enemy_n there_o be_v no_o end_n for_o the_o war_n will_v continue_v by_o a_o perpetual_a subdivision_n and_o when_o it_o end_v they_o will_v be_v in_o the_o same_o estate_n they_o be_v before_o that_o they_o be_v often_o abuse_v by_o man_n who_o to_o they_o seem_v wise_a when_o then_o their_o wisdom_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o envy_n to_o those_o that_o be_v in_o grace_n and_o in_o profitable_a employment_n and_o that_o those_o man_n do_v but_o abuse_v the_o common_a people_n to_o their_o own_o end_n that_o set_v up_o a_o private_a man_n propriety_n against_o the_o public_a safety_n but_o say_v withal_o that_o the_o king_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n both_o write_a and_o unwritten_a and_o to_o no_o other_o and_o so_o be_v william_n the_o conqueror_n who_o right_a it_o all_o descend_v to_o our_o present_a king_n la._n as_o to_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n which_o be_v equity_n it_o be_v sure_a enough_o there_o be_v but_o one_o legislator_n which_o be_v god_n ph._n it_o follow_v then_o that_o which_o you_o call_v the_o common-law_n distinct_a from_o statute-law_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o law_n of_o god_n la._n in_o some_o sense_n it_o be_v but_o it_o be_v not_o gospel_n but_o natural_a reason_n and_o natural_a equity_n ph._n will_v you_o have_v every_o man_n to_o every_o other_o man_n allege_v for_o law_n his_o own_o particular_a reason_n there_o be_v not_o among_o man_n a_o universal_a reason_n agree_v upon_o in_o any_o nation_n beside_o the_o reason_n of_o he_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n yet_o though_o his_o reason_n be_v but_o the_o reason_n of_o one_o man_n yet_o it_o be_v set_v up_o to_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o that_o universal_a reason_n which_o be_v expound_v to_o we_o by_o our_o saviour_n in_o the_o gospel_n and_o consequent_o our_o king_n be_v to_o we_o the_o legislator_n both_o of_o statute-law_n and_o of_o common-law_n la._n yes_o i_o know_v that_o the_o law_n spiritual_a which_o have_v be_v law_n in_o this_o kingdom_n since_o the_o abolish_n of_o popery_n be_v the_o king_n law_n and_o those_o also_o that_o be_v make_v before_o for_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n be_v no_o law_n neither_o here_o nor_o any_o where_o else_o without_o the_o pope_n temporal_a dominion_n far_o than_o king_n and_o state_n in_o their_o several_a dominion_n respective_o do_v make_v they_o so_o ph._n i_o grant_v that_o but_o you_o must_v grant_v also_o that_o those_o spiritual_a law_n legislator_n of_o the_o spiritual_a law_n and_o yet_o not_o all_o king_n and_o state_n make_v law_n by_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o but_o our_o king_n here_o be_v so_o far_o bind_v to_o their_o assent_n as_o he_o shall_v judge_v conduce_v to_o the_o good_a and_o safety_n of_o his_o people_n for_o example_n if_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o shall_v advise_v he_o to_o restore_v those_o law_n spiritual_a which_o in_o queen_n mary_n time_n be_v in_o force_n i_o think_v the_o king_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n oblige_v without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o law_n of_o god_n to_o neglect_v such_o advice_n la._n i_o grant_v you_o that_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a legislator_n but_o with_o this_o restriction_n that_o if_o he_o will_v not_o consult_v with_o the_o lord_n of_o parliament_n and_o hear_v the_o complaint_n and_o information_n of_o the_o commons_o that_o be_v best_a acquaint_v with_o their_o own_o want_n he_o sin_v against_o god_n though_o he_o can_v be_v compel_v to_o any_o thing_n by_o his_o subject_n by_o arm_n and_o force_n ph._n we_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o already_o since_o therefore_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a legislator_n i_o think_v it_o also_o reason_n he_o shall_v be_v sole_a supreme_a judge_n la._n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n of_o that_o for_o otherwise_o there_o will_v be_v no_o congruity_n of_o judgement_n with_o the_o law_n i_o grant_v also_o that_o he_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n over_o all_o person_n judge_n and_o in_o all_o cause_n civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a within_o his_o own_o dominion_n not_o only_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n at_o this_o time_n but_o that_o he_o have_v ever_o be_v so_o by_o the_o common-law_n for_o the_o judge_n of_o both_o the_o bench_n have_v their_o office_n by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n and_o so_o as_o to_o judicature_n have_v the_o bishop_n also_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n have_v his_o office_n by_o receive_v from_o the_o king_n the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o to_o say_v all_o at_o once_o there_o be_v no_o magistrate_n or_o commissioner_n for_o public_a business_n neither_o of_o judicature_n nor_o execution_n in_o state_n or_o church_n in_o peace_n or_o war_n but_o he_o be_v make_v so_o by_o authority_n from_o the_o king_n ph._n it_o be_v true_a but_o perhaps_o you_o may_v â—â—ink_v otherwise_o when_o you_o read_v such_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o say_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v â—ave_n power_n and_o authority_n to_o do_v this_o or_o that_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o act_n as_o eliz._n c._n 1._o that_o your_o highness_n your_o heir_n and_o successor_n king_n or_o queen_n of_o this_o realm_n shall_v have_v â—â—ll_v power_n and_o authority_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o act_n by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n to_o assign_v etc._n etc._n be_v it_o not_o this_o parliament_n that_o give_v this_o authority_n to_o the_o queen_n la._n for_o the_o statute_n in_o this_o clause_n be_v no_o more_o than_o as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n use_v to_o speak_v a_o affirmance_n of_o the_o common-law_n for_o she_o be_v head_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n may_v make_v commissioner_n for_o the_o deâ—iding_n of_o matter_n ecclesiastical_a as_o free_o â—s_v if_o she_o have_v be_v pope_n who_o do_v you_o know_v pretend_v his_o right_n from_o the_o law_n of_o god_n ph._n we_o have_v hitherto_o speak_v of_o law_n without_o consider_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o essence_n of_o a_o law_n and_o now_o unless_o we_o define_v the_o word_n law_n we_o can_v go_v no_o â—arther_o without_o ambiguity_n and_o fallacy_n which_o will_v be_v but_o loss_n of_o time_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o agreement_n upon_o our_o word_n will_v enlighten_v all_o we_o have_v to_o say_v â—hereafter_o la._n i_o do_v not_o remember_v the_o definition_n of_o law_n in_o any_o statute_n ph._n i_o think_v so_o for_o the_o statute_n be_v make_v by_o authority_n and_o not_o draw_v from_o any_o other_o principle_n than_o the_o care_n of_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n statute_n be_v not_o philosophy_n as_o be_v the_o common-law_n and_o other_o disputable_a art_n but_o be_v command_n or_o prohibition_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v obey_v because_o assent_v to_o by_o submission_n make_v to_o the_o conqueror_n here_o in_o england_n and_o to_o whosoever_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n in_o other_o common_a wealth_n so_o that_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o all_o place_n be_v statute_n the_o definition_n of_o law_n be_v therefore_o unnecessary_a for_o the_o maker_n of_o statute_n though_o very_o necessary_a to_o they_o who_o work_n it_o be_v to_o teach_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n la._n there_o be_v a_o accurate_a definition_n of_o a_o law_n in_o bracton_n cite_v by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n lex_fw-la est_fw-la sanctio_fw-la justa_fw-la jubens_fw-la honesta_fw-la &_o prohibens_fw-la contraria_fw-la ph._n that_o be_v to_o say_v law_n be_v a_o just_a statute_n command_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v honest_a and_o forbid_v the_o contrary_a from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o in_o all_o case_n it_o must_v be_v the_o honesty_n or_o dishonesty_n that_o make_v the_o command_n a_o law_n whereas_o you_o know_v that_o but_o for_o the_o law_n we_o can_v not_o as_o say_v st._n paul_n have_v know_v what_o be_v sin_n therefore_o this_o definition_n be_v no_o ground_n at_o all_o for_o any_o far_a discourse_n of_o law_n beside_o you_o know_v the_o rule_n of_o honest_a and_o dishonest_a refer_v to_o honour_n and_o that_o it_o be_v justice_n only_o and_o injustice_n that_o the_o law_n respect_v but_o that_o which_o i_o most_o except_v against_o in_o this_o definition_n be_v that_o it_o suppose_v that_o a_o statute_n make_v by_o the_o sovereign_a power_n of_o a_o nation_n may_v be_v unjust_a there_o may_v indeed_o in_o a_o statute_n law_n make_v by_o man_n be_v find_v iniquity_n but_o not_o injustice_n la._n this_o be_v somewhat_o subtle_a i_o pray_v deal_v plain_o what_o be_v the_o difference_n between_o injustice_n and_o iniquity_n ph._n i_o pray_v you_o tell_v i_o first_o what_o be_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o a_o court_n of_o equity_n la._n a_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v that_o which_o have_v cognizance_n of_o such_o cause_n as_o be_v to_o be_v end_v by_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o a_o
which_o have_v either_o be_v not_o preserve_v in_o the_o record_n or_o else_o by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n because_o they_o be_v against_o his_o opinion_n not_o allege_v for_o this_o be_v possible_a though_o you_o will_v not_o grant_v it_o to_o be_v very_o likely_a therefore_o i_o insist_v only_o upon_o this_o that_o no_o record_n of_o a_o judgement_n be_v a_o law_n save_v only_o to_o the_o party_n plead_v until_o he_o can_v by_o law_n reverse_v the_o former_a judgement_n and_o as_o to_o the_o proceed_n without_o jury_n by_o two_o sufficient_a witness_n i_o do_v not_o see_v what_o harm_n can_v proceed_v from_o it_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n nor_o consequent_o any_o just_a quarrel_n that_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o common-law_n can_v have_v against_o their_o proceed_n in_o the_o admiralty_n for_o the_o proof_n of_o a_o fact_n in_o both_o court_n lie_v mere_o on_o the_o witness_n and_o the_o difference_n be_v no_o more_o but_o that_o in_o the_o imperial-law_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n judge_v of_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o the_o jury_n do_v in_o a_o court_n of_o common-law_n beside_o if_o a_o court_n of_o common-law_n shall_v chance_v to_o encroach_v upon_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n may_v not_o he_o send_v a_o prohibition_n to_o the_o court_n of_o common-law_n to_o forbid_v their_o proceed_n i_o pray_v you_o tell_v i_o what_o reason_n there_o be_v for_o the_o one_o more_o than_o for_o the_o other_o la._n i_o know_v none_o but_o long_a custom_n for_o i_o think_v it_o be_v never_o do_v ph._n the_o high_a ordinary_a court_n in_o england_n be_v the_o court_n of_o chancery_n wherein_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n or_o otherwise_o keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n be_v the_o only_a judge_n this_o court_n be_v very_a ancient_n as_o appear_v by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n 4_o inst._n p._n 87._o where_o he_o name_v the_o chancellor_n of_o king_n edgar_n king_n etheldred_n king_n edmund_n and_o king_n edward_z the_o confessor_n his_o office_n be_v give_v to_o he_o without_o letter_n patent_n by_o the_o king_n delivery_n to_o he_o of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o whosoever_o have_v the_o keep_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n have_v the_o same_o and_o the_o whole_a jurisdiction_n that_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n ever_o have_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 5_o eliz._n cap._n 18._o wherein_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o such_o be_v and_o always_o have_v be_v the_o common-law_n and_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v he_o have_v his_o name_n of_o chancellor_n from_o the_o high_a point_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n viz._n a_o cancellando_fw-la that_o be_v from_o cancel_v the_o king_n letter_n patent_n by_o draw_v stroke_n through_o it_o like_o a_o lattice_n ph._n very_o pretty_a it_o be_v well_o enough_o know_v that_o cancellarius_n be_v a_o great_a officer_n under_o the_o roman_a empire_n whereof_o this_o island_n be_v once_o a_o member_n and_o that_o the_o office_n come_v into_o this_o kingdom_n either_o with_o or_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o roman_a government_n also_o it_o be_v long_o after_o the_o time_n of_o the_o 12_o caesar_n that_o this_o officer_n be_v create_v in_o the_o state_n of_o rome_n for_o till_o after_o septimius_n severus_n his_o time_n the_o emperor_n do_v diligent_o enough_o take_v cognizance_n of_o cause_n and_o complaint_n for_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o praetor_n which_o be_v in_o rome_n the_o same_o that_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o common-law_n be_v here_o but_o by_o the_o continual_a civil_a war_n in_o aftertime_n for_o the_o choose_n of_o emperor_n that_o diligence_n by_o little_a and_o little_o cease_v and_o afterward_o as_o i_o have_v read_v in_o a_o very_a good_a author_n of_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n the_o number_n of_o complaint_n be_v much_o increase_v and_o be_v more_o than_o the_o emperor_n can_v dispatch_v he_o appoint_v a_o officer_n as_o his_o clerk_n to_o receive_v all_o such_o petition_n and_o that_o this_o clerk_n cause_v a_o partition_n to_o be_v make_v in_o a_o room_n convenient_a in_o which_o partition-wall_n at_o the_o height_n of_o a_o man_n reach_n he_o place_v at_o convenient_a distance_n certain_a bar_n so_o that_o when_o a_o suitor_n come_v to_o deliver_v his_o petition_n to_o the_o clerk_n who_o be_v sometime_o absent_a he_o have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v but_o to_o throw_v in_o his_o petition_n between_o those_o bar_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v proper_o cancelli_fw-la not_o that_o any_o certain_a form_n of_o those_o bar_n or_o any_o bar_n at_o all_o be_v necessary_a for_o they_o may_v have_v be_v throw_v over_o though_o the_o whole_a space_n have_v be_v leave_v open_a but_o because_o they_o be_v cancelli_fw-la the_o clerk_n attendant_z and_o keep_v his_o office_n there_o be_v call_v cancellarius_n and_o any_o court_n bar_n may_v proper_o enough_o be_v call_v cancelli_fw-la which_o do_v not_o signify_v a_o lattice_n for_o that_o be_v but_o a_o mere_a conjecture_n ground_v upon_o no_o history_n nor_o grammar_n but_o take_v up_o at_o first_o as_o be_v likely_a by_o some_o boy_n that_o can_v find_v no_o other_o word_n in_o the_o dictionary_n for_o a_o lattice_n but_o cancelli_fw-la the_o office_n of_o this_o chancellor_n be_v at_o first_o but_o to_o breviate_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o petition_n for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o emperor_n but_o complaint_n increase_a daily_o they_o be_v too_o many_o consider_v other_o business_n more_o necessary_a for_o the_o emperor_n to_o determine_v and_o this_o cause_v the_o emperor_n to_o commit_v the_o determination_n of_o they_o to_o the_o chancellor_n again_o what_o reason_n do_v sir_n edw._n coke_n allege_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o high_a point_n of_o the_o chancellor_n jurisdiction_n be_v to_o cancel_v his_o master_n letter_n patent_n after_o they_o be_v seal_v with_o his_o master_n seal_n unless_o he_o hold_v plea_n concern_v the_o validity_n of_o they_o or_o of_o his_o master_n meaning_n in_o they_o or_o of_o the_o surreptitious_a get_n of_o they_o or_o of_o the_o abuse_n of_o they_o which_o be_v all_o cause_n of_o equity_n also_o see_v the_o chancellor_n have_v his_o office_n only_o by_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n without_o any_o instruction_n or_o limitation_n of_o the_o process_n in_o his_o court_n to_o be_v use_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o all_o cause_n whereof_o he_o have_v the_o hear_n he_o may_v proceed_v by_o such_o manner_n of_o hear_v and_o examine_v of_o witness_n with_o jury_n or_o without_o jury_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a for_o the_o exactness_n expedition_n and_o equity_n of_o the_o decree_n and_o therefore_o if_o he_o think_v the_o custom_n of_o proceed_v by_o jury_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n in_o court_n of_o common-law_n tend_v more_o to_o equity_n which_o be_v the_o scope_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o world_n or_o aught_o to_o be_v he_o ought_v to_o use_v that_o method_n or_o if_o he_o think_v better_o of_o another_o proceed_n he_o may_v use_v it_o if_o it_o be_v not_o forbid_v by_o a_o statute_n la._n as_o for_o this_o reason_v of_o you_o i_o think_v it_o well_o enough_o but_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v have_v also_o a_o reverend_a respect_n to_o custom_n not_o unreasonable_a and_o therefore_o i_o think_v sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v not_o amiss_o that_o in_o such_o case_n where_o the_o chancellor_n will_v proceed_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common-law_n he_o ought_v to_o deliver_v the_o record_n in_o the_o kings-bench_n and_o also_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n to_o take_v care_n of_o not_o exceed_v as_o it_o be_v limit_v by_o statute_n ph._n what_o be_v the_o statute_n by_o which_o his_o jurisdiction_n be_v limit_v i_o know_v that_o by_o the_o 27_o eliz._n cap._n 8._o he_o can_v reverse_v a_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o kings-bench_n for_o debt_n detinue_n etc._n etc._n nor_o before_o the_o statute_n can_v he_o ever_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o office_n reverse_v a_o judgement_n in_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n give_v by_o the_o kings-bench_n that_o have_v the_o cognizance_n of_o such_o plea_n nor_o need_v he_o for_o the_o judge_n themselves_o when_o they_o think_v there_o be_v need_n to_o relieve_v a_o man_n oppress_v by_o ill_a witness_n or_o power_n of_o great_a man_n prevail_v on_o the_o jury_n or_o by_o error_n of_o the_o jury_n though_o it_o be_v in_o case_n of_o felony_n may_v stay_v the_o execution_n and_o inform_v the_o king_n who_o will_v in_o equity_n relieve_v he_o as_o to_o the_o regard_n we_o ought_v to_o have_v to_o custom_n we_o will_v consider_v of_o it_o afterward_o la._n first_o in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v the_o 13_o of_o rich._n 2._o the_o commons_o petition_v the_o king_n that_o neither_o the_o chancellor_n nor_o other_o chancellor_n do_v make_v any_o order_n against_o the_o common-law_n
bishop_n and_o right_o of_o advowsan_n and_o presentation_n belong_v to_o himself_o and_o to_o the_o nobility_n that_o be_v the_o founder_n of_o such_o bishopric_n abbey_n and_o other_o benefice_n and_o he_o enact_v far_o that_o if_o any_o clerk_n which_o he_o or_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n shall_v present_v shall_v be_v disturb_v by_o any_o such_o provisor_n that_o such_o provisor_n or_o disturber_n shall_v be_v attach_v by_o his_o body_n and_o if_o convict_a lie_v in_o prison_n till_o he_o be_v ransom_v at_o the_o king_n will_v and_o have_v satisfy_v the_o party_n grieve_v renouced_a his_o title_n and_o sound_a surety_n not_o to_o sue_v for_o it_o any_o far_o and_o that_o if_o they_o can_v not_o be_v find_v than_o exigent_n shall_v go_v forth_o to_o outlawrie_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o benefice_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v take_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n and_o the_o same_o statute_n be_v confirm_v in_o the_o 27_o year_n of_o king_n ed._n the_o 3d_o which_o statute_n allow_v to_o these_o provisor_n six_o week_n day_n to_o appear_v but_o if_o they_o appear_v before_o they_o be_v outlaw_v they_o shall_v be_v receive_v to_o make_v answer_n but_o if_o they_o render_v not_o themselves_o they_o shall_v forfeit_v all_o their_o land_n good_n and_o chattel_n beside_o that_o they_o stand_v outlaw_v the_o same_o law_n be_v confirm_v again_o by_o 16_o rich._n 2d_o cap._n 5._o in_o which_o be_v add_v because_o these_o provisor_n obtain_v sometime_o from_o the_o pope_n that_o such_o english_a bishop_n as_o according_a to_o the_o law_n be_v institute_v and_o induct_v by_o the_o king_n presentee_n shall_v be_v excommunicate_v that_o for_o this_o also_o both_o they_o and_o the_o receiver_n and_o publisher_n of_o such_o papal_a process_n and_o the_o procurer_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o punishment_n ph._n let_v i_o see_v the_o statute_n itself_o of_o 27_o ed._n 3._o la._n it_o lie_v there_o before_o you_o set_v down_o verbatim_o by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n himself_o both_o in_o english_a and_o french_a ph._n it_o be_v well_o we_o be_v now_o to_o consider_v what_o it_o mean_v and_o whether_o it_o be_v well_o or_o ill_o interpret_v by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n and_o first_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o preamble_n which_o sir_n edw._n coke_n acknowledge_v to_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o the_o statute_n that_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v against_o the_o encroachment_n only_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n upon_o the_o right_n of_o the_o king_n and_o other_o patron_n to_o collate_n bishopric_n and_o other_o benefice_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o against_o the_o power_n of_o the_o court_n spiritual_a to_o hold_v plea_n of_o controversy_n determinable_a in_o any_o of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n or_o to_o reverse_v any_o judgement_n there_o give_v as_o be_v thing_n that_o tend_v to_o the_o disherison_n of_o the_o king_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o common-law_n of_o the_o realm_n always_o use_v put_v the_o case_n now_o that_o a_o man_n have_v procure_v the_o pope_n to_o reverse_v a_o decree_n in_o chancery_n have_v he_o be_v within_o the_o danger_n of_o praemunire_n la._n yes_o certain_o or_o if_o the_o judgement_n have_v be_v give_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n or_o in_o any_o other_o king_n court_n whatsoever_o either_o of_o law_n or_o equity_n for_o court_n of_o equity_n be_v most_o proper_o court_v of_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n because_o equity_n and_o common-law_n as_o sir_n ed._n coke_n say_v be_v all_o one_o ph._n then_o the_o word_n common-law_n be_v not_o in_o this_o preamble_n restrain_v to_o such_o court_n only_o where_o the_o trial_n be_v by_o juries_n but_o comprehend_v all_o the_o king_n temporal_a court_n if_o not_o also_o the_o court_n of_o those_o subject_n that_o be_v lord_n of_o great_a manor_n la._n it_o be_v very_o likely_a yet_o i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o by_o every_o man_n be_v grant_v ph._n the_o statute_n also_o say_v that_o they_o who_o draw_v man_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n in_o plea_n whereof_o the_o cognizance_n pertain_v to_o the_o king_n court_n or_o of_o thing_n whereof_o judgement_n be_v give_v in_o the_o king_n court_n be_v within_o the_o case_n of_o praemunire_n but_o what_o if_o one_o man_n draw_v another_o to_o lambeth_n in_o plea_n whereof_o judgement_n be_v already_o give_v at_o westminster_n be_v he_o by_o this_o clause_n involve_v in_o a_o praemunire_n la._n yes_o for_o though_o it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o the_o realm_n yet_o it_o be_v within_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o statute_n because_o the_o pope_n court_n not_o the_o king_n court_n be_v then_o perhaps_o at_o lambeth_n ph._n but_o in_o sir_n edw._n coke_n time_n the_o king_n court_n be_v at_o lambeth_n and_o not_o the_o pope_n la._n you_o know_v well_o enough_o that_o the_o spiritual-court_n have_v no_o power_n to_o hold_v plea_n of_o common-law_n ph._n i_o do_v so_o but_o i_o know_v not_o for_o what_o cause_n any_o simple_a man_n that_o mistake_v his_o right_a court_n shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o king_n protection_n lose_v his_o inheritance_n and_o all_o his_o good_n personal_a and_o real_a and_o if_o take_v be_v keep_v in_o prison_n all_o his_o life_n this_o statute_n can_v be_v by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n torture_v make_v to_o say_v it_o beside_o such_o man_n be_v ignorant_a in_o what_o court_v they_o be_v to_o seek_v their_o remedy_n and_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n confirm_v by_o perpetual_a usage_n that_o such_o ignorant_a man_n shall_v be_v guide_v by_o their_o council_n at_o law_n it_o be_v manifest_a therefore_o that_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o statute_n intend_v not_o to_o prohibit_v man_n from_o their_o sue_n for_o their_o right_n neither_o in_o the_o chancery_n nor_o in_o the_o admiralty_n nor_o in_o any_o other_o court_n except_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n which_o have_v their_o jurisdiction_n from_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n again_o where_o the_o statute_n say_v which_o do_v sue_v in_o any_o other_o court_n or_o defeat_v a_o judgement_n in_o the_o king_n court_n what_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o another_o court_n another_o court_n than_o what_o be_v it_o here_o mean_v the_o kings-bench_n or_o court_n of_o common-plea_n do_v a_o praemunire_n lie_v for_o every_o man_n that_o sue_v in_o chancery_n for_o that_o which_o may_v be_v remedy_v in_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n or_o can_v a_o praemunire_n lie_v by_o this_o statute_n against_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n the_o statute_n lay_v it_o only_o on_o the_o party_n that_o sue_v not_o upon_o the_o judge_n which_o hold_v the_o plea_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v lay_v neither_o by_o this_o statute_n nor_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 16_o rich._n 2._o upon_o the_o judge_n which_o be_v then_o punishable_a only_o by_o the_o pope_n authority_n see_v then_o the_o party_n sue_v have_v a_o just_a excuse_n upon_o the_o council_n of_o his_o lawyer_n and_o the_o temporal_a judge_n and_o the_o lawyer_n both_o be_v out_o of_o the_o statute_n the_o punishment_n of_o the_o praemunire_n can_v light_v upon_o no_o body_n la._n but_o sir_n edw._n coke_n in_o this_o same_o chapter_n bring_v two_o precedent_n to_o prove_v that_o though_o the_o spiritual-court_n in_o england_n be_v now_o the_o king_n court_n yet_o whosoever_o sue_v in_o they_o for_o any_o thing_n tryable_a by_o the_o common-law_n shall_v fall_v into_o a_o praemunire_n one_o be_v that_o whereas_o in_o the_o 22d_o of_o hen._n 8._o all_o the_o clergy_n of_o england_n in_o a_o convocation_n by_o public_a instrument_n acknowledge_v the_o king_n to_o be_v supreme_a head_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n yet_o after_o this_o viz._n 24_o of_o h._n 8._o this_o statute_n be_v in_o force_n ph._n why_o not_o a_o convocation_n of_o the_o clergy_n can_v not_o alter_v the_o right_n of_o supremacy_n their_o court_n be_v still_o the_o pope_n court_n the_o other_o precedent_n in_o the_o 25_o of_o hen._n 8._o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n may_v have_v the_o same_o answer_n for_o the_o king_n be_v not_o declare_v head_n of_o the_o church_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n till_o the_o 26_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n if_o he_o have_v not_o mistrust_v his_o own_o law_n he_o will_v not_o have_v lay_v hold_v on_o so_o weak_a a_o proof_n as_o these_o precedent_n and_o as_o to_o the_o sentence_n of_o praemunire_n upon_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n neither_o do_v this_o statute_n nor_o that_o other_o of_o r._n 2._o warrant_v it_o he_o be_v sentence_v for_o threaten_v to_o excommunicate_v a_o man_n which_o have_v sue_v another_o before_o the_o mayor_n but_o this_o statute_n forbid_v not_o that_o but_o forbid_v the_o bring_n in_o or_o publish_v of_o excommunication_n or_o other_o process_n from_o rome_n or_o any_o other_o place_n before_o the_o 26_o hen._n 8._o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o for_o a_o
king_n after_o the_o report_n of_o the_o judge_n hear_v give_v the_o sheriff_n command_v to_o do_v it_o four_o that_o the_o general_a verdict_n of_o the_o king_n hinder_v not_o the_o king_n but_o that_o he_o may_v judge_v of_o it_o upon_o the_o special_a matter_n for_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o a_o ill-disposed_a person_n provoke_v a_o man_n with_o word_n or_o otherwise_o on_o purpose_n to_o make_v he_o draw_v his_o sword_n that_o he_o may_v kill_v he_o and_o pretend_v it_o do_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n which_o appear_v the_o king_n may_v without_o any_o offence_n to_o god_n punish_v he_o as_o the_o cause_n shall_v require_v last_o contrary_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o sir_n edw._n coke_n he_o may_v in_o his_o own_o person_n be_v judge_n in_o the_o case_n and_o annul_v the_o verdict_n of_o the_o jury_n which_o a_o depute_a judge_n can_v do_v la._n there_o be_v some_o case_n wherein_o a_o man_n though_o by_o the_o jury_n he_o be_v find_v not_o guilty_a shall_v nevertheless_o forfeit_v his_o good_n and_o chattel_n to_o the_o king_n for_o example_n a_o man_n be_v slay_v and_o one_o a._n hate_v b._n give_v out_o that_o it_o be_v b._n that_o slay_v he_o b._n hear_v thereof_o fear_v if_o he_o be_v try_v for_o it_o that_o through_o the_o great_a power_n of_o a._n and_o other_o that_o seek_v his_o hurt_n he_o shall_v be_v condemn_v fly_v and_o afterward_o be_v take_v and_o try_v and_o upon_o sufficient_a evidence_n be_v by_o the_o jury_n find_v not_o guilty_a yet_o because_o he_o flee_v he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o good_n and_o chattel_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o such_o judgement_n give_v by_o the_o judge_n nor_o appoint_v by_o any_o statute_n but_o the_o law_n itself_o authorise_v the_o sheriff_n to_o seize_v they_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o king_n ph._n i_o see_v no_o reason_n which_o be_v common-law_n for_o it_o and_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v ground_v upon_o no_o statute_n la._n see_v sir_n edw._n coke_n inst._n 1._o sect._n 709._o and_o read_v ph._n if_o a_o man_n that_o be_v innocent_a be_v accuse_v of_o felony_n and_o for_o fear_n fly_v for_o the_o same_o albeit_o that_o he_o be_v judicial_o acquit_v of_o the_o felony_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v find_v that_o he_o flee_v for_o the_o same_o he_o shall_v notwithstanding_o his_o innocence_n forfeit_v all_o his_o good_n and_o chattel_n debt_n and_o duty_n o_o unchristian_a and_o abominable_a doctrine_n which_o also_o he_o in_o his_o own_o word_n follow_v contradict_v for_o say_v he_o as_o to_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o they_o the_o law_n will_v admit_v no_o proof_n against_o the_o presumption_n of_o the_o law_n ground_v upon_o his_o flight_n and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o many_o other_o case_n but_o that_o the_o general_a rule_n be_v quod_fw-la stabitur_fw-la praesumptioni_fw-la donec_fw-la probetur_fw-la in_o contrarium_fw-la but_o you_o see_v it_o have_v many_o exception_n this_o general_a rule_n contradict_v what_o he_o say_v before_o for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o exception_n to_o a_o general_a rule_n in_o law_n that_o be_v not_o express_o make_v a_o exception_n by_o some_o statute_n and_o to_o a_o general_a rule_n of_o equity_n there_o can_v be_v no_o exception_n at_o all_o from_o the_o power_n of_o punish_v let_v we_o proceed_v to_o the_o power_n of_o pardon_v la._n touch_v the_o power_n of_o pardon_v sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v 3_o inst._n p._n 236._o that_o no_o man_n shall_v obtain_v charter_n of_o pardon_n out_o of_o parliament_n and_o cite_v for_o it_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 2._o and_o say_v far_a that_o according_o in_o a_o parliament_n roll_v it_o be_v say_v that_o for_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o land_n it_o will_v help_v that_o no_o pardon_n be_v grant_v but_o by_o parliament_n ph._n what_o lawful_a power_n will_v he_o have_v leave_v to_o the_o king_n that_o thus_o disable_v he_o to_o practise_v mercy_n in_o the_o statute_n which_o he_o cit_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o grant_v charter_n of_o pardon_n but_o in_o parliament_n there_o be_v no_o such_o word_n as_o any_o man_n may_v see_v for_o that_o statute_n be_v in_o print_n and_o that_o which_o he_o say_v be_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_n be_v but_o a_o wish_n of_o he_o tell_v not_o who_o and_o not_o a_o law_n and_o it_o be_v strange_a that_o a_o private_a wish_n shall_v be_v enrol_v among_o act_n of_o parliament_n if_o a_o man_n do_v you_o a_o injury_n to_o who_o think_v you_o belong_v the_o right_a of_o pardon_v it_o la._n doubtless_o to_o i_o alone_o if_o to_o i_o alone_o be_v do_v that_o injury_n and_o to_o the_o king_n alone_o if_o to_o he_o alone_o be_v do_v the_o injury_n and_o to_o both_o together_o if_o the_o injury_n be_v do_v to_o both_o ph._n what_o part_n then_o have_v any_o man_n in_o the_o grant_n of_o a_o pardon_n but_o the_o king_n and_o the_o party_n wrong_v if_o you_o offend_v no_o member_n of_o either_o house_n why_o shall_v you_o ask_v their_o pardon_n it_o be_v possible_a that_o a_o man_n may_v deserve_v a_o pardon_n or_o he_o may_v be_v such_o a_o one_o sometime_o as_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v need_n of_o may_v not_o the_o king_n pardon_v he_o though_o there_o be_v no_o parliament_n then_o sit_v sir_n edw._n coke_n law_n be_v too_o general_a in_o this_o point_n and_o i_o believe_v if_o he_o have_v think_v on_o it_o he_o will_v have_v except_v some_o person_n if_o not_o all_o the_o king_n child_n and_o his_o heir_n apparent_a and_o yet_o they_o be_v all_o his_o subject_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n as_o other_o men._n la._n but_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v grant_v pardon_n of_o murder_n and_o felony_n of_o his_o own_o head_n there_o will_v be_v very_o little_a safety_n for_o any_o man_n either_o out_o of_o his_o house_n or_o in_o it_o either_o by_o night_n or_o by_o day_n and_o for_o that_o very_a cause_n there_o have_v be_v many_o good_a statute_n provide_v which_o forbid_v the_o justice_n to_o allow_v of_o such_o pardon_n as_o do_v not_o special_o name_v the_o crime_n ph._n those_o statute_n i_o confess_v be_v reasonable_a and_o very_o profitable_a which_o forbid_v the_o judge_n to_o pardon_v murder_n but_o what_o statute_n be_v there_o that_o forbid_v the_o king_n to_o do_v it_o there_o be_v a_o statute_n of_o 13_o rich._n 2._o c._n 1._o wherein_o the_o king_n promise_v not_o to_o pardon_v murder_n but_o there_o be_v in_o it_o a_o clause_n for_o the_o save_n of_o the_o king_n regality_n from_o which_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o the_o king_n do_v not_o grant_v away_o that_o power_n when_o he_o think_v good_a to_o use_v it_o for_o the_o commonwealth_n such_o statute_n be_v not_o law_n to_o the_o king_n but_o to_o his_o judge_n and_o though_o the_o judge_n be_v command_v by_o the_o king_n not_o to_o allow_v pardon_n in_o many_o case_n yet_o if_o the_o king_n by_o writing_n command_v the_o judge_n to_o allow_v they_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v it_o i_o think_v if_o the_o king_n think_v in_o his_o conscience_n it_o be_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n he_o sin_v not_o in_o it_o but_o i_o hold_v not_o that_o the_o king_n may_v pardon_v he_o without_o sin_n if_o any_o other_o man_n be_v damnify_v by_o the_o crime_n commit_v unless_o he_o cause_v reparation_n to_o be_v make_v as_o far_o as_o the_o party_n offend_v can_v do_v it_o and_o howsoever_o be_v it_o sin_n or_o not_o sin_n there_o be_v no_o power_n in_o england_n that_o may_v resist_v he_o or_o speak_v evil_a of_o he_o lawful_o la._n sir_n edw._n coke_n deny_v not_o that_o and_o upon_o that_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n he_o say_v may_v pardon_v high_a treason_n for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o high_a treason_n but_o against_o the_o king_n ph._n that_o be_v well_o therefore_o he_o confess_v that_o whatsoever_o the_o offence_n be_v the_o king_n may_v pardon_v so_o much_o of_o it_o as_o be_v a_o injury_n to_o himself_o and_o that_o by_o his_o own_o right_n without_o breach_n of_o any_o law_n positive_a or_o natural_a or_o of_o any_o grant_n if_o his_o conscience_n tell_v he_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o the_o damage_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o you_o know_v that_o to_o judge_v of_o what_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n only_o now_o tell_v i_o what_o it_o be_v which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v pardon_v la._n what_o can_v it_o be_v but_o only_o the_o offence_n if_o a_o man_n have_v do_v a_o murder_n and_o be_v pardon_v for_o the_o same_o be_v it_o not_o the_o murder_n that_o be_v pardon_v ph._n nay_o by_o your_o favour_n if_o a_o man_n be_v pardon_v for_o murder_n or_o any_o other_o offence_n it_o be_v the_o man_n that_o be_v
pardon_v the_o murder_n still_o remain_v murder_n but_o what_o be_v pardon_n la._n pardon_v as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v 3_o inst._n p._n 233_o be_v derive_v of_o per_fw-la and_o dono_fw-la and_o signify_v thorough_o to_o remit_v ph._n if_o the_o king_n remit_v the_o murder_n and_o not_o pardon_v the_o man_n that_o do_v it_o what_o do_v the_o remission_n serve_v for_o la._n you_o know_v well_o enough_o that_o when_o we_o say_v a_o murder_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o be_v pardon_v all_o englishman_n understand_v thereby_o that_o the_o punishment_n due_a to_o the_o offence_n be_v the_o thing_n remit_v ph._n but_o for_o our_o understanding_n of_o one_o another_o you_o ought_v to_o have_v say_v so_o at_o first_o i_o understand_v now_o that_o to_o pardon_v murder_n or_o felony_n be_v thorough_o to_o save_v the_o offender_n from_o all_o the_o punishment_n due_a unto_o he_o by_o the_o law_n for_o his_o offence_n la._n not_o so_o for_o sir_n edw._n coke_n in_o the_o same_o chapter_n p._n 238._o say_v thus_o a_o man_n commit_v felony_n and_o be_v attaint_v thereof_o or_o be_v abjure_v the_o king_n pardon_v the_o felony_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o attainder_n or_o abjuration_n the_o pardon_n be_v void_a ph._n what_o be_v it_o to_o be_v attaint_v la._n to_o be_v attaint_v be_v that_o his_o blood_n be_v hold_v in_o law_n as_o stain_v and_o corrupt_v so_o that_o no_o inheritance_n can_v descend_v from_o he_o to_o his_o child_n or_o to_o any_o that_o make_v claim_v by_o he_o ph._n be_v this_o attaint_n a_o part_n of_o the_o crime_n or_o of_o the_o punishment_n la._n it_o can_v be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o crime_n because_o it_o be_v none_o of_o his_o own_o act_n it_o be_v therefore_o a_o part_n of_o the_o punishment_n viz._n a_o disherison_n of_o the_o offender_n ph._n if_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o punishment_n due_a and_o yet_o not_o pardon_v together_o with_o the_o rest_n then_o a_o pardon_n be_v not_o a_o through_o remit_v of_o the_o punishment_n as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v it_o be_v and_o what_o be_v abjuration_n la._n when_o a_o clerk_n heretofore_o be_v convict_v of_o felony_n he_o may_v have_v save_v his_o life_n by_o abjure_v the_o realm_n that_o be_v by_o depart_v the_o realm_n within_o a_o certain_a time_n appoint_v and_o take_v a_o oath_n never_o to_o return_v but_o at_o this_o day_n all_o statute_n for_o abjuration_n be_v repeal_v ph._n that_o also_o be_v a_o punishment_n and_o by_o a_o pardon_n of_o the_o felony_n pardon_v unless_o a_o statute_n be_v in_o force_n to_o the_o contrary_n there_o be_v also_o somewhat_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o 13_o rich._n 2._o c._n 1._o concern_v the_o allowance_n of_o charter_n of_o pardon_n which_o i_o understand_v not_o well_o the_o word_n be_v these_o no_o charter_n of_o pardon_n for_o henceforth_o shall_v be_v allow_v before_o our_o justice_n for_o murder_n or_o for_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n by_o awayt_n or_o malice_n prepensed_a treason_n or_o rape_n of_o a_o woman_n unless_o the_o same_o be_v specify_v in_o the_o same_o charter_n for_o i_o think_v it_o follow_v thence_o that_o if_o the_o king_n say_v in_o his_o charter_n that_o he_o pardon_v the_o murder_n than_o he_o break_v not_o the_o statute_n because_o he_o specify_v the_o offence_n or_o if_o he_o say_v he_o pardon_v the_o kill_n by_o awayt_n or_o of_o malice_n prepense_a he_o break_v not_o the_o statute_n he_o specify_v the_o offence_n also_o if_o he_o say_v so_o much_o as_o that_o the_o judge_n can_v doubt_v of_o the_o king_n meaning_n to_o pardon_v he_o i_o think_v the_o judge_n ought_v to_o allow_v it_o because_o the_o statute_n save_v the_o king_n liberty_n and_o regality_n in_o that_o point_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o power_n to_o pardon_v he_o such_o as_o be_v these_o word_n notwithstanding_o any_o statute_n to_o the_o contrary_a be_v sufficient_a to_o cause_v the_o charter_n to_o be_v allow_v for_o these_o word_n make_v it_o manifest_a that_o the_o charter_n be_v not_o grant_v upon_o surprise_n but_o to_o maintain_v and_o claim_v the_o king_n liberty_n and_o power_n to_o show_v mercy_n when_o he_o see_v cause_n the_o like_a meaning_n have_v these_o word_n perdonavimus_fw-la omnimodam_fw-la interfectionem_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v we_o have_v pardon_v the_o kill_n in_o what_o manner_n soever_o it_o be_v do_v but_o here_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o the_o king_n can_v pardon_v without_o sin_n any_o damage_n thereby_o do_v to_o another_o man_n unless_o he_o cause_v satisfaction_n to_o be_v make_v as_o far_o as_o possible_o the_o offender_n can_v but_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o satisfy_v man_n thirst_n of_o revenge_n for_o all_o revenge_n ought_v to_o proceed_v from_o god_n and_o under_o god_n from_o the_o king_n now_o beside_o in_o charter_n how_o be_v these_o offence_n specify_v la._n they_o be_v specify_v by_o their_o name_n as_o treason_n petit_fw-fr treason_n murder_n rape_n felony_n and_o the_o like_a ph._n petit_fw-fr treason_n be_v felony_n murder_n be_v felony_n so_o be_v rape_n robbery_n and_o theft_n and_o as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v petit_n larceny_n be_v felony_n now_o if_o in_o a_o parliament-pardon_n or_o in_o a_o coronation-pardon_n all_o felony_n be_v pardon_v whether_o be_v petit_fw-fr larceny_n pardon_v or_o not_o la._n yes_o certain_o it_o be_v pardon_v ph._n and_o yet_o you_o see_v it_o be_v not_o specify_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o crime_n that_o have_v less_o in_o it_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o felony_n than_o there_o be_v in_o robbery_n do_v not_o therefore_o rape_n robbery_n theft_n pass_v under_o the_o pardon_n of_o all_o felony_n la._n i_o think_v they_o be_v all_o pardon_v by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n but_o those_o that_o be_v by_o the_o same_o statute_n except_v so_o that_o specification_n be_v needful_a only_o in_o charter_n of_o pardon_n but_o in_o general_a pardon_n not_o so_o for_o the_o statute_n 13_o rich._n 2._o cap._n 1._o forbid_v not_o the_o allowance_n of_o parliament-pardon_n or_o coronation-pardon_n and_o therefore_o the_o offence_n pardon_v need_v not_o be_v specify_v but_o may_v pass_v under_o the_o general_a word_n of_o all_o felony_n nor_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o the_o member_n of_o the_o parliament_n who_o draw_v up_o their_o own_o pardon_n do_v not_o mean_a to_o make_v they_o as_o comprehensive_a as_o they_o can_v and_o yet_o sir_n edw._n coke_n 2_o inst._n sect._n 745._o at_o the_o word_n felony_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o another_o mind_n for_o piracy_n be_v one_o species_n of_o felony_n and_o yet_o when_o certain_a englishman_n have_v commit_v piracy_n in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o come_v home_o into_o england_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n trust_v to_o his_o coronation-pardon_n of_o all_o felony_n they_o be_v indict_v sir_n edw._n coke_n be_v then_o attorney_n general_n of_o the_o piracy_n before_o commissioner_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o 28_o h._n 8._o and_o be_v find_v guilty_a be_v hang_v the_o reason_n he_o allege_v for_o it_o be_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v specify_v by_o the_o name_n of_o piracy_n in_o the_o pardon_n and_o therefore_o the_o pardon_n be_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v ph._n why_o ought_v it_o to_o have_v be_v specify_v more_o than_o any_o other_o felony_n he_o shall_v therefore_o have_v draw_v his_o argument_n from_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n la._n also_o he_o do_v that_o for_o the_o trial_n he_o say_v be_v by_o the_o common-law_n and_o before_o commissioner_n not_o in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n by_o the_o civil-law_n therefore_o he_o say_v it_o be_v a_o offence_n whereof_o the_o common-law_n can_v not_o take_v notice_n because_o it_o can_v not_o be_v try_v by_o twelve_o men._n ph._n if_o the_o common-law_n can_v not_o or_o ought_v not_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o such_o offence_n how_o can_v the_o offender_n be_v try_v by_o twelve_o man_n and_o find_v guilty_a and_o hang_v as_o they_o be_v if_o the_o common-law_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o piracy_n what_o other_o offence_n be_v it_o for_o which_o they_o be_v hang_v be_v piracy_n two_o felony_n for_o one_o of_o which_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v hang_v by_o the_o civil-law_n and_o for_o the_o other_o by_o the_o common-law_n true_o i_o never_o read_v weak_a reason_n in_o any_o author_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n than_o in_o sir_n edw._n coke_n institutes_n how_o well_o soever_o he_o can_v plead_v la._n though_o i_o have_v hear_v he_o much_o reprehend_v by_o other_o as_o well_o as_o by_o you_o yet_o there_o be_v many_o excellent_a thing_n both_o for_o subtlety_n and_o for_o truth_n in_o these_o his_o institutes_n ph._n no_o better_a thing_n than_o other_o lawyer_n have_v that_o write_v of_o the_o law_n as_o of_o a_o science_n his_o
court_n of_o equity_n in_o that_o to_o which_o belong_v such_o cause_n as_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o equity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n ph._n you_o see_v then_o that_o the_o difference_n between_o injustice_n and_o iniquity_n be_v this_o that_o injustice_n be_v the_o transgression_n of_o a_o statute-law_n and_o iniquity_n the_o transgression_n of_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n and_o that_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o law_n be_v court_n of_o justice_n because_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o statute-law_n be_v iniquity_n and_o injustice_n also_o but_o perhaps_o you_o mean_v by_o common-law_n not_o the_o law_n itself_o but_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o the_o law_n as_o to_o matter_n of_o fact_n by_o 12_o man_n freeholder_n though_o those_o 12_o man_n be_v no_o court_n of_o equity_n nor_o of_o justice_n because_o they_o determine_v not_o what_o be_v just_a or_o unjust_a but_o only_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v or_o not_o do_v and_o their_o judgement_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o confirmation_n of_o that_o which_o be_v proper_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o witness_n for_o to_o speak_v exact_o there_o can_v possible_o be_v any_o judge_n of_o fact_n beside_o the_o witness_n la._n how_o will_v you_o have_v a_o law_n define_v ph._n thus_o a_o law_n be_v the_o command_n of_o he_o or_o they_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n give_v to_o those_o that_o be_v he_o or_o their_o subject_n declare_v public_o and_o plain_o what_o every_o of_o they_o may_v do_v and_o what_o they_o must_v forbear_v to_o do_v la._n see_v all_o judge_n in_o all_o court_v aught_o to_o judge_n according_a to_o equity_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n a_o distinct_a court_n of_o equity_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v unnecessary_a and_o but_o a_o burden_n to_o the_o people_n since_o common-law_n and_o equity_n be_v the_o same_o law_n ph._n it_o be_v so_o indeed_o if_o judge_n can_v not_o err_v but_o since_o they_o may_v err_v and_o that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o any_o other_o law_n but_o that_o of_o equity_n it_o belong_v to_o he_o alone_o to_o give_v remedy_n to_o they_o that_o by_o the_o ignorance_n or_o corruption_n of_o a_o judge_n shall_v suffer_v damage_n la._n by_o your_o definition_n of_o a_o law_n the_o king_n proclamation_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n be_v a_o law_n for_o it_o be_v a_o command_n and_o public_a and_o of_o the_o sovereign_n to_o his_o subject_n ph._n why_o not_o if_o he_o think_v it_o necessary_a for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o subject_n for_o this_o be_v a_o maxim_n at_o the_o common-law_n allege_v by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n himself_o 1_o inst._n sect._n 306._o quando_fw-la lex_fw-la aliquid_fw-la concedit_fw-la concedere_fw-la videtur_fw-la &_o id_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la devenitur_fw-la ad_fw-la illud_fw-la and_o you_o know_v out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n that_o divers_a king_n of_o â—ngland_n have_v often_o to_o the_o petition_n in_o parliament_n which_o they_o grant_v annex_v such_o exception_n as_o these_o unless_o there_o be_v necessity_n save_v our_o regality_n which_o i_o think_v shall_v be_v always_o understand_v though_o they_o be_v not_o express_v and_o be_v understand_v so_o by_o common_a lawyer_n who_o agree_v that_o the_o king_n may_v recall_v any_o grant_n wherein_o he_o be_v deceive_v la._n again_o whereas_o you_o make_v it_o of_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o law_n to_o be_v public_o and_o plain_o declare_v to_o the_o people_n i_o see_v no_o necessity_n for_o that_o be_v not_o all_o subject_n bind_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n when_o no_o act_n can_v pass_v without_o their_o consent_n ph._n if_o you_o have_v say_v that_o no_o act_n can_v pass_v without_o their_o knowledge_n than_o indeed_o they_o have_v be_v bind_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o they_o but_o none_o can_v have_v knowledge_n of_o they_o but_o the_o member_n of_o the_o house_n of_o parliament_n therefore_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n be_v excuse_v or_o else_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o furnish_v people_n with_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o copy_n at_o the_o people_n charge_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n at_o their_o return_n into_o the_o country_n that_o every_o man_n may_v resort_v to_o they_o and_o by_o themselves_o or_o friend_n take_v notice_n of_o what_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o for_o otherwise_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v be_v obey_v and_o that_o no_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v a_o thing_n impossible_a be_v one_o of_o sir_n edw._n coke_n maxim_n at_o the_o common-law_n i_o know_v that_o most_o of_o the_o statute_n be_v print_v but_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o every_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o buy_v the_o book_n of_o statute_n nor_o to_o search_v for_o they_o at_o westminster_n or_o at_o the_o tower_n nor_o to_o understand_v the_o language_n wherein_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n write_v la._n i_o grant_v it_o proceed_v from_o their_o own_o fault_n but_o no_o man_n can_v be_v excuse_v by_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o ignorance_n of_o the_o common-law_n except_o child_n madman_n and_o idiot_n but_o you_o exact_v such_o a_o notice_n of_o the_o statute-law_n as_o be_v almost_o impossible_a be_v it_o not_o enough_o that_o they_o in_o all_o place_n have_v a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o the_o penal_a statute_n ph._n yes_o if_o they_o have_v those_o penal_a statute_n near_o they_o but_o what_o reason_n can_v you_o give_v i_o why_o there_o shall_v not_o be_v as_o many_o copy_n abroad_o of_o the_o statute_n as_o there_o be_v of_o the_o bible_n la._n i_o think_v it_o be_v well_o that_o every_o man_n that_o can_v read_v have_v a_o statute-book_n for_o certain_o no_o knowledge_n of_o those_o law_n by_o which_o man_n life_n and_o fortune_n can_v be_v bring_v into_o danger_n can_v be_v too_o much_o i_o find_v a_o great_a fault_n in_o your_o definition_n of_o law_n which_o be_v that_o every_o law_n either_o forbid_v or_o command_v something_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o moral-law_n be_v always_o a_o command_n or_o a_o prohibition_n or_o at_o least_o imply_v it_o but_o in_o the_o levitical-law_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o that_o steal_v a_o sheep_n shall_v restore_v four_o fold_n what_o command_n or_o prohibition_n lie_v in_o these_o word_n ph._n such_o sentence_n as_o that_o be_v not_o in_o themselves_o general_n but_o judgement_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v in_o those_o word_n imply_v a_o commandment_n to_o the_o judge_n to_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v a_o fourfold_a restitution_n la._n that_o be_v right_a ph._n now_o define_v what_o justice_n be_v and_o what_o action_n and_o man_n be_v to_o be_v call_v just._n la._n justice_n be_v the_o constant_a will_n of_o give_v to_o every_o man_n his_o own_o that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o give_v to_o every_o man_n that_o which_o be_v his_o right_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o to_o exclude_v the_o right_n of_o all_o man_n else_o to_o the_o same_o thing_n a_o just_a action_n be_v that_o which_o be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n a_o just_a man_n be_v he_o that_o have_v a_o constant_a will_n to_o live_v just_o if_o you_o require_v more_o i_o doubt_v there_o will_v no_o man_n live_v be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o definition_n ph._n see_v then_o that_o a_o just_a action_n according_a to_o your_o definition_n be_v that_o which_o be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o before_o there_o be_v a_o law_n there_o can_v be_v no_o injustice_n and_o therefore_o law_n be_v in_o their_o nature_n antecedent_n to_o justice_n and_o injustice_n and_o you_o can_v deny_v but_o there_o must_v be_v lawmaker_n before_o there_o be_v any_o law_n and_o consequent_o before_o there_o be_v any_o justice_n i_o speak_v of_o humane_a justice_n and_o that_o lawmaker_n be_v before_o that_o which_o you_o call_v own_o or_o property_n of_o good_n or_o land_n distinguish_v by_o meum_fw-la tuum_fw-la alienum_fw-la la._n that_o must_v be_v grant_v for_o without_o statute-law_n all_o man_n have_v right_o to_o all_o thing_n and_o we_o have_v have_v experience_n when_o our_o law_n be_v silence_v by_o civil_a war_n there_o be_v not_o a_o man_n that_o of_o any_o good_n can_v say_v assure_o they_o be_v his_o own_o ph._n you_o see_v then_o that_o no_o private_a man_n can_v claim_v a_o propriety_n in_o any_o land_n or_o other_o good_n from_o any_o title_n from_o any_o man_n but_o the_o king_n or_o they_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n because_o it_o be_v in_o virtue_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n that_o every_o man_n may_v not_o enter_v into_o and_o possess_v what_o he_o please_v and_o consequent_o to_o deny_v the_o sovereign_a any_o thing_n necessary_a to_o
so_o nor_o do_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o the_o subject_n whether_o they_o come_v into_o the_o family_n have_v no_o title_n at_o all_o to_o demand_v any_o part_n of_o the_o land_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o but_o security_n to_o which_o also_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o contribute_v their_o whole_a strength_n and_o if_o need_v be_v their_o whole_a fortune_n for_o it_o can_v be_v suppose_v that_o any_o one_o man_n can_v protect_v all_o the_o rest_n with_o his_o own_o single_a strength_n and_o for_o the_o practice_n it_o be_v manifest_a in_o all_o conquest_n the_o land_n of_o the_o vanquish_a be_v in_o the_o sole_a power_n of_o the_o victor_n and_o at_o his_o disposal_n do_v not_o joshua_n and_o the_o high-priest_n divide_v the_o land_n of_o canaan_n in_o such_o sort_n among_o the_o tribe_n of_o israel_n as_o they_o please_v do_v not_o the_o roman_a and_o grecian_a prince_n and_o state_n according_a to_o their_o own_o discretion_n send_v out_o the_o colony_n to_o inhabit_v such_o province_n as_o they_o have_v conquer_a be_v there_o at_o this_o day_n among_o the_o turk_n any_o inheritor_n of_o land_n beside_o the_o sultan_n and_o be_v not_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n once_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n sir_n edw._n coke_n himself_o confess_v it_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o universal_a truth_n that_o all_o conquer_a land_n present_o after_o victory_n be_v the_o land_n of_o he_o that_o conquer_a they_o la._n but_o you_o know_v that_o all_o sovereign_n be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o double_a capacity_n viz._n a_o natural_a capacity_n as_o he_o be_v a_o man_n and_o a_o a_o politic_a capacity_n as_o a_o king_n in_o his_o politic_a capacity_n i_o grant_v you_o that_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n be_v the_o proper_a and_o only_a owner_n once_o of_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n but_o not_o in_o his_o natural_a capacity_n ph._n if_o he_o have_v they_o in_o his_o politic_a capacity_n than_o they_o be_v so_o his_o own_o as_o not_o to_o dispose_v of_o any_o part_n thereof_o but_o only_o to_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o people_n and_o that_o must_v be_v either_o by_o his_o own_o or_o by_o the_o people_n discretion_n that_o be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o where_o do_v you_o find_v that_o the_o conqueror_n dispose_v of_o his_o land_n as_o he_o do_v some_o to_o englishman_n some_o to_o frenchman_n and_o some_o to_o norman_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o divers_a tenor_n as_o knight-service_n soccage_n etc._n etc._n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o that_o he_o ever_o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o have_v the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o of_o england_n in_o dispose_v of_o those_o land_n he_o have_v take_v from_o they_o or_o for_o retain_v of_o such_o and_o such_o land_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n by_o the_o name_n of_o forest_n for_o his_o own_o recreation_n or_o magnificence_n you_o have_v hear_v perhaps_o that_o some_o lawyer_n or_o other_o man_n repute_v wise_a and_o good_a patriot_n have_v give_v out_o that_o all_o the_o land_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v possess_v have_v be_v give_v they_o by_o the_o people_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o shall_v therewith_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o their_o war_n and_o pay_v the_o wage_n of_o their_o minister_n and_o that_o those_o land_n be_v gain_v by_o the_o people_n money_n for_o that_o be_v pretend_v in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n when_o they_o take_v from_o the_o king_n his_o town_n of_o kingston_n upon_o hull_n but_o i_o know_v you_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o pretence_n be_v just_a it_o can_v therefore_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o land_n which_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n give_v away_o to_o englishman_n and_o other_o and_o which_o they_o now_o hold_v by_o his_o letter_n patent_n and_o other_o conveyance_n be_v proper_o and_o real_o his_o own_o or_o else_o the_o title_n of_o they_o that_o now_o hold_v they_o must_v be_v invalid_a la._n i_o assent_n as_o you_o have_v show_v i_o the_o begin_n of_o monarchy_n so_o let_v i_o hear_v your_o opinion_n concern_v their_o growth_n ph._n great_a monarchy_n have_v proceed_v from_o small_a family_n first_o by_o war_n wherein_o the_o victor_n not_o only_o enlarge_v his_o territory_n but_o also_o the_o number_n and_o riches_n of_o his_o subject_n as_o for_o other_o form_n of_o commonwealth_n they_o have_v be_v enlarge_v otherways_o first_o by_o a_o voluntary_a conjunction_n of_o many_o lord_n of_o family_n into_o one_o great_a aristocracy_n second_o by_o rebellion_n proceed_v first_o anarchy_n and_o from_o anarchy_n proceed_v any_o form_n that_o the_o calamity_n of_o they_o that_o live_v therein_o do_v prompt_v they_o to_o whether_o it_o be_v that_o they_o choose_v a_o hereditary_a king_n or_o a_o elective_a king_n for_o life_n or_o that_o they_o agree_v upon_o a_o council_n of_o certain_a person_n which_o be_v aristocracy_n or_o a_o council_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n to_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v democracy_n after_o the_o first_o manner_n which_o be_v by_o war_n grow_v up_o all_o the_o great_a kingdom_n in_o the_o world_n viz._n the_o egyptian_a assyrian_a persian_a and_o the_o macedonian_a monarchy_n and_o so_o do_v the_o great_a kingdom_n of_o england_n france_n and_o spain_n the_o second_o manner_n be_v the_o original_n of_o the_o venetian_a aristocracy_n by_o the_o three_o way_n which_o be_v rebellion_n grow_v up_o in_o divers_a great_a monarchy_n perpetual_o change_v from_o one_o form_n to_o another_o as_o in_o rome_n rebellion_n against_o king_n produce_v democracy_n upon_o which_o the_o senate_n usurp_v under_o sylla_n and_o the_o people_n again_o upon_o the_o senate_n under_o marius_n and_o the_o emperor_n usurp_v upon_o the_o people_n under_o caesar_n and_o his_o successor_n la._n do_v you_o think_v the_o distinction_n between_o natural_a and_o politic_a capacity_n be_v insignificant_a ph._n no_o if_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v in_o a_o assembly_n of_o man_n that_o assembly_n whether_o it_o be_v aristocratical_a or_o democratical_a may_v possess_v land_n but_o it_o be_v in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n because_o no_o natural_a man_n have_v any_o right_n to_o those_o land_n or_o any_o part_n of_o they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n they_o can_v command_v a_o act_n by_o plurality_n of_o command_n but_o the_o command_n of_o any_o one_o of_o they_o be_v of_o no_o effect_n but_o when_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v in_o one_o man_n the_o natural_a and_o politic_a capacity_n be_v in_o the_o same_o person_n and_o as_o to_o possession_n of_o land_n undistinguishable_a but_o as_o to_o the_o act_n and_o command_n they_o may_v be_v well_o distinguish_v in_o this_o manner_n whatsoever_o a_o monarch_n do_v command_v or_o do_v by_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n of_o his_o kingdom_n may_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v in_o his_o politic_a capacity_n and_o whatsoever_o he_o command_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n only_o or_o by_o letter_n sign_v with_o his_o hand_n or_o seal_v with_o any_o of_o his_o private_a seal_n be_v do_v in_o his_o natural_a capacity_n nevertheless_o his_o public_a command_n though_o they_o be_v make_v in_o his_o politic_a capacity_n have_v their_o original_n from_o his_o natural_a capacity_n for_o in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n which_o necessary_o require_v his_o assent_n his_o assent_n be_v natural_a also_o those_o act_n which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n previous_o to_o the_o pass_v of_o they_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n either_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n or_o warrant_v under_o his_o signet_n or_o privy_a seal_n be_v do_v in_o his_o natural_a capacity_n but_o when_o they_o have_v pass_v the_o seal_n of_o england_n they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v as_o do_v in_o his_o politic_a capacity_n la._n i_o think_v very_o your_o distinction_n be_v good_a for_o natural_a capacity_n and_o politic_a capacity_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o private_a and_o public_a right_n therefore_o leave_v this_o argument_n let_v we_o consider_v in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o far_o as_o history_n will_v permit_v what_o be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o ancestor_n ph._n the_o saxon_n as_o also_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o germany_n not_o conquer_a by_o the_o roman_a emperor_n nor_o compel_v to_o use_v the_o imperial_a law_n be_v a_o savage_a and_o heathen_a people_n live_v only_o by_o war_n and_o rapine_n and_o as_o some_o learned_a man_n in_o the_o roman_a antiquity_n affirm_v have_v their_o name_n of_o german_n from_o that_o their_o ancient_a trade_n of_o life_n as_o if_o germane_a and_o hommes_fw-fr de_fw-fr guerre_fw-fr were_z all_o one_o their_o rule_n over_o their_o family_n servant_n and_o subject_n be_v absolute_a their_o law_n no_o other_o than_o natural_a equity_n write_v law_n they_o have_v little_a or_o none_o and_o very_o few_o there_o be_v in_o the_o time_n
king_n of_o those_o time_n have_v not_o mean_n enough_o and_o to_o spare_v if_o god_n be_v not_o their_o enemy_n to_o defend_v their_o people_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n and_o also_o to_o compel_v they_o to_o keep_v the_o peace_n among_o themselves_o ph._n and_o so_o have_v have_v the_o succeed_a king_n if_o they_o have_v never_o give_v their_o right_n away_o and_o their_o subject_n always_o keep_v their_o oath_n and_o promise_n in_o what_o manner_n proceed_v those_o ancient_a saxon_n and_o other_o nation_n of_o germany_n especial_o the_o northern_a part_n to_o the_o make_n of_o their_o law_n la._n sir_n edw._n coke_n out_o of_o divers_a saxon_a law_n gather_v and_o publish_v in_o saxon_n and_o latin_a by_o mr._n lambert_n infer_v that_o the_o saxon_a king_n for_o the_o make_n of_o their_o law_n call_v together_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o be_v use_v at_o this_o day_n in_o england_n but_o by_o those_o law_n of_o the_o saxon_n publish_v by_o mr._n lambert_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n call_v together_o the_o bishop_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o wise_a and_o discreet_a man_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o make_v law_n by_o their_o advice_n ph._n i_o think_v so_o for_o there_o be_v no_o king_n in_o the_o world_n be_v of_o ripe_a year_n and_o sound_a mind_n that_o make_v any_o law_n otherwise_o for_o it_o concern_v they_o in_o their_o own_o interest_n to_o make_v such_o law_n as_o the_o people_n can_v endure_v and_o may_v keep_v they_o without_o impatience_n and_o live_v in_o strength_n and_o courage_n to_o defend_v their_o king_n and_o country_n against_o their_o potent_a neighbour_n but_o how_o be_v it_o discern_v and_o by_o who_o be_v it_o determine_v who_o be_v those_o wise_a and_o discreet_a man_n it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o know_v who_o be_v wise_a in_o our_o time_n we_o know_v well_o enough_o who_o choose_v a_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o what_o town_n be_v to_o send_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n therefore_o if_o it_o be_v determine_v also_o in_o those_o day_n who_o those_o wise_a man_n shall_v be_v then_o i_o confess_v that_o the_o parliament_n of_o the_o old_a saxon_n and_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n since_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o sir_n edw._n coke_n be_v in_o the_o right_n tell_v i_o therefore_o if_o you_o can_v when_o those_o town_n which_o now_o send_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n begin_v to_o do_v so_o and_o upon_o what_o cause_n one_o town_n have_v this_o privilege_n and_o another_o town_n though_o much_o more_o populous_a have_v not_o la._n at_o what_o time_n begin_v this_o custom_n i_o can_v tell_v but_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o the_o city_n of_o salisbury_n because_o there_o come_v two_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n for_o a_o place_n near_o to_o it_o call_v old_a sarum_n which_o as_o i_o rid_v in_o sight_n of_o it_o if_o i_o shall_v tell_v a_o strange_a that_o know_v not_o what_o the_o word_n burgess_n mean_v he_o will_v think_v be_v a_o couple_n of_o rabbit_n the_o place_n look_v so_o like_o a_o long_a coney-burrow_n and_o yet_o a_o good_a argument_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o townsman_n of_o every_o town_n be_v the_o elector_n of_o their_o own_o burgess_n and_o judge_n of_o their_o discretion_n and_o that_o the_o law_n whether_o they_o be_v discreet_a or_o not_o will_v suppose_v they_o to_o be_v discreet_a till_o the_o contrary_n be_v apparent_a therefore_o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o king_n call_v together_o the_o more_o discreet_a man_n of_o his_o realm_n it_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o such_o election_n as_o be_v now_o in_o use_n by_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o those_o great_a and_o general_a moots_n assemble_v by_o the_o old_a saxon_a king_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o the_o parliament_n assemble_v since_o the_o conquest_n ph._n i_o think_v your_o reason_n be_v good_a for_o i_o can_v conceive_v how_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o but_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o borough_n themselves_o can_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o discretion_n or_o sufficiency_n of_o those_o they_o be_v to_o send_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o burgess-town_n since_o it_o be_v not_o mention_v in_o any_o history_n or_o certain_a record_n now_o extant_a it_o be_v free_a for_o any_o man_n to_o propound_v his_o conjecture_n you_o know_v that_o this_o land_n be_v invade_v by_o the_o saxon_n at_o several_a time_n and_o conquer_v by_o piece_n in_o several_a war_n so_o that_o there_o be_v in_o england_n many_o king_n at_o once_o and_o every_o of_o they_o have_v his_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o according_a as_o there_o be_v more_o or_o few_o wall_a town_n within_o each_o king_n dominion_n his_o parliament_n have_v the_o more_o or_o few_o burgess_n but_o when_o all_o these_o lesser_a kingdom_n be_v join_v into_o one_o then_o to_o that_o one_o parliament_n come_v burgess_n from_o all_o the_o burrough_n of_o england_n and_o this_o perhaps_o may_v be_v the_o reason_n why_o there_o be_v so_o many_o more_o such_o burrough_n in_o the_o west_n than_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o west_n be_v more_o populous_a and_o also_o more_o obnoxious_a to_o invader_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n have_v great_a store_n of_o town_n fortify_v this_o i_o think_v may_v be_v the_o original_n of_o that_o privilege_n which_o some_o town_n have_v to_o send_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n and_o other_o have_v not_o la._n the_o conjecture_n be_v not_o improbable_a and_o for_o want_v of_o great_a certainty_n may_v be_v allow_v but_o see_v it_o be_v common_o receive_v that_o for_o the_o make_n of_o a_o law_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v have_v the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a who_o do_v you_o account_v in_o the_o parliament_n of_o the_o old_a saxon_n for_o lord_n temporal_a and_o who_o for_o lord_n spiritual_a for_o the_o book_n call_v the_o mode_n of_o hold_v parliament_n agree_v punctual_o with_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v they_o at_o this_o day_n and_o be_v write_v as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o before_o the_o conquest_n ph._n mr._n selden_n a_o great_a antiquary_n than_o sir_n edw._n coke_n in_o the_o last_o edition_n of_o his_o book_n of_o title_n of_o honour_n say_v that_o that_o book_n call_v the_o mode_n etc._n etc._n be_v not_o write_v till_o about_o the_o time_n of_o rich._n 2._o and_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o prove_v it_o but_o howsoever_o that_o be_v it_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o saxon_a law_n set_v forth_o by_o mr._n lambert_n that_o there_o be_v always_o call_v to_o the_o parliament_n certain_a great_a person_n call_v alderman_n alias_z earls_z and_o so_o you_o have_v a_o house_n of_o lord_n and_o a_o house_n of_o commons_o also_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o same_o place_n that_o after_o the_o saxon_n have_v receive_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n those_o bishop_n that_o be_v among_o they_o be_v always_o at_o the_o great_a moote_n in_o which_o they_o make_v their_o law_n thus_o you_o have_v a_o perfect_a english_a parliament_n save_v that_o the_o name_n of_o baron_n be_v not_o among_o they_o as_o be_v a_o french_a title_n which_o come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n finis_fw-la the_o king_n be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n