judicial_a and_o affable_a judgement_n of_o this_o age_n to_o who_o i_o shall_v during_o the_o remainder_n of_o my_o day_n always_o be_v ready_a to_o supply_v any_o thing_n which_o in_o the_o next_o impression_n may_v be_v desire_v not_o doubt_v but_o they_o will_v measure_v it_o by_o the_o just_a desert_n and_o censure_v thereof_o as_o their_o own_o kind_a nature_n have_v ever_o be_v accustom_v soli_fw-la deo_fw-la gloria_fw-la finis_fw-la
month_n in_o the_o year_n every_o todd_n contain_v four_o nail_n and_o every_o nail_n be_v 7_o will_v for_o the_o seven_o day_n of_o the_o week_n this_o sack_n of_o wool_n be_v account_v to_o make_v 4_o standard_n clothes_n of_o clean_a wool_n call_v sorting-clothe_n weigh_v 60_o will_v the_o cloth_n and_o be_v 24_o yard_n long_o of_o 6_o ½_n quarter_n broad_a or_o thereabouts_o within_o the_o remedy_n or_o allowance_n of_o 2_o will_v weight_n upon_o a_o cloth_n in_o the_o weight_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o clothes_n be_v well_o scour_v thicked_a mill_v and_o full_o dry_v in_o the_o measure_n likewise_o that_o the_o same_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o yard_n and_o inch_n within_o the_o list_n concern_v the_o breadth_n according_a to_o the_o say_a statute_n make_v of_o all_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o clothes_n make_v in_o diverse_a shire_n viz._n broad_n weight_n and_o measure_n kent_n yor._n &_o read_v clothes_n of_o 6_o ½_n quarter_n 86_o will_v 30_o &_o 34_o yard_n suffolk_n norfolk_n and_o essex_n of_o 7_o quar_fw-la 80_o will_v 29_o &_o 32_o yard_n worce_v covent_n and_o heref._n of_o 6_o ½_n quar_fw-la 78_o will_v 30_o &_o 33_o yard_n wilts_n glocest._n oxon._n somers_n of_o 7_o quar_fw-la 76_o will_v 29_o &_o 32_o yard_n suffolk_n sort_v clothes_n broad_a 6_o ½_n quar_fw-la 64_o will_v 23_o &_o 26_o yard_n all_o sort_v clothes_n of_o diverse_a shire_n 6_o ½_n q._n 60_o will_v 24_o &_o 26_o yard_n b._n cloth_n tauntons_n bridgewaters_n and_o dunstars_n of_o 7_o quar_fw-la 30_o will_v 12_o &_o 13_o yard_n broad_o &_o narrow_a of_o yorkshire_n of_o 4_o quar_fw-la 30_o will_v 24_o 25_o yard_n devon_n kersey_n and_o dozen_o of_o 4_o quar_fw-la 13_o will_v 12_o 13_o yard_n check_n kersey_n straight_o &_o plain_o gray'_v 4_o q._n 24_o will_v 17_o 18_o yard_n ordinary_a penistone_n or_o forest_n 5_o ½_n quar_fw-la 28_o will_v 12_o 13_o yard_n sort_v penistones_n of_o 6_o ½_n quar_fw-la 35_o will_v 13_o 14_o yard_n washer_n of_o lankyshire_n and_o 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measure_n because_o the_o weight_n contain_v substance_n which_o be_v abuse_v by_o stretch_v it_o in_o measure_n that_o according_a to_o the_o standard_n of_o clothes_n there_o must_v be_v allow_v or_o account_v two_o pound_n and_o one_o half_a of_o wool_n to_o make_v one_o yard_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a clothes_n that_o the_o statute_n of_o clothmaking_a have_v have_v a_o consideration_n to_o make_v a_o allowance_n or_o abatement_n for_o draped_a dress_v row_v and_o shear_v clothes_n which_o be_v five_o will_v in_o a_o long-cloth_n and_o four_o will_v in_o a_o broadcloth_n beside_o the_o remedy_n of_o two_o will_v according_a to_o this_o rule_n his_o majesty_n custom_n for_o cloth_n and_o carseye_n etc._n etc._n aught_o to_o be_v pay_v equalize_v the_o say_a custom_n of_o cloth_n with_o the_o custom_n of_o wool_n according_a to_o forty_o shilling_n the_o sack_n pay_v in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n mary_n which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o weight_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o measure_n as_o heretofore_o have_v be_v partly_o do_v and_o the_o weight_n will_v cause_v clothes_n to_o be_v better_o make_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n whereunto_o the_o reformation_n must_v be_v reduce_v which_o will_v be_v beneficial_a benefit_n which_o will_v arise_v by_o the_o true_a make_n of_o clothes_n in_o england_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n reign_n of_o great_a britain_n the_o cloth_n of_o the_o realm_n shall_v recover_v his_o former_a estimation_n which_o every_o merchant_n weigh_v his_o clothes_n will_v cause_v to_o be_v observe_v according_a to_o the_o say_a rule_n and_o proportion_n between_o weight_n and_o measure_n whereby_o the_o stretch_n and_o falsify_v of_o cloth_n will_v be_v control_v and_o prevent_v especial_o if_o this_o demonstration_n here_o set_v down_o shall_v direct_v the_o buyer_n of_o clothes_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v make_v for_o carseye_n and_o all_o other_o woollen_a commodity_n according_a to_o the_o say_a statute_n the_o cloth_n be_v true_o make_v will_v be_v more_o vendible_a beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o many_o complaint_n be_v daily_o make_v of_o the_o false_a make_v thereof_o which_o the_o clothier_n can_v but_o know_v upon_o so_o many_o certificate_n for_o tare_n as_o be_v abate_v of_o they_o to_o their_o loss_n every_o merchant_n look_v more_o to_o buy_v good_a cheap_a than_o to_o buy_v good_a cloth_n feed_v false_a make_v by_o it_o which_o come_v to_o pass_v more_o by_o ignorance_n than_o otherwise_o the_o clothier_n find_v the_o merchant_n by_o these_o mean_v able_a to_o control_v he_o will_v endeavour_n to_o make_v true_a cloth_n and_o the_o officer_n to_o survey_v it_o will_v be_v more_o careful_a and_o not_o send_v the_o clothier_n their_o lead_n and_o stamp_n and_o so_o they_o be_v pay_v never_o look_v to_o take_v pain_n to_o view_v the_o cloth_n hereby_o traffic_n will_v increase_v for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o realm_n and_o his_o majesty_n custom_n will_v be_v due_o pay_v according_a to_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o all_o will_v tend_v to_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o king_n in_o all_o equity_n and_o justice_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o all_o well_o govern_v commonweal_n other_o weight_n and_o measure_n control_v each_o other_o we_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o content_n of_o this_o discourse_n how_o weight_n and_o measure_n do_v control_v each_o other_o compare_v your_o measure_n of_o corn_n with_o the_o weight_n as_o before_o be_v declare_v your_o length_n of_o clothes_n with_o the_o weight_n as_o aforesaid_a nay_o your_o wet_a measure_n with_o your_o dry_a measure_n of_o all_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o experience_n by_o observation_n will_v teach_v you_o to_o distinguish_v truth_n from_o falsehood_n and_o how_o to_o know_v the_o goodness_n of_o thing_n if_o spice_n become_v light_a than_o the_o weight_n will_v show_v it_o because_o the_o substance_n be_v dry_v up_o which_o to_o prevent_v be_v wisdom_n and_o no_o deceit_n for_o as_o the_o element_n of_o air_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o putrefaction_n so_o the_o exclude_v of_o the_o same_o in_o many_o thing_n be_v a_o preservation_n and_o so_o be_v likewise_o the_o prevent_n of_o dryness_n but_o to_o end_v this_o trial_n of_o measure_n and_o weight_n let_v we_o observe_v the_o italian_n by_o weigh_v and_o measure_v of_o their_o silk_n ware_n a_o yard_n of_o satin_n weigh_v four_o ounce_n be_v true_o make_v and_o if_o it_o be_v above_o they_o take_v the_o same_o to_o be_v overgum_v and_o not_o true_o make_v and_o so_o if_o iâ—_n weigh_v less_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n all_o the_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n between_o nation_n and_o nation_n or_o man_n and_o man_n be_v perform_v under_o three_o simple_n which_o be_v proper_o the_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o 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matter_n little_a sensible_a here_o may_v microcosmos_n the_o little_a world_n man_n behold_v how_o little_a the_o great_a world_n be_v which_o be_v make_v for_o he_o as_o a_o tabernacle_n where_o he_o have_v no_o abide_v place_n but_o travel_v as_o a_o pilgrim_n towards_o the_o celestial_a habitation_n with_o a_o thankful_a mind_n and_o remembrance_n of_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n who_o have_v be_v mindful_a of_o the_o son_n of_o man_n and_o make_v he_o low_a than_o the_o angel_n to_o crown_v he_o with_o glory_n and_o worship_n psal._n 8._o thus_o much_o i_o think_v to_o demonstrate_v unto_o christian_a merchant_n touch_v the_o world_n before_o we_o entreat_v of_o the_o commodity_n whereby_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v by_o they_o and_o other_o nation_n maintain_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a verse_n currit_fw-la mercator_fw-la ad_fw-la indos_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o all_o country_n whereby_o commerce_n be_v mainetain_v genera_fw-la corporum_fw-la tria_fw-la sunt_fw-la genera_fw-la albeit_o that_o the_o aforesaid_a doctor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v declare_v that_o there_o be_v but_o three_o kind_n of_o body_n of_o thing_n namely_o 1_o quod_fw-la continetur_fw-la uno_fw-la spiritu_fw-la ut_fw-la homo_fw-la lapis_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v contain_v of_o one_o spirit_n as_o man_n and_o a_o stone_n or_o such_o like_a 2_o quod_fw-la ex_fw-la pluribus_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la coherentibus_fw-la constat_fw-la ut_fw-la edificium_fw-la navis_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o consist_v of_o many_o thing_n join_v together_o as_o a_o building_n a_o ship_n etc._n etc._n 3_o quod_fw-la ex_fw-la distantibus_fw-la constat_fw-la ut_fw-la corpora_fw-la uno_fw-la nomine_fw-la subiecta_fw-la veluti_fw-la populus_fw-la legio_fw-la grex_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o consist_v of_o distant_a thing_n as_o many_o body_n under_o one_o name_n a_o people_n a_o legion_n a_o flock_n and_o the_o like_a yet_o this_o definition_n be_v not_o complete_a concern_v the_o body_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n consist_v of_o body_n soul_n and_o spirit_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_v of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o aforesaid_a which_o be_v to_o be_v describe_v in_o order_n and_o because_o commodity_n like_v unto_o the_o body_n uphold_v the_o world_n at_o the_o first_o by_o way_n of_o commutation_n and_o barter_n of_o they_o according_a to_o necessity_n and_o usefulness_n therefore_o may_v it_o be_v think_v convenient_a to_o set_v down_o in_o this_o place_n the_o particular_a commodity_n of_o all_o country_n and_o of_o some_o of_o they_o their_o value_n and_o estimation_n by_o mean_n whereof_o traffic_n and_o trade_n be_v establish_v and_o maintain_v that_o thereupon_o we_o may_v proceed_v according_o very_o in_o the_o estate_n of_o innocency_n all_o thing_n be_v common_a but_o alas_o this_o community_n of_o thing_n endure_v but_o a_o while_n and_o now_o by_o reason_n of_o our_o natural_a corruption_n and_o proneness_n to_o wrong_v one_o another_o there_o be_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o propriety_n and_o several_a possession_n which_o be_v consonant_n to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n as_o well_o as_o found_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o man_n and_o consent_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v the_o voice_n of_o secondary_a nature_n this_o be_v my_o house_n this_o be_v my_o town_n and_o this_o be_v my_o servant_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o meum_fw-la &_o tuum_fw-la be_v distinguish_v the_o revocation_n of_o this_o communion_n of_o thing_n be_v the_o nerve_n and_o bond_n of_o humane_a society_n and_o the_o mother_n of_o labour_n and_o diligence_n who_o will_v till_o the_o ground_n if_o he_o hope_v not_o to_o taste_v of_o the_o crop_n of_o it_o sure_o all_o will_v be_v waste_n and_o desolate_a if_o man_n be_v to_o plant_v and_o build_v for_o every_o body_n that_o be_v nobody_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o strong_a will_v deprive_v other_o of_o the_o use_n of_o thing_n unless_o the_o law_n do_v interpose_v her_o authority_n which_o be_v two_o fold_n namely_o paterna_fw-la &_o politica_fw-la effect_v by_o the_o father_n of_o family_n and_o magistrate_n and_o herein_o be_v no_o other_o equality_n to_o be_v find_v concern_v thing_n but_o a_o mutual_a voluntary_a estimation_n of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o use_n and_o behoof_n of_o the_o say_a thing_n and_o the_o proverb_n be_v true_a that_o good_n hold_v in_o common_a be_v as_o it_o be_v no_o body_n good_n and_o not_o manure_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v whereupon_o plato_n in_o his_o second_o commonwealth_n upon_o better_a consideration_n do_v revoke_v his_o former_a opinion_n of_o the_o community_n of_o good_n and_o use_v to_o say_v that_o no_o man_n be_v a_o gainer_n but_o another_o become_v a_o loose_a which_o have_v a_o over_o great_a regard_n to_o the_o property_n of_o good_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o property_n of_o good_n all_o traffic_n will_v cease_v nevertheless_o the_o equality_n and_o equity_n in_o the_o course_n of_o commerce_n must_v be_v observe_v to_o avoid_v the_o overballance_a of_o commodity_n as_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n be_v mention_v which_o require_v a_o three_o consideration_n of_o a_o other_o kind_n of_o equality_n for_o as_o we_o have_v note_v with_o aristotle_n riches_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a the_o natural_a riches_n as_o land_n vine_n forest_n meadow_n and_o the_o like_a the_o artificial_a as_o money_n gold_n silver_n cloth_n and_o all_o other_o manufacture_n and_o household_n stuffe_n now_o as_o this_o artificial_a riches_n be_v proceed_v of_o the_o natural_a riches_n and_o that_o both_o these_o do_v receive_v their_o price_n and_o estimation_n by_o money_n so_o reason_n require_v a_o certain_a equality_n between_o they_o which_o we_o find_v to_o be_v defective_a which_o be_v concern_v the_o price_n of_o land_n to_o prove_v our_o assertion_n we_o can_v hardly_o make_v this_o inequality_n appear_v albeit_o we_o do_v find_v the_o want_n of_o the_o treasure_n transport_v from_o we_o into_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n for_o it_o befall_v unto_o we_o concern_v money_n and_o wealth_n as_o it_o do_v to_o a_o general_n of_o a_o camp_n of_o ten_o thousand_o suppose_v arm_v man_n whereof_o muster_n be_v take_v at_o several_a time_n and_o upon_o several_a day_n all_o of_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v arm_v because_o they_o lend_v their_o armour_n to_o each_o other_o whereas_o if_o they_o be_v all_o muster_v in_o a_o day_n and_o at_o one_o instant_a a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o will_v be_v find_v to_o want_v armour_n so_o the_o like_a want_n of_o money_n and_o wealth_n will_v be_v find_v if_o rich_a man_n be_v examine_v for_o their_o personal_a estate_n upon_o any_o urgent_a occasion_n and_o now_o let_v we_o examine_v the_o commodity_n of_o all_o country_n begin_v from_o the_o east_n and_o end_n in_o the_o west_n of_o the_o goodness_n and_o value_n of_o east_n india_n commodity_n the_o merchant_n trade_n for_o the_o east_n indies_n take_v beginning_n in_o england_n in_o the_o year_n 1600_o at_o which_o time_n spice_n and_o all_o other_o commodity_n be_v buy_v for_o the_o price_n hereafter_o declare_v translate_v out_o of_o the_o portugal_n tongue_n with_o my_o addition_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o goodness_n of_o those_o commodity_n clove_n clove_n clove_n grow_v in_o the_o land_n of_o molucco_n be_v clean_o of_o stalk_n by_o the_o portugal_n call_v fusty_n fuss_n fuss_n be_v sell_v for_o fifty_o pardaos_n the_o kintal_n or_o the_o 100_o weight_n of_o 112_o will_v correspondent_a with_o our_o london_n quintal_n or_o hundred_o account_v the_o pardao_n or_o ducatt_n at_o 5_o ss_z be_v about_o 27_o penny_n the_o pound_n there_o be_v another_o lean_a and_o dry_a sort_n of_o clove_n call_v cravo_n di_fw-it bastao_n which_o be_v sell_v for_o 25_o ducat_n which_o the_o portugall_n do_v mingle_v many_o time_n the_o difference_n be_v half_a in_o half_n in_o price_n and_o the_o pound_n at_o 13_o ½_n penny_n mace_n mace_n mace_n be_v of_o a_o fair_a colour_n and_o large_a which_o grow_v upon_o the_o nutmeg_n and_o be_v have_v also_o in_o the_o island_n of_o bantan_n be_v sell_v for_o 74_o ducat_n the_o hundred_o which_o be_v 40_o penny_n starling_n the_o pound_n nuttmeg_n nuttmeg_n nutmeg_n in_o the_o say_a place_n be_v sell_v for_o 15_o ducat_n be_v 75_o ss_z the_o hundred_o and_o the_o pound_n weight_n eight_o penny_n starling_n ginger_n ginger_n ginger_n be_v dry_a from_o calicout_n call_v belledin_n or_o ash_n colour_n ginger_n at_o 9_o ducat_n the_o hundred_o be_v 45_o ss_z and_o the_o pound_n at_o 5_o penny_n or_o thereabouts_o there_o be_v a_o inferior_a sort_n call_v mechino_n of_o six_o ducat_n the_o quintall_n ginger_n in_o conserve_v at_o 13_o ½_n ducat_n be_v about_o 7_o ½_n penny_n the_o pound_n cinnamon_n cinnamon_n cinnamon_n of_o zeilan_n grow_v in_o that_o island_n be_v sell_v at_o thirty_o
it_o be_v whereby_o other_o nation_n have_v still_o a_o advantage_n chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o bill_n obligatorie_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o england_n such_o be_v the_o sincerity_n and_o candour_n animi_fw-la among_o merchant_n of_o all_o nation_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o observation_n of_o plain_a deal_v concern_v the_o say_a billâ—_n obligatorie_n between_o man_n and_o man_n that_o no_o man_n dare_v presume_v to_o question_v his_o own_o hand_n for_o if_o he_o be_v stain_v therewith_o he_o be_v not_o only_o utter_o discredit_v but_o also_o detest_v of_o all_o merchant_n the_o form_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v as_o follow_v only_o mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la form_n of_o bill_n obligatorie_n i_o a._n b._n merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n do_v acknowledge_v by_o these_o present_n to_o be_v true_o indebt_v to_o the_o honest_a c._n d._n english_a merchant_n dwell_v at_o middleborough_n in_o the_o sum_n of_o five_o hundred_o pound_n currant_n money_n for_o merchandise_n which_o be_v for_o commodity_n receive_v of_o he_o to_o my_o contentment_n which_o sum_n of_o five_o hundred_o pound_n as_o aforesaid_a i_o do_v promise_n to_o pay_v unto_o the_o say_a c.d._n or_o the_o bringer_n hereof_o within_o six_o month_n next_o after_o the_o date_n of_o these_o present_n in_o witness_n whereof_o i_o have_v subscribe_v the_o same_o at_o amsterdam_n the_o 10_o of_o julie_n 1622_o stilo_fw-it novo_fw-la a.b._n in_o the_o east_n country_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o low-countries_n they_o will_v put_v a_o seal_n to_o it_o and_o then_o the_o word_n subscribe_v and_o seal_v go_v together_o but_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o delivery_n or_o deed_n for_o that_o be_v understand_v of_o course_n in_o so_o much_o that_o if_o for_o want_v of_o payment_n the_o bill_n be_v put_v in_o suit_n and_o the_o party_n adiourn_v or_o cite_v to_o make_v his_o appearance_n the_o judge_n make_v no_o doubt_n of_o any_o such_o matter_n will_v instant_o say_v to_o he_o my_o friend_n what_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o you_o have_v not_o pay_v this_o your_o bill_n to_o c._n d_o for_o to_o deliver_v a_o write_n or_o a_o bill_n as_o a_o civilians_n a_o call_v apocha_n or_o apodissa_n by_o the_o civilians_n escroll_n as_o we_o say_v at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v unknown_a unto_o all_o merchant_n there_o and_o the_o bringer_n of_o the_o bill_n call_v with_o we_o the_o bearer_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o recover_v the_o same_o without_o any_o letter_n of_o attorney_n or_o other_o warrant_n obligatoâ—ie_v especial_a note_n concering_n bill_n obligatoâ—ie_v the_o civilâ—_n law_n and_o the_o law_n merchant_n do_v require_v that_o the_o bill_n shall_v declare_v for_o what_o the_o debt_n grow_v either_o for_o merchandise_n or_o for_o money_n or_o any_o other_o lawful_a consideration_n the_o word_n currant_n money_n for_o merchandise_n be_v because_o that_o merchant_n for_o diverse_a respect_n tolerate_v common_o the_o money_n to_o go_v currant_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n than_o they_o be_v value_v by_o public_a authority_n of_o king_n and_o commonweal_n and_o when_o the_o bill_n mention_v money_n it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v money_n at_o deposito_fw-la or_o interest_n wherein_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o interest_n must_v be_v join_v with_o the_o principal_a sum_n without_o any_o specification_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v separate_v or_o distinguish_v because_o the_o debtor_n shall_v not_o pretend_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o at_o his_o best_a opportunity_n and_o pleasure_n as_o may_v thereupon_o be_v do_v for_o money_n let_v for_o loan_n retain_v still_o the_o principal_a in_o his_o hand_n and_o pay_v the_o interest_n from_o time_n to_o time_n quarterly_a or_o half_a yearly_a for_o it_o be_v lawful_a and_o accustom_a that_o although_o one_o hundred_v pound_n be_v take_v up_o for_o one_o whole_a year_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o the_o debtor_n or_o taker_n up_o of_o it_o may_v discharge_v the_o same_o at_o three_o month_n if_o he_o will_v pay_v one_o hundred_v and_o two_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n unless_o the_o bill_n make_v for_o the_o same_o be_v make_v paiable_a at_o a_o time_n limit_v with_o a_o penalty_n of_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n call_v by_o the_o civilians_n poena_n canonica_n which_o with_o we_o in_o england_n be_v do_v upon_o a_o bond_n with_o a_o forfeiture_n of_o half_a or_o double_a the_o sum_n of_o the_o principal_a wherewith_o the_o interest_n be_v also_o join_v without_o distinction_n which_o may_v not_o exceed_v the_o rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n in_o the_o computation_n whereof_o diverse_a thing_n be_v to_o observe_v as_o we_o shall_v declare_v hereafter_o now_o if_o a_o bill_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v do_v by_o two_o three_o or_o more_o person_n as_o have_v buy_v a_o commodity_n as_o partner_n together_o or_o take_v up_o money_n together_o at_o interest_n wherein_o they_o bound_v themselves_o all_o as_o principal_a party_n or_o debtor_n yet_o every_o man_n be_v but_o bind_v to_o pay_v his_o part_n obligatorie_n subscription_n of_o bill_n obligatorie_n the_o like_a be_v if_o one_o be_v bind_v and_o two_o or_o more_o do_v put_v their_o hand_n and_o seal_v and_o underwrite_a and_o seal_v the_o say_a bill_n as_o principal_n yet_o pay_v their_o proportionable_a part_n they_o shall_v be_v clear_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n but_o if_o they_o do_v simple_o subscribe_v and_o say_v we_o be_v surety_n than_o they_o be_v all_o bind_v for_o the_o whole_a as_o if_o the_o word_n we_o or_o either_o of_o we_o in_o solidum_fw-la be_v express_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o all_o notariall_a writing_n only_o use_v upon_o questionable_a matter_n decide_v or_o to_o be_v decide_v they_o do_v not_o only_o bind_v the_o party_n with_o these_o word_n but_o they_o do_v also_o make_v a_o declaration_n of_o all_o renuntiation_n of_o privilege_n be_v renunciation_n of_o privilege_n and_o what_o they_o be_v and_o especial_o of_o exceptio_fw-la divisionis_fw-la and_o then_o it_o be_v one_o for_o all_o exceptio_fw-la ordinis_fw-la &_o excus_fw-la sionis_fw-la be_v to_o meddle_v with_o the_o surety_n before_o the_o principal_a renounce_v the_o letter_n of_o adrian_n the_o emperor_n for_o the_o cession_n of_o good_n prolongation_n of_o payment_n vintage_n or_o free_a martes_fw-la all_o constitution_n canon_n privilege_n or_o statute_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v or_o to_o be_v make_v publish_v or_o enact_v and_o in_o these_o case_n the_o debtor_n be_v always_o to_o be_v bind_v with_o the_o surety_n in_o all_o act_n or_o instrument_n make_v before_o notary_n renounce_v also_o the_o benefit_n of_o senatus-consultus_a or_o arrest_v velle_fw-la joan_n for_o the_o prerogative_n of_o woman_n which_o upon_o the_o decease_n of_o their_o husband_n do_v claim_v their_o portion_n bring_v in_o by_o they_o in_o marriage_n or_o their_o dower_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o may_v be_v allege_v or_o imagine_v in_o england_n bill_n obligatorie_n be_v make_v payable_a to_o the_o party_n his_o heir_n executor_n administrator_n or_o assign_v may_v convenient_o be_v set_v over_o as_o aforesaid_a because_o the_o lawful_a assignee_n shall_v be_v of_o record_n and_o register_v also_o upon_o the_o bill_n and_o if_o there_o be_v two_o or_o more_o bind_v in_o a_o bill_n fraudulent_a deal_n will_v be_v also_o better_o prevent_v for_o by_o the_o common_a law_n rest_n acquittance_n to_o one_o discharge_v the_o rest_n if_o one_o do_v release_v one_o of_o his_o debtor_n by_o way_n of_o acquittance_n that_o be_v bind_v with_o other_o unto_o he_o they_o be_v all_o release_v and_o acquit_v thereby_o although_o there_o be_v never_o so_o little_o pay_v of_o the_o debt_n insomuch_o that_o a_o receipt_n for_o parcel_n of_o the_o money_n receive_v of_o one_o of_o the_o debtor_n be_v make_v in_o full_a payment_n of_o his_o part_n only_o do_v nevertheless_o discharge_v they_o all_o as_o for_o example_n by_o woeful_a experience_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v three_o linen_n draper_n of_o london_n buy_v of_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n 40_o piece_n of_o fine_a holland_n cloth_n amount_v to_o 160_o will_v and_o give_v their_o joint_a bill_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o it_o at_o six_o month_n one_o of_o they_o become_v insoluent_a and_o be_v imprison_v make_v a_o composition_n with_o the_o merchant_n for_o eight_o pound_n and_o thereupon_o have_v a_o general_a acquittance_n make_v to_o he_o only_o short_o after_o the_o other_o two_o linen_n draper_n be_v somewhat_o press_v for_o the_o payment_n and_o engage_v for_o the_o other_o they_o do_v plead_v the_o other_o man_n general_a acquittance_n which_o be_v but_o a_o receipt_n make_v of_o the_o say_v eight_o pound_n express_v that_o be_v be_v in_o full_a of_o his_o part_n and_o nevertheless_o upon_o
have_v be_v content_v since_o our_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n to_o tolerate_v a_o indifferent_a and_o promiscuous_a kind_n of_o liberty_n to_o all_o our_o friend_n whatsoever_o to_o fish_n upon_o our_o stream_n and_o upon_o any_o of_o our_o coast_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o other_o adjacent_a island_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o permission_n or_o use_n thereof_o may_v not_o redound_v to_o the_o impeachment_n of_o our_o prerogative_n royal_a nor_o to_o the_o hurt_n and_o damage_n of_o our_o love_a subject_n who_o preservation_n and_o flourish_a estate_n we_o hold_v ourselves_o principal_o bind_v to_o advance_v before_o all_o worldly_a respect_n so_o find_v that_o our_o conivence_n therein_o have_v not_o only_o give_v occasion_n of_o over_o great_a encroachment_n upon_o our_o regality_n or_o rather_o question_v of_o our_o right_n but_o have_v be_v a_o mean_n of_o much_o daily_a wrong_n to_o our_o own_o people_n that_o exercise_n the_o trade_n of_o fish_v as_o either_o by_o the_o multitude_n of_o stranger_n which_o do_v preoccupy_v those_o place_n or_o by_o the_o injury_n which_o they_o receive_v most_o common_o at_o their_o hand_n our_o subject_n be_v constrain_v to_o abandon_v their_o fish_n or_o at_o the_o least_o become_v so_o discourage_v in_o the_o same_o as_o they_o hold_v it_o better_o for_o they_o to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o some_o other_o course_n of_o live_v whereby_o not_o only_o diverse_a of_o our_o coast_n town_n be_v much_o decay_v but_o the_o number_n of_o mariner_n daily_o diminish_v which_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n to_o our_o estate_n consider_v how_o much_o the_o strength_n thereof_o consist_v in_o the_o power_n of_o ship_n and_o the_o use_n of_o navigation_n we_o have_v think_v it_o now_o both_o just_a and_o necessary_a in_o respect_n that_o we_o be_v now_o by_o god_n favour_n lineal_o and_o lawful_o possess_v as_o well_o of_o the_o island_n of_o great_a britain_n as_o of_o ireland_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a to_o bethink_v ourselves_o of_o good_a and_o lawful_a mean_n to_o prevent_v those_o inconvenience_n and_o many_o other_o depend_v upon_o the_o same_o in_o the_o consideration_n whereof_o as_o we_o be_v desirous_a that_o the_o world_n may_v take_v notice_n that_o we_o have_v no_o intention_n to_o deny_v our_o neighbour_n and_o ally_n those_o fruit_n and_o benefit_n of_o peace_n and_o friendship_n which_o may_v be_v just_o expect_v at_o our_o hand_n in_o honour_n and_o reason_n or_o be_v afford_v by_o other_o prince_n mutual_o in_o the_o point_n of_o commerce_n and_o exchange_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o may_v not_o prove_v prejudicial_a to_o they_o so_o because_o some_o such_o convenient_a order_n may_v be_v take_v in_o this_o matter_n as_o may_v sufficient_o provide_v for_o all_o these_o important_a consideration_n which_o do_v depend_v thereupon_o we_o have_v resolve_v first_o to_o give_v notice_n to_o all_o the_o world_n that_o our_o express_a pleasure_n be_v that_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o month_n of_o august_n next_o come_v no_o person_n of_o what_o nation_n or_o quality_n soever_o be_v not_o our_o natural_a bear_v subject_n be_v permit_v to_o fish_v upon_o any_o of_o our_o coast_n and_o sea_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a where_o most_o usual_o heretofore_o any_o fish_n have_v be_v until_o they_o have_v orderly_o demand_v and_o obtain_v licence_n from_o we_o or_o such_o our_o commissioner_n as_o we_o have_v authorise_v in_o that_o behalf_n viz._n at_o london_n for_o our_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o ireland_n and_o at_o edinburgh_n for_o our_o realm_n of_o scotland_n which_o licence_n our_o intention_n be_v shall_v be_v yearly_a demand_v for_o so_o many_o vessel_n and_o ship_n and_o the_o tonnage_n thereof_o as_o shall_v intend_v to_o fish_v for_o that_o whole_a year_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o upon_o any_o of_o our_o coast_n and_o sea_n as_o aforesaid_a upon_o pain_n of_o such_o chastisement_n as_o shall_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v inflict_v upon_o such_o wilful_a offender_n give_v at_o our_o palace_n of_o westminster_n the_o six_o of_o may_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1609._o by_o this_o proclamation_n be_v his_o majesty_n right_a and_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n express_v in_o two_o word_n by_o lineal_a and_o lawful_a possession_n of_o a_o hereditary_a kingdom_n or_o kingdom_n whereunto_o those_o sea_n be_v join_v and_o appertain_v it_o be_v not_o a_o dominion_n obtain_v by_o a_o elective_a kingdom_n as_o poland_n hungary_n and_o other_o neither_o be_v it_o have_v by_o any_o first_o discovery_n wherein_o the_o pope_n must_v be_v a_o mediator_n as_o alexander_n the_o six_o be_v between_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n and_o portugal_n upon_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n by_o draw_v a_o line_n upon_o the_o globe_n from_o the_o island_n of_o the_o canary_n to_o make_v the_o division_n between_o they_o neither_o be_v it_o like_v to_o the_o whale_n fish_v in_o greeneland_n where_o some_o upon_o their_o discovery_n take_v neither_o possession_n much_o less_o have_v any_o occupation_n which_o make_v the_o strong_a right_o neither_o be_v it_o by_o gift_n or_o purchase_n as_o some_o italian_a prince_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n which_o do_v nevertheless_o enjoy_v both_o freedom_n and_o benefit_n thereby_o but_o it_o be_v undoubted_a and_o indisputable_a as_o aforesaid_a to_o conclude_v this_o argument_n sea_n the_o best_a mark_n of_o distinct_a dominion_n upon_o the_o sea_n the_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o a_o border_a prince_n upon_o the_o sea_n be_v best_a see_v by_o the_o tribute_n or_o tax_n which_o he_o take_v upon_o fish_v ship_n whereof_o we_o have_v many_o precedent_n in_o russia_n many_o league_n from_o the_o main_n fisherman_n do_v pay_v great_a tax_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n and_o in_o most_o place_n none_o but_o his_o subject_n be_v permit_v to_o fish_n and_o the_o hollander_n do_v give_v he_o the_o ten_o fish_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n take_v great_a tribute_n both_o at_o wardhouse_n and_o the_o sound_n the_o king_n of_o sweathen_a have_v do_v the_o like_a which_o be_v now_o continue_v by_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o norway_n the_o duke_n of_o medina_n sidonia_n take_v for_o tunyne_n king_n edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n take_v six_o penny_n for_o every_o tun_n in_o his_o time_n which_o by_o inhaunce_v of_o the_o money_n be_v now_o 18_o penny_n all_o the_o border_a prince_n of_o italy_n do_v take_v tribute_n of_o the_o fish_n take_v within_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n for_o their_o several_a territory_n in_o lappia_n fisherman_n do_v pay_v money_n in_o the_o sound_n for_o passage_n to_o fetch_v it_o over_o and_o above_o the_o ten_o fish_n the_o earl_n of_o orkney_n take_v the_o ten_o fish_n for_o the_o isle_n of_o orcades_n under_o his_o jurisdiction_n as_o the_o fisherman_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o england_n for_o pilchard_n hake_n and_o conger_n the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a low_a country_n do_v take_v a_o imposition_n upon_o fish_n take_v within_o the_o sea_n and_o stream_n of_o other_o prince_n as_o also_o near_o their_o coast_n and_o their_o subject_n traffic_v with_o the_o russian_n as_o haunce_n noblett_n haunce_n van_n stracle_n robert_n englegrave_n and_o other_o do_v continual_o pay_v the_o ten_o fish_n unto_o the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n all_o which_o be_v requisite_a for_o merchant_n to_o know_v to_o prevent_v trouble_n or_o loss_n for_o the_o pretence_n of_o ignorance_n do_v not_o excuse_n as_o our_o merchant_n of_o kingston_n upon_o hull_n have_v find_v to_o their_o exceed_a loss_n heretofore_o chap._n xxxvi_o of_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n pay_v upon_o commodity_n whereas_o custom_n subsidy_n imposition_n toll_n nation_n custom_n upon_o commodity_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n accize_n impost_n and_o other_o duty_n by_o the_o exemplary_a action_n of_o prince_n and_o commonweal_n be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o a_o matter_n inherent_a to_o their_o prerogative_n because_o they_o be_v absolute_a commander_n in_o their_o harbour_n haven_n and_o port_n where_o commodity_n be_v export_v and_o import_v every_o merchant_n be_v bind_v to_o take_v notice_n thereof_o and_o to_o observe_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n and_o proceed_n use_v therein_o in_o all_o country_n respective_o to_o avoid_v the_o danger_n of_o the_o loss_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o commodity_n and_o to_o make_v a_o true_a calculation_n how_o to_o buy_v and_o sell_v to_o profit_n observe_v how_o much_o upon_o the_o hundred_o pound_n in_o value_n of_o his_o commodity_n rate_v by_o the_o order_n of_o diverse_a country_n the_o same_o amount_v unto_o and_o to_o add_v the_o
same_o with_o the_o charge_n upon_o commodity_n to_o the_o price_n whereat_o the_o say_v commodity_n be_v buy_v as_o well_o in_o his_o native_a country_n as_o in_o other_o country_n where_o he_o do_v traffic_n and_o trade_n in_o russia_n denmark_n and_o sweathen_a custom_n rigorous_a deal_n for_o custom_n the_o custom_n and_o ordinance_n be_v if_o a_o merchant_n do_v not_o declare_v all_o his_o commodity_n which_o he_o import_v or_o export_v but_o conceal_v some_o part_n of_o they_o all_o the_o commodity_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o prince_n and_o he_o shall_v find_v but_o small_a favour_n to_o redeem_v they_o in_o spain_n and_o other_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n the_o commodity_n conceal_v be_v only_o forfeit_v unless_o they_o be_v prohibit_v and_o unlawful_a good_n in_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n be_v the_o like_a and_o only_o the_o good_n conceal_v be_v forfeit_v and_o may_v be_v have_v again_o upon_o reasonable_a composition_n for_o the_o statute_n law_n give_v authority_n to_o the_o officer_n who_o make_v the_o seizure_n that_o upon_o licence_n sue_v forth_o to_o compound_v he_o may_v do_v it_o safe_o for_o his_o part_n which_o be_v the_o one_o moiety_n and_o for_o the_o other_o moiety_n which_o be_v the_o king_n merchant_n be_v gracious_o deal_v wichall_a by_o the_o judge_n or_o baron_n of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n deal_n abuse_v of_o favourable_a deal_n or_o other_o thereunto_o authorise_v insomuch_o that_o it_o have_v happen_v that_o some_o merchant_n rely_v upon_o this_o favourable_a deal_n have_v adventure_v to_o expose_v their_o commodity_n unto_o the_o forfeiture_n thereof_o be_v commodity_n which_o pay_v much_o custom_n and_o imposition_n as_o cambric_n lawn_n tobacco_n cutcheneale_n venice_n gold_n thread_n and_o other_o thing_n because_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n assure_v to_o make_v composition_n under_o the_o sum_n which_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v for_o custom_n and_o imposition_n in_o france_n and_o germany_n be_v the_o like_a for_o conceal_a commodity_n which_o be_v not_o declare_v in_o the_o customhouse_n and_o jewel_n and_o precious_a stone_n and_o pearl_n be_v free_v of_o custom_n and_o so_o be_v it_o in_o england_n until_o of_o late_a year_n since_o the_o custom_n be_v take_v to_o farm_n and_o yet_o they_o pay_v but_o three_o pro_fw-la cent_n of_o the_o value_n of_o their_o appraisement_n etc._n strict_a order_n for_o custom_n at_o london_n etc._n etc._n to_o be_v rate_v by_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o customhouse_n at_o london_n but_o if_o any_o merchant_n or_o jeweller_n bring_v over_o any_o jewel_n or_o precious_a stone_n and_o pearl_n he_o be_v to_o declare_v they_o to_o the_o officer_n or_o waiter_n of_o the_o place_n where_o he_o land_v otherwise_o they_o will_v be_v seize_v by_o water_n or_o land_n as_o forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n wherein_o more_o strict_a deal_n have_v be_v use_v of_o late_a since_o the_o king_n have_v let_v to_o farm_v his_o moiety_n of_o the_o seizure_n so_o that_o first_o of_o all_o the_o custom_n of_o conceal_a good_n must_v be_v pay_v before_o any_o composition_n be_v make_v next_o the_o composition_n be_v make_v then_o may_v the_o informer_n be_v agree_v withal_o and_o no_o commodity_n can_v be_v deliver_v upon_o security_n to_o the_o owner_n as_o former_o by_o the_o law_n be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v but_o they_o must_v remain_v in_o some_o sufficient_a custody_n until_o the_o matter_n be_v try_v by_o law_n or_o compound_v by_o agreement_n but_o prohibit_v commodity_n as_o allome_n and_o other_o thing_n by_o letter_n patent_n and_o proclamation_n the_o possession_n may_v be_v have_v upon_o security_n to_o be_v give_v to_o answer_v the_o value_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o appraisement_n make_v of_o they_o and_o these_o commodity_n if_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n do_v not_o declare_v they_o upon_o his_o entry_n make_v in_o the_o customhouse_n upon_o his_o oath_n be_v also_o subject_a to_o the_o forfeiture_n although_o they_o come_v consign_v unto_o a_o merchant_n or_o factor_n unaware_o by_o another_o merchant_n that_o know_v not_o that_o such_o commodity_n be_v prohibit_v to_o be_v import_v the_o like_a be_v it_o for_o a_o merchant_n ship_v out_o unlawful_a ware_n but_o herein_o he_o may_v have_v intelligence_n by_o the_o customer_n before_o he_o do_v lay_v they_o upon_o the_o water_n to_o be_v ship_v again_o if_o a_o merchant_n carry_v money_n by_o water_n down_o to_o gravesend_n with_o a_o intention_n to_o bestow_v the_o same_o in_o bay_n at_o sandwich_n or_o in_o other_o commodity_n at_o canturburie_n he_o be_v first_o to_o declare_v the_o same_o in_o the_o searcher_n office_n or_o else_o the_o money_n be_v lose_v and_o three_o time_n the_o value_n upon_o information_n for_o no_o money_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n or_o any_o foreign_a coin_n or_o plate_n bring_v into_o the_o kingdom_n can_v be_v transport_v only_o for_o passenger_n expense_n some_o four_o or_o five_o pound_n may_v be_v carry_v out_o but_o for_o commodity_n bring_v in_o which_o have_v pay_v custom_n the_o same_o may_v be_v ship_v out_o again_o by_o cocket_a without_o pay_v any_o more_o custom_n and_o imposition_n so_o it_o be_v do_v upon_o good_a certificate_n that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o commodity_n and_o that_o the_o property_n thereof_o be_v not_o alter_v and_o this_o must_v be_v do_v within_o six_o month_n after_o their_o importation_n all_o merchant_n ship_n be_v lade_v tilburie-hope_a permit_v to_o break_v bulk_n at_o tilburie-hope_a have_v always_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n be_v permit_v to_o break_v bulk_n below_o or_o at_o tilburie-hope_a and_o to_o pay_v no_o custom_n but_o for_o the_o good_n they_o bring_v up_o or_o land_v in_o england_n and_o not_o for_o the_o good_n which_o they_o do_v transport_v in_o the_o say_a ship_n or_o in_o any_o other_o vessel_n or_o ship_n which_o privilege_n and_o certainty_n of_o merchant_n custom_n ought_v to_o be_v serious_o observe_v better_o than_o it_o have_v be_v of_o late_a and_o of_o this_o and_o other_o observation_n merchant_n and_o factor_n be_v to_o give_v notice_n to_o their_o friend_n and_o master_n to_o the_o end_n they_o do_v not_o incur_v any_o danger_n sight_n to_o enter_v good_n upon_o sight_n which_o to_o avoid_v in_o some_o sort_n be_v effect_v by_o enter_v the_o good_n upon_o sight_n of_o the_o customer_n view_v by_o open_v of_o they_o in_o barbary_n and_o other_o place_n where_o the_o custom_n be_v pay_v in_o kind_n or_o species_n if_o any_o part_n be_v conceal_v and_o not_o enter_v that_o only_o will_v be_v forfeit_v and_o yet_o the_o loss_n be_v great_a because_o they_o will_v make_v choice_n of_o the_o best_a as_o for_o example_n suppose_v a_o merchant_n do_v enter_v diverse_a sort_n of_o linnen-cloth_n and_o conceal_v some_o piece_n the_o officer_n will_v take_v both_o the_o ten_o piece_n for_o the_o custom_n and_o all_o the_o conceal_a piece_n of_o the_o best_a and_o fine_a sort_n to_o your_o exceed_a great_a loss_n in_o the_o low-countries_n and_o germany_n as_o also_o in_o most_o place_n of_o italy_n and_o turkey_n you_o shall_v only_o forfeit_v the_o good_n conceal_v and_o be_v permit_v to_o compound_v for_o they_o as_o you_o can_v agree_v wherein_o the_o circumstance_n in_o some_o place_n will_v be_v consider_v and_o the_o manner_n how_o the_o error_n grow_v or_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v with_o a_o set_a purpose_n there_o be_v also_o in_o diverse_a place_n allowance_n make_v as_o in_o england_n upon_o wine_n in_o regard_n of_o lecage_n of_o ten_o or_o fifteen_o upon_o the_o hundred_o or_o else_o all_o the_o butt_n and_o pipe_n be_v to_o be_v fill_v up_o imposition_n allowance_n make_v upon_o custom_n and_o imposition_n and_o so_o to_o pay_v according_o wherein_o the_o time_n of_o the_o voyage_n foul_a weather_n and_o other_o accident_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v to_o make_v your_o composition_n thereafter_o upon_o clothes_n to_o be_v ship_v out_o clothes_n allowance_n upon_o clothes_n there_o be_v allowance_n make_v of_o the_o ten_o cloth_n for_o a_o wrapper_n which_o pay_v no_o custom_n and_o so_o of_o all_o other_o woollen_a commodity_n which_o pay_v after_o the_o rate_n as_o three_o northeren_n kersey_n for_o a_o cloth_n four_o devonshire_n kersey_n two_o single_a dozen_o one_o double_a dozen_o six_o cardinal_n pin-whites_a statute_n stockbridges_n strait_n and_o tavistocke_n four_o cornish_n dozen_o pennystone_n unfrieze_v island_n dozen_o and_o northeren_n plain_n for_o one_o cloth_n two_o bridgewaters_n cornish_n and_o devonshire_n double_a dozen_o florentines_n northern_a dozen_o single_a and_o pennystone_n for_o a_o cloth_n to_o be_v understand_v for_o a_o short_a cloth_n colour_v or_o white_a of_o twenty_o and_o four_o yard_n long_o weigh_v 60_o will_v until_o 64_o will_v whereof_o english_a custom_n be_v a_o noble_a and_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n
also_o provide_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o have_v voluntary_o yield_v to_o any_o arrest_n or_o his_o body_n to_o prison_n and_o so_o remain_v in_o prison_n for_o and_o during_o the_o time_n of_o six_o month_n think_v by_o that_o imprisonment_n to_o free_v his_o good_n and_o to_o deceive_v his_o creditor_n against_o he_o may_v the_o say_a commission_n be_v sue_v forth_o and_o execute_v according_o for_o he_o be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o a_o bankrupt_a according_a to_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o if_o the_o party_n be_v at_o liberty_n against_o who_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o bankrupt_a be_v take_v out_o the_o say_a commissioner_n may_v if_o they_o see_v cause_n commit_v he_o to_o prison_n and_o give_v he_o some_o allowance_n for_o his_o maintenance_n and_o of_o all_o their_o proceed_n there_o be_v a_o register_n appoint_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n to_o record_v the_o same_o until_o 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scotland_n and_o ireland_n concern_v fish_v the_o several_a statute_n of_o these_o kingdom_n have_v establish_v good_a order_n concern_v the_o fish_n trade_n whereunto_o relation_n may_v be_v have_v contain_v in_o substance_n the_o ordinance_n to_o build_v ship_n and_o boat_n and_o appoint_v of_o certain_a time_n for_o fish_v and_o then_o only_o to_o fish_n upon_o pain_n not_o only_o of_o forfeiture_n and_o fine_n but_o death_n also_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o offence_n make_v and_o contempt_n of_o those_o decree_n and_o ordinance_n prohibit_v for_o the_o increase_n of_o fish_n the_o make_v set_v and_o use_v of_o crow_n yarre_n dam_n ditch_n tramlet_n parking_n dyke_n in_o any_o water_n where_o the_o sea_n ebb_v and_o flow_v and_o albeit_o some_o be_v permit_v to_o lay_v net_n and_o to_o make_v wear_v yet_o must_v he_o keep_v the_o saturdays_n slop_n that_o be_v to_o lift_v the_o same_o from_o saturday_n in_o the_o afternoon_n until_o monday_n and_o he_o be_v to_o make_v 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that_o our_o iron_n be_v best_a for_o the_o cast_n of_o ordnance_n and_o that_o the_o sweaden_a cast_a iron_n piece_n be_v brittle_a and_o common_o one_o in_o seven_o will_v not_o abide_v the_o trial_n and_o of_o late_a the_o break_a piece_n of_o we_o be_v make_v serviceable_a for_o iron_n in_o bar_n to_o be_v cast_v again_o mine_n quicksilver_n mine_n mercury_n or_o quicksilver_n natural_a be_v not_o yet_o find_v in_o england_n but_o only_o in_o germany_n in_o very_o cold_a place_n and_o within_o these_o thirty_o year_n there_o be_v two_o mine_n of_o quicksilver_n discover_v in_o the_o west-indies_n which_o be_v a_o help_n to_o the_o quantity_n which_o they_o yearly_a buy_v to_o refine_v their_o silver_n mine_n brimstone_n sulphur_n mine_n or_o brimstone_n sulphur_n or_o brimstone_n be_v find_v in_o diverse_a country_n can_v be_v better_a than_o we_o have_v in_o some_o mountain_n in_o wales_n from_o whence_o i_o have_v have_v diverse_a sort_n of_o sulphur_n earth_n or_o i_o very_o rich_a some_o there_o be_v also_o in_o blackamoor_n and_o basedale_n in_o yorkâ—shire_n as_o also_o many_o other_o mineral_n which_o my_o workman_n do_v show_v i_o sort_n mineral_n of_o diverse_a sort_n as_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la oacre_n red_a and_o yellow_a bowl_n armoniacke_n tera_n d'_fw-fr vmbra_fw-la antimony_n salniter_n black_a lead_n vitriol_n to_o be_v make_v of_o copporas_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v make_v of_o metal_n nor_o of_o saltpetre_n which_o be_v plentiful_a earth_n allome_n be_v make_v oâ—_n stone_n slate_n and_o earth_n and_o now_o i_o can_v omit_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o allome_n whereof_o in_o many_o country_n great_a store_n be_v make_v but_o the_o best_a be_v at_o ciuâ—ta_n vecchia_n in_o italy_n call_v romish_a allome_n make_v with_o small_a charge_n out_o of_o a_o kind_n of_o stone_n which_o yield_v above_o the_o one_o half_a of_o allome_n without_o use_v any_o urine_n or_o saltish_a mixture_n as_o they_o do_v in_o germany_n where_o they_o have_v both_o red_a and_o white_a allome_n at_o reasonable_a rate_n so_o they_o have_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o strait_n at_o constantinople_n carthagena_n and_o other_o place_n sweaden_a and_o poland_n be_v not_o without_o it_o in_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n great_a quantity_n can_v be_v make_v have_v not_o england_n undertake_v so_o much_o whereof_o i_o have_v set_v down_o the_o original_n progress_n and_o continuance_n concern_v those_o work_n at_o large_a the_o substance_n whereof_o follow_v in_o brief_a queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n do_v in_o the_o sixth_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n grant_v by_o letter_n patent_n unto_o one_o cornelius_n de_fw-fr vos_fw-fr the_o sole_a make_n of_o copperas_n and_o allome_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n which_o be_v assign_v by_o he_o to_o james_n lord_n mountioy_n and_o be_v renew_v for_o twenty_o one_o year_n be_v confirm_v unto_o he_o by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o one_o master_n lane_n his_o workemaster_n make_v great_a quantity_n of_o copperas_n in_o dorsetshire_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o purbeke_n and_o some_o allome_n and_o copperas_n be_v then_o sell_v at_o 30_o will_v the_o tun_n now_o under_o three_o pound_n afterward_o about_o the_o year_n 1604_o one_o master_n atherton_n begin_v to_o practice_v the_o make_n of_o allome_n in_o yorkshire_n about_o gisborough_n with_o who_o one_o master_n bourchier_n now_o sir_n john_n bourchier_n knight_n do_v join_v to_o bring_v it_o to_o some_o perfection_n in_o hope_n whereof_o and_o at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o say_a sir_n john_n the_o king_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n grant_v certain_a conditional_a letter_n patent_n to_o the_o lord_n sheffield_n precedent_n of_o the_o north_n sir_n thomas_n challoner_n sir_n david_n fowl_n knight_n and_o the_o say_a master_n bourchier_n for_o twenty_o one_o year_n for_o the_o sole_a make_n of_o allome_n in_o yorkshire_n only_o where_o in_o building_n of_o seven_o house_n and_o the_o utensill_n for_o work_v and_o charge_n moores_n above_o blackâ—_n moores_n with_o other_o extraordinary_n they_o be_v out_o of_o purse_n in_o two_o year_n some_o 33_o thousand_o pound_n and_o can_v proceed_v no_o further_o without_o bring_v in_o new_a man_n for_o some_o of_o the_o other_o give_v over_o in_o time_n and_o will_v proceed_v no_o further_o although_o the_o german_n be_v now_o come_v which_o they_o have_v send_v for_o wight_n there_o be_v rich_a allome_n mine_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n hereupon_o other_o letter_n patent_n be_v obtain_v for_o thirty_o one_o year_n for_o all_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n without_o condition_n and_o then_o they_o be_v out_o above_o 40_o thousand_o pound_n and_o no_o allome_n make_v to_o benefit_n although_o the_o price_n be_v raise_v at_o a_o certainty_n and_o all_o foreign_a allome_n prohibit_v to_o come_v in_o and_o his_o majesty_n have_v be_v please_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o say_a work_n and_o lay_v out_o so_o many_o thousand_o pound_n as_o be_v not_o fit_v to_o be_v express_v thus_o by_o overcharge_v the_o â—_z in_o the_o beginning_n be_v good_a business_n overthrow_v many_o be_v the_o particular_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o write_v concern_v these_o work_n but_o leave_v this_o i_o wish_v good_a success_n therein_o for_o there_o be_v allome_n earth_n enough_o to_o continue_v for_o ever_o and_o in_o place_n westward_n as_o good_a and_o better_a than_o any_o in_o yorkshire_n now_o from_o the_o mine_n of_o gold_n be_v fall_v to_o allome_n and_o copperas_n let_v we_o end_v with_o the_o coal_n pit_n or_o coal_n mine_n mine_n coale_n mine_n whereof_o they_o make_v more_o account_n in_o the_o north_n than_o of_o lead_n mine_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v abundant_a more_o than_o in_o any_o country_n of_o the_o world_n in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o germany_n about_o acon_n and_o collogne_n they_o have_v great_a store_n of_o sea-coal_n but_o it_o do_v not_o cake_n as_o our_o coal_n they_o melt_v great_a quantity_n of_o iron_n stone_n with_o it_o be_v like_a unto_o the_o coal_n in_o nottinghamshire_n or_o thereabouts_o which_o flame_v more_o like_a unto_o the_o scot_n coal_n to_o know_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o our_o coal_n i_o have_v note_v in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n and_o now_o i_o be_o to_o show_v how_o mine_n may_v be_v wrought_v to_o benefit_n and_o profit_n for_o the_o good_a of_o merchant_n and_o other_o chap._n four_o of_o the_o profitable_a work_n of_o mine_n philip_n the_o second_o late_a king_n of_o spain_n perceive_v that_o many_o blind_a bayard_n be_v overbold_a to_o undertake_v the_o work_n of_o his_o mine_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o west-indies_n and_o yet_o consider_v on_o the_o one_o side_n that_o without_o authority_n and_o privilege_n they_o can_v not_o be_v encourage_v thereunto_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n have_v obtain_v the_o same_o for_o certain_a allot_v ground_n unto_o they_o they_o do_v hinder_v other_o man_n and_o themselves_o proceed_v not_o do_v very_o advise_o make_v all_o his_o letter_n patent_n as_o we_o call_v they_o conditional_a with_o a_o proviso_n mine_n a_o good_a proviso_n in_o lettet_n patent_n for_o mine_n that_o if_o the_o patentee_n do_v not_o proceed_v in_o the_o work_n or_o discontinue_v the_o work_n for_o two_o year_n the_o patent_n be_v void_a of_o course_n and_o upon_o certificate_n make_v of_o it_o the_o king_n make_v new_a grant_n unto_o other_o if_o our_o king_n be_v please_v to_o do_v so_o many_o grant_n or_o lease_n make_v by_o the_o company_n of_o the_o mine_n royal_a will_v be_v make_v void_a and_o other_o man_n will_v be_v encourage_v to_o try_v their_o fortune_n upon_o they_o the_o next_o consideration_n concern_v mine_n mettaline_a and_o mineral_n be_v that_o the_o work_n in_o the_o beginning_n be_v not_o choke_v or_o suffocate_v with_o extreme_a charge_n and_o expense_n which_o do_v discourage_v the_o undertaker_n and_o all_o other_o whereby_o the_o work_n be_v give_v over_o or_o mean_n be_v devise_v to_o charge_n prince_n coffer_n with_o they_o for_o it_o be_v true_a that_o thing_n do_v prosper_v best_a when_o they_o be_v underprop_a by_o authority_n itself_o which_o to_o do_v in_o the_o beginning_n be_v more_o profitable_a than_o when_o the_o charge_n and_o expense_n have_v overburthen_v they_o for_o prevention_n whereof_o i_o make_v a_o contract_n for_o the_o lead_v mine_n in_o the_o north_n part_n which_o be_v imitate_v shall_v cut_v off_o all_o such_o charge_n as_o common_o the_o party_n do_v run_v into_o in_o the_o work_n of_o mine_n upon_o the_o conceit_a benefit_n which_o draw_v more_o violent_o than_o the_o adamant_n stone_n for_o as_o the_o portugal_n antonio_n diaz_n tell_v the_o king_n todo_fw-es los_fw-es mineros_fw-es son_fw-it ricos_fw-la porque_fw-es quando_fw-la no_o
so_o many_o million_o of_o copper_n money_n in_o four_o and_o eight_o maluedy_n and_o otherwise_o and_o in_o portugal_n of_o vintenis_fw-la patacois_n of_o so_o many_o reas_n that_o the_o half_a ryall_n which_o be_v our_o three_o penny_n be_v only_o of_o silver_n and_o all_o money_n under_o it_o be_v mere_a copper_n without_o any_o mixture_n of_o silver_n this_o quantity_n be_v almost_o incredible_a for_o it_o be_v not_o many_o year_n since_o during_o the_o king_n reign_n of_o philip_n the_o three_o that_o certain_a italian_n find_v fault_n that_o his_o octavos_fw-la and_o quartillos_n be_v too_o big_a give_v the_o king_n six_o million_o of_o ducat_n to_o coin_v they_o at_o half_a the_o weight_n within_o a_o time_n limit_v and_o as_o many_o as_o they_o can_v utter_v within_o that_o time_n necessitas_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la legem_fw-la be_v true_a in_o some_o respect_n the_o venetian_n also_o coin_v mere_a copper_n money_n venetian_n copper_n money_n of_o the_o venetian_n they_o have_v sessini_fw-la which_z be_v value_v at_o two_o quatrini_fw-la and_o three_o quatrini_fw-la be_v one_o half_a penny_n sterling_a for_o six_o quatrini_fw-la be_v one_o penny_n bagatini_fw-la they_o have_v also_o whereof_o four_o make_v one_o quatrini_fw-la and_o twenty_o and_o four_o bagatini_fw-la make_v one_o penny_n sterling_a by_o calculation_n in_o france_n they_o have_v mailles_n petit_fw-fr deniers_fw-fr deniers_fw-fr double_v france_n of_o france_n and_o liart_n &_o in_o time_n past_a most_o of_o these_o have_v some_o silver_n in_o they_o but_o upon_o due_a consideration_n that_o it_o be_v so_o much_o silver_n waste_v because_o the_o charge_n of_o refine_n do_v surmount_v the_o value_n and_o that_o these_o money_n do_v serve_v for_o the_o commutation_n of_o petty_a thing_n and_o trifle_n they_o have_v save_v that_o silver_n germany_n of_o germany_n the_o like_a they_o have_v do_v of_o all_o the_o small_a money_n in_o germany_n but_o they_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v alkime_v like_o silver_n which_o be_v do_v with_o tin_n and_o sal_fw-la armoniake_n after_o they_o be_v coin_a which_o hold_v fair_a for_o a_o long_a time_n than_o the_o money_n of_o silver_n allay_v with_o much_o copper_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n incorporate_v with_o the_o copper_n and_o take_v away_o the_o smell_n of_o it_o such_o be_v their_o heller_n alb_n hallincke_n and_o the_o like_a small_a copper_n money_n low-countries_n of_o the_o low-countries_n in_o the_o low-countries_n they_o have_v duyt_n mite_n negemancken_n ortkens_n whereof_o four_o make_v a_o styver_n and_o five_o styver_n make_v six_o penny_n which_o we_o may_v well_o call_v a_o styver_n for_o a_o penny_n sterling_a eight_o negemancken_n and_o twenty_o and_o four_o mite_n for_o one_o penny_n also_o in_o some_o place_n as_o in_o flanders_n the_o mite_n be_v call_v corte_n and_o in_o the_o wallone_n country_n engcuni_fw-la and_o in_o other_o place_n point_v pite_n poot_n be_v all_o subdivision_n of_o obolus_fw-la or_o the_o half_a penny_n government_n of_o many_o other_o kingdom_n and_o state_n government_n in_o bohemia_n poland_n sweaden_a denmark_n east-land_n and_o many_o other_o kingdom_n and_o state_n they_o have_v mere_a copper_n money_n tedious_a to_o describe_v likewise_o in_o italy_n in_o their_o several_a principality_n and_o dukedom_n scotland_n of_o scotland_n in_o scotland_n they_o have_v turnoner_n and_o penny_n and_o half_a penny_n in_o their_o name_n and_o much_o base_a money_n of_o achison_n plackx_n baby_n nonsuit_v ireland_n of_o ireland_n and_o the_o like_a in_o ireland_n they_o have_v in_o queen_n elizabeth_n her_o time_n half_a penny_n and_o penny_n of_o copper_n which_o be_v most_o of_o they_o lose_v and_o consume_v the_o necessity_n of_o these_o small_a money_n do_v appear_v here_o with_o we_o in_o england_n where_o every_o chandler_n tapster_n vintner_n and_o other_o make_v token_n of_o lead_n and_o brass_n for_o halfe-pence_n and_o at_o bristol_n by_o the_o late_a queen_n authority_n england_n farthing_n token_n in_o england_n be_v make_v of_o copper_n with_o a_o ship_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o c.b._n on_o the_o other_o side_n signify_v civitas_fw-la bristol_n these_o go_v currant_n for_o small_a thing_n at_o bristol_n and_o ten_o mile_n about_o hereupon_o it_o please_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o k._n to_o approve_v of_o the_o make_n of_o a_o competent_a quantity_n of_o farthing_n token_n to_o abolish_v the_o say_v leaden_a token_n make_v in_o derogation_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n royal_a which_o farthing_n token_n be_v make_v by_o engine_n of_o mere_a copper_n in_o the_o year_n 1613_o with_o certain_a caution_n and_o limitation_n have_v on_o the_o one_o side_n two_o sceptre_n cross_v under_o one_o diadem_n in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o union_n between_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o harp_n for_o ireland_n and_o the_o inscription_n of_o jacobus_n d.g._n magnae_fw-la britt_n fra._n &_o hiber_n rex_fw-la and_o the_o say_a farthing_n token_n have_v not_o only_o be_v find_v very_o commodious_a and_o necessary_a for_o petty_a commutation_n but_o also_o to_o be_v a_o great_a relief_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o mean_n to_o increase_v charity_n without_o which_o many_o of_o they_o have_v perish_v every_o man_n have_v mean_n to_o give_v alm_n even_o the_o mechanical_a poor_a to_o the_o indigent_a poor_a money_n silver_n money_n to_o come_v to_o the_o coin_n of_o silver_n we_o have_v also_o note_v that_o the_o roman_n make_v but_o money_n of_o silver_n the_o 484_o year_n after_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 3695_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n be_v now_o about_o 1900_o year_n since_o and_o by_o some_o coin_v &_o model_n extant_a the_o goodness_n of_o it_o be_v sterling_a silver_n be_v above_o 11_o ounce_n fine_a since_o which_o time_n many_o be_v the_o standard_n of_o silver_n money_n make_v in_o diverse_a country_n according_a to_o occasion_n both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n as_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n where_o we_o have_v reduce_v they_o from_o the_o mark_n weight_n unto_o the_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n and_o concern_v the_o money_n of_o england_n of_o the_o sterling_a standard_n more_o follow_v hereafter_o the_o money_n of_o gold_n be_v but_o make_v when_o the_o roman_n have_v take_v great_a wealth_n from_o all_o nation_n money_n gold_n money_n and_o be_v sixty_o two_o year_n after_o their_o beginning_n of_o the_o make_n of_o silver_n money_n and_o they_o be_v of_o fine_a gold_n since_o which_o time_n also_o there_o have_v be_v many_o standard_n make_v of_o gold_n and_o that_o from_o about_o twenty_o four_o carrat_n fine_a until_o seven_o carrat_n etc._n etc._n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o mint_n there_o be_v diverse_a officer_n in_o all_o mint_n the_o principal_a officer_n be_v the_o warden_n of_o the_o mint_n next_o be_v the_o mintmaster_n the_o one_o to_o look_v to_o the_o make_n of_o money_n complete_a according_a to_o the_o standard_n and_o the_o other_o with_o his_o workman_n call_v monyers_n to_o make_v they_o then_o there_o be_v the_o comptroller_n to_o keep_v the_o contrebooke_n for_o the_o prince_n &_o state_n to_o see_v the_o bullion_n receive_v and_o the_o assay_v make_v thereof_o and_o the_o complete_a money_n return_v for_o the_o same_o weight_n for_o weight_n pay_v coinage_n money_n forth_o same_o which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o warden_n by_o the_o say_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la as_o they_o be_v coin_a at_o the_o first_o there_o be_v common_o two_o assaymaster_n one_o graver_n and_o his_o deputy_n one_o that_o keep_v the_o iron_n to_o deliver_v they_o to_o the_o monyers_n or_o the_o provost_n or_o chief_a of_o they_o to_o see_v they_o every_o night_n return_v again_o then_o the_o sincker_n smith_n porter_n and_o the_o like_a in_o their_o place_n all_o these_o have_v wage_n for_o themselves_o or_o allowance_n yearly_a from_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n the_o mintmaster_n and_o the_o monyers_n be_v pay_v for_o every_o pound_n weight_n they_o make_v whereof_o 30_o will_v weight_n they_o call_v a_o journey_n the_o tellors_n office_n be_v but_o use_v in_o england_n money_n the_o sheyre_n book_n of_o money_n which_o the_o warden_n deputy_n execute_v in_o other_o country_n to_o keep_v a_o sheyre_n book_n of_o the_o piece_n contain_v in_o the_o mark_n or_o pound_n weight_n although_o the_o money_n be_v deliver_v by_o weight_n and_o not_o by_o tale_n for_o although_o there_o be_v suppose_v eight_o or_o ten_o piece_n over_o in_o 100_o will_v by_o tale_n it_o do_v encourage_v the_o bringer_n in_o of_o bullion_n for_o the_o â—â—act_n size_v be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v regard_v upon_o the_o total_a in_o quantity_n as_o upon_o the_o equality_n of_o weight_n in_o piece_n for_o it_o happen_v sometime_o that_o one_o shilling_n will_v weigh_v one_o farthing_n or_o half_a penny_n
and_o five_o shilling_n flemish_n for_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a whereas_o before_o they_o do_v allow_v and_o reckon_v thirty_o seven_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n or_o thereabouts_o which_o be_v above_o our_o inhaunce_n of_o ten_o pro_fw-la cent_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v almost_o thirty_o eight_o shilling_n whereof_o our_o mint_n man_n câ—n_v take_v no_o notice_n much_o less_o our_o goldsmith_n and_o merchant_n which_o either_o be_v ignorant_a or_o wise_a in_o their_o own_o conceit_n and_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o find_v in_o one_o man_n that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o profession_n of_o many_o and_o when_o it_o be_v find_v to_o embrace_v it_o for_o wisdom_n draw_v back_o where_o blind_a byard_n be_v audacious_a for_o i_o own_o part_n although_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v hope_v that_o we_o be_v of_o the_o scythian_n mind_n who_o contemn_v silver_n and_o gold_n as_o much_o as_o other_o man_n do_v admire_v the_o same_o yet_o see_v money_n be_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o wise_a so_o necessary_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o sinew_n of_o peace_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o life_n and_o breath_n of_o warfare_n i_o can_v not_o if_o i_o be_v a_o lawgiver_n with_o lycurgus_n banish_v gold_n and_o silver_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o much_o evil_a and_o bring_v in_o iron_n in_o place_n unless_o i_o may_v be_v persuade_v as_o he_o be_v of_o such_o good_a success_n against_o unrighteous_a deal_n as_o issue_v thereby_o but_o rather_o use_v the_o precious_a metal_n so_o convenient_o as_o i_o may_v and_o supply_v the_o defect_n with_o base_a coin_n whereunto_o these_o chief_a metal_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n can_v serve_v without_o great_a loss_n and_o inconvenience_n or_o else_o i_o will_v by_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n prevent_v all_o and_o abound_v with_o money_n and_o bullion_n have_v such_o staple_n commodity_n to_o procure_v the_o same_o withal_o whereof_o other_o nation_n be_v destitute_a let_v we_o now_o therefore_o enter_v into_o consideration_n of_o the_o merchant_n valuation_n in_o exchange_n predominant_a merchant_n valuation_n predominant_a which_o we_o have_v note_v to_o be_v predominant_a and_o overrule_a the_o king_n valuation_n for_o if_o the_o king_n do_v value_v a_o piece_n of_o sterling_a silver_n weigh_v about_o four_o penny_n weight_n at_o twelve_o penny_n it_o will_v be_v currant_n so_o within_o the_o realm_n but_o merchant_n in_o exchange_n will_v value_v the_o same_o at_o 11_o ½_n penny_n and_o common_o at_o eleven_o penny_n and_o so_o it_o will_v be_v transport_v in_o specie_fw-la by_o a_o low_a exchange_n and_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n will_v be_v sell_v according_o as_o you_o may_v understand_v by_o the_o declaration_n of_o exchange_n in_o our_o three_o part_n of_o this_o book_n hereafter_o this_o valuation_n of_o merchant_n have_v two_o handmaid_n beyond_o the_o sea_n which_o do_v advance_v the_o foreign_a coin_n in_o price_n as_o we_o do_v by_o exchange_n abate_v the_o same_o for_o merchant_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v any_o species_n of_o coin_n for_o transportation_n as_o dollar_n for_o the_o east-country_n to_o buy_v corn_n or_o royal_n of_o plate_n for_o the_o east-indies_n or_o french_a crown_n for_o france_n will_v give_v one_o two_o or_o three_o styver_n or_o sou_n upon_o a_o piece_n to_o have_v the_o same_o whereby_o other_o merchant_n buy_v commodity_n will_v condition_n to_o make_v their_o payment_n in_o such_o coin_n according_o merchandise_n currant_n money_n in_o merchandise_n and_o so_o it_o go_v from_o man_n to_o man_n by_o toleration_n which_o be_v call_v currant_n money_n in_o merchandise_n or_o permission_n money_n whereby_o the_o same_o be_v enhance_v two_o or_o three_o upon_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o least_o this_o inconvenience_n seem_v to_o be_v remediless_a as_o the_o placcart_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n declare_v 1594._o anno_fw-la 1594._o albeit_o the_o course_n of_o it_o be_v beneficial_a unto_o they_o and_o in_o regard_n of_o they_o may_v well_o be_v call_v permission_n money_n for_o when_o they_o will_v not_o break_v the_o coin_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v in_o all_o mint_n than_o it_o be_v either_o value_v rather_o above_o the_o value_n which_o content_v the_o say_a nation_n and_o so_o be_v permit_v to_o pass_v between_o man_n and_o man_n which_o draw_v money_n unto_o they_o which_o do_v not_o endure_v long_o master_n valuation_n alter_v by_o practice_n with_o mint_n master_n for_o the_o last_o and_o three_o effect_n of_o merchant_n valuation_n between_o the_o mint-master_n who_o love_n to_o be_v do_v and_o the_o say_a merchant_n come_v in_o place_n either_o by_o abate_v the_o price_n of_o the_o say_v foreign_a coin_n by_o proclamation_n to_o avoid_v their_o hand_n of_o it_o or_o to_o gather_v up_o coin_n before_o they_o be_v enhance_v divide_v the_o benefit_n between_o they_o &_o the_o financier_n who_o be_v officer_n of_o their_o treasury_n which_o be_v do_v with_o great_a dexterity_n every_o way_n in_o so_o much_o that_o when_o it_o seem_v they_o will_v not_o have_v foreign_a coin_n and_o to_o that_o end_n they_o underualue_n the_o same_o then_o have_v they_o their_o exchanger_n or_o broker_n to_o gather_v up_o those_o money_n to_o be_v bring_v to_o their_o mint_n where_o they_o will_v give_v secret_o a_o benefit_n and_o help_v themselves_o by_o the_o shire_n which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o private_a authority_n so_o that_o all_o thing_n due_o consider_v there_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o rule_n of_o exchange_n to_o prevent_v and_o moderate_v all_o these_o inconvenience_n which_o to_o make_v man_n believe_v be_v to_o undertake_v hercules_n labour_n for_o herein_o do_v the_o motion_n consist_v and_o motus_fw-la maior_fw-la expellit_fw-la minorem_fw-la touch_v the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o valuation_n albeit_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o same_o be_v not_o much_o material_a in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n yet_o experience_n have_v show_v unto_o we_o that_o the_o contrary_n must_v be_v believe_v before_o their_o conceit_n and_o whereas_o they_o have_v make_v observation_n upon_o my_o former_a assertion_n to_o this_o purpose_n that_o spain_n hold_v the_o proportion_n of_o twelve_o to_o one_o and_o portugal_n hold_v but_o ten_o to_o one_o they_o do_v not_o mark_v the_o reason_n add_v thereunto_o which_o be_v that_o between_o those_o kingdom_n there_o be_v no_o commodity_n to_o establish_v any_o traffic_n so_o that_o exportation_n of_o silver_n for_o gold_n money_n permutation_n of_o money_n or_o gold_n for_o silver_n be_v but_o a_o permutation_n between_o they_o without_o any_o profit_n but_o england_n and_o other_o country_n afford_v mean_n to_o import_v abundance_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n and_o gold_n be_v with_o we_o in_o great_a estimation_n than_o heretofore_o be_v but_o of_o late_a year_n advance_v from_o eleven_o to_o twelve_o for_o one_o 1611._o an._n 1611._o that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o eleven_o ounce_n of_o silver_n to_o twelve_o ounce_n of_o silver_n for_o one_o ounce_n of_o gold_n be_v continual_o transport_v in_o return_n of_o the_o say_v foreign_a commodity_n the_o exchange_n not_o answer_v the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o gold_n so_o that_o now_o when_o our_o gold_n be_v yet_o more_o advance_v the_o silver_n be_v thereby_o more_o abate_v in_o price_n give_v 13_o â…•_n for_o one_o and_o therefore_o no_o marvel_n that_o gold_n be_v import_v unto_o we_o and_o silver_n be_v export_v there_o be_v a_o gain_n of_o above_o ten_o and_o twelve_o pro_fw-la cent_n and_o this_o loss_n of_o silver_n far_o exceed_v the_o gold_n in_o value_n because_o in_o quantity_n there_o be_v in_o the_o world_n 500_o of_o silver_n to_o one_o of_o gold_n extant_a silver_n be_v 500_o to_o one_o in_o quantity_n by_o weight_n extant_a and_o if_o any_o silver_n by_o accident_n be_v import_v it_o be_v export_v again_o for_o the_o east-indies_n and_o other_o place_n they_o give_v more_o for_o it_o than_o the_o price_n of_o our_o mint_n for_o gain_n be_v the_o commander_n of_o all_o the_o proportion_n use_v within_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n be_v as_o follow_v in_o the_o low-countries_n they_o do_v reckon_v two_o philip_n dollar_n for_o the_o emperor_n royal_a of_o gold_n whereby_o one_o mark_n of_o gold_n do_v countervail_v eleven_o mark_n of_o silver_n be_v eleven_o to_o one_o in_o the_o pound_n according_o in_o spain_n one_o mark_n of_o gold_n be_v value_v at_o 53_o ½_n pesos_n every_o peso_fw-mi 450_o maluedeis_fw-la and_o every_o mark_n of_o silver_n 2250_o maluedeis_fw-la make_v the_o mark_n of_o gold_n to_o be_v but_o 10_o â…”_n value_v by_o silver_n but_o the_o spanish_a pistolet_n of_o twenty_o two_o carrat_n fine_a to_o eleven_o royal_n be_v eleven_o of_o silver_n
have_v spend_v time_n labour_n and_o no_o small_a charge_n in_o hope_n that_o hereafter_o it_o may_v do_v good_a to_o the_o public_a house_n pawn_v house_n if_o some_o divine_a be_v move_v to_o further_a it_o the_o first_o be_v according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o amsterdam_n to_o which_o end_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o petition_n of_o honest_a and_o religious_a man_n his_o majesty_n subject_n be_v as_o follow_v first_o that_o authority_n be_v give_v to_o a._n b._n to_o erect_v pawne-house_n in_o all_o convenient_a place_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o the_o dominion_n of_o wales_n for_o and_o during_o the_o term_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o all_o person_n and_o person_n shall_v and_o may_v have_v at_o all_o convenient_a time_n money_n upon_o pawn_n of_o or_o upon_o all_o movable_a good_n chattel_n and_o lease_n or_o any_o thing_n which_o shall_v be_v agree_v upon_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o by_o the_o year_n that_o the_o undertaker_n may_v be_v authorise_v or_o licence_v to_o take_v for_o the_o attendance_n labour_n and_o pain_n recompense_n of_o officer_n and_o servant_n wage_n house-rent_n and_o all_o other_o charge_v incident_a thereunto_o as_o follow_v for_o register_n and_o keep_n of_o all_o pawn_n that_o do_v amount_v to_o fifty_o pound_n or_o more_o one_o farthing_n for_o every_o pound_n by_o the_o month_n for_o all_o pawn_n that_o do_v amount_v to_o ten_o pound_n or_o more_o until_o fifty_o pound_n for_o every_o pound_n one_o half_a penny_n by_o the_o month_n for_o all_o pawn_n that_o do_v not_o amount_v to_o ten_o pound_n for_o every_o pound_n one_o penny_n by_o the_o month_n for_o every_o bill_n give_v for_o pawn_n under_o ten_o pound_n one_o penny_n and_o be_v of_o ten_o pound_n or_o above_o whatsoever_o it_o come_v unto_o but_o two_o penny_n with_o such_o clause_n condition_n and_o caution_n as_o shall_v be_v requisite_a for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o say_a undertaker_n and_o agreeable_a with_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n pay_v unto_o the_o king_n majesty_n a_o reasonable_a sum_n of_o money_n yearly_a etc._n etc._n the_o say_v allowance_n be_v inferior_a to_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n his_o law_n and_o will_v be_v find_v very_o reasonable_a consider_v that_o by_o the_o toleration_n of_o usury_n politic_a man_n can_v deliver_v their_o money_n in_o very_a great_a sum_n at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o free_o and_o without_o such_o trouble_n chap._n xiii_o of_o mons_fw-la pietatis_fw-la or_o bank_n of_o charity_n the_o second_o mean_a to_o suppress_v the_o bite_a usury_n of_o extortion_n upon_o the_o common_a people_n be_v by_o provide_v a_o course_n that_o they_o may_v have_v money_n upon_o pawn_n without_o pay_v any_o interest_n or_o usury_n for_o the_o loan_n of_o it_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o bridge_n in_o flanders_n which_o be_v more_o please_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o universal_a as_o the_o pawn_n house_n be_v where_o great_a sum_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o accommodate_v merchant_n and_o all_o man_n to_o prevent_v the_o general_a abuse_n albeit_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o extortion_n upon_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n be_v more_o heinous_a and_o detestable_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o that_o take_v usury_n of_o the_o poor_a be_v more_o punish_v than_o he_o that_o do_v steal_v from_o the_o rich_a as_o be_v before_o declare_v in_o italy_n there_o be_v montes_n pietatis_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v mount_n or_o bank_n of_o charity_n place_n where_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v by_o legacy_n give_v for_o relief_n of_o the_o poor_a to_o borrow_v upon_o pawn_n and_o to_o pay_v only_o after_o three_o or_o four_o in_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o most_o to_o maintain_v the_o officer_n and_o to_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o such_o a_o erect_a mount_n for_o ever_o but_o the_o manner_n of_o bridge_n as_o aforesaid_a may_v be_v think_v more_o reasonable_a pay_v the_o officer_n out_o of_o the_o contribution_n which_o by_o their_o mean_n may_v be_v much_o increase_v according_a to_o the_o order_n which_o be_v hereafter_o declare_v usury_n money_n to_o be_v give_v to_o suppress_v usury_n for_o every_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o give_v for_o the_o suppression_n of_o intolerable_a and_o abominable_a usury_n the_o rich_a that_o be_v charitable_o dispose_v will_v give_v because_o usury_n politic_a shall_v not_o be_v bite_v the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n will_v be_v contributory_a because_o of_o the_o commodiousnes_n of_o it_o for_o who_o will_v not_o give_v six_o penny_n or_o twelve_o penny_n every_o quarter_n of_o the_o year_n when_o he_o may_v borrow_v a_o reasonable_a sum_n of_o money_n without_o pay_v any_o use_n for_o it_o for_o one_o year_n or_o a_o long_a time_n according_a to_o occasion_n i_o be_o sure_a of_o most_o man_n inclination_n by_o a_o attempt_n make_v of_o the_o practice_n hereof_o some_o year_n since_o for_o after_o the_o name_n take_v of_o above_o 1500_o person_n that_o be_v willing_a to_o contribute_v yearly_a and_o some_o divine_n and_o other_o that_o will_v lend_v free_o 50_o will_v 100_o will_v or_o more_o for_o some_o year_n and_o some_o 500_o will_v i_o make_v a_o alphabetical_a register_n of_o they_o which_o be_v deliver_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o great_a personage_n who_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o worthy_a of_o the_o honour_n thereof_o but_o to_o my_o remembrance_n it_o amount_v to_o some_o 2000_o will_v for_o money_n give_v and_o to_o be_v lend_v and_o above_o six_o hundred_o pound_n yearly_a during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o benefactor_n so_o that_o no_o man_n have_v cause_n to_o doubt_v of_o the_o collection_n of_o a_o great_a stock_n for_o so_o godly_a a_o work_n if_o authority_n be_v have_v when_o this_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o only_a hope_n and_o surmise_v thereof_o to_o the_o effect_v whereof_o i_o will_v be_v willing_a still_o to_o do_v my_o best_a endeavour_n now_o the_o order_n be_v as_o follow_v order_n to_o be_v observe_v for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o mount_n of_o charity_n consist_v of_o two_o house_n within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o the_o suburb_n thereof_o and_o one_o house_n at_o westminster_n where_o all_o man_n may_v borrow_v money_n in_o small_a sum_n without_o pay_v any_o use_n or_o loan_n for_o the_o same_o upon_o pawn_n to_o be_v deliver_v for_o caution_n or_o security_n of_o the_o say_a money_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o bridge_n in_o flanders_n and_o other_o country_n 1_o imprimis_fw-la that_o all_o man_n of_o what_o quality_n or_o condition_n soever_o they_o be_v be_v destitute_a of_o money_n shall_v have_v money_n at_o all_o convenient_a time_n without_o pay_v any_o use_n or_o loan_n for_o the_o same_o but_o deliver_v only_o a_o pawn_n of_o any_o movable_a thing_n so_o it_o be_v not_o above_o forty_o shilling_n at_o any_o one_o time_n until_o a_o competent_a stock_n be_v raise_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o say_a mount_n of_o charity_n for_o ever_o 2_o item_n whereas_o the_o say_a stock_n be_v raise_v and_o to_o be_v increase_v by_o mean_n of_o charitable_a and_o conscionable_a person_n which_o either_o do_v free_o lend_v money_n without_o take_v interest_n for_o the_o same_o or_o do_v free_o give_v in_o money_n and_o yearly_a contribution_n according_a to_o their_o virtuous_a disposition_n which_o money_n may_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n amount_v to_o a_o notable_a sum_n the_o treasurer_n general_a therefore_o shall_v be_v a_o man_n sufficient_a and_o of_o honest_a behaviour_n careful_a to_o appoint_v swear_v honest_a man_n upon_o surety_n to_o collect_v the_o say_v money_n and_o for_o keep_v of_o the_o pawn_n with_o their_o clerk_n and_o other_o attendant_n and_o the_o surueior_fw-fr of_o account_n shall_v be_v a_o man_n diligent_a and_o skilful_a in_o account_n all_o for_o the_o better_a encouragement_n of_o the_o say_v charitable_a giver_n and_o free_a lender_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o this_o charitable_a work_n 3_o item_n whereas_o the_o like_a house_n call_v saint_n george_n be_v heretofore_o erect_v at_o genova_n in_o italy_n by_o noble_a knight_n bind_v in_o honour_n to_o see_v the_o people_n relieve_v from_o oppression_n bite_v usury_n and_o extortion_n which_o by_o all_o virtuous_a knight_n be_v at_o all_o time_n approve_v and_o commend_v there_o shall_v be_v keep_v one_o pair_n of_o table_n in_o every_o house_n contain_v the_o name_n of_o such_o honourable_a person_n and_o virtuous_a knight_n '_o as_o shall_v be_v yearly_a contributaries_n by_o quarterly_a payment_n during_o their_o natural_a life_n or_o lend_v any_o sum_n of_o money_n gratis_o for_o a_o time_n together_o with_o the_o name_n of_o such_o well_o dispose_v person_n as_o by_o
natural_o and_o lawful_o bear_v within_o this_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n and_o also_o that_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o shall_v and_o may_v from_o henceforth_o by_o the_o same_o authority_n be_v enable_v and_o adjudge_v able_a to_o all_o intent_n and_o construction_n to_o demand_v challenge_v ask_v have_v hold_v and_o enjoy_v land_n tenement_n hereditament_n and_o rent_n as_o heir_n or_o heir_n to_o any_o of_o their_o ancestor_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o descent_n remain_v revert_v or_o come_v to_o they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o by_o any_o other_o lawful_a conveyance_n or_o mean_n whatsoever_o or_o which_o hereafter_o shall_v come_v etc._n etc._n as_o if_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o have_v be_v your_o highness_n natural_a subject_n bear_v and_o to_o hold_v and_o enjoy_v to_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o joint_o and_o several_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n or_o rent_n by_o way_n of_o purchase_n gift_n grant_v or_o otherwise_o of_o any_o person_n or_o person_n to_o all_o construction_n and_o purpose_n as_o though_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o have_v be_v your_o highness_n natural_a bear_v subject_n and_o also_o that_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o from_o henceforth_o may_v and_o shall_v be_v enable_v to_o prosecute_v maintain_v and_o avow_v justify_v and_o defend_v all_o manner_n of_o action_n suit_n plaint_n and_o other_o demand_n whatsoever_o as_o liberal_o frank_o full_o lawful_o sure_o and_o free_o as_o if_o they_o and_o any_o of_o they_o have_v be_v natural_o bear_v within_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n and_o as_o any_o other_o person_n or_o person_n natural_o bear_v within_o the_o same_o may_v in_o any_o wise_a lawful_o do_v any_o act_n law_n statute_n proviso_n custom_n ordinance_n or_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o have_v make_v ordain_v or_o do_v to_o the_o contrary_a in_o any_o wise_n notwithstanding_o and_o your_o petitioner_n shall_v daily_o pray_v for_o your_o royal_a majesty_n long_o in_o honour_n and_o most_o safety_n to_o remain_v over_o us._n this_o petition_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n parliament_n the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o parliament_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o speaker_n of_o the_o parliament_n who_o upon_o the_o second_o read_v in_o the_o commons_o house_n procure_v the_o same_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o certain_a committee_n before_o who_o the_o petitioner_n do_v appear_v and_o after_o examination_n if_o there_o be_v no_o apparent_a cause_n that_o may_v cross_v they_o the_o bill_n be_v return_v into_o the_o parliament_n and_o read_v for_o the_o three_o time_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v of_o all_o act_n and_o then_o it_o be_v carry_v up_o to_o the_o high_a house_n and_o there_o it_o be_v common_o of_o course_n also_o read_v three_o time_n and_o so_o allow_v and_o there_o it_o do_v remain_v until_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o session_n of_o parliament_n and_o then_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n be_v have_v thereunto_o and_o there_o be_v write_v on_o the_o backside_n or_o within_o these_o word_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr le_fw-fr veult_n and_o if_o it_o be_v anâ—_n act_n which_o the_o king_n will_v not_o pass_v the_o clerk_n of_o the_o parliament_n write_v le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr s'aduiser'a_fw-fr which_o be_v a_o clean_a and_o absolute_a refusal_n and_o all_o which_o be_v do_v be_v void_a and_o can_v be_v reviue_v in_o another_o parliament_n without_o to_o begin_v all_o from_o the_o begin_n again_o so_o much_o for_o england_n in_o france_n all_o stranger_n that_o be_v not_o bear_v within_o the_o kingdom_n and_o reside_v or_o dwell_v in_o the_o same_o france_n aubeine_fw-fr in_o france_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o right_n of_o aubain_n so_o call_v tanquam_fw-la alibi_n nati_fw-la for_o after_o their_o death_n if_o they_o be_v not_o naturalize_v the_o king_n do_v seize_v upon_o all_o their_o good_n they_o have_v in_o france_n and_o appropriate_v the_o same_o to_o his_o exchequer_n or_o finance_n without_o that_o the_o say_v stranger_n can_v dispose_v thereof_o by_o testament_n or_o will_n or_o that_o their_o lawful_a heir_n can_v claim_v the_o same_o howbeit_o they_o may_v give_v they_o and_o dispose_v thereof_o while_o they_o live_v by_o contract_n make_v between_o they_o a_o stranger_n also_o not_o dwell_v within_o the_o realm_n yet_o have_v get_v wealth_n or_o mean_n within_o the_o same_o may_v dispose_v of_o it_o unto_o his_o heir_n and_o other_o although_o they_o be_v stranger_n also_o if_o a_o stranger_n travel_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n shall_v chance_v to_o die_v his_o heir_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o good_n which_o he_o have_v leave_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o decease_n in_o france_n but_o when_o a_o stranger_n take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n then_o may_v he_o get_v wealth_n and_o possession_n within_o the_o realm_n lawful_o and_o free_o which_o letter_n of_o naturalisation_n must_v be_v record_v in_o the_o chamber_n of_o account_n upon_o pain_n of_o a_o penalty_n pay_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o lawful_a heir_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o say_v possession_n and_o good_n so_o as_o he_o be_v nature_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o any_o other_o to_o who_o the_o same_o be_v give_v by_o will_n or_o testament_n so_o as_o he_o also_o be_v naturalize_v as_o aforesaid_a but_o mounseur_fw-fr papon_n the_o civilian_n say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o one_o to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o to_o be_v bear_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o it_o must_v be_v also_o of_o a_o woman_n take_v in_o marriage_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o hereupon_o allege_v a_o arrest_n or_o sentence_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n whereby_o a_o cousin_n of_o a_o stranger_n decease_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o sister_n because_o the_o cousin_n be_v bear_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o dwell_v in_o the_o same_o and_o the_o sister_n do_v not_o dwell_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o be_v bear_v in_o another_o country_n albeit_o she_o cause_v herself_o to_o be_v naturalize_v after_o the_o decease_n of_o her_o brother_n whereof_o the_o court_n have_v no_o regard_n because_o the_o good_n by_o succession_n be_v get_v before_o which_o can_v not_o be_v make_v void_a by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n mounseur_fw-fr banquet_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o frenchman_n be_v depart_v the_o kingdom_n for_o to_o dwell_v in_o another_o country_n that_o his_o good_n present_a and_o to_o come_v do_v appertain_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o can_v dispose_v thereof_o by_o will_n or_o testament_n as_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a decree_n of_o parliament_n the_o king_n be_v lord_n of_o all_o vacant_a good_n and_o therefore_o wife_n and_o child_n be_v to_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o purchase_v their_o quietness_n and_o if_o any_o stranger_n bear_v and_o naturalize_v shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n some_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n upon_o especial_a occasion_n or_o otherwise_o he_o be_v at_o his_o return_n to_o take_v new_a letter_n of_o naturalisation_n or_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a by_o some_o approbation_n consideration_n a_o observable_a consideration_n and_o herein_o be_v a_o special_a point_n to_o be_v note_v as_o a_o matter_n of_o record_n that_o those_o of_o flanders_n milan_n and_o the_o french_a county_n of_o savoy_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o dwell_v in_o this_o kingdom_n because_o the_o french_a king_n pretend_v that_o the_o say_v country_n be_v they_o and_o be_v never_o alienate_v by_o any_o conseâ—t_n of_o they_o but_o be_v country_n which_o at_o all_o time_n have_v belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n who_o do_v acknowledge_v the_o subject_n to_o be_v true_a and_o loyal_a frenchman_n but_o it_o be_v requisite_a if_o they_o come_v to_o dwell_v and_o inhabit_v within_o the_o realm_n that_o they_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o the_o end_n the_o officer_n do_v not_o molest_v or_o trouble_v they_o by_o the_o premise_n we_o see_v that_o the_o naturalise_v in_o france_n be_v far_o more_o compulsorie_a for_o merchant_n than_o in_o england_n howbeit_o that_o in_o both_o kingdom_n if_o a_o stranger_n naturalize_v after_o many_o year_n that_o he_o have_v inhabit_v the_o same_o be_v desirous_a to_o return_v to_o his_o father-land_n or_o native_a country_n he_o may_v surrender_v his_o letter_n patent_n and_o be_v discharge_v of_o his_o oath_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xiiii_o of_o the_o determination_n of_o seafaring_a cause_n have_v now_o hitherto_o entreat_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n with_o their_o adjunct_n and_o accident_n and_o therein_o observe_v time_n number_n weight_n and_o measure_n as_o also_o the_o three_o simple_n and_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n with_o their_o effect_n and_o property_n let_v we_o now_o consider_v of_o the_o manner_n and_o method_n of_o the_o proceed_n therein_o to_o see_v by_o what_o mean_v they_o be_v determine_v and_o execute_v
have_v hereunto_o cause_v our_o seal_n to_o be_v put_v give_v at_o paris_n in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n and_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1556_o and_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n sign_v by_o the_o king_n then_o in_o council_n and_o seal_v with_o green_a wax_n with_o red_a and_o green_a silk_n lace_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o several_a country_n whereby_o the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n of_o merchant_n be_v determine_v the_o four_o and_o last_o mean_a to_o end_v the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n happen_v between_o merchant_n and_o other_o in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n be_v the_o imperial_a law_n or_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n where_o the_o merchant_n court_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n be_v not_o establish_v whereof_o the_o merchant_n ought_v not_o to_o beignorant_a so_o that_o in_o the_o description_n of_o they_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o make_v some_o declaration_n for_o the_o merchant_n satisfaction_n appertain_v to_o their_o business_n and_o negotation_n all_o law_n be_v tend_v in_o substance_n to_o the_o uphold_v of_o truth_n maintain_v of_o justice_n to_o defend_v the_o feeble_a from_o the_o mighty_a law_n final_a end_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o suppress_n of_o injury_n and_o to_o root_v out_o the_o wicked_a from_o among_o the_o good_a prescribe_v how_o to_o live_v honest_o to_o hurt_v no_o man_n wilful_o and_o to_o render_v every_o man_n his_o due_a careful_o further_a what_o be_v right_a and_o prohibit_v what_o be_v wrong_a summary_o to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ._n what_o you_o will_v have_v man_n to_o do_v unto_o you_o do_v the_o same_o unto_o they_o 6.31_o mat._n 7.21_o luke_n 6.31_o which_o alexander_n severus_n the_o emperor_n do_v express_v thus_o that_o which_o you_o will_v not_o have_v do_v unto_o thou_o do_v not_o unto_o other_o and_o to_o this_o purpose_n let_v we_o note_v three_o sort_n of_o law_n namely_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n who_o virtue_n be_v alone_o nature_n law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o same_o every_o way_n in_o all_o or_o rather_o a_o very_a notice_n of_o god_n law_n ingraff_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o consist_v of_o custom_n manner_n nation_n law_n of_o nation_n and_o prescription_n be_v of_o like_a condition_n to_o all_o people_n as_o we_o have_v before_o declare_v the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v a_o abridgement_n law_n civil_a law_n derogate_a many_o illicentious_a custom_n which_o grow_v by_o perverseness_n and_o corruptness_n of_o nature_n and_o be_v term_v peculiar_a use_v by_o one_o kind_n of_o people_n call_v the_o the_o imperial_a law_n out_o of_o these_o be_v the_o common-law_n of_o england_n make_v whereof_o we_o be_v now_o first_o to_o entreat_v and_o therein_o to_o be_v somewhat_o prolix_a for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o merchant_n the_o rather_o because_o the_o law_n do_v bind_v all_o man_n to_o knowledge_n obedience_n obedience_n the_o law_n bind_v all_o man_n to_o knowledge_n and_o obedience_n and_o punishment_n for_o indeed_o no_o man_n may_v break_v they_o no_o man_n may_v be_v ignorant_a of_o they_o and_o last_o no_o man_n may_v judge_v of_o they_o but_o according_a to_o they_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o judex_n be_v take_v à _fw-la iudicio_fw-la non_fw-la iudicium_fw-la à _fw-la judice_fw-la and_o more_o especial_o because_o this_o book_n as_o you_o may_v find_v be_v more_o exact_o calculate_v as_o the_o prognosticator_n say_v for_o the_o meridian_n of_o england_n howbeit_o it_o may_v serve_v for_o all_o other_o country_n and_o place_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n of_o the_o common-lawe_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o common-law_n of_o england_n be_v take_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n viz._n 1_o as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n dissever_v from_o all_o other_o law_n student_n the_o treatise_n of_o doctor_n and_o student_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o often_o argue_v in_o the_o law_n what_o matter_n ought_v of_o right_a to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o common-law_n or_o what_o by_o the_o admiralty_n court_n or_o by_o the_o spiritual_a court_n 2_o the_o common-law_n be_v take_v as_o the_o king_n court_n of_o king_n bench_n or_o common_a plea_n 3_o by_o the_o common-law_n be_v understand_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v law_n before_o any_o statute_n make_v in_o that_o point_n that_o be_v in_o question_n whereby_o that_o point_n be_v hold_v for_o law_n by_o the_o general_a and_o particular_a custom_n and_o maxim_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n whereunto_o the_o king_n of_o england_n at_o their_o coronation_n do_v take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o observe_v the_o same_o and_o all_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o england_n successive_o ever_o observe_v england_n five_o nation_n in_o england_n namely_o britain_n roman_n and_o then_o britain_n again_o and_o than_o saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n law_n commendation_n of_o the_o common_a law_n now_o whereas_o the_o law-merchant_n require_v brevity_n and_o expedition_n all_o man_n of_o judgement_n will_v confess_v that_o have_v see_v many_o devise_n edict_n and_o ordinance_n how_o to_o abridge_v process_n and_o to_o find_v how_o long_a suit_n in_o law_n may_v be_v make_v short_a they_o never_o perceive_v find_v nor_o read_v as_o yet_o so_o just_a and_o so_o well_o devise_v a_o mean_a find_v out_o as_o this_o by_o any_o man_n in_o europe_n albeit_o that_o the_o shortness_n thereof_o be_v such_o that_o if_o a_o man_n have_v many_o peremptory_a exception_n common-law_n peremptorinesse_n of_o the_o common-law_n which_o can_v make_v the_o state_n or_o issue_n of_o his_o cause_n he_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o choose_v one_o exception_n whereupon_o to_o found_v his_o issue_n which_o choose_v if_o he_o fail_v by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n he_o lose_v his_o action_n and_o cause_n and_o the_o rest_n can_v 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this_o exchange_n than_o any_o other_o prince_n because_o god_n have_v so_o bless_v england_n that_o no_o nation_n of_o christendom_n traffick_v so_o much_o in_o bulk_n of_o staple_n commodity_n as_o this_o realm_n which_o boter_n though_o altogether_o spanish_a in_o time_n past_a and_o no_o friend_n to_o england_n confess_v that_o two_o year_n before_o the_o take_n of_o antuerp_n 1584._o an._n 1584._o all_o the_o ware_n of_o christendom_n be_v value_v and_o sum_v by_o the_o officer_n of_o that_o city_n which_o be_v vent_v there_o in_o one_o year_n the_o whole_a be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n the_o english_a amount_v to_o four_o part_n thereof_o which_o be_v the_o cause_n also_o that_o england_n have_v the_o head_n of_o exchange_n exchange_n the_o basis_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v our_o basis_n and_o foundation_n of_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a whereupon_o most_o exchange_n be_v make_v and_o this_o head_n may_v command_v the_o member_n and_o part_n of_o the_o body_n 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they_o famous_a according_a to_o the_o proverb_n nascimur_fw-la poetae_fw-la fimus_fw-la oratores_fw-la but_o now_o art_n step_v in_o rhetorica_fw-la rhetorica_fw-la and_o claim_v the_o honour_n of_o rhetoric_n as_o devise_v by_o she_o with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o facundity_n and_o fluency_n of_o speech_n and_o be_v call_v ornatus_fw-la persuasio_fw-la whereunto_o the_o celerity_n of_o wit_n occur_v say_v soft_a sir_n do_v not_o take_v i_o to_o be_v all_o wit_n without_o wisdom_n like_v unto_o tree_n full_a of_o fair_a leaf_n without_o fruit_n arithmetica_fw-la arithmetica_fw-la for_o lo_o yonder_o come_v arithmetic_n which_o be_v the_o original_n and_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o seven_o liberal_a science_n or_o art_n without_o which_o none_o of_o they_o can_v subsist_v her_o poesy_n be_v par_n &_o impar_fw-la this_o foundation_n be_v lay_v by_o i_o among_o the_o heathen_n and_o unlearned_a creature_n of_o america_n and_o other_o country_n to_o demonstrate_v number_n by_o finger_n and_o toe_n tell_v two_o three_o four_o and_o so_o to_o ten_o than_o ten_o and_o one_o and_o ten_o and_o two_o and_o so_o forth_o still_o make_v sign_n as_o they_o speak_v and_o when_o they_o will_v reckon_v twenty_o they_o will_v hold_v down_o both_o their_o hand_n to_o their_o foot_n show_v all_o their_o finger_n and_o toe_n and_o as_o the_o number_n be_v great_a so_o will_v they_o double_v and_o augment_v the_o sign_n observe_v the_o same_o by_o a_o little_a bundle_n of_o stick_n lay_v or_o tie_v together_o and_o separate_v a_o sunder_o observe_v thereby_o their_o payment_n and_o promise_n according_a to_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n this_o be_v that_o account_v by_o score_n yet_o use_v whereof_o their_o arithmetic_n give_v denomination_n before_o any_o of_o the_o say_a art_n be_v invent_v and_o this_o be_v proper_o to_o be_v attribute_v unto_o i_o ab_fw-la origine_fw-la for_o i_o have_v note_v that_o in_o thing_n create_v and_o engender_v the_o element_n be_v