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to_o rome_n say_v it_o be_v but_o declaratory_a of_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o same_o authority_n that_o the_o pope_n ever_o exercise_v in_o this_o kingdom_n by_o usurpation_n 2.602_o be_v always_o in_o the_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la with_o which_o also_o agree_v the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n hobart_n that_o whatsoever_o the_o pope_n do_v in_o this_o kingdom_n 146._o even_o then_o when_o he_o be_v in_o his_o great_a height_n and_o strength_n be_v of_o no_o better_a force_n in_o right_a and_o justice_n than_o at_o the_o first_o when_o he_o be_v but_o simple_a bishop_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v coram_fw-la non_fw-la judice_fw-la and_o so_o jus_fw-la non_fw-la habenti_fw-la tuto_fw-la non_fw-la paretur_fw-la honour_n 5._o the_o power_n of_o confer_v honour_n on_o which_o account_n he_o may_v also_o enable_v a_o man_n to_o assign_v his_o surname_n arm_n 4.126_o and_o barony_n to_o another_o for_o as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n 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than_o earl_n of_o chester_n 621._o into_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o cornwall_n which_o he_o create_v into_o a_o duchy_n and_o about_o the_o 18_o of_o his_o reign_n the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o in_o the_o 9th_o of_o r._n 2._o robert_n de_fw-fr vere_n 628._o earl_n of_o oxford_n be_v create_v marquis_n of_o dublin_n and_o h._n 6._o the_o 18_o of_o his_o reign_n create_v john_n lord_n beaumond_n 630._o viscount_n beaumond_n of_o which_o title_n we_o find_v no_o mention_n in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 9_o h._n 3._o for_o they_o be_v not_o at_o that_o time_n in_o be_v 1.69_o and_o to_o this_o yet_o further_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v and_o may_v at_o this_o day_n create_v a_o county-palatine_a palatinate_n which_o none_o but_o the_o emperor_n or_o a_o supreme_a monarch_n may_v do_v for_o whoever_o be_v owner_n thereof_o have_v in_o that_o county_n jura_n regalia_z as_o full_o as_o the_o king_n in_o palatio_fw-la par_fw-fr curis_fw-la solo_fw-la diademate_n dispar_fw-la so_o hugh_n lupus_n 464._o nephew_n of_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n be_v by_o he_o create_v earl_n of_o chester_n 530._o and_o the_o county_n give_v he_o tenendum_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la ita_fw-la libere_fw-la ad_fw-la gladium_fw-la sicut_fw-la ipse_fw-la rex_fw-la tenebat_fw-la angliam_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la 4.211_o by_o which_o general_a word_n he_o have_v jura_n regalia_z within_o the_o say_a county_n and_o consequent_o a_o county-palatine_a without_o express_a word_n and_o by_o force_n thereof_o he_o create_v eight_o cheshire_n baron_n so_o not_o long_o after_o his_o time_n be_v the_o county-palatine_a of_o durham_n raise_v 600._o and_o in_o the_o 10_o of_o h._n 1._o the_o royal_a franchise_n of_o ely_n in_o the_o 13_o of_o edw._n 3._o the_o county-palatine_a of_o pembroke_n and_o in_o the_o 50th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o county_n of_o lancaster_n be_v by_o he_o erect_v into_o a_o county-palatine_a and_o by_o he_o give_v to_o his_o four_o son_n 214._o john_n of_o gaunt_n than_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n for_o life_n to_o which_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v say_v that_o it_o be_v de_n assensu_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la &_o procerum_fw-la sir_n edw._n coke_n answer_v for_o i_o that_o the_o king_n may_v make_v a_o county-palatine_a margin_n by_o his_o letter_n patent_n without_o parliament_n add_v to_o this_o the_o three_o first_o counties-palatine_a create_v in_o ireland_n by_o henry_n the_o second_o viz._n leinster_n which_o he_o grant_v to_o earl_n strongbow_n who_o have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o m._n morough_n prince_n of_o leinster_n 2._o meath_z to_z sir_n hugh_z lacie_n the_o elder_a 3._o ulster_n to_o sir_n hugh_n lacie_n the_o young_a and_o have_v their_o baron_n under_o they_o answerable_a to_o the_o baron_n create_v by_o h._n lupus_n of_o which_o before_o of_o which_o you_o may_v read_v excellent_a learning_n 49._o
and_o in_o another_o of_o the_o same_o king_n 7._o it_o be_v call_v the_o most_o royal_a estate_n of_o your_o imperial_a crown_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o same_o word_n imperial_a 16._o make_v use_v of_o ten_o other_o time_n in_o the_o same_o statute_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v the_o statute_n of_o ireland_n 2._o where_o in_o express_a word_n also_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v entitle_v king_n and_o emperor_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o land_n of_o ireland_n and_o that_o too_o five_o year_n 1._o before_o the_o title_n of_o lord_n of_o ireland_n be_v alter_v into_o king_n and_o by_o the_o act_n that_o so_o alter_v it_o it_o be_v call_v the_o majesty_n and_o state_n of_o a_o king_n imperial_a 1._o and_o so_o in_o the_o first_o of_o qu._n eliz._n english_a in_o which_o the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n be_v enact_v the_o crown_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v three_o time_n call_v imperial_a 3._o and_o in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o year_n as_o often_o and_o in_o the_o 5_o of_o the_o same_o queen_n 1._o that_o require_v all_o ecclesiastic_n graduate_n in_o any_o university_n or_o common-law_n officer_n of_o court_n attorney_n every_o member_n of_o parliament_n under_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o baron_n to_o take_v the_o say_a oath_n of_o supremacy_n before_o he_o enter_v the_o house_n or_o such_o election_n to_o be_v deem_v void_a call_v it_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o imperial_a crown_n and_o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n of_o king_n james_n 1._o use_v the_o same_o expression_n of_o imperial_a four_o time_n and_o upon_o a_o like_a ground_n 3._o of_o mere_a supremacy_n be_v that_o act_n of_o scotland_n before_o the_o union_n of_o the_o crown_n wherein_o it_o be_v say_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n his_o full_a jurisdiction_n and_o free_a empire_n within_o this_o realm_n scotland_n and_o the_o late_a oath_n or_o test_n prescribe_v to_o be_v take_v by_o all_o person_n in_o public_a trust_n in_o that_o kingdom_n 1681._o declare_v the_o king_n majesty_n the_o only_a supreme_a governor_n of_o that_o realm_n over_o all_o person_n as_o well_o ecclesiastical_a as_o civil_a and_o the_o act_n of_o acknowledge_v and_o assert_v the_o right_a of_o succession_n in_o that_o kingdom_n call_v it_o the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o scotland_n in_o all_o which_o matter_n i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o particular_a that_o i_o may_v the_o better_o evince_v my_o reader_n that_o this_o independent_a sovereignty_n and_o supremacy_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n have_v not_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o any_o one_o time_n but_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o all_o and_o that_o our_o king_n hold_v their_o crown_n in_o chief_a from_o god_n and_o owe_v no_o precarious_a acknowledgement_n to_o the_o courtesy_n of_o the_o people_n nor_o be_v the_o king_n immediate_a ecclesiastic_n personal_n originary_a inherent_a power_n which_o he_o execute_v or_o may_v execute_v authoritate_fw-la regiâ_fw-la supremâ_fw-la ecclesiastica_fw-la as_o king_n and_o sovereign_a governor_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n to_o be_v less_o consider_v it_o be_v one_o of_o those_o flower_n which_o 143._o make_v up_o his_o crown_n and_o preserve_v it_o in_o verdure_n and_o here_o i_o question_v not_o but_o it_o will_v be_v grant_v that_o the_o king_n be_v the_o supreme_a patron_n of_o all_o the_o archbishopric_n 1.94_o and_o bishopric_n of_o england_n as_o be_v all_o found_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o hold_v christi_fw-la baroniam_fw-la except_v that_o of_o soder_n 7._o in_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n which_o be_v institute_v by_o pope_n gregory_n the_o four_o 4.285_o and_o may_v perhaps_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o bishop_n thereof_o have_v neither_o place_n nor_o voice_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n and_o so_o be_v at_o first_o donative_n 344._o per_fw-la traditionem_fw-la annuli_fw-la &_o baculi_fw-la pastoralis_fw-la by_o the_o delivery_n of_o a_o ring_n and_o the_o pastoral_a staff_n or_o crosier_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n persuade_v henry_n the_o first_o to_o make_v they_o elective_a by_o their_o chapter_n 17._o refuse_v it_o but_o king_n john_n by_o his_o charter_n recognise_v the_o custom_n and_o right_o of_o the_o crown_n in_o former_a time_n by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o his_o baron_n grant_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v eligible_a as_o least_o doubt_v he_o have_v so_o far_o lock_v up_o himself_o as_o that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v receive_v to_o disapprove_v or_o allow_v for_o before_o that_o i_o find_v 213._o that_o when_o he_o have_v give_v a_o congee_n do_v esly_o to_o the_o monk_n of_o canterbury_n to_o elect_a a_o archbishop_n and_o pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o notwithstanding_o the_o king_n desire_n of_o promote_a the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n to_o it_o who_o also_o they_o have_v elect_v have_v under_o a_o curse_n command_v they_o to_o choose_v stephen_n langton_n with_o which_o for_o fear_n of_o excommunicacation_n they_o comply_v the_o king_n banish_v the_o monk_n as_o traitor_n and_o write_v to_o the_o pope_n 88_o that_o he_o have_v subvert_v the_o liberty_n of_o his_o crown_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o he_o look_v upon_o himself_o as_o the_o supreme_a governor_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o that_o no_o archbishop_n or_o bishop_n can_v be_v put_v upon_o he_o without_o his_o consent_n and_o what_o advantage_n the_o kingdom_n get_v by_o this_o usurpation_n may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o effect_n when_o after_o a_o more_o than_o six_o year_n jurisdiction_n the_o king_n depose_v and_o a_o free_a crown_n put_v in_o vassalage_n it_o only_o open_v a_o way_n to_o those_o future_a broil_n between_o he_o and_o his_o baron_n which_o last_v all_o his_o time_n and_o want_v no_o fuel_n to_o feed_v they_o till_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o son_n man_n begin_v to_o stand_v at_o gaze_n and_o as_o infatuate_v or_o startle_v at_o they_o know_v not_o what_o think_v it_o more_o safety_n to_o look_v on_o than_o lend_v a_o hand_n to_o master_v it_o nor_o have_v they_o full_o resolve_v what_o to_o do_v until_o the_o pope_n have_v demand_v homage_n of_o edw._n 3._o and_o the_o arrear_n of_o one_o thousand_o mark_n per_fw-la ann_n for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n 3._o and_o ireland_n which_o have_v be_v also_o demand_v in_o the_o 3_o of_o edw._n 1._o and_o in_o case_n of_o non-performance_n threaten_v to_o make_v out_o process_n against_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n then_o at_o last_o the_o scale_n fall_v from_o their_o eye_n and_o as_o man_n get_v out_o of_o a_o dream_n they_o begin_v to_o consider_v what_o they_o have_v startle_v at_o and_o as_o a_o argument_n of_o their_o recover_a sense_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a by_o themselves_o the_o lord_n temporal_a by_o themselves_o 4.13_o and_o the_o commons_o by_o themselves_o unanimous_o resolve_v and_o declare_v that_o the_o king_n can_v not_o put_v himself_o his_o realm_n or_o his_o people_n in_o subjection_n without_o their_o assent_n and_o albeit_o it_o may_v it_o be_v as_o say_v sir_n edw._n coke_n contra_fw-la legem_fw-la &_o consuetudinem_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la 357._o contrary_a to_o the_o order_n and_o custom_n of_o parliament_n because_o it_o be_v a_o disherison_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o crown_n after_o which_o to_o avoid_v all_o further_a dispute_n the_o manner_n and_o order_n of_o election_n of_o arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n and_o all_o thing_n relate_v thereunto_o be_v settle_v by_o statute_n 2._o viz._n 1._o negative_o that_o no_o one_o thereafter_o be_v present_v nominate_v or_o commend_v to_o the_o sea_n of_o rome_n for_o the_o dignity_n or_o office_n of_o any_o archbishop_n or_o bishop_n within_o this_o realm_n or_o any_o other_o the_o king_n dominion_n 2_o affirmative_o that_o at_o every_o avoidance_n of_o any_o archbishopric_n or_o bishopric_n as_o before_o the_o king_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n may_v grant_v to_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n where_o the_o sea_n of_o such_o archbishopric_a or_o bishopric_n shall_v happen_v to_o be_v void_a a_o licence_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n as_o of_o old_a time_n have_v be_v accustom_v to_o proceed_v to_o election_n of_o a_o archbishop_n or_o bishop_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o be_v void_a with_o a_o letter_n missive_n contain_v the_o name_n of_o the_o person_n which_o they_o shall_v elect_n or_o choose_v by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o elect_v the_o say_a person_n etc._n etc._n or_o in_o case_n of_o refusal_n incur_v the_o penalty_n of_o a_o praemunire_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a the_o election_n in_o effect_n be_v but_o a_o matter_n of_o form_n it_o be_v the_o king_n mere_a grant_n which_o place_v and_o the_o bishop_n consecration_n which_o make_v a_o bishop_n neither_o do_v the_o king_n of_o this_o land_n use_v herein_o any_o other_o than_o such_o
prerogative_n as_o foreign_a nation_n have_v be_v accustom_v unto_o or_o otherwise_o what_o make_v pope_n boniface_n solicit_v the_o emperor_n honorius_n to_o take_v order_n that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n may_v be_v create_v without_o ambitious_a seek_v of_o the_o place_n a_o needless_a petition_n if_o so_o be_v the_o emperor_n have_v no_o right_n in_o place_v of_o bishop_n there_o 82._o of_o which_o there_o be_v several_a other_o instance_n in_o a_o piece_n of_o mr._n hooker_n touch_v the_o king_n power_n in_o the_o advancement_n of_o bishop_n in_o short_a if_o before_o that_o act_n of_o hen._n 8._o a_o bishop_n in_o england_n have_v be_v make_v a_o cardinal_n 4.357_o the_o bishopric_n become_v void_a but_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v name_v the_o succsseor_n because_o the_o bishopric_n be_v of_o his_o patronage_n and_o as_o to_o the_o arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n in_o ireland_n 359._o the_o respective_a chapter_n of_o ancient_a time_n upon_o every_o avoidance_n sue_v to_o the_o king_n in_o england_n to_o go_v to_o the_o election_n of_o another_o and_o upon_o certificate_n of_o such_o election_n make_v and_o the_o royal_a assent_n obtain_v a_o writ_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o chancery_n here_o to_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o ireland_n 294._o or_o the_o lieutenant_n rehearse_v the_o whole_a matter_n and_o command_v he_o to_o take_v fealty_n of_o the_o bishop_n 411._o and_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o temporalty_n but_o now_o the_o course_n be_v that_o such_o writ_n be_v make_v in_o ireland_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n who_o nominate_v the_o arch_a bishop_n and_o bishop_n there_o as_o he_o do_v in_o england_n and_o then_o the_o chapter_n choose_v he_o who_o the_o king_n name_v to_o they_o and_o thereupon_o the_o writ_n be_v make_v of_o course_n nor_o be_v the_o king_n of_o england_n even_o in_o those_o time_n exclude_v but_o still_o acknowledge_v to_o have_v power_n of_o dispensation_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a acts._n 4.68_o and_o therefore_o as_o he_o first_o give_v bishopric_n and_o abbey_n and_o afterward_o grant_v the_o election_n to_o dean_n and_o chapter_n and_o covent_n so_o likewise_o may_v he_o grant_v dispensation_n to_o a_o bishop_n elect_a to_o retain_v any_o of_o his_o dignity_n 7.12_o or_o benefice_n in_o commendam_fw-la and_o to_o take_v two_o benefice_n and_o to_o a_o bastard_n to_o be_v a_o priest_n and_o where_o the_o statute_n 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 21._o say_v 146._o that_o all_o dispensation_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v grant_v in_o manner_n and_o form_n follow_v and_o not_o otherwise_o yet_o the_o king_n be_v not_o thereby_o restrain_v but_o his_o power_n remain_v full_a and_o perfect_a as_o before_o and_o he_o may_v still_o grant_v they_o as_o king_n for_o all_o act_n of_o justice_n and_o grace_n flow_v from_o he_o and_o on_o this_o account_n also_o he_o can_v pardon_v any_o ecclesiastical_a offence_n as_o heresy_n for_o example_n be_v a_o cause_n mere_o spiritual_a 3.238_o or_o ecclesiastical_a and_o yet_o the_o king_n may_v pardon_v one_o convict_v of_o heresy_n 662._o and_o as_o the_o king_n may_v dispense_v or_o pardon_v so_o also_o do_v that_o supreme_a power_n enable_v he_o to_o several_a other_o thing_n relate_v to_o church-matter_n which_o pertain_v not_o to_o another_o he_o may_v found_v a_o church_n hospital_n or_o free_a chapel_n donative_n and_o whether_o he_o special_o exempt_v the_o same_o from_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n or_o not_o his_o chancellor_n 1.344_o and_o not_o the_o ordinary_n shall_v visit_v it_o and_o he_o may_v by_o his_o charter_n license_v a_o subject_a to_o found_v such_o a_o church_n or_o chapel_n and_o to_o ordain_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v donative_n and_o not_o presentable_a and_o to_o be_v visit_v by_o the_o founder_n and_o not_o by_o the_o ordinary_a and_o thus_o begin_v donative_n in_o england_n whereof_o common_a person_n be_v patron_n so_o he_o shall_v visit_v cathedral_n church_n by_o commissioner_n sede_n vacant_a archiepiscopalii_fw-la 348._o he_o may_v also_o revoke_v before_o induction_n by_o present_v another_o for_o the_o church_n be_v not_o full_a against_o the_o king_n till_o induction_n and_o therefore_o if_o a_o bishop_n collates_n and_o before_o induction_n die_v by_o which_o mean_v the_o temporalty_n come_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n the_o king_n shall_v present_v to_o the_o avoidance_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n 294._o in_o short_a he_o be_v the_o supreme_a ordinary_n and_o on_o that_o account_n may_v take_v the_o resignation_n of_o a_o spiritual_a dignity_n neither_o do_v the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n in_o edward_n the_o fourths_o time_n think_v he_o less_o when_o they_o style_v he_o supremus_fw-la dominus_fw-la noster_fw-la edwardus_fw-la 4._o rex_fw-la 17._o which_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n before_o the_o conquest_n in_o which_o the_o king_n be_v call_v vicarius_fw-la summi_fw-la regis_fw-la the_o vicar_n of_o the_o high_a king_n 72._o and_o albeit_o ecclesiastical_a council_n consist_v of_o churchman_n do_v frame_v the_o law_n whereby_o the_o church_n affair_n be_v order_v in_o ancient_a time_n yet_o no_o canon_n no_o not_o of_o any_o council_n have_v the_o force_n of_o law_n in_o the_o church_n unless_o it_o be_v ratify_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o emperor_n be_v christian_n in_o like_a manner_n our_o convocation_n that_o assemble_v not_o of_o themselves_o but_o by_o the_o king_n writ_n must_v have_v both_o licence_n to_o make_v new_a canon_n and_o the_o royal_a assent_n to_o allow_v they_o before_o they_o can_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n and_o this_o by_o the_o common_a law_n for_o 4.323_o before_o the_o statute_n 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 19_o a_o disme_n i._n e._n the_o ten_o of_o all_o spiritual_a live_n in_o ancient_a time_n pay_v to_o the_o pope_n grant_v by_o they_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o clergy_n before_o the_o royal_a assent_n in_o a_o word_n 371._o the_o king_n may_v make_v order_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o clergy_n without_o parliament_n and_o deprive_v the_o disobedient_a and_o the_o act_n for_o suppress_v seditious_a conventicle_n 2._o have_v a_o save_n to_o his_o majesty_n supremacy_n in_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n and_o so_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v clear_v this_o point_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n be_v a_o sovereign_n imperial_a monarchy_n of_o which_o the_o king_n be_v the_o only_a supreme_a governor_n as_o well_o in_o all_o spiritual_a or_o ecclesiastical_a thing_n or_o cause_n as_o temporal_a it_o remain_v now_o that_o i_o show_v that_o however_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o west_n age_n and_o east_n have_v so_o much_o strive_v about_o that_o great_a title_n of_o emperor_n or_o basileus_n that_o yet_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o supreme_a within_o their_o dominion_n have_v also_o just_o use_v it_o and_o that_o from_o ancient_a age_n as_o no_o less_o proper_a to_o their_o own_o independent_a greatness_n and_o here_o among_o many_o other_o we_o have_v edgar_n frequent_o in_o his_o charter_n 17._o still_v himself_o albionis_n &_o anglorum_fw-la basileus_n king_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o english_a and_o in_o one_o of_o he_o to_o oswald_z bishop_n of_o worcester_z in_o the_o year_n 964._o and_o of_o his_o reign_n the_o six_o ego_fw-la edgarus_n anglorum_fw-la basileus_n omniumque_fw-la regum_fw-la insularum_fw-la oceanique_fw-la britanniam_fw-la circumjacentis_fw-la cunctarumque_fw-la nationum_fw-la quae_fw-la infra_fw-la eam_fw-la includuntur_fw-la imperator_fw-la &_o dominus_fw-la etc._n etc._n report_n i_o edgar_n king_n of_o the_o english_a and_o of_o all_o the_o king_n of_o the_o isle_n and_o the_o ocean_n lie_v round_a britain_n i._n e._n england_n scotland_n and_o wales_n and_o of_o all_o the_o people_n therein_o emperor_n and_o supreme_a lord_n for_o the_o word_n in_o this_o place_n bear_v no_o less_o as_o i_o have_v show_v it_o before_o in_o the_o word_n lord_n of_o ireland_n wherein_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o as_o long_o since_o as_o it_o be_v that_o yet_o the_o king_n of_o england_n or_o britain_n be_v lord_n and_o emperor_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n which_o agree_v with_o that_o of_o one_o of_o his_o successor_n canutus_n when_o sit_v in_o a_o chair_n by_o the_o south_n shore_n he_o use_v these_o word_n to_o the_o sea_n 189._o tumeae_fw-la ditionis_fw-la es_fw-la &_o terra_fw-la in_o qua_fw-la sedeo_fw-la mea_fw-la est_fw-la thou_o be_v of_o my_o dominion_n or_o empire_n and_o the_o land_n whereon_o i_o sit_v be_v i_o as_o take_v it_o clear_o that_o he_o be_v the_o supreme_a lord_n and_o emperor_n of_o both_o whence_o also_o seld._n it_o be_v affirm_v by_o belknap_n one_o of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n 5_o r._n 2._o that_o the_o sea_n be_v of_o the_o king_n ligeance_n as_o of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n 4.343_o so_o that_o edward_n his_o son_n in_o a_o charter_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o ramsey_n ego_fw-la edwardus_fw-la totius_fw-la albionis_fw-la dei_fw-la moderante_fw-la gubernation_n basileus_n i_o edward_n by_o the_o guidance_n or_o
assemble_v the_o elder_n of_o israel_n and_o all_o the_o ruler_n of_o the_o tribe_n and_o the_o head_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n to_o jerusalem_n and_o here_o too_o not_o a_o word_n of_o the_o people_n 4.3_o and_o yet_o sir_n edw._n coke_n call_v they_o both_o parliament_n and_o so_o no_o doubt_n but_o they_o be_v somewhat_o like_o it_o or_o otherwise_o so_o many_o succeed_a century_n have_v never_o take_v pattern_n from_o they_o not_o to_o run_v so_o far_o from_o home_n what_o be_v our_o saxon_a witenage_n mote_n micel_v synod_n micel_v gemote_n or_o great_a council_n but_o so_o many_o assembly_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n concern_v who_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v presume_v but_o that_o they_o be_v of_o the_o first_o rate_n the_o lump_n of_o the_o people_n as_o i_o so_o late_o touch_v it_o be_v for_o many_o age_n before_o and_o after_o not_o breed_v to_o letter_n and_o consequent_o more_o apt_a for_o blow_n than_o argument_n and_o ready_a to_o cut_v the_o knot_n in_o two_o with_o their_o sword_n than_o untie_v it_o with_o their_o tongue_n and_o in_o all_o the_o saxon_a annal_n we_o find_v the_o principal_a or_o chief_a wites_z 20._o or_o wise_a man_n of_o the_o nation_n 450._o the_o assembly_n of_o god_n servant_n the_o clergy_n than_o so_o call_v alderman_n or_o earl_n great_a man_n chief_a man_n nobleman_n the_o constituent_a part_n of_o those_o great_a council_n but_o no_o commons_o to_o be_v find_v or_o any_o that_o represent_v they_o neither_o do_v sir_n edw._n coke_n in_o any_o authority_n of_o he_o before_o the_o latter_a year_n of_o henry_n 3._o prove_v any_o where_o that_o the_o commons_o at_o that_o time_n be_v any_o such_o part_n of_o those_o parliament_n for_o if_o they_o have_v there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o he_o will_v have_v name_v they_o also_o as_o he_o do_v those_o other_o that_o make_v up_o those_o parliament_n 3._o rex_fw-la eldredus_fw-la convocavit_fw-la magnates_fw-la episcopos_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o optimates_fw-la ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la de_fw-la publicis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la regni_fw-la 580._o king_n eldred_n say_v he_o call_v together_o his_o earl_n bishop_n baron_n and_o chief_a man_n but_o not_o a_o word_n again_o of_o the_o commonalty_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v the_o learned_a mr._n selden_n 524._o where_o we_o have_v several_a other_o instance_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n but_o not_o one_o word_n in_o any_o of_o they_o touch_v the_o commons_o and_o as_o the_o saxon_a great_a man_n 44.46_o be_v only_o present_a in_o their_o great_a council_n so_o be_v only_o the_o norman_a baron_n and_o their_o great_a man_n in_o those_o of_o the_o conqueror_n for_o we_o often_o meet_v arch-bishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n but_o no_o where_o find_v the_o least_o mention_n of_o the_o commons_o neither_o be_v it_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o his_o new_a acquest_n will_v yet_o suffer_v he_o to_o trust_v a_o people_n he_o have_v so_o late_o conquer_v or_o that_o he_o make_v to_o himself_o other_o measure_n than_o what_o he_o take_v from_o his_o sword_n and_o as_o to_o william_n rufus_n his_o time_n we_o find_v it_o the_o same_o for_o in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n there_o be_v a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o winchester_n and_o in_o the_o seven_o 52._o another_o at_o rockingham_n and_o in_o the_o ten_o 581._o de_n statu_fw-la regni_fw-la acturus_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n &_o quosque_fw-la regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la praecepti_fw-la svi_fw-la sanctione_n egit_fw-la be_v to_o order_v some_o affair_n of_o the_o realm_n he_o command_v together_o the_o bishop_n abbat_n and_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o yet_o all_o this_o while_n not_o a_o word_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o like_a manner_n albeit_o in_o the_o first_o of_o henry_n 1_o clerus_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la universus_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o clergy_n and_o all_o the_o people_n be_v summon_v to_o westminster_n yet_o here_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v use_v as_o contradistinct_a to_o the_o clergy_n 58._o to_o which_o it_o be_v oppose_v and_o denote_v not_o any_o distinct_a state_n or_o order_n among_o secular_a man_n or_o laic_n but_o a_o order_n and_o estate_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o ecclesiastic_n or_o clergy_n these_o two_o word_n of_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la be_v the_o two_o general_a state_n or_o order_n into_o which_o all_o mankind_n be_v divide_v and_o so_o he_o cite_v it_o as_o quote_v by_o sir_n will._n dugdale_n ang._n touch_v the_o coronation_n of_o king_n egbert_n veniunt_fw-la wintoniam_fw-la clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la the_o clergy_n and_o people_n come_v to_o winchester_n to_o which_o also_o mr._n selden_n give_v a_o great_a light_n when_o of_o the_o same_o council_n he_o say_v 581._o ad_fw-la commune_v concilium_fw-la baronum_fw-la meorum_fw-la be_v mention_v in_o it_o or_o what_o mean_v that_o other_o of_o the_o three_o of_o the_o same_o king_n wherein_o they_o be_v call_v primate_fw-la utriusque_fw-la ordinis_fw-la the_o chief_n of_o both_o order_n i._n e._n of_o the_o clergy_n viz._n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o of_o laity_n viz._n the_o noble_n who_o be_v also_o call_v principes_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o chief_a or_o head_n man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o which_o also_o we_o have_v several_a instance_n in_o that_o beloved_a physician_n be_v ingenuious_a 63._o learned_a answer_n to_o mr._n petit._n neither_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o great_a council_n in_o king_n stephen_n time_n consist_v of_o any_o other_o than_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o nobility_n there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o mention_n of_o the_o milites_fw-la or_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la knight_n or_o freeman_n or_o that_o they_o act_v in_o they_o but_o from_o these_o usurpation_n we_o come_v to_o hen._n 2._o who_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n be_v dead_a come_v in_o upon_o a_o rightful_a title_n from_o his_o grandfather_n henry_n 1._o and_o yet_o the_o great_a council_n at_o clarendon_n which_o be_v the_o 10_o of_o his_o reign_n consist_v only_o of_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbat_n prior_n earl_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o albeit_o mr._n selden_n as_o himself_o from_o hoveden_n say_v that_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o clergy_n and_o people_n of_o the_o land_n be_v then_o assemble_v it_o appear_v not_o that_o any_o other_o estate_n be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la than_o the_o lay_v noble_n for_o at_o the_o great_a council_n of_o northampton_n which_o be_v the_o follow_a year_n rex_fw-la statuens_fw-la celebrare_fw-la solenne_fw-fr concilium_fw-la 583._o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la tenebant_fw-la de_fw-fr rege_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la mandari_fw-la fecit_fw-la the_o king_n have_v resolve_v to_o hold_v a_o great_a council_n he_o summon_v thither_o all_o those_o that_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la i._n e._n in_o chief_a now_o to_o hold_v in_o chief_a of_o the_o king_n be_v to_o hold_v of_o he_o immediate_o and_o mere_o as_o king_n and_o of_o his_o crown_n as_o of_o a_o seigneury_n in_o gross_a and_o in_o chief_a above_o all_o other_o seigneury_n and_o not_o as_o of_o or_o by_o mean_n of_o some_o honour_n castle_n or_o manor_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o in_o the_o precede_a leaf_n mr._n selden_n say_v tenere_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la &_o habere_fw-la possessiones_fw-la sicut_fw-la baroniam_fw-la be_v synonimy_n and_o to_o hold_v in_o chief_a and_o to_o have_v their_o possession_n as_o barony_n baro._n be_v to_o have_v the_o right_n of_o sit_v in_o council_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o baron_n concern_v which_o it_o do_v not_o yet_o appear_v that_o the_o commonalty_n at_o that_o time_n have_v any_o from_o thence_o and_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o and_o until_o the_o 15_o of_o k._n john_n we_o find_v it_o the_o same_o only_o at_o that_o time_n the_o king_n be_v at_o rochel_n in_o france_n commit_v the_o custody_n of_o england_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n then_o chief_a justice_n and_o write_v to_o his_o baron_n knight_n and_o to_o all_o his_o feudatary_n or_o vassal_n through_o england_n that_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o pope_n letter_n touch_v the_o release_n of_o the_o interdict_v under_o which_o the_o kingdom_n than_o lie_v and_o of_o which_o i_o touch_v before_o which_o he_o have_v send_v to_o the_o say_a bishop_n and_o therefore_o require_v they_o as_o of_o who_o kindness_n and_o fidelity_n he_o have_v full_a confidence_n that_o according_a to_o what_o the_o say_a bishop_n shall_v then_o say_v unto_o they_o they_o will_v effectual_o give_v their_o advice_n and_o aid_v as_o in_o like_a manner_n he_o write_v to_o several_a other_o city_n and_o burrough_n thereby_o earnest_o require_v they_o that_o according_a to_o what_o the_o say_a bishop_n shall_v give_v they_o to_o understand_v that_o they_o effectual_o apply_v themselves_o to_o give_v he_o a_o supply_n towards_o the_o relaxation_n
of_o the_o say_v interdict_v and_o thereby_o also_o promise_v they_o a_o re-payment_n with_o thanks_o so_o that_o he_o only_o borrow_v money_n of_o they_o on_o that_o particular_a occasion_n but_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o hint_n or_o direct_v they_o to_o send_v their_o proxy_n or_o representative_n to_o any_o great_a council_n to_o be_v then_o call_v as_o we_o have_v it_o and_o the_o history_n of_o that_o time_n more_o at_o large_a 99_o in_o the_o say_a answer_n to_o mr._n petit._n and_o now_o have_v offer_v thus_o far_o to_o this_o matter_n i_o shall_v go_v on_o with_o the_o reason_n of_o those_o time_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v thus_o william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v subdue_v england_n begin_v now_o to_o consider_v the_o way_n of_o secure_v it_o and_o to_o that_o purpose_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o proverb_n cut_v large_a thong_n out_o of_o other_o man_n hide_n and_o as_o a_o reward_n of_o the_o service_n do_v he_o grant_v a_o certain_a compass_n or_o circuit_n of_o land_n unto_o such_o of_o his_o chief_a man_n as_o have_v assist_v he_o in_o the_o acquisition_n to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n to_o dwell_v on_o and_o exercise_v such_o jurisdiction_n therein_o as_o he_o think_v good_a to_o grant_v perform_v also_o such_o service_n and_o pay_v he_o such_o yearly_a rent_n as_o the_o grant_v require_v they_o again_o parcele_v this_o land_n to_o such_o other_o mean_a man_n as_o have_v follow_v they_o in_o the_o expedition_n under_o such_o service_n and_o rent_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o by_o this_o mean_n as_o those_o great_a man_n become_v tenant_n to_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a so_o the_o inferior_n become_v tenant_n to_o they_o who_o as_o superior_n exercise_v a_o kind_n of_o little_a kingship_n over_o they_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n be_v supreme_a lord_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o impose_v from_o time_n to_o time_n such_o law_n as_o by_o the_o advice_n and_o assent_v of_o those_o his_o baron_n be_v think_v expedient_a and_o unto_o which_o 451._o consentire_fw-la inferior_a cuique_fw-la vis_fw-la we_o est_fw-la in_fw-la persona_fw-la domini_fw-la svi_fw-la capitalis_fw-la prout_fw-la hodie_fw-la per_fw-la procuratores_fw-la comitatus_fw-la vel_fw-la burgi_n quos_fw-la in_o parliamentis_fw-la knight_n and_o burgess_n appellamus_fw-la to_o which_o every_o inferior_a say_v he_o be_v presume_v to_o consent_v in_o the_o person_n of_o his_o chief_a lord_n from_o who_o he_o hold_v as_o at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o representatives_n of_o county_n and_o burrough_n in_o parliament_n who_o we_o call_v knight_n and_o burgess_n and_o certain_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n to_o be_v make_v but_o that_o if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o such_o privilege_n of_o ancient_a time_n belong_v to_o the_o people_n that_o the_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n will_v not_o have_v pass_v so_o material_a a_o thing_n in_o silence_n especial_o consider_v how_o many_o of_o lesser_a account_n be_v every_o where_o find_v among_o they_o polidor_n virgil_n will_v have_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v bring_v into_o those_o great_a council_n in_o the_o 16_o of_o henry_n i._o sir_n walter_n raleigh_n about_o the_o 18_o of_o that_o king_n but_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n will_v not_o allow_v it_o his_o word_n be_v these_o sine_fw-la ut_fw-la sodes_fw-la dicam_fw-la ibidem_fw-la collegisse_fw-la i_o centenas_fw-la reor_fw-la conciliorum_fw-la edictiones_fw-la tenoresque_fw-la ipsos_fw-la plurimorum_fw-la ab_fw-la ingressu_fw-la guilielmi_n 1_o ad_fw-la excessum_fw-la hen._n 3._o existentium_fw-la nec_fw-la in_o tanta_fw-la multitudine_fw-la de_fw-la plebe_fw-la uspiam_fw-la reperisse_fw-la aliquid_fw-la nil_fw-la in_o his_o delituerit_n give_v i_o leave_v say_v he_o to_o speak_v frank_o i_o believe_v i_o have_v collect_v a_o hundred_o act_n of_o council_n and_o the_o form_n of_o most_o from_o the_o come_n in_o of_o william_n the_o first_o to_o the_o go_v off_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o nor_o in_o so_o great_a a_o number_n have_v i_o any_o where_o find_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o commonalty_n nothing_o of_o it_o lie_v in_o they_o and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v probable_a in_o that_o henry_n the_o three_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o his_o long_a but_o troublesome_a reign_n bring_v they_o in_o to_o counterpoise_v the_o faction_n of_o his_o seditious_a baron_n for_o though_o at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o merton_n 3._o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o mention_n of_o the_o commons_o yet_o in_o those_o at_o marleborough_n they_o be_v thus_o name_v the_o more_o discreet_a man_n of_o the_o realm_n 3._o be_v call_v together_o as_o well_o of_o the_o high_a as_o of_o the_o low_a estate_n and_o in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o first_o make_v in_o the_o three_o of_o edw._n 1._o who_o as_o he_o be_v first_o of_o his_o name_n after_o the_o conquest_n so_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o settle_v the_o law_n and_o state_n and_o free_v this_o kingdom_n from_o the_o wardship_n of_o the_o peer_n it_o be_v thus_o say_v these_o be_v the_o act_n of_o king_n edward_n son_n to_z king_n henry_n make_v at_o westminster_n at_o his_o first_o parliament_n etc._n etc._n by_o his_o council_n and_o by_o the_o assent_n of_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o all_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v thither_o summon_v etc._n etc._n and_o so_o that_o word_n parliament_n which_o as_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n say_v in_o king_n john_n time_n 452._o nondum_fw-la emicuit_fw-la be_v not_o yet_o get_v up_o other_o than_o by_o the_o name_n of_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la the_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n come_v in_o use_n as_o it_o be_v now_o take_v and_o the_o commons_o as_o they_o be_v at_o this_o day_n a_o essential_a and_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o same_o and_o a_o three_o estate_n 6._o that_o the_o lord_n temporal_a be_v one_o estate_n of_o the_o realm_n estate_n be_v never_o doubt_v mr._n selden_n begin_v his_o privilege_n of_o 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different_a form_n in_o the_o writ_n 594._o viz._n in_o fide_fw-la &_o dilectione_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o lord_n temporal_a in_o fide_fw-la &_o ligeancia_fw-la etc._n etc._n 3._o they_o have_v a_o convocation_n by_o themselves_o consist_v of_o a_o upper_a house_n viz._n arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n and_o a_o low_a house_n viz._n the_o procuratores_fw-la cleri_fw-la 4.322_o call_v together_o by_o the_o king_n writ_n and_o have_v the_o same_o privilege_n for_o themselves_o their_o servant_n 1._o and_o familiar_n as_o other_o member_n of_o parliament_n and_o grant_v their_o subsidy_n apart_o and_o distinct_a from_o the_o lay_v noble_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o respective_a act_n by_o which_o they_o have_v be_v grant_v as_o also_o ratify_v and_o confirm_v 4._o the_o general_a stile_n of_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n have_v be_v such_o that_o sometime_o the_o ecclesiastical_a lord_n be_v respective_o name_v 1._o as_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n as_o well_o as_o the_o temporal_a lord_n and_o sometime_o 1_o by_o the_o inclusive_a name_n of_o the_o prelate_n and_o so_o to_o the_o 10_o of_o richard_n 2._o where_o it_o be_v say_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o under_o which_o general_a word_n of_o the_o lord_n they_o seem_v at_o first_o to_o be_v include_v as_o if_o they_o be_v but_o one_o estate_n with_o they_o be_v it_o not_o in_o the_o 13_o of_o the_o say_a king_n again_o say_v of_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n and_o lord_n temporal_a and_o commons_o and_o in_o another_o of_o the_o 20_o by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o prelate_n lord_n and_o commons_o and_o in_o the_o 14.15.16_o and_o 17._o of_o the_o same_o king_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o his_o parliament_n and_o the_o parliament_n and_o none_o of_o they_o name_v apart_o from_o which_o time_n till_o the_o four_o of_o henry_n 4._o the_o word_n prelate_n be_v again_o continue_v