intricate_a that_o the_o justice_n of_o it_o can_v not_o appear_v and_o then_o the_o two_o champion_n put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o controversy_n by_o combat_n whilst_o howel_n dha_n be_v thus_o regulate_v the_o custom_n and_o meliorate_n the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o wales_n aulafe_n and_o regnald_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n forcible_o enter_v the_o country_n of_o king_n edmund_n who_o be_v vex_v with_o their_o incessant_a hostility_n gather_v his_o force_n together_o and_o as_o some_o say_v by_o the_o help_n of_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n who_o be_v afterward_o prince_n of_o wales_n followed_z they_o to_z northumberland_z and_o have_v overcome_v they_o in_o a_o pitch_a battle_n utter_o chase_v they_o out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o remain_v a_o whole_a year_n in_o those_o part_n to_o regulate_v and_o bring_v that_o country_n to_o some_o quiet_a order_n but_o find_v it_o impracticable_a to_o reduce_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o cumberland_n to_o any_o peaceable_a constitution_n have_v spoil_v and_o waste_v the_o country_n he_o give_v it_o up_o to_o malcolme_n king_n of_o scotland_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v send_v he_o succour_n in_o a.d._n 942_o his_o war_n whenever_o demand_v of_o he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o welsh_a have_v but_o little_a occasion_n to_o rejoice_v hubert_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n marclois_n bishop_n of_o bangor_n a.d._n 944_o and_o vssa_n the_o son_n of_o lhafyr_n be_v dead_a and_o short_o after_o the_o english_a enter_v into_o wales_n with_o a_o very_a strong_a army_n put_v the_o country_n into_o a_o great_a consternation_n but_o be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o destruction_n and_o spoil_n of_o strat_n clwyd_n they_o return_v home_o without_o do_v any_o more_o mischief_n the_o same_o time_n conan_n the_o son_n of_o elis_n be_v like_a to_o be_v treacherous_o put_v to_o death_n by_o poison_n and_o everus_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n dye_v the_o next_o year_n edmund_n king_n of_o england_n be_v unlucky_o slay_v upon_o s._n augustine_n day_n but_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o death_n be_v various_o deliver_v some_o say_v that_o discover_v a_o note_a thief_n who_o be_v outlaw_v sit_v among_o his_o guest_n be_v transport_v with_o indignation_n against_o so_o confident_a a_o villain_n run_v upon_o he_o very_o furious_o who_o expect_v nothing_o less_o than_o death_n think_v to_o die_v not_o unrevenged_a and_o therefore_o with_o a_o short_a dagger_n give_v the_o king_n a_o mortal_a wound_n in_o the_o breast_n other_o report_v that_o as_o the_o king_n will_v have_v rescue_v a_o servant_n of_o he_o from_o a_o officer_n who_o have_v arrest_v he_o he_o be_v unwitting_o and_o unhappy_o slay_v by_o the_o same_o but_o however_o his_o death_n happen_v he_o lie_v bury_v at_o glastenbury_n in_o who_o place_n his_o brother_n edred_n be_v crown_v king_n of_o england_n who_o no_o soon_o have_v enter_v upon_o his_o government_n but_o he_o make_v a_o expedition_n against_o scotland_n and_o northumberland_n which_o be_v subdue_v he_o receive_v fealty_n and_o homage_n by_o oath_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o northumbrian_n which_o they_o do_v not_o long_o observe_v short_o after_o howel_n dha_n after_o a_o a.d._n 948_o long_a and_o peaceable_a reign_n over_o wales_n dye_v much_o lament_v and_o bewail_v of_o all_o his_o subject_n be_v a_o prince_n of_o a_o religious_a and_o a_o virtuous_a inclination_n and_o one_o that_o ever_o regard_v the_o welfare_n and_o prosperity_n of_o his_o people_n he_o leave_v issue_n behind_o he_o owen_n run_z roderic_n and_o edwin_n betwixt_o who_o and_o the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n late_a prince_n of_o north_n wales_n great_a war_n and_o commotion_n arise_v afterward_o about_o the_o chief_a rule_n and_o government_n of_o wales_n but_o the_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n as_o some_o writer_n record_v be_v these_o viz._n owen_n who_o do_v not_o long_o survive_v his_o father_n eineon_n meredyth_n dyfnwal_n and_o rodri_n the_o two_o last_o whereof_o as_o be_v conceive_v be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n fight_v near_o lhanrwst_n in_o the_o year_n 952._o by_o the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n run_v lord_n of_o cardigan_n who_o be_v slay_v before_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n conan_n y_o cwn_n who_o possess_v anglesey_n edwin_n who_o be_v also_o slay_v as_o be_v suppose_v in_o the_o forementioned_a battle_n there_o be_v also_o another_o battle_n fight_v betwixt_o howel_n and_o conan_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n foel_n for_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n wherein_o conan_n fall_v and_o gruffydh_n his_o son_n renew_v the_o war_n be_v likewise_o overcome_v and_o so_o cyngar_n a_o powerful_a person_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o island_n howel_n enjoy_v quiet_a possession_n thereof_o and_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o gwynedh_n it_o be_v suppose_v that_o this_o howel_n dha_n be_v choose_v governor_n of_o wales_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o his_o uncle_n anarawd_n son_n who_o at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o father_n be_v too_o young_a to_o manage_v the_o principality_n which_o he_o keep_v till_o his_o return_n from_o rome_n at_o which_o time_n edwal_n foel_n be_v come_v of_o age_n he_o resign_v to_o he_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gwynedh_n or_o north-wales_n together_o with_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o all_o wales_n before_o which_o time_n howel_n be_v style_v brenhin_n cymry_n oll_n that_o be_v king_n of_o all_o wales_n as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o preface_n to_o that_o body_n of_o law_n compile_v by_o he_o jevaf_a and_o jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n after_o the_o death_n of_o howel_n dha_n his_o son_n divide_v betwixt_o they_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n and_o powis_n lay_v no_o claim_n to_o north-wales_n though_o their_o father_n have_v be_v a_o general_a prince_n of_o all_o wales_n but_o jevaf_n and_o jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n have_v put_v by_o their_o elder_a brother_n meyric_n as_o a_o person_n uncapable_a of_o government_n and_o be_v dissatisfy_v with_o the_o rule_n of_o north_n wales_n only_o imagine_v that_o the_o principality_n of_o all_o wales_n be_v their_o right_n as_o descend_v from_o the_o elder_a house_n which_o the_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n deny_v they_o indeed_o they_o have_v be_v wrongful_o keep_v out_o of_o the_o government_n of_o north_n wales_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o howel_n in_o who_o time_n the_o recovery_n of_o their_o own_o be_v impracticable_a by_o reason_n that_o for_o his_o moderation_n and_o other_o good_a quality_n he_o have_v attract_v to_o himself_o the_o universal_a love_n of_o all_o the_o welsh_a but_o now_o he_o be_v go_v they_o be_v resolve_v to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n receive_v by_o he_o upon_o his_o son_n and_o upon_o a_o small_a pretence_n endeavour_v to_o reduce_v the_o whole_a country_n of_o wales_n to_o their_o own_o subjection_n jevaf_a and_o jago_n be_v indeed_o descend_v from_o the_o elder_a branch_n but_o since_o roderic_n the_o great_a confer_v the_o principality_n of_o south_n wales_n upon_o his_o young_a son_n cadelh_n the_o father_n of_o howel_n dha_n it_o be_v but_o just_a his_o son_n shall_v enjoy_v what_o be_v legal_o descend_v to_o they_o by_o their_o father_n but_o ambition_n seldom_o give_v place_n to_o equity_n and_o therefore_o right_a or_o wrong_n jevaf_a and_o jago_n must_v have_v a_o touch_n for_o south-wales_n which_o they_o enter_v with_o a_o great_a army_n and_o be_v oppose_v they_o obtain_v a_o very_a opportune_a victory_n over_o owen_n and_o his_o brethren_n the_o son_n of_o howel_n at_o the_o hill_n of_o carno_n the_o next_o year_n the_o a.d._n 950_o two_o brother_n enter_v twice_o into_o south-wales_n destroy_v and_o waste_v dyfet_n and_o slay_v dwnwalhon_n lord_n of_o the_o country_n short_o after_o which_o roderic_n the_o three_o a.d._n 951_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n die_v but_o his_o brethren_n perceive_v the_o folly_n of_o stand_v only_o upon_o the_o defensive_a muster_v a.d._n 952_o all_o their_o force_n together_o and_o enter_v north-wales_n march_v as_o far_o as_o lhanrwst_n upon_o the_o river_n conwy_n where_o jevaf_a and_o jago_n meet_v they_o a_o very_a cruel_a battle_n ensue_v upon_o this_o and_o a_o very_a great_a number_n be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n among_o who_o be_v anarawd_n the_o son_n of_o gwyriad_n the_o son_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a and_o edwin_n the_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n but_o the_o victory_n plain_o favour_v the_o brother_n jevaf_n and_o jago_n so_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v oblige_v to_o retire_v to_o cardiganshire_n whither_o they_o be_v warm_o pursue_v and_o that_o country_n cruel_o harass_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n the_o next_o year_n merfyn_n be_v unhappy_o a.d._n 953_o drown_a and_o short_o after_o congelach_n king_n of_o ireland_n be_v slay_v the_o scot_n and_o northumbrian_n have_v late_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o king_n edred_n he_o be_v scarce_o return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n but_o aulafe_v with_o a_o great_a army_n land_v
in_o northumberland_n and_o be_v with_o much_o rejoice_v receive_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o before_o he_o can_v secure_v himself_o in_o the_o government_n he_o be_v shameful_o banish_v the_o country_n and_o so_o the_o northumbrian_n elect_v one_o hircius_n the_o son_n of_o harold_n for_o their_o king_n but_o to_o show_v the_o inconstancy_n of_o a_o unsettled_a multitude_n they_o soon_o grow_v weary_a of_o hircius_n and_o after_o three_o year_n space_n expel_v he_o and_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o edred_n who_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v eight_o year_n dye_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o winchester_n to_o he_o succeed_v edwin_n the_o son_n of_o edmund_n a_o man_n so_o immoderate_o give_v to_o venety_n that_o he_o forcible_o marry_v another_o man_n wife_n for_o which_o and_o other_o irregularity_n his_o subject_n after_o four_o year_n reign_v set_v up_o his_o brother_n edgar_n who_o be_v crown_v in_o his_o stead_n with_o a.d._n 958_o grief_n of_o which_o he_o soon_o end_v his_o day_n the_o summer_n that_o same_o year_n prove_v so_o immoderate_o hot_a that_o it_o cause_v a_o very_a dismal_a plague_n in_o the_o follow_a spring_n which_o sweep_v away_o a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n before_o which_o gwgan_n the_o son_n of_o gwyriad_n the_o son_n of_o roderie_n die_v at_o this_o time_n jevaf_a and_o jago_n forcible_o manage_v the_o government_n of_o all_o wales_n and_o act_v according_a to_o their_o own_o good_a pleasure_n no_o one_o dare_v to_o confront_v or_o resist_v they_o but_o for_o all_o their_o power_n the_o son_n of_o abloio_n king_n of_o ireland_n venture_v to_o land_n in_o anglesey_n and_o have_v burn_v holyhead_n waste_v the_o country_n of_o lhyn_n also_o the_o son_n of_o edwin_n the_o son_n of_o colhoyn_n destroy_v and_o ravage_v all_o the_o country_n to_o a.d._n 961_o towyn_n where_o they_o be_v intercept_v and_o slay_v about_o the_o same_o time_n die_v meyric_n the_o son_n of_o cadfan_n rytherch_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n and_o cadwalhon_n ap_fw-mi owen_n not_o long_o after_o the_o country_n of_o north-wales_n be_v cruel_o a.d._n 965_o waste_v by_o the_o army_n of_o edgar_n king_n of_o england_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o invasion_n be_v the_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o tribute_n that_o the_o king_n of_o aberffraw_n by_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o london_n but_o at_o length_n a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v upon_o these_o condition_n that_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n instead_o of_o money_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n the_o tribute_n of_o 300_o wolf_n yearly_a which_o creature_n be_v then_o very_o pernicious_a and_o destructive_a to_o england_n and_o wales_n this_o tribure_n be_v due_o perform_v for_o two_o year_n the_o three_o year_n there_o be_v none_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o island_n so_o that_o afterward_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n become_v exempt_a from_o pay_v any_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n a.d._n 966_o the_o terror_n apprehend_v from_o the_o english_a be_v by_o these_o mean_v vanish_v there_o threaten_v another_o cloud_n from_o ireland_n for_o the_o irish_a be_v animate_v by_o their_o late_a expedition_n land_v again_o in_o anglesey_n and_o have_v slay_v roderic_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n they_o destroy_v aboffraw_n and_o this_o danger_n be_v over_o jevaf_a and_o a.d._n 967_o â—ago_n who_o have_v joint_o and_o agreeable_o till_o now_o manage_v the_o government_n of_o wales_n from_o the_o death_n of_o howel_n â—ha_n begin_v to_o quarrel_n and_o disagree_v among_o themselves_o and_o jago_n have_v forcible_o lay_v hand_n upon_o his_o brother_n 〈◊〉_d confine_v he_o to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n these_o heat_n and_o animosity_n between_o the_o two_o brother_n a.d._n 968_o give_v occasion_n and_o opportunity_n to_o owen_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n to_o carve_v for_o himself_o who_o present_o seize_v to_o his_o hand_n the_o country_n of_o gwyr_n and_o to_o a.d._n 969_o augment_v the_o misery_n of_o the_o welsh_a at_o this_o time_n mactus_fw-la the_o son_n of_o harold_n with_o a_o army_n of_o dane_n entere_v the_o isle_n of_o anglescy_n and_o spoil_v penmon_n king_n edgar_z be_v so_o indulgent_a to_o these_o dane_n that_o he_o permit_v they_o to_o inhabit_v through_o all_o england_n insomuch_o that_o at_o length_n they_o become_v to_o be_v as_o numerous_a â—nd_n as_o strong_a as_o the_o english_a themselves_o and_o fall_v into_o â—uch_n lewd_a course_n of_o debauchery_n and_o such_o horrid_a drink_v that_o very_o great_a mischief_n ensue_v thereupon_o the_o king_n to_o reform_v this_o immoderate_a sottishness_n enact_v a_o law_n that_o very_o one_o shall_v drink_v by_o measure_n and_o so_o stamp_v a_o mark_n upon_o every_o vessel_n how_o â—â—at_a it_o shall_v be_v fill_v but_o harold_n have_v take_v pennon_n a.d._n 970_o make_v subject_n to_o himself_o the_o whole_a isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o however_o he_o do_v not_o keep_v long_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o same_o and_o to_o return_v home_o as_o do_v the_o fleet_n of_o king_n alfred_n which_o he_o have_v send_v to_o subdue_v caâ—rlheon_n upon_o vsc_n and_o now_o be_v rid_v of_o the_o a.d._n 971_o english_a and_o dane_n the_o welsh_a begin_v to_o raise_v commotion_n among_o themselves_o jevaf_fw-mi continue_v still_o in_o prison_n a.d._n 972_o to_o rescue_v who_o his_o son_n howel_n raise_v his_o power_n and_o march_v against_o his_o uncle_n jago_n who_o be_v vanquish_v in_o sight_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o country_n to_o â—ave_n himself_o howel_n have_v win_v the_o day_n take_v his_o elder_a uncle_n meyric_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n prisoner_n and_o pull_v out_o both_o his_o eye_n clap_v he_o in_o prison_n where_o in_o a_o woeful_a condition_n he_o short_o die_v leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n edwal_n and_o jonafal_n the_o first_o of_o which_o live_v to_o be_v afterward_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o to_o revenge_v upon_o the_o posterity_n of_o howel_n that_o unnatural_a barbarity_n show_v to_o his_o father_n but_o though_o howel_n deliver_v his_o father_n from_o his_o long_a and_o tedious_a imprisonment_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o principality_n for_o whether_o by_o age_n or_o infirmity_n he_o be_v incapable_a howel_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o sole_a government_n of_o wales_n which_o he_o keep_v and_o maintain_v for_o his_o life-time_n but_o afterward_o it_o descend_v to_o his_o brethren_n for_o jevaf_n have_v issue_n beside_o this_o howel_n meyric_n iâ—vaf_n and_o cadwalhan_n all_o three_o man_n of_o great_a repuâ—â—_n and_o esteem_n about_o this_o time_n die_v morgan_n hên_o in_o his_o young_a day_n call_v morgan_z mawr_z be_v a_o hundred_o yearâ—_n old_a have_v live_v fifty_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o hâ—â—_n wife_n elen_n daughter_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a by_o whoâ—_n he_o have_v one_o son_n call_v owen_n morgan_z be_v a_o valiant_a anâ—_n a_o victorious_a prince_n and_o well_o belove_v of_o his_o subject_n 〈◊〉_d but_o sometime_o before_o his_o death_n owen_n the_o son_n oâ—_n prince_n howel_n dha_n lay_v claim_n to_o ystradwy_n and_o eâ—y_n call_v the_o two_o sleeve_n of_o gwent_n vwchcoed_n be_v thâ—_n right_o of_o morgan_n and_o seize_v upon_o they_o to_o his_o owâ—_n use_v but_o the_o matter_n through_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n be_v by_o both_o party_n refer_v to_o the_o decision_n of_o edgar_n king_n of_o england_n it_o be_v by_o he_o adjudge_v that_o the_o say_v land_n do_v of_o right_o belong_v to_o morgan_n and_o to_o the_o diocese_n of_o lhandaff_n and_o that_o owen_n ap_fw-mi howel_n dha_n have_v wrongful_o possess_v himself_o of_o they_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o say_a award_n waâ—_n make_v before_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n and_o wales_n at_n may_v be_v see_v at_o lhandaff_n in_o a_o old_a manuscript_n call_v y_o cwtta_n cyfarwydd_n 〈◊〉_d forgannwg_n and_o there_o be_v somewhat_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n in_o the_o old_a book_n of_o lhandaff_n only_o the_o mistake_n in_o both_o be_v that_o they_o make_v howel_n dha_n the_o intruder_n into_o the_o say_a land_n who_o have_v be_v dead_a at_o least_o twenty_o year_n before_o king_n edgar_n begin_v his_o reign_n howel_n ap_fw-mi jevaf_fw-mi howel_n after_o that_o he_o have_v expel_v his_o uncle_n jago_n and_o force_v he_o to_o quit_v his_o own_o dominion_n â—â—ok_v upon_o himself_o the_o government_n of_o wales_n in_o â—â—ght_n of_o his_o father_n who_o though_o alive_a yet_o by_o reason_n of_o â—â—s_o year_n be_v willing_a to_o decline_v it_o about_o the_o same_o 〈◊〉_d dwnwalhon_n prince_n of_o stradclwyd_n take_v his_o journey_n for_o rome_n and_o edwalhon_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n â—f_n south-wales_n die_v but_o the_o english_a receive_v a_o â—â—eater_a blow_n by_o the_o death_n of_o king_n edgar_n who_o be_v prince_n of_o
of_o he_o what_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o pay_v for_o his_o liberty_n jorwerth_n be_v now_o almost_o ready_a to_o sink_v under_o a_o fatigue_n of_o so_o long_a imprisonment_n be_v glad_a to_o give_v any_o thing_n he_o be_v able_a to_o obtain_v that_o which_o he_o have_v so_o long_o in_o vain_a hope_v for_o and_o therefore_o he_o promise_v either_o 300_o l._n in_o specie_fw-la or_o to_o the_o value_n of_o it_o in_o cattle_n and_o horse_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o which_o jorwerth_n and_o ithel_n the_o son_n of_o his_o brother_n ryryd_n be_v deliver_v for_o pledge_n then_o the_o king_n release_v he_o out_o of_o prison_n and_o restore_v he_o all_o his_o land_n which_o be_v take_v from_o he_o and_o of_o the_o due_a for_o his_o liberty_n the_o king_n bestow_v 10_o l._n upon_o henry_n cadwgan_n son_n by_o the_o daughter_n of_o pygot_n de_fw-fr say_v the_o norman_a owen_n and_o madawc_n all_o this_o while_n commit_v all_o the_o waist_n and_o destruction_n possible_a and_o cruel_o annoy_v both_o the_o english_a and_o norman_n and_o always_o withdraw_v and_o retire_v to_o iorwerth_n estate_n which_o so_o trouble_v he_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o king_n be_v strict_a order_n not_o to_o permit_v owen_n to_o come_v to_o his_o or_o cadwgan_n territory_n that_o at_o length_n he_o send_v to_o they_o this_o positive_a and_o peremptory_a rebuke_n since_o it_o have_v please_v god_n to_o place_v we_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o our_o enemy_n and_o to_o deliver_v we_o into_o their_o hand_n and_o have_v so_o far_o weaken_v we_o as_o that_o we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v any_o thing_n by_o our_o own_o strength_n and_o your_o father_n cadwgan_n and_o myself_o be_v particular_o command_v under_o penalty_n of_o forfeit_v our_o land_n and_o estate_n not_o to_o afford_v you_o any_o succour_n or_o refuge_n during_o these_o your_o rebellious_a practice_n therefore_o as_o a_o friend_n i_o entreat_v you_o command_v you_o as_o a_o lord_n and_o desire_v you_o as_o a_o kinsman_n that_o you_o come_v no_o more_o to_o i_o or_o your_o father_n cadwgan_n territory_n owen_n and_o madawc_n receive_v such_o a_o presumptuous_a message_n be_v the_o more_o enrage_a and_o in_o the_o way_n of_o a_o malignant_a retribution_n do_v more_o frequent_o than_o heretofore_o shelter_n themselves_o in_o iorwerth_n country_n in_o so_o much_o that_o at_o last_o since_o that_o they_o will_v neither_o by_o threat_n nor_o entreaty_n desist_v from_o their_o wont_a course_n he_o be_v force_v to_o gather_v his_o power_n and_o to_o drive_v they_o out_o by_o force_n of_o arms._n be_v chase_v out_o hence_o they_o make_v inroad_n into_o vchtryd_n country_n in_o merionythshire_n but_o vchtryd_n son_n be_v then_o in_o cyveilioc_n hear_v of_o it_o they_o send_v to_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n with_o positive_a order_n to_o oppose_v and_o resist_v any_o offer_n they_o will_v make_v to_o enter_v the_o country_n the_o people_n though_o want_v a_o skilful_a commander_n be_v resolve_v to_o do_v as_o much_o as_o lay_v in_o their_o power_n and_o so_o meet_v with_o they_o by_o the_o way_n they_o set_v upon_o they_o so_o furious_o that_o owen_n and_o madawc_n though_o after_o a_o brave_a defence_n be_v force_v to_o bear_v back_o and_o to_o take_v the_o heel_n owen_n to_o cardigan_n to_o his_o father_n cadwgan_n and_o madawc_n to_o powy_n yet_o all_o this_o misfortune_n can_v not_o suppress_v the_o restless_a spirit_n of_o owen_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o can_v rally_v together_o his_o scatter_a troop_n he_o make_v divers_a inroad_n into_o dyfed_a and_o carry_v away_o several_a person_n to_o the_o ship_n that_o they_o come_v in_o from_o ireland_n he_o first_o ransom_v they_o and_o then_o list_v they_o under_o his_o own_o command_n make_v such_o addition_n to_o his_o army_n that_o he_o venture_v to_o set_v upon_o a_o town_n in_o dyfed_a belong_v to_o the_o fleming_n and_o have_v raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n he_o return_v to_o cardigan_n have_v no_o regard_n to_o what_o inconveniency_n may_v befall_v his_o father_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n upon_o this_o account_n which_o a_o little_a afterward_o unhappy_o fall_v out_o for_o it_o happen_v that_o some_o of_o owen_n man_n have_v have_v intelligence_n that_o a_o certain_a bishop_n call_v william_n de_fw-fr brabant_n be_v upon_o his_o journey_n through_o that_o country_n to_o the_o court_n of_o england_n lay_v wait_v for_o his_o come_n who_o without_o any_o apprehension_n of_o treachery_n pass_v through_o the_o country_n be_v unexpected_o slay_v he_o and_o all_o his_o retinue_n jorwerth_n and_o cadwgan_n be_v then_o at_o court_n to_o speak_v with_o king_n henry_n concern_v certain_a business_n of_o their_o own_o but_o whilst_o they_o discourse_v the_o king_n in_o come_v a_o fleming_n that_o be_v a_o brother_n to_o the_o decease_a bishop_n and_o with_o a_o very_a loud_a exclamation_n complain_v how_o that_o owen_n cadwgan_n son_n have_v slay_v his_o brother_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o company_n and_o that_o he_o be_v succour_v and_o entertain_v in_o cadwgan_n country_n king_n henry_n hear_v this_o be_v wrathful_o displease_v at_o such_o cruel_a barbarity_n that_o a_o person_n of_o that_o quality_n and_o profession_n shall_v be_v so_o treacherous_o murder_v and_o therefore_o he_o ask_v cadwgan_n what_o he_o can_v say_v to_o the_o matter_n who_o answer_v that_o what_o have_v so_o unhappy_o fall_v out_o be_v do_v without_o the_o least_o of_o his_o knowledge_n or_o approbation_n and_o therefore_o desire_v his_o majesty_n to_o impute_v all_o the_o blame_v and_o gild_n of_o that_o unfortunate_a action_n to_o his_o son_n owen_n but_o king_n henry_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v satisfy_v with_o this_o reply_n that_o he_o tell_v cadwgan_n in_o a_o violent_a passion_n that_o since_o he_o can_v not_o keep_v his_o son_n so_o but_o that_o he_o be_v aid_v and_o continual_o entertain_v in_o his_o country_n he_o will_v bestow_v it_o upon_o another_o person_n who_o be_v better_o able_a and_o more_o willing_a to_o keep_v he_o out_o and_o will_v allow_v he_o a_o maintenance_n upon_o his_o own_o proper_a charge_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o enter_v into_o wales_n any_o more_o without_o his_o far_a order_n and_o so_o grant_v he_o twenty_o day_n for_o the_o order_n his_o affair_n he_o give_v he_o liberty_n to_o retire_v to_o any_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n except_v wales_n when_o owen_n and_o madawc_n be_v inform_v how_o cadwgan_n be_v treat_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o that_o cardigan_n which_o be_v their_o chief_a place_n of_o refuge_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o another_o person_n they_o think_v that_o their_o condition_n by_o this_o time_n be_v desperate_a and_o that_o they_o have_v not_o better_o stay_v any_o long_o in_o britain_n and_o therefore_o with_o all_o speed_n they_o take_v ship_v for_o ireland_n where_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o be_v honourable_o entertain_v by_o king_n murkart_n then_o king_n henry_n send_v for_o gilbert_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strygill_n a_o person_n of_o note_a worth_n and_o valour_n and_o one_o who_o have_v often_o sue_v to_o the_o king_n for_o to_o grant_v he_o some_o land_n in_o wales_n and_o bestow_v upon_o he_o all_o the_o land_n and_o inheritance_n of_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n in_o case_n he_o can_v conquer_v and_o bring_v the_o country_n under_o gilbert_n very_o thankful_o accept_v of_o the_o proposal_n and_o have_v draw_v together_o all_o the_o force_n he_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v he_o pass_v to_o wales_n and_o be_v come_v to_o cardigan_n without_o the_o least_o trouble_v or_o opposition_n he_o reduce_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o his_o subjection_n the_o first_o thing_n he_o do_v be_v the_o best_a he_o can_v to_o secure_v himself_o in_o this_o new-purchased_n inheritance_n in_o order_n to_o which_o he_o erect_v two_o castle_n one_o upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o north-wales_n upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n ystwyth_n a_o mile_n distant_a from_o lhanbadarn_n the_o other_o towards_o dyfed_a upon_o the_o river_n teifi_n at_o a_o place_n call_v dyngerant_fw-la where_o as_o some_o think_v roger_n montgomery_n have_v sometime_o before_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o cilgarran_n castle_n owen_n and_o madawc_n be_v all_o this_o while_n in_o ireland_n but_o this_o latter_a be_v at_o length_n tire_v with_o the_o country_n and_o not_o willing_a to_o endure_v the_o manner_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o irish_a come_v over_o for_o wales_n and_o pass_v to_o the_o country_n of_o his_o uncle_n jorwerth_n jorwerth_n be_v acquaint_v with_o his_o arrival_n be_v fearful_a to_o suffer_v the_o same_o fate_n with_o his_o brother_n cadwgan_n by_o wink_v at_o his_o be_v there_o and_o therefore_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o relation_n or_o consanguinity_n he_o present_o issue_v out_o a_o proclamation_n forbid_v any_o of_o his_o subject_n under_o a_o
interdict_v and_o forbid_v to_o enter_v any_o man_n house_n or_o to_o compose_v any_o song_n of_o any_o one_o without_o the_o special_a leave_n and_o warrant_v of_o the_o party_n concern_v with_o many_o other_o ordinance_n relate_v to_o the_o like_a purpose_n owen_n gwynedh_n after_o the_o death_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n his_o elder_a son_n owen_n surname_v gwynedh_n succeed_v in_o the_o principality_n of_o north_n wales_n who_o no_o soon_o have_v enter_v upon_o the_o government_n but_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n he_o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o south-wales_n and_o have_v demolish_v and_o overthrow_v the_o castle_n of_o stradmeyric_n stephan_n and_o humffreys_n and_o lay_v in_o ash_n the_o town_n of_o caermardhyn_n he_o return_v home_o with_o no_o less_o honour_n than_o booty_n and_o plunder_n about_o the_o same_o time_n john_n archdeacon_n of_o lhanbaran_n depart_v this_o life_n a_o man_n of_o singular_a piety_n and_o strictness_n of_o life_n who_o for_o his_o rigid_a zeal_n in_o religion_n and_o virtue_n be_v think_v worthy_a to_o be_v canonize_v and_o to_o be_v count_v among_o the_o number_n of_o the_o saint_n this_o year_n likewise_o king_n stephen_n pass_v over_o to_o normandy_n and_o have_v conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o french_a king_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o anjou_n return_v back_o to_o england_n without_o any_o further_a delay_n but_o the_o follow_a spring_n give_v opportunity_n for_o great_a undertake_n david_n king_n of_o scot_n upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n go_v to_o france_n last_o summer_n have_v enter_v the_o border_n of_o england_n and_o continue_v to_o make_v considerable_a waste_v and_o havoc_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n whereupon_o king_n stephen_n to_o rid_v his_o country_n and_o his_o subject_n from_o so_o dangerous_a a_o enemy_n march_v with_o a_o army_n towards_o the_o north_n who_o come_v the_o king_n of_o scot_n hear_v of_o he_o relinquish_v the_o border_n of_o england_n and_o retire_v to_o his_o own_o country_n but_o that_o will_v not_o satisfy_v king_n stephen_n who_o desire_v to_o be_v further_o revenge_v for_o the_o unpardonable_a hostility_n commit_v by_o the_o scot_n in_o his_o country_n and_o therefore_o pursue_v the_o scot_n to_o their_o own_o country_n he_o harassed_a and_o lay_v waist_n all_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n but_o the_o king_n absence_n animate_v several_a of_o the_o english_a nobility_n to_o rebel_n to_o which_o purpose_n they_o fortify_v every_o one_o their_o castle_n and_o strong_a hold_v william_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n those_o of_o leeds_n and_o bristol_n ralph_n lunel_n cariola_n william_n fitzallen_n shrewsbury_n paganellus_n ludlow_n william_n the_o moyun_n dunester_n robert_n the_o nichol_n warham_n eustace_n fitz-john_n merton_n and_o walklyn_n dover_n but_o for_o all_o these_o mighty_a preparation_n the_o king_n in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v master_n of_o they_o all_o some_o he_o win_v by_o assault_n other_o upon_o fair_a promise_n and_o advantageous_a condition_n be_v surrender_v up_o and_o some_o he_o get_v by_o treacherous_a and_o underhand_o contrivance_n the_o scot_n think_v to_o make_v good_a advantage_n of_o these_o commotion_n in_o england_n and_o thereupon_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o hear_v that_o some_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n be_v in_o actual_a rebellion_n against_o the_o king_n they_o enter_v into_o the_o border_n and_o begin_v as_o they_o think_v without_o any_o apprehension_n of_o opposition_n to_o ravage_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o country_n before_o '_o they_o but_o william_n earl_n of_o albemarle_n william_n pyppell_n earl_n of_o nottingham_n walter_n espec_n and_o gilbert_n lacie_n gather_v together_o all_o the_o force_n they_o can_v raise_v in_o the_o north_n and_o be_v animate_v and_o encourage_v by_o the_o eloquent_a and_o press_a oration_n of_o ralph_n bishop_n of_o orkneys_n which_o he_o deliver_v in_o the_o audience_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n they_o set_v upon_o the_o scot_n at_o almerton_n with_o such_o unanimous_a courage_n that_o after_o a_o very_a great_a slaughter_n of_o his_o man_n king_n david_n be_v glad_a to_o escape_v with_o his_o life_n by_o flight_n after_o this_o king_n stephen_n seize_v to_o his_o own_o use_n the_o castle_n of_o ludlow_n and_o leeds_n and_o press_v the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n and_o lincoln_n so_o hard_o that_o to_o prevent_v their_o perish_v by_o famine_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o surrender_v the_o former_a the_o castle_n of_o vise_n and_o shirburn_n the_o latter_a those_o of_o newark_n upon_o trent_n and_o sleeford_n this_o do_v not_o a_o little_a augment_v the_o king_n strength_n against_o the_o ensue_a storm_n for_o in_o the_o summer_n this_o year_n maud_n the_o empress_n daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o king_n henry_n to_o who_o king_n stephen_n with_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n have_v swear_v allegiance_n land_v at_o arundel_n with_o her_o brother_n robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o be_v there_o honourable_o receive_v by_o william_n de_fw-fr albineto_n who_o be_v late_o marry_v to_o queen_n adeliz_n king_n henry_n widow_n with_o who_o he_o receive_v the_o earldom_n of_o arundel_n in_o dowry_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o king_n stephen_n hear_v of_o her_o land_n he_o march_v with_o all_o possible_a speed_n to_o arundel_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n but_o find_v it_o upon_o trial_n impregnable_a he_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v suffer_v the_o empress_n and_o her_o brother_n to_o escape_v to_o bristol_n a.d._n 1138_o the_o next_o year_n a_o unlucky_a accident_n fall_v out_o in_o wales_n cynric_n one_o of_o prince_n owen_n son_n have_v by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o disgu_v madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n a_o person_n of_o considerable_a esteem_n and_o estate_n in_o the_o country_n be_v with_o his_o connivance_n set_v upon_o and_o slay_v by_o his_o men._n but_o the_o affair_n of_o england_n this_o year_n afford_v great_a rarity_n of_o action_n king_n stephen_n with_o a_o formidable_a army_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o which_o ranulph_n earl_n of_o chester_n and_o robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n march_v with_o their_o force_n but_o before_o they_o can_v arrive_v the_o town_n be_v take_v whereupon_o they_o draw_v up_o their_o force_n in_o order_n to_o give_v the_o king_n battle_n who_o on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v as_o ready_a to_o receive_v they_o king_n stephen_n draw_v up_o his_o force_n in_o three_o battle_n the_o first_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o britain_n mellent_a norfolk_n hampton_n and_o warren_n the_o second_o by_o the_o earl_n of_o albemarle_n and_o william_n of_o ypres_n and_o the_o three_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o assist_v by_o baldwyn_n fitz-gilbert_n with_o several_a other_o of_o his_o nobility_n of_o the_o enemy_n side_n the_o disinherited_a baron_n have_v the_o first_o place_n the_o earl_n of_o chester_n with_o a_o considerable_a party_n of_o welshman_n far_o better_o courage_v than_o arm_v lead_v the_o second_o and_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n the_o three_o battle_n after_o a_o hot_a and_o bloody_a dispute_n of_o both_o side_n the_o victory_n at_o length_n favour_v the_o baron_n king_n stephen_n be_v first_o take_v prisoner_n and_o a_o little_a after_o the_o queen_n together_o with_o william_n of_o ypres_n and_o bryan_n fitz-count_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o william_n martell_n and_o geffrey_n de_fw-fr mandeville_n gather_v together_o some_o fresh_a force_n and_o fight_v the_o empress_n and_o her_o brother_n at_o winchester_n and_o have_v put_v the_o empress_n to_o flight_n take_v earl_n robert_n prisoner_n for_o exchange_v of_o who_o the_o king_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n the_o next_o year_n king_n stephen_n will_v a.d._n 1139_o try_v the_o other_o adventure_n and_o receive_v a_o second_o overthrow_n at_o wilton_n which_o however_o do_v not_o so_o much_o discourage_v he_o but_o that_o he_o lay_v so_o close_a a_o siege_n to_o the_o empress_n at_o oxford_n that_o she_o be_v glad_a to_o make_v she_o escape_v to_o wallingford_n the_o same_o year_n die_v madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n a_o person_n of_o great_a quality_n and_o note_n in_o wales_n and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi howel_n a_o man_n of_o no_o mean_a esteem_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o son_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi gwyn_n for_o the_o two_o succeed_a year_n nothing_o remarkable_a a.d._n 1140_o pass_v in_o wales_n except_v that_o this_o year_n howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhytherch_n of_o cantref_n rychan_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi howel_n be_v cowardly_o slay_v by_o the_o treachery_n and_o perfidious_a practice_n of_o the_o fleming_n and_o the_o next_o a.d._n 1141_o year_n howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n be_v base_o murder_v by_o his_o own_o man_n at_o which_o time_n howel_n and_o cadwgan_n the_o son_n of_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n upon_o some_o unhappy_a quarrel_n do_v kill_v
as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v oppose_v send_v he_o to_o the_o king_n officer_n to_o be_v imprison_v at_o winchester_n from_o whence_o he_o quick_o find_v a_o way_n to_o escape_v and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n he_o return_v home_o to_o his_o country_n king_n henry_n continue_v all_o this_o while_n in_o normandy_n and_o during_o his_o stay_n there_o a_o match_n be_v conclude_v upon_o betwixt_o his_o son_n henry_n and_o margaret_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n king_n of_o france_n but_o this_o new_a alliance_n can_v not_o prevent_v these_o two_o monarch_n from_o a.d._n 1160_o fall_v at_o variance_n with_o each_o other_o which_o happen_v the_o year_n follow_v and_o thereupon_o king_n henry_n march_v with_o his_o army_n to_o gascoigne_n to_o quell_v certain_a rebel_n who_o upon_o first_o notice_n of_o this_o breach_n between_o both_o king_n be_v up_o in_o arm_n against_o the_o english_a but_o the_o next_o year_n a_o peace_n be_v again_o conclude_v and_o so_o all_o thing_n return_v to_o their_o former_a state_n of_o a.d._n 1161_o amity_n and_o quietness_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o wales_n for_o howel_n the_o son_n of_o jevaf_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi athlestlan_n glodryth_n have_v get_v to_o his_o hand_n the_o castle_n of_o walwern_n in_o cyfeilioc_n raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n which_o so_o incense_v prince_n owen_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o it_o that_o nothing_o can_v lay_v his_o fury_n till_o he_o have_v draw_v his_o force_n together_o and_o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o lhandhinam_n in_o arust_o howel_n country_n which_o he_o cruel_o harrass_v and_o carry_v away_o considerable_a booty_n the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n perceive_v these_o devastation_n of_o the_o north-wales_n man_n come_v together_o to_o the_o number_n of_o 300_o man_n offer_v their_o service_n to_o their_o natural_a lord_n howel_n ap_fw-mi jefaf_fw-mi who_o upon_o this_o addition_n of_o strength_n follow_v the_o enemy_n to_o the_o bank_n of_o severn_n where_o they_o be_v encamp_v prince_n owen_n find_v they_o to_o march_v after_o he_o be_v glad_a of_o the_o opportunity_n to_o be_v further_o revenge_v upon_o howel_n and_o so_o turn_v sudden_o upon_o they_o he_o slay_v about_o two_o hundred_o man_n the_o rest_n narrow_o escape_v with_o howel_n to_o the_o wood_n and_o rock_n owen_n be_v more_o joyful_a for_o the_o revenge_n he_o have_v take_v of_o howel_n than_o for_o any_o victory_n he_o have_v gain_v rebuilt_a walwern_n castle_n and_o have_v well_o fortify_v and_o man_v it_o return_v home_o to_o north-wales_n a.d._n 1162_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o like_a thing_n happen_v owen_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n common_o call_v owen_n cyfeilioc_n o_o wynedh_n together_o with_o owen_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi howel_n set_v upon_o carrechofa_n castle_n near_o oswestry_n and_o have_v overpower_a the_o garrison_n commit_v great_a waste_n and_o destruction_n therein_o but_o about_o the_o same_o time_n a_o pleasant_a passage_n happen_v in_o england_n robert_n mountford_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr essex_n who_o have_v both_o fight_v against_o the_o welsh_a upon_o the_o march_n and_o both_o run_v begin_v now_o to_o impeach_v each_o other_o as_o be_v the_o first_o occasion_n of_o fly_v the_o dispute_n be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o combat_n in_o which_o be_v engage_v henry_n be_v overcome_v and_o for_o his_o false_a accuse_v of_o robert_n he_o be_v sentence_v to_o have_v his_o estate_n forfeit_v and_o then_o have_v his_o crown_n shear_v he_o be_v enter_v a_o monk_n at_o redding_n within_o a_o little_a after_o king_n henry_n calling_z to_o mind_n what_o prince_n rhys_n have_v commit_v during_o his_o absence_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n draw_v up_o a_o great_a army_n against_o south-wales_n and_o have_v march_v as_o far_o as_o pencadyr_n near_o brecknock_n rhys_n meet_v he_o and_o do_v his_o homage_n and_o have_v deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o his_o future_a behaviour_n stop_v the_o king_n far_a progress_n so_o that_o thence_o he_o return_v to_o england_n but_o after_o the_o king_n departure_n two_o very_a unlucky_a accident_n happen_v in_o wales_n eineon_n the_o son_n of_o anarawd_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi nephew_n to_o prince_n rhys_n be_v villainous_o murder_v in_o his_o bed_n by_o his_o own_o servant_n called_z walter_z ap_fw-mi lhywarch_n as_o also_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n in_o like_a manner_n by_o one_o walter_z ap_fw-mi riccart_n but_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o nephew_n prince_n rhys_n make_v up_o by_o possess_v himself_o of_o that_o large_a country_n call_v cantref_o maâ—r_a and_o the_o land_n of_o dynefowr_n which_o he_o afterward_o enjoy_v of_o man_n of_o learning_n there_o die_v this_o year_n cadifor_n ap_fw-mi daniel_n archdeacon_n of_o cardigan_n and_o henry_n ap_fw-mi arthen_n the_o great_a scholar_n that_o have_v flourish_v in_o wales_n for_o many_o year_n the_o next_o year_n a_o total_a rupture_n break_v forth_o betwixt_o a.d._n 1163_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a prince_n rhys_n a_o man_n of_o a_o active_a and_o uncontrollable_a spirit_n be_v now_o experimental_o sensible_a he_o can_v never_o carry_v on_o the_o greatness_n and_o grandeur_n of_o his_o quality_n with_o such_o land_n as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v allot_v he_o make_v a_o invasion_n into_o the_o lordship_n of_o roger_n de_fw-fr acre_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n be_v move_v thereto_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o nephew_n anarawd_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi be_v murder_v by_o his_o motive_n and_o instigation_n be_v advance_v with_o a_o strong_a army_n into_o the_o earl_n of_o glocester_n estate_n without_o any_o great_a opposition_n he_o take_v aberheidol_n castle_n with_o those_o belong_v to_o the_o son_n of_o wyhyaon_n all_o which_o he_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n thence_o he_o march_v to_o cardigan_n bring_v all_o that_o country_n under_o his_o subjection_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o march_v against_o the_o fleming_n who_o country_n he_o cruel_o harass_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o wales_n perceive_v prince_n rhys_n to_o prosper_v so_o successful_o against_o the_o english_a think_v they_o may_v equal_o succeed_v and_o shake_v off_o the_o english_a yoke_n which_o so_o unreasonable_o oppress_v they_o and_o therefore_o they_o unanimous_o agree_v to_o cast_v off_o their_o subjection_n to_o the_o english_a who_o tyranny_n they_o can_v no_o long_o bear_v and_o to_o put_v over_o they_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n who_o superiority_n they_o can_v better_o tolerate_v and_o so_o this_o year_n conclude_v with_o make_v suitable_a preparation_n for_o the_o follow_a campaign_n a.d._n 1164_o and_o therefore_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o time_n of_o year_n for_o action_n be_v advance_v david_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n fall_v upon_o flintshire_n which_o pertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o carry_v off_o all_o the_o people_n and_o cattle_n with_o he_o bring_v they_o to_o dyffryn_n clwyd_n otherwise_o ruthyn_n land_n king_n henry_n understand_v this_o gather_v together_o his_o force_n and_o with_o all_o speed_n march_v to_o defend_v both_o his_o subject_n and_o town_n from_o the_o incursion_n and_o depredation_n of_o the_o welsh_a be_v come_v to_o ruthlan_n and_o encamp_v there_o three_o day_n he_o quick_o perceive_v he_o can_v do_v no_o great_a matter_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o army_n be_v not_o sufficient_o numerous_a and_o therefore_o he_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o return_v back_o to_o england_n and_o to_o augment_v his_o force_n before_o he_o shall_v attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o according_o he_o levy_v the_o most_o choose_a man_n throughout_o all_o his_o dominion_n of_o england_n normandy_n anjou_n gascoin_n and_o gwien_n beside_o those_o succour_n from_o flanders_n and_o britain_n and_o then_o set_v forward_o for_o north-wales_n purpose_v to_o destroy_v without_o mercy_n every_o live_a thing_n he_o can_v possible_o meet_v with_o and_o be_v advance_v as_o far_o as_o croes-oswalt_n call_v oswestry_n he_o encamp_v there_o on_o the_o other_o side_n prince_z owen_z and_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n with_o all_o the_o strength_n of_o north-wales_n prince_n rhys_n with_o those_o of_o south-wales_n owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n with_o all_o the_o power_n of_o powy_n the_o two_o son_n of_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n with_o the_o people_n live_v betwixt_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n and_o wye_n meet_v together_o and_o pitch_v their_o camp_n at_o corwen_n in_o edeyrneon_n intend_v unanimous_o to_o defend_v their_o country_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n king_n henry_n understanding_n that_o they_o be_v so_o near_o be_v very_o desirous_a to_o come_v to_o battle_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o remove_v to_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n ceireoc_n cause_v all_o the_o wood_n thereabouts_o to_o be_v cut_v down_o for_o fear_v of_o
bruce_n under_o pretence_n of_o congratulate_v this_o new_a peace_n and_o agreement_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a invite_v sitsylht_v and_o geffrey_n his_o son_n with_o several_z other_o of_o the_o person_n of_o chief_a note_n in_o gwentland_n to_o a_o feast_n in_o his_o castle_n of_o abergavenny_n which_o by_o composition_n he_o have_v late_o receive_v from_o they_o sitsylht_o with_o the_o rest_n come_v according_a to_o appointment_n and_o without_o the_o least_o suspicion_n of_o any_o treasonable_a design_n but_o after_o they_o have_v be_v civil_o entertain_v for_o some_o time_n william_n bruce_n to_o move_v a_o quarrel_n against_o they_o begin_v at_o last_o to_o propound_v certain_a article_n to_o they_o to_o be_v by_o they_o keep_v and_o perform_v and_o among_o other_o unreasonable_a condition_n they_o be_v to_o swear_v that_o none_o of_o they_o shall_v at_o any_o time_n carry_v with_o they_o bow_n or_o sword_n the_o welsh_a refuse_v to_o consent_v to_o and_o sign_n such_o improper_a article_n as_o these_o william_n bruce_n present_o call_v out_o his_o man_n who_o be_v ready_a for_o that_o purpose_n and_o bid_v they_o fall_v to_o their_o business_n they_o most_o treacherous_o fall_v upon_o and_o slay_v the_o innocent_a and_o naked_a welsh_a and_o as_o if_o it_o do_v not_o sufficient_o express_v their_o cruelty_n and_o inhumanity_n they_o immediate_o go_v to_o sitsylht_n house_n which_o stand_v not_o far_o from_o abergavenny_n and_o take_v hold_v of_o gwladus_n his_o wife_n they_o slay_v her_o son_n cadwallader_n before_o her_o face_n and_o then_o set_v fire_n to_o the_o house_n they_o pack_v she_o away_o to_o the_o castle_n this_o execrable_a murder_n be_v thus_o most_o barbarous_o and_o which_o be_v worst_a of_o all_o under_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n and_o kindness_n commit_v wâ—lliam_n bruce_n to_o cloak_v his_o treason_n with_o some_o reasonable_a excuse_n and_o to_o make_v the_o world_n believe_v it_o be_v not_o for_o any_o private_a interest_n or_o expectation_n he_o have_v do_v such_o a_o act_n as_o he_o know_v will_v be_v by_o all_o man_n abhor_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v report_v abroad_o that_o he_o have_v do_v such_o a_o thing_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o uncle_n henry_n of_o hereford_n who_o the_o welsh_a on_o the_o easter-even_a before_o have_v slay_v but_o whilst_o these_o thing_n pass_v in_o south-wales_n roderic_n david_n prince_n of_o north-wales's_a brother_n make_v his_o escape_n by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o out_o of_o prison_n and_o flee_v to_o anglesey_n he_o be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o country_n other_o side_n the_o river_n conwey_n for_o their_o lord_n and_o prince_n which_o they_o be_v the_o more_o willing_a to_o do_v by_o reason_n that_o they_o conceive_v a_o utter_a abhorrence_n of_o prince_n david_n who_o contrary_a to_o all_o rule_n of_o equity_n and_o almost_o nature_n have_v disinherit_v all_o his_o brethren_n and_o cousin_n as_o bold_o rely_v upon_o his_o affinity_n and_o relation_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o david_n perceive_v the_o storm_n to_o grow_v very_o violent_a and_o that_o the_o country_n do_v numerous_o flock_v and_o adhere_v to_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n think_v it_o his_o best_a way_n to_o stay_v a_o while_n till_o the_o storm_n be_v abate_v and_o so_o retire_v over_o the_o river_n conwey_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o this_o year_n cadelh_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o brother_n to_o lord_n rhys_n after_o a_o tedious_a fit_n of_o sickness_n and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o monkish_a order_n depart_v this_o life_n who_o body_n be_v very_o honourable_o inter_v at_o stratflur_n in_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o follow_a year_n die_v also_o david_n a.d._n 1176_o fitz_n gerald_n bishop_n of_o menevia_n or_o s._n david_n who_o see_n be_v supply_v by_o one_o peer_n be_v nominate_v thereunto_o by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o what_o happen_v most_o remarkable_a this_o year_n the_o lord_n rhys_n prince_n of_o south_n wales_n make_v a_o very_a great_a feast_n at_o christmas_n in_o his_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v proclaim_v through_o all_o britain_n ireland_n and_o the_o island_n adjacent_a some_o considerable_a time_n before_o and_o according_a to_o their_o invitation_n many_o hundred_o of_o english_a norman_n and_o other_o come_v to_o aberteifi_n be_v very_o honourable_o receive_v and_o courteous_o entertain_v by_o prince_n rhys_n but_o among_o other_o token_n of_o their_o welcome_n and_o entertainment_n rhys_n cause_v all_o the_o bard_n or_o poet_n throughout_o all_o wales_n to_o come_v thither_o and_o for_o a_o better_a diversion_n to_o the_o company_n he_o provide_v chair_n to_o be_v set_v in_o the_o hall_n in_o which_o the_o bard_n be_v seat_v they_o be_v to_o answer_v each_o other_o in_o rhyme_n and_o those_o that_o acquit_v themselves_o most_o handsome_o and_o overcome_v the_o rest_n be_v promise_v great_a reward_n and_o rich_a present_n in_o this_o poetical_a disceptation_n the_o north-wales_n bard_n obtain_v the_o victory_n with_o the_o applause_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o whole_a company_n and_o among_o the_o professor_n of_o music_n between_o who_o there_o be_v a.d._n 1177_o not_o small_a strife_n prince_n rhy_n own_o servant_n be_v account_v the_o most_o expert_a but_o for_o all_o this_o civil_a and_o oblige_a treatment_n of_o prince_n rhys_n the_o norman_n upon_o the_o march_n fall_v to_o their_o accustom_a manner_n of_o treacherous_a waylay_n and_o private_o assault_v the_o harmless_a and_o undesigning_a welch_n and_o therefore_o eineon_n clyt_v rhys_n his_o son_n in_o law_n and_o morgan_z ap_fw-mi meredith_n fall_v into_o the_o net_n which_o the_o norman_n have_v deceitful_o lay_v for_o they_o be_v treacherous_o murder_v therefore_o to_o keep_v the_o norman_n under_o great_a fear_n and_o awe_n for_o the_o future_a prince_n rhys_n build_v a_o castle_n at_o rhayadr_n gwy_n be_v a_o place_n where_o the_o river_n wye_n fall_v with_o a_o very_a great_a noise_n and_o precipitation_n down_o a_o great_a rock_n a.d._n 1178_o but_o this_o castle_n be_v like_a to_o stand_v he_o in_o a_o double_a stead_n for_o it_o be_v not_o long_o after_o he_o have_v perfect_o finish_v it_o that_o the_o son_n of_o conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi make_v war_n against_o he_o but_o find_v upon_o trial_n that_o their_o design_n against_o rhys_n be_v impracticable_a they_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o retire_v back_o to_o north-wales_n a.d._n 1179_o the_o next_o year_n cadwalhon_n brother_n to_o owen_n gwynedh_n and_o uncle_n to_o david_n and_o roderic_n who_o for_o fear_n of_o his_o brother_n have_v some_o time_n ago_o flee_v for_o refuge_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o he_o be_v convey_v home_o by_o some_o of_o the_o king_n servant_n to_o enjoy_v his_o patrimonial_a estate_n in_o wales_n be_v by_o those_o barbarous_a and_o treacherous_a villain_n murder_v in_o his_o journey_n this_o year_n the_o sepulchre_n of_o that_o famous_a and_o noble_a british_a king_n arthur_n with_o his_o wife_n gwenhofar_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o some_o welsh_a bard_n who_o king_n henry_n have_v hear_v at_o pembrock_n relate_v in_o a_o song_n the_o worthy_a and_o mighty_a act_n of_o that_o great_a prince_n and_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v bury_v be_v find_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o afalon_n without_o the_o abbey_n of_o glastenbury_n their_o body_n be_v lay_v in_o a_o hollow_a elder_a tree_n bury_v fifteen_o foot_n in_o the_o earth_n the_o bone_n of_o king_n arthur_n be_v of_o marvellous_a and_o almost_o incredible_a bigness_n have_v ten_o wound_n in_o the_o skull_n whereof_o one_o be_v considerable_o large_a than_o the_o rest_n seem_v to_o be_v his_o death-blow_a and_o the_o queen_n hair_n seem_v to_o the_o sight_n to_o be_v fair_a and_o yellow_a but_o when_o touch_v crumble_v present_o to_o dust_n over_o the_o bone_n be_v lay_v a_o stone_n with_o a_o cross_n of_o lead_n upon_o the_o low_a side_n of_o which_o stone_n be_v engrave_v these_o word_n hic_fw-la iaceo_fw-la sepultus_fw-la inclytus_fw-la rex_fw-la arthurus_n in_o insula_fw-la avalonia_n here_o lie_v bury_v the_o famous_a king_n arthur_z in_o the_o isle_n of_o afalon_n no_o action_n of_o moment_n have_v pass_v in_o wales_n this_o long_a time_n and_o the_o welsh_a be_v in_o perfect_a amity_n and_o concord_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o some_o unlucky_a accident_n fall_v out_o at_o last_o to_o dissolve_v this_o happy_a a.d._n 1182_o union_n and_o agreement_n one_o ranulph_n de_fw-fr poer_n who_o be_v sheriff_n of_o glocestershire_n or_o rather_o as_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la observe_v of_o herefordshire_n be_v a_o cruel_a and_o unreasonable_a oppressor_n of_o the_o welsh_a put_v the_o lord_n of_o gwentland_n to_o death_n in_o revenge_n of_o who_o a_o certain_a young_a person_n of_o that_o country_n set_v upon_o ranulph_n with_o several_a other_o gentleman_n his_o
news_n be_v bring_v he_o that_o gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n be_v revolt_v and_o be_v become_v again_o the_o king_n of_o england_n subject_n this_o unwelcome_a news_n strike_v very_o deep_a in_o the_o prince_n mind_n by_o reason_n that_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a power_n and_o strength_n in_o the_o country_n and_o go_v a_o great_a way_n to_o repel_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o english_a upon_o the_o march_n which_o now_o he_o be_v go_v off_o can_v not_o he_o fear_v be_v so_o well_o effect_v but_o however_o to_o make_v the_o best_a of_o a_o bad_a market_n he_o endeavour_v to_o take_v he_o off_o from_o the_o english_a and_o to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o former_a allegiance_n due_a to_o himself_o as_o his_o natural_a prince_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o send_v to_o he_o some_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n how_o that_o he_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o wales_n have_v oblige_v himself_o to_o oppose_v the_o english_a to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n and_o have_v deliver_v pledge_n for_o the_o sure_a performance_n of_o what_o he_o have_v then_o by_o oath_n engage_v in_o and_o lest_o he_o shall_v have_v forget_v what_o he_o have_v then_o promise_v he_o be_v desire_v to_o read_v his_o own_o hand_n write_v whereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o he_o have_v very_o unjust_o violate_v both_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n but_o all_o the_o rhetoric_n the_o bishop_n can_v make_v use_n of_o be_v not_o of_o force_n enough_o to_o work_v gwenwynwyn_n to_o reconciliation_n with_o the_o prince_n and_o a_o aversion_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o see_v nothing_o will_v do_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v resolve_v to_o make_v he_o incapable_a of_o serve_v the_o english_a and_o so_o enter_v powy_n with_o a_o strong_a army_n he_o subdue_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o himself_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v force_v to_o fly_v for_o succour_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n whilst_o these_o thing_n pass_v in_o wales_n lewis_n the_o dauphin_n of_o france_n be_v invite_v by_o the_o english_a baron_n against_o king_n john_n land_v in_o the_o island_n of_o thanet_n and_o march_v forward_o to_o london_n he_o there_o receive_v homage_n of_o all_o the_o baron_n that_o be_v in_o actual_a war_n against_o the_o king_n and_o then_o set_v forward_o to_o winchester_n where_o king_n john_n then_o lay_v he_o take_v in_o his_o way_n the_o castle_n of_o rygat_n guildford_n and_o farnham_n and_o come_v to_o winchester_n have_v the_o town_n present_o surrender_v to_o he_o king_n john_n do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o abide_v his_o come_n but_o remove_v to_o hereford_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n he_o send_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o reynold_n bruce_n desire_v their_o friendship_n and_o implore_v their_o aid_n and_o assistance_n against_o the_o french_a but_o they_o refuse_v to_o hearken_v to_o his_o proposal_n he_o destroy_v radnor_n and_o hay_n castle_n and_o march_v forward_o to_o oswestry_n which_o belong_v to_o john_n fitzalan_n he_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o then_o depart_v towards_o the_o north._n but_o after_o that_o he_o have_v settle_v his_o affair_n there_o and_o appoint_v governor_n in_o all_o the_o town_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n whilst_o he_o be_v make_v all_o necessary_a preparation_n at_o newark_n to_o confront_v the_o baron_n he_o fall_v sick_a and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o worcester_n after_o his_o death_n his_o son_n henry_n be_v by_o several_a of_o the_o english_a nobility_n proclaim_v king_n and_o in_o a_o little_a while_n most_o of_o the_o baron_n who_o upon_o their_o hatred_n to_o king_n john_n have_v maintain_v a_o open_a war_n against_o he_o come_v in_o and_o own_v their_o allegiance_n to_o his_o son_n henry_n though_o contrary_a to_o their_o oath_n to_o lewis_n the_o dauphine_n a.d._n 1217_o but_o what_o be_v most_o pernicious_a to_o the_o welsh_a reynald_n de_fw-fr bruce_n who_o have_v all_o this_o while_n maintain_v a_o confederacy_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n his_o father-in-law_n against_o king_n john_n underhand_o make_v his_o peace_n with_o king_n henry_n but_o he_o suffer_v severe_o for_o his_o treachery_n for_o young_a rhys_n and_o owen_n his_o nephew_n by_o his_o sister_n see_v that_o he_o in_o who_o they_o put_v their_o great_a confidence_n have_v deceitful_o forsake_v they_o come_v upon_o he_o with_o all_o their_o power_n and_o take_v from_o he_o all_o buelht_n except_v only_o the_o castle_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v present_o make_v acquaint_v with_o bruce_n revolt_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v inform_v that_o his_o son-in-law_n be_v go_v over_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o go_v in_o great_a fury_n to_o brecknoc_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o town_n of_o aberhondhy_a he_o be_v with_o much_o ado_n prevail_v upon_o by_o young_a rhys_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n for_o the_o sum_n of_o a_o hundred_o mark_n and_o then_o cross_v the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o glamorgan_n call_v the_o black_a mountain_n where_o his_o carriage_n suffer_v very_o much_o he_o come_v to_o gwyr_n and_o encamp_v at_o lhangruc_n reynald_n bruce_n with_o six_o knight_n in_o his_o company_n come_v to_o meet_v he_o desire_v his_o pardon_n for_o his_o pass_a offence_n assure_v he_o that_o for_o the_o future_a he_o will_v be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o he_o and_o will_v to_o his_o endeavour_n assist_v he_o against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v too_o good_a nature_a to_o reject_v his_o submission_n and_o so_o do_v not_o only_o receive_v he_o to_o his_o favour_n but_o bestow_v upon_o he_o also_o the_o castle_n of_o senghennyth_n which_o reynald_n commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o rhys_n fychan_n prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v settle_v all_o thing_n in_o good_a order_n in_o gwyr_n march_v to_o dyfed_a and_o be_v at_o cefn_n cynwarchan_n the_o fleming_n send_v their_o agent_n to_o he_o to_o desire_v peace_n which_o the_o prince_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o always_o adhere_v to_o the_o english_a interest_n will_v not_o grant_v they_o and_o so_o young_a rhys_n have_v the_o first_o man_n pass_v the_o river_n cledeu_n to_o storm_n the_o town_n jorwerth_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o clergy_n come_v to_o the_o prince_n to_o entreat_v for_o a_o peace_n for_o the_o fleming_n which_o after_o a_o long_a debate_n be_v grant_v and_o conclude_v upon_o these_o term_n first_o that_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o rhô_n and_o the_o country_n of_o pembroke_n shall_v from_o thence_o forward_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o ever_o after_o acknowledge_v his_o sovereignty_n second_o that_o towards_o the_o defray_n of_o his_o charge_n in_o this_o expedition_n they_o shall_v pay_v one_o thousand_o mark_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o he_o before_o the_o ensue_a feast_n of_o st._n michael_n three_o that_o for_o the_o sure_a performance_n of_o these_o article_n they_o shall_v deliver_v up_o twenty_o hostage_n who_o be_v to_o be_v some_o of_o the_o most_o principal_a person_n in_o their_o country_n then_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v now_o bring_v all_o wales_n subject_n to_o himself_o and_o put_v matter_n in_o a_o settle_a posture_n in_o south_n wales_n return_v to_o north-wales_n have_v purchase_v very_o considerable_a honour_n and_o esteem_v for_o his_o martial_a achievement_n in_o this_o expedition_n and_o now_o all_o matter_n of_o difference_n be_v adjust_v and_o the_o welsh_a in_o good_a hope_n of_o a_o durable_a freedom_n from_o all_o trouble_n and_o hostility_n another_o accident_n unhappy_o fall_v out_o to_o cross_v their_o expectation_n lewis_n the_o dauphin_n perceive_v the_o english_a baron_n to_o slight_a and_o forsake_v he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o king_n henry_n and_o return_v to_o france_n and_o then_o the_o baron_n the_o king_n promise_v to_o answer_v all_o their_o request_n and_o to_o redress_v their_o grievance_n make_v their_o submission_n without_o include_v the_o welsh_a in_o their_o article_n they_o have_v all_o this_o while_n glad_o embrace_v the_o friendship_n and_o aid_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n but_o now_o upon_o their_o reconciliation_n to_o the_o king_n think_v they_o have_v no_o far_o need_v of_o he_o they_o very_o base_o forsake_v he_o who_o have_v be_v the_o principal_a support_n and_o succour_n of_o their_o cause_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o they_o conspire_v together_o to_o convert_v their_o arm_n against_o wales_n think_v they_o can_v without_o any_o breach_n of_o equity_n or_o conscience_n take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o make_v addition_n to_o what_o some_o of_o they_o have_v already_o unjust_o possess_v themselves_o of_o william_n martial_a earl_n of_o pembroke_n open_v the_o scene_n and_o come_v unexpected_o upon_o the_o welsh_a take_v the_o town_n of_o caerlheon_n but_o he_o
time_n and_o so_o return_v to_o england_n but_o lord_n james_n audley_n who_o daughter_n be_v marry_v to_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n do_v more_o mischief_n and_o hurt_n to_o the_o welsh_a who_o have_v bring_v over_o a_o great_a number_n of_o horseman_n from_o germany_n to_o serve_v against_o the_o welsh_a so_o terrify_v they_o with_o the_o unusual_a largeness_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o unaccustomed_a manner_n of_o sight_v that_o in_o the_o first_o encounter_v the_o welsh_a be_v easy_o overcome_v buâ—_n mind_v to_o revenge_v this_o disgrace_n and_o withal_o be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o their_o method_n of_o arm_n the_o welsh_a in_o a_o little_a after_o make_v inroad_n into_o the_o lord_n audley_n land_n where_o the_o german_n present_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o pursue_v they_o to_o certain_a strait_n which_o the_o welsh_a discover_v for_o a_o politic_a retreat_n the_o german_n think_v they_o have_v entire_o drive_v the_o welsh_a away_o return_v careless_o back_o but_o be_v set_v upon_o of_o the_o sudden_a without_o any_o thought_n of_o a_o enemy_n behind_o they_o be_v all_o in_o a_o manner_n slay_v by_o the_o rally_a welch_n this_o year_n a_o very_a great_a scarcity_n of_o beef_n and_o horse_n happen_v in_o england_n whereof_o several_a thousand_o yearly_a be_v supply_v out_o of_o wales_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o the_o march_n be_v perfect_o rob_v of_o all_o their_o breed_n and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o beast_n to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o the_o border_n a.d._n 1259_o the_o next_o spring_n all_o the_o nobility_n of_o wales_n convene_v together_o and_o take_v their_o mutual_a oath_n to_o defend_v their_o country_n to_o death_n against_o the_o oppress_a invasion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o not_o to_o relinquish_v and_o forsake_v one_o another_o upon_o pain_n of_o perjury_n though_o notwithstanding_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n of_o south-wales_n violate_v this_o agreement_n and_o put_v himself_o in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n king_n henry_n be_v ready_a to_o fall_v upon_o the_o welsh_a to_o which_o purpose_n he_o summon_v a_o parliament_n wherein_o he_o propose_v to_o raise_v a_o subsidy_n towards_o the_o conquest_n of_o wales_n being_n not_o able_a of_o himself_o to_o bear_v the_o expense_n of_o this_o war_n by_o reason_n of_o several_a loss_n he_o have_v already_o receive_v the_o country_n of_o pembroke_n be_v late_o destroy_v and_o take_v by_o the_o welsh_a where_o they_o find_v plenty_n of_o salt_n which_o before_o they_o be_v in_o great_a necessity_n of_o but_o william_n de_fw-fr valentia_n accuse_v the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n and_o gloucester_n as_o the_o author_n of_o all_o this_o mischief_n quite_o break_v all_o their_o measure_n so_o the_o king_n be_v force_v to_o prorogue_v the_o parliament_n for_o a_o time_n without_o any_o grant_n of_o a_o subsidy_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o it_o sit_v at_o oxford_n where_o king_n henry_n and_o edward_n his_o son_n take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o observe_v the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o same_o be_v tender_v to_o guy_n and_o william_n the_o king_n brother_n and_o to_o henry_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o almain_n and_o to_o earl_n warren_n they_o refuse_v to_o take_v it_o and_o so_o depart_v in_o this_o parliament_n the_o lord_n of_o wales_n fair_o proffer_v to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o law_n for_o any_o offence_n they_o have_v unjust_o commirt_v against_o the_o king_n which_o be_v main_o oppose_v by_o edward_n who_o cause_v one_o patrick_n de_fw-fr canton_n to_o who_o the_o lordship_n of_o cydwely_n be_v give_v in_o case_n he_o can_v win_v and_o keep_v the_o same_o to_o be_v send_v to_o caermardhyn_a as_o lieutenant_n for_o the_o king_n with_o who_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n be_v join_v in_o commission_n be_v arrive_v at_o caermardhyn_n patrick_n send_v to_o the_o prince_n to_o desire_v he_o to_o appoint_v commissioner_n to_o treat_v with_o he_o concern_v a_o peace_n which_o he_o consent_v to_o and_o without_o any_o suspicion_n of_o treachery_n send_v meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n to_o emlyn_n if_o possible_a to_o conclude_v the_o same_o but_o patrick_n mean_v no_o such_o thing_n lay_v a_o ambuscade_n for_o the_o welsh_a who_o come_v honest_o forward_o be_v by_o the_o way_n villanous_o set_v upon_o by_o the_o english_a and_o a_o great_a many_o slay_v but_o those_o that_o happy_o escape_v call_v up_o the_o country_n present_o give_v chase_v to_o patrick_n and_o his_o accomplice_n who_o be_v at_o length_n overtake_v be_v almost_o all_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n but_o prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v now_o altogether_o bend_v upon_o a_o peace_n and_o do_v not_o only_o desire_v it_o but_o be_v willing_a to_o purchase_v it_o for_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o which_o purpose_n he_o offer_v to_o give_v the_o king_n 4000_o mark_n to_o his_o son_n 300_o and_o 200_o to_o the_o queen_n which_o the_o king_n utter_o refuse_v reply_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a recompense_n for_o all_o the_o damage_n he_o have_v suffer_v by_o the_o welsh_a matthew_z of_o westminster_n report_v that_o about_o michaelmas_n this_o year_n the_o bishop_n of_o bangor_n be_v commission_v by_o the_o prince_n and_o nobility_n of_o wales_n to_o treat_v with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n about_o a_o peace_n and_o to_o offer_v he_o 16000_o pound_n for_o the_o same_o upon_o these_o condition_n that_o according_a to_o their_o ancient_a custom_n the_o welsh_a shall_v have_v all_o cause_n try_v and_o determine_v at_o chester_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v free_o enjoy_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o own_o country_n but_o what_o be_v the_o result_n of_o this_o treaty_n my_o author_n do_v not_o mention_v there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o a_o peace_n prince_n lhewelyn_n a.d._n 1260_o early_a next_o year_n appear_v in_o the_o field_n and_o pass_v to_o south-wales_n and_o first_o fall_v foul_a upon_o sir_n râ—ger_n mortimer_n who_o contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n maintain_v the_o king_n of_o england_n quarrel_n have_v forcible_o dispossess_v he_o of_o all_o buelht_n and_o without_o any_o opposition_n take_v the_o castle_n where_o be_v find_v a_o plentiful_a magazine_n he_o march_v through_o all_o south-wales_n confirm_v his_o conquest_n and_o afterward_o return_v to_o his_o palace_n at_o aber_n a.d._n 1261_o betwixt_o bangor_n and_o conwey_n the_o year_n follow_v a.d._n 1262_o owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n lord_n of_o cydewen_n die_v but_o the_o next_o summer_n be_v somewhat_o more_o note_v for_o action_n a_o party_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n man_n take_v by_o surprise_v the_o castle_n of_o melienyth_n belong_v to_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n and_o have_a put_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n they_o take_v howel_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n the_o governor_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n prisoner_n and_o after_o that_o the_o castle_n be_v demolish_v by_o the_o prince_n order_n sir_n roger_n mortimer_n hear_v of_o this_o with_o a_o great_a body_n of_o lord_n and_o knight_n come_v to_o melienyth_n where_o prince_n lhewelyn_n meet_v he_o burr_n sir_n roger_n not_o dare_v to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n plant_v himself_o within_o the_o ruin_n and_o find_v he_o can_v do_v no_o good_a desire_a leave_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o retire_v peaceable_o the_o prince_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o relation_n and_o near_a consanguinity_n betwixt_o they_o and_o withal_o because_o he_o will_v not_o be_v so_o mean_v spirit_v as_o to_o fall_v upon_o a_o enemy_n who_o have_v no_o power_n to_o resist_v he_o let_v he_o safe_o depart_v with_o his_o force_n and_o then_o pass_v on_o himself_o to_o brecknock_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n who_o swear_v fidelity_n unto_o he_o so_o pass_v on_o and_o return_v to_o noâ—th-wales_n and_o now_o be_v confederate_a with_o the_o baron_n against_o king_n henry_n he_o be_v resolve_v to_o practice_v something_o in_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o english_a and_o so_o set_v upon_o the_o earldom_n of_o chester_n destroy_v the_o castle_n of_o tygannâ—y_n and_o diserth_n belong_v to_o edward_n who_o come_v thither_o be_v yet_o not_o able_a to_o prevent_v the_o mischief_n do_v a.d._n 1263_o to_o he_o by_o the_o welsh_a the_o next_o year_n john_n strange_a junior_n constable_n of_o montgomery_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o marcher_n come_v a_o little_a before_o easter_n by_o night_n through_o ceri_fw-la to_o cydewen_n intend_v to_o surprise_v the_o castle_n which_o when_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n understand_v they_o gather_v together_o and_o set_v upon_o they_o slay_v 200_o of_o his_o man_n but_o strange_a with_o a_o few_o get_v safe_o back_o within_o a_o while_n after_o the_o marcher_n and_o the_o welsh_a meet_v again_o near_o a_o place_n call_v clun_n where_o a_o hot_a engagement_n happen_v between_o they_o in_o which_o the_o welsh_a be_v worsted_n
and_o have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o their_o man_n slay_v after_o this_o nothing_o remarkable_a fall_v out_o for_o a_o considerable_a time_n unless_o it_o be_v that_o david_n be_v release_v out_o of_o prison_n by_o prince_n lhewelyn_n his_o brother_n most_o ungrateful_o forsake_v he_o and_o with_o all_o his_o might_n side_v with_o his_o enemy_n the_o english_a also_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n have_v take_v the_o castle_n of_o mold_n demolish_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n during_o this_o quiet_a and_o unactive_a interval_n in_o wales_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n the_o main_a support_n and_o defender_n of_o south-wales_n die_v to_o the_o great_a disadvantage_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o that_o country_n and_o now_o indeed_o the_o welsh_a be_v like_a to_o be_v a.d._n 1268_o make_v sensible_a of_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o considerable_a a_o person_n for_o king_n henry_n be_v resolve_v once_o more_o to_o lead_v a_o army_n into_o wales_n and_o to_o see_v if_o he_o can_v have_v better_a success_n than_o he_o have_v hitherto_o against_o the_o welsh_a but_o when_o he_o be_v prepare_v to_o undertake_v this_o expedition_n ottobonus_n pope_n clement_n legate_n in_o england_n interpose_v and_o mediate_v a_o peace_n which_o be_v conclude_v upon_o at_o the_o castle_n of_o montgomery_n wherein_o it_o be_v article_v that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n shall_v give_v the_o king_n 30000_o mark_n and_o the_o king_n be_v to_o grant_v the_o prince_n a_o charter_n from_o thenceforth_o to_o receive_v homage_n and_o fealty_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o baron_n of_o wales_n beside_o one_o so_o that_o they_o can_v hold_v their_o land_n of_o no_o other_o but_o himself_o and_o from_o thence_o forward_o he_o be_v to_o be_v lawful_o style_v prince_n of_o wales_n this_o charter_n be_v ratify_v and_o confirm_v as_o well_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n as_o the_o king_n seal_n prince_n lhewelyn_n desist_v from_o any_o far_a act_n of_o hostility_n and_o punctual_o observe_v all_o the_o article_n of_o agreement_n betwixt_o he_o and_o king_n henry_n so_o that_o nothing_o more_o be_v outrageous_o transact_v between_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a during_o the_o remainder_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n within_o that_o space_n die_v grono_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v fychan_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a lord_n of_o the_o prince_n council_n and_o short_o after_o he_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n who_o lie_v bury_v at_o vale-crucis_a a.d._n 1272_o but_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o peace_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welch_n who_o die_v on_o the_o 16_o day_n of_o november_n this_o year_n leave_v this_o kingdom_n to_o his_o son_n edward_n prince_n edward_n be_v then_o in_o the_o holy-land_n and_o very_o active_a against_o those_o enemy_n of_o christianity_n the_o turk_n where_o he_o have_v already_o continue_v above_o a_o year_n but_o understand_v of_o his_o father_n death_n and_o that_o in_o his_o absence_n he_o be_v proclaim_v king_n of_o england_n he_o make_v all_o haste_n to_o return_v to_o receive_v the_o solemnity_n of_o coronation_n but_o what_o by_o the_o tediousness_n of_o the_o journey_n and_o what_o by_o be_v honourable_o detain_v at_o prince_n court_n in_o his_o way_n it_o be_v two_o year_n before_o he_o can_v get_v into_o england_n then_o upon_o the_o 15_o of_o august_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1274._o he_o be_v crown_v at_o westminster_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v summon_v to_o attend_v at_o his_o coronation_n but_o he_o flat_o refuse_v to_o appear_v unless_o upon_o sure_a term_n of_o safe_a conduct_n for_o have_v offend_v several_a of_o the_o english_a nobility_n he_o can_v not_o in_o safety_n pass_v through_o their_o country_n without_o the_o danger_n of_o expose_v his_o person_n to_o the_o inveterate_a malice_n and_o acceptable_a revenge_n of_o some_o of_o they_o and_o therefore_o without_o the_o king_n brother_n the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o robert_n burnell_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n be_v deliver_v up_o as_o pledge_n for_o his_o safe_a conduct_n he_o will_v not_o come_v up_o to_o do_v his_o homage_n and_o fealty_n at_o his_o coronation_n according_a to_o the_o writ_n direct_v to_o he_o and_o indeed_o see_v king_n edward_n have_v break_v the_o peace_n late_o conclude_v upon_o before_o the_o pope_n legate_n and_o do_v receive_v and_o honourable_o entertain_v such_o nobleman_n of_o wales_n as_o for_o their_o disloyalty_n be_v banish_v by_o prince_n lhewelyn_n by_o who_o he_o fear_v some_o treachery_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o the_o prince_n shall_v pay_v he_o any_o subjection_n but_o by_o the_o breach_n of_o peace_n be_v exempt_v from_o all_o homage_n however_o prince_n lhewelyn_n to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o any_o stubborness_n or_o disrespect_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o he_o refuse_v to_o come_v send_v up_o his_o reason_n by_o the_o abbot_n of_o ystratflur_n and_o conwey_n to_o robert_n kilwarby_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n then_o sit_v â—n_a convocation_n in_o the_o new-temple_n at_o london_n which_o be_v to_o this_o effect_n to_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n in_o god_n robert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o metropolitan_a of_o all_o england_n the_o archbishop_z of_o york_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n in_o convocation_n lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n and_o lord_n of_o snowden_n send_v greeting_n we_o will_v have_v your_o lordship_n to_o understand_v that_o whereas_o former_o most_o terrible_a and_o incessant_a war_n be_v continual_o manage_v betwixt_o henry_n king_n of_o england_n and_o ourselves_o the_o same_o be_v at_o last_o compose_v and_o all_o matter_n of_o difference_n be_v adjust_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o excellency_n cardinal_n ottobonus_n the_o pope_n legate_n who_o have_v draw_v the_o article_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o peace_n agree_v upon_o they_o be_v sign_v and_o swear_v to_o not_o only_o by_o the_o kâ—ng_n but_o also_o the_o prince_n his_o son_n now_o king_n of_o england_n among_o these_o article_n be_v comprehend_v that_o we_o and_o our_o successor_n shall_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n the_o principality_n of_o wales_n so_o that_o all_o the_o welsh_a lord_n one_o baron_n except_v shall_v hold_v their_o barony_n and_o estate_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o we_o and_o shall_v pay_v their_o homage_n and_o fealty_n for_o the_o same_o to_o we_o we_o in_o like_a manner_n do_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o successor_n and_o beside_o that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n shall_v never_o offer_v to_o receive_v and_o entertain_v any_o of_o our_o enemy_n nor_o any_o such_o of_o our_o own_o subject_n as_o be_v lawful_o banish_v and_o exclude_v our_o dominion_n of_o wales_n nor_o by_o any_o mean_n defend_v and_o uphold_v such_o against_o we_o contrary_n to_o which_o article_n king_n edward_n have_v forcible_o seize_v upon_o the_o estate_n of_o certain_a baron_n of_o wales_n of_o which_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n have_v be_v immemorable_o possess_v of_o and_o detain_v a_o barony_n which_o by_o the_o form_n of_o peace_n shall_v have_v be_v deliver_v to_o we_o and_o moreover_o have_v hitherto_o entertain_v david_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi our_o brother_n and_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n with_o several_a other_o of_o our_o enemy_n who_o be_v outlaw_n and_o fugitive_n of_o our_o country_n and_o though_o we_o have_v often_o exhibit_v our_o grievance_n and_o complaint_n against_o they_o for_o destroy_v and_o pillage_n our_o country_n yet_o we_o can_v never_o obtain_v of_o the_o king_n any_o relief_n or_o redress_n for_o the_o several_a wrong_n and_o injury_n we_o receive_v at_o their_o hand_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n they_o still_o persist_v to_o commit_v waste_n and_o other_o outrage_n in_o our_o dominion_n and_o for_o all_o this_o he_o summons_v we_o to_o do_v he_o homage_n at_o a_o place_n which_o be_v altogether_o dangerous_a to_o our_o person_n where_o our_o inveterate_a enemy_n and_o which_o be_v worse_o our_o own_o unnatural_a subject_n bear_v the_o great_a sway_n and_o respect_n with_o the_o the_o king_n and_o though_o we_o have_v allege_v several_a reason_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n why_o the_o place_n by_o he_o assign_v be_v nâ—t_o safe_a and_o indifferent_a for_o we_o to_o come_v and_o desire_v he_o to_o appoint_v another_o whereto_o we_o may_v with_o more_o safety_n resort_n or_o else_o that_o he_o will_v send_v commissioner_n to_o receive_v our_o oath_n and_o homage_n till_o he_o can_v more_o opportune_o receive_v they_o in_o person_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o assent_v to_o our_o just_a and_o reasonable_a request_n nor_o be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o reason_n we_o exhibit_v for_o our_o non-appearance_n therefore_o we_o desire_v your_o lordship_n earnest_o to_o weigh_v the_o dismal_a effect_n that_o will_v happen_v to_o the_o subject_n
both_o of_o england_n and_o wales_n upon_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n and_o that_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o inform_v the_o king_n of_o the_o sad_a consequence_n of_o another_o war_n which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v prevent_v but_o by_o use_v we_o according_a to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o former_a peace_n which_o for_o our_o part_n we_o will_v in_o no_o measure_n transgress_v but_o if_o the_o king_n will_v not_o hearken_v to_o your_o counsel_n we_o hope_v that_o you_o will_v hâ—ld_v we_o excuse_v if_o the_o nation_n be_v disquiet_v and_o trouble_v thereupon_o which_o as_o much_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v we_o endeavour_v to_o prevent_v king_n edward_n will_v admit_v of_o no_o excuse_n noâ—_n harken_v to_o any_o manner_n of_o reason_n in_o the_o case_n but_o be_v unmerciful_o enrage_v and_o conceive_v a_o unpardonable_a displeasure_n against_o prince_n lhewelyn_n which_o yet_o he_o think_v convenient_a to_o conceal_v and_o dissemble_v for_o a_o time_n indeed_o he_o can_v never_o abide_v lhewelyn_n â—â—nce_v the_o time_n that_o he_o be_v vanquish_v and_o put_v to_o â—ight_n by_o he_o at_o the_o march_n so_o that_o the_o chief_a cause_n â—f_a king_n edward_n anger_n original_o proceed_v from_o 〈◊〉_d point_n of_o honour_n which_o this_o refusal_n of_o homage_n â—â—rved_v sufficient_o to_o increase_v but_o to_o prosecute_v his_o revenge_n which_o upon_o this_o score_n be_v in_o prince_n very_o â—erce_a and_o unforgetful_a in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o come_v to_o â—hester_n mean_v to_o recover_v by_o force_n what_o he_o can_v â—ot_n obtain_v by_o fair_a mean_n from_o hence_o he_o send_v to_o â—â—e_z prince_n of_o wales_n require_v he_o to_o come_v over_o and_o 〈◊〉_d he_o homage_n which_o lhewelyn_n either_o absolute_o reâ—â—sing_v or_o willing_o detract_n to_o do_v king_n edwardâ—ade_v â—ade_z ready_a his_o army_n to_o force_v he_o to_o it_o but_o there_o a.d._n 1277_o â—â—ppened_v a_o accident_n which_o take_v off_o a_o great_a part_n of_o â—rince_n lhewelyn_n stubborness_n for_o at_o this_o time_n the_o countess_n of_o leicester_n the_o widow_n of_o simon_n montfortâ—ho_n â—ho_z live_v at_o montargis_n a_o nunnery_n in_o france_n send_v over_o 〈◊〉_d wales_n her_o daughter_n the_o lady_n eleanor_n who_o â—hewelyn_n extreme_o love_v with_o her_o brother_n aemeâ—ke_v to_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o prince_n according_a to_o the_o agreement_n make_v in_o her_o father_n earl_n montfort_n time_n â—ut_fw-la aemerike_n fear_v to_o touch_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o â—ngland_n steer_v his_o course_n towards_o the_o island_n of_o scilly_a where_o by_o the_o way_n they_o be_v all_o take_v by_o four_o bristol_n ship_n and_o bring_v to_o king_n edward_n who_o receive_v the_o lady_n very_o honourable_o but_o commit_v her_o â—â—other_n prisoner_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o coff_n whence_o he_o be_v afterwards_o remove_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o shirburne_n the_o â—ing_n have_v obtain_v this_o unexpected_a advantage_n over_o â—hewelyn_n begin_v bold_o to_o fall_v upon_o he_o and_o so_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o two_o battalion_n lead_v one_o himself_o â—â—to_o north-wales_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o ruthlan_n where_o he_o strong_o fortify_v the_o castle_n the_o other_o he_o ommit_v to_o paganus_fw-la de_fw-la camurtiis_fw-la a_o great_a soldier_n â—ho_n enter_v into_o west-wales_n burn_v and_o destroy_v 〈◊〉_d great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n but_o the_o people_n of_o south-wales_n fear_v that_o his_o next_o expedition_n be_v level_v â—gainst_a they_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o â—ing_n and_o do_v he_o homage_n and_o then_o deliver_v â—_z castle_n of_o ystratywy_a to_o paganus_fw-la prince_n lhewelyn_n hear_v of_o this_o and_o find_v his_o own_o subject_n to_o forsake_v he_o but_o more_o especial_o be_v desirous_a to_o recover_v his_o espouse_v the_o lady_n eleanor_n think_v it_o likewise_o advisable_v to_o submit_v and_o therefore_o sue_v to_o king_n edward_n for_o a_o peace_n who_o grant_v it_o but_o upon_o very_o severe_a condition_n upon_o lhewelyns_n side_n the_o agreement_n consist_v of_o ten_o article_n which_o be_v 1._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v set_v at_o liberty_n all_o manner_n of_o prisoner_n that_o upon_o the_o king_n account_n be_v detain_v in_o custody_n 2._o that_o for_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o good_a will_n he_o shall_v pay_v 50000_o mark_n to_o be_v receive_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n 3._o that_o these_o four_o cantred_n or_o hundred_o viz._n cantref_n ros_n where_o the_o king_n castle_n of_o teganwy_n stand_v ryfonioc_n where_o denbigh_n tegengl_n where_o ruthlan_n dyffryn_n clwyd_n where_o rhuthyn_n stand_v shall_v remain_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n 4._o that_o the_o lord_n marcher_n shall_v quiet_o enjoy_v all_o the_o land_n they_o have_v conquer_v within_o wales_n except_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o be_v whole_o grant_v to_o the_o prince_n 5._o that_o in_o consideration_n of_o this_o island_n the_o prince_n shall_v pay_v 5000_o mark_n in_o hand_n with_o the_o reserve_n of_o a_o 1000_o mark_n yearly_a to_o begin_v at_o michaelmas_n and_o in_o case_n the_o prince_n die_v without_o issue_n the_o whole_a island_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o king_n 6._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v come_v every_o year_n to_o england_n to_o pay_v his_o homage_n to_o the_o king_n for_o all_o his_o land_n 7._o that_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o wales_n except_v five_o in_o snowden_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o king_n and_o no_o other_o 8._o that_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n shall_v remain_v only_o for_o his_o life_n and_o not_o descend_v to_o his_o successor_n and_o after_o his_o death_n the_o five_o lord_n of_o snowden_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n only_o from_o the_o king_n 9_o that_o for_o the_o performance_n of_o these_o article_n the_o prince_n shall_v deliver_v up_o for_o hostage_n ten_o person_n of_o the_o best_a quality_n in_o the_o country_n without_o imprison_v disinherit_n and_o any_o time_n of_o redemption_n determine_v and_o far_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v choose_v twenty_o person_n within_o north-wales_n who_o beside_o the_o prince_n shall_v take_v their_o oath_n for_o the_o due_a performance_n of_o these_o article_n and_o in_o case_n the_o prince_n shall_v swerve_v and_o recede_v from_o they_o and_o upon_o admonition_n â—hereof_o not_o repent_v they_o shall_v forsake_v he_o and_o become_v his_o enemy_n 10._o the_o prince_n be_v oblige_v to_o â—uffer_v his_o brethren_n quiet_o to_o enjoy_v their_o land_n in_o wales_n whereof_o david_n for_o his_o service_n be_v dub_v knight_n by_o the_o king_n and_o have_v the_o earl_n of_o derby_n widow_n give_v he_o in_o matrimony_n and_o with_o she_o as_o 〈◊〉_d portion_n the_o castle_n of_o denbigh_n in_o north-wales_n beâ—ides_v a_o 1000_o pound_n in_o land_n his_o other_o brother_n roderic_n be_v late_o escape_v out_o of_o prison_n into_o england_n â—nd_v the_o young_a call_v owen_n be_v upon_o his_o composition_n deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n king_n edward_n have_v impose_v these_o severe_a and_o unmerciful_a condition_n upon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o for_o a_o better_a security_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o build_v a_o castle_n at_o aberystwyth_n return_v very_o honourable_o into_o england_n upon_o who_o arrival_n the_o people_n willing_o grant_v he_o a_o subsidy_n of_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n towards_o his_o charge_n in_o this_o war._n but_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n submit_v to_o these_o intolerable_a condition_n more_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o amour_n and_o to_o regain_v the_o lady_n eleanora_n out_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n hand_n than_o that_o he_o be_v apprehensive_a of_o any_o considerable_a danger_n he_o may_v receive_v by_o the_o english_a troop_n for_o it_o be_v hardly_o conceivable_a that_o a_o prince_n of_o such_o notorious_a conduct_n and_o valour_n will_v so_o easy_o accept_v of_o such_o hard_a term_n and_o in_o a_o measure_n deliver_v up_o his_o principality_n when_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n so_o to_o do_v without_o resist_v a_o enemy_n who_o he_o have_v frequent_o overcome_v and_o force_v to_o retire_v back_o with_o great_a inequality_n than_o the_o english_a have_v at_o present_a over_o he_o but_o the_o force_n of_o â—ove_n work_v wonder_n and_o in_o this_o case_n prove_v moâ—t_n irresistible_a which_o to_o obtain_v lhewelyn_n do_v not_o think_v hard_a to_o forfeit_v his_o proper_a right_n to_o his_o inveterate_a enemy_n and_o for_o ever_o to_o exclude_v his_o posterity_n from_o succeed_v in_o their_o lawful_a inheritance_n the_o next_o year_n a.d._n 1273_o therefore_o he_o have_v his_o wish_n accomplish_v and_o be_v marry_v to_o eleanora_n at_o worcester_n the_o king_n and_o queen_n with_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o england_n honour_v the_o wedding_n with_o their_o presence_n but_o this_o specious_a amity_n and_o the_o peace_n laâ—â—_n conclude_v betwixt_o they_o
respect_n to_o his_o quality_n and_o his_o child_n maintain_v and_o provide_v for_o by_o the_o king_n to_o these_o the_o archbishop_n add_v his_o threat_n that_o in_o case_n they_o do_v not_o comply_v and_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o king_n mercy_n there_o be_v very_o severe_a and_o imminent_a danger_n hang_v over_o their_o head_n a_o formidable_a army_n be_v ready_a to_o make_v a_o inroad_n into_o their_o country_n which_o will_v not_o only_o gall_v and_o oppress_v they_o but_o in_o all_o probability_n total_o eradicate_v the_o whole_a nation_n beside_o which_o they_o be_v to_o expect_v the_o severe_a censure_n and_o punishment_n of_o the_o church_n but_o all_o this_o can_v not_o force_v so_o unlimited_a a_o submission_n from_o the_o prince_n but_o that_o he_o will_v stick_v upon_o some_o certain_a condition_n and_o therefore_o by_o letter_n he_o acquaint_v the_o archbishop_n that_o he_o be_v with_o all_o willingness_n desirous_a to_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n but_o withal_o that_o he_o can_v not_o do_v it_o but_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o be_v safe_a and_o honest_a for_o he_o and_o because_o the_o form_n of_o submission_n contain_v in_o the_o article_n send_v to_o he_o be_v by_o himself_o and_o his_o council_n think_v pernicious_a and_o illegal_a for_o he_o to_o consent_v to_o as_o tend_v rather_o to_o the_o destruction_n than_o the_o security_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o subject_n he_o can_v in_o no_o wise_n agree_v to_o it_o and_o in_o case_n himself_o shall_v be_v willing_a the_o rest_n of_o his_o nobility_n and_o people_n will_v never_o admit_v of_o it_o as_o know_v for_o certain_a the_o mischief_n and_o inconveniency_n that_o will_v ensue_v thereby_o therefore_o he_o desire_v his_o lordship_n that_o for_o a_o confirmation_n of_o a_o honest_a and_o a_o durable_a peace_n which_o he_o have_v all_o this_o while_n earnest_o labour_v for_o he_o will_v manage_v matter_n circumspect_o and_o with_o due_a regard_n to_o the_o follow_a article_n for_o it_o be_v much_o more_o honourable_a for_o the_o king_n and_o far_o more_o consonant_a to_o reason_n that_o he_o shall_v hold_v his_o land_n in_o the_o country_n where_o he_o be_v bear_v and_o dwell_v in_o than_o that_o by_o dispossess_v of_o he_o his_o estate_n shall_v be_v bestow_v upon_o stranger_n with_o this_o be_v send_v the_o general_a answer_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o the_o archbishops_n article_n viz._n 1._o though_o the_o king_n will_v not_o consent_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o four_o cantred_n nor_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n yet_o unless_o these_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o treaty_n the_o prince_n council_n will_v not_o conclude_v a_o peace_n by_o reason_n that_o these_o cantred_n have_v ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o camber_n the_o son_n of_o brutus_n properly_z and_o legal_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n beside_o the_o confirmation_n which_o the_o present_a prince_n obtain_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o father_n at_o the_o treaty_n before_o cardinal_n ottobonus_n the_o pope_n legate_n who_o letter_n patent_n do_v still_o appear_v and_o more_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v plain_o evident_a that_o it_o be_v more_o reasonable_a for_o our_o heir_n to_o hold_v the_o say_a cantred_n for_o money_n and_o other_o service_n due_a to_o the_o king_n than_o that_o stranger_n enjoy_v the_o same_o who_o will_v forcible_o abuse_v and_o oppress_v the_o people_n 2._o all_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o cantred_n of_o wales_n do_v unanimous_o declare_v that_o they_o dare_v not_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o king_n pleasure_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o never_o from_o the_o beginning_n take_v care_n to_o observe_v either_o covenant_n oath_n or_o any_o other_o grant_v to_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o people_n and_o because_o his_o subject_n have_v no_o regard_n to_o religion_n but_o most_o cruel_o and_o unchristian_o tyrannize_v over_o church_n and_o religious_a person_n and_o then_o for_o that_o we_o do_v not_o understand_v ourselves_o any_o way_n oblige_v thereunto_o see_v we_o be_v the_o prince_n tenant_n who_o be_v willing_a to_o pay_v the_o king_n all_o usual_a and_o accustom_a service_n 3._o as_o to_o what_o be_v require_v that_o the_o prince_n shall_v simple_o commit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n will_n we_o all_o declare_v that_o for_o the_o aforesaid_a reason_n none_o of_o we_o dare_v come_v neither_o will_v we_o permit_v our_o prince_n to_o come_v to_o he_o upon_o those_o condition_n 4._o that_o some_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n will_v endeavour_v to_o procure_v a_o provision_n of_o a_o thousand_o pound_n a_o year_n in_o england_n we_o will_v let_v they_o know_v that_o we_o can_v accept_v of_o no_o such_o pension_n because_o it_o be_v procure_v for_o no_o other_o end_n than_o that_o the_o prince_n be_v disinherit_v themselves_o may_v obtain_v his_o land_n in_o wales_n 5._o the_o prince_n can_v in_o honesty_n resign_v his_o paternal_a inheritance_n which_o have_v for_o many_o age_n be_v enjoy_v by_o his_o predecessor_n and_o accept_v of_o other_o land_n among_o the_o english_a of_o who_o custom_n and_o language_n he_o be_v ignorant_a and_o upon_o that_o score_n may_v at_o length_n be_v fraudulent_o deprive_v of_o all_o by_o his_o malicious_a and_o inveterate_a enemy_n 6._o see_v the_o king_n intend_v to_o deprive_v he_o of_o his_o ancient_a inheritance_n in_o wales_n where_o the_o land_n be_v more_o barren_a and_o untilled_a it_o be_v not_o very_o probable_a that_o he_o will_v bestow_v upon_o he_o a_o more_o fruitful_a and_o a_o aâ—able_a estate_n in_o england_n 7._o as_o to_o the_o clause_n that_o the_o prince_n shall_v give_v the_o king_n a_o perpetual_a possession_n of_o snowden_n we_o only_o affirm_v that_o see_v snowden_n essential_o belong_v to_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n which_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v enjoy_v since_o brute_n the_o prince_n council_n will_v not_o permit_v he_o to_o renounce_v it_o and_o accept_v another_o estate_n in_o england_n to_o which_o he_o have_v not_o equal_a right_n 8._o the_o people_n of_o snowden_n declare_v that_o though_o the_o prince_n shall_v give_v the_o king_n possession_n of_o it_o they_o will_v never_o own_v and_o pay_v submission_n to_o stranger_n for_o in_o so_o do_v they_o will_v bring_v upon_o themselves_o the_o same_o misery_n that_o the_o people_n of_o the_o four_o cantred_n have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n groan_v under_o be_v most_o rude_o handle_v and_o unjust_o oppress_v by_o the_o king_n officer_n as_o woeful_o appear_v by_o their_o several_a grievance_n 9_o as_o for_o david_n the_o prince_n brother_n we_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o against_o his_o will_n he_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o take_v a_o journey_n to_o the_o holy-land_n which_o if_o he_o happen_v to_o undertake_v hereafter_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o religion_n it_o be_v no_o cause_n that_o his_o issue_n shall_v be_v disinherit_v but_o rather_o encourage_v now_o see_v neither_o the_o prince_n nor_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o have_v move_v and_o begin_v this_o war_n but_o only_o defend_v themselves_o their_o property_n law_n and_o liberty_n from_o the_o encroachment_n of_o other_o person_n and_o since_o the_o english_a for_o either_o malice_n or_o covetousness_n to_o obtain_v our_o estate_n have_v unjust_o occasion_v all_o these_o trouble_n and_o broil_n in_o the_o kingdom_n we_o be_v assure_v that_o our_o defence_n be_v just_a and_o lawful_a and_o therein_o depend_v upon_o the_o aid_n and_o assistance_n of_o heaven_n which_o will_v be_v most_o cruel_o revenge_v upon_o our_o sacrilegious_a and_o inhuman_a enemy_n who_o have_v leave_v no_o manner_n of_o enormity_n in_o relation_n to_o god_n and_o man_n uncommit_v therefore_o your_o grace_n will_v more_o just_o threaten_v your_o ecclesiastical_a censure_n against_o the_o author_n and_o abettor_n of_o such_o unparalleled_a villainy_n than_o the_o innocent_a sufferer_n and_o beside_o we_o much_o admire_v that_o you_o shall_v advise_v we_o to_o part_v with_o our_o own_o estate_n and_o to_o live_v among_o our_o enemy_n as_o if_o when_o we_o can_v peaceable_o enjoy_v what_o be_v our_o own_o unquestionable_a right_n we_o may_v expect_v to_o have_v quiet_a possession_n of_o another_o man_n and_o though_o as_o you_o say_v it_o be_v hard_a to_o live_v in_o war_n and_o perpetual_a danger_n yet_o much_o hard_a it_o be_v to_o be_v utter_o destroy_v and_o reduce_v to_o nothing_o especial_o when_o we_o seek_v but_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o own_o liberty_n from_o the_o insatiable_a ambition_n of_o our_o enemy_n and_o see_v your_o grace_n have_v promise_v to_o fulminate_v sentence_n against_o all_o they_o that_o either_o for_o malice_n or_o profit_n will_v hinder_v and_o obstruct_v the_o peace_n it_o be_v evident_a who_o in_o this_o respect_n be_v transgressor_n and_z delinquent_n the_o fear_n and_o apprehension_n of_o imprisonment_n
the_o british_a race_n 8._o retire_v to_o alan_n king_n of_o little_a britain_n ibid._n learned_a in_o a_o vision_n to_o go_v to_o rome_n and_o there_o shear_v a_o monk_n 10._o cadwallader_n with_o his_o brother_n owen_n gwynedh_n from_o north-wales_n in_o conjunction_n with_o several_a south_n wales_n lord_n make_v a_o horrible_a slaughter_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n and_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o south-wales_n 157_o 158._o cadwallader_n force_v to_o flee_v from_o his_o brother_n owen_n to_o ireland_n 163._o return_v with_o irish_a force_n conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o his_o brother_n make_v prisoner_n by_o the_o irish_a rescue_v by_o his_o brother_n 164._o escapes_n out_o of_o prison_n 171._o fly_n to_o england_n ibid._n his_o death_n and_o issue_n 200._o canterbury_n redeem_v by_o the_o citizen_n from_o be_v burn_v by_o the_o dane_n for_o 3000_o l._n 73._o betray_v afterward_o to_o they_o and_o burn_v 74._o caradoc_n king_n of_o north-wales_n fight_v and_o be_v slay_v by_o the_o saxon_n 21._o his_o pedigree_n ibid._n celibacy_n enjoin_v to_o the_o clergy_n in_o a_o synod_n hold_v at_o london_n 127._o christian_n faith_n pure_a in_o the_o british_a church_n 221._o charles_n duke_n of_o york_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 328._o charles_n elder_a son_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 328._o civil_a war_n in_o wales_n and_o edwal_n son_n of_o meyric_n the_o indisputable_a heir_n set_v up_o in_o north-wales_n 67._o clare_n earl_n of_o possess_v himself_o of_o divers_a stronghold_n in_o cardigan_n 177._o clynnoc_n fawr_fw-mi a_o abbey_n in_o arfon_n 11._o when_o and_o by_o who_o build_v 12._o endow_v by_o prince_n anarawd_n 39_o cnute_n the_o dane_n choose_v king_n and_o his_o cruelty_n to_o the_o english_a hostage_n 75._o return_v to_o england_n ibid._n the_o northumber_n submit_v to_o he_o 76._o besieges_n london_n be_v rout_v by_o edmund_n ibid._n combat_n edmund_n agree_v and_o divide_v england_n between_o they_o 78._o generous_o punish_v edmund_n ironside_n murder_n ibid._n marry_v emma_n edelred_n widow_n 80._o require_v a_o subsidy_n of_o the_o english_a ibid._n make_v a_o pompous_a journey_n to_o rome_n 82._o make_v the_o scot_n do_v he_o homage_n ibid._n die_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n harold_n harefoot_n 83._o conel_n prognosticate_a the_o norman_a invasion_n and_o success_n 100_o commotion_n in_o england_n 158._o conâ—n_o war_n between_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n howel_n 22._o dies_z 23._o his_o pedigree_n ibid._n conspiracy_n against_o william_n the_o conqueror_n by_o the_o english_a and_o the_o welsh_a detect_v and_o the_o conspirator_n execute_v 104._o constable_n walter_n marry_v nest_n daughter_n and_o have_v the_o lordship_n of_o brecknock_n 116._o a_o strange_a passage_n relate_v by_o he_o to_o henry_n the_o first_o concern_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n ibid._n crogens_n use_v as_o a_o term_n of_o reproach_n by_o the_o english_a to_o the_o welsh_a 223._o no_o reason_n for_o it_o 224._o cynric_a prince_n owen_n son_n slay_v 162._o d._n dane_n begin_v to_o disturb_v england_n 20_o 21._o they_o prevail_v and_o winter_n in_o england_n 28._o they_o take_v and_o destroy_v winchester_n 30._o kill_v osbright_n and_o elba_n king_n of_o northumberland_n 31._o slay_v edmund_n king_n of_o the_o angle_n ibid._n fought_n five_o battle_n with_o ethelred_n ibid._n they_o win_v london_n and_o redding_n 33._o rout_v by_o the_o westsaxons_a 34._o be_v defeat_v by_o alfred_n and_o receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n 37._o they_o harrass_n north-wales_n 39_o defeat_v by_o the_o armorican_a britain_n ibid._n force_a to_o rise_v from_o before_o exeter_n and_o spoil_v the_o sea-coast_n of_o wales_n 41._o receive_v a_o great_a overthrow_v 42._o they_o grow_v powerful_a not_o only_o in_o england_n but_o also_o in_o ireland_n 44._o thrice_o overthrow_v by_o the_o english_a 45._o cruel_o overthrow_v by_o tottenhale_n 46._o rout_v by_o king_n edward_n 48._o drive_a out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o king_n edmund_n 52._o force_v the_o english_a to_o pay_v the_o dane-gelt_a 65._o make_v a_o terrible_a havoc_n in_o wales_n and_o have_v tribute_n pay_v they_o 66._o make_v fresh_a devastation_n in_o wales_n and_o england_n 70._o they_o be_v massacre_v by_o the_o english_a 71._o force_v the_o english_a nobility_n to_o buy_v their_o peace_n for_o 30000_o l._n 72._o they_o beat_v wolfkettel_n 73._o slay_v ethelstan_n and_o ransack_v the_o country_n 74_o dafydh_n ab_fw-la owen_n kill_v his_o brother_n howel_n in_o battle_n and_o gâ—ts_n to_o be_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 195._o secure_v â—is_n brother_n maelgon_n reduce_v anglesey_n and_o banish_v his_o brethren_n 202._o send_v a_o band_n of_o welch_n to_o accompany_v king_n henry_n into_o normandy_n ibid._n be_v dispossess_v by_o his_o elder_a brother_n son_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n 213._o ungrateful_a to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n for_o his_o liberty_n 224._o dafydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n do_v homage_n at_o gloucester_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 259._o be_v excommunicate_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o bangor_n for_o detain_v his_o brother_n gruffydh_n in_o prison_n who_o he_o refuse_v to_o deliver_v at_o the_o king_n request_n 260._o submit_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 262._o carol_n the_o king_n to_o detain_v his_o brother_n gruffydh_n prisoner_n ibid._n engage_v the_o pope_n on_o his_o side_n against_o the_o king_n but_o he_o prove_v false_a 264._o fight_v the_o english_a often_o with_o various_a success_n ibid._n die_v without_o issue_n 268._o david_n st._n burn_v by_o the_o westsaxons_a 21._o destroy_v by_o the_o dane_n 45._o again_o by_o the_o dane_n 69._o destroy_v by_o stranger_n 107._o the_o cathedral_n sacrilegious_o rob_v 111._o make_a subject_n to_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n 125._o dunstan_n st._n bishop_n of_o canterbury_n his_o prediction_n and_o death_n 61._o e._n easter_n the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n quarrel_n about_o the_o observation_n of_o it_o 18_o 19_o edgar_z advance_v to_o the_o kingdom_n in_o his_o brother_n edwin_n room_n 56._o he_o waste_v north-wales_n and_o agree_v for_o a_o yearly_a tribute_n of_o 300_o wolf_n ibid._n regulate_v drink_v vessel_n because_o of_o the_o dane_n excess_n 57_o row_v in_o his_o barge_n by_o six_o king_n on_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi 59_o edgar_z edeling_o proclaim_v king_n force_v into_o scotland_n 101._o receive_v to_o king_n william_n mercy_n 103._o edmund_n king_n of_o england_n death_n and_o the_o uncertain_a manner_n of_o it_o 53._o edmund_n ironside_n slay_v by_o edric_n son_n 78._o edwal_n foel_n and_o his_o brother_n elis_n fight_v the_o english_a and_o be_v slay_v 49._o their_o issue_n ibid._n edward_n send_v for_o from_o normandy_n and_o make_v king_n 86_o the_o confessor_n death_n 98._o edward_n i._o king_n of_o england_n invade_v wales_n and_o prevail_v 283._o insist_o upon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n submission_n without_o reserve_n 292._o set_v prince_n lhewelyn_n head_n upon_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o put_v his_o brother_n david_n to_o death_n 299._o subdue_v all_o wales_n ibid._n keep_v his_o christmas_n at_o aberconwey_a 307._o in_o necessity_n will_v taste_v no_o wine_n for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o soldier_n 308._o cut_v down_o all_o the_o wood_n in_o wales_n and_o build_v beumaris-castle_n 309._o edward_n of_o caernarvon_n first_o prince_n of_o wales_n of_o the_o english_a blood_n 301._o receive_a homage_n at_o chester_n of_o all_o the_o freeholders_n of_o wales_n 310._o go_v far_o into_o the_o country_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n ibid._n edward_n elder_a son_n to_o king_n edward_n ii_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 313._o edward_n elder_a son_n to_o king_n edward_n iii_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 313_o his_o character_n and_o death_n 314._o edward_n son_n to_o henry_n vi_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 323._o murder_v ibid._n edward_n elder_a son_n to_o king_n edward_n vi_o create_a prince_n of_o walts_n murder_v 223._o edward_n vi_o incline_v to_o favour_v the_o welsh_a 323._o edward_n son_n to_o richard_n iii_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 324._o edward_n son_n to_o henry_n viii_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 325._o edwin_n king_n of_o england_n vicious_a dispossess_v and_o die_v 56._o egbert_n sole_a monarch_n in_o britain_n 25._o call_v the_o country_n england_n ibid._n he_o fight_v the_o dane_n 26._o eincon_n invite_v the_o norman_n into_o wales_n and_o persuade_v they_o to_o stay_v 112_o elfleda_n mercian_n queen_n her_o valiant_a act_n both_o against_o the_o dane_n and_o welch_n 46._o her_o death_n 47._o leave_v a_o daughter_n alfwyden_n disinherit_v by_o king_n edward_n ibid._n ethelwulph_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a pay_v peterpence_n to_o rome_n 29._o learned_a and_o devout_a ibid._n eye_n of_o several_a pluck_v out_o a_o barbarous_a custom_n 155._o ethelbald_a king_n of_o mercia_n invade_v wales_n 16._o in_o conjunction_n with_o adelred_n overthrow_v the_o britain_n ibid._n f._n flanders_n a_o part_n of_o it_o drown_v prejudicial_a to_o
bury_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o gutryn_n owen_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n iu._n and_o write_v the_o most_o exact_a and_o perfect_a copy_n of_o the_o same_o all_o the_o most_o notable_a occurrence_n be_v thus_o register_v in_o these_o abbey_n be_v most_o general_o compare_v together_o every_o three_o year_n when_o the_o beirdh_n or_o bard_n belong_v to_o these_o two_o house_n go_v their_o ordinary_a visitation_n which_o be_v call_v clera_n and_o this_o continue_a until_o the_o year_n 1270._o a_o little_a before_o the_o death_n of_o the_o last_o prince_n lhewelyn_n who_o be_v slay_v at_o buelht_n humphrey_n lloyd_n gent._n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n viii_o and_o one_o great_o skill_a in_o the_o british_a antiquity_n continue_v this_o history_n to_o the_o death_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o afterward_o have_v translate_v the_o whole_a into_o english_a language_n have_v design_v to_o commit_v it_o to_o the_o press_n but_o his_o death_n prevent_v what_o he_o purpose_v and_o stop_v the_o publication_n of_o this_o history_n for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o until_o david_n powel_n d._n d._n in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n have_v meet_v with_o humphrey_n lloyd_n transtation_n collect_v what_o he_o can_v out_o of_o english_a historian_n which_o he_o add_v by_o way_n of_o annotation_n and_o so_o publish_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1584._o this_o be_v the_o sole_a history_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o the_o only_a edition_n of_o this_o history_n i_o be_v move_v to_o prepare_v it_o for_o another_o impression_n by_o a_o new_a model_v the_o language_n make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o history_n entire_a without_o trouble_v the_o reader_n to_o see_v the_o same_o thing_n by_o way_n of_o annotation_n dr._n powel_n note_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n but_o a_o repetition_n of_o the_o same_o matter_n of_o fact_n out_o of_o the_o english_a historian_n with_o what_o other_o improvement_n can_v be_v make_v the_o addition_n which_o i_o make_v to_o the_o former_a history_n i_o chief_o take_v out_o of_o the_o note_n of_o that_o late_a great_a antiquarian_a mr._n robert_n vaughan_n of_o hengwrt_n by_o who_o help_n also_o i_o have_v correct_v supply_v and_o continue_v the_o chronology_n sir_n john_n price_n description_n of_o wales_n will_v pretty_a well_o answer_v the_o geographical_a part_n of_o this_o history_n till_o we_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o recover_v and_o fix_v several_a of_o those_o place_n who_o name_n be_v only_o leave_v to_o we_o at_o present_a which_o we_o have_v great_a hope_n will_v be_v successful_o perfect_v by_o the_o unwearied_a labour_n of_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n edward_n lhwyd_n in_o his_o intend_a etymological_a dictionary_n i_o have_v add_v by_o way_n of_o appendix_n the_o several_a record_n belong_v to_o this_o history_n and_o choose_v rather_o to_o insert_v the_o article_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o john_n peckam_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o original_a with_o reference_n thereunto_o than_o to_o insert_v all_o the_o grievance_n which_o the_o welsh_a then_o make_v in_o the_o english_a language_n which_o do_v not_o so_o bandsom_o bear_v a_o translation_n a_o description_n of_o cambria_n now_o call_v wales_n draw_v first_o by_o sir_n john_n price_n knight_n and_o afterward_o augment_v and_o make_v perfect_a by_o humphrey_n lloyd_n gentleman_n the_o three_o son_n of_o brutus_n have_v divide_v the_o whole_a isle_n of_o britain_n into_o three_o part_n that_o part_n contain_v within_o the_o french_a sea_n with_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n call_v in_o british_a hafren_n dea_n and_o humber_n fall_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n lorinus_n which_o be_v after_o his_o name_n call_v lhoyger_n which_o name_v it_o have_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n to_o this_o day_n and_o in_o english_a now_o it_o be_v call_v england_n and_o 〈◊〉_d augment_v northward_o to_o the_o river_n tweed_n the_o â—econd_a son_n albanactus_n have_v all_o the_o land_n northward_o from_o humber_n to_o the_o sea_n orkney_n call_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n mor_fw-mi werydh_fw-mi and_o in_o the_o latin_a mare_n calodonioum_n the_o three_o son_n camber_n have_v to_o his_o part_n all_o that_o which_o remain_v undivided_a lie_v within_o the_o spanish_a and_o irish_a sea_n cambria_n cambria_n and_o separate_v from_o england_n with_o the_o river_n severn_n and_o dee_n and_o this_o part_n be_v after_o his_o name_n call_v cambria_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o cambry_a and_o their_o language_n camberaâ—c_n and_o so_o be_v at_o this_o day_n so_o that_o they_o have_v keep_v the_o same_o country_n and_o language_n this_o 2700_o and_o odd_a year_n without_o commixtion_n with_o any_o other_o nation_n especial_o in_o north-wales_n as_o it_o shall_v hereafter_o appear_v and_o because_o the_o name_n of_o this_o country_n be_v change_v or_o rather_o mistake_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o england_n and_o not_o by_o they_o call_v cambry_a but_o wales_n i_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o declare_v the_o occasion_n thereof_o which_o be_v that_o where_o the_o saxon_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n be_v the_o first_o that_o after_o the_o britain_n inhabit_a and_o rule_v the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o isle_n and_o drive_v the_o britain_n to_o that_o corner_n which_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o country_n they_o call_v wales_n and_o the_o people_n welshman_n and_o the_o tongue_n welch_n that_o be_v to_o say_v strange_a or_o not_o of_o they_o understand_v for_o at_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o low_a country_n call_v their_o next_o neighbour_n language_n of_o henegaw_n or_o other_o that_o speak_v french_a welsh_a as_o a_o language_n to_o they_o unknown_a likewise_o the_o dweller_n of_o tyroll_n and_o other_o the_o high_a country_n of_o germany_n do_v name_n the_o italian_a their_o next_o neighbour_n a_o welshman_n and_o his_o language_n walsh_n and_o this_o be_v a_o evident_a proof_n that_o they_o which_o harp_v upon_o a_o queen_n gwalaes_n and_o of_o a_o prince_n wala_n of_o who_o neither_o british_a latin_a nor_o english_a history_n make_v mention_v be_v foul_o deceive_v and_o so_o likewise_o be_v a_o great_a historiographer_n of_o late_a day_n which_o say_v that_o it_o be_v call_v wallia_fw-la quasi_fw-la italia_n because_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o roman_n which_o remain_v in_o the_o isle_n be_v drive_v thither_o neither_o be_v this_o any_o new_a invention_n although_o polydore_n virgil_n with_o a_o italian_a brag_n do_v glorify_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o first_o that_o espy_v it_o out_o for_o divers_a ancient_a writer_n do_v allege_v the_o same_o cause_n of_o the_o name_n of_o wales_n of_o who_o sylvester_n gyraldus_n be_v one_o who_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o after_o the_o conquest_n before_o 380_o year_n pass_v which_o be_v a_o evident_a token_n that_o the_o say_v polydore_n do_v either_o neâ—er_n see_v nor_o read_v the_o ancient_a history_n of_o this_o realm_n â—r_o dissemble_v the_o same_o to_o the_o advancement_n and_o praise_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o country_n which_o to_o the_o â—earned_a and_o indifferent_a reader_n shall_v appear_v to_o be_v the_o â—nly_a occasion_n he_o take_v that_o work_n in_o hand_n for_o all_o his_o â—ook_n redound_v only_o to_o the_o praise_n and_o honour_n of_o â—he_n roman_n as_o well_o spiritual_a as_o temporal_a and_o to_o â—lase_v forth_o their_o act_n and_o deed_n within_o this_o realm_n â—nd_v upon_o the_o other_o part_n do_v either_o open_o slander_n â—r_o else_o privy_o extenuate_v or_o shameful_o deny_v the_o marâ—ial_a prowess_n and_o noble_a act_n as_o well_o of_o saxon_n dane_n â—nd_n norman_n as_o of_o the_o britain_n all_o inhabiter_n of_o this_o â—sle_n which_o thing_n he_o that_o lift_v to_o prove_v let_v he_o read_v â—nd_n confer_v caesar_n commentary_n cornelius_n tacitus_n herodianus_n and_o other_o ancient_a writer_n as_o well_o in_o latin_a as_o in_o greek_a with_o his_o work_n as_o for_o the_o antiâ—ent_a writer_n of_o the_o british_a history_n as_o the_o british_a chronicle_n the_o history_n of_o gildas_n ponticus_n vorunnius_n â—ea_o the_o golden_a work_n of_o matthew_n paris_n monk_n of_o st._n alban_n which_o write_v from_o william_n bastard_n to_o the_o â—ast_a year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o i_o dare_v well_o say_v he_o â—ever_o see_v they_o they_o be_v in_o divers_a place_n to_o be_v have_v â—o_o that_o the_o truth_n may_v be_v easy_o prove_v to_o make_v â—n_a end_n i_o say_v that_o he_o be_v first_o a_o stranger_n bear_v and_o also_o ignorant_a as_o well_o in_o the_o history_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o â—f_o those_o tongue_n and_o language_n wherein_o the_o same_o be_v write_v can_v never_o set_v forth_o the_o true_a and_o perfect_a chronicle_n of_o the_o same_o but_o he_o have_v a_o good_a grace_n and_o a_o pleasant_a style_n in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n and_o find_v himself_o in_o a_o country_n
montgomery-shire_n and_o be_v all_o on_o the_o north-side_n severn_n save_v a_o piece_n of_o montgomery-shire_n and_o here_o i_o think_v it_o good_a to_o let_v the_o reader_n understand_v what_o the_o british_a chronicle_n say_v of_o north-wales_n which_o affirm_v that_o three_o time_n it_o come_v by_o inheritance_n to_o woman_n first_o to_o stradwen_n daughter_n to_o cadfan_n ap_fw-mi conan_n ap_fw-mi endaf_fw-mi and_o wife_n to_o coel_n godebâ—e_v mother_n to_o genaw_n dyfyr_n and_o gwawl_v the_o second_o time_n to_o the_o same_o gwawl_fw-mi wife_n to_o edeyrn_n ap_fw-mi padarn_n and_o mother_n to_o cunetha_n wledic_n whâ—ch_v cunetha_n inhabit_v in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o england_n about_o the_o year_n 540._o after_o the_o incarnation_n of_o christ_n and_o hear_v how_o the_o mingle_a nation_n of_o irish-scot_n and_o pict_n have_v overrun_v the_o seashore_n of_o cardigan_n which_o be_v part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n send_v his_o son_n thither_o to_o enjoy_v their_o inheritance_n of_o who_o tibiaon_n his_o elder_a son_n die_v in_o man_n which_o land_n the_o say_a irish-scot_n have_v win_v for_o gildas_n say_v that_o the_o child_n of_o glam_n hector_n which_o people_v a_o great_a part_n of_o ireland_n yscro_v with_o his_o people_n inhabit_v dalrieuda_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o scotland_n builke_n with_o his_o people_n come_v to_o man._n but_o i_o think_v it_o good_a to_o put_v in_o gildas_n word_n which_o say_v builke_n cum_fw-la filiis_fw-la suis_fw-la inhabitavit_fw-la euboniam_fw-la insulam_fw-la uâ—lgò_fw-la manaw_fw-mi quae_fw-la est_fw-la in_o meditullio_fw-la maris_fw-la inter_fw-la hyberniam_fw-la &_o britanniam_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v buiâ—ke_v with_o his_o child_n inhabit_v the_o isle_n eubonia_fw-la common_o manaw_v for_o so_o it_o be_v and_o be_v name_v in_o british_a which_o lie_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n between_o ireland_n and_o britain_n this_o be_v not_o call_v môna_n as_o polydore_n feign_v the_o child_n of_o bethoun_n inhabit_v demetia_n which_o be_v south-wales_n with_o gwyr_n and_o cydweli_n till_o they_o be_v chase_v thence_o by_o the_o child_n of_o cunetha_n thus_o far_o gildas_n therefore_o the_o son_n of_o cunetha_n be_v arrive_v in_o north_n wales_n as_o well_o i_o think_v be_v drive_v by_o the_o saxon_n as_o for_o their_o inheritance_n divide_v the_o country_n betwixt_o they_o and_o first_o meireaon_n the_o son_n of_o tibiaon_n the_o son_n of_o cunetha_n have_v cantref_o meireaon_n to_o his_o part_n arustel_n ap_fw-mi cunetha_n have_v cantref_o arostly_a caredic_n ap_fw-mi cunetha_n have_v caerdigion_n now_o call_v cardiganshire_n sâ—esneg_n maelor_n the_o son_n of_o gwran_n son_n to_o cunedha_n have_v maeloron_n that_o be_v the_o two_o maeloâ—_n maelor_n gymbraeg_n call_v br._n and_o maelor_n sâ—esneg_n dunod_n have_v cantref_o dimodic_n edeyrn_n have_v edeyrnion_n mael_n have_v dynmael_n coel_n have_v colâ—yon_n doguael_n have_v dogueilyn_n rhyfaon_n have_v rhyfonioc_n now_o denbighland_n eineon_n yrch_n have_v caereneon_n in_o powy_n vssa_fw-mi have_v maesuswalht_v now_o oswestry_n for_o sure_o that_o they_o say_v common_o of_o oswald_n king_n of_o northumberland_n to_o be_v slay_v there_o and_o of_o the_o well_o that_o spring_v where_o his_o arm_n be_v carry_v be_v nothing_o so_o for_o beda_n and_o all_o other_o writer_n testify_v that_o peanda_n slay_v oswald_n at_o maserfelt_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n and_o his_o body_n be_v bury_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o bradney_n in_o the_o province_n of_o lhyndesey_n but_o to_o my_o former_a matter_n these_o name_n give_v by_o the_o son_n of_o cunetha_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n after_o this_o the_o irish-pict_n or_o scot_n which_o the_o britain_n call_v y_o gwydhyl_n phictiay_v which_o be_v to_o say_v the_o irish-pict_n do_v overrun_v the_o isle_n of_o môn_n and_o be_v drive_v thence_o by_o caswalhon_n lhawhir_n that_o be_v caswalhon_n with_o the_o long_a hand_n the_o son_n of_o eineon_n yâ—ch_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cunedha_n who_o slay_v serigi_n their_o king_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n at_o lhan_n y_fw-fr gwydhyl_n which_o be_v the_o irish_a church_n at_o holyhead_n this_o caswalhon_n be_v father_n to_o maelgon_n gwynedh_n who_o the_o latin_n call_v maglocunus_fw-la prince_n and_o king_n of_o britain_n in_o his_o time_n be_v the_o famous_a clerk_n and_o great_a wiseman_n taliessyn_n ben_n beiâ—dâ—_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o beirdh_n or_o wiseman_n for_o this_o word_n bardh_n in_o caesar_n time_n signify_v as_o lucan_n bear_v witness_n such_o as_o have_v knowledge_n of_o thing_n to_o come_v and_o so_o it_o signify_v at_o this_o day_n this_o maelgon_n have_v a_o son_n call_v run_v in_o who_o time_n the_o saxon_n invite_v gurmond_n into_o britain_n from_o ireland_n who_o have_v come_v thither_o from_o africa_n who_o with_o the_o saxon_n be_v the_o utter_a destruction_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o fly_v all_o that_o profess_a christ_n and_o be_v the_o first_o that_o drive_v they_o over_o severn_n this_o run_n be_v father_n to_o beli_n who_o be_v father_n to_o jago_n for_o so_o the_o britain_n call_n james_n who_o be_v father_n to_o cadfaâ—â—_n and_o not_o brochwel_v call_v brecyfal_n as_o the_o english_a chronicle_n say_v for_o this_o brochwel_n call_v ysgiâ—hroc_n that_o be_v long_o tooth_v be_v choose_v leader_n of_o such_o as_o meet_v with_o adelred_n alius_fw-la ethelbertus_fw-la rex_fw-la cantiaâ—_n and_o other_o angles_n and_o saxon_n who_o augustine_n have_v move_v to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o christian_a britain_n and_o these_o put_v brochwel_n twice_o to_o flight_n not_o far_o from_o chester_n and_o cruel_o slay_v a_o 1000_o priest_n and_o monk_n of_o bangor_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o lay-brethren_n of_o the_o same_o house_n which_o live_v by_o the_o labour_n of_o their_o hand_n and_o be_v come_v barefooted_a and_o woolward_o to_o crave_v mercy_n and_o peace_n at_o the_o saxon_n hand_n and_o here_o you_o shall_v understand_v that_o this_o be_v not_o augustine_n bishop_n of_o hippona_n the_o great_a clerk_n but_o augustine_n the_o monk_n call_v the_o apostle_n of_o england_n then_o this_o brochwel_n retire_v over_o dee_n hard_o by_o bangor_n and_o defend_v the_o saxon_n the_o passage_n till_o cadfan_n king_n of_o north_n wales_n meredyth_n king_n of_o south-wales_n and_o bledâ—us_a or_o bletius_n prince_n of_o cornwall_n come_v to_o succour_v he_o and_o give_v the_o saxon_n a_o sore_a battle_n and_o slay_v of_o they_o the_o number_n of_o a_o 1066_o and_o put_v the_o rest_n to_o flight_n after_o the_o which_o battle_n cadfan_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o britain_n and_o be_v chief_a ruler_n within_o the_o isle_n after_o who_o his_o son_n cadwalhon_n who_o be_v father_n to_o cadwallader_n the_o last_o of_o the_o british_a blood_n that_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o king_n of_o britain_n be_v king_n the_o three_o time_n that_o north-wales_n come_v to_o a_o woman_n be_v to_o esylht_v the_o daughter_n of_o conan_n tindaythwy_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n ywrch_n the_o son_n of_o cadwalâ—dâ—r_n she_o be_v wife_n to_o merfyn_n frych_n and_o mother_n to_o rhodâ—ric_a the_o great_a as_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o declare_v by_o this_o you_o may_v understand_v that_o north-wales_a have_v be_v a_o great_a while_n the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o last_o king_n of_o britain_n because_o it_o be_v and_o be_v the_o strong_a country_n within_o this_o isle_n full_a of_o high_a mountain_n craggy_a rock_n great_a wood_n and_o deep_a valley_n straight_o and_o dangerous_a place_n deep_a and_o swift_a river_n as_o dyfi_n which_o spring_v in_o the_o hill_n of_o merâ—onyth_n and_o run_v north-west_n through_o mowthwy_n and_o by_o machynlaeth_n and_o so_o to_o the_o sea_n at_o aberdyfi_n divide_v nâ—râ—h_n and_o south-wales_n asunder_o d_o you_o call_v in_o welsh_a dourdwy_n spring_v also_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o same_o hill_n run_v east_n through_o penlhyn_n and_o the_o lake_n tegyd_v 〈…〉_o and_o lhangolhen_o between_o chirke-land_n and_o bromfield_n where_o it_o bow_v northward_o towards_o bangor_n to_o the_o holt_n and_o to_o chester_n and_o thence_o north-west_n to_o flint-castle_n and_o so_o to_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v also_o conwey_n rise_v likewise_o in_o merionyth-â—â—ire_n and_o divide_v caernarvon_n from_o denbighshire_n â—â—nneth_v under_o snowden_n north-east_n by_o the_o town_n of_o â—berconwey_a to_o the_o sea_n also_o clwyd_n which_o rise_v in_o denbigh_n land_n run_v down_o to_o ruthyn_n and_o plain_a north_n not_o far_o from_o denbigh_a to_o st._n asaph_n and_o so_o by_o ruthlan_n and_o to_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v many_o other_o fair_a river_n of_o which_o some_o run_v â—o_o the_o sea_n as_o mawr_z at_o traethmawr_n and_o afon_n y_o saint_n at_o â—aernarvon_n and_o other_o that_o run_v to_o severn_n as_o murnwy_n 〈◊〉_d powy_n and_o to_o murnwy_n tanat_n some_o other_o to_o d_o you_o â—s_a ceirioc_n betwixt_o the_o lordship_n of_o chirke_n and_o whitâ—ington_n alyn_n through_o yal_a and_o mould_v dale_n and_o hope_v â—ale_a and_o so_o
chad_n stand_v he_o be_v a_o great_a friend_n and_o a_o favourer_n to_o the_o monk_n of_o bangor_n who_o part_n he_o take_v against_o the_o saxon_n that_o be_v set_v on_o by_o augustine_n the_o monk_n to_o prosecute_v they_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n because_o they_o will_v not_o forsake_v the_o custom_n of_o their_o own_o church_n and_o conform_v to_o those_o of_o rome_n merfyn_n frych_n and_o esylht_n conan_n be_v dead_a merfyn_n frych_n and_o his_o wife_n esylht_n who_o be_v sole_a heir_n to_o conan_n take_v upon_o they_o the_o government_n or_o principality_n of_o wales_n this_o merfyn_n be_v king_n of_o man_n and_o son_n to_o gwyriat_n and_o nest_n the_o daughter_n of_o cadelh_n ap_fw-mi brochwel_fw-mi ap_fw-mi elis_n king_n of_o powy_n howel_n be_v forcible_o eject_v out_o of_o anglesey_n by_o his_o brother_n conan_n tindaethwy_n and_o escape_v to_o the_o island_n of_o man_n be_v honourable_o and_o kind_o receive_v by_o merfyn_n in_o return_n of_o who_o civility_n howel_n use_v such_o mean_n afterward_o that_o merfyn_n marry_v esylht_v the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o his_o brother_n conan_n though_o other_o say_v that_o he_o die_v present_o after_o his_o escape_n to_o merfyn_n howel_n after_o that_o he_o have_v for_o about_o five_o year_n enjoy_v the_o isle_n of_o man_n and_o other_o land_n in_o the_o north_n give_v he_o by_o merfyn_n to_o hold_v under_o he_o dye_v about_o the_o year_n 825_o after_o who_o death_n they_o again_o return_v to_o merfyn_n who_o ancestor_n have_v always_o hold_v the_o same_o under_o the_o king_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o so_o upon_o his_o marriage_n with_o esylht_n the_o isle_n of_o man_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o their_o reign_n egbert_n the_o powerful_a king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n enter_v with_o a_o mighty_a army_n into_o wales_n destroy_v and_o waste_v the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o snowden_n hill_n and_o seize_v upon_o the_o lordship_n of_o rhyvoniec_n in_o denbighland_n about_o the_o same_o time_n a_o very_a sore_a battle_n be_v fight_v in_o anglesey_n between_o the_o saxon_n and_o the_o welsh_a call_v from_o the_o place_n where_o this_o fight_n happen_v the_o battle_n of_o lhanvaes_n a.d._n 819_o fortune_n seem_v all_o this_o while_n to_o frown_v upon_o the_o welsh_a and_o their_o affair_n succeed_v very_o ill_a for_o short_o after_o that_o egbert_n have_v advance_v his_o colour_n as_o far_o as_o snowden_n kenulph_n king_n of_o mercia_n waste_v the_o country_n of_o west_n wales_n overran_a and_o destroy_a â—owis-land_n and_o great_o disturb_v and_o incommoded_a â—he_n welch_n nation_n soon_o after_o this_o kenulph_n die_v â—nd_n be_v succeed_v by_o kenelm_n and_o he_o in_o a_o short_a â—â—me_n by_o ceolwulph_n who_o after_o two_o year_n reign_n leave_v â—he_v kingdom_n of_o mercia_n to_o bernulph_n egbert_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n be_v grow_v very_o strong_a and_o powerful_a able_a to_o reduce_v all_o the_o petty_a kingdom_n in_o britain_n under_o one_o single_a monarchy_n upon_o â—he_n thought_n of_o which_o he_o set_v upon_o bernulph_n king_n of_o mercia_n and_o vanquish_v he_o at_o elledowne_n and_o afterward_o bring_v under_o subjection_n the_o country_n of_o kent_n and_o of_o the_o west_n angle_n but_o the_o britain_n can_v â—ot_n be_v so_o easy_o subdue_v for_o after_o a_o long_a and_o a_o cruel_a â—ight_n at_o gavelford_n between_o they_o and_o the_o west_n saxon_n of_o devonshire_n in_o which_o several_a thousand_o be_v â—â—ain_o on_o both_o side_n the_o victory_n remain_v uncertain_a he_o have_v better_a success_n against_o wyhtlafe_a king_n of_o mercia_n a.d._n 829_o who_o dominion_n he_o easy_o add_v to_o his_o now_o increase_a monarchy_n and_o pass_v humber_n he_o quick_o â—educed_v that_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n be_v now_o become_v one_o kingdom_n and_o egâ—ert_v sole_a monarch_n of_o all_o the_o country_n that_o the_o saxonsâ—ossessed_v â—ossessed_z in_o britain_n which_o name_n he_o order_v shall_v â—e_v change_v to_o england_n his_o people_n to_o be_v call_v enâ—lishmen_n and_o the_o language_n english_a they_o who_o come_v over_o out_o of_o germany_n into_o this_o â—sland_n to_o aid_v the_o britain_n against_o their_o enemy_n the_o pict_n and_o scot_n be_v partly_o saxon_n angles_n and_o outhe_n from_o the_o first_o of_o which_o come_v the_o people_n of_o essex_n suffex_n middlesex_n and_o the_o westsaxons_a from_o â—he_n angle_n the_o east_n angle_n the_o mercian_n and_o they_o â—hat_n inhabit_v the_o north_n side_n of_o humber_n from_o the_o juthe_n the_o kentishman_n and_o they_o that_o settle_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n these_o german_n after_o that_o they_o have_v drive_v â—he_n britain_n beyond_o severn_n and_o dee_n erect_v seven_o kingdom_n call_v the_o heptarchy_n in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o â—he_n island_n whereof_o 1._o kent_n 2._o of_o the_o south-saxons_a contain_v sussex_n and_o surrey_n 3._o the_o east-angle_n in_o norfolk_n suffolk_n and_o cambridgshire_n 4._o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a comprehend_v berkshire_n devonshire_n somersetshire_n and_o cornwall_n 5._o mercia_n contain_v gloucester_n hereford_n worcester_z shropshire_n stafford_n cheshire_n warwick_n leicester_n derby_n nottingham_n lincoln_n northampton_n oxford_n buckingham_z bedford_z and_o half_a hartfordshire_n 6_o the_o east-saxons_a contain_v essex_n middlesex_n and_o the_o other_o part_n of_o hartford_n 7._o of_o the_o northumbrian_n take_v in_o all_o the_o country_n beyond_o hamber_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n deyra_n and_o bernicia_n the_o first_o from_o humber_n to_o tyne_n the_o other_o from_o tyne_n to_o the_o scottish_a sea_n egbert_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a have_v several_o conquer_v these_o kingdom_n annex_v they_o together_o and_o comprehend_v they_o under_o one_o monarchy_n which_o be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n 96â—_n year_n after_o the_o come_n of_o brute_n to_o this_o island_n 383_o year_n after_o the_o land_n of_o hengist_n and_o 149_o after_o the_o departure_n of_o cadwallader_n to_o rome_n egbert_n have_v thus_o unite_v under_o one_o government_n these_o several_a kingdom_n which_o use_v continual_o molest_v and_o to_o encroach_v upon_o each_o other_o territory_n may_v reasonable_o have_v expect_v to_o enjoy_v his_o neâ—â—_n a.d._n 883_o kingdom_n quiet_o and_o not_o fear_v any_o disturbance_n oâ—_n trouble_v in_o his_o dominion_n but_o no_o soon_o be_v hâ—_n establish_v king_n of_o england_n but_o the_o dane_n begin_v 〈◊〉_d threaten_v new_a commotion_n and_o land_v in_o great_a number_n and_o in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n egberâ—_n fight_v several_a battle_n with_o they_o and_o with_o varioâ—â—_n success_n at_o length_n the_o dane_n land_v in_o west-wales_n march_v forward_o for_o england_n be_v join_v by_o a_o greaâ—_n number_n of_o welch_n and_o meet_v egbert_n upon_o hengist_n doâ—â—_n where_o a_o severe_a battle_n be_v fight_v and_o the_o dane_n pâ—â—_n to_o a_o total_a rout_n the_o welsh_a suffer_v severe_o fâ—â—_n this_o egbert_n be_v high_o incense_v that_o the_o danâ—â—_n be_v support_v by_o they_o lay_v siege_n to_o caer_n lheon_n 〈◊〉_d dhyfrdwy_n or_o chester_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o venedotiâ—â—_n which_o hitherto_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o welsh_a take_v the_o town_n and_z among_o other_o tokeâ—_n of_o his_o indignation_n he_o cause_v the_o brazen_a effigy_n oâ—_n cadwalhon_n king_n of_o britain_n to_o be_v pull_v down_o and_o deface_v and_o upon_o pain_n of_o death_n forbid_v the_o erect_v 〈◊〉_d such_o again_o he_o issue_v out_o also_o a_o proclamation_n by_o thâ—_n instigation_n of_o his_o wife_n redburga_n who_o always_o bear_v a_o inveterate_a malice_n to_o the_o welsh_a command_v all_o that_o â—ere_z any_o way_n extract_v from_o british_a blood_n to_o deâ—art_v with_o all_o their_o effect_n out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n within_o â—â—x_n month_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n these_o be_v very_o â—â—vere_a and_o insupportable_a term_n but_o he_o do_v not_o live_v â—ong_a to_o see_v they_o put_v in_o execution_n for_o die_v short_o â—fter_o the_o battle_n of_o hengestdown_n he_o be_v succeed_v by_o â—on_n ethelwulph_n this_o king_n ethelwulph_n marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o berthr_v who_o be_v his_o tributary_n king_n of_o mercia_n by_o who_o help_n he_o successful_o oppose_v the_o â—ruel_a incursion_n of_o the_o dane_n who_o miserable_o destroy_v the_o seacoast_n of_o england_n with_o fire_n and_o 〈◊〉_d these_o danish_a commotion_n be_v indifferent_o well_o appease_v berthred_a king_n of_o mercia_n set_v â—pon_o the_o welsh_a between_o who_o a_o remarkable_a battle_n â—as_v seek_v at_o a_o place_n call_v kettell_n where_o merfyn_n â—rych_a king_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v kill_v leave_v to_o â—â—cceed_v he_o in_o the_o government_n of_o wales_n his_o son_n roâ—eric_a mawr_z or_o the_o great_a roderic_n the_o great_a merfyn_n frych_n have_v lose_v his_o life_n and_o with_o it_o his_o a.d._n 843_o kingdom_n in_o
they_o place_v themselves_o in_o a_o ambuscade_n and_o when_o the_o game_n come_v that_o way_n they_o unexpected_o set_v upon_o the_o unarmed_a sports-man_n and_o have_v easy_o make_v all_o the_o rest_n fly_v away_o they_o wound_v cadelh_n so_o cruel_o that_o he_o narrow_o escape_v their_o hand_n alive_a who_o make_v shift_n to_o get_v home_o lay_v for_o a_o long_a time_n dangerous_o ill_a and_o with_o great_a difficulty_n at_o length_n recover_v his_o life_n upon_o this_o his_o brother_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n pass_v with_o a_o army_n into_o gwyr_n and_o have_v burn_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n thereabouts_o they_o besiege_v and_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o aberlhychwr_n but_o find_v they_o can_v not_o keep_v it_o they_o raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o after_o that_o return_v home_o with_o great_a booty_n to_o dynefawr_n and_o repair_v the_o fortification_n of_o the_o castle_n there_o about_o the_o same_o time_n also_o howel_n prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n son_n fortify_v humphry_n castle_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o caletwr_n a.d._n 1151_o but_o the_o follow_a year_n prince_n owen_n do_v a_o very_a barbarous_a action_n to_o cunetha_n his_o brother_n cadwalhon_n son_n for_o fear_v lest_o that_o this_o young_a man_n shall_v lay_v claim_n to_o any_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n as_o his_o father_n be_v right_a he_o first_o pull_v out_o his_o eye_n and_o afterward_o castrate_v he_o for_o fear_v he_o shall_v beget_v any_o child_n who_o may_v some_o time_n or_o other_o renew_v their_o claim_n and_o right_a to_o cadwalhon_n estate_n this_o inhuman_a severity_n be_v succeed_v by_o another_o of_o no_o small_a remark_n lhewelyn_n son_n to_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n have_v watch_v a_o convenient_a opportunity_n set_v upon_o and_o slay_v stephen_n the_o son_n of_o baldwin_n but_o cadwallader_n prince_n owen_n brother_n after_o a_o tedious_a imprisonment_n which_o he_o have_v sustain_v through_o the_o malice_n and_o rancour_n of_o his_o nephew_n howel_n at_o length_n make_v his_o escape_n and_o fly_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n bring_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o that_o island_n under_o his_o subjection_n but_o prince_n owen_n hear_v how_o that_o his_o brother_n have_v get_v loose_a from_o custody_n and_o that_o he_o be_v in_o actual_a possession_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o anglesey_n he_o present_o dispatch_v a_o army_n over_o which_o prove_v too_o formidable_a to_o cadwalader_n party_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o escape_v to_o england_n and_o to_o desire_v succour_n from_o his_o wife_n relation_n who_o be_v the_o daughter_n of_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o clare_n this_o year_n galfrede_n arthur_n common_o call_v geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n be_v make_v bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n simon_n archdeacon_n of_o cyfeilioc_n a_o man_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o esteem_n in_o his_o country_n die_v but_o the_o year_n follow_v meredith_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n a.d._n 1152_o of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n lay_v siege_n to_o penwedic_n castle_n which_o belong_v to_o howel_n prince_n owen_n son_n and_o after_o great_a pain_n and_o considerable_a loss_n of_o man_n of_o their_o side_n at_o last_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o from_o thence_o they_o march_v by_o night_n to_o tenby_n and_o unexpected_o fall_v upon_o the_o castle_n of_o which_o one_o william_n fitzgerald_n be_v governor_n they_o scale_v the_o wall_n before_o the_o garrison_n be_v aware_a of_o any_o danger_n and_o so_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o castle_n they_o fall_v foul_a upon_o the_o garrison_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o mischief_n they_o have_v do_v and_o further_o design_v to_o their_o brother_n cadelh_n for_o cadelh_n at_o this_o time_n be_v go_v upon_o a_o pilgrimage_n and_o during_o his_o absence_n have_v commit_v his_o whole_a inheritance_n and_o all_o other_o concern_v in_o wales_n to_o the_o care_n of_o his_o brethren_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n but_o after_o the_o take_a tenby-castle_n they_o divide_v their_o army_n into_o two_o party_n with_o one_o of_o which_o rhys_n march_v to_o ystratcongen_n and_o after_o great_a havoc_n and_o waste_v commit_v there_o he_o pass_v to_o cyfeilioc_n which_o fare_v in_o like_a manner_n with_o ystratcongen_n meredith_n with_o the_o other_o party_n sit_v before_o aberavan-castle_n and_o after_o a_o short_a siege_n win_v and_o get_v possession_n of_o it_o and_o then_o return_v home_o with_o very_o considerable_a booty_n and_o many_o rich_a spoil_n about_o the_o same_o time_n rondel_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o have_v live_v in_o continual_a enmity_n and_o frequent_a hostility_n with_o prince_n owen_n of_o north-wales_n depart_v this_o life_n leave_v his_o son_n hugh_n to_o enjoy_v both_o his_o title_n and_o estate_n in_o england_n and_o to_o prosecute_v the_o feud_n and_o hostility_n against_o the_o welsh_a a.d._n 1153_o and_o short_o after_o die_v meredith_n son_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o cardigan_n ystratywy_n and_o dyfed_a be_v not_o pass_v the_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o his_o age_n a_o person_n of_o incomparable_a valour_n and_o audacity_n and_o in_o all_o his_o warlike_a attempt_n and_o achievement_n very_o fortunate_a he_o be_v present_o follow_v by_o geoffrey_n bishop_n of_o llandaf_n a_o man_n as_o famous_a for_o learning_n and_o a_o good_a life_n as_o the_o other_o be_v for_o masculine_a bravery_n and_o martial_a prowess_n in_o england_n the_o face_n of_o thing_n look_v very_o lower_v henry_n surname_v shortmantel_n the_o empress_n son_n land_v in_o england_n and_o in_o his_o progress_n through_o the_o country_n take_v several_a castle_n among_o which_o be_v malmesbury_n wallingford_n and_o shrewsbury_n but_o his_o fury_n be_v quick_o appease_v by_o the_o death_n of_o eustace_n king_n stephen_n son_n so_o that_o the_o sole_a obstacle_n for_o his_o succeed_a to_o the_o crown_n be_v now_o remove_v he_o willing_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o king_n stephen_n permit_v he_o to_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n peaceable_o for_o his_o life_n upon_o condition_n a._n d_o 1154_o that_o himself_o be_v declare_v his_o successor_n but_o king_n stephen_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v this_o treaty_n and_o then_o henry_n plantagenet_n the_o empress_z son_n be_v crown_v in_o a.d._n 1155_o his_o stead_n towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o king_n henry_n reign_n rhys_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n king_n of_o south_n wales_n upon_o apprehension_n that_o owen_n gwynedh_n have_v raise_v a_o army_n for_o the_o conquest_n of_o south-wales_n draw_v together_o all_o his_o strength_n and_o march_v to_o aberdyfi_n to_o face_v the_o enemy_n upon_o their_o own_o border_n but_o find_v the_o rumour_n to_o be_v false_a and_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n have_v no_o such_o design_n in_o hand_n have_v build_v a_o castle_n at_o aberdyfi_n which_o may_v defend_v the_o frontier_n from_o any_o future_a design_n of_o his_o country_n he_o return_v back_o without_o attempt_v any_o thing_n far_o at_o the_o same_o time_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n build_v a_o castle_n at_o caereneon_n near_o cymer_n and_o then_o eglwys_n fair_a in_o myfot_o be_v found_v about_o this_o time_n also_o meyric_n nephew_n to_o prince_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o prison_n wherein_o he_o have_v be_v detain_v by_o his_o uncle_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n the_o same_o year_n king_n henry_n be_v displease_v with_o the_o fleming_n who_o his_o predecessor_n king_n stephen_n have_v bring_v over_o into_o england_n issue_v out_o a_o proclamation_n charge_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o to_o depart_v his_o dominion_n and_o to_o retire_v to_o their_o countryman_n in_o west-wales_n where_o his_o grandfather_n henry_n the_o first_o the_o bastard_n son_n have_v plant_v they_o and_o thus_o that_o part_n of_o wales_n call_v pembrokeshire_n be_v overrun_v with_o these_o stranger_n who_o be_v better_a befriend_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n than_o the_o welsh_a can_v well_o expect_v to_o be_v make_v sure_a foot_n in_o that_o country_n where_o they_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v firm_a it_o be_v the_o english_a policy_n of_o those_o time_n to_o accept_v of_o any_o opportunity_n to_o curb_v and_o keep_v under_o the_o welsh_a who_o they_o experience_v to_o be_v none_o of_o the_o safe_a neighbour_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v grant_v any_o land_n and_o privilege_n in_o wales_n to_o any_o that_o will_v accept_v of_o they_o which_o honest_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o bestow_v but_o this_o be_v not_o enough_o in_o detriment_n to_o the_o welsh_a a.d._n 1156_o for_o the_o year_n follow_v king_n henry_n raise_v a_o very_a great_a army_n which_o he_o gather_v from_o all_o part_n of_o england_n with_o purpose_n to_o subdue_v all_o north-wales_n be_v principal_o move_v hereto_o by_o the_o instigation_n of_o cadwallader_n the_o prince_n brother_n who_o owen_n gwynedh_n for_o what_o reason_n not_o
for_o some_o time_n make_v a_o vigorous_a defence_n but_o have_v no_o hope_n of_o any_o relief_n they_o think_v it_o their_o wise_a course_n to_o capitulate_v and_o so_o they_o desire_v they_o may_v march_v out_o with_o their_o arm_n bag_n and_o baggage_n and_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o they_o which_o be_v grant_v they_o about_o this_o time_n likewise_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n who_o the_o king_n have_v hitherto_o detain_v prisoner_n and_o withal_o lend_v he_o some_o force_n to_o attempt_v the_o recovery_n of_o his_o country_n which_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v seize_v upon_o during_o his_o imprisonment_n and_o though_o by_o his_o own_o strength_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o cope_v with_o the_o prince_n yet_o by_o this_o assistance_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o king_n he_o soon_o re-possessâ—d_a himself_o of_o his_o dominion_n this_o success_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n encourage_v maelgon_v likewise_o to_o endeavour_v the_o recovery_n of_o that_o part_n of_o his_o country_n which_o the_o prince_n have_v take_v from_o he_o in_o the_o same_o expedition_n now_o he_o make_v his_o application_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o hereupon_o the_o king_n grant_v he_o a_o considerable_a army_n as_o well_o english_a as_o norman_n to_o these_o he_o join_v what_o force_v he_o can_v raise_v in_o wales_n and_o then_o contrary_a to_o the_o oath_n and_o agreement_n he_o have_v make_v with_o his_o nephew_n rhys_n and_o owen_n he_o in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n enter_v their_o country_n when_o he_o be_v come_v to_o cantre_v penwedic_n he_o encamp_v at_o cilcenny_n where_o he_o stay_v some_o time_n to_o take_v measure_n for_o the_o better_a accomplishment_n of_o his_o design_n by_o this_o time_n his_o nephew_n have_v get_v together_o about_o 300_o choose_v well_o discipline_v man_n but_o with_o so_o small_a a_o number_n dare_v not_o oppose_v their_o uncle_n numerous_a army_n in_o open_a field_n therefore_o they_o be_v to_o endeavour_v to_o overthrow_v those_o by_o a_o stratagem_n which_o they_o can_v not_o do_v by_o main_a force_n herein_o they_o prove_v very_o successful_a for_o come_v as_o near_o their_o enemy_n as_o they_o can_v without_o be_v discover_v they_o send_v out_o their_o spy_n that_o night_n for_o intelligence_n who_o bring_v back_o the_o good_a news_n that_o all_o be_v quiet_a in_o maelgon_n camp_n and_o that_o they_o keep_v no_o strict_a watch_n be_v not_o aware_a of_o a_o approach_a enemy_n this_o intelligence_n mighty_o encourage_v the_o brother_n to_o prosecute_v their_o design_n and_o now_o they_o march_v as_o silent_o as_o they_o can_v towards_o their_o enemy_n camp_n where_o they_o meet_v with_o no_o opposition_n be_v not_o discover_v because_o all_o be_v fast_o asleep_a when_o they_o be_v advance_v as_o they_o think_v as_o far_o as_o maelgon_n tent_n they_o furious_o fall_v on_o and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o man_n afore_o they_o awake_v the_o rest_n be_v frighten_v with_o the_o noise_n and_o shout_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o withal_o think_v their_o number_n to_o be_v far_o great_a than_o it_o be_v be_v glad_a to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n to_o quit_v the_o field_n only_a maelgon_n guard_n valiant_o keep_v their_o post_n and_o defend_v their_o lord_n till_o he_o have_v time_n and_o opportunity_n to_o escape_v but_o maelgon_n army_n suffer_v very_o much_o in_o this_o action_n his_o nephew_n conan_n ap_fw-mi howel_n with_o his_o chief_a counsellor_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n be_v both_o take_v prisoner_n and_o eineon_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n with_o a_o great_a number_n more_o be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n about_o the_o same_o time_n gilbert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o buelht_n where_o a_o little_a before_o he_o have_v lose_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o his_o man_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o place_n be_v not_o very_o strong_a and_o tenable_a and_o towards_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o year_n mallt_n or_o maud_n de_fw-fr bruce_n the_o wife_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n depart_v this_o life_n and_o be_v inter_v by_o her_o husband_n in_o a_o monk_n coul_n in_o ystratflur_n but_o the_o follow_a year_n a_o great_a storm_n threaten_v a.d._n 1210_o north-wales_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o marcher_n make_v frequent_a and_o grievous_a complaint_n to_o king_n john_n how_o that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n perpetual_o molest_v their_o country_n slay_v their_o man_n and_o commit_v all_o the_o waste_n and_o destruction_n possible_a as_o he_o pass_v along_o the_o king_n hear_v of_o such_o intolerable_a depredation_n continual_o exercise_v by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n think_v it_o high_a time_n to_o redress_v his_o subject_n and_o therefore_o he_o raise_v a_o mighty_a army_n throughout_o all_o england_n and_o call_v to_o he_o all_o the_o lord_n and_o prince_n of_o wales_n as_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o patent_n from_o he_o as_o howel_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi who_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v banish_v out_o of_o north-wales_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi maylor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n chirke_n and_o yale_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi rotpert_n lord_n of_o cydewen_n gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n maelgon_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n and_o governor_n of_o south_n wales_n with_o this_o formidable_a army_n he_o come_v to_o chester_n intend_v to_o enter_v into_o north-wales_n by_o that_o way_n and_o be_v full_o resolve_v to_o execute_v the_o severe_a vengeance_n upon_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o not_o to_o let_v one_o live_a soul_n remain_v alive_a throughout_o the_o whole_a country_n but_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v easy_o resolve_v upon_o than_o accomplish_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v no_o soon_o inform_v of_o these_o mighty_a preparation_n against_o he_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a strength_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n and_o what_o be_v worst_a of_o all_o be_v assist_v by_o his_o own_o countryman_n but_o he_o issue_v forth_o his_o order_n command_v all_o his_o subject_n of_o the_o inland_n county_n of_o denbigh_n and_o flint_n together_o with_o they_o of_o the_o island_n of_o anglesey_n to_o remove_v for_o a_o time_n all_o their_o cattle_n and_o other_o effect_n to_o snowden-hill_n where_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o remain_v secure_a from_o their_o enemy_n but_o king_n john_n march_v his_o army_n along_o the_o sea-coast_n to_o ruthlan_n and_o there_o pass_v the_o river_n clwyd_n he_o come_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o teganwy_n where_o he_o encamp_v for_o some_o time_n to_o refresh_v and_o recreate_v his_o army_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_a march_n they_o make_v be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n weary_a and_o fatigued_a but_o what_o the_o more_o augment_v their_o misery_n lhewelyn_n get_v behind_o they_o cut_v off_o all_o their_o hope_n of_o provision_n from_o england_n and_o the_o welsh_a by_o the_o advantage_n of_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o strait_n and_o narrow_a passage_n cut_v off_o all_o that_o straggle_v from_o the_o english_a camp_n so_o that_o in_o time_n they_o be_v glad_a to_o take_v up_o with_o horseflesh_n and_o any_o thing_n be_v it_o never_o so_o mean_a which_o may_v till_o up_o their_o greedy_a and_o empty_a stomach_n at_o last_o king_n john_n find_v no_o other_o remedy_n and_o perceive_v it_o impossible_a to_o continue_v long_o there_o so_o hungry_a and_o fainty_a think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o march_v for_o england_n and_o leave_v the_o welsh_a to_o themselves_o and_o so_o he_o decamp_v in_o a_o great_a fury_n leave_v lhewelyn_n to_o bury_v that_o great_a number_n of_o dead_a which_o have_v starve_v in_o this_o successless_a expedition_n but_o to_o recover_v the_o honour_n he_o have_v now_o lose_v he_o be_v resolve_v to_o try_v another_o touch_n with_o the_o welsh_a but_o possible_o not_o with_o the_o same_o confidence_n and_o assurance_n of_o victory_n and_o therefore_o return_v to_o wales_n in_o the_o next_o august_n he_o enter_v with_o such_o another_o terrible_a army_n of_o english_a and_o be_v assist_v by_o the_o same_o welsh_a lord_n at_o blanchmonastery_n now_o oswestry_n be_v in_o the_o lordship_n of_o john_n the_o son_n of_o william_n fitzalan_n in_o this_o expedition_n king_n john_n pass_v the_o river_n conwey_n and_o encamp_v at_o the_o other_o side_n towards_o snowden-hill_n send_v part_n of_o his_o army_n conduct_v by_o guide_n who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o country_n to_o burn_v bangor_n which_o they_o effectual_o do_v and_o take_v roâ—pert_a bishop_n of_o that_o see_v out_o of_o church_n they_o carry_v he_o prisoner_n to_o the_o english_a camp_n where_o he_o continue_v for_o some_o time_n till_o he_o obtain_v his_o ransom_n for_o a_o present_a of_o two_o hundred_o hawk_n but_o prince_n lhewelyn_n find_v the_o whole_a strength_n of_o england_n and_o almost_o wales_n to_o fight_v against_o he_o and_o judge_v it_o impossible_a for_o himself_o alone_o to_o
enjoy_v by_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o a.d._n 1238_o in_o the_o year_n 1238._o prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v discompose_v in_o body_n call_v unto_o he_o all_o the_o lord_n and_o baron_n of_o wales_n to_o ystratflur_v where_o each_o of_o they_o swear_v to_o remain_v true_a and_o faithful_a subject_n and_o do_v homage_n to_o david_n lhewelyn_n son_n who_o he_o have_v name_v to_o succeed_v he_o matthew_z paris_z writes_z that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v impotent_a by_o reason_n of_o a_o palsy_n and_o sore_o disquiet_v by_o his_o son_n gruffydh_n send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n signify_v to_o he_o that_o for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o can_v not_o expect_v to_o live_v long_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o age_n he_o be_v desirous_a to_o lead_v the_o remainder_n of_o his_o day_n in_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n and_o therefore_o now_o purpose_v to_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o government_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n and_o will_v hold_v his_o land_n of_o he_o promise_v withal_o that_o whenever_o the_o king_n shall_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o his_o help_n he_o will_v serve_v he_o both_o with_o man_n and_o money_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n the_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n and_o chester_n be_v send_v mediator_n in_o this_o behalf_n though_o some_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o wales_n open_o and_o peremptory_o withstand_v it_o and_o upon_o no_o condition_n whatsoever_o will_v accept_v of_o such_o a_o peace_n but_o david_n be_v declare_v successor_n to_o the_o principality_n begin_v to_o plague_v his_o brother_n gruffydh_n who_o though_o elder_a be_v yet_o base-born_a and_o take_v from_o he_o arust_o ceri_fw-la cyfeilioc_fw-la mowdhwy_fw-fr mochnant_n and_o careneon_n and_o let_v he_o only_o enjoy_v the_o cantref_o of_o lhyn_n but_o a_o little_a afterward_o he_o dispossess_v he_o of_o all_o and_o contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o bangor_n in_o who_o protection_n gruffydh_n then_o remain_v take_v he_o prisoner_n have_v upon_o promise_n of_o no_o violence_n obtain_v to_o speak_v with_o he_o and_o send_v he_o to_o cricieth_n castle_n but_o whilst_o these_o two_o brother_n continue_v to_o entertain_v a_o irreconcilable_a odium_n one_o to_o another_o their_o father_n prince_n lewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n a.d._n 1240_o to_o the_o great_a grief_n and_o dissatisfaction_n of_o all_o the_o welsh_a depart_v this_o life_n and_o be_v very_o honourable_o inter_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o conwey_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v six_o and_o fifty_o year_n he_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o great_a courage_n and_o audacity_n and_o have_v no_o less_o prudence_n in_o contrive_v than_o boldness_n in_o execute_v any_o martial_a adventure_n he_o be_v a_o great_a support_n to_o the_o welsh_a and_o no_o less_o a_o plague_n to_o the_o english_a he_o make_v very_o considerable_a conquest_n upon_o the_o border_n and_o extend_v the_o frontier_n of_o wales_n much_o beyond_o their_o former_a limit_n he_o have_v issue_n by_o his_o only_a wife_n joan_n daughter_n to_o king_n john_n of_o england_n one_o son_n call_v david_n who_o afterward_o succeed_v in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n and_o a_o daughter_n name_v gladys_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o sir_n ralph_n mortimer_n he_o have_v also_o a_o base_a son_n name_v gruffydh_n who_o his_o brother_n david_n keep_v a_o close_a prisoner_n to_o his_o die_a day_n david_n ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n prince_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n be_v decease_v his_o only_a legitimate_a son_n david_n who_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o wales_n have_v as_o be_v say_v in_o his_o father_n life-time_n swear_v to_o obey_v legal_o succeed_v in_o the_o government_n wherein_o be_v actual_o confirm_v he_o go_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o gloucester_n and_o there_o do_v he_o homage_n appendix_n see_v appendix_n for_o his_o principality_n then_o all_o the_o baron_n both_o english_a and_o welsh_a who_o hold_v any_o land_n in_o wales_n in_o like_a manner_n do_v homage_n and_o fealty_n for_o the_o same_o but_o the_o english_a can_v not_o long_o refrain_v from_o their_o wont_a hostility_n towards_o the_o welsh_a and_o thereupon_o gilbert_n marshal_n take_v advantage_n of_o this_o revolution_n before_o matter_n be_v thorough_o settle_v bring_v a_o army_n before_o the_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n which_o be_v deliver_v up_o to_o he_o he_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a garrison_n prince_n david_n be_v as_o yet_o too_o weak_a to_o appear_v in_o the_o field_n and_o indeed_o the_o more_o by_o reason_n that_o several_a of_o his_o nobility_n and_o other_o can_v not_o affectionate_o love_v he_o for_o that_o unnatural_a spleen_n he_o show_v to_o his_o brother_n gruffydh_n who_o for_o no_o visible_a reason_n he_o detain_v in_o close_a custody_n but_o above_o the_o rest_n richard_z bishop_n of_o bangor_n storm_v at_o the_o prince_n and_o find_v that_o he_o violate_v his_o promise_n in_o set_v his_o brother_n at_o liberty_n who_o under_o pretence_n of_o a_o amicable_a consultation_n he_o have_v fraudulent_o seize_v upon_o in_o the_o bishop_n presence_n without_o more_o ado_n excommunicate_v he_o and_o then_o retire_v to_o england_n make_v a_o very_a querimonious_a relation_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n to_o the_o king_n desire_v he_o to_o release_v gruffydh_n out_o of_o prison_n before_o the_o rumour_n of_o so_o heinous_a a_o fact_n shall_v reach_v the_o court_n of_o rome_n and_o so_o reflect_v upon_o his_o majesty_n reputation_n king_n henry_n thereupon_o send_v to_o his_o nephew_n prince_n david_n blame_v he_o high_o for_o such_o a_o treacherous_a action_n and_o deal_v so_o severe_o with_o his_o brother_n and_o then_o earnest_o request_v he_o to_o deliver_v gruffydh_n out_o of_o custody_n both_o to_o save_v himself_o from_o perpetual_a defamation_n and_o to_o deserve_v a_o absolution_n from_o the_o severe_a sentence_n pronounce_v against_o he_o but_o david_n absolute_o refuse_v to_o comply_v to_o the_o king_n desire_n assure_v he_o that_o wales_n can_v never_o enjoy_v a_o peaceable_a time_n as_o long_o as_o his_o brother_n gruffydh_n have_v his_o liberty_n gruffydh_n be_v acquaint_v with_o his_o brother_n resolution_n and_o think_v that_o thereby_o he_o have_v unavoidable_o displease_v the_o king_n of_o england_n private_o send_v to_o king_n henry_n assure_v he_o that_o if_o by_o force_n he_o will_v deliver_v he_o out_o of_o prison_n he_o will_v not_o only_o hold_v his_o land_n for_o ever_o from_o he_o but_o also_o pay_v he_o the_o yearly_a acknowledgement_n of_o three_o hundred_o mark_n offer_v both_o to_o give_v his_o corporal_a oath_n and_o to_o deliver_v up_o sufficient_a pledge_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o it_o and_o withal_o to_o assist_v the_o king_n with_o all_o his_o power_n in_o bring_v in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o his_o subjection_n moreover_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madawc_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n positive_o assure_v the_o king_n that_o in_o case_n he_o will_v lead_v a_o army_n into_o wales_n to_o revenge_v the_o falsity_n and_o injurious_a practice_n of_o david_n he_o will_v give_v he_o all_o possible_a aid_n and_o assistance_n indeed_o king_n henry_n beside_o this_o solemn_a invitation_n have_v no_o weak_a pretence_n to_o come_v to_o wales_n for_o richard_n bishop_n of_o bangor_n a_o fiery_a man_n have_v prosecute_v the_o matter_n so_o warm_o at_o rome_n that_o he_o obtain_v of_o the_o pope_n also_o to_o excommunicate_a david_n which_o excommunication_n be_v denounce_v against_o he_o his_o land_n be_v pretend_o forfeit_v but_o the_o king_n be_v chief_o allure_v with_o the_o promise_n of_o the_o welsh_a in_o the_o behalf_n of_o gruffydh_n levy_v a_o very_a formidable_a army_n to_o lead_v to_o wales_n strict_o command_v by_o proclamation_n all_o the_o english_a who_o owe_v he_o any_o martial-service_n to_o repair_v arm_v to_o gloucester_n by_o the_o begin_n of_o autumn_n this_o rendezvouz_n be_v according_o perform_v the_o king_n come_v thither_o in_o person_n at_o the_o time_n appoint_v and_o have_v regulate_v his_o troop_n and_o put_v all_o matter_n in_o convenient_a order_n he_o march_v to_o shrewsbury_n where_o he_o remain_v fifteen_o day_n to_o refresh_v his_o army_n during_o his_o stay_n there_o several_a of_o the_o nobility_n become_v suitor_n unto_o he_o on_o behalf_n of_o gruffydh_n who_o condition_n they_o desire_v he_o will_v commiserate_v among_o who_o be_v ralph_n lord_n mortimer_n of_o wigmore_n walter_n clifford_n roger_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr alto_fw-mi steward_n of_o chester_n maelgon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi maelgon_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi rotpert_n lord_n of_o cydewen_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madawc_n of_o bromfield_n howel_n and_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi and_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n these_o nobleman_n prevail_v so_o far_o with_o king_n henry_n that_o a_o league_n be_v conclude_v between_o he_o and_o senena_n the_o wife_n of_o gruffydh_n appendix_n see_v appendix_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o these_o article_n the_o aforesaid_a
do_v not_o last_v long_o the_o english_a governor_n in_o the_o march_n and_o inland_n â—_z of_o wales_n presume_v upon_o the_o prince_n submission_n to_o the_o king_n grievous_o oppress_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n with_o new_a and_o unheard_a of_o 〈◊〉_d action_n and_o with_o intolerable_a partiality_n open_o encourage_v the_o english_a to_o defraud_v and_o oppress_v tâ—â—_n welch_n these_o insupportable_a practice_n move_v tâ—â—_n welch_n to_o go_v in_o a_o body_n to_o david_n lord_n of_o denbigâ—_n to_o endeavour_v a_o reconciliation_n between_o he_o and_o 〈◊〉_d brother_n the_o prince_n that_o they_o both_o be_v at_o unity_n may_v easy_o deliver_v themselves_o and_o their_o country_n from_o the_o unmerciful_a tyranny_n of_o the_o english_a david_n be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o misery_n of_o his_o countryman_n a.d._n 1281_o and_o therefore_o glad_o submit_v to_o be_v reconcile_v to_o his_o brother_n with_o promise_n never_o to_o side_n again_o with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o to_o become_v his_o 〈◊〉_d enemy_n this_o happy_a union_n be_v thus_o effect_v david_n be_v choose_v general_n of_o the_o army_n with_o which_o he_o present_o march_v to_o hawarden_n and_o surprise_v the_o castle_n slay_v all_o that_o oppose_v he_o and_o take_v rogeâ—_n clifford_n prisoner_n who_o have_v be_v send_v by_o king_n edward_n justitiar_n into_o those_o part_n from_o thence_o be_v join_v by_o the_o prince_n he_o pass_v to_o ruthlan_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n but_o upon_o notice_n give_v that_o the_o king_n be_v march_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n he_o think_v convenient_a to_o withdraw_v and_o to_o retire_v back_o at_o the_o same_o time_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi maelgon_n and_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n with_o other_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n take_v from_o the_o english_a the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n with_o divers_a other_o in_o that_o country_n and_o spoil_v all_o the_o people_n thereabouts_o who_o own_a subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n john_n peckham_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n perceive_v how_o matter_n be_v like_a to_o proceed_v between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o prince_n and_o how_o the_o kingdom_n be_v effectual_o involve_v in_o a_o war_n of_o his_o own_o proper_a motion_n come_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n to_o endeavour_v a_o re-submission_n from_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n david_n to_o king_n edward_n and_o so_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o any_o far_a hostility_n but_o he_o send_v beforehand_o to_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n of_o wales_n intimate_v to_o they_o that_o for_o the_o love_n he_o bear_v to_o the_o welsh_a nation_n he_o undertake_v this_o arbitration_n without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o king_n be_v like_n and_o therefore_o earnest_o desire_v that_o they_o will_v submit_v to_o a_o peace_n with_o the_o english_a which_o himself_o will_v endeavour_v to_o bring_v to_o pass_v and_o because_o he_o can_v make_v no_o long_a continuance_n in_o those_o part_n he_o wish_v they_o to_o consider_v how_o that_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o depart_v before_o any_o thing_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o conclusion_n they_o can_v hardly_o find_v another_o who_o will_v so_o hearty_o espouse_v their_o cause_n and_o far_o threaten_v that_o in_o case_n they_o contemn_v and_o deride_v his_o endeavour_n he_o will_v not_o only_o instigate_v the_o english_a army_n now_o great_o strengthen_v and_o increase_v to_o fall_v upon_o they_o but_o also_o signify_v their_o stubbornness_n to_o the_o court_n and_o bishop_n of_o rome_n who_o esteem_v and_o honour_a england_n beyond_o any_o other_o kingdom_n in_o the_o world_n moreover_o he_o much_o lament_v to_o hear_v of_o the_o excessive_a cruelty_n of_o the_o welsh_a even_o beyond_o that_o of_o the_o saracen_n and_o other_o infidel_n who_o never_o refuse_v to_o permit_v slave_n and_o captive_n to_o be_v ransom_v which_o the_o welsh_a be_v so_o far_o from_o practise_v that_o even_o some_o time_n they_o slay_v those_o for_o who_o redemption_n they_o receive_v money_n and_o whereas_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o esteem_v and_o reverence_v holy_a and_o ecclesiastical_a person_n they_o be_v now_o so_o far_o degenerate_v from_o devotion_n and_o sanctity_n that_o nothing_o be_v more_o acceptable_a to_o they_o than_o war_n and_o sedition_n which_o they_o have_v now_o great_a need_n to_o forsake_v and_o repent_v of_o last_o he_o propose_v that_o they_o will_v signify_v to_o he_o wherein_z and_o what_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o they_o be_v violate_v by_o the_o english_a and_o by_o what_o mean_v a_o firm_a and_o a_o last_a peace_n may_v be_v establish_v which_o if_o they_o reject_v they_o must_v expect_v to_o incur_v the_o decree_n and_o censure_n of_o the_o church_n as_o well_o as_o endure_v the_o violent_a inroad_n and_o depredation_n of_o a_o powerful_a army_n to_o these_o partly_o admonition_n and_o partly_o threaten_n of_o the_o archbishop_n prince_n lhewelyn_n return_v a_o answer_n that_o he_o humble_o thank_v his_o grace_n for_o the_o pain_n and_o trouble_v he_o undertake_v in_o his_o and_o his_o subject_n behalf_n and_o more_o particular_o because_o he_o will_v venture_v to_o come_v to_o wales_n contrary_a to_o the_o pleasure_n and_o good_a like_n of_o the_o king_n and_o as_o for_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o he_o he_o will_v not_o have_v his_o grace_n be_v ignorant_a that_o with_o all_o readiness_n he_o be_v willing_a to_o submit_v to_o it_o upon_o condition_n that_o the_o king_n will_v due_o and_o sincere_o observe_v the_o same_o and_o though_o he_o will_v be_v glad_a of_o his_o long_a a.d._n 1201_o continuance_n in_o wales_n yet_o he_o hope_v that_o no_o obstruction_n will_v happen_v of_o his_o side_n why_o a_o peace_n which_o of_o all_o thing_n he_o most_o desire_a may_v not_o be_v forthwith_o conclude_v and_o rather_o by_o his_o grace_n procure_v than_o any_o other_o so_o that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o far_o need_v of_o acquaint_v the_o pope_n with_o his_o obstinacy_n nor_o move_v the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o use_v any_o force_n against_o he_o and_o though_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v under_o the_o immediate_a protection_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n yet_o when_o his_o holiness_n come_v to_o understand_v of_o the_o great_a and_o unsufferable_a wrong_n do_v to_o he_o by_o the_o english_a how_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n be_v break_v church_n and_o all_o other_o religious_a house_n in_o wales_n be_v burn_v down_o and_o destroy_v and_o religious_a person_n unchristian_o murder_v he_o hope_v he_o will_v rather_o pity_v and_o lament_v his_o condition_n than_o with_o addition_n of_o punishment_n increase_v and_o augment_v his_o sorrow_n neither_o shall_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v any_o wise_a disquiet_v and_o molest_v by_o his_o mean_n in_o case_n the_o peace_n be_v religious_o observe_v towards_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n but_o who_o they_o be_v that_o delight_n themselves_o with_o war_n and_o bloodshed_n manifest_o appear_v by_o their_o action_n and_o behaviour_n the_o weâ—ch_n be_v glad_a to_o live_v quiet_o upon_o their_o own_o if_o they_o may_v be_v permit_v by_o the_o english_a who_o come_v to_o the_o country_n utter_o destroy_v whatever_o come_v in_o their_o way_n without_o regard_n either_o to_o sex_n age_n or_o religious_a place_n but_o he_o be_v extreme_a sorry_a that_o any_o one_o shall_v be_v slay_v have_v pay_v his_o râ—â—â—â—â—_n the_o author_n of_o which_o unworthy_a action_n he_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o maintain_v but_o will_v inflict_v upon_o he_o his_o condign_a punishment_n in_o case_n he_o can_v be_v get_v out_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o desert_n where_o as_o a_o outlaw_n â—he_n live_v undiscovered_a but_o as_o to_o commence_v a_o war_n in_o a_o season_n inconvenient_a he_o protest_v he_o know_v nothing_o of_o that_o till_o now_o yet_o those_o that_o do_v so_o do_v solemn_o attest_v that_o to_o be_v the_o only_a measure_n they_o have_v to_o save_v themselves_o and_o that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o security_n for_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n than_o to_o keep_v themselves_o in_o arms._n concern_v his_o sin_n and_o trespass_n against_o god_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o grace_n he_o will_v endeavour_v to_o repent_v of_o neither_o shall_v the_o war_n be_v willing_o continue_v by_o he_o in_o case_n he_o may_v save_v himself_o harmless_a but_o before_o he_o will_v be_v unjust_o dispossess_v of_o his_o legal_a propriety_n he_o think_v it_o but_o reasonable_a by_o all_o possible_a measure_n to_o defend_v himself_o and_o he_o be_v very_o willing_a upon_o due_a examination_n of_o the_o trespass_n commit_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n and_o retribution_n of_o all_o wrong_n commit_v by_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n so_o that_o the_o english_a will_v observe_v the_o same_o of_o their_o side_n and_o likewise_o be_v ready_a to_o conclude_v a_o peace_n which_o he_o think_v be_v impossible_a
england_n both_o as_o to_o the_o substance_n and_o form_n of_o worship_n but_o what_o may_v more_o true_o be_v attribute_v to_o mr._n gouge_n be_v that_o since_o his_o travel_n into_o wales_n and_o the_o propagate_a of_o his_o doctrine_n among_o the_o ignorant_a of_o that_o country_n presbytery_n which_o before_o have_v scarce_o take_v root_n have_v daily_o increase_v and_o grow_v to_o a_o head_n henry_n elder_a son_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o be_v arrive_v to_o the_o age_n of_o seventeen_o year_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n on_o the_o 30_o of_o may_n anno_fw-la 1610_o but_o he_o die_v of_o a_o malignant_a fever_n about_o two_o year_n after_o his_o brother_n charles_n be_v fifteen_o year_n of_o age_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n in_o his_o room_n anno_fw-la 1615._o for_o joy_n of_o this_o new_a creation_n the_o town_n of_o ludlow_n and_o city_n of_o london_n perform_v very_o great_a triumph_n and_o the_o more_o to_o honour_v this_o solemnity_n the_o king_n make_v twenty_o five_o knight_n of_o the_o bath_n all_o lord_n or_o baron_n son_n and_o the_o inn_n of_o court_n to_o express_v their_o joy_n elect_v out_o of_o their_o body_n forty_o choice_a gentleman_n to_o perform_v solemn_a just_n and_o barryers_n charles_n elder_a son_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o by_o henrietta_n maria_n daughter_z to_z king_n henry_n the_o four_o of_o france_n be_v bear_v may_n 29._o 1630._o and_o afterward_o create_v prince_n of_o wales_n since_o the_o happy_a incorporation_n of_o the_o welsh_a with_o the_o english_a the_o history_n of_o both_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o people_n be_v unite_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o repeat_v that_o which_o be_v so_o copious_o and_o frequenty_n deliver_v by_o the_o english_a historian_n but_o shall_v conclude_v with_o dr._n heylyn_n that_o since_o the_o welsh_a have_v be_v incorporate_v with_o the_o english_a they_o have_v show_v themselves_o most_o loyal_a hearty_a and_o affectionate_a subject_n of_o the_o state_n cordial_o devote_v to_o their_o king_n and_o zealous_a in_o defence_n â—f_o their_o law_n liberty_n and_o religion_n as_o well_o as_o any_o â—f_n the_o best_a of_o their_o fellow-subject_n appendix_n the_o return_n of_o a_o commission_n send_v into_o wales_n by_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o to_o search_v out_o the_o pedigree_n of_o owen_n tudor_n henry_n the_o seven_o king_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n son_n of_o edmund_n earl_n of_o richmond_n son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n and_o of_o queen_n catherine_n his_o wife_n daughter_z â—o_z charles_n the_o sixth_z king_n of_o france_n this_o owen_n be_v son_n of_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v fychan_n baron_n of_o brinfeingle_a in_o denbigh_n land_n lord_n of_o kricâ—th_n chief_z justice_z and_z chief_z of_o council_n to_o llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n drwyndwn_n prince_n of_o all_o wales_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o prince_n llewelyn_n grow_v a_o variance_n between_o king_n john_n of_o england_n and_o the_o say_a prince_n whereupon_o ednyfe_v come_v with_o the_o prince_n host_n and_o man_n of_o war_n and_o also_o a_o number_n of_o his_o own_o people_n and_o meet_v these_o english_a lord_n in_o a_o morning_n at_o what_o time_n these_o english_a lord_n be_v hosty_v and_o slay_v and_o immediate_o bring_v their_o head_n be_v yet_o bloody_a to_o the_o say_a prince_n llewelyn_n the_o prince_n see_v the_o same_o cause_v ednyfe_v fychan_n from_o thenceforth_o to_o bear_v in_o his_o arm_n or_o shield_n three_o bloody_a head_n in_o token_n of_o his_o victory_n where_o he_o have_v bear_v in_o his_o arm_n before_o a_o saracen_n head_n and_o so_o ever_o after_o this_o ednyfed_a bear_v the_o say_a arm_n his_o son_n and_o his_o son_n son_n unto_o the_o time_n of_o tuder_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v fychan_n and_o after_o this_o ednyfe_v wed_v one_o gwenllian_a daughter_n to_o rhys_n prince_n of_o south_n wales_n and_o have_v issue_n by_o her_o gronw_n which_o ednyfe_v fychan_n have_v in_o wales_n divers_a goodly_a house_n royal_o adorn_v with_o turret_n and_o garret_n some_o in_o anglesey_n some_o other_o in_o caernarvonshire_n and_o and_o some_o in_o denbighland_n but_o his_o chief_a manor-house_n be_v in_o the_o commot_n of_o crythin_n in_o caernarvonshire_n which_o be_v a_o royal_a palace_n now_o decay_v for_o want_n of_o reparation_n also_o he_o build_v there_o a_o chapel_n in_o the_o worship_n of_o our_o lady_n and_o have_v licence_n of_o the_o pope_n for_o evermore_o to_o sing_v divine_a service_n therein_o for_o his_o soul_n and_o his_o ancestor_n and_o progenitor_n soul_n always_o and_o have_v authority_n to_o give_v his_o tithe_n and_o offering_n to_o his_o chaplain_n there_o vid._n a_o serve_a starve_v which_o ednyfe_v fychan_n be_v son_n to_o kyner_n ap_fw-mi lers_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwgan_n ap_fw-mi marchudd_v which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o fifteen_o tribe_n of_o north-wales_n and_o son_n to_o kynan_n ap_fw-mi elfyn_n ap_fw-mi mor_fw-mi ap_fw-mi mynan_n ap_fw-mi isbwis_fw-mi newintyrche_fw-fr ap_fw-mi isbwis_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cadrod_n calch_n efynydd_n earl_n of_o dunstable_n and_o lord_n of_o northampton_n ap_fw-mi cywyd_n cindion_n ap_fw-mi cynfelyn_n ap_fw-mi arthuys_n ap_fw-mi morydd_n ap_fw-mi cynnaw_fw-mi ap_fw-mi coel_n godeboc_fw-fr king_n of_o britain_n of_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o descend_v lineal_o by_o issue-male_n and_o be_v son_n to_o the_o say_v coel_n in_o the_o thirty_o first_o degree_n as_o it_o be_v approve_v by_o old_a chronicle_n in_o wales_n which_o coel_n be_v son_n of_o tegfan_n ap_fw-mi deheufraint_n ap_fw-mi tudâ—wyl_n ap_fw-mi urban_n ap_fw-mi gradd_n ap_fw-mi rhyfedel_n ap_fw-mi rhydeirne_n ap_fw-mi endigant_n ap_fw-mi endeyrn_n ap_fw-mi enid_n ap_fw-mi endos_fw-mi ap_fw-mi enddolaw_n ap_fw-mi afalach_n ap_fw-mi afflech_n ap_fw-mi beli_n mawr_fw-mi king_n of_o britain_n of_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o descend_v by_o issue-male_n â—nd_n be_v son_n to_o he_o in_o forty_o one_o degree_n which_o beli_n be_v son_n to_o monnogon_n king_n ap_fw-mi king_n â—axor_fw-la ap_fw-mi king_n pyr_n ap_fw-mi king_n soul_fw-mi benissel_n ap_fw-mi rhytherech_n king_n ap_fw-mi rydion_n king_n ap_fw-mi eidol_n king_n ap_fw-mi arthafel_n king_n ap_fw-mi seissilt_fw-mi king_n ap_fw-mi owen_n king_n ap_fw-mi caxho_fw-mi king_n ap_fw-mi bleuddyd_v king_n â—p_n meirion_n king_n ap_fw-mi gwrgust_n king_n ap_fw-mi elydno_n king_n ap_fw-mi clydawc_n king_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n king_n ap_fw-mi urien_n king_n ap_fw-mi andrew_n king_n ap_fw-mi kereni_n king_n ap_fw-mi porrex_n king_n ap_fw-mi coel_n king_n ap_fw-mi cadell_n king_n ap_fw-mi geraint_n king_n ap_fw-mi elidr_n king_n ap_fw-mi morydd_n king_n ap_fw-mi dan_fw-mi king_n ap_fw-mi seissilt_fw-mi king_n ap_fw-mi cyâ—elyn_n king_n ap_fw-mi gwrgan_n king_n alias_o farfâ—rwch_v ap_fw-mi beli_n king_n ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n king_n ap_fw-mi dodion_n king_n ap_fw-mi enyd_v ap_fw-mi kwrwyd_n ap_fw-mi cyrdon_v ap_fw-mi dyfufarth_n prydain_n ap_fw-mi aedd_fw-mi mawr_fw-mi ap_fw-mi antonius_n ap_fw-mi seisillt_n king_n ap_fw-mi rhegaw_n daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o king_n lyr_n and_o wife_n of_o henwin_n prince_n of_o cornwall_n this_o lyr_n be_v son_n of_o bleuddyd_v ab_fw-la rhunbaladr_n brâs_fw-la ap_fw-mi lleon_n ap_fw-mi brutus_n darian_n lâ_v ap_fw-mi effroc_n cadarn_n ap_fw-mi mymbyr_n ap_fw-mi madoc_n ap_fw-mi locrine_n ap_fw-mi brutus_n which_o inherit_v first_o this_o land_n and_o after_o his_o name_n be_v call_v britain_n and_o have_v three_o son_n locrine_n kamber_n and_o albanactus_n locrine_n the_o elder_a part_v the_o isle_n with_o his_o brethren_n and_o keep_v half_o the_o land_n for_o himself_o and_o call_v it_o loegria_n kamber_n second_o son_n have_v the_o land_n beyond_o severn_n and_o name_v it_o kambria_n in_o english_a wales_n albanactus_n have_v scotland_n which_o he_o then_o call_v albania_n after_o his_o own_o name_n of_o which_o brute_n king_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v lineal_o descend_v by_o issue-male_n save_v one_o woman_n and_o be_v son_n to_o brute_n in_o five_o score_n degree_n how_o owen_n grandsire_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o come_v of_o beli_n mawr_n by_o angharad_n mother_n to_o ednyfed_a by_o issue-female_a by_o gittin_n owen_n and_o sir_n john_n leiaf_n book_n the_o mother_n of_o ednyfed_a be_v angharad_n daughter_n of_o hwfa_n ap_fw-mi cyner_n ap_fw-mi rhywallon_n ap_fw-mi ding_v ap_fw-mi tudor_n trefor_n ap_fw-mi mymbyr_n ap_fw-mi cadfarch_n ap_fw-mi gwrgenaw_n ap_fw-mi gwaethiawe_fw-mi ap_fw-mi bywyn_n ap_fw-mi biordderch_n ap_fw-mi gwriawn_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwnnan_n ap_fw-mi gwnfiw_o frych_a ap_fw-mi cadell_n dehurnlluc_n ap_fw-mi pasgan_n ap_fw-mi rhydwf_n ap_fw-mi rhudd_v fedel_n frych_a ap_fw-mi cyndeirn_n ap_fw-mi gwrtheirn_n gwrthenau_n call_v in_o english_a vertiger_n by_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o by_o the_o foresay_a angharad_n mother_n to_o ednyfed_a fychan_n and_o wife_n to_o cyner_n ab_fw-la jer_n ap_fw-mi gwgon_fw-mi be_v son_n to_o the_o say_v vortiger_n in_o thirty_o degree_n which_o vortiger_n be_v son_n to_o rhydeyrn_n ap_fw-mi