their_o monument_n or_o record_n and_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o we_o have_v charter_n for_o these_o land_n we_o hold_v in_o england_n and_o that_o england_n have_v charter_n at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o the_o land_n they_o hold_v in_o france_n and_o it_o be_v very_o observable_a that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o 1._o that_o king_n style_v himself_o rex_fw-la &_o superior_a dominus_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la during_o his_o violent_a usurpation_n over_o scotland_n whereas_o never_o any_o king_n of_o england_n do_v so_o former_o and_o yet_o if_o they_o have_v have_v any_o such_o pretension_n they_o have_v assume_v the_o same_o title_n but_o this_o imaginary_a title_n begin_v and_o end_v with_o the_o force_n which_o only_o maintain_v it_o 3._o the_o english_a can_v condescend_v upon_o any_o reason_n which_o may_v have_v prevail_v with_o the_o scot_n to_o have_v become_v vassal_n to_o england_n nor_o any_o particular_a time_n when_o they_o first_o become_v vassal_n and_o all_o they_o can_v allege_v be_v that_o upon_o some_o impression_n of_o force_n some_o of_o our_o own_o king_n be_v prisoner_n or_o some_o of_o our_o people_n be_v oppress_v they_o do_v elicit_v from_o they_o acknowledgement_n of_o a_o vassalage_n former_o state_v whereas_o force_n render_v all_o acknowledgement_n null_n and_o that_o these_o acknowledgement_n be_v null_a upon_o many_o other_o account_n and_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v be_v force_v to_o grant_v the_o like_a to_o other_o prince_n shall_v be_v prove_v clear_o in_o answer_n to_o the_o instance_n which_o the_o english_a adduce_v 4._o scotland_n have_v be_v habit_n and_o repute_n and_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v a_o free_a monarchy_n and_o their_o king_n independent_a and_o supreme_a and_o that_o not_o only_o by_o all_o foreign_a prince_n the_o best_a judge_n in_o this_o case_n who_o have_v receive_v and_o prefer_v their_o ambassador_n as_o the_o ambassador_n of_o free_a prince_n but_o even_o in_o general_a council_n the_o king_n of_o scotland_n have_v be_v prefer_v to_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n hungary_n pole_n navarr_n cyprus_n bohemia_n denmark_n and_o thus_o they_o be_v rank_v by_o pope_n julius_n the_o ii_o anno_fw-la 1504_o vid._n besold_n sinop._n doct_n politicae_fw-la lib._n 20._o cap._n 10._o which_o can_v not_o have_v be_v do_v if_o he_o have_v be_v only_o a_o feudatory_a prince_n since_o all_o free_a prince_n be_v prefer_v to_o all_o feudatory_a prince_n yea_o and_o if_o scotland_n have_v be_v vassal_n to_o england_n for_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v certain_o crave_v and_o obtain_v the_o precedency_n from_o other_o king_n upon_o that_o account_n since_o he_o have_v be_v rex_fw-la regum_fw-la and_o since_o france_n crave_v to_o be_v prefer_v to_o spain_n because_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v his_o vassal_n as_o chassanaeus_n observe_v part_v 5._o consider_v 19_o so_o much_o rather_o ought_v the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o have_v be_v prefer_v because_o they_o may_v have_v allege_v that_o there_o be_v a_o crown_n hold_v of_o they_o whereas_o they_o hold_v only_o some_o feu-land_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n 5._o not_o only_o christian_a prince_n and_o council_n but_o even_o pope_n have_v declare_v scotland_n to_o be_v a_o free_a kingdom_n and_o independent_a from_o england_n and_o thus_o pope_n honorius_n allow_v to_o scotland_n that_o be_v subject_n shall_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o answer_v by_o way_n of_o appeal_n to_o any_o court_n without_o their_o own_o kingdom_n salva_fw-la solummodo_fw-la authoritate_fw-la sedis_fw-la apostolicae_fw-la 2._o edward_n king_n of_o england_n have_v petition_v pope_n innocent_a the_o iv._o that_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n may_v not_o be_v anoint_v or_o crown_v without_o his_o knowledge_n quod_fw-la non_fw-la posset_n se_fw-la facere_fw-la ipso_fw-la inscio_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la coronari_fw-la vel_fw-la inungi_fw-la the_o say_a pope_n do_v refuse_v the_o same_o presentibus_fw-la procuratoribus_fw-la parium_fw-la in_o consilio_fw-la lugdunensi_fw-la satis_fw-la per_fw-la hoc_fw-la determinans_fw-la regnum_fw-la scotiae_fw-la regno_fw-la angliae_fw-la non_fw-la subesse_fw-la 3._o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v likewise_o petition_v the_o same_o pope_n innocent_a that_o he_o may_v have_v liberty_n to_o collect_v the_o tithe_n of_o scotland_n since_o he_o have_v right_o terrarum_fw-la omnium_fw-la suae_fw-la jurisdictioni_fw-la subjectarum_fw-la the_o same_o be_v also_o refuse_v 4._o pope_n boniface_n the_o eight_o do_v in_o a_o letter_n to_o edward_n king_n of_o england_n declare_v that_o ad_fw-la celsitudinem_fw-la regiam_fw-la potuit_fw-la pervenisse_fw-la qualiter_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n quodque_fw-la regnum_fw-la scotiae_fw-la sicut_fw-la accepimus_fw-la a_fw-la progenitoribus_fw-la tuis_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la regibus_fw-la feudale_n non_fw-la extitit_fw-la nec_fw-la existit_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o copy_n of_o which_o letter_n i_o have_v at_o present_a and_o duchesne_n write_v the_o history_n of_o great_a britain_n do_v pag._n 661._o relate_v that_o le_fw-fr mesine_fw-la pape_n renvoya_n d'_fw-fr autres_fw-fr lettres_n au_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'_fw-fr anglterre_n pour_fw-fr soustenir_fw-fr que_fw-fr le_fw-fr royaume_fw-fr de_fw-fr escosse_n ne_fw-fr dependoit_fw-fr point_fw-fr d'_fw-fr anglterre_n &_o que_fw-fr contre_fw-fr le_fw-fr droit_fw-fr divin_n &_o la_fw-fr justice_n il_fw-fr s'_fw-fr en_fw-fr vindicoit_fw-fr la_fw-fr subjection_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o same_o pope_n send_v letter_n at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o which_o he_o maintain_v that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n be_v no_o way_n subject_n to_o that_o kingdom_n and_o that_o his_o seek_v to_o subject_v it_o to_o he_o as_o superior_a be_v contrare_fw-la to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o men._n 6._o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o law_n of_o nation_n a_o vassal_n can_v mortify_v any_o part_n of_o his_o feu_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o superior_a because_o the_o superior_a by_o the_o mortification_n lose_v the_o service_n due_a to_o he_o out_o of_o his_o feu_n churchman_n be_v oblige_v to_o no_o reddendo_fw-la but_o praeces_fw-la &_o vota_fw-la and_o therefore_o in_o all_o mortification_n make_v by_o vassal_n the_o superior_n confirmation_n be_v still_o require_v and_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v but_o that_o if_o scotland_n have_v be_v a_o feu_fw-fr hold_v of_o england_n the_o pope_n their_o conclave_n and_o the_o monastry_n themselves_o will_v have_v seek_v confirmation_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n of_o the_o mortification_n make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o subject_n of_o scotland_n there_o be_v more_o erection_n of_o that_o kind_n in_o scotland_n than_o in_o any_o nation_n of_o equal_a revenue_n and_o yet_o never_o any_o such_o confirmation_n be_v seek_v or_o pretend_v to_o but_o on_o the_o contrare_fw-la the_o pope_n still_o confirm_v these_o erection_n as_o make_v per_fw-la reges_fw-la scotiae_fw-la as_o he_o do_v in_o all_o other_o nation_n or_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n confirm_v these_o erection_n if_o they_o be_v make_v by_o any_o of_o his_o vassal_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o pope_n do_v in_o these_o confirmation_n design_v our_o king_n regem_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o not_o scotorum_fw-la 7._o the_o historian_n also_o of_o other_o nation_n do_v concur_v with_o those_o of_o our_o nation_n in_o assert_v this_o freedom_n and_o thus_o arnisaeus_n the_o best_a lawyer_n who_o have_v write_v upon_o these_o politic_a question_n do_v look_v upon_o this_o pretence_n as_o a_o mere_a fiction_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 5._o anglus_fw-la scotorum_fw-la regem_fw-la habebat_fw-la sibi_fw-la fiduciarium_fw-la sive_fw-la ratione_fw-la aliquot_fw-la regionum_fw-la sive_fw-la ratione_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regni_fw-la ut_fw-la nimis_fw-la audacter_fw-la asserit_fw-la math._n steph._n nam_fw-la haec_fw-la vetustate_fw-la temporis_fw-la &_o obscuritate_fw-la authorum_fw-la sunt_fw-la incerta_fw-la and_o duchesne_n pag._n 21._o speak_v of_o scotland_n assert_n positive_o that_o its_o king_n do_v recognosce_fw-la no_o superior_a but_o god_n and_o be_v every_o way_n a_o sovereign_a prince_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o old_a pretension_n of_o england_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr le_fw-fr possede_n en_fw-fr toute_fw-fr souverainté_fw-fr sans_fw-fr recognoistre_fw-fr au_fw-fr cun_fw-fr superieur_fw-fr que_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr bien_fw-fr que_fw-fr c_o '_o estoit_fw-fr ancienne_fw-fr praetension_n des_fw-fr anglois_fw-fr que_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d'escosse_n est_fw-fr vassal_n de_fw-fr leur_fw-fr couronne_fw-fr 8._o not_o only_o have_v foreign_a prince_n general_a council_n and_o the_o lawyer_n and_o historian_n of_o other_o nation_n declare_v scotland_n to_o be_v a_o free_a kingdom_n but_o even_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v acknowledge_v this_o freedom_n and_o independency_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o these_o instance_n 1._o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n of_o england_n have_v treat_v with_o the_o ambassador_n of_o scotland_n whereas_o no_o superior_a can_v treat_v with_o his_o own_o vassal_n as_o a_o foreigner_n nor_o can_v a_o vassal_n send_v ambassador_n to_o his_o superior_a for_o a_o ambassador_n must_v be_v
equal_a to_o he_o to_o who_o he_o be_v send_v and_o be_v in_o law_n no_o way_n liable_a to_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o this_o be_v among_o other_o the_o opinion_n of_o alberic_n gentil_n a_o engglish_a lawyer_n de_fw-fr legationibus_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n 10._o and_o it_o be_v clear_a from_o liv._o lib._n 6._o &_o lib._n 43._o 2._o king_n henry_n of_o england_n be_v to_o enter_v upon_o a_o war_n with_o simeon_n earl_n of_o leicester_n do_v entreat_v supply_n from_o alexander_n king_n of_o scot_n and_o lest_o this_o may_v infer_v any_o acknowledgement_n of_o his_o superiority_n he_o do_v by_o letter_n under_o his_o hand_n and_o by_o his_o ambassador_n public_o declare_v that_o he_o do_v not_o crave_v this_o aid_n as_o superior_a to_o which_o superiority_n he_o have_v no_o pretence_n 3._o the_o same_o king_n alexander_n be_v invite_v to_o assist_v at_o the_o coronation_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o be_v unwilling_a to_o go_v there_o lest_o it_o may_v infer_v a_o acknowledgement_n king_n edward_n do_v declare_v quod_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la debito_fw-la sed_fw-la ex_fw-la gratia_n tantummodo_fw-la hoc_fw-la petebat_fw-la 4._o the_o same_o king_n alexander_n be_v to_o make_v homage_n in_o england_n to_o king_n edward_n for_o the_o land_n of_o penrith_n and_o tindale_n which_o he_o hold_v of_o king_n edward_n he_o do_v public_o protest_v quod_fw-la non_fw-la pro_fw-la regno_fw-la scotiae_fw-la sed_fw-la pro_fw-la terris_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it dictum_fw-la homagium_fw-la faciebat_fw-la rexque_fw-la iste_fw-la angliae_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la homagium_fw-la admisit_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la talia_fw-la fuisse_fw-la &_o similia_fw-la prius_fw-la facta_fw-la homagia_fw-la regno_fw-la angliae_fw-la per_fw-la reges_fw-la scotiae_fw-la nam_fw-la talia_fw-la fuisse_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la quale_fw-la fuit_fw-la illud_fw-la declaratum_fw-la &_o expositum_fw-la homagium_fw-la nam_fw-la talia_fw-la sunt_fw-la subjecta_fw-la qualia_fw-la praeadicata_fw-la admittunt_fw-la which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n use_v in_o the_o answer_n make_v by_o the_o scot_n before_o the_o pope_n where_o all_o the_o former_a four_o instance_n be_v full_o discuss_v and_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o witness_n beyond_o all_o exception_n the_o writ_n themselves_o have_v be_v design_o take_v away_o by_o king_n edward_n and_o fordon_n have_v in_o his_o history_n unprint_v copy_n of_o several_a letter_n write_v by_o the_o say_a pope_n boniface_n and_o other_o declare_v that_o those_o instance_n consist_v in_o their_o knowledge_n and_o some_o of_o those_o instance_n be_v full_o repeat_v by_o duchesne_n pag._n 661._o who_o be_v to_o be_v believe_v since_o he_o be_v a_o stranger_n and_o even_o matthew_n paris_n a_o learned_a english_a historian_n do_v declare_v that_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o do_v when_o he_o be_v go_v to_o the_o holy_a war_n disclaim_v this_o pretend_a superiority_n over_o scotland_n anno_fw-la 1188._o which_o disclamation_n be_v likewise_o observe_v by_o hovedean_n another_o historian_n of_o the_o same_o nation_n and_o when_o matthew_n paris_n speak_v of_o the_o homage_n do_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o make_v it_o only_o to_o be_v for_o his_o land_n in_o england_n rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la willielmus_fw-la fecit_fw-la homagium_fw-la regi_fw-la anglorum_fw-la ricardo_n de_fw-la jure_fw-la svo_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it which_o be_v ordinary_o the_o stile_n use_v by_o historian_n when_o they_o write_v of_o this_o subject_a and_o thus_o duchesne_n say_v that_o alexander_n make_v homage_n to_o henry_n the_o three_o for_o his_o possession_n in_o england_n but_o refuse_v to_o make_v he_o homage_n for_o scotland_n and_o that_o king_n alexander_n send_v a_o cartell_n to_o king_n henry_n for_o assert_v that_o he_o have_v make_v he_o homage_n for_o scotland_n the_o copy_n of_o the_o homage_n be_v yet_o extant_a at_o rome_n and_o the_o minute_n of_o it_o be_v thus_o express_v in_o the_o record_n of_o our_o old_a abbacy_n memorandum_n anno_fw-la gratiae_n milesimo_fw-la ducentesimo_fw-la septuagesimo_fw-la octavo_fw-la apostolorum_fw-la simonis_n &_o judae_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la alexander_n rex_fw-la scotiae_fw-la fecit_fw-la homagium_fw-la domino_fw-la edwardo_n regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la filio_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la sub_fw-la his_fw-la verbis_fw-la ego_fw-la devenero_fw-la hominem_fw-la vestrum_fw-la pro_fw-la terris_fw-la quas_fw-la de_fw-la vobis_fw-la teneo_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la angliae_fw-la de_fw-la quibus_fw-la homagium_fw-la vobis_fw-la debeo_fw-la salvo_fw-la regno_fw-la meo_fw-la tunc_fw-la dixit_fw-la episcopus_fw-la norvicensis_fw-la &_o salvum_fw-la sit_fw-la regi_fw-la angliae_fw-la si_fw-la jus_o habuerit_fw-la ad_fw-la homagium_fw-la vestrum_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la cui_fw-la rex_fw-la statim_fw-la respondit_fw-la aperte_fw-la dicens_fw-la ad_fw-la homagium_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la scotiae_fw-la nullus_fw-la jus_o habet_fw-la nisi_fw-la solus_fw-la deus_fw-la nec_fw-la de_fw-la ullo_fw-la teneo_fw-la nisi_fw-la solo_fw-la deo_fw-la 4._o king_n alexander_n have_v die_v without_o male_n edward_n the_o first_o treat_v for_o a_o marriage_n betwixt_o margaret_n princess_n of_o scotland_n call_v the_o maid_n of_o norway_n and_o edward_n his_o son_n in_o which_o there_o be_v many_o pregnant_a acknowledgement_n of_o this_o freedom_n volentes_fw-la &_o concedentes_fw-la quod_fw-la deficientibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la edwardo_n &_o margarita_n vel_fw-la eorum_fw-la altero_fw-la absque_fw-la liberis_fw-la extantibus_fw-la in_fw-la omni_fw-la casu_fw-la &_o eventu_fw-la in_fw-la quo_fw-la ad_fw-la proximiores_fw-la haeredes_fw-la regnum_fw-la praedictum_fw-la debeat_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la reverti_fw-la integre_n habere_fw-la absolute_a absque_fw-la ulla_fw-la subjectione_n revertatur_fw-la &_o restituatur_fw-la iisdem_fw-la and_o in_o the_o close_a of_o that_o paper_n it_o be_v say_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o prejudice_n do_v to_o either_o of_o the_o kingdom_n quin_fw-la libere_fw-la habeant_fw-la statum_fw-la suum_fw-la and_o in_o the_o deputation_n give_v by_o the_o governor_n of_o scotland_n date_v at_o melross_n anno_fw-la 1289._o for_o treat_v that_o marriage_n this_o express_a reservation_n be_v insert_v salvis_fw-la tamen_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la &_o singulis_fw-la &_o per_fw-la omne_fw-la libertate_fw-la &_o honore_n regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la which_o reservation_n be_v likewise_o insert_v in_o a_o warrant_n grant_v by_o king_n edward_n for_o treat_v the_o say_a marriage_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o in_o all_o the_o scottish_a address_n to_o he_o and_o accept_v by_o he_o he_o be_v only_o design_v rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la dominus_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la &_o dux_n aquitaniae_n but_o never_o design_v himself_o dominus_fw-la superior_a scotiae_fw-la till_o after_o the_o war_n which_o show_v that_o his_o former_a airy_a title_n be_v very_o unjust_a 9_o as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v acknowledge_v the_o scot_n to_o be_v no_o vassal_n so_o have_v their_o law_n and_o lawyer_n for_o it_o be_v content_v by_o these_o that_o the_o scot_n be_v alien_n to_o england_n and_o can_v not_o have_v succeed_v to_o any_o estate_n in_o england_n without_o be_v naturalize_v whereas_o alibi_fw-la genitura_fw-la presuppose_n that_o the_o alibi_fw-la nati_fw-la be_v not_o vassal_n for_o this_o jus_o alibi_fw-la geniturae_fw-la call_v by_o the_o french_a droit_fw-fr d'_fw-fr aubeyne_n be_v settle_v upon_o this_o maxim_n of_o the_o feudal_n law_n that_o because_o feus_n be_v grant_v by_o over-lord_n or_o superior_n upon_o design_n and_o promise_n that_o their_o vassal_n shall_v serve_v they_o upon_o all_o occasion_n against_o all_o person_n and_o never_o reveal_v their_o secret_n nor_o conceal_v what_o may_v be_v their_o disadvantage_n therefore_o feudalist_n do_v just_o conclude_v that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v liege_n man_n to_o two_o supreme_a superior_n or_o over-lord_n because_o these_o duty_n be_v imprestable_a to_o both_o see_v the_o secret_n of_o the_o one_o may_v be_v incompatible_a with_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o other_o and_o they_o may_v by_o war_a against_o one_o another_o distract_v the_o alleadgeance_n of_o their_o vassal_n and_o because_o man_n be_v more_o prone_a to_o serve_v their_o native_a prince_n than_o other_o therefore_o stranger_n be_v always_o suspect_v nor_o have_v they_o allowance_n to_o sell_v the_o feus_n to_o which_o they_o succeed_v lest_o they_o shall_v carry_v away_o the_o price_n out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o possible_o employ_v it_o against_o the_o same_o country_n which_o principle_n seem_v at_o first_o to_o have_v flow_v from_o the_o roman_a law_n by_o which_o the_o good_n of_o stranger_n die_v in_o rome_n fall_v to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o fisk_n &_o fiebant_fw-la caduca_fw-la with_o this_o foundation_n of_o the_o feudal_n law_n found_v upon_o so_o clear_a reason_n do_v the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n agree_v who_o account_v not_o these_o alien_n who_o live_v under_o the_o same_o alleadgeance_n thus_o rageau_n pag._n 67._o aubains_fw-fr sont_fw-fr estranger_n mais_fw-fr ãâã_d qui_fw-fr n'_fw-fr est_fw-fr pa_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr soveraignete_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr courounne_n de_fw-fr france_n vid._n bacquet_n du_fw-fr droit_fw-fr d'_fw-fr aubeyne_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1557._o and_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o milan_n the_o experte_a feudalist_n of_o all_o the_o world_n alibi_fw-la genitura_fw-la extend_v not_o to_o
v._o the_o precedency_n among_o commonwealth_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o king_n and_o crowned-head_n have_v the_o precedency_n from_o commonwealth_n though_o they_o contend_v that_o they_o be_v the_o free_a of_o all_o man_n be_v the_o noble_a and_o be_v in_o effect_n a_o country_n of_o king_n aught_o to_o be_v prefer_v to_o any_o one_o king_n especial_o since_o their_o government_n be_v elder_a than_o that_o of_o king_n man_n have_v draw_v themselves_o into_o society_n before_o they_o either_o submit_v to_o king_n who_o assume_v that_o government_n by_o force_n or_o elect_v king_n because_o they_o can_v not_o agree_v among_o themselves_o there_o be_v some_o commonwealth_n who_o claim_v precedency_n as_o have_v right_o to_o kingdom_n and_o thus_o venice_n claim_v the_o same_o precedency_n with_o crown'd-head_n in_o the_o popedom_n of_o vrban_n the_o eight_o and_o innocent_a the_o five_o because_o they_o have_v right_a to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o corsica_n but_o this_o be_v deny_v genoa_n contend_v with_o venice_n for_o precedency_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o cyprus_n 1373._o but_o that_o king_n prefer_v venice_n and_o to_o extinguish_v these_o difference_n among_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o italy_n venice_n be_v by_o opinion_n of_o all_o lawyer_n prefer_v to_o all_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o italy_n calefat_n de_fw-fr equestr_n dignit_fw-la n._n 124._o crus_n de_fw-mi prece_v pag._n 536._o genoa_n and_o sienna_n do_v also_o contend_v anno_fw-la 1530._o at_o the_o coronation_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o but_o the_o debate_n be_v then_o decide_v and_o yet_o crus_n pag._n 545._o prefer_v genoa_n the_o state_n general_n contend_v with_o venice_n and_o all_o other_o commonwealth_n as_o be_v the_o more_o powerful_a and_o be_v a_o society_n of_o commonwealth_n they_o pretend_v also_o to_o precedency_n from_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o be_v more_o independent_a than_o they_o and_o be_v equal_a to_o king_n whereas_o these_o prince_n be_v but_o subject_n which_o be_v delicate_o debate_v by_o besold_a de_fw-mi praece_v cap._n 2._o but_o yet_o the_o present_a emperor_n have_v prefer_v the_o elector_n to_o all_o ambassador_n of_o commonwealth_n by_o a_o express_a ordinance_n relate_v in_o crus_n p._n 545._o and_o now_o holland_n as_o have_v a_o kindness_n for_o the_o empire_n treat_v the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o elector_n as_o those_o send_v by_o crowned-head_n and_o in_o return_n of_o that_o kindness_n the_o elector_n treat_v such_o as_o be_v send_v from_o holland_n with_o the_o same_o respect_n memor_n ambassad_n pag._n 523._o of_o old_a the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n do_v precede_v the_o commonwealth_n of_o venice_n but_o emanuel_n philbert_n duke_n of_o savoy_n during_o the_o oppression_n he_o lie_v under_o from_o charles_n the_o five_o put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o venice_n and_o become_v a_o son_n of_o st._n mark_n and_o thereafter_o as_o the_o father_n behove_v to_o precede_v the_o son_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n yield_v to_o venice_n and_o as_o that_o duke_n pretend_v right_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o cyprus_n by_o the_o marriage_n of_o anne_n of_o cyprus_n and_o the_o donation_n of_o charlot_n of_o cyprus_n so_o venice_n pretend_v right_o to_o the_o same_o crown_n by_o the_o donation_n of_o catharine_n cornara_n widow_n to_o james_n king_n of_o cyprus_n the_o difference_n be_v now_o thus_o settle_v that_o venice_n shall_v treat_v the_o ambassador_n of_o savoy_n as_o they_o do_v these_o of_o king_n with_o the_o title_n of_o excellency_n and_o savoy_n shall_v allow_v venice_n the_o precedency_n memor_n ambassad_n pag._n 347._o mazarin_fw-mi treat_v the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n as_o those_o send_v from_o king_n mem._n ambassad_n pag._n 334._o the_o canton_n of_o swiss_n be_v even_o of_o late_a a_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o by_o the_o treaty_n betwixt_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o king_n of_o swed_n 1648._o they_o be_v declare_v free_a state_n et_fw-la in_o possessione_n seu_fw-la quasi_fw-la possessione_n libertatis_fw-la &_o exemptionis_fw-la ab_fw-la imperio_fw-la and_o now_o their_o ambassador_n or_o envoy_n take_v place_n after_o the_o venetian_a and_o state_n general_n and_o albeit_o nolden_n de_fw-fr stat._n nobil_n think_v that_o if_o they_o be_v call_v to_o fit_v with_o the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n upon_o any_o extraordinar_a occasion_n they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o much_o less_o to_o the_o elector_n for_o licet_fw-la jura_fw-la principum_fw-la habent_fw-la passive_a &_o materialiter_fw-la principes_fw-la tamen_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la formaliter_fw-la &_o active_a yet_o other_o lawyer_n prefer_v they_o to_o all_o the_o other_o state_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n except_o the_o elector_n crus_n pag._n 556._o the_o french_a king_n treat_v they_o with_o the_o title_n of_o magnifique_n signior_n and_o though_o their_o deputy_n can_v not_o prevail_v with_o the_o french_a king_n in_o anno_fw-la 1602._o and_o 1603._o to_o be_v cover_v when_o he_o receive_v they_o yet_o i_o conceive_v that_o now_o they_o will_v be_v receive_v as_o the_o ambassador_n of_o holland_n or_o venice_n who_o be_v cover_v at_o their_o reception_n since_o in_o anno_fw-la 1646._o they_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v a_o free_a state_n the_o grison_n ambassador_n be_v receive_v in_o anno_fw-la 1627._o as_o the_o minister_n send_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o with_o the_o same_o honour_n chap_n vi_o of_o the_o precedency_n of_o the_o elector_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n among_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o elector_n be_v still_o prefer_v which_o electoral_a college_n though_o say_v to_o be_v found_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o three_o and_o pope_n gregory_n the_o five_o anno_fw-la 997_o yet_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o the_o say_a constitution_n arise_v from_o the_o great_a difficulty_n under_o which_o the_o empire_n be_v sink_v after_o the_o death_n of_o frederick_n the_o second_o among_o the_o elector_n the_o ecclesiastic_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o laic_n the_o ecclesiastic_a elector_n be_v the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n cullen_n and_o treves_n who_o precedency_n among_o themselves_o be_v first_o determine_v by_o charles_n the_o four_o so_o as_o that_o the_o bishop_n of_o treves_n be_v to_o sit_v just_o over_o against_o the_o emperor_n the_o bishop_n of_o mentz_n be_v to_o take_v place_n in_o all_o his_o own_o dyocie_n and_o in_o all_o germany_n whereas_o the_o archbishop_n of_o cullen_n be_v to_o take_v place_n in_o all_o his_o own_o dyocie_n and_o in_o italy_n and_o france_n and_o of_o old_a in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o bishop_n of_o mentz_n be_v prefer_v as_o arch-chancellor_n of_o germany_n the_o archbishop_n of_o treves_n as_o arch-chancellour_n of_o france_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o cullen_n as_o arch-chancellour_a of_o italy_n which_o order_n be_v confirm_v by_o frederick_n the_o 1._o anno_fw-la 1158._o the_o secular_a elector_n be_v rank_v thus_o by_o the_o golden-bull_n of_o charles_n the_o four_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n carry_v the_o sword_n immediate_o in_o all_o procession_n before_o the_o emperor_n the_o count-palatin_a the_o imperial_a apple_n walk_v on_o the_o emperor_n right_a hand_n the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o sceptre_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v to_o follow_v he_o immediate_o but_o when_o they_o sit_v at_o any_o solemnity_n by_o the_o same_o bull_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v a_o crowned-head_n be_v to_o sit_v first_o upon_o the_o emperor_n right_a hand_n after_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n and_o cullen_n and_o upon_o the_o left_a after_o the_o ecclesiastic_a elector_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n have_v the_o first_o place_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o second_o but_o yet_o i_o find_v beutherus_fw-la and_o other_o german_a lawyer_n contend_v from_o old_a manuscript_n that_o at_o first_o brandenburg_n have_v the_o precedency_n from_o the_o elector_n palatin_n and_o saxony_n the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n do_v of_o old_a contend_v with_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n in_o anno_fw-la 1521._o and_o their_o debate_n continue_v by_o protestation_n for_o many_o year_n and_o with_o the_o elector_n palatin_n till_o the_o emperor_n lewis_n the_o four_o ordain_v the_o palatin_n and_o bavaria_n to_o precede_v one_o another_o alternate_o though_o since_o the_o late_a wary_n of_o germany_n the_o elector_n palatin_n have_v usurp_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n be_v make_v the_o first_o elector_n in_o his_o place_n the_o elector_n palatin_n be_v now_o the_o last_o of_o the_o elector_n it_o be_v also_o observable_a that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o elector_n themselves_o be_v present_a they_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o ambassador_n and_o representative_n of_o all_o the_o absent_a elector_n as_o be_v decide_v in_o anno_fw-la
1654._o except_v only_o the_o ambassador_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o ambassador_n of_o foreign_a king_n be_v still_o allow_v to_o take_v place_n from_o all_o the_o elector_n except_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o all_o the_o solemnity_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o ambassador_n of_o commonwealth_n have_v claim_v the_o same_o precedency_n the_o emperor_n leopold_n have_v decern_v against_o they_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o elector_n crus_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 4._o the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o elector_n precede_v all_o the_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n have_v the_o first_o seat_n next_o to_o the_o elector_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o precedency_n of_o churchman_n i_o need_v not_o debate_v the_o difference_n that_o have_v fall_v in_o among_o the_o patriarch_n of_o rome_n constantinople_n antioch_n alexandria_n and_o jerusalem_n those_o of_o rome_n and_o constantinople_n have_v claim_v precedency_n because_o their_o see_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o grecian_a empire_n those_o of_o jerusalem_n claim_v preference_n because_o the_o chief_a priesthood_n be_v once_o settle_v there_o those_o of_o antioch_n claim_v precedency_n because_o antioch_n be_v the_o first_o seat_n of_o christianity_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o 11._o chapter_n of_o the_o act_n and_o those_o of_o alexandria_n pretend_v that_o they_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o roman_a patriarch_n at_o least_o because_o alexandria_n be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o east_n before_o the_o build_n of_o constantinople_n and_o the_o church_n thereof_o be_v by_o euseb._n lib._n 11._o say_v to_o be_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d vide_fw-la salmas_n de_fw-fr primate_n pap_n cap._n 12._o thus_o far_o do_v precedency_n invade_v even_o religion_n and_o raise_v emulation_n among_o those_o who_o pretend_v to_o be_v the_o great_a pattern_n of_o humility_n the_o roman_a patriarch_n be_v by_o phocas_n the_o emperor_n raise_v above_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o year_n 606._o since_o which_o time_n they_o have_v raise_v themselves_o by_o several_a degree_n to_o the_o papacy_n though_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o even_o before_o that_o time_n the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n have_v the_o first_o seat_n in_o all_o council_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o justinian_o novella_n 131._o cap._n 2._o and_o in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a adrian_n bishop_n of_o rome_n have_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d but_o the_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d or_o the_o power_n of_o precede_v do_v still_o belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n as_o have_v be_v full_o clear_v by_o crusius_n and_o other_o and_o though_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o constantine_n the_o great_a do_v from_o christian_a humility_n prefer_v the_o successor_n of_o st._n peter_n as_o vicar_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o himself_o and_o that_o in_o the_o canon_n law_n cap._n constantinus_n 14._o dist._n 96._o the_o emperor_n constantin_n be_v bring_v in_o acknowledge_v himself_o to_o have_v lead_v the_o pope_n bridle_n and_o in_o the_o famous_a ceremonial_a of_o rome_n fol._n 21._o the_o emperor_n be_v allow_v no_o high_a place_n than_o the_o pope_n footstool_n yet_o frederick_n the_o 1._o emperor_n do_v contentious_o debate_v this_o precedency_n with_o adrian_n the_o four_o since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v be_v various_o acquiesce_v in_o by_o pope_n and_o emperor_n and_o though_o the_o legate_n be_v representative_n of_o the_o pope_n yet_o thuan_n tell_v we_o lib._n 98._o that_o the_o learned_a brissonius_n precedent_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n will_v not_o suffer_v the_o pope_n legate_n to_o precede_v he_o and_o at_o the_o coronation_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o the_o pop_z legate_n be_v deny_v the_o precedency_n from_o the_o elector_n the_o cardinal_n have_v debate_v for_o precedency_n with_o the_o patriarch_n though_o by_o the_o novella_n 132._o c._n 2._o justinian_n place_n patriarch_n next_o to_o the_o pope_n and_o panormit_fw-la in_o cap._n antiqua_fw-la x_o the_o privileg_n &_o excess_n praelat_fw-la prefer_v the_o patriarch_n to_o the_o cardinal_n and_o now_o by_o the_o concession_n of_o sextus_n quintus_n that_o pope_n have_v raise_v the_o cardinal_n to_o a_o equal_a degree_n with_o king_n and_o if_o king_n be_v present_a at_o table_n or_o other_o solemnity_n with_o cardinal_n if_o there_o be_v but_o one_o king_n he_o be_v to_o sit_v after_o the_o first_o cardinal_n bishop_n and_o if_o there_o be_v more_o king_n they_o sit_v mixt_o with_o the_o cardinal_n first_o a_o cardinal_n and_o then_o a_o king_n but_o though_o this_o hold_v among_o popish_a prince_n yet_o the_o author_n of_o les_fw-fr memoirs_fw-fr des_fw-fr ambassadeurs_fw-fr do_v observe_v that_o leicester_n grotius_n and_o the_o other_o ambassador_n of_o protestant_a prince_n never_o yield_v precedency_n to_o cardinal_n till_o lockhart_n ambassador_n for_o cromwell_n yield_v it_o to_o cardinal_n mazarine_n where_o he_o likewise_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o prince_n of_o condie_n yield_v the_o precedency_n to_o cardinal_n rechlieu_n yet_o the_o count_n of_o soisson_n refuse_v it_o the_o bishop_n of_o scotland_n precede_v in_o this_o manner_n archbishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n archbishop_n of_o glasgow_n bishop_n of_o edinburgh_n bishop_n of_o galloway_n bishop_n of_o dunkel_n bishop_n of_o aberdeen_n bishop_n of_o murray_n bishop_n of_o rosse_n bishop_n of_o brechin_n bishop_n of_o dumblane_n bishop_n of_o caithness_z bishop_n of_o the_o isle_n bishop_n of_o argyl_n bishop_n of_o orknay_n i_o find_v by_o letter_n in_o anno_fw-la 1625._o that_o before_o king_n james_n go_v into_o england_n the_o marquess_n of_o scotland_n do_v take_v place_n from_o the_o archbishop_n but_o now_o the_o archbishop_n take_v place_n from_o all_o duke_n and_o marquess_n in_o imitation_n of_o england_n and_o by_o a_o letter_n in_o anno_fw-la 1626._o renew_v in_o anno_fw-la 1664._o the_o archbishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n be_v to_o take_v place_n from_o all_o subject_n which_o be_v to_o be_v limit_v as_o not_o to_o exclude_v the_o king_n child_n and_o brother_n as_o i_o conceive_v and_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la the_o archbishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n ce_v to_o the_o chancellor_n since_o the_o letter_n the_o bishop_n of_o england_n preceed_n thus_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n archbishop_n of_o york_n bishop_n of_o london_n bishop_n of_o durham_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n bishop_n of_o ely_n bishop_n of_o norwich_n bishop_n of_o hereford_n bishop_n of_o salisbury_z bishop_n of_o peterborough_n bishop_n of_o carlisle_n bishop_n of_o worcester_z bishop_n of_o rochester_n bishop_n of_o landaff_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n bishop_n of_o bangor_n bishop_n of_o exeter_n bishop_n of_o chichester_n bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n bishop_n of_o oxford_z bishop_n of_o lichfield_n and_o coventrie_n bishop_n of_o bristol_n bishop_n of_o gloucester_n bishop_n of_o chester_n bishop_n of_o bath_n and_o wells_n chap._n viii_o general_a observation_n concern_v the_o precedency_n of_o subject_n nobility_n be_v divide_v with_o we_o as_o in_o england_n in_o nobiles_fw-la majores_fw-la &_o minores_fw-la the_o great_a and_o the_o lesser_a nobility_n under_o the_o great_a be_v comprehend_v all_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n of_o parliament_n under_o the_o lesser_a be_v comprehend_v knight_n and_o gentleman_n and_o though_o all_o these_o be_v not_o peer_n of_o parliament_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o peer_n to_o one_o another_o and_o thus_o a_o gentleman_n may_v be_v offer_v to_o a_o duke_n daughter_n who_o ward_n and_o marriage_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n as_o have_v be_v often_o decide_v nor_o can_v that_o match_n be_v refuse_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o inequality_n and_o it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o though_o nobleman_n must_v be_v judge_v by_o their_o peer_n yet_o land_a gentleman_n may_v pass_v upon_o their_o assize_n and_o a_o nobleman_n be_v oblige_v to_o accept_v of_o a_o challenge_n from_o a_o gentleman_n as_o his_o peer_n where_o duel_n be_v lawful_a under_o the_o word_n barron_n all_o our_o nobility_n be_v comprehend_v as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o 81._o act._n parl._n 14._o ja._n 2d_o and_o the_o inscription_n of_o the_o first_o parliament_n of_o k._n ja._n 5_o where_o the_o parliament_n be_v say_v to_o be_v hold_v per_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la tutorem_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la praelatis_fw-la barronibus_fw-la &_o burgorum_n commissariis_fw-la albeit_o the_o parliament_n of_o rob._n 1._o be_v cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioribus_fw-la comitibus_fw-la barronibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la which_o show_v that_o there_o be_v other_o magnates_fw-la infra_fw-la barrone_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o young_a son_n of_o duke_n marquess_n etc._n etc._n be_v to_o be_v rank_v inter_fw-la nobiles_fw-la majores_fw-la since_o they_o sit_v not_o in_o parliament_n or_o inter_fw-la nobiles_fw-la minores_fw-la since_o they_o be_v design_v lord_n and_o take_v place_n from_o many_o of_o the_o nobiles_fw-la majores_fw-la the_o son_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v all_o king_n and_o sovereign_n in_o
petitionem_fw-la willielmi_n regis_fw-la scotiae_fw-la he_o grant_v a_o liberty_n to_o the_o monk_n of_o aberbrothick_n to_o transport_v their_o good_n through_o england_n free_a from_o custom_n and_o matth._n par._n in_o many_o treatise_n relate_v by_o he_o give_v they_o that_o title_n and_o pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o in_o a_o express_a rescript_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n cap._n 4._o decret_a de_fw-fr immunit_fw-la eccles._n write_v innocentius_n iii_o illustri_fw-la regi_fw-la scotiae_fw-la which_o behove_v to_o be_v to_o king_n william_n who_o do_v reign_v in_o that_o pope_n time_n nor_o be_v this_o argument_n from_o the_o designation_n conclude_v since_o it_o be_v not_o convertible_a for_o even_o feudatory_a king_n do_v and_o do_v assume_v their_o designation_n from_o the_o kingdom_n they_o hold_v as_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n sicily_n etc._n etc._n which_o evince_v that_o it_o follow_v not_o necessary_o that_o the_o king_n of_o these_o kingdom_n be_v feudatory_a king_n because_o they_o be_v design_v reges_fw-la scotorum_fw-la and_o not_o scotiae_fw-la and_o in_o many_o place_n of_o his_o history_n matth._n paris_n call_v the_o king_n of_o england_n reges_fw-la anglorum_fw-la as_o in_o the_o whole_a life_n of_o king_n john_n henry_n the_o three_o it_o appear_v also_o by_o the_o former_a transaction_n betwixt_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o the_o governor_n of_o scotland_n that_o margaret_n be_v even_o by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n constant_o design_v regina_fw-la ac_fw-la domina_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o i_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n betwixt_o henry_n the_o vii_o for_o his_o daughter_n queen_n margaret_n and_o james_n the_o iv._o that_o sometime_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n be_v call_v rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la and_o sometime_o rex_fw-la scotiae_fw-la in_o the_o same_o paper_n and_o the_o commission_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n for_o complete_n that_o marriage_n be_v call_v commissio_fw-la regis_fw-la scotiae_fw-la pro_fw-la matrimonio_fw-la in_o all_o which_o contract_n the_o king_n of_o scotland_n be_v call_v charissimus_fw-la noster_fw-la frater_fw-la a_o title_n never_o grant_v to_o a_o feudatory_a king_n by_o his_o superior_a and_o the_o people_n of_o scotland_n be_v there_o call_v subditi_fw-la regis_fw-la scotiae_fw-la whereas_o if_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n have_v be_v only_o a_o feudatory_a prince_n we_o have_v be_v subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o not_o to_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n and_o there_o need_v no_o other_o argument_n against_o heylen_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n be_v ofttimes_o call_v reges_fw-la scotiae_fw-la than_o the_o instance_n bring_v by_o himself_o of_o the_o charter_n grant_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o to_o peter_n dodge_n wherein_o balliol_n be_v confess_v by_o himself_o to_o be_v call_v roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr escosse_n king_n of_o scotland_n and_o this_o prove_v that_o the_o say_v heylen_n lay_v down_o ground_n which_o be_v not_o only_o false_a but_o inconsistent_a but_o second_o though_o this_o be_v true_a yet_o it_o prove_v nothing_o see_v the_o goth_n and_o pict_n be_v a_o free_a people_n and_o yet_o their_o king_n be_v call_v reges_fw-la pictorum_fw-la &_o gothorum_fw-la which_o phrase_n be_v ordinary_a among_o conquer_a nation_n such_o as_o the_o scot_n be_v who_o prince_n have_v at_o first_o no_o fix_v kingdom_n do_v whilst_o their_o people_n be_v spread_v themselves_o in_o colony_n rather_o assume_v a_o title_n from_o the_o people_n than_o from_o their_o country_n and_o see_v man_n be_v vassal_n and_o not_o land_n it_o will_v follow_v according_a to_o the_o term_n use_v by_o feudalist_n that_o see_v our_o king_n be_v reges_fw-la scotorum_fw-la that_o therefore_o the_o man_n be_v not_o vassal_n and_o so_o they_o hold_v not_o their_o land_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n nor_o be_v ejus_fw-la subvassalli_n aut_fw-la valvassores_fw-la the_o argument_n urge_v from_o many_o decision_n in_o england_n find_v that_o we_o be_v punishable_a as_o traitor_n in_o england_n and_o that_o we_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o subject_n and_o not_o as_o alien_n by_o their_o judge_n deserve_v no_o other_o answer_n then_o that_o since_o their_o king_n by_o their_o power_n can_v not_o make_v we_o vassal_n neither_o can_v their_o parliament_n or_o judge_n treat_v we_o as_o such_o and_o if_o their_o gownsman_n can_v have_v make_v we_o such_o they_o need_v not_o have_v employ_v arm_n to_o have_v shed_v so_o much_o blood_n in_o the_o quarrel_n nor_o can_v such_o domestic_a testimony_n prove_v in_o a_o case_n of_o so_o great_a importance_n and_o yet_o even_o the_o english_a proceed_n against_o those_o of_o our_o nation_n show_v that_o their_o own_o judicatories_n and_o lawyer_n consider_v we_o not_o as_o vassal_n but_o as_o the_o subject_n of_o a_o free_a and_o independent_a kingdom_n and_o among_o many_o other_o instance_n i_o shall_v only_o remember_v that_o of_o queen_n mary_n against_o who_o that_o nation_n proceed_v not_o as_o a_o vassal_n but_o as_o a_o person_n who_o have_v make_v herself_o liable_a to_o their_o jurisdiction_n ratione_fw-la loci_fw-la delicti_fw-la which_o be_v very_o clear_a by_o zouch_n de_fw-fr judicio_fw-la inter_fw-la gentes_fw-la part_n 2._o sect_n 6._o who_o very_a word_n i_o have_v here_o set_v down_o to_o prove_v not_o only_o this_o but_o that_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n be_v absoluti_fw-la and_o equal_a to_o and_o independent_a from_o those_o of_o england_n be_v both_o pare_v &_o absoluti_fw-la principes_fw-la his_o word_n be_v erant_fw-la boni_fw-la rerum_fw-la estimatores_fw-la qui_fw-la asperius_fw-la cum_fw-la illa_fw-la actum_fw-la affirmabant_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la fuerit_fw-la princip_n libera_fw-la &_o absoluta_fw-la in_fw-la quam_fw-la solius_fw-la dei_fw-la sit_fw-la imperium_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o majestatem_fw-la peccare_fw-la non_fw-la posset_n cui_fw-la subdita_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la quod_fw-la par_fw-fr in_fw-la parem_fw-la non_fw-la habeat_fw-la potestatem_fw-la unde_fw-la judicium_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la in_o robertum_fw-la siciliae_fw-la regem_fw-la irritum_fw-la pronounciatum_fw-la est_fw-la quia_fw-la imperio_fw-la ejus_fw-la non_fw-la esset_fw-la subditus_fw-la alii_fw-la aliter_fw-la censebant_fw-la illam_fw-la scilicet_fw-la subditam_fw-la esse_fw-la etsi_fw-la non_fw-la originariam_fw-la tamen_fw-la temporariam_fw-la quia_fw-la duo_fw-la absoluti_fw-la principes_fw-la quoad_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la in_fw-la uno_fw-la regno_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la parem_fw-la in_o parem_fw-la habere_fw-la potestatem_fw-la quoties_fw-la paris_n judicio_fw-la se_fw-la submiserit_fw-la vel_fw-la express_v verbis_fw-la vel_fw-la tacit_a contrahendo_fw-la vel_fw-la delinquendo_fw-la intra_fw-la paris_n scilicet_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la &_o papam_fw-la sententiam_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la in_o robertum_fw-la siculùm_fw-la rescidisse_fw-la quod_fw-la factum_fw-la in_o territorio_fw-la imperiali_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la sed_fw-la papali_fw-la denique_fw-la nullum_fw-la magnum_fw-la extare_fw-la exemplum_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la aliquid_fw-la ex_fw-la iniquo_fw-la habeat_fw-la and_o in_o the_o process_n against_o the_o bishop_n of_o ross_n as_o it_o be_v relate_v both_o by_o the_o foreign_a lawyer_n and_o by_o cambden_n it_o clear_o appear_v that_o he_o be_v proceed_v against_o not_o as_o a_o subject_a of_o england_n but_o as_o a_o mere_a stranger_n who_o not_o be_v subject_n ratione_fw-la originis_fw-la become_v subject_a ratione_fw-la delicti_fw-la as_o they_o allege_v and_o the_o learned_a author_n of_o the_o late_a jus_o maritimum_fw-la pag._n 451._o have_v speak_v of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o england_n over_o ireland_n have_v these_o word_n but_o in_o scotland_n it_o be_v otherways_o for_o that_o be_v a_o kingdom_n absolute_a and_o not_o like_o ireland_n which_o be_v a_o crown_n annex_v by_o conquest_n but_o the_o other_o be_v by_o union_n and_o though_o they_o be_v unite_v under_o one_o prince_n ad_fw-la fidem_fw-la yet_o their_o law_n be_v distinct_a so_o as_o they_o have_v never_o be_v unite_v and_o therefore_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o judgement_n in_o each_o other_o must_v be_v do_v upon_o request_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n nor_o need_v i_o answer_v the_o argument_n bring_v from_o the_o procedure_n against_o the_o heroic_a wallace_n and_o other_o for_o these_o instance_n show_v rather_o a_o excessive_a resentment_n upon_o present_a hostility_n than_o the_o justice_n of_o those_o who_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n proceed_v to_o murder_v such_o as_o be_v indeed_o prisoner_n of_o war_n fight_v for_o their_o own_o native_a king_n and_o country_n and_o even_o the_o english_a of_o that_o age_n by_o enter_v into_o truce_n ransom_v of_o prisoner_n and_o do_v all_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v only_o allowable_a in_o a_o just_a war_n may_v convince_v all_o mankind_n that_o in_o this_o and_o the_o like_a instance_n they_o succumb_v to_o the_o bitterness_n of_o their_o present_a passion_n i_o must_v here_o also_o crave_v leave_v to_o assert_v that_o though_o vassal_n be_v not_o to_o be_v treat_v as_o alien_n yet_o we_o find_v very_o frequent_o in_o history_n that_o whole_a nation_n have_v be_v naturalize_v and_o have_v