Right Honourable Truly Noble Potent Lord c. He may have a Traverse in his House except in his Superiour's presence his Wife may have her Train born up by a Woman out of her Superiours presence in their presence by a Man. CHAP. VIII Of Barons or Lords which are Spiritual and Temporal THe next and lowest Degree of Nobility is that of a Baron which is twofold Lords Spiritual and Temporal but first of the Lords Spiritual or Bishops § 1. By Lords Spiritual are meant only the Suffragan Bishops for the Archbishops are accounted of the prime Nobility of the Kingdom of which we have two viz. of Canterbury and York 1. The Archbishop of Canterbury had formerly great Honour so that no Legate or Nuntio from Rome could exercise any Legantine Power without the King 's special License else he was accountable to the Archbishop of Canterbury In General Councils he had place before all Archbishops at the Pope's right Foot and at home was reputed the second Person in the Kingdom or first Peer of the Realm having Precedency of all Dukes not of the Royal Bloud and of all the great Officers of State. He hath Power to summon the Archbishop of York and the Bishops of his Province to a National Synod He is styled even by the King by the Grace of God and writes himself by Divine Providence as doth the Archbishop of York whereas other Bishops write by Divine Permission He hath the Title of Grace given him as Dukes have and of most Reverend Father in God and Metropolitan of all England The Coronation of the King hath anciently belonged to him it being resolved that wheresoever the Court was the King and Queen were the proper and Domestical Parishioners of the Archbishop of Canterbury The Bishop of London is accounted his Provincial the Bishop of Winchester his Chancellour and the Bishop of Rochester his Chaplain He hath under his Jurisdiction twenty one Suffragan Bishops seventeen in England and four in Wales His Clergies Tenths are 65.1 l. 18 s. 2¼ d. his Archbishoprick is valued in the King's Book at 2816 l. 17 s. 9¼ d. He may qualifie and retain eight Chaplains which is two more than a Duke may 2. The Archbishop of York pretended anciently to have all the Bishops of Scotland under his Inspection and that they should receive their Consecration from him and swear Canonical Obedience to his See he is allowed to write himself Metropolitan of England but not of All England as Canterbury doth but at length the Bishops of Scotland would not acknowlege any such Power to him and disowned all Obedience to him and had Archbishops of their own Anno 1466. leaving him in England but four Bishops His Bishoprick is now valued at 1609 l. 19 s. 2 d. And the Tenths of the Clergy to 1113 l. 17 s. 9 d. 10 b. 1. qu. he hath Precedency before all Dukes not of the Royal Bloud and before all great Officers of State except the Lord Chancellour or Lord Keeper He hath the Title of Grace and most Reverend Father in God and he writeth by Divine Providence He hath the Honour to crown the Queen and to be her perpetual Chaplain and hath great Privileges only Durham hath a peculiar Jurisdiction exempt from the See of York Having made this Digression we come next to speak of the Suffragan Bishops who though they have some peculiar Precedencies amongst themselves yet in general they are esteemed as Barons and from thence have the names of Lords Spiritual In their own Courts they have power to judge and pass Sentence alone and therefore they send forth their Writs in their own name and not in the King 's In whatever Princes Dominions they are their Episcopal Dignity and Degree is owned In Parliament they Vote in all things except in matter of Life and Limb. They have the Title of Lord are styled Right Reverend Fathers in God and write by Divine Permission They may qualifie 6 Chaplains which are as many as a Duke and are Barons and Peers of the Realm And as Spiritual Barons precede all under the Degree of a Viscount and are placed on the King 's Right Hand in Parliament All Church-men are prohibited the wearing of Swords and a Priest the Order of Knighthood § 2. Of Barons Temporal We may observe that the word Baron is variously derived some from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 some from Baro which is the same with Vir in Latine and with Varon in the Spanish so that Baron signifies a notable or principal man thus anciently the Burgesses of London were called Barons as those of the Cinque-Ports now are but leaving the Name to speak of the Person a Baron the Archbishops excepted is a Dignity next to a Viscount and though according to Cambden they are not by our Common Laws allowed to be of the Degree of Nobility yet this of a Baron may be by Tenure for the Title of Baron by Patent which is under the Broad-Seal of England is Status Gradus Dignitas and being by the King 's Writ summoned as Members of the higher House of Parliament they are thereby made Nobles and Peers of the Realm As they are Barons without any other Distinction they wear a Coronet by the Ordinance of King Charles the 2d having six Balls or Pearls set close to the Border at equal distance and have their peculiar Parliament Robes which have two doublings of white Furr Thus far of Noble Men. CHAP. IX Of Noble Women and first of the Queen THere are three sorts of Queens 1. A Queen-Sovereign to whom the Crown descends by Birth-right and is equal in Power to a King if she marry she is Sovereign to her Husband and he her Subject in England though he be an Emperour 2. The Queen-Consort She hath very great Privileges and the Laws set so high a value on her as to make it High Treason to conspire her Death or violate her Chastity her Robes are the same with a Sovereign Queen She sits in State by the King keeps her Court and hath the same General Officers as the King hath though she be an Alien she needs no Act of Parliament to natralize her the Crown taking away that defect She hath the same Honour performed to her that the King hath as well from Foreigners as Subjects 3. The Queen-Dowager She hath the same Honour done to her also and takes place next the Queen-Consort nor doth she lose her Title of Queen though she marry a private Gentleman as Queen Katharine Widow to Henry the 5th who though she married Owen Tudor Esq yet she maintained her Action at Law as Queen of England So in King Edward the 6th's Time Sir Thomas Seymer Lord high Admiral having married the Queen Dowager to Henry the 8th she denied Precedency to her Sister in Law the Lord Protectour's Wife as belonging to her as Queen which was aggravated so high that it proved the untimely Deaths of those two famous Men. The King's
the French Ambassadour made his publick entrance into Dublin and had his Audience of K. James II. at the Castle The Irish beat by a Sally made by the Protestants out of Colerain Charles Viscount Mordant since Earl of Monmouth Henry Lord de la Mere Sidney Lord Godolphin Sir Hen. Capell Rich. Hambden Sen. Esq made Commissioners of the Treasury Jonathan Lord Bishop of Bristol elected Bishop of Exeter K. William passed the Act for the Coronation Oath and 2 Acts more Dyed at Rome Queen Christiana of Sweedland Prince George of Denmark made Baron of Ockingham Earl of Kendale and Duke of Cumberland The Marquess of Winchester made Duke of Bolton William Bentinek Esq made Baron of Cyrencester Viscount Woodstock and Earl of Portland Viscount Faulconberg made Earl of Faulconberg Viscount Mordant made Earl of Monmouth Lord Mountague made Viscount Mounthermer and Earl of Mountague Lord Churchill made Earl of Marlborough Henry Sidney Esq made Baron Milton Viscount Sidney of Sheppy in Kent Lord Lumley made Viscount Lumley of Lumley-Castle in Durham Lord Cholmondly made Baron of Cholmondly of Wich Malbanch alias Nantwich in Cheshire Tho. Pilkington Esq Lord Mayor of London Knighted Sir Geo. Hewit made Baron of James-Town and Viscount Goran in Ireland K. William and Q. Mary crowned at Westminster by the Bishop of London and the day kept with great Ceremony in most of the chief Towns in England The House of Commons walked on foot from Westminster to White-hall to congratulate their Majesties on their Coronations Admiral Herbert arrived at Kingsale in Ireland George Jeffereys Baron of Wemm and late Lord Chancellour of England dyed in the Tower of London and was buried in the Tower privately the Sunday night following by an Order his Relations got from K. William The Sieur de Schmittan Envoy extraordinary from the Duke of Brandenburgh had Audience of the King and Queen at hampton-Hampton-Court George Booth Esq Sir Richard Temple Sir John Worden Sir Robert Southwell Sir Robert Clayton Sir Patience Ward made Commissioners of the Customs The Lords Address to K. William to sapport the Church of England and to call a Convocation Sir Henry Fane Sir Hen. Ashurst Sir Hum. Edwin Tho. Frankland Esq Fran. Parry Esq John Danvers Esq and John Wilcox Jun. Esq made Commissioners for the Excise The Earl of Danby made Marquess of Caermarthen K. William passed six Acts of Parliament An Address of the House of Commons to K. William for a War with France and the King's Answer to it The Baron de Schutz Envoy extraordinary from the Dukes of Lunenburgh c. had Audience of their Majesties at Hampton-Court Two Proclamations came out 1. To incourage French Protestants 2. For prohibiting French Goods The Estates of Scotland named the Earl of Argyle Sir James Montgomery and Sir John Dalrimple to go Commissiones for England to offer the Crown of Scotland to K. William and Q. Mary which was done accordingly on the 11th of May in great solemnity in the Banqueting House at Whitehall to which place the Commissioners came by Post Arrived at Portsmouth the Wolf from Virginia having on Board the Lord Howard of Effingham Governour of Virginia K. William put out two Proclamations for prohibiting Seamen to serve foreign Princes c. May K. William passed at Westminster the Poll Act and two more A Fight betwixt Admiral Herbert and the French at Bantry Bay in the N.W. of Ireland The Estates of Scotland adjourned to the 21st instant A Call of Serjeants viz. Sir Hen. Pollexfen Nich. Lechmore Tho. Rookesby John Thurburn Will. Wogan Will. Pawlet Nath. Bond Gyles Eyres Hen. Hatsell John Blencow Peyton Ventris John Powell Roger Bellwood John Tremain John Trenchard and John Turton Esqs The same day the Judges were constituted viz. Sir John Holt Ch. Just Sir W. Dolben Sir W. Gregory and Gyles Eyres Esq of the King's-Bench Sir Henry Pollexfen Ch. Just Sir John Powell Tho Rookesby and Peâ—ton Ventris Esqs of the Common Pleas Sir Robert Atkinson Ch. Baron Sir Ed. Nevile Nich. Lechmore and John Turton Esqs of the Exchequer John Trenchard Esq Ch. Just of Chester Sir Geo. Treby Attorney General John Summers Esq Sollicitor General The Plate Fleet arrived in the Downs richly laden A Declaration of War against France came out A Proclamation against a Libell called The History of the Convention offering 100 l. reward to discover Author or Printer The Thanksgiving-day was kept in Scotland for their Deliverance from Popery and Slavery K. William gave his Royal Assent to five Acts at Westminster A Proclamation for appointing Commissioners for the Poll Act and another to prevent false Musters K. William came to Portsmouth and on board the Elizabeth Frigot dined with Admiral Herbert where he declared his Royal intention to make Admiral Herbert an Earl and there Knighted Capt. John Ashby and Capt. Clowdes Shovell and the King returned that Evening to Hampton-Court after giving 2600 l. amongst the wounded c. Seamen A great Sally by the Protestants at Londonderry with success George Lord Melvill made sole Secretary of State in Scotland Frederick Count de Schomberg made General of all his Majesty's Forces Master General of the Ordinance and of his Majesty's Privy Council Baron of Teys Earl of Brantford marquess of Harwich and Duke of Schomberg About 120 Seamen came Voluntiers from Norwich to serve his Majesty and about 150 more went by Land to Portsmouth on the same account Robert Casor Master of the Advice a Cole Ship beat two French Prizes Sir Robert Wright late Lord Chief Justice dyed in Newgate The Assistence Frigot came into Plymouth with the Body of the late Duke of Albemarle K. William's Declaration with an Order of Council for encouraging Seamen K. William's Proclamation for a Fast to be kept about London on the fifth of June on the 19th all England over K. William gave his Royal Assent to the Act for Toleration of Dissenters and two Acts more The Estates of Scotland read K. William's Letter to make them a Convention which they acccepted with thanks and adjourned to June 5. and ordered all their Members to meet then The Heer 's Engelenburg Witsen Odyck Citters and Dyckvelt Ambassadours extraordinary from Holland made their publick Entrance and on the 30th had their publick Audience at the Banquetting House at Whitehall K. William gave his Royal Assent to two Acts of Parliament Vice-Admiral Almonde arrived at Portsmouth with part of the Dutch Fleet. The Scanderoon Fleet came to Plymouth The Dutchess of Albemarle arrived at Plymouth from Jamaica The Duke of Somerset was installed Chancellour of Cambridge at Northumberland House in the Strand Major General Kirke set Sail from High-lake nigh Leverpole with his Forces for London-Derry June Admiral Herbert created Earl of Torrington and Baron Herbert of Torbay The Assistant Frigat with fourteen Merchant men from the West-Indies came into the Downs John Ashburnham Esq Created Baron Ashburnham of Ashburn-Hall in Sussex The Dutch Ambassadours had Audience The Dutch Fleet of Thirty
Britain's Glory AND ENGLAND'S BRAVERY Wherein is shewed The Degrees of Honour from the Prince to the Peasant with the Honour of the Nobles and Previleges of the Commons the proper Places and Precedency of all Persons from the Throne to the Bondman more particularly in Coronations Processions Feasts Funerals and other great Assembly As also Honour of Arms Power of Heralds Signification of Charges in Coat-Armour with an Armorial Dictionary explaining the Terms of Heraldry And an account of all the Orders of Knighthood in Christendom and of the Weights and Measures of England To Which is added A Continuation of the Historian's Guide from November 1687. where the Third and Last Impression ends to June 1689. Being the Collections and Observations of Benjamine Smithurst LONDON Printed for William Crook at the Green-Dragon without Temple-Bar near Devereux-Court 1689. A TABLE TO Britain's Glory c. CHAP. I. OF the Distinction of Titles page 1 The Name of Gentleman in general Of the King. Nobles Commons CHAP. II. Of the King's Most Excellent Majesty 4 Coronation Anointing Sceptre Globe Ring Bracelet Sword. Robes Diadem and the Stones Crown Offering days Collar days CHAP. III. Of the Prince pag. 9 Of the King's Child en CHAP. IV. Of Dukes 10 CHAP. V. Of Marquesses 13 CHAP. VI. Of Earls 14 CHAP. VII Of Viscounts 15 CHAP. VIII Of Barons Spiritual and Temporal 16 CHAP. IX Of Noblewomen 20 Queen-Sovereign Queen-Consort Queen-Dowager Princesses Dames Gentlewomen Alien women CHAP. X. Of Injuries to Noblemen 23 CHAP. XI Knight of the Garter 24 The Names of the Knights 1685. The Names of the Knights 1689. CHAP. XII Knights Bannerets 29 CHAP. XIII Knights Baronets 31 CHAP. XIV Knights of the Bath 33 CHAP. XV. Knights Bachelours 37 Degrading of Knights CHAP. XVI Knights of the Round Table 41 Other Orders of Knighthood viz. Knights of St. Andrew or the Thistle in Scotland 42 Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem 44 Hospitallers ib. Templers 45 St. Lazarus in Jerusalem 46 St. Bass or St. Bassil 47 St. Katharine at Mount Sinai ib. The Martyrs of Palestine ib. Oak in Navarre 48 Lilly of Navarre ib. Band in Spain 49 Dove in Castile ib. Fish Scale in Castile ib. Lilly in Aragon 50 Mountjoy ib. Acon or Acress ib. St. James in Galiciâ— 51 St. Saviours in Aragon ib. St. Julian or of Alcantara 52 Callatrava in Castile ib. Tuxillo or Trugillo ib. Our Lady and St. George ib. St. Mary de Merced in Aragon 53 Rosary in Toledo ib. Golden Fleece 54 D'Avis ib. St. Michael's Wing 55 St. James 55 Knights of Christ 56 Jesus Christ in France ib. Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel 57 St. Michael ib. Holy Ghost 58 The Gennet 59 Crown Royal. ib. Lady of the Star. 60 Thistle of Bourbonne ib. The Porcupine 61 Cressants of Anjou ib. Ermin in Bretaigne ib. St. Mary the Glorious of Italy 62 Holy Ghost at Rome ib. Angelick of St. George 63 St. Peter at Rome ib. St. George at Rome 64 Pius at Rome ib. Loretto at Rome ib. Glorious Virgin Mary at Rome ib. Jesus now at Rome 65 De la Calza in Venice ib. St. Mark in Venice 66 St. George at Genoa ib. Pretious Bloud of our Saviour Jesus Christ at Mantua 67 St. Stephen of Florence ib. Knot in Naples 68 Argonaute of Naples ib. Ermin in Naples ib. Annunciation in Savoy 69 Knights of St. Maurice 70 St. Maurice and St. Lazarus 71 Bear in Switzerland ib. Tutonick Order of Prusia 72 Gereon in Germany 73 St. George in Austria ib. St. Michael the Archangel ib. St. Anthony in Haynault 74 Tusin Order in Bohemia ib. St. Hubert in Gulick 75 St. James in Holland ib. St. Brice ib. The Seraphim 76 Aramanta ib. Elephant in Denmark ib. Of Christ or Sword in Livonia 77 White Eagle in Poland ib. Dragon in Hungary ib. Sword in Cyprus 78 St. Anthony in Aethiopia ib. Burgundian Cross in Tunis 79 Broom-Flower in France ib. Ship in France 80 CHAP. XVII Esquires ib. CHAP. XVIII Gentlemen 82 By Ecclesiastical Preferment 86 By Military Profession ib. In the Civil State 87 CHAP. XIX Yeomen 90 CHAP. XX. Artificers and Labourers 92 CHAP. XXI Precedency 93 CHAP. XXII Procession at a Coronation 98 CHAP. XXIII Proceeding on the Coronation day 102 CHAP. XXIV King 's going to Parliament in State 105 CHAP. XXV Coronation-Feasts 107 CHAP. XXVI Royal Feast at other times the K. present 111 CHAP. XXVII Funerals 112 CHAP. XXVIII Proceeding of the Funeral of a Gentleman Esquire Knight or Baronet 114 CHAP. XXIX Precedency of a Nobleman's Funeral from a Duke to a Baronet 115 CHAP. XXX Heralds and their Duty 116 CHAP. XXXI Heraldry 121 CHAP. XXII Ordinaries 126 Charges Common 132 CHAP. XXXIII Abatements 152 CHAP. XXXIV Points in an Escoucheon 156 Terms of Art explained 157 Weights and Measures 169 Brittain's Glory WHEREIN Is shewed the Degrees of Honour from the Prince to the Peasant the Honour of the Nobles and the Privileges of the Commons c. CHAP. I. Of the Distinction of Titles THe Name Gentleman is of such account that it is given as a proper Title to all persons from the King to the lowest Degree of those that bear Coat-Armour and also to many who though they can claim no Right to the Bearing of Coat Armour yet claim a Right to the Title of Gentleman by virtue of the Place or Office which they hold But as in the Body Natural the Members are disposed to several Offices for the preservation of the whole so in the Body Politick a Distinction of persons is accounted necessary for the preservation of the whole and such is the Policy of this Realm especially that for the better Government thereof they have made a threefold Division of persons viz. Sovereign Nobles and Commons 1. The King is our Sovereign Monarch under which name a Sovereign Queen is comprehended 2. Under the Name of Nobles are comprehended the Prince Dukes Marquesses Earls Viscounts and Barons called Lords Spiritual and Temporal 3. By the Commons are understood the Knights of the Garter if no otherwise dignified Knights Bannerets Baronets Knights of the Bath Knights Bachelours Esquires and Gentlemen together with Yeomen Artificers and Labourers And though our Law doth not call any man Noble under the Degree of a Baron yet many there be which make a Distinction between Nobiles Majores which is from the Prince to the Baron and Nobiles Minores which includes all from under a Baron to the Gentleman and leaves the rest to be called Commons When we say the Nobles of the Land the King is not comprehended by the Common Law he being the Fountain of all Nobility but is by the Civil Law. The Nobility are known by the name of the Peers of the Realm or Barons of England for anciently the Dukes Marquesses Earls and Viscounts did sit together in the King 's great Counsel of Parliament as Barons by which is understood the whole Body of the Nobility and though there be different Robes worn at their Creation yet in
Parliament the greatest of the Nobility wear the same Robes with Barons only the Dukes Marquesses c. wear more or less Furrs upon their Shoulders with some difference in the Furr that is set as Fringes or Edgings on their Robes and take place according to their Dignity of which more particularly anon Besides it is observable that in Cases criminal all Degrees of Nobility are tryed by Barons as well as those of their own Dignity or Degree as their Peers and Barons are tryed by Nobles of a higher Degree as well as those of their own as in all such Cases is well known It may be here noted That no English man receiving any Title of Honour from a foreign Prince can use the same in England But if he have no other Title from the King must in all judicial proceedings be named by his name of Baptism and Sirname excepting only the Honour of Knight-hood which is to be born in all places And this is the same in Scotland or Ireland as well as in other Lands CHAP. II. Of the King's Most Excellent Majesty THe Title used by the Kings of England as those of France and Spain and some few others is Dei Gratiâ which is to be understood simply as having his Authority from none but God he is styled Deffender of the Faith which was antiently used by the Kings of England but Anno. 1521. confirmed to them by a Bull from Pope Leo the 10th in King Henry the 8th's time and by Act of Parliament made Supreme Head of the Church of England and he as all other Kings writes in the plural Number The Ceremonies at our King's Coronation are more than are used in many other Countreys as the Annointing with Oil which is said by some to be of a thousand years standing and hath a Priest's Garment called a Dalmatica or Colobium put on him to shew he is both King and Priest He hath an Emperial Crown set upon his Head at his Coronation by the Archbishop of Canterbury which is a peculiar Prerogative belonging to that See. The King hath also many other emblematical Ensigns and Ceremonies at his Coronation which hath these following proper Significations 1. At his Coronation first he hath the Priest's Garment or Dalmatica put upon him to shew his Power in the Church 2. He is annointed with Oil to shew his Person is Sacred on the Head to shew Glory on the Breast to signifie Sanctity on the Arms to emblemize Power His Ensigns of Regality are these 1. In his Right-hand is a Sceptre to shew Justice 2. In his Left-hand a Globe with a Cross on it called a Mound used ever since Edward the Confessour signifying that the Faith of Christ is to be owned throughout his Empire 3. A Ring is put on his Finger whereby he is wedded to his People and denotes Faithfulness 4. He hath a Bracelet put on his Hand the Emblem of good Works 5. A Sword is born before him to signifie Vengeance 6. He hath purple Robes to attract Reverence 7. On his Head he weareth a Diadem Triumphant to blazon his Glory in which Diadem some take notice of twelve precious Stones and shew their Significations as followeth 1. Say they the first is a Tophaz whose Rays seem to partake of the Colours of most sorts of precious Stones by which the King is warned to exercise all Vertues 2. A Smaragd or Emrauld of a pure green and shews that Justice is an ornament for a King. 3. A Sardick whose Colour is like red Clay it is in the top of the Crown whereby the King is put in mind that though he be the highest yet he is but Clay 4. A Crysolite which shineth like Gold sending forth as it were flames this exhorteth the King to shew Wisdom and Prudence in his Actions 5. A Chalcedon which is strong and hard by Nature and sheweth that the King should be of Fortitude and courage of Mind 6. An Hyacinth which shews like Water when the Sun shineth upon it it teacheth Temperance c. 7. A Jasper of a dark Grass-green and teacheth the King to provide more for his Peoples Sustenance than his own 8. A Chrysoprasus whose Colour is like Gold somewhat mixed with green thereby advising the King to Wisdom and to aspire to heavenly things 9. A Berill of a pale Green shewing that a Prince ought to have heavenly Contemplation and to abhor Epicurism 10. A Sapphir of a light Blew it instructeth the King to Continency and Chastity 11. There is an Amethyst of a purple or Violet Colour advising the King to a faithfull Discharge of his Royal Function and so give a good Example to his People 12. The Last is a Sardonyx which is black at bottom red in the midst and white above and sheweth a King ought to be Charitable Humble and Sincere The Imperial Crown hath not been long in use with us for formerly the King wore a Coronet composed of Spires or points untill Henry the 3d. who first wore the Imperial Diadem There are twelve Days which are called the twelve Houshold or Offering Days on which the Nobles attending at Court and Knights of the Garter wear their Robes and the Besant is given to the Lord Steward the Days are as followeth On these four Days the King offers Gold which is given by one of the White-staff Officers viz. 1 Christmas Day 2 Easter Day 3 Whitsunday 4 All Saints Day These two Days the King offers Gold Myrrh and Frankincense 1 New Years Day 2 Epiphany On the Six Days following the King offers only Gold 1 The Purification 2 The Anunciation 3 The Ascention-Day 4 Trinity Sunday 5 Midsummer-Day 6 Michaelmas-Day The King's Collar Days without offering are the Sundays and Hollydays in the twelve Days of Christmas all the Apostles and Evangelists Days the Coronation Day the King's Birth Day the 5th of November St. George's Day Monday and Tuesday in Easter Week Monday and Tuesday in Whitsun Week CHAP. III. Of the Prince THe King 's Eldest Son and Heir Apparent from the Day of his Birth is entituled Prince of Wales and since the happy Union of the Kingdoms his Title hath been Magnae Britanniae Princeps but he is usually called by the former Title of Prince of Wales He is as the King 's eldest Son by his Birth Duke of Cornwall and Earl of Chester and as Eldest Son to the King of Scotland he is Earl of Rothsay and Senchall of Scotland from his Birth but he is created Prince of Wales At his Creation he is presented before the King in Princely Robes who putteth a Coronet of Gold upon his Head a Ring on his middle Finger a Verge of Gold into one Hand and his Letters Patents after they are read into the other Hand His Mantle which he wears in Parliament is doubled with five Doublings upon his Shoulder and his Cap of State is indented at Bottom His Coronet formerly was composed of Crosses and and Flower-de-luces mixed but since
the happy Restauration it was solemnly ordered that the Son and Heir Apparent to the Crown of England should bear his Coronet of Crosses and Flower-de-luces with one Arch a Ball and Cross thereon as the King 's By Order of Common Law the King might levy a reasonable Aid of his Subjects for the Knighting his Eldest Son at the Age of fifteen years and to marry his Daughter at seven years which Aid was twenty Shillings for every Knight's Fee and as much for every twenty pounds per Annum in Soccage but this is now laid aside CHAP IV. Of Dukes THe Title and Degree of Duke hath been of more ancient standing in the Empire and some other Nations than in England for the first English Duke was Edward the Black Prince who was created Duke of Cornwall Anno. 1337. by which Creation the eldest Son of the King is Duke of Cornwall from his Birth or his Father's coming to the Crown A Duke takes his Name à Ducendo from Leading being at first a Leader of the Royal Army but now it is a Title given by Kings to Persons of high Bloud and excellent Merit and at this day the Sovereign Princes of some Countries are called Dukes as of Moscovoy Savoy Florence Saxony c. At their Creation they have two Ensigns of Honour and so have most other Noble men to signifie their Duty First their Heads are adorned with a Chapeau or Head Attire of Scarlet Colour doubled or lined with Ermin And Secondly a Sword which is girt about him which shews his readiness to serve and defend his Prince his Mantle over his shoulders is guarded with four guards or Folds of Ermin his Coronet is of Gold set round with Leaves the Cap is of Crimson but not indented as the Prince's is unless he be of the Bloud Royal and his Verge is of Gold Dukes of the Bloud Royal have their Coronet's composed of Crosses and Flower de-luces and are reputed as Arch-Dukes A Duke tantum or no more but Duke takes place before Marquess and Earl but if a Duke be Marquess and Earl or either of them then he shall take place before such Duke tantum Note Dukes Marquesses and Earls at their Creation are girt with a Sword or else it is put over their Shoulders which Viscounts and Barons have not A Duke out of the King 's or Prince's presence may have a Cloth of State hanging down within half a yard of the Ground his Duchess may have the same and her Train born up by a Baroness No Earl without Permission ought to wash with a Duke Dukes Eldest Sons by the Courtesie of England are from their Birth styled Marquesses and the younger Sons Lords and and take place of Viscounts but not so privileg'd by the Laws of the Land. A Duke hath the Title of Grace being written unto he is styled Most High Most Noble and Potent Prince also Right Noble Dukes of the Bloud are styled Most High Most Mighty and Illustrious Princes The Ceremonies at his Creation are these He hath his Sur-coat and Hood and is led between two of the Noblest Persons present not being above him a little before him on the Right-hand goeth an Earl with the Cap of State and Coronet on it on the other side an Earl with the Verge Just before him one of the greatest Estate as Marquess c. bearing his Sword and before him an Earl bearing his Mantle and Robe of State all which Nobles must be in their Robes His Title is proclaimed twice and Largus thrice His Honour is Hereditary as is all the Nobles unless otherwise Provided in their Patent which is rare Lastly a Duke may constitute six Chaplains CHAP. V. Of a Marquess A Marquess by the Saxons called Marken Reeve i. e. a Governor or Ruler of the Marches hath the next place of Honour to a Duke This Title came in first by Richard the 2d who created Robert Vere Marquess of Dublin whereas before they that governed the Marches were entituled Earl of March which Marches were those Grounds between England and Wales and are now reduced into the Counties and Shires of Monmouth Brecknock Radnor Denbigh and Mountgomery At his Creation he is honoured with a Coronet of Gold composed of a Strawberry Leaf and a Point pearled of equal hight round his Mantle hath three folds or doublings and a half his Eldest Son is by Courtesie called Earl or Lord of his Father's Title his younger only Lord John Thomas or the like His Title is Most Noble Most Honourable and Potent Prince If the King Prince or a Duke be absent he may have a Cloath of State to reach within a yard of the Ground his Marchioness may have her Train born up by a Knight's Lady in her own house but not in the presence of a Duchess his eldest Son shall wear as many powderings as an Earl but must give place to an Earl and his Wife to a Countess but may sit above all Marquess Daughters the Eldest whereof is born Countess and the rest Ladies At his Creation he must have his Surcoat and Hood He is led by Marquesses his Sword Cap c. are born by Earls CHAP VI. Of an Earl. THE Dignity of an Earl is either local or personal local as from some place as Oxford c. or personal as Earl Marshal Earl Rivers c. Hugh Lupus was the first Hereditary Earl Anno 1067. made so by William the First who created him Earl of Chester and gave him Jura Regalia within the said County An Earl is created by Letters Patents and adorned with a Cap of Honour and a Coronet of Gold composed of Leaves and Points pearled the Leaves lower than the Points He hath his Hood Surcoat and Mantle of State with three Guards of Furr being Ermin upon his Shoulders though some say it ought to be white he is girt with a Sword also When the King writes to a Duke Marquess or Earl he styles them Cosins though of no Kin. Formerly they had the Title of Prince but now it is Most Potent and Noble Lord Right Honourable Truly Noble c. Out of his Superiour's presence he may have a Cloth of State fringed but without Pendents his Wife may have her Train born by an Esquire's Wife but not in the presence of a Marchioness CHAP. VII Of a Viscount THe next Degree of Honour is a Viscount formerly a name of Office under an Earl who being the immediate Officer of the King in the County and his personal Attendence at Court often required he had his Deputy to look after the Affairs of the County which Office is now called Vice-comes or Sheriff but in the 18th of Henry VI. it became a Degree of Honour conferred upon John Beaumont by Letters Patents as all since are He hath his Surcoat and Mantle which hath two Guards and an half of white Fur His Coronet is set round with Pearls or Balls close to the Ring without number but close together He hath the Title of
upon St. George's Day and when it shall please the Sovereign to celebrate the Ceremonies of the Installment at their Feast and on the King 's Offering days if in Court and have no other Title of Honour To each Knight belongs a Collar of the Order made of pure Gold weighing 30 Ounces Troy composed of Garters and Roses enemalled Red and White since Henry 7th and since the Union of the Kingdoms mixed with Thistles which Collar hath the Image of St. George set with precious Stones appendent and worn over all their Robes at St. George's Feast and over their Cloaks or Coats on the King 's Offering days they take place according to the Seniority of their Installment and if they have no other Titles which is very rare they succeed Barons Their Officers are a Prelate which is allways the Bishop of Winchester a Chancellor a Register a King at Arms and an Usher called the Black Rod which was added by Henry 8th CHAP XII Of Knights Bannerets THese are called by some Equites Vexillarii or Cheviliers a Banier and is a most ancient Order being instituted by King Edward the first and always conferred upon the most deserving men for their signal Valour who in process of time as some say obtained the Names of Barons and were admitted into the Peerage and their Heirs enjoyed their Titles But certain it is they always retained some Ensigns of Honour equal to the Nobility being allowed to bear Arms with Supporters which none under the Degree of a Baron are to doe They take place before the younger Sons of Viscounts and Baronets and are of such esteem that divers Esquires and Knights Bachelors have served under them This Order in France was Hereditary but with us it is only for Life to the meritorious Person yet esteemed as a Glory and Honour to the Family The Ceremonies of their Creation is most Noble the King or his General if the King be not present after a Victory obtained doth at the Head of the Army drawn up in Battalia under his Royal Standard attended with all his Nobles and Field Officers receive the Person to be Knighted led between two renowned Knights or men at Arms having his Pennion of Arms in his Hand and before him the Hearalds who proclaim his valiant Atchievement for which he is counted worthy to be made a Knight Banneret and to display his Banner in the Field Then the King saith unto him advances toy Banneret and then he causeth the point of his Pennion to be rent off Then the new Knight having the Trumpets sounding the Nobles and Officers accompanying him he is attended to his Tent where they are nobly treated A Banneret thus made may bear his Banner displayed in the Royal Army and set his Arms thereon with Supporters as Nobles doe The last of this Order was Sir John Smith so made after Edg-hill-Fight for his valiant rescuing the King's Standard from the Rebels CHAP. XIII Of Baronets THis is the lowest Degree of Hereditary Honour and in that case succeeds Barons It was Instituted anno 1611. in the 9th of King James the First They are created by Letters Patents under the Great Seal of England to him and to his Heirs Males yet sometimes it may be otherwise entailed but this is rare and must be inserted in the Patent The Intention of this Order was for the propagating a Plantation in the Province of Vlster in Ireland towards which they were to lend their Aid or maintain 30 Soldiers each for 3 Years in Ireland after the rate of 8d per Day They have Precedency of all Knights except those of the Garter Knights Bannerets and Knights being privy Counsellors In all Writs Commissions c. they are are styled Baronets and the Title of Sir added to their Names and of Lady to their Wives They take place according to the Priority of the Date of their Patents unless the King insert a Clause to the contrary which is very rare Those admitted are to be of good Reputation and whose Grand father at least by the Father's Side bore Arms and he must be of the yearly Estate of 1000 l. de claro They or their eldest Son may receive the Order of Knight-hood at the age of 21 Years and they shall bear on a Canton or on an Escoucheon which can be best placed on their Arms the Arms of Vlster Argent a Sinister Hand in Pale Couped at Wrist Gules In the Royal Army they have place in the Gross near the Royal Standard and are allowed some peculiar Solemnities for their Funerals CHAP XIV Of the Knights of the Bath THey are called Knights of the Bath from the manner of their Creation and also Knights of the Holy Trinity from the Medal which they wear which is three Crowns with an Inscription about it which was formerly Tria Numina juncta in Vno But at King James the First his Coronation the word Numina was left out and so it alluded to the three Kingdoms of England Scotland and Ireland which were then joyned in one They are usually made at the Coronation of a King or Queen and at the Creation of a Prince or Duke of the Royal Bloud as at the Creation of Henry Prince of Wales and Charles Duke of York These Knights saith Froysard as quoted by Bloom were first created in Anno. 1399. but Elias Ashmole Esq thinks them more ancient and that Henry IV. who was then King did not constitute but rather restore the ancient manner of making Knights and made it peculiar to the Knights of the Bath which hath continued so ever since They are assigned no Statues neither are they to wear their Robes but upon the time of Solemnity except a red Ribbon worn cross their left Shoulder as those of the Garter do a Blew with a Medal above mentioned and upon a Vacancy their number which is uncertain is not supplied They are created with many and Noble Ceremonies and have had Princes and the prime of the Nobility of their Order The principal Ceremonies are these The Person is first sent for by the King and at his coming to Court the King usually Knights him with the Sword of State where he is honourably received by the chief Officers and Nobles of the Court and hath two Esquires to wait upon him and convey him to the Chamber appointed and see him no more that day where he is entertained with Musick then a Bath is prepared by a Barber who is to trim him and then the King is informed that he is ready for the Bath then is he instructed by the most grave Knights in the Order and Fees of Chivalry the Musick all the while playing at the Door then they undress him and put him naked into the Bath at which time the Musick ceases and one of the grave Knights saith to him Be this an honourable Bath to thee From the Bath he is conveyed to his Bed which is plain without Curtains c. as soon as he is dry
of the Sword and Military Belt in Sweeden whose Collar was composed of Sword and Belt many there are also in India and in divers other places which because of their uncertainty are omitted CHAP. XVII Of Esquires KNighthood is a Dignity but Esquire is a name of Worship and in old time every Knight had two Esquires to attend him who bore his Armour and kept allways close to him They held certain Lands of him in Escuage as the Knight did of the King by Knight's Service but now Esquires are divided into five Ranks The first and principal are the eldest Sons of Viscounts and Lords The Second all other Noble-men's younger Sons with the eldest Sons of Baronets and Knights The Third are those that are Select Esquires of the King's Body The Fourth those to whom the King giveth the Title to or createth Esquires by putting a Silver Collar of S. S. about their Necks and in former times they had a pair of Silver Spurs put to their Heels thereby distinguishing them from Knights who had the guilt Spur and to the first born Sons of these only doth the Title descend they are now the Esquires that attend the Knights of the Bath The fifth and last be those that have any Superiour publick Office in the Kingdom as High Sheriff Justice of the Peace Collonels Lieutenant Collonels Majors c. or such as serve the King in any worshipfull Calling But such as are Esquires or Gentlemen by place only when they lose their Place they also lose their Title CHAP. XVIII Of Gentlemen THis Title is of such account as is aforesaid that it is a general Name even from the Sovereign to the meanest Person who either bears Coat-Armour or is imployed in some eminent Office in Church or State and many there be who having by Providence rose from a mean condition and obscure original to possess large Demeans have vain-gloriously usurped the Title of Gentleman to themselves and so imprudent I might have said impudent have some been that because their Sir-name have bordered upon the Sir-names of some Person of worth they have laid down their own paternal Names and assumed the Names of those Gentlemen so near to theirs and born their Coat-Armour and in time have pretended to be of the same Family Some derive the Name Gentleman as a Compound partly from the French word Gentile that is one born of honest Parents to which the Saxon Word Man is joyned and so make it Gentleman which may signifie a man well born and under that Name are all comprehended that are above Yeomen Merchants or Artificers the Ancient Saxons called them Edelmen or Noble Men. Which shews that Gentlemen take their beginning from something that they have done in War or Peace for which the King who is the Fountain of Honour doth think them worthy of such Honour which shall continue to their Posterity But sometimes it so happeneth that many Persons do claim the Title or Appellation of Gentleman either from the Places they hold or from some excellent Art or Science they profess as those that study the Laws of the Land or profess themselves Masters in the liberal Sciences And indeed if he can live without Manual labour and bear the Port and Charge of a Gentleman he shall not only be called so by others but think himself so indeed And any such that hath not a true Pretence to a Coat-Armour may have one assigned them by the Appointment of the Heralds whose Posterity may enjoy the Title of Gentile But to be more particular we shall find this Title to be ranked under nine Heads or Degrees 1. A Gentleman of Ancestry who is called a Gentleman of Bloud 2. A Gentleman of Bloud and not of Ancestry which is in the third Degree 3. A Gentleman of Coat-Armour and not of Bloud which is he that first beareth the King's Device given him by the Heralds If he have Issue to the third desscent such Issue is a Gentleman of Bloud but none under 4. A Gentleman of Armour not given him as when the King giveth a Lordship to a Yeoman and his Heirs for ever If the Family to whom the Lordship did belong be extinct the Person so admitted may bear the Coat-Armour of the said Lord being Approved of by the Heralds but if the Family be not extinct he cannot only he shall be accounted a Gentleman and may have a Coat appointed him by the Heralds 5. If a Christian Man in the Service of God and his Prince kills a Heathen Gentleman he shall bear his Coat-Armour except the said Heathen be a Knight Banneret and use the same Atchievement without any difference save only in the Word or Motto of the Infidel and his Issue in the fifth Degree shall be a Gentleman of Bloud but no Christian Man can bear another Christians Coat Yet if an English Man in the Field when the Banner royal is displayed do put to flight take Prisoner or by Fire or Force slay any Gentleman enemy to his Prince the English Man shall honour his own Coat in the sinister quarter with ded said Gentleman's Coat but in matters 〈◊〉 Combate the Victor may not challenge his Enemy's Coat though the Vanquished may lose his So by the Courtesie of England if a Man marry a Gentlewoman he may bear her Coat but his Children may not unless she be an Heiress and some doubt that also 6. If the King make a Yeoman a Knight he is called a Gentleman of Bloud 7. A Yeoman's Son advanced to Spiritual dignity is a Gentleman but not of Bloud unless he arrive to be a Doctor of the Law and then he shall be accounted a Gentleman of Bloud 8. The eight is called a Gentleman Untryall that is one who being brought up in some Abby or like Place and related to the Abbat c. doth in time obtain preferment in the same Abby c. 9. The last is a Gentleman Apocryphate such as being a Footman in the service of his Prince is at last advanced to be a Steward or Clerk of the Kitchin c. though he hath no Badg of his own under this Head are comprised all those that have any publick Office as above which take in these three Classes 1. Gentlemen by Ecclesiastical Preferment are 1 Vicars General 2 Guardians 3 Deans of Cathedrals 4 Arch Deacons 5 Chancellours 6 Treasurers 7 Chaunters 8 Doctours of which Divinity is first Law next Physick last 9 Provosts 10 Governours of Colleges 2. In Military Professions these are called Gentlemen 1 High Constables 2 Lieutenant Generals 3 Marshals of the Field 4 Admirals 5 Major Generals 6 Quarter Master General 7 Treasurer for the Army 8 Guardians of Frontiers 9 Grand Esquires 10 Masters of the Artillary 11 Collonels 12 Lieutenant Collonels 13 Serjeant Majors 14 Captains and all that receive Commissions from the King. 3. In the Civil State these are Gentlemen by their Places 1 The Chancellour 2 Presidents 3 Treasurers 4 Judges 5 Justices 6 Chief Officers
account Sometimes England hath had the precedency and the Archbishop of Canterbury had place at the Pope's right Foot Mr. Howel in his Discourse concerning Ambassadours gives divers Reasons for the Precedency of England That it was the first Land that was governed by a Christian King That it hath wholly subdued France and the Kings of England have been crowned in Paris That it hath the best Havens in Christendom c. 2. The Precedency of the several Degrees in England are as follows 1 The King 's most Excellent Majesty 2 The Prince when there is One. 3 The Dukes of the Royal Bloud who are 1 Sons 2 Grand-Sons 3 Brothers 4 Unckles 5 Nephews Then the great Officers of the Church and Crown as 4 The Archibishop of Canterbury 5 Lord Chancellour or Lord Keeper of the Great Seal 6 Archbishop of York 7 Lord Treasurer 8 Lord President of the Council 9 Lord Privy Seal Then the rest of the Nobility as 10 Dukes 11 Dukes eldest Sons of the Royal Bloud 12 Marquesses 13 Dukes eldest Sons 14 Earls 15 Marquesses eldest Sons 16 Dukes younger Sons of the Bloud 17 Dukes younger Sons Royal. 18 Viscounts 19 Earls eldest Sons 20 Marquesses younger Sons 21 Bishops which take place according to the Seniority of their Consecration except 1 London 2 Durham 3 Winchester 22 Barons 23 Viscounts eldest Sons 24 Earls younger Sons 25 Barons eldest Sons 26 Lords of the Privy Council 27 Judges and they 1 Of the King's Bench. 2 Of the Common Pleas. 3 Barons of the Exchequer 28 Masters of Chancery 29 Knights of the Garter if no otherways dignified which is very rare 30 Viscounts younger Sons 31 Barons younger Sons 32 Knights Bannerets 33 Baronets 34 Knights of the Bath 35 Knights Bachelours 36 Colonels first Horse then Foot. 37 Serjeants at Law. 38 Doctors 1 Divinity 2 Law 3 Physick 39 Esquires according to their Degree 1 Esquires of the King's Body 2 The Descendents by the Male Line from some Peer of the Realm 3 Eldest Sons of Baronets 4 Eldest Sons of Knights 5 Esquires attending on the Knights of the Bath 6 Officiary Esquires as 40 Justices of the Peace 41 Barristers at Law. 42 Lieutenant Collonels 43 Majors 44 Captains 45 Gentlemen 46 Yeomen 47 Artificers 48 Merchants 49 Retailers 50 Chapmen 51 Mariners 52 Fishermen 53 Water-men or Ferry-men 54 Masons and Builders 55 Labourers 56 Bondmen Note generally 1. That these great Officers of Court of what Title or Degree soever besides that of their Place or Office do take place of all others of the same Degree or Title except Secretary of State that is if they be Dukes they take place of all Dukes if Earls of all Earls that is 1. Lord Chamberlain of England 2. Lord High Constable 3. Lord Marshal 4. Lord High Steward 5. Lord Chamberlain of His Majesties Houshold 6. Secretaries of State if Peers Note 2. These Officers take place as followeth 1. Master of the Wards 2. Chancellour 3. Under-Chancellour of the Exchequer 4. Chancellour of the Duchy 5. Chief Justice of the King's-Bench 6. Master of the Rolls 7. Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. 8. Chief Baron of the Exchequer 9. Judges 10. Barons of the Coif Note 3. That Deans precede Chancellours and they precede Prebendaries and Prebendaries precede Doctours Note 4. All Artificers of London take place according to the Precedency of the Corporation of which they are free and not by their Trade or Profession The incorporated Merchants take place next after the first 12 Companies as some account then the rest according to the number they bear 13 14 and so on CHAP. XXII The Procession at a Coronation THE most magnificent Procession that I meet with was that at the Coronation of King Charles II. of happy Memory which take as follows From the Tower to Westminster 1. The Duke of York's Horse-Guards 2. The Messengers of the Chamber 3. Esquires to the Knights of the Bath 4. Knights Harbingers 5. Serjeant Portar 6. Sewers of the Chamber 7. Gentlemen Ushers 8. Quarter Waiters 9. The six Clerks in Chancery 10. Clerks of the Signet 11. Clerks of the Privy Seal 12. Clerks of the Council 13. Clerks of the Parliament 14. Clerks of the Crown 15. Chaplains having Dignities 16. The King's Advocate 17. The King's Remembrancer 18. Masters of the Chancery 19. King 's Learned Counsel at Law. 20. King's Puisne Serjeants 21. King's Attorney 22. King's Sollicitour 23. King's eldest Serjeants 24. Secretaries of the French Latine 25. Gentlemen Ushers 26. Daily Waiters 27. Sewers in Ordinary 28. Carvers in Ordinary 29. Cup Bearers in Ordinary 30. Esquires of the Body 31. Masters of Standing Offices as 1. Of the Tents 2. Of the Revels 3. Of the Ceremonies 4. Of the Armory 5. Of the Wardrobe 6. Of the Ordinance 32. Master of the Requests 33. Chamberlains of the Exchequer 34. Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber 35. Knights of the Bath 36. Knight Marshal 37. Treasurer of the Chamber 38. Master of the Jewel-house 39. Barons younger Sons 40. Viscounts younger Sons 41. Barons of the Exchequer 42. Justices of the Common Pleas. 43. Justices of the King 's Bench. 44. Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer 45. Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. 46. Master of the Rolls 47. Lord Chief Justice of the King 's Bench. 48. Knights of the Privy Council 49. Principal Secretary 50. Barons eldest Sons 51. Earls younger Sons 52. Viscounts eldest Sons Kettle-Drums King's Trumpeter 2 Pursivants at Arms. 53. Barons 54. Maquesses younger Sons 55. Earls eldest Sons Two Pursuvants at Arms. 56. Viscounts 57. Dukes younger Sons 58. Marquesses eldest Sons Two Heralds in their Coats and Collars of SS 59. Earls and the Earl Marshal 60. Lord Chamberlain of the Houshold 61. Dukes eldest Sons Two Heralds 62. Marquesses Two Heralds 63. Dukes Clarenceux Norroy Kings at Arms. 64. Lord Treasurer 65. Lord Chancellour 66. Lord High Steward Duke of Normandy and Duke of Aquitain represented by two Persons 67. Gentleman Usher Garter King at Arms. 68. Lord Mayor of London 69. Duke of York 70. Lord Great Chamberlain 71. Lord Marshal with the Sword. 72. Lord High Steward On each side of these Serjeants at Arms. The KING 73. Gentlemen Pensioners Esquires Footmen 74. Master of the Horse leading a spare Horse 75. Vicechamberlain 76. Captain of the Pensioners 77. Captain of the Guards 78. Lieutenant of the Pensioners 79. King's Horse guards 80. The General 's Horse-guards CHAP. XXIII The Proceeding on the Coronation-day FOur Drums Sixteen Trumpets 1 Clerks of the Chancery 2 King's Chaplains having Dignities 3 Aldermen of London 4 King's Counsel learned in the Laws 5 King's Sollicitour 6 King's Attorney 7 King 's eldest Serjeant at Law. 8 Esquires of the Body 9 Master of Requests 10 Gentlemen of the Privy Council 11 Knights of the Bath 12 Barons of the Exchequer 13 Justices of the Common Pleas. 14 Justices of the King 's Bench. 15 Lord Chief Baron 16 Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. 17 Master of the
and Cupbearer with the rest of the Gentlemen Waiters the Ushers making way for the Strangers who come to behold his Majesty 2. At the first Table on the right hand are placed the Lords Chancellour Chamberlain Steward Treasurer c. 3. At the lower Table on the right hand are set the Masters of standing Offices Master of the Houshold Clerks of the Green Cloth c. 4. At the upper Table on the left hand sit the Treasurer of the Houshold the Secretaries the King's Serjeants at Law Master of the Revels Dean of the Chapel c. 5. Below them at the other Table sits the Lieutenant of the Tower with the great Commanders Captains c. 6. At the lower end of the Hall wait the Buttler Keeper of the Pantry Clerks of the Kitchen c. with all thing ready and the King's Guards there are three Courses at each of which the Trumpets sound CHAP. XXVII Of Funerals AS Nobles and Gentlemen have in their Life time Honours shewed them as their due so after Death they have peculiar marks of Honour belonging to them which are not to be given to those of low or ordinary Rank And therefore especial care is to be taken that no indignity be offered to a Mourner and that the Herald marshal them according to their Titles and Worth at the Funerals of any Nobleman And where there is an Officer at Arms employed he ought to wear the King's Coat that so the Defunct may be known to have dyed Honourable in the King's Allegiance His Heir who is chief Mourner is in the Presence of all the other Mourners to receive the Coat-Armour Helm and Crest belonging to the Defunct whereof the King at Arms for that Province is to make Record with the Defunct's Match Issue and Decease If the Defunct be of the Order of the Garter and no more he is to bear his Garter instead of Compartments But if he be also a Nobleman he must bear his proper Ensigns as all Noblemen do besides that is Supporters Coronet Sword Target Gantlet Helmet Crest and Spurs All Persons have a certain length for their Banners which the Heralds are to instruct them in and the higher Degree the Person is the longer may his Banner be as an Earl's Banner may be two yards long c. and also according to their Degrees are they to pay certain Fees which are appointed by the Earl Marshal in his Orders which are as followeth All Noblemen Baronets Knights Esquires and Gentlemen of eminent Place Birth and Quality that shall be either silently buried in the Night or by Day without attendence of an Officer at Arms shall nevertheless immediately after the Death and Burial of such Defunct return a true Certificate of the Matches Issues and times of their Decease with their Arms unto the Heralds Office or to their Deputy or Messenger for which they are to pay unto such Office or Officer at Arms the Fees under-writ  l. s. d. For a Gentleman using his Escoucheons 03 6 8 Using none 02 0 0 An Esquire of Coat-Armour 06 13 4 A Knight 10 0 0 A Banneret and Baronet 13 6 8 A Baron or Baroness that ought to have Banner and Bannerols 20 0 0 A Bishop 25 0 0 A Viscount and Viscountess 30 0 0 An Earl or Countess 35 0 0 A Marquess or Marchioness 40 0 0 A Duke Dutchess and Archbishop 45 0 0 All which Summs are to be paid to the Officers at Arms unless it appeareth that the Defunct was not worth a thousand Pound and in such case to be entered without Fees. CHAP. XXVIII The Proceeding of the Funeral of a Gentleman Esquire Knight or Baronet POor Children as of the Hospital c. Two Conductors The poor Men in Gowns Gentlemens Servants in Cloaks Gentlemen in Cloaks Gentlemen in Gowns Aldermen in Black if in a Corporation The Preacher A Penion of his Arms. The Helm and Crest The Coat of Arms. The Hearse The Chief Mourner Two Assistents Aldermen not in Black. The Master of his Company if he be free of any in London c. Master of the Hospital Gentlemen not in Black. Lastly Neighbours and others CHAP. XXIX The Precedency of a Noblemans Funeral from a Duke to a Baronet TWo Conductors with black Staves Servants in Cloaks two and two The great Banner according to the Degree of the Defunct which is born by Gentlemen appointed by the Herald Gentlemen in Cloaks two and two Two Banners born by Persons appointed by the Herald Gentlemen two and two in Cloaks The Steward Comptroller and the other Chief Officers Heralds Ministers His Sword and Spurs Helmet and Crest Gantlet and Supporters all born by a Person appointed by the Heralds Gentlemen bare headed with his Sheild The Chariot with four Banners c. born about it by Gentlemen of the Kindred Foot-men bare headed Chief Mourners supported Mourners next of Kindred two and two The Neighbours c. Thus have I run through the several Degrees of Noble or Ignoble Persons according to the best account I can find and have given you the choicest Precedents of Precedency that I can procure I shall only add a few Observations in Heraldry which may serve to give some little light to the Reader in that delightfull though by some contemned Art. CHAP. XXX Of Heralds and their Duty THe Word Herald is derived from the Saxon Word Here-haulte and by abbreviation Herault or Herald which signifies the Champian of an Army and growing to be a Name of Office it was given to him that in an Army had the charge of Challenging to Battel or Combat Their Office is very ancient and of great esteem amongst the Romans and other Nations and amongst us they have been esteemed as Ambassadours and sometimes have been made so However they are the Messengers of Kings and great Monarchs and though they have less esteem now than in former times yet their Employment hath been honoured with Messages between Potentates in matters of Honour and Arms They are to be Officious and Expert in Coronations Instalments of Noblemen in Triumphs Justs Combats Marriages Christenings and Interments They are to attend all great Matters of State and Honour and by them ought Proclamations to be made concerning great Matters of State The Causes of Chivalry and Gentility are referred to their Care as the right of bearing Arms Escoucheons Shields Targets Banners c. Correcting of Arms in Visitations and to observe the Descents and Pedegrees of Noblemen and Gentlemen They are the Prothonotaries and Registerers of all the Acts and Proceedings in the Court of the High Constable and Lord Marshal They have been long established in England but as some think not incorporated untill Richard the 3d. who incorporated them by Charter and placed them at Coleharbour in Thames-street London from whence they were removed to the place they now enjoy which was confirmed to them by Philip and Mary and incorporated by the Names of Garter King at Arms of all England Clarenceaux King at
Arms for the south parts and Norroy King at Arms for the north parts and to the other Heralds and Pursuvants for ever And that they should have and use a common Seal to sue and to be sued by before this King Edward the 6th had granted them large Previleges of which see at large in Carter p. 225. Formerly the Title of Clarenceaux was South Roy or Surrey as some say but the Dukedom of Clarence coming by Heirship to the King at Arms for the south of England he assumed the Title of Clarenceaux from Clarence and left that of Surrey and ever since that King at Arms hath been styled Clarenceaux But more particularly there are three Kings at Arms that is 1. Garter Principal General and Indefinite 2. Clarenceaux King at Arms for the North of England on this side the River Trent 3. Norroy King at Arms for the North of England that is of all beyond the River Trent The Heralds which are sometimes styled Dukes at Arms are six that is first York second Somer set third Windsor fourth Lancaster fifth Richmond sixth Chester The Pursuvants are four that is first Portcullis the second is Blew Mantle third Rouge Dragon the fourth Rouge Croix to which are added two more who have no certain Names These Heralds and Pursuvants have power to enter into all Churches Castles Houses c. to view all Arms Recognizances and Crests to make Visitations and to Register the Pedegrees and Matches of Nobles and Gentlemen to punish with Disgrace or Mulct such as shall usurp other mens Atchievements or fancy new ones to themselves against the Law of Arms to reverse or deface them and proclaim the pretender infamous at the Assizes or Sessions Also such as shall use Mourning as Gowns Hoods c. contrary to the Law to limit all Painters and other Artificers in the setting forth of Arms with many more things too tedious to set down And that he may the better know how to give a proper Device or Coat-Armour he is to enquire First Whether he that would bear them desire them and honour Gentility and will keep them from Dishonour Secondly Whether he be able to declare his Pedegree Thirdly He must enquire into his Pedegree and see whether he may by Right bear Coat-Armour whether his Ancestors were Gentlemen and to give the same with due Augmentation Fourthly Whether he be clean of Life Just in Promise cunning in all or any of the liberal Sciences or hath knowledge in Divinity or Philosophy Fifthly Of whom he hath Praise of good Works done whether they were Persons of Reputation for Wisdom or Honesty Sixthly To whom he hath done good Service whether to the King the Prince c. and what the Service was whether in War or as an Ambassadour or the like The Herald is likewise to be very expert in the betroathing of Princes he is not to disclose the secrets of Ladies nor any other not proper to be known appertaining to their own Art he is to be carefull in giving Advice and to acquaint the Bearer of Coat-Armour that the end thereof is to adorn his Family and to make him shew more excellent than others and therefore not to doe any dishonourable Actions He must be also able to distinguish their Lines and Issues the better to doe right to the Person When a King of Heralds is to be made he is brought unto the King or Lord Marshal led between two Heralds or a King and a Herald in their Coats the other Heralds and Pursuvants going before in their Formalities who carry the several Instruments to be used at the Ceremony one the Coat another the Crown a third the Patent a fourth the Bowl of Water a fifth a Book and a Sword a sixth a Book whereon he sweareth c. all making their several Obeisance then he kneels down with those that led him and one holding the Sword and Book whereon he sweareth the other pronounceth the Words then his Patent is read and at the Words Creamus investimus his Coat is put on and at the Words Non violante Nomine c. the Water is poured on his Head when his Patent is read the Ceremony is ended c. CHAP. XXXI Of Heraldry THis is a Field too large to be traced through in so small a Volum as this and therefore I cannot pretend to shew the Art of Blazon but only as well as I can with such Brevity give you the general Terms of Art and Names of those things which are particularly nominated in this Honourable Science Briefly therefore Armory is an Art whereby we attain to the Knowledg of the use of Coat-Armour which consisteth of two general Heads first Blazoning secondly Marshaling First Blazoning is the explication of Coat-Armour in such significant Terms that the Vertues of the first Bearers may be known and this is done by expressing what the Colours Shapes Kinds and Postures of those things are which are born in Coat-Armour with their Position by which the true signification may be known Secondly Marshalling is the orderly placings of several Coats belonging originally to divers Families within one Efcoucheon and the well disposing of those Ornaments which belong to them in their proper Places without the Estouchen Of these in General More particular Arms are divided into things within the Escoucheon and things without the Escoucheon those things without the Escoucheon are the Mantling Supporters where due Torce Helm Crest Motto c. But not to enlarge on these things we shall chiefly speak of those things within the Escoucheon First The Escoucheon must be spread over with some Metal Colour or Furr which do admit of several Denominations according to the quality of the Person to whom the Coat doth belong if a King or absolute Prince his Coat is blazoned or express'd by Planets a Nobleman's by precious Stones and those of lower Ranks by Colours which take as under written Metals and Colours in Blazon for Gent. under the Nobibility called By Precious Stones for Nobles called By Planets for Kings c. called 1 Gold or Yellow Or O. Topaz ☉ Sol. 2 Silver or white Argent A. Pearl ☽ Luna 3 Red Gules G. Ruby ♂ Mars 4 Light blew Azure B. Sapphir ♃ Jupiter 5 Black Sable S. Diamond ♄ Saturn 6 Green Vert V. Emrauld ♀ Venus 7 Purple Purpure P. Amethyst ☿ Mercury 8 Orange colour Tenne T. Jacinth ☊ Dragons head 9 Murry Sanguin Sardonyx ☋ Dragons tail The Meaning is only this if the Coat be a King 's or Prince's you must say he beareth Sol not Tapaz nor Or if a Nobleman's say Topaz or Pearl and not Sol nor Or if a Gentleman's say Or or Argent only c. The two last Colours are counted stainant yet are born sometimes by good Families All these have their proper significations both singly by themselves and also as they are compounded by themselves they signifie as follows Or signifies Wisdom Magnanimity Delight and Riches Argent Innocency Chastity and Charity
Capital Ships came to the Spit-head Edward Mosely Esq of Lancashire Knighted Edinburgh Castle deliverd up by the Duke of Gourdon His Majesty set Sail from the Spit-head London-Derry made another advantageous Sally Major General Kirke came to the Lough before London-Derry The Fortress of Keyseawreart surrendered by the French to the Duke of Brandenburgh Above Eighty of the Clergy of London went in a Body to take the Oaths at Westminster-hall The Parliament of Scotland met and passed an Act to ascertain King William's Authority King William went to the Parliament at Westminster and passed Ten Acts. King William's Proclamation to offer one Hundred Pound to discover either Sir Adam Blair or Doctor Robert Grey for dispersing King James's Declaration John Studer was executed at Kingston for deserting His Majesty's Service King William went to the House of Lords and made a Speech to the Parliament King of Sweden's Envoy had Audience July An Act passed in Scotland to take away the Supremacy over Ecclesiastical Affairs James Ermendenger made Master of their Majesties Hand-Guns A Plot discovered to have fired Edinburgh and to have destroyed the Estates on the Eight instant on which discovery about Forty Persons were secured The Earl of Pembroke had Audience of the States of Holland There landed from Three French Men of War about Eight hundred Irish in Argile-shire in Scotland from Carrick fergus King William called by Writ to sit as Barons in the House of Lords Charles Lord Dursley and Robert Lord Viscount Lisle who took their places The Protestants at Inniskilling by a Sally beat a Convoy of four hundred and took two Firkins of money and fifteen Waggons of Ammunition and Provisions A Proclamation to offer Ten pound to discover any High-way man. Robert Serle Esq appointed to be Consul of Leghorne Duke Schomberg left White-hall in order to his journey to Chester towards his Relief of Ireland Duke Schomberg came to Chester being received with great respect next day viewed the ground where the Camp was to be A French Man of War brought in as a prize to Plymouth which came from Ireland The Act for Abolishing the Episcopacy in Scotland was touched with the Sceptre The Spanish Ambassadour had his publick Audience About four of the Clock in the Morning her Royal Highness Princess Anne of Denmark was brought to Bed of a Son and on the Twenty seventh was Christen'd by the name of William by the Bishop of London at Hampton Court where his Majesty declared him Duke of Glocester King William passed nine Acts of Parliament Came out a Proclamation against exporting of Salt Petre. Martin Wiscomb made Consul of Cadiz and Saint Maries London-derry in Ireland was relieved after it was brought to that extremity that five hundred ninety one Bombs had been shot into the Town and six thousand dyed for want of Provisions and five thousand fighting men left in it the same night the Duke of Berwick with King James's Forces raised the Siege and went away burning all places they left behind Aug. A great fight in Scotland betwixt General Mackay and the Lord Dundee where the latter was killed The Parliament of Scotland Adjourned to the eighth of October Pope Innocent XI dyed in the 79th year of his Age and was the sixth buried at Saint Peter's Church at Rome after he had lain three days in the Church for publick view The Earl of Torrington with the Fleet nigh the Isle of Silly designed for the Coast of Ireland Four Ships went with Provisions from Highlake to London-derry Launceston in Cornwall did present an Address to King William being the first of any County of England Duke Schomberg set Sail from Highlake and on the thirteenth landed at Bangor in the North of Ireland with the English Forces A Fight betwixt Prince Waldeck with the English and Dutch Forces and Mareschal d'Humieres with the French where near two thousand of the latter were killed the fight at Dunkell in Scotland William Forester and James Forbes Esqs and Clerks of the Green-cloth were Knighted at Hampton Court. Francis Blake of Ford Castle Knighted at Hampton Court. Carrick fergus in Ireland surrendred to Duke Schomberg after four days Siege The North Male Robbed nigh Newington in Middlesex Mr. Walker late Governour of London-derry waited on their Majesties at Hampton Court where the King presented him five Thousand pound as a Reward The Earl of Levins is made Governour of Edinburgh Castle The Earl of Torrington with the Fleet at Torbay Mr. Walker late Governour of London-derry waited on King William at Hampton Court and presented an Address Sept. The Chester Male Robbed betwixt Highgate and Whetstone A Proclamation Authorizing Commissioners for the Act of 12 d. in the pound Duke Hamilton sworn of his Majesty's Privy Council at White-hall Edward Smith Esq appointed Consul for the Canary Islands The East-land Fleet of 34 Sail passed by Weymouth Parliament met and Adjourned to October the 19th following The Dutch Ambassadours had their Audience of leave Sir John Holt Lord Chief Justice of England sworn of the Privy Council Sir Thomas Pilkington continued Lord Mayor of London for the ensuing year The King left White-hall towards his journey for New-Market Octo. The Fleet under the Earl of Torrington Sailed out of Torbay to the Spit-head A Proclamation to preserve the New River Water The University of Cambridge waited on King William at New-market The King din'd at New-market Bonn taken by the Duke of Brandenburgh after 55 days being blocked up and 26 days close Siege King William returned from Cambridge and New-market to Hampton-Court Doctor Stillingfleet Bishop of Worcester Doctor Patrick Bishop of Chichester Doctor Ironside Bishop of Bristol were Consecrated at the Bishop of London's Chapel at Fulham by the Bishop of London Bishop of St. Asaph and Bishop of Rochester The Parliament met at Westminster where King William made a Speech to them Queen of Portugal was brought to Bed of a Son. Was kept in London by the Irish Protestants the Anniversary for the deliverance from the Massacre in 1641. King William was made free of the Grocers Company and on the presenting his Freedom Ralph Box Esq was Knighted Sir George Davis made Conful of Naples Nov. Richard Lord Coot made Earl of Earles of Bellomont in Ireland Was brought into Falmouth a French Vessel taken going to Ireland with 4000 Armes and Powder and Officers A Fleet of Eighty Sail with six Thousand Foot and one Thousand Horse on Board of Danes Sailed by Hull for Scotland Envoy from Spanish Flanders had his Audience Thomas Kirke Esq made Consul of Genoua The Danish Forces arrived at Hull A Proclamation offering 200 l. for apprehending of Edmund Ludlow Lambert Blackwell Esq made Consul of Leghorne Walter Doleman Esq made Consul of Alicant in Spain An order of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen offering 500 l. to discover the Person that offered an Indignity to King William's Picture in Guild-hall Dec. Thomas Papillion Simon Macne John Agur Humphrey Ayles and James