easier Terms then all Churches do require of those that are under their respective Jurisdictions So that we are neither the cause nor party in any Division Other Churches that break communion with us deny that Christian Charity that One Member of Christs Body ought to pay to another and those of our own Members that run into Conventicles set up Altar against Altar and divide themselves from our Communion go against the plain word of God which requires them to obey them that have the Rule over them See my Evangel and Cath. unity c. against the constant Order of the Catholick Church and general Councils and contrary to the Doctrine and Command of all other Churches in the World Obj. But are there no Reasons then for Men to refuse the Communion of their particular Church and Bishop and must every private Christian alwayes comply with their Governours whatsoever they say or do Answ They must obey their particular Church in all things Lawfull which are in all things not contrary to the word of God and the Catholick Church Obj. But who shall be Judge in this Case Answ The sense of the Catholick Church in Cases of doubt is to be consulted Obj. But is it not hard to know where she may be consulted and how to understand her Sense in any matter Answ God has promised that the way shall be so plain that a wayfaring Man though a Fool shall not err therein Isa 35.8 1 Tim. 3.15 and for our direction tells us the Church is the Pillar and Ground of Truth And thereupon he has commanded us to hear and obey the Church and there is no doubt it will be an easie matter to understand what her Sense is in all Cases needfull for us to know Obj. But have not Bishops and Scholars themselves many disputes about the Church and about her Sense in several points and how then can People know the Sence of the Church Answ Men of some Judgment and little Reading are willing to despise that Authority which is above their capacity and Men of great Reading and little Judgment do not know how to reconcile the seeming differences in the Church but if you consult your Bishops and Ministers they will satisfie you concerning the Sense of the Catholick Church in all parts of your duty For since God has made it our duty to hear and obey the Churches he will order matters so that all People that are willing to follow her direction may be guided by it for God does not reveal any thing to us that we cannot believe nor command any thing which we cannot perform in the manner it is proposed to us Quest What plain Rule will you give us to go by in this matter for we would willingly know the Truth and hearken to the Church Answ First in all Lawfull and in most doubtfull matters it is your duty to follow the command of your particular Church Quest But what must I do in things that seem to me contrary to the Word of God when such are commanded by my particular Church Answ The second Rule then I would give you is that if you think or are credibly told you ought not to joyn with your particular Church in this or that Doctrine or practice before you make a Schism enquire of learned Men what was the Sense of the Primitive Fathers and generall Councils and what is the generall opinion of other Churches and most learned Divines about it and be sure you have good Reason and Authority before you depart from your own Church in which you live and were Baptized Obj. This is the way to put me upon a tedious endless work more then either I or the Persons I consult will be ever able to go through Answ No no such matter the Sense and Consent of the Scripture and of the Church is so clear in all points of duty that People are concerned to know and practice and the Controversies are so few when rightly stated and understood that want to be decided in Order to your doing your duty that it will be no hard matter to receive full satisfaction for they are either such that have been long agoe decided or the Church is wholly silent about them and there is no evidence of Scripture to oblige you to depart from your particular Church upon that account Now consider in how many matters all Churches are agreed and the Controversies long agoe setled First against the Arrians and Socinians Consess August which are long agoe condemned for Hereticks and the Three Creeds that expound the Catholick Faith See my enquiry into the means of a happy union contrary to their perverse interpretations are generally received by all Churches So likewise the Anabaptists and Quakers who deny Infant Baprism are likewise condemned by all Churches and 't is the constant Doctrine of the Catholick Church and all Reformed Churches that to separate from their Lawfull Bishops upon the account of their requiring of them to joyn in stated Forms of Prayer and for enjoyning decent Ceremonies not contrary to the Word of God and thereupon to set up Altar against Altar and run into private meetings is that Schism condemned in the Holy Scriptures So that not only from the Holy Scriptures but from the interpretation of the Church it is most evident that they hold pernicious if not Damnable errours and in these points it will be an easie matter for every body to find satisfaction and to know the Churches Sense concerning them So that to joyn with such Dissenters and to profess their Doctrines is manifestly to oppose the Catholick Church as well as the Word of God Obj. But if you put us to enquire into the Ancient ways and consult the Sense of other Churches and give us that Rule for our direction in matters of Controversie we fear you have a design to lead us back to the Church of Rome for they talk much of the Church and the old Religion and tell us all the World is on their side Answ That is the great weakness of some to imagine so and by their speaking meanly of hearkning to the Authority of the Catholick Church make many Suspect indeed that the Church of God has been altogether corrupted and lost or else no where to be found for many Ages but in the Church of Rome Whereas if you will inquire of your Bishops and Divines of the Church of England they will tell you that the pretended Authority of the Pope and Church of Rome is contrary to the generall Councils rejected by the whole Church for the first Six Hundred Years and upwards and condemned by the major part of the Bishops and Christian Churches from the Apostles times to this very day nay the Church of Rome is the only Church by Name warned to take heed least she be Cut off from the Body of Christ as the Jews were Rom. 11. So that the Church of Rome is so far from being the Catholick Church that
Sense of the Catholick Church in all Ages and of all particular Churches at this day for Men to set up Altar against Altar and separate from their lawfull Governours without just reason is that Schism condemned by the Gospel and that there is no reason to separate from the Church of England I have sufficiently shewed by taking off all the Objections against her Communion Mr Baxter's Apology pag. 8. I know how unable the Separatists were to answer the many Arguments of the Famous Arth. Hildersham J. Paget W. Bradshaw Brightman John Ball and other old Nonconformists for the lawfulness of Communicating with our Parish-Churches in the Sacraments and the Liturgy I was exceedingly moved against Separation truely so called by considering 1. How contrary it is to the Principle of Christian-love 2. And how directly and certainly pernicious to the interest of the cause of Christ and his Church and of the Souls of Men and how powerful a means it is to kill that little Love that is left in the World 4. I was greatly moved in thinking of the State of most Churches in the World if I travelled into Ahassia Armenia Russia or among the Greek Churches I durst not deny to hold communion with them When I go to God in Prayer I dare not go in a separate capacity but as a Member of the Universal Church nor would I part with my share in the Common-Poayers of all the Churches for all the World And having perused all the Forreign and Ancient Liturgies extant in Bibliotheca Patrum I doubt not but our own is incomparably better then any that is there And consider what Mr Calvin says in this Case who does also own Bishops Liturgies and Symbolical Ceremonies as ours are no just Cause of separating from the Church viz. Institut l. 4. c. 1. n. 10. I have set down the Preaching of the Word and Administration of the Sacraments for the signs whereby to know the Church For where the Preaching of the Gospel is reverently heard and the Sacraments are not neglected there for that time is a certain face of a true Church and 't is lawfull for no Man without punishment to despise her Authority reject her Admonitions be refractory against her Counsels or mock at her Corrections much less may he separate from her and break her unity For our Lord does so highly esteem the Communion of his Church that he does reckon him for a Renegado and desertor of Religion that does obstinately separate from any Christian Society that does hold the true Ministry of the Word and Sacraments from whence it does follow that to depare from the Church is to deny God and Christ but how much the more ought we to take heed of such a wicked Schism for while we go about as much as in us lyes to destroy the Truth of God we deserve that God should thunder against us with the greatest force of his Wrath to break as in pieces If some Men of better understanding by their diligence get to a knowledge of the principal parts of their Duty yet the generality of People Children and Servants will be exposed to all Ignorance Errour and Profaness IN the constitution of the Church the very Order of the Service and the solemn times set apart to bless God for the particular dispensations of the Gospel such as the Incarnation of our Lord at the Feast of Annunciation commonly called our Lady-day his Birth at Christinas and so his Passion Resurrection Asconsion sending down the Holy Ghost the Feast of the Holy Trinity with other particular Seasons are a standing Catechism and with a little help will easily bring even Children to understand and remember all parts of their Duty and for their fuller instruction and admonition the Minister is to Catechise in the Afternoons and to teach those that are ignorant of these things and to put all others in mind to think upon and observe what they do already understand So that Persons that live in the Obedience of the Church must be stupidly careless of themselves if they want any thing necessary for their edification in Faith and Love and finally to attain Salvation and if any generally are ignorant of these things they are such who run away from their Governours and either through sloth or faction would not give themselves the trouble to hear and receive the sober advice of their Ministers and commands of the Church Then under the Churches discipline the admonition of the Bishops the reproof of their Minister good Neighbours and fellow Christians did reform many of these abuses and stir up others to a diligent attendance upon the publick Service But now all sorts of temporal punishments are in a manner Suspended if you by running into Conventicles teach your Children and Servants your Neighbours and Acquaintance to despise the Authority of their Bishops and Ministers and all the Spiritual discipline of the Church you will be a means to encourage Ignorance and Profaness and in a short time our People will fall into Atheism and Infidelity For many from your example taught to contemn the reproofs and censures of their Governours will not only neglect the Communion of the Church but all sort of exercise of Religion and so turn Pagans if not live altogether like brute Beasts Others that have as yet some sparks of the Sense of Religion in generall left in them yet running up and down from Place to Place from one Sect to another will be far from receiving that firm and setled understanding of the Grounds and Principles of Religion which is necessary to keep them steady in their Duty and to bulld them up to an Holy and Heavenly conversation So that you that withdraw your selves from the Communion of your Bishops and Ministers of the Church of England besides the great Sins of Disobedience Schism and contempt of the Church and the danger you run of Heresie and damnable errour you do by your pernicious example expose your Children and Servants and multitudes of your fellow Subjects to Ignorance Profaness Infidelity Atheism and so instead of advancing purer Religion you will bring the greatest part to no Religion at all and these things we could in a great measure prevent if you by running into Conventicles and despising the directions of your Governours did not give them occasion and encourage them to run away from the sober instruction of the Church Let me therefore in the Name of God and as I have the generall care and charge of your Souls and shall be ready to give any assistance and direction you stand in need of in your passage to Heaven prevail upon you to take these things into your serious consideration Religion is not a politick Engine to be used at pleasure only to serve Mens turns upon occasion and gratine their humour and keep up the interest of a party but 't is the revealed and unchangeable Will of God concerning our Salvation and therefore must in all things be
Pattern of order and unity will be the most confused body in the World every body will become his own Lord and Master and will live and do as he lift but how opposite is this to that command of our Saviour If he refuse to hear the Church let him be unto thee as an Heathen man and a Publican and to that of the Apostle obey them that have the Rule over you when at this rate no Man has any other Ruler but his own peevish will Our Saviour therefore to prevent this confusion as he had Authority immediatly from God so he gave his Apostles full Commission to send others with the like power of appointing new Bishops to the end of the World as fast as any should dye or the places become void And to this purpose he says as my Father sent me Joh. 20. that is with power of sending you so send I you with power of sending others And lo I am with you alwaies unto the end of the World accordingly we find Paul and Barnabas ordained by the appointment of the Holy Ghost Act. 13.2 3. and they again when they had received this power goe about ordaining Bishops in every Church where they were wanting Acts 14.23 and then Acts 20. the Apostle exhorts the Bishops to feed the Flock of Christ over whom the Holy Ghost had made them Bishops Thus Timothy was ordained by St Paul and he had power to ordain others but he is charged to lay hands suddenly on no Man 1 Tim. 5.22 Titas also was left in Crete to ordain Elders and set in order the things that were wanting So that Christ he first sent forth his Apostles the Apostles they ordained and sent forth Bishops they were to judge of their abilities and so to give them charge of Souls and the People were to hearken to them and obey them as appointed by the Holy Ghost Act. 20. and so other Priests and Officers that follow their orders and directions 2 Cor. 7.15 What method was observed in appointing Bishops and Governours of the Church after the Apostles dayes 'T IS not to be expected that the Names of all the Persons that were called to be Governours in the Church and the places and bounds within which every Man was to exercise his Authority should be set down in Scripture no more then the Names and Places of Kings and Printes and Civil Governours are The common rules of prudence and order are enough to direct in this as well as the other matters so that all things be done decently and in order and to the edification of the Church Now the Rules of decency and order do require that Persons should be appointed peaceably and therefore no Man must thrust himself into any Government till he be duely called and set apart for that Office neither must any one usurp anothers place and disturb him in the quiet discharge of his duty And then that all may be done to edification t is fit the Persons should be able and well qualified to do their Office so there must be Persons who have power to appoint and judgement to examine and discern the fitness of the Men who are to be called to so high a dignity as to be Teachers and Governours of the Church how they are for life and conversation that Magistrates and People can bear witness to and are allowed to except against ill Men. But whether they are sound in Faith and indued with knowledge and understanding rightly to divide the word of God and discharge their duty that was ever the Office of the Bishops to enquire as also to ordain and appoint them for they must lay hands suddenly on no Man 1 Tim. 5.22 but are to commit this Authority to faithfull Men who are able to teach others also 2 Tim. 2.2 again how shall they Preach except they be sent Rom. 10.15 no Man taketh this honour unto himself but he that is called of God as was Aaron Heb. 5.4 Now that was after a solemn and orderly manner by Gods appointment he was legally consecrated and set apart for that Office Exod. 28. so were the Apostles so were those sent abroad by the Apostles and so Persons were appointed in all ages of the Church being first examined and tryed and then Ordained and sent forth by the Bishops according to certain Canons and the same order is observed at this day in all Churches that stand established in any setled Government And thô there be a dispute in some places whether Bishops and Priests be of the same order and upon that supposition that every Priest is a Bishop and has Originally in him fullness of all Authority and Power some do take it upon them to ordain thô meer Presbyters yet it is upon that principle and supposition that a Presbyter is equal to a Bishop and has Authority from Christ to ordain others by virtue of his Office and so still they maintain that Men must be examined and appointed by Bishops in a Regular manner before they ought to be allowed to take upon them any Office of Preaching and Governing in the Church And suppose a Bishop and Presbyter were one Order and a Presbyter had equal Authority originally to Ordain as well as Bishops which in the judgment of most Churches they have not yet what an unreasonable thing is it to make use of a power of Ordination which was never owned and allowed for 1500 years in the Church and which does create many doubts and disputes and great confusion in the Church when they may have Ordination from the Bishops which all confess is sound and valid and thereby Men may avoid giving scandal to many Churches and raising Scruples in the minds of People at home which all charity does require good Christians to prevent Now this Succession of Bishops down from the Apostles time to our dayes Luther T. 4. p. 6 7 8. Twenty years after his first appearing against the errors of the Church of Rome The Apostles were called by Christ himself the Apostles afterward called their Disciples as Paul called Timothy and Titus Who afterward called the Bishops the Bishops called their Successors and that Call continued to our times and shall continue to the end of the World and 't is a mediate call because it is by Men yet it is Divine and this is the generall call all over the World after the Apostles neither is it to be changed but highly esteemed by reason of some fanaticall Men which despise it and boast of another better call whereby they say they are moved by the Spirit to teach But such impostors lye they are moved by a Spirit indeed but not by a good but a wicked Spirit Wherefore we must not run into another Man's charge as the Devil does stir up his Ministers to run where they are not called has run as clearly and as evidently as the Succession of our Kings in England since William the Conquerour still one succeeding another as any died or
were removed by Ordination and orderly appointment to his Charge But yet farther to keep peace and prevent confusion there must be some Canons or Rules to retain every Man within the bounds of his duty that one might not disturb another or undoe what another had done Now about chusing of Bishops and about excommunicating Offenders Bishops may vary in their opinion as it is known they often have done one may be for this Man and another for that and unless there be some Rule to proceed by there will be endless Cuarrels and Disputes therefore the general Rule of Decency and Order must come in here and we must consider what direction the Scripture has given in this Case also Now besides the Rule of common Prudence that amongst Governours of all Societies if they cannot otherwise compose any difference they must sit down by the Authority of the major part the Apostle tells us The Spirits of the Prophets are subject to the Prophets for God is not the Author of Confusion but of Peace as in all the Churches of the Saints 1. Cor. 14. much more then particular Bishops and Ministers ought to be subject to the rest of the Bishops Then the general Rule of our Saviour is If he refuse to hear the Church let him be unto Thee as an Heathen man and a Publican not only no longer an Officer but not so much as a member of the Church Now all Bishops being Governours of the Church and Successors of the Apostles one as well as another has right to judge in Cases that concern the peace and welfare thereof but it is impossible they can all meet or be consulted in ordinary Cases and therefore as in the Civil state for better Order and convenience in administration of Justice or preserving Peace the World is divided into Kingdoms Provinces Counties Cities c. And the respective Governours have the certain bounds and limits of their jurisdiction and every one is to take care of all things within his own charge and not to intermeddle or thrust himself into another Countrey or Province So by direction from the Apostles the Bishops did by mutual consent set out the bounds of every Man's jurisdiction according to Cities and Provinces and Civil States have confirmed the same in after Ages Thus St James was Bishop of Jerusalem St Peter at Antioch St Mark at Alexandria St Andrew at Byzantium now Constantinople St Timothy at Ephesus and Titus at Crete c. And after them other single Persons did succeed in their places as we see it is at this Day as one Bishop dyes another is chosen and Ordained to succeed in his Office And as a City with the neighbouring Countries round it did make one Bishops Diocess so several Cities and their adjoyning Villages did make one Province under one Arch-Bishop And all matters that did concern the Church were to be determined by the mutual consent of the Arch-Bishop and of all or the major part of the Bishops of each Province and this was the Order derived from the Apostles confirmed by the general Councils S. Cypr. Ep. 68. can A post concil Nice and generally observed through all Ages of the Church As for the Authority of Patriarchs and of late years the usurpation of the Pope these are all incroachments upon the Church and so are the Assemblies of Presbyters without or in opposition to their Bishops much more the root of all confusion an independencie of every Preacher in each single Congregation and deviations from the Ancient and Apostolical Order S. Cyprian Ep. 55. concil African can 28. The standing and generall Law and Tradition was that which best suits with the rules of Decency and Order that Christians should not be drawn from their own Country should not be put to long and tedious journies but have all Matters ended at home by the Arch-Bishop and Bishops of each Province amongst themselves who best know the state and condition of the People committed to their charge and are bound by interest as well as duty to consult the peace and welfare of their Dioceses 'T is needless to cite the Canons See the 6 gen Councils and particular Councils confirmed by them the case is known to all Schollars that look into the antient Councils and Histories of the Church And according to this universal Order of the Church 't is as easie for every one to know his own Spiritual Governours as 't is his Civil Every Ones charge is allotted and all within such bounds and limits belong to the Spiritual Government of the Bishop of the Diocess and his Assistants and Minister of the Parish where he lives and thus 't is in all Kingdoms and Countries where the Christian Religion is professed and this Order and Authority all sober Divines do own and acknowledge But still it is with this limitation provided they hold the Faith and Unity of the Catholick Church and keep within the Rules of the Gospel For all Bishops and others are members of Provincial Churches and must be subject to the Rules and Order of the Province and all Provinces are members of the Catholick Church and must keep the unity of Faith of Christs mystreal body In rites and ceremonies and private opinions in lesser matters particular Churches may differ one from another and each Province or Nation may consult and provide that which is best for themselves but then as to Faith and other necessary duties that must be the same all over the World and nothing must be done contrary to the Laws of Christian Charity and that mutual Love that we ought to have for all our Brethren in Christ much less ought we to do any thing contrary to that duty we owe to our Spiritual Fathers that are set over us by the Holy Ghost Acts 20. and to the peace and settlement of the Catholick and our own particular Church or Parish Now I cannot see what temptation any rational Man that wishes well to the promoting of the glory of God and advancement of true Religion can have to change this antient Apostolical Order of a Synod of Bishops governing according to the Rules of the Ancient Church and with the assistance of their Presbyters for a Synod of Presbyters only according to the late Modell of Mr Calvin invented at Geneva Or what benefit the People would have by it who must still be left to the Minister of their own Parish neither would they find themselves in a better but worse condition Much less should make a Schism to inforce and bring in such a novelty and invasion upon their Spiritual Fathers and Brethren in Christ or else to destroy all Church Govenment as the Independants Anabaptists and Quakers do who set up Plow men and Thatchers instead of Bishops and Priests All Persons in this Nation are bound to joyn in Communion with their Bishop of the Diocess and Minister of the Parish where they live and the great sin of those that neglect this