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and_o injustice_n that_o the_o law_n respect_v but_o that_o which_o i_o most_o except_v against_o in_o this_o definition_n be_v that_o it_o suppose_v that_o a_o statute_n make_v by_o the_o sovereign_a power_n of_o a_o nation_n may_v be_v unjust_a there_o may_v indeed_o in_o a_o statute_n law_n make_v by_o man_n be_v find_v iniquity_n but_o not_o injustice_n la._n this_o be_v somewhat_o subtle_a i_o pray_v deal_v plain_o what_o be_v the_o difference_n between_o injustice_n and_o iniquity_n ph._n i_o pray_v you_o tell_v i_o first_o what_o be_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o a_o court_n of_o equity_n la._n a_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v that_o which_o have_v cognizance_n of_o such_o cause_n as_o be_v to_o be_v end_v by_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o a_o
the_o sustain_n of_o his_o sovereign_a power_n be_v to_o destroy_v the_o propriety_n he_o pretend_v to_o the_o next_o thing_n i_o will_v ask_v you_o be_v how_o you_o distinguish_v between_o law_n and_o right_n or_o lex_fw-la and_o jus._n la._n sir_n ed._n coke_n in_o divers_a place_n make_v lex_n and_o jus_n to_o be_v the_o same_o and_o so_o lex_fw-la communis_fw-la and_o jus_fw-la communis_fw-la to_o be_v all_o one_o nor_o do_v i_o find_v that_o he_o do_v in_o any_o place_n distinguish_v they_o ph._n then_o will_v i_o distinguish_v they_o and_o make_v you_o judge_v whether_o my_o distinction_n be_v not_o necessary_a to_o be_v know_v by_o every_o author_n of_o the_o common_a law_n for_o law_n oblige_v i_o to_o do_v or_o forbear_v the_o do_v of_o something_o and_o therefore_o it_o lie_v upon_o i_o a_o obligation_n but_o my_o right_n be_v a_o liberty_n leave_v i_o by_o the_o law_n to_o do_v any_o thing_n which_o the_o law_n forbid_v i_o not_o and_o to_o leave_v undo_v any_o thing_n which_o the_o law_n command_v i_o not_o do_v sir_n ed._n coke_n see_v no_o difference_n between_o be_v bind_v and_o be_v free_a la._n i_o know_v not_o what_o he_o be_v but_o he_o have_v not_o mention_v it_o though_o a_o man_n may_v dispense_v with_o his_o own_o liberty_n that_o can_v do_v so_o with_o the_o law_n ph._n but_o what_o be_v you_o better_o for_o your_o right_n if_o a_o rebellious_a company_n at_o home_n or_o a_o enemy_n from_o abroad_o take_v away_o the_o good_n or_o dispossess_v you_o of_o the_o land_n you_o have_v a_o right_n to_o can_v you_o be_v defend_v or_o repair_v but_o by_o the_o strength_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n what_o reason_n therefore_o can_v be_v give_v by_o a_o man_n that_o endeavour_n to_o preserve_v his_o propriety_n why_o he_o shall_v deny_v or_o malign_o contribute_v to_o the_o strength_n that_o shall_v defend_v he_o or_o repair_v he_o let_v we_o see_v now_o what_o your_o book_n say_v to_o this_o point_n and_o other_o point_n of_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n bracton_n the_o most_o authentic_a author_n of_o the_o common_a law_n fol._n 55._o say_v thus_o ipse_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la habet_fw-la omne_fw-la jura_n in_fw-la manu_fw-la suâ_fw-la est_fw-la dei_fw-la vicarius_fw-la habet_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la pacis_fw-la habet_fw-la etiam_fw-la coercionem_fw-la ut_fw-la delinquentes_fw-la puniat_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o potestate_fw-la suâ_fw-la leges_fw-la nihil_fw-la enim_fw-la prodest_fw-la jura_n condere_fw-la nisi_fw-la sit_fw-la qui_fw-la jura_n tueatur_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v our_o lord_n the_o king_n have_v all_o right_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n be_v god_n vicar_n he_o have_v all_o that_o concern_v the_o peace_n he_o have_v the_o power_n to_o punish_v delinquent_n all_o the_o law_n be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o make_v law_n be_v to_o no_o purpose_n unless_o there_o be_v somebody_o to_o make_v they_o obey_v if_o bracton_n law_n be_v reason_n as_o i_o and_o you_o think_v it_o be_v what_o temporal_a power_n be_v there_o which_o the_o king_n have_v not_o see_v that_o at_o this_o day_n all_o the_o power_n spiritual_n which_o bracton_n allow_v the_o pope_n be_v restore_v to_o the_o crown_n what_o be_v there_o that_o the_o king_n can_v do_v except_v sin_n against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n the_o same_o bracton_n lib._n 21._o c._n 8._o say_v thus_o si_fw-la autem_fw-la a_o rege_fw-la petitur_fw-la cum_fw-la breve_fw-la non_fw-la curret_fw-la contra_fw-la ipsum_fw-la locus_fw-la erit_fw-la supplicationi_fw-la quod_fw-la factum_fw-la suum_fw-la corrigat_fw-la &_o emendet_fw-la quod_fw-la quidem_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la fecerit_fw-la satis_fw-la sufficit_fw-la ad_fw-la poenam_fw-la quod_fw-la dominum_fw-la expectet_fw-la vltorem_fw-la nemo_fw-la quidem_fw-la de_fw-la factis_fw-la ejus_fw-la praesumat_fw-la disputare_fw-la multo_fw-la fortius_fw-la contra_fw-la factum_fw-la ejus_fw-la venire_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o any_o thing_n be_v demand_v of_o the_o king_n see_v a_o writ_n lie_v not_o against_o he_o he_o be_v put_v to_o his_o petition_n pray_v he_o to_o correct_v and_o amend_v his_o own_o fact_n which_o if_o he_o will_v not_o do_v it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a penalty_n for_o he_o that_o he_o be_v to_o expect_v a_o punishment_n from_o the_o lord_n no_o man_n may_v presume_v to_o dispute_v of_o what_o he_o do_v much_o less_o to_o resist_v he_o you_o see_v by_o this_o that_o this_o doctrine_n concern_v the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n so_o much_o cry_v down_o by_o the_o long_a parliament_n be_v the_o ancient_a common-law_n and_o that_o the_o only_a bridle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n aught_o to_o be_v the_o fear_n of_o god_n and_o again_o bracton_n c._n 24._o of_o the_o second_o book_n say_v that_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n can_v be_v grant_v away_o ea_fw-la vero_fw-la quae_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la &_o pacis_fw-la &_o ea_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la justitiae_fw-la &_o paci_n annexa_fw-la ad_fw-la nullum_fw-la pertinent_a nisi_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la regiam_fw-la nec_fw-la a_o corona_n separari_fw-la possunt_fw-la nec_fw-la a_o privata_fw-la persona_fw-la possideri_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o jurisdiction_n and_o peace_n and_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v annex_v to_o justice_n and_o peace_n appertain_v to_o none_o but_o to_o the_o crown_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o king_n nor_o can_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o crown_n nor_o be_v possess_v by_o a_o private_a person_n again_o you_o will_v find_v in_o fleta_n a_o law-book_n write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 2._o that_o liberty_n though_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n if_o they_o tend_v to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o justice_n or_o subversion_n of_o the_o regal_a power_n be_v not_o to_o be_v use_v nor_o allow_v for_o in_o that_o book_n c._n 20._o concern_v article_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a be_v to_o inquire_v of_o the_o 54th_o article_n be_v this_o you_o shall_v inquire_v de_fw-fr libertatibus_fw-la concessis_fw-la quae_fw-la impediunt_fw-la communem_fw-la jâ—stitiam_fw-la &_o regiam_fw-la potestatem_fw-la subvertunt_fw-la now_o what_o be_v a_o great_a hindrance_n to_o common_a justice_n or_o a_o great_a subversion_n of_o the_o regal_a power_n than_o a_o liberty_n in_o subject_n to_o hinder_v the_o king_n from_o raise_v money_n necessary_a to_o suppress_v or_o prevent_v rebellion_n which_o do_v destroy_v justice_n and_o subvert_v the_o power_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n moreover_o when_o a_o charter_n be_v grant_v by_o a_o king_n in_o these_o word_n dedita_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la pro_fw-la i_n &_o haeredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la the_o grantor_n by_o the_o common-law_n as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v in_o his_o commentary_n on_o littleton_n be_v to_o warrant_v his_o gift_n and_o i_o think_v it_o reason_n especial_o if_o the_o gift_n be_v upon_o consideration_n of_o a_o price_n paid_n suppose_v a_o foreign_a state_n shall_v say_v claim_n to_o this_o kingdom_n it_o 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so_o nor_o do_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o the_o subject_n whether_o they_o come_v into_o the_o family_n have_v no_o title_n at_o all_o to_o demand_v any_o part_n of_o the_o land_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o but_o security_n to_o which_o also_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o contribute_v their_o whole_a strength_n and_o if_o need_v be_v their_o whole_a fortune_n for_o it_o can_v be_v suppose_v that_o any_o one_o man_n can_v protect_v all_o the_o rest_n with_o his_o own_o single_a strength_n and_o for_o the_o practice_n it_o be_v manifest_a in_o all_o conquest_n the_o land_n of_o the_o vanquish_a be_v in_o the_o sole_a power_n of_o the_o victor_n and_o at_o his_o disposal_n do_v not_o joshua_n and_o the_o high-priest_n divide_v the_o land_n of_o canaan_n in_o such_o sort_n among_o the_o tribe_n of_o israel_n as_o they_o please_v do_v not_o the_o roman_a and_o grecian_a prince_n and_o state_n according_a to_o their_o own_o discretion_n send_v out_o the_o colony_n to_o 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as_o not_o to_o dispose_v of_o any_o part_n thereof_o but_o only_o to_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o people_n and_o that_o must_v be_v either_o by_o his_o own_o or_o by_o the_o people_n discretion_n that_o be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o where_o do_v you_o find_v that_o the_o conqueror_n dispose_v of_o his_o land_n as_o he_o do_v some_o to_o englishman_n some_o to_o frenchman_n and_o some_o to_o norman_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o divers_a tenor_n as_o knight-service_n soccage_n etc._n etc._n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o that_o he_o ever_o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o have_v the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o of_o england_n in_o dispose_v of_o those_o land_n he_o have_v take_v from_o they_o or_o for_o retain_v of_o such_o and_o such_o land_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n by_o the_o name_n of_o forest_n for_o his_o own_o recreation_n or_o magnificence_n you_o have_v hear_v perhaps_o that_o some_o lawyer_n or_o other_o man_n repute_v wise_a and_o good_a patriot_n have_v give_v out_o that_o all_o the_o land_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v possess_v have_v be_v give_v they_o by_o the_o people_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o shall_v therewith_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o their_o war_n and_o pay_v the_o wage_n of_o their_o minister_n and_o that_o those_o land_n be_v gain_v by_o the_o people_n money_n for_o that_o be_v pretend_v in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n when_o they_o take_v from_o the_o king_n his_o town_n of_o kingston_n upon_o hull_n but_o i_o know_v you_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o pretence_n be_v just_a it_o can_v therefore_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o land_n which_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n give_v away_o to_o englishman_n and_o other_o and_o which_o they_o now_o hold_v by_o his_o letter_n patent_n and_o other_o conveyance_n be_v proper_o and_o real_o his_o own_o or_o else_o the_o title_n of_o they_o that_o now_o hold_v they_o must_v be_v invalid_a la._n i_o assent_n as_o you_o have_v show_v i_o the_o begin_n of_o monarchy_n so_o let_v i_o hear_v your_o opinion_n concern_v their_o growth_n ph._n great_a monarchy_n have_v proceed_v from_o small_a family_n first_o by_o war_n wherein_o the_o victor_n not_o only_o enlarge_v his_o territory_n but_o also_o the_o number_n and_o riches_n of_o his_o subject_n as_o for_o other_o form_n of_o commonwealth_n they_o have_v be_v enlarge_v otherways_o first_o by_o a_o voluntary_a conjunction_n of_o many_o lord_n of_o family_n into_o one_o great_a aristocracy_n second_o by_o rebellion_n proceed_v first_o anarchy_n and_o from_o anarchy_n proceed_v any_o form_n that_o the_o calamity_n of_o they_o that_o live_v therein_o do_v prompt_v they_o to_o whether_o it_o be_v that_o they_o choose_v a_o hereditary_a king_n or_o a_o elective_a king_n for_o life_n or_o that_o they_o agree_v upon_o a_o council_n of_o certain_a person_n which_o be_v aristocracy_n or_o a_o council_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n to_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v democracy_n after_o the_o first_o manner_n which_o be_v by_o war_n grow_v up_o all_o the_o great_a kingdom_n in_o the_o world_n viz._n the_o egyptian_a assyrian_a persian_a and_o the_o macedonian_a monarchy_n and_o so_o do_v the_o great_a kingdom_n of_o england_n france_n and_o spain_n the_o second_o manner_n be_v the_o original_n of_o the_o venetian_a aristocracy_n by_o the_o three_o way_n which_o be_v rebellion_n grow_v up_o in_o divers_a great_a monarchy_n perpetual_o change_v from_o one_o form_n to_o another_o as_o in_o rome_n rebellion_n against_o king_n produce_v democracy_n upon_o which_o the_o senate_n usurp_v under_o sylla_n and_o the_o people_n again_o upon_o the_o senate_n under_o marius_n and_o the_o emperor_n usurp_v upon_o the_o people_n under_o caesar_n and_o his_o successor_n la._n do_v you_o think_v the_o distinction_n between_o natural_a and_o politic_a capacity_n be_v insignificant_a ph._n no_o if_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v in_o a_o assembly_n of_o man_n that_o assembly_n whether_o it_o be_v aristocratical_a or_o democratical_a may_v possess_v land_n but_o it_o be_v in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n because_o no_o natural_a man_n have_v any_o right_n to_o those_o land_n or_o any_o part_n of_o they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n they_o can_v command_v a_o act_n by_o plurality_n of_o command_n but_o the_o command_n of_o any_o one_o of_o they_o be_v of_o no_o effect_n but_o when_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v in_o one_o man_n the_o natural_a and_o politic_a capacity_n be_v in_o the_o same_o person_n and_o as_o to_o possession_n of_o land_n undistinguishable_a but_o as_o to_o the_o act_n and_o command_n they_o may_v be_v well_o distinguish_v in_o this_o manner_n whatsoever_o a_o monarch_n do_v command_v or_o do_v by_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n of_o his_o kingdom_n may_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v in_o his_o politic_a capacity_n and_o whatsoever_o he_o command_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n only_o or_o by_o letter_n sign_v with_o his_o hand_n or_o seal_v with_o any_o of_o his_o private_a seal_n be_v do_v in_o his_o natural_a capacity_n nevertheless_o his_o public_a command_n though_o they_o be_v make_v in_o his_o politic_a capacity_n have_v their_o original_n from_o his_o natural_a capacity_n for_o in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n which_o necessary_o require_v his_o assent_n his_o assent_n be_v natural_a also_o those_o act_n which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n previous_o to_o the_o pass_v of_o they_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n either_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n or_o warrant_v under_o his_o signet_n or_o privy_a seal_n be_v do_v in_o his_o natural_a capacity_n but_o when_o they_o have_v pass_v the_o seal_n of_o england_n they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v as_o do_v in_o his_o politic_a capacity_n la._n i_o think_v very_o your_o distinction_n be_v good_a for_o natural_a capacity_n and_o politic_a capacity_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o private_a and_o public_a right_n therefore_o leave_v this_o argument_n let_v we_o consider_v in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o far_o as_o history_n will_v permit_v what_o be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o ancestor_n ph._n the_o saxon_n as_o also_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o germany_n not_o conquer_a by_o the_o roman_a emperor_n nor_o compel_v to_o use_v the_o imperial_a law_n be_v a_o savage_a and_o heathen_a people_n live_v only_o by_o war_n and_o rapine_n and_o as_o some_o learned_a man_n in_o the_o roman_a antiquity_n affirm_v have_v their_o name_n of_o german_n from_o that_o their_o ancient_a trade_n of_o life_n as_o if_o germane_a and_o hommes_fw-fr de_fw-fr guerre_fw-fr were_z all_o one_o their_o rule_n over_o their_o family_n servant_n and_o subject_n be_v absolute_a their_o law_n no_o other_o than_o natural_a equity_n write_v law_n they_o have_v little_a or_o none_o and_o very_o few_o there_o be_v in_o the_o time_n